FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lamon-Fava, S Posfai, B Asztalos, BF Horvath, KV Dallal, GE Schaefer, EJ AF Lamon-Fava, S Posfai, B Asztalos, BF Horvath, KV Dallal, GE Schaefer, EJ TI Effects of estrogen and medroxyprogesterone acetate on subpopulations of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; HORMONE-REPLACEMENT THERAPY; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; REFERENCE INTERVALS; MENOPAUSAL STATUS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; PLUS PROGESTIN AB Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women has been shown to increase both triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. To better understand the effects of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), the 2 most commonly prescribed hormones in HRT, on the different subpopulations of TG-rich and HDL lipoproteins, we conducted a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, crossover study consisting of 3 different phases in 14 postmenopausal women. The 3 phases, each 8-week long, included: (1) placebo, (2) CEE 0.625 mg/d, and (3) CEE 0.625 mg/d and MPA 2.5 mg/d. Slight and statistically nonsignificant elevations in TG levels were observed during the CEE treatment. While very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol levels were not significantly affected by CEE and CEE + MPA, both HRT treatments lowered remnant lipoprotein (RLP) cholesterol (-14% and -37%, respectively). Compared with placebo, CEE caused a significant increase in HDL, HDL2, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, LpAl, alpha1, and prealpha1 levels (12%, 27%, 17%, 26%, 60%, and 102%, respectively). The combination therapy blunted the CEE effect on all HDL parameters, resulting in HDL, HDL2, and LpAl levels being no longer significantly different from placebo. Apo A-I levels and alpha1, and prealpha1 levels were still significantly higher than placebo (+ 11%, +50%, and +112%, respectively). These results indicate that HRT has beneficial effects on RLP levels and that, while the estrogen component of HRT has a beneficial effect on the HDL subpopulations mostly associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) protection, MPA partially inhibits this effect. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Biostat Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Metab Diabet & Mol Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lamon-Fava, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR00054]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 64738, HL 03209, R01 HL064738]; NIA NIH HHS [AG08812] NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 52 IS 10 BP 1330 EP 1336 DI 10.1016/S0026-0495(03)00276-2 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 731YH UT WOS:000185913700016 PM 14564686 ER PT J AU Fratamico, PM AF Fratamico, PM TI Comparison of culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), TaqMan Salmonella, and Transia Card Salmonella assays for detection of Salmonella spp. in naturally-contaminated ground chicken, ground turkey, and ground beef SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE invA; enrichment; Rambach; rainbow agar Salmonella; XLT4; Rappaport Vassiliadis broth; fluorogenic 5 ' nuclease assay ID RAPPAPORT-VASSILIADIS MEDIUM; SELENITE CYSTINE BROTH; TETRATHIONATE BROTH; RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS; UNITED-STATES; RAW FLESH; FOODS; RECOVERY; POULTRY; PRODUCTS AB Four types of assays were evaluated for the detection of Salmonella spp. in retail ground chicken (86 packages), ground turkey (104 packages), and ground beef (54 packages). Two 25 g samples from each package were separately subjected to pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water for 20 h at 37 C followed by enrichment in Rappaport Vassiliadis (RV) broth for 20 h at 42 C. The RV enrichments were plated onto Rambach agar, Rainbow Agar Salmonella, and XLT4 agar, and were also tested by a PCR assay targeting the Salmonella invA gene, as well as by the TaqMan((R)) Salmonella PCR assay. Additionally, the RV enrichments were tested using the Transia Card Salmonella((R)) immunoassay. Results showed that 16.8, 24.0, 28.8, and 26.4% of turkey samples were positive for Salmonella spp. by culture, PCR, TaqMan PCR, and Transia Card Salmonella assays, respectively. Eighteen, 28.5, 35.5, and 34.9% of chicken samples were positive by culture, PCR, TaqMan PCR, and Transia Card Salmonella assays, respectively, and 6.5, 6.5, 6.5, and 18.5% of ground beef samples were positive by the four assays, respectively. Analysis of the data using the kappa statistic showed that there was substantial to excellent agreement between the PCR and TaqMan PCR assays and between the PCR and culture assays (kappa coefficients ranging from 0.67 to 0.87), while there was poor to fair agreement between the results of the Transia Card Salmonella assay and the other methods (kappa coefficients ranging from 0.28 to 0.32). Overall. results showed that the PCR-based assays were more sensitive than the culture method, and the culture and PCR-based assays were more specific than the immunoassay for detection of Salmonella in ground chicken, turkey, and beef due to the occurrence of false positive results using the immunoassay. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fratamico, PM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 28 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD OCT PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1016/S0890-8508(03)00056-2 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 741WL UT WOS:000186483300002 PM 14580395 ER PT J AU Chagne, D Brown, G Lalanne, C Madur, D Pot, D Neale, D Plomion, C AF Chagne, D Brown, G Lalanne, C Madur, D Pot, D Neale, D Plomion, C TI Comparative genome and QTL mapping between maritime and loblolly pines SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE comparative mapping; EST polymorphism; Pinus pinaster; Pinus taeda; wood quality QTL ID PINUS-TAEDA L.; WOOD PROPERTY TRAITS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; MOLECULAR DISSECTION; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; GENETIC-MAP; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; CONIFERS AB Genetic markers developed from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were used as orthologous loci for comparative genome studies in the genus Pinus. A total of 309 ESTs derived from conifer gene sequences were tested for amplification and polymorphism in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Electrophoresis-based techniques made it possible to map 50 expressed sequence tag polymorphisms (ESTPs). The map positions of 32 markers were compared to putative orthologous loci on the loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) linkage map, which is the reference map of the conifer genetic mapping community. Overall, synteny was maintained between the two species. This report agrees with other pairwise genome comparisons in pine and supports the cytogenetic evidence that chromosome evolution in the genus is conservative. The alignment of homologous linkage groups allowed, for the first time in conifers, the comparison of QTL location. The position of two QTLs controlling wood density and cell wall components were found to be conserved between the two species. C1 INRA Pierroton, Equipe Genet & Ameliorat Arbres Forestiers, F-33612 Cestas, France. US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Plomion, C (reprint author), INRA Pierroton, Equipe Genet & Ameliorat Arbres Forestiers, 69 Route Arcachon, F-33612 Cestas, France. RI Chagne, David/A-2596-2010; plomion, christophe/F-7578-2013 OI Chagne, David/0000-0003-4018-0694; NR 39 TC 56 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 12 IS 3 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.1023/A:1026318327911 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 737AH UT WOS:000186206100001 ER PT J AU Masci, S D'Ovidio, R Scossa, F Patacchini, C Lafiandra, D Anderson, OD Blechl, AE AF Masci, S D'Ovidio, R Scossa, F Patacchini, C Lafiandra, D Anderson, OD Blechl, AE TI Production and characterization of a transgenic bread wheat line over-expressing a low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE gluten; glutenin polymers; low molecular weight glutenin subunits; quality; transgenic wheat ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ALLELIC VARIATION; DISULFIDE BONDS; DURUM-WHEAT; QUALITY PROPERTIES; BIOCHEMICAL BASIS; DOUGH PROPERTIES; PROTEINS; FLOUR; REDUCTION AB The end-use properties, and thus the value, of wheat flours are determined to a large extent by the proteins that make up the polymeric network called gluten. Low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) are important components of gluten structure. Their relative amounts and/or the presence of specific components can influence dough visco-elasticity, a property that is correlated with the end-use properties of wheat flour. For these reasons, manipulation of gluten dough strength and elasticity is important. We are pursuing this goal by transforming the bread wheat cultivar Bobwhite with a LMW-GS gene driven by its own promoter. Particle bombardment of immature embryos produced several transgenic lines, one of which over-expressed the LMW-GS transgene. Southern blots confirmed that the transgene was integrated into the wheat genome, although segregation analyses showed that its expression was sometimes poorly transmitted to progeny. We have determined that the transgene-encoded LMW-GS accumulates to very high levels in seeds of this line, and that it is incorporated into the glutenin polymer, nearly doubling its overall amount. However, SDS sedimentation test values were lower from the transgenic material compared to a non transgenic flour. These results suggest that the widely accepted correlation between the amount of the glutenin polymers and flour technological properties might not be valid, depending on the components of the polymer. C1 Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Agrobiol & Agrochim, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Masci, S (reprint author), Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Agrobiol & Agrochim, Via SC de Lellis, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. RI D'Ovidio, Renato/A-4379-2014; Masci, Stefania/B-6690-2013; OI D'Ovidio, Renato/0000-0001-8530-5898; Masci, Stefania/0000-0003-2857-4498; Scossa, Federico/0000-0002-6233-1679 NR 32 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 12 IS 3 BP 209 EP 222 DI 10.1023/A:1026346823301 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 737AH UT WOS:000186206100003 ER PT J AU Choi, BK Chitwood, DJ Paik, YK AF Choi, BK Chitwood, DJ Paik, YK TI Proteomic changes during disturbance of cholesterol metabolism by azacoprostane treatment in Caenorhabditis elegans SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article ID LEMLI-OPITZ-SYNDROME; 7-DEHYDROCHOLESTEROL REDUCTASE GENE; STEROL-METABOLISM; VIT-2 PROMOTER; BIOSYNTHESIS; MUTATIONS; NEMATODE; PROTEIN; BINDING; DELTA(24)-REDUCTASE AB Although nematodes like Caenorhabditis elegans are incapable of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis, they can utilize nonfunctional sterols by converting them into cholesterol and other sterols for cellular function. The results reported previously and presented here suggest that blocking of sterol conversion to cholesterol in C. elegans by 25-azacoprostane-HCl (azacoprostane) treatment causes a serious defect in germ cell development, growth, cuticle development, and motility behavior. To establish a biochemical basis for these physiological abnormalities, we performed proteomic analysis of mixed stage worms that had been treated with the drug. Our results from a differential display proteomic analysis revealed significant decreases in the levels of proteins involved in collagen and cytoskeleton organization such as protein disulfide isomerase (6.7-fold), beta-tubulin (5.41-fold), and NEX-1 protein (> 30-fold). Also reduced were enzymes involved in energy production such as phosphoglycerate kinase (4.8-fold) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (8.5-fold), a target for antifilarial drugs such as azacoprostane. In particular, reductions in the expression of lipoprotein families such as vitellogenin-2 (7.7-fold) and vitellogenin-6 (5.4-fold) were prominent in the drug-treated worms, indicating that sterol metabolism disturbance caused by azacoprostane treatment is tightly coupled with suppression of the lipid transfer-related proteins at the protein level. However, competitive quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed that the transcriptional levels of vit-2, vit-6, and their receptors (e.g. rme-2 and lrp-1) in drug-treated worms were 3- to 5-fold higher than those in the untreated group, suggesting a presence of a sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-like pathway in these genes. In fact, multiple predicted sterol regulatory elements or related regulatory sequences responding to sterols were found to be located at the 5'-flanking regions in vit-2 and lrp-1 genes, and their transcriptional activities fluctuated highly in response to changes in sterol concentration. Thus, many physiological abnormalities caused by azacoprostane-mediated sterol metabolism disturbance appear to be exerted at least in part through SREBP pathway in C. elegans. C1 Yonsei Univ, Dept Biochem, Yonsei Proteome Res Ctr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Biomed Proteome Res Ctr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Paik, YK (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Biochem, Yonsei Proteome Res Ctr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. NR 38 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 2 IS 10 BP 1086 EP 1095 DI 10.1074/mcp.M300036-MCP200 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 736TV UT WOS:000186190000004 PM 12904448 ER PT J AU Li, L Lu, S O'Halloran, DM Garvin, DF Vrebalov, J AF Li, L Lu, S O'Halloran, DM Garvin, DF Vrebalov, J TI High-resolution genetic and physical mapping of the cauliflower high-beta-carotene gene Or (Orange) SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE BAC library; carotenoids; cauliflower; (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis); genetic and physical mapping; Or gene ID ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME LIBRARY; TOMATO FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT; BRASSICA-OLERACEA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; COMPARATIVE MAP; BIOSYNTHESIS; CONSTRUCTION; CLONING; PLANTS; IDENTIFICATION AB Mutation in the cauliflower gene Or causes high levels of beta-carotene to accumulate in various tissues of the plant that are normally devoid of carotenoids. To decipher the molecular basis by which Or regulates carotenoid accumulation, we have undertaken the isolation of Or by a map-based cloning strategy. Two previously isolated, locus-specific, sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers that flank Or were employed for the analysis of a large segregating population consisting of 1632 F-2 individuals, and a high-resolution genetic linkage map of the Or locus region was developed. To facilitate positional cloning, we constructed a cauliflower genomic library in a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vector, using high molecular weight DNA from Or homozygotes. The BAC library comprises 60,288 clones with an average insert size of 110 kb, and represents an estimated 10-fold coverage of the genome. A BAC contig encompassing the Or locus was established by screening the library with a marker that is closely linked to Or and by identifying overlapping BAC clones by chromosome walking. Physical mapping delimited the Or locus to a 50-kb DNA fragment within a single BAC clone, which corresponds to a genetic interval of 0.3 cM. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Lu, Shan/C-1977-2008; Lu, Shan/C-3530-2012 OI Lu, Shan/0000-0002-9358-6121 NR 41 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD OCT PY 2003 VL 270 IS 2 BP 132 EP 138 DI 10.1007/s00438-003-0904-5 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 742XC UT WOS:000186542500004 PM 12908106 ER PT J AU Anand, A Schmelz, EA Muthukrishnan, S AF Anand, A Schmelz, EA Muthukrishnan, S TI Development of a lesion-mimic phenotype in a transgenic wheat line overexpressing genes for pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins is dependent on salicylic acid concentration SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE programmed cell death ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; DISEASE RESISTANCE; JASMONIC ACID; CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION; ENHANCED RESISTANCE; DEFENSE RESPONSES; TOBACCO PLANTS; TOMATO PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS AB In the course of coexpressing genes for pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins for a class IV chitinase and an acidic glucanase in transgenic wheat plants, we regenerated a wheat line that developed necrotic lesions containing dead cells in the T-2 and subsequent generations. Lesion spots were detected at the booting stage (5- to 6-week-old plants) in lines homozygous for the transgene loci. In contrast, lesions were not observed in hemizygous transgenic lines or lines silenced for transgene expression, indicating a requirement for high levels of transgene expression for the development of the lesioned phenotype. Lesion development was associated with the accumulation of host-encoded PR proteins, e.g., chitinases, beta-1,3-glucanases, thaumatin-like protein, and production of reactive oxygen intermediates. F-1 progeny of a cross between the lesion-plus transgenic line and wild-type nontransgenic plants produced progeny with a normal phenotype, while the F-2 progenies segregated for the lesion phenotype. Salicylic acid (SA) levels in plants with the lesion-plus phenotype were found to be several times higher than controls and nearly double the levels in hemizygous transgenic plants that lack lesions. SA application activated lesion development in excised leaf pieces of these hemizygous transgenic plants. Similar activation of lesion development in control plants occurred only when high concentrations of SA were applied for prolonged periods. Transcripts for phenylalanine-ammonia lyase, which provides precursors of SA, were elevated in homozygous transgenic plants. Our data suggest that transgene-induced lesion-mimic phenotype correlates with enhanced SA biosynthesis. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, CMAVE Chem, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Muthukrishnan, S (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 63 TC 24 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 16 IS 10 BP 916 EP 925 DI 10.1094/MPMI.2003.16.10.916 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 722MG UT WOS:000185378700008 PM 14558693 ER PT J AU Dunham, SM O'Dell, TE Molina, R AF Dunham, SM O'Dell, TE Molina, R TI Analysis of nrDNA sequences and microsatellite allele frequencies reveals a cryptic chanterelle species Cantharellus cascadensis sp nov from the American Pacific Northwest SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CERATOCYSTIS-COERULESCENS COMPLEX; PATHOGEN COCCIDIOIDES-IMMITIS; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS; NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; CENOCOCCUM-GEOPHILUM; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; CONFIDENCE-LIMITS; GENE GENEALOGIES; RDNA SEQUENCES AB In the Pacific Northwest, yellow chanterelles have long been referred to as Cantharellus cibarius, synonymous with the European yellow chanterelle. Broad scale genetic surveys of North American chanterelles with C. cibarius-like morphology have demonstrated that the nrDNA internal transcribed spacer exhibits length variability, suggesting that this common morphology masks a species complex. Recently researchers have used morphological and genetic data to identify the yellow chanterelle most frequently harvested from American Pacific Northwest forests as C. formosus, a species once thought to be rare in the region. We present three genetic data sets and one morphological data set that characterize a previously undescribed, species of yellow chanterelle from the central Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Phylogenetic analyses of the nrDNA large subunit and ITS regions show that C. cascadensis sp. nov., along with two other yellow chanterelle taxa (C. cibarius var. roseocanus and European C. cibarius), are more closely related to white chanterelles (C. subalbidus) than they are to C. formosus. Data from five microsatellite loci provide evidence that C. formosus, C. subalbidus, and C. cascadensis sp. nov. do not interbreed when they co-occur spatially and temporally in Douglas fir-western hemlock forests. This demonstrates that these three sympatric chanterelles are biological species with boundaries congruent with those delineated by nrDNA phylogenetic clades. Morphological data indicate that the colour of the pileus and shape of the stipe can be used to separate fresh collections of the two yellow species now known to co-occur in Douglas fir-western hemlock forests in Oregon. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dunham, SM (reprint author), Albertson Coll Idaho, Biol Dept, 2112 Cleveland Blvd, Caldwell, ID 83605 USA. EM SDunham@albertson.edu NR 77 TC 27 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 107 BP 1163 EP 1177 DI 10.1017/S0953756203008475 PN 10 PG 15 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 746TY UT WOS:000186764800006 PM 14635765 ER PT J AU Barrow, JR AF Barrow, JR TI Atypical morphology of dark septate fungal root endophytes of Bouteloua in arid southwestern USA rangelands SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE arid; carbon; endophyte; mucilage; mutualism ID ATRIPLEX-CANESCENS; FOURWING SALTBUSH; SOIL; COLONIZATION; PLANTS; CYANOBACTERIA; INFECTION AB Native grasses of semi-arid rangelands of the southwestern USA are more extensively colonized by dark septate endophytes (DSE) than by traditional mycorrhizal fungi. Roots of dominant grasses (Bouteloua sp.) native to arid southwestern USA rangelands were prepared and stained using stains specific for fungi (trypan blue) and for lipids (sudan IV). This revealed extensive internal colonization of physiologically active roots by atypical fungal structures that appear to function as protoplasts, without a distinguishable wall or with very thin hyaline walls that escape detection by methods staining specifically for fungal chitin. These structures were presumed to be active fungal stages that progressed to form stained or melanized septate hyphae and microsclerotia characteristic of DSE fungi within dormant roots. The most conspicuous characteristic of these fungi were the unique associations that formed within sieve elements and the accumulation of massive quantities of lipids. This interface suggests a biologically significant location for carbon transfer between the plant and fungus. The continuous intimate association with all sieve elements, cortical and epidermal cells as well as external extension on the root surface and into the soil indicates that they are systemic and considerably more prevalent than previously thought. A fungal network associated with a mucilaginous complex observed on the root surface and its potential role in root function in dry soil is discussed. It is suggested that those fungi that non-pathogenically and totally colonize plant cells be classed as systemic endophytic fungi (SEF). This would refine the broad designation of DSE fungi. The potential mutualistic benefit of SEF for native plants in arid ecosystems based on the extent of lipid accumulation and its apparent distribution is discussed. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Barrow, JR (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER,POB 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 34 TC 87 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD OCT PY 2003 VL 13 IS 5 BP 239 EP 247 DI 10.1007/s00572-003-0222-0 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 738HE UT WOS:000186280200001 PM 14593517 ER PT J AU Hansen, EM Reeser, PW Davidson, JM Garbelotto, M Ivors, K Douhan, L Rizzo, DM AF Hansen, EM Reeser, PW Davidson, JM Garbelotto, M Ivors, K Douhan, L Rizzo, DM TI Phytophthora nemorosa, a new species causing cankers and leaf blight of forest trees in California and Oregon, USA SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE Phytophthora ramorum; Phytophthora ilicis; Lithocarpus densiflorus; Quercus agrifolia; Umbellularia californica ID OAK FORESTS; SP NOV.; RAMORUM AB Phytophthora nemorosa, a new species isolated from stem cankers on two species of Fagaceae and leaves of various hosts, is described. The new species resembles P. ilicis with homothallic, arnphigynous antheridia and deciduous, semi-papillate sporangia, and has a related ITS-DNA sequence. Symptoms and host range are similar to P. ramorum, cause of Sudden Oak Death and leaf blight and shoot dieback diseases in California and Oregon forests, although P. nemorosa does not appear to cause wide-spread mortality of oak trees. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDS Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Hansen, EM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 16 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD OCT-DEC PY 2003 VL 88 BP 129 EP 138 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 748GW UT WOS:000186855000013 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AJ Hobbs, MS AF Mitchell, AJ Hobbs, MS TI Effect of citric acid, copper sulfate concentration, and temperature on a pond shoreline treatment for control of the marsh rams-horn snail Planorbella trivolvis and the potential toxicity of the treatment to channel catfish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT AB Tests were run to determine whether any refinements were warranted in an established copper sulfate-citric acid pond shoreline treatment (Environmental Protection Agency registration number 1278-8) for aquatic marsh rams-horn snails Planorbella trivolvis. The treatments applied in these studies consisted of two levels (full and half) of copper sulfate (CuSO4; 589 and 294.5 g) with and without citric acid (CA; 58.9 and 0 g) that were delivered in a 2-m swath 10-m length of shoreline. In research ponds, shoreline treatments without CA were significantly more effective against the snails than the treatments with CA. The full CuSO4 treatment without CA was significantly more effective than the half treatment without CA at all temperatures tested below 35degreesC. There was a significant reduction in the effectiveness of the full treatment without CA at 17 +/- 0.5degreesC (40% snail survival), while snail survival (average, 3.2%) in the trials run at 21.5, 23, 26, and 35degreesC was not significantly different from each other. When applied to the perimeter of 0.41-ha research ponds (ponds smaller than recommended for the shoreline treatment), the full CuSO4 treatment with CA was found to be significantly more toxic to channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus over a 120-h period at 31degreesC (<35% survival) than at 28degreesC (>95% survival, which was similar to that of the control). It was also more toxic than an application of the same amount of CuSO4 without CA at 31degreesC. The study indicates that the most effective pond shoreline treatment (589 g Of CuSO4 without CA applied in a 2-m swath over a 10-m length of shoreline) should be administered in water with a temperature of at least 21degreesC. C1 USDA ARS, HK Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, HK Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 65 IS 4 BP 306 EP 313 DI 10.1577/C02-057 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 738JL UT WOS:000186283400005 ER PT J AU Small, BC Wolters, WR AF Small, BC Wolters, WR TI Hydrogen peroxide treatment during egg incubation improves channel catfish hatching success SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article AB Three trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment on the hatching success of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus when administered during egg incubation as a 15-min bath or as a flow-through treatment. In the first trial, initial treatment with 100 mg povidone iodine/L followed by daily 15-min baths of 250 mg H2O2/L yielded a 26% increase (P < 0.05) in hatching success above controls. In the second trial, daily 15-min baths with H2O2 (250 mg/L) yielded a 30% increase (P < 0.05) in hatching success compared with povidone-iodine-treated controls and significantly improved hatching success compared with formalin-treated (1,600 mg/L) eggs. In the third trial, hydrogen peroxide was administered in flow-through hatching troughs. Egg masses treated with 70 mg H2O2/L had significantly improved (P < 0.05) hatching success compared with untreated controls (68.3% and 24.2%, respectively). The results of this research show that significant improvements in channel catfish hatching success can be obtained through the use of hydrogen peroxide as a cost-effective alternative to formalin. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Small, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 65 IS 4 BP 314 EP 317 DI 10.1577/C02-048 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 738JL UT WOS:000186283400006 ER PT J AU Stout, WL AF Stout, WL TI Effect of urine volume on nitrate leaching in the northeast USA SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE grassland; grazing; groundwater; nitrate; orchardgrass; urine; water quality ID CATTLE URINE; NITROGEN; GRASSLAND; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; LYSIMETER; PASTURE; SWARD AB To investigate how the urine volume (i.e. size of cow) affects how much NO3-N is leached from a urine deposition in the climatic conditions of the northeast USA, a field study using large drainage lysimeters to measure NO3-N leaching loss from synthetic urine applied in spring, summer and fall in 1-, 2-, and 3-l volumes to an orchardgrass (Dactyls glomerata L., c.v. 'Pennlate') sward was conducted from April 1997 to March 1999. The study site was located in central Pennsylvania on a Hagerstown silt loam soil (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf). It was found that increasing urine volume increased the amount of urine N leached but had no significant effect on the apparent percent of urine N leached. The apparent percent of urine N leached was 25% averaged over all treatment times and volumes and was 21% for spring and summer applied urine and 32% for fall applied urine. C1 ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, USDA, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Stout, WL (reprint author), ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, USDA, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 67 IS 2 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1023/A:1025565502043 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 717DD UT WOS:000185069600010 ER PT J AU Lukaski, HC Siders, WA AF Lukaski, HC Siders, WA TI Validity and accuracy of regional bioelectrical impedance devices to determine whole-body fatness SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE human; body composition; dual x-ray absorptiometry; fat percentage ID BIOIMPEDANCE ANALYSIS; MUSCLE VOLUME; TO-LEG; MASS; CHILDREN; ARM AB OBJECTIVE: Growing emphasis on obesity as a risk factor for chronic diseases and commercial availability of impedance devices for the at-home assessment of body fatness have stimulated the need for a critical evaluation of the validity of these instruments. This study determined the reproducibility and accuracy of two commercial impedance devices that use upper (hand-to-hand) or lower (foot-to-foot) body contact electrode placements in adults with a wide range of body fatness. METHODS: Body composition was assessed with dual x-ray absorptiometry in apparently healthy adults (62 women and 48 men) ages 21 to 60 y, with a range in body mass index of 18.6 to 40.5 kg/m(2). Variability in body fatness predicted with the regional body impedance devices was determined in 10 adults on 5 consecutive d. A 50-kHz, tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance plethysmograph with surface electrode placements on the upper and lower limbs was used to determine reference regional and whole-body impedance values. RESULTS: Variability in body mass (1%) over 5 d was less than body fatness predicted with the upper (2-10%) and lower (3-5%) body devices. Regional and whole-body impedance values were different (P < 0.05) in the women, whereas upper and lower body values were lower (P < 0.05) than whole-body impedance in the men. Dual x-ray absorptiometric determinations of body fatness were similar to predictions based on models derived from physical characteristics (age, stature, body mass, and sex) but significantly different (P < 0.05) from estimates from the impedance devices, which underestimated body fatness. Bias in predictions of body fatness with the regional devices was systematically (P < 0.0001) related to body fatness. CONCLUSION: Use of regional impedance devices to assess body fatness is limited by a lack of precision and accuracy. (C)Elsevier Inc 2003. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Lukaski, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Box 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM hlukaski@gfhnrc.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD OCT PY 2003 VL 19 IS 10 BP 851 EP 857 DI 10.1016/S0899-9007(03)00166-7 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 733WZ UT WOS:000186024800007 PM 14559320 ER PT J AU Liston, A Wilson, BL Robinson, WA Doescher, PS Harris, NR Svejcar, T AF Liston, A Wilson, BL Robinson, WA Doescher, PS Harris, NR Svejcar, T TI The relative importance of sexual reproduction versus clonal spread in an aridland bunchgrass SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE allozyme; Festuca idahoensis; Idaho fescue; inter-simple sequence repeat; intermountain grassland ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE; SIMPLE-SEQUENCE REPEATS; FESTUCA-RUBRA; SCHIZACHYRIUM-SCOPARIUM; MOUNTAIN GRASSLAND; DIVERSITY; POACEAE; RAPD; PLANT AB Festuca idahoensis (Idaho fescue) is a perennial caespitose grass, common in semi-arid rangelands of the Intermountain West. To determine how individuals are recruited into a population, we studied two long-term monitoring plots that were established in 1937 at the Northern Great Basin Experimental Range in southeastern Oregon. The plots measured 3.05x3.05 m, and were located approximately 30 m apart. One plot was ungrazed, the other was subject to moderate levels of cattle grazing. The number of F. idahoensis plants in both plots increased ten-fold between 1937 and 1996, but whether this was due primarily to reproduction by seed or clonal fragmentation was unknown. In 1996, we mapped and sampled 160 plants of F. idahoensis. We used dominant inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers and codominant allozyme markers in order to identify genetic individuals and measure genetic diversity. Both plots were characterized by high levels of genetic and clonal diversity. When information from ISSRs, allozymes and sample location were combined, 126 genets were recognized, each consisting of one to four samples (ramets). By measuring the diameter of clones surrounding plants that were present in 1937, we estimated that clonal spread occurred at a rate of approximately 3.7 cm per decade, and thus was of secondary importance in the maintenance and increase of F. idahoensis stands. Sexual reproduction, rather than clonal fragmentation, accounted for most of the recruitment of new plants into these plots. The grazed plot had fewer ramets, genotypes, and clones than the ungrazed plot, but the ramets were significantly larger. Levels of genetic diversity did not differ in the grazed and ungrazed plots, but there was some evidence for a small, but significant level of genetic differentiation between the two. The results also indicate that F. idahoensis has the potential to be a long-lived species with some individuals persisting in excess of 60 years. This study demonstrates how long-term monitoring can be supplemented by genetic analysis to obtain detailed information on the population dynamics of plants. In the case of this community dominant species, this provides essential information for understanding succession and developing management and restoration strategies. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM listona@science.oregonstate.edu NR 67 TC 19 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD OCT PY 2003 VL 137 IS 2 BP 216 EP 225 DI 10.1007/s00442-003-1332-2 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 726MF UT WOS:000185602300008 PM 12898380 ER PT J AU Sunehag, AL AF Sunehag, AL TI The role of parenteral lipids in supporting gluconeogenesis in very premature infants SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPOMER DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; GLUCOSE-PRODUCTION; NEONATAL HYPOGLYCEMIA; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH; HUMAN NEWBORN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; DEFINITION; METABOLISM; TURNOVER AB We have previously demonstrated that very premature infants receiving glucose at 17 mumol/kg min plus appropriate supply of parenteral lipids (Intralipid) and amino acids (TrophAmine(R)) maintained normoglycemia by glucose produced primarily via gluconeogenesis. The present study addressed the individual roles of parenteral lipids and amino acids in supporting gluconeogenesis. Fourteen premature infants (993 +/- 36 g 27 +/- 1 wk) (mean SE) were studied for 8 h on d5 +/- 1 of life. All infants were receiving standard TPN prior to the study. At start of study, the glucose infusion rate was decreased to similar to17 mumol/kg min and either Intralipid(R) (g + AA; n = 8) or TrophAmine(R) (g + IL; n = 6) was discontinued. Data from 14 previously studied infants receiving glucose (similar to17 mumol/kg min) + TrophAmine(R) + Intralipid(R) (g + AA + IL) are included for comparison. Gluconeogenesis was measured by [U-C-13]glucose, (g + AA) and (8 infants of the g + AA + IL group) or [2-C-13]glycerol, (g + IL) and (6 infants of the g + AA + IL group). Infants studied by the same method were compared. Withdrawal of Intralipid(R) resulted in decreased gluconeogenesis, 6.3 +/- 0.9 (g +AA) vs. 8.4 +/- 0.7 mumol/kg min (g + AA + IL) (p = 0.03). Withdrawal of TrophAmine(R) affected neither total gluconeogenesis, 7.5 +/- 0.8 vs. 7.9 +/- 0.9 mumol/kg min nor gluconeogenesis from glycerol, 4.4 +/- 0.6 vs. 4.9 +/- 0.7 mumol/kg min (g + IL and g + AA + IL groups, respectively). In conclusion, in parenterally fed very premature infants, lipids play a primary role in supporting gluconeogenesis. C1 USDA, ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Sunehag, AL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD 37857]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK 55478] NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 54 IS 4 BP 480 EP 486 DI 10.1203/01.PDR.0000081298.06751.76 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 725QH UT WOS:000185553500010 PM 12815113 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ AF Nachman, RJ TI Invertebrate neuropeptides IV - Introduction SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2881 F-B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD OCT PY 2003 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1455 EP 1456 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2003.10.007 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 765GP UT WOS:000188259000001 ER PT J AU Predel, R Russell, WK Tichy, SE Russell, DH Nachman, RJ AF Predel, R Russell, WK Tichy, SE Russell, DH Nachman, RJ TI Mass spectrometric analysis of putative capa-gene products in Musca domestica and Neobellieria bullata SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Invertebrate Neuropeptide Conference 2003 (INC 2003) CY FEB 09-13, 2003 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA DE Musca domestica; Neobellieria bullata; CAP(2b); periviscerokinin; perisympathetic organs; mass spectrometry; insect neuropeptide ID PERISYMPATHETIC ORGANS; INSECTS; PEPTIDE; PERIVISCEROKININS; IDENTIFICATION; NEUROPEPTIDE; CAP(2B); SYSTEM; PVK AB Neuropeptides of the capa-gene are typical of the abdominal neurosecretory system of insects. In this study, we investigated these peptides in two widely distributed and large pest flies, namely Musca domestica and Neobellieria bullata. Using a combination of MALDI-TOF and ESI-QTOF mass spectrometry, periviscerokinins and a pyrokinin were analyzed from single perisympathetic organ preparations. The species-specific peptide sequences differ remarkably between the related dipteran species. These differences could make it possible to develop peptide-analogs with group- or species-specific efficacy. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Lab Biol Mass Spectrometry, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Res Grp Jena, Saxonian Acad Sci, D-07743 Jena, Germany. RP Predel, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res, 2881 F-B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM b6prre@pan.zoo.uni-jena.de; nachman@tamu.edu RI Predel, Reinhard/O-5243-2015; Russell, David/C-3618-2015 OI Russell, David/0000-0003-0830-3914 NR 14 TC 25 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD OCT PY 2003 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1487 EP 1491 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2003.06.009 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 765GP UT WOS:000188259000005 PM 14706527 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ Coast, GM Douat, C Fehrentz, JA Kaczmarek, K Zabrocki, J Pryor, NW Martinez, J AF Nachman, RJ Coast, GM Douat, C Fehrentz, JA Kaczmarek, K Zabrocki, J Pryor, NW Martinez, J TI A C-terminal aldehyde insect kinin analog enhances inhibition of weight gain and induces significant mortality in Helicoverpa zea larvae SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Invertebrate Neuropeptide Conference 2003 (INC 2003) CY FEB 09-13, 2003 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA DE insect neuropeptide; corn earworm; cricket; diuresis; pest management ID NEUROPEPTIDE FAMILY; ACHETA-DOMESTICUS; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; DIURETIC ACTIVITY; HOUSE CRICKET; CONFORMATION; PEPTIDES; IDENTIFICATION; ENZYME AB The first reported examples of C-terminal aldehyde analogs of an insect neuropeptide are described. They are hexapeptide insect kinin analogs Boc-VFFPWG-H and Fmoc-RFFPWG-H. Activity observed for these modified analogs in an in vitro insect diuretic assay confirms that the C-terminal aldehyde group is tolerated by an insect kinin receptor. The two analogs demonstrate greatly enhanced activity over standard C-terminal amide insect kinins in a larval weight gain inhibition assay in the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea. Treatment with Boc-VFFPWG-H led to significant increases in larval mortality at doses of 500 pm (45%) and 5 nm (67%). Boc-VFFPWG-H represents a lead analog in the development of novel, environmentally friendly pest insect management agents based on the insect kinin class of neuropeptides. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London WC1E 7HX, England. Tech Univ Lodz, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. Fac Pharm Montpellier, Lab Amino Acides Peptides & Prot, Montpellier, France. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res, 2881 F-B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu RI Kaczmarek, Krzysztof/H-5741-2012; Douat, Celine/H-8671-2013; OI Douat, Celine/0000-0003-2678-1047; Martinez, Jean/0000-0002-9267-4621 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD OCT PY 2003 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1615 EP 1621 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2003.06.008 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 765GP UT WOS:000188259000019 PM 14706541 ER PT J AU Argenta, LC Krammes, JG Megguer, CA Amarante, CVT Mattheis, J AF Argenta, LC Krammes, JG Megguer, CA Amarante, CVT Mattheis, J TI Ripening and quality of 'Laetitia' plums following harvest and cold storage as affected by inhibition of ethylene action SO PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA BRASILEIRA LA English DT Article DE Prunus salicina; fruit pulps; firmness; shelf life; fruit; colour ID JAPANESE TYPE PLUMS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-CHANGES; 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE; RESPONSES; PROPYLENE; APRICOTS; PEACHES; FRUIT; LIFE AB The inhibition of ethylene action by 1-methylcyclopropene (1 -MCP) extends shelf and storage life of many climacteric fruits. However, I -MCP appears to have limited effects on stone fruit depending on specie and cultivar. The effects of 1-MCP on ripening and quality of 'Laetitia' plums were determined during ripening at 23degreesC following harvest and cold storage. Japanese plums (Prunus, cv, Laetitia) were harvested at mature pre-climacteric stage, cooled to 2degreesC within 36 hours of harvest and then treated with 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 or 1.00 muL L-1 of 1-MCP at 1degreesC for 24 hours. Following treatment, fruits were either held at 23degreesC for 16 days or stored at 1degreesC for 50 days. Fruits were removed from cold storage at I O-day intervals and allowed to ripe at 23degreesC for five days. A delay of climacteric respiration and ethylene production by I -MCP treatment during ripening following harvest and cold storage was associated to a slow rate of fruit softening. 1-MCP treatment also delayed the loss of titratable acidity and changes of flesh and skin color, whereas it had little or no effect on soluble solids content. 1 -MCP effects were concentration and storage duration-dependent and, generally, a saturation fruit response to 1-MCP occurred between 0.5 and 1.0 muL L-1. During ripening, 1-MCP treated fruits attained quality similar to that of controls. Results indicated that 1-MCP treatment may extend shelf life (23degreesC) and storage life (1degreesC) of 'Laetitia' plums by approximately six and 20 days, respectively. C1 Empresa Pesquisa Agropecuaria & Extensao Rural Sa, Estacao Expt Cacador, BR-89500000 Cacador, SC, Brazil. Univ Estado Santa Catarina, Ctr Ciencias Agrovet, BR-88502970 Lages, SC, Brazil. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Argenta, LC (reprint author), Empresa Pesquisa Agropecuaria & Extensao Rural Sa, Estacao Expt Cacador, Caixa Postal 591, BR-89500000 Cacador, SC, Brazil. RI Amarante, Cassandro/C-4020-2013; Megguer, Clarice/L-1152-2013 OI Amarante, Cassandro/0000-0003-3448-734X; NR 31 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU EMPRESA BRASIL PESQ AGROPEC PI BRASILIA PA EMBRAPA-SPI-PAB SAIN-PARQUE RURAL NORTE, CAIXA POSTAL 04 0315, 70770-901 BRASILIA, BRAZIL SN 0100-204X J9 PESQUI AGROPECU BRAS JI Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 38 IS 10 BP 1139 EP 1148 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 748KB UT WOS:000186860100002 ER PT J AU Napier, B AF Napier, B TI National geospatial preparedness for all-hazard emergency management SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB The emergency management and response mission area is an important pillar of homeland security that could be strengthened through the improved application of geospatial information tools, and technologies. In times of crisis, first responders of all disciplines rely on continuous streams of detailed and updated information to effectively respond to disasters and speed recovery In particular, geospatial information facilitates informed decisions and improves communication throughout the emergency response community. While geospatial information and technologies are integrated into the emergency response mechanisms in a number of cities, counties, and states, much work remains to be done to improve the overall status of national preparedness. For our Nation to improve geospatial capabilities in support of emergency preparedness and homeland security, Federal and other levels of government need to coordinate their efforts and improve access to information. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) established the Interagency Geospatial Preparedness Team (IGPT) to facilitate these efforts. The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) The National Map will be a key enabler of national geospatial preparedness. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Interagcy Geospaital Preparedness Team, Fed Emergency Management Agcy, Washington, DC 20472 USA. RP Napier, B (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Interagcy Geospaital Preparedness Team, Fed Emergency Management Agcy, 500 C St SW, Washington, DC 20472 USA. EM barry.napier@fema.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 69 IS 10 BP 1137 EP 1139 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 817RI UT WOS:000221194200009 ER PT J AU Rascoe, J Berg, M Melcher, U Mitchell, FL Bruton, BD Pair, SD Fletcher, J AF Rascoe, J Berg, M Melcher, U Mitchell, FL Bruton, BD Pair, SD Fletcher, J TI Identification, phylogenetic analysis, and biological characterization of Serratia marcescens strains causing cucurbit yellow vine disease SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cantaloupe; Enterobacteriaceae; niche-adaptation; opportunistic pathogen; phloem-resident bacterium; squash; watermelon; zucchini ID GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; PLANT-GROWTH; CROWN ROT; CUCUMBER; DNA; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; ASSOCIATION; BACTERIUM; INDUCTION AB A serious vine decline of cucurbits known as cucurbit yellow vine disease (CYVD) is caused by rod-shaped bacteria that colonize the phloem elements. Sequence analysis of a CYVD-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified 16S rDNA product showed the microbe to be a gamma-proteobacterium related to the genus Serratia. To identify and characterize the bacteria, one strain each from watermelon and zucchini and several noncucurbit-derived reference strains were subjected to sequence analysis and biological function assays. Taxonomic and phylogenetic placement was investigated by analysis of the groE and 16S rDNA regions, which were amplified by PCR and directly sequenced. For comparison, eight other bacterial strains, identified by others as Serratia spp. also were sequenced. These sequences clearly identified the CYVD strains as Serratia marcescens. However, evaluation of metabolic and biochemical features revealed that cucurbit-derived strains of S. marcescens differ substantially from strains of the same species isolated from other environmental niches. Cucurbit strains formed a distinct cluster, separate from other strains, when their fatty acid methyl ester profiles were analyzed. In substrate utilization assays (BIOLOG, Vitek, and API 20E), the CYVD strains lacked a number of metabolic functions characteristic for S. marcescens, failing to catabolize 25 to 30 compounds; that were utilized by S. marcescens reference strains. These biological differences may reflect gene loss or repression that Occurred as the bacterium adapted to life as an intracellular parasite and plant pathogen. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. USDA ARS, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Fletcher, J (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RI Melcher, Ulrich/E-7160-2010 NR 47 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2003 VL 93 IS 10 BP 1233 EP 1239 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.10.1233 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 724AZ UT WOS:000185465300006 PM 18944322 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Weyant, R Steigerwalt, AG White, LA Melcher, U Bruton, BD Pair, SD Mitchell, FL Fletcher, J AF Zhang, Q Weyant, R Steigerwalt, AG White, LA Melcher, U Bruton, BD Pair, SD Mitchell, FL Fletcher, J TI Genotyping of Serratia marcescens strains associated with cucurbit yellow vine disease by repetitive elements-based polymerase chain reaction and DNA-DNA hybridization SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PCR; BACTERIUM; SQUASH; CROWN AB The bacterium that causes cucurbit yellow vine disease (CYVD) has been placed in the species Serratia marcescens based on 16S rDNA and groE sequence analysis. However, phenotypic comparison of the organism with S. marcescens strains isolated from a variety of ecological niches showed significant heterogeneity. In this study, we compared the genomic DNA of S. marcescens strains from different niches as well as type strains of other Serratia spp. through repetitive elements-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) and DNA-DNA hybridization. With the former, CYVD strains showed identical banding patterns despite the fact that they were from different cucurbit hosts, geographic locations, and years of isolation. In the phylogenetic trees generated from rep-PCR banding patterns, CYVD strains clearly were differentiated from other strains but formed a loosely related group with S. marcescens strains from other niches. The homogeneity of CYVD strains was supported further by the DNA relatedness study, in that labeled DNA from the cantaloupe isolate, C01-A, showed an average relative binding ratio (RBR) of 99%, and 0.33% divergence to other CYVD strains. Used as a representative strain of CYVD, the labeled C01-A had a RBR of 76%, and a 4.5% divergence to the S. marcescens type strain. These data confirm the previous placement of CYVD strains in S. marcescens. Our investigations, including rep-PCR, DNA-DNA hybridization, and previous phenotyping experiments, have demonstrated that CYVD-associated strains of S. marcescens cluster together in a group significantly different from other strains of the species. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. RP Fletcher, J (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RI Melcher, Ulrich/E-7160-2010 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2003 VL 93 IS 10 BP 1240 EP 1246 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.10.1240 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 724AZ UT WOS:000185465300007 PM 18944323 ER PT J AU Gabler, FM Smilanick, JL Mansour, M Ramming, DW Mackey, BE AF Gabler, FM Smilanick, JL Mansour, M Ramming, DW Mackey, BE TI Correlations of morphological, anatomical, and chemical features of grape berries with resistance to Botrytis cinerea SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES; VITIS-VINIFERA; PHYTOALEXIN RESVERATROL; STILBENE PHYTOALEXINS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; GREY MOLD; FRUIT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ELICITATION AB Resistance of mature berries of grapevine cultivars and selections to postharvest infection by Botrytis cinerea was assessed. Little or no resistance existed in most popular table grape Vitis vinifera cultivars, except in moderately resistant 'Emperor' and 'Autumn Black'. Highly resistant,rapes were V rotundifolia, V labrusco, or other complex hybrids. Morphological, anatomical, and chemical characteristics of 42 genetically diverse cultivars and selections with various levels of resistance to B. cinerea were examined to determine which features were associated with resistance. We quantified the (i) density of berries within a Cluster: (ii) number of pores and lenticels on the berry surface (iii) thickness and number of cell layers in the epidermis and external hypodermis (iv) amount of cuticle and wax; (v) berry skin protein content (vi) total phenolic content of the skin before and after B. cinerea inoculation; and (vii) catechin and trans- and cis-resveratrol contents of the skill before and after inoculation. The number of pores was negatively correlated with resistance. Highly resistant cultivars had few or no pores in the berry surface. The number and thickness of epidermal and hypodermal cell layers and Cuticle and wax contents were positively correlated with resistance. Other characteristics evaluated were not associated with resistance. trans-Resveratrol and cis-resveratrol were induced by B. cinerea inoculation only in sensitive and moderately resistant cultivars and selections. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Inst Adriat Crops, Split 21000, Croatia. Menofiya Univ, Dept Hort, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Biometr Serv, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Smilanick, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverband Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 53 TC 65 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 2003 VL 93 IS 10 BP 1263 EP 1273 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.10.1263 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 724AZ UT WOS:000185465300010 PM 18944326 ER PT J AU Kokalis-Burelle, N AF Kokalis-Burelle, N TI Effects of transplant type, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, and soil treatment on growth and yield of strawberry in Florida SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE biological control; Fragaria x ananassa; methyl bromide; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria; soil fumigants; strawberry ID METHYL-BROMIDE; FUMIGATION; CHLOROPICRIN; PERFORMANCE; RESISTANCE; TOMATO; WILT AB The effects of transplant type and soil treatment on growth and yield of strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) produced in annual hill culture were evaluated for three years in Florida field trials. 'Sweet Charlie' and 'Camarosa' strawberry transplants were propagated as bare root, plug, and plugs amended with a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) treatment, LS213. The transplant treatments were evaluated in combination with methyl bromide, 1, 3-dichloropropene ( Telone II), an unregistered iodine-based compound (Plantpro 45), and untreated soil. 'Camarosa' plugs amended with LS213 had higher overall yields than bare root transplants in all three years. Both 'Camarosa' and ` Sweet Charlie' plug and LS213 plug plants produced yields approximately two weeks earlier than bare root transplants in all years. Regardless of transplant type, and in both consecutive years of Plantpro 45 and Telone application, treatment with Plantpro 45 resulted in smaller and less healthy root systems than other soil treatments, and treatment with Telone resulted in yields comparable to methyl bromide. C1 ARS, USDA, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Kokalis-Burelle, N (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 2003 VL 256 IS 2 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1023/A:1026124828038 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 732AR UT WOS:000185919100004 ER PT J AU Angle, JS Baker, AJM Whiting, SN Chaney, RL AF Angle, JS Baker, AJM Whiting, SN Chaney, RL TI Soil moisture effects on uptake of metals by Thlaspi, Alyssum, and Berkheya SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE hyperaccumulator plants; moisture capacity; phytoextraction; phytoremediation ID ZINC; CAERULESCENS; PHYTOEXTRACTION; HYPERACCUMULATION; ZN; ACCUMULATION; RHIZOSPHERE; NICKEL; NI AB Most commonly used hyperaccumulator plants for phytoextraction of metals evolved on soils where moisture is limited throughout much of the year. As these plant species are commercialized for use, they are frequently moved from the point of evolution to locations where environmental conditions may be significantly different. Greatest among these potential differences is soil moisture. The objective of this study was therefore to determine whether these plants could grow in soils with much higher soil moisture and whether they would continue to hyperaccumulate metals as soils approach saturation. We examined extractable soil metal concentrations, plant growth, and metal accumulation for the Ni hyperaccumulators, Alyssum murale and Berkheya coddii and the Zn hyperaccumulators Thlaspi caerulescens cultivars AB300 and AB336. Non-hyperaccumulating control species for each were also examined. In general, extractable soil concentrations of Ni decreased with increasing soil moisture content. Few significant effects related to Zn extractability were observed for any of the soil moisture treatments. The biomass of all tested species was generally greater at higher soil moisture and inhibited at low soil moisture. Further, plants accumulated large amounts of metals from soil at higher soil moisture. Highest foliar concentrations of Zn or Ni were found at the two highest WHCs of 80 and 100%. These results show that hyperaccumulators grow well under conditions of high soil moisture content and that they continue to hyperaccumulate metals. Thus, growing Thlaspi, Alyssum, and Berkheya for commercial phytoextraction under nonnative conditions is appropriate and suggests that this technology may be applied to a wide and diverse range of soil types, climatic conditions, and irrigation regimes. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Angle, JS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 23 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 2003 VL 256 IS 2 BP 325 EP 332 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 732AR UT WOS:000185919100009 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S Shouse, PJ Lesch, SM Grieve, CM Poss, JA Forster, HS Suarez, DL AF Goldberg, S Shouse, PJ Lesch, SM Grieve, CM Poss, JA Forster, HS Suarez, DL TI Effect of high boron application on boron content and growth of melons SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE ammonium acetate extract; boron soil tests; boron toxicity; DTPA-sorbitol extract ID TOXICITY; MUSKMELON AB Management options for reducing drainage water volumes on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley of California, such as reuse of saline drainage water and water table control, have the potential to adversely impact crop yields due to a build up in soil solution boron concentration. An earlier experiment had shown that extrapolation of B soil tests to field conditions provided poor predictability of B content of melons despite statistically significant relationships. Consequently, three tests for extractable soil B were evaluated for their ability to predict conditions of potential B toxicity in melons grown under controlled conditions. Melons were grown for 95 days in two consecutive years in containers of Lillis soil (very-fine, smectitic, thermic Halic Haploxerert) that had been pretreated with solutions containing B concentrations as great as 5.3 mmol L-1. Extractable soil B was determined using ammonium acetate, DTPA-sorbitol, and a 1: 1 aqueous soil extract at the beginning and end of the experiment. The B treatments caused various deleterious effects on melon growth and development. Fresh and dry plant matter decreased significantly with increasing B concentrations, while B concentration of plant leaves, stems, and fruits increased significantly with increasing B. The number of days to first flowering was significantly delayed from 35 days at B treatments < 2 mmol L-1 to 51 days at B treatments> 3 mmol L-1. Fruit set was completely inhibited at the highest B treatment of 5.3 mmol L-1. Plant analysis revealed a highly significant relationship between soil extract B obtained with all three extractants and leaf, stem, and fruit B content. Correlation coefficients for plant stems and fruits were much higher than for plant leaves. Correlation coefficients for all soil tests were almost equivalent, although the highest values were obtained for the DTPA-sorbitol extract indicating the greatest predictive capability. The soil tests were well able to predict B damage to melons in a container experiment. C1 ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sgoldberg@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 2003 VL 256 IS 2 BP 403 EP 411 DI 10.1023/A:1026186311974 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 732AR UT WOS:000185919100016 ER PT J AU Bucci, SJ Scholz, FG Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC Sternberg, LDL AF Bucci, SJ Scholz, FG Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC Sternberg, LDL TI Dynamic changes in hydraulic conductivity in petioles of two savanna tree species: factors and mechanisms contributing to the refilling of embolized vessels SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE embolism repair; pressure-confining barriers; refilling mechanisms; starch to sugar conversion; xylem embolism ID CUCUMIS-MELO L; WATER RELATIONS; XYLEM PRESSURE; FRAXINUS-AMERICANA; SEED DEVELOPMENT; SAP; PLANTS; TRANSPIRATION; STEMS; GERMINATION AB Diel variation in specific hydraulic conductivity (k(s)) was recorded in petioles of two savanna tree species, Schefflera macrocarpa and Caryocar brasiliense, from central Brazil. These two species have compound leaves with long petioles (10-30 cm). In both species, petiole k(s) decreased sharply with increasing transpiration rates and declining leaf water potentials (psi(L)) during the morning. Petiole k(s) increased during the afternoon while the plants were still transpiring and the water in the non-embolized vessels was still under tension. Dye experiments confirmed that in both species diel variation in k(s) was associated with embolism formation and repair. When transpiration was prevented in individual leaves, their petiole k(s) and water potential remained close to their maximum values during the day. When minimum daily psi(L) on selected branches was experimentally lowered by 0.2-0.6 MPa, the rate of k(s) recovery during the afternoon was slower in comparison with control branches. Several field manipulations were performed to identify potential mechanisms involved in the refilling of embolized petiole vessels. Removal of the cortex or longitudinal incisions in the cortex prevented afternoon recovery of k(s) and refilling of embolized vessels. When distilled water was added to petiole surfaces that had been abraded to partially remove the cuticle, k(s) increased sharply during the morning and early afternoon. Evidence of starch to sugar conversion in the starch sheath cells surrounding the vascular bundles of the petioles was observed during periods of rapid transpiration when the abundance of starch granules in the starch sheath cells surrounding the vascular bundles decreased. Consistent with this, petiole sugar content was highest in the early afternoon. The most parsimonious explanation of the field observations and the experimental results was that an increase in osmotically active solutes in cells outside the vascular bundles at around midday leads to water uptake by these cells. However, the concurrent increase in tissue volume is partially constrained by the cortex, resulting in a transient pressure imbalance that may drive radial water movement in the direction of the embolized vessels, thereby refilling them and restoring water flow. This study thus presents evidence that embolism formation and repair are two distinct phenomena controlled by different variables. The degree of embolism is a function of tension, and the rate of refilling a function of internal pressure imbalances. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Biol, Lab Ecol Func, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Goldstein, G (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 NR 33 TC 179 Z9 196 U1 7 U2 45 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 26 IS 10 BP 1633 EP 1645 DI 10.1046/j.0140-7791.2003.01082.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 725GT UT WOS:000185536000004 ER PT J AU Wisler, GC Lewellen, RT Sears, JL Wasson, JW Liu, HY Wintermantel, WM AF Wisler, GC Lewellen, RT Sears, JL Wasson, JW Liu, HY Wintermantel, WM TI Interactions between Beet necrotic yellow vein virus and Beet soilborne mosaic virus in sugar beet SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Benyvirus; Beta vulgaris; Chenopodiaceae; Polymyxa betae; rhizomania; triple-antibody sandwich ELISA ID RHIZOMANIA RESISTANCE AB Soils naturally infested with cultures of aviruliferous Polymyxa betae and viruliferous R betae carrying two sugar beet benyviruses, Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and Beet soilborne mosaic virus (BSBMV), alone and in combination, were compared with noninfested soil for their effects on seedling emergence, plant fresh weight, and virus content as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Studies examined sugar beet with and without resistance to the disease rhizomania, caused by BNYVV. The Rz gene, conferring resistance to BNYVV, did not confer resistance to BSBMV. BSBMV ELISA values were significantly higher in single infections than in mixed infections with BNYVV, in both the rhizomania-resistant and -susceptible cultivars. In contrast, ELISA values of BNYVV were high (8 to 14 times the healthy mean) in single and mixed infections in the rhizomania-susceptible cultivar, but were low (approximately three times the healthy mean) in the rhizomania-resistant cultivar. Results indicate BNYVV may suppress BSBMV. in mixed infections, even in rhizomania-resistant cultivars in which ELISA values for BNYVV are extremely low. Soils infested with R betae, and with one or both viruses, showed significantly reduced fresh weight of seedlings, and aviruliferous P. betae significantly decreased sugar beet growth in assays. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Wisler, GC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1170 EP 1175 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.10.1170 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 722XW UT WOS:000185404200002 ER PT J AU Adkins, S Kamenova, I Achor, D Lewandowski, DJ AF Adkins, S Kamenova, I Achor, D Lewandowski, DJ TI Biological and molecular characterization of a novel tobamovirus with a unique host range SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; HIBISCUS-ROSA-SINENSIS; TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; RINGSPOT VIRUS; COAT PROTEIN; REPLICATION; EVOLUTION; TOMATO; GENE; RNAS AB Tobamoviruses are among the best characterized and most studied plant viruses. Three subgroups of tobamoviruses correspond to viral genome sequence and host range to include those viruses infecting (i) solanaceous plants, (ii) brassicas, or (iii) cucurbits or legumes. We isolated a virus from Florida landscape plantings of the malvaceous plant hibiscus (Hibiscus rosasinensis) that appears to be a tobamovirus based upon its virion morphology,. genome organization, and coat protein sequence. The experimental host range of this virus included five malvaceous species but excluded all tested brassica, cucurbit, and legume species and 12 of the 19 solanaceous species tested. The unique host range and comparison of coat protein gene and protein sequences with those of recognized tobamoviruses indicate that this is a novel tobamovirus. A limited survey revealed that this virus is widespread in hibiscus and related species in the Florida landscape. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Agr Res & Educ, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Adkins, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 38 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1190 EP 1196 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.10.1190 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 722XW UT WOS:000185404200006 ER PT J AU Grunwald, NJ Coffman, VA Kraft, JM AF Grunwald, NJ Coffman, VA Kraft, JM TI Sources of partial resistance to fusarium root rot in the Pisum core collection SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Pisum sativum ID PEA AB Fusarium root rot, caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi, is one of the most important fungal diseases of pea and is found in most pea-growing areas around the world. Currently, no commercial cultivars are resistant to this pathogen. Availability of new sources of partial resistance could provide another tool for managing Fusarium root rot. In all, 387 accessions from the Pisum core collection were evaluated for resistance to Fusarium root rot in two independent experiments. Nonparametric analysis of variance conducted on ranks of disease severity for each accession indicated that the two experiments corresponded well. Forty-four plant introduction lines with a disease severity rating of 2.5 or less on a 0-to-5 scale (where 5 = completely rotted) were selected as being partially resistant to root rot. Immunity to Fusarium root rot was not found. Comparison of disease resistance data for Aphanomyces root rot and Fusarium, root rot showed a weak, but significant and positive correlation. A complete listing of the data for the partial resistance of all accessions tested can be found at the National Plant Germplasm System website, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service. C1 Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Grunwald, NJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM ngrunwald@pars.ars.usda.gov RI Grunwald, Niklaus/B-9535-2008; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602 NR 17 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1197 EP 1200 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.10.1197 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 722XW UT WOS:000185404200007 ER PT J AU Mabry, TR Hobbs, HA Steinlage, TA Johnson, BB Pedersen, WL Spencer, JL Levine, E Isard, SA Domier, LL Hartman, GL AF Mabry, TR Hobbs, HA Steinlage, TA Johnson, BB Pedersen, WL Spencer, JL Levine, E Isard, SA Domier, LL Hartman, GL TI Distribution of leaf-feeding beetles and Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) in Illinois and transmission of BPMV in soybean SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; KENTUCKY AB Bean leaf beetles (BLB; Cerotoma trifurcata) were collected in soybean (Glycine max) fields in 58 and 99 Illinois counties surveyed during the 2000 and 2001 growing seasons, respectively. In 2000, BLB counts were highest in the central portion of the state. BLB counts were lower the following year, but were more uniformly distributed throughout the state. BLB tested positive for Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) in 37 of 41 counties assayed in 2000. In 2001, BLB tested positive for BPMV in 86 of 99 counties sampled. In 2000 and 2001, western corn rootworm (WCR; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) adults were abundant in soybean fields only in east central Illinois. WCR adults tested positive for BPMV in 21 of 21 east central Illinois counties in 2000 and 20 of 24 sampled in 2001. BPMV was detected in soybean plants in 38 of 46 counties sampled in 2000. Field-collected WCR adults transmitted BPMV to potted soybean plants at low rates either directly from BPMV-infected soybean fields or with prior feeding on BPMV-infected plants. This is the first report of the distribution of BLB, WCR adults, and BPMV in Illinois and of BPMV transmission by adult WCR. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Geog, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Spencer, Joseph/B-6876-2012 OI Spencer, Joseph/0000-0003-4757-563X NR 23 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1221 EP 1225 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.10.1221 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 722XW UT WOS:000185404200011 ER PT J AU Larkin, RP Groves, CL AF Larkin, RP Groves, CL TI Identification and characterization of isolates of Phytophthora infestans using fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FUNGI; DIFFERENTIATION; POTATO; TOMATO; SOIL; PCR AB The utility of fatty acid profiles for characterization and differentiation of isolates of P. infestans was investigated. Two libraries of fatty acid methyt ester (FAME) profiles (one representing average genotype characteristics and one representing individual isolate characteristics) were established from at least eight replicate samples of each of 25 different isolates of P infestans, including representative isolates of US-1, US-6, US-7, US-8, US-11, US-14, and US-17 genotypes. These libraries then were used to identify and characterize additional unknown isolates. Fatty acid profile characteristics also were compared with cultural and genetic characteristics of the isolates. FAME profiles for isolates of P. infestans were consistent over multiple extractions and distinctly different from profiles for isolates of other Phytophthora species, such as P. capsici and P. erythroseptica, as well as isolates of Pythium spp. and various other fungal groups. Overall, profiles from different isolates within the same genotype shared similar characteristics, although there was overlap among some genotypes. Incubation temperature, growth medium, and prolonged storage on agar media all significantly affected fatty acid profiles; however, when these conditions were kept constant, profiles were distinct, consistent, and reproducible over time. Isolate profiles were sufficiently specific that individual isolates could be distinctly identified by FAME profiles. In general, individual isolate characteristics were more determinant than genotype group characteristics, although genotype could be determined for most isolates tested. Results indicated that FAME profiles can be an additional tool useful for characterizing isolates and populations of P. infestans. C1 USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Larkin, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1233 EP 1243 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.10.1233 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 722XW UT WOS:000185404200013 ER PT J AU Malvick, DK Chen, W Kurle, JE Gran, CR AF Malvick, DK Chen, W Kurle, JE Gran, CR TI Cultivar preference and genotype distribution of the brown stem rot pathogen Phialophora gregata in the midwestern United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID HETERODERA-GLYCINES; SOYBEAN PRODUCTIVITY; PHYTOPHTHORA-SOJAE; RESISTANT; TILLAGE; PLANTS; YIELD; WISCONSIN; SEVERITY; MARKERS AB Brown stem rot (BSR), caused by Phialophora gregata f. sp. sojae, is an important yield-limiting disease of soybean (Glycine max) in the midwestern United States. Midwestern populations of R gregata are separated into genotypes A and B based on intergenic spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Genotype A causes both leaf and stem symptoms, and genotype B typically causes internal stem symptoms only. Data are limited on the geographic distribution of genotypes A and B. It is not well understood whether cultivars may be infected preferentially by a genotype. Field plots were established at five sites in Illinois, three sites in Wisconsin, and two sites in Minnesota in two different years. Soybean cvs. Bell, BSR101, Dwight, Sturdy, Williams 82, LN92-12033, and LN92-12054 were sown with two to four replications at each field site. From each plot, 5 to 10 stems were harvested arbitrarily at the R8 growth stage and assayed by polymerase chain reaction to detect the A and B genotypes. Both pathogen genotypes were detected at all locations except Urbana, where only genotype A was detected, and St. Paul, where only B was detected. Genotype A was the predominant genotype detected in susceptible cvs. Williams 82 and LN92-12054, with 70 and 78% of infected stems, respectively, positive for A. The other susceptible cultivar, Sturdy, yielded predominantly genotype A at four of the seven Illinois and Wisconsin. locations where both pathogen genotypes were present, but yielded predominantly B at the Minnesota location where both genotypes were detected. Genotype B was the predominant type detected in partially resistant cvs. Dwight, LN92-12033, and Bell, with 56, 85, and 99% of the infected stems, respectively, testing positive for B. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Malvick, DK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1250 EP 1254 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.10.1250 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 722XW UT WOS:000185404200015 ER PT J AU Sumner, DR Phatak, SC AF Sumner, DR Phatak, SC TI First report of Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-4 on carrot in Georgia SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. RP Sumner, DR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1264 EP 1264 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.10.1264C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 722XW UT WOS:000185404200023 ER PT J AU Pratt, RG AF Pratt, RG TI First report of infection of bermudagrass by Bipolaris sorokiniana in the southeastern United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID DISEASES C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Pratt, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1265 EP 1265 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.10.1265A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 722XW UT WOS:000185404200024 ER PT J AU Hernandez, JR Daughtrey, M Jens, J AF Hernandez, JR Daughtrey, M Jens, J TI Occurrence of rust disease caused by Puccinia lagenophorae on cineraria in the Americas SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cornell Univ, Long Isl Hort Res & Extens Ctr, Riverhead, NY 11901 USA. New York State Dept Agr & Markets, Cutchogue, NY 11935 USA. RP Hernandez, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 87 IS 10 BP 1266 EP 1266 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.10.1266A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 722XW UT WOS:000185404200027 ER PT J AU Meng, L Bregitzer, P Zhang, SB Lemaux, PG AF Meng, L Bregitzer, P Zhang, SB Lemaux, PG TI Methylation of the exon/intron region in the Ubi1 promoter complex correlates with transgene silencing in barley SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE barley; chromatin condensation; first untranslated exon/intron; maize ubiquitin promoter; methylation; transcriptional transgene silencing ID DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE; ZEA-MAYS L; DNA METHYLATION; SINGLE-COPY; CYTOSINE METHYLATION; HORDEIN PROMOTER; HIGHER-PLANTS; GENE; EXPRESSION; MAIZE AB Methylation of plant promoters is often associated with transcriptional gene silencing, while methylation of the transcribed region is associated with post-transcriptional gene silencing. Promoter complexes that include the first untranslated exon and intron, such as maize ubiquitin1 and rice actin1, have been widely used in monocot transformation because they support higher levels of transient transgene expression than the core promoter does. However, persistent problems with transgene silencing driven by these promoter complexes brought up a troubling question: were higher initial levels of transgene expression at the expense of long-term expression stability? Here we report that methylation of an untranslated exon and intron in the promoter complex is correlated with transcriptional transgene silencing in barley. Two sibling sublines, designated T(3)30 and T(3)31, were identified in a homozygous T-3 population from a single transgenic parental line. In the T-6 generation, all progeny of one subline, T(3)30, expressed ubiquitin-driven bar and uidA, but both transgenes were transcriptionally silenced in the other subline, T(3)31. Although the structure of the transgene locus is complex, no differences in the physical structure or location of the locus were detected between the two sublines. Transcriptional transgene silencing in T331 correlated with two molecular events: methylation of the first untranslated exon and 5' end of the intron of the promoter complex, and condensation of the chromatin in regions containing transgenes. Passage of the non-silenced subline through in vitro culture recreated the silenced phenotype of T(3)31 and the molecular events leading to its silencing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ARS, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Lemaux, PG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 45 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 53 IS 3 BP 327 EP 340 DI 10.1023/B:PLAN.0000006942.00464.e3 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 750HZ UT WOS:000186986400007 PM 14750522 ER PT J AU Hu, Y Zhong, RQ Morrison, WH Ye, ZH AF Hu, Y Zhong, RQ Morrison, WH Ye, ZH TI The Arabidopsis RHD3 gene is required for cell wall biosynthesis and actin organization SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE actin cytoskeleton; Arabidopsis; fiber cell; RHD3; secondary wall thickening; stem strength ID INTERFASCICULAR FIBER DIFFERENTIATION; ROOT HAIR DEVELOPMENT; F-ACTIN; CELLULOSE MICROFIBRILS; ORIENTED DEPOSITION; TIP GROWTH; PROTEIN; MUTANT; CYTOSKELETON; ELONGATION AB The Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3 (RHD3) gene has previously been shown to be essential for normal cell expansion [H. Wang et al. (1997) Genes Dev 11:799-811]. In this report, we demonstrated that mutation of the RHD3 gene in the Arabidopsis fragile fiber 4 (fra4) mutant caused a dramatic reduction in the wall thickness of fibers, vessels, and pith cells in the inflorescence stems and, concomitantly, a decrease in the mechanical strength of stems. The reduced wall thickness in the fra4 mutant was accompanied by an alteration in cell wall composition. Consistent with the defective fiber and vessel wall phenotypes, the RHD3 gene exhibited a strong expression in developing fiber and xylem cells. We showed that the Arabidopsis genome contains two additional RHD3-like genes, one of which was expressed specifically in flowers. In addition, we found that mutation of the RHD3 gene caused an alteration in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton but no effects on cortical microtubules. Our findings suggest an essential role of RHD3 in cell wall biosynthesis and actin organization, both of which are known to be important for cell expansion. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Ye, ZH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 38 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD OCT PY 2003 VL 217 IS 6 BP 912 EP 921 DI 10.1007/s00425-003-1067-7 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 727XT UT WOS:000185686700009 PM 12844267 ER PT J AU Willett, JL Finkenstadt, VL AF Willett, JL Finkenstadt, VL TI Preparation of starch-graft-polyacrylamide copolymers by reactive extrusion SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PEROXYDISULFATE ION; ACRYLIC ACID; ACRYLAMIDE; MONOMERS; ACRYLONITRILE; METHACRYLATE; OXIDATION; POLYMERS; COOKING AB Graft copolymers of starch and polyacrylamide (PAAm) were prepared by reactive extrusion using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder and ammonium persulfate initiator. Feed rates were 109 g/min to 325 g/min (all components) at a moisture content of 50%, with screw speeds in the range 100 rpm to 300 rpm. Starch/acrylamide weight ratios ranged from 5:1 to 1.3:1. Conversions of acrylamide to PAAm were generally 80% or greater with residence times of 400 seconds or less. Conversion increased with feed rate, suggesting that reaction efficiency was proportional to the degree of fill in the extruder. Grafting efficiencies were in the range of 50% to 80%. PAAm molecular weight increased with increasing acrylamide content. consistent with free radical polymerization kinetics. Extrusion temperature had no significant impact on acrylamide conversion. Graft frequency, as measured by the number of anhydroglucose units per graft, was essentially constant over the starch: acrylamide ratio and temperature range studied. These results show that reactive extrusion offers the potential for rapid production of starch graft copolymers with unsaturated monomers. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Willett, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD, CT 06804-0403 USA SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1666 EP 1674 DI 10.1002/pen.10140 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 741ZU UT WOS:000186490900004 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, JC Lea, JM AF Beaulieu, JC Lea, JM TI Volatile and quality changes in fresh-cut mangos prepared from firm-ripe and soft-ripe fruit, stored in clamshell containers and passive MAP SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gas chromatography (GC); mango (Mangifera indica L.); mass spectrophotometer (MS); maturity; modified atmosphere packaging (MAP); ripeness; solid phase microextraction (SPME) ID MANGIFERA-INDICA-L; CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; FLAVOR COMPONENTS; ALPHONSO MANGO; CULTIVARS; HEADSPACE; AROMA; PHYSIOLOGY; OXYGEN AB A study was performed to assess volatile and quality changes in stored fresh-cut mangos prepared from "firm-ripe" (FR) and "soft-ripe" (SR) fruit, and to assess what effect passive modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) may have on cut fruit physiology, overall quality and volatile retention or loss. Florida-grown 'Keitt' and 'Palmer' mangos were used, without heat-treatment. Subjective appraisals of fresh-cut mangos based on aroma and cut edge or tissue damage indicated that most SR cubes were unmarketable by day 7 at 4 degreesC. Both varieties stored in MAP at 4 degreesC had almost identical O-2 consumption, which was independent of ripeness. Pei-cent CO2 and O-2 data for cubes stored in passive MAP indicates that the system was inadequate to prevent potential anaerobic respiration after 7 days storage. A significant three-way interaction (container x ripeness x day) was observed for L* (lightness) between stored cubes prepared from FR versus SR fruit of both varieties. There was a linear L* decrease for SR 'Keitt' cubes stored in clamshell containers. delta-3-Carene was the dominant terpene in both varieties in all treatments throughout most of the study, and FR cubes had statistically higher levels of seven terpenes compared with the respective SR treatments. Most terpenes in FR and SR cubes stored in both package types displayed a transient increase, occurring on day 4 or 7, followed by a decline. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Beaulieu, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. OI Beaulieu, John/0000-0001-7767-5901 NR 45 TC 42 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 BP 15 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(03)00081-4 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 742PK UT WOS:000186526500002 ER PT J AU Cisar, CR Balog, JM Anthony, NB Donoghue, AM AF Cisar, CR Balog, JM Anthony, NB Donoghue, AM TI Sequence analysis of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II mRNA from ascitic and nonascitic commercial broilers SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ascites syndrome; bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II; familial primary pulmonary hypertension; pulmonary hypertension syndrome; single nucleotide polymorphism ID PRIMARY PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION; ARTERY OCCLUSION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DNA; SELECTION; MUTATIONS; CHICKENS; PROGENY; LINES; BMPR2 AB Ascites syndrome, also known as pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS), is a common metabolic disorder in rapidly growing meat-type chickens. Environmental factors, such as cold, altitude, and diet, play significant roles in development of the disease, but there is also an important genetic component to PHS susceptibility. The human disease familial primary pulmonary hypertension (FPPH) is similar to PHS in broilers both genetically and physiologically. Several recent studies have shown that mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR2) gene are a cause of FPPH in humans. To determine whether mutations in the chicken BMPR2 gene play a similar role in PHS susceptibility, BMPR-II mRNA from ascitic and nonascitic commercial broilers were sequenced and compared with the published Leghorn chicken BMPR-II mRNA sequence. Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified in the commercial broiler BMPR-II mRNA. No mutations unique to ascites-susceptible broilers were present in the coding, 5' untranslated or 3' untranslated regions of BMPR-II mRNA. The twelve SNP present within the coding region of BMPR-II mRNA were synonymous substitutions and did not alter the BMPR-II protein sequence. In addition, analysis of BMPR2 gene expression by reverse transcriptase-PCR indicated that there were no differences in BMPR-II mRNA levels in ascitic and nonascitic birds. Therefore, it appears unlikely that mutations in the BMPR2 gene were responsible for susceptibility to PHS in these commercial broilers. C1 Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, USDA, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Cisar, CR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, USDA, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 82 IS 10 BP 1494 EP 1499 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 725YH UT WOS:000185569600003 PM 14601724 ER PT J AU Miles, DM Moore, PA Smith, DR Rice, DW Stilborn, HL Rowe, DR Lott, BD Branton, SL Simmons, JD AF Miles, DM Moore, PA Smith, DR Rice, DW Stilborn, HL Rowe, DR Lott, BD Branton, SL Simmons, JD TI Total and water-soluble phosphorus in broiler litter over three flocks with alum litter treatment and dietary inclusion of high available phosphorus corn and phytase supplementation SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alum; broiler; high available phosphorus corn; phosphorus; phytase ID MICROBIAL PHYTASE; POULTRY; EXCRETION; CHICKENS; MANAGEMENT; MANURE AB Three pen trials were conducted to determine the main effect of alum addition to litter on form of poultry litter P using a 2 x 2 factorial structure of the subunit treatments: diets including high available phosphorus/low phytate corn (HAPC) and phytase (PHYT). Male broilers (1,760 per flock) were grown to 42 d having starter diets with 0.45% available P and grower diets with 0.35% available P. In the first trial, total litter P (tP) was greatest for the yellow dent corn (YDC) diet (12 g/kg) and least for the HAPC and PHYT combination (H&P) diet (6.9 g/kg) with the individual PHYT and HAPC diets falling in between at 9.1 g/kg and 9.4 g/kg tP. Also in the first trial, the litter water-soluble P (wP) was highest for PHYT (2.8 g/kg), least for the HAPC and H&P diets (1.5 g/kg) with the YDC diet falling between (2.2 g/kg). Alum was added to the litter after the first experiment. In the second and third experiments, alum inclusion significantly reduced the wP when compared with the treatments with no alum. In the third trial, the least wP was present in the alum-HAPC treatment. Phytase, YDC, and HAPC diets with no alum litter treatment generated the most wP. Since these diets appear to have little or no difference with respect to quantity of wP, this work suggests that form of litter P generated by alternative diets should be considered as criteria when attempting to reduce P in broiler litter applied to land. C1 Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Pountry & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. Stilborn Consulting, LLC, Des Moines, IA USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Pountry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miles, DM (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 82 IS 10 BP 1544 EP 1549 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 725YH UT WOS:000185569600009 PM 14601730 ER PT J AU Zhu, M Wesley, IV Nannapaneni, R Cox, M Mendonca, A Johnson, MG Ahn, DU AF Zhu, M Wesley, IV Nannapaneni, R Cox, M Mendonca, A Johnson, MG Ahn, DU TI The role of dietary vitamin E in experimental Listeria monocytogenes infections in turkeys SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CD4(+) and CD8(+); immune response; Listeria; turkey; vitamin E ID SPORADIC LISTERIOSIS; E SUPPLEMENTATION; HYBRIDOMA CELLS; LIPID OXIDATION; MEAT; CHICKENS; IMMUNITY; VIRULENCE; VOLATILES; SELENIUM AB The current study was designed to determine if dietary vitamin E influenced either the gut clearance or levels of peripheral blood CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes in adult turkeys experimentally infected with Listeria monocytogenes. Turkeys were fed vitamin E (0, 100, or 200 IU) from day of hatch to time of necropsy. After 6 wk on the experimental diet, turkeys were orally inoculated with L. monocytogenes (similar to 10(9) cfu). To monitor infection status, cloacal swabs were taken on selected days post-inoculation (DPI). At necropsy, samples of viscera, including liver, spleen, cecum, duodenum, ileum, and colon were collected and cultured for L. monocytogenes. In experiments 1 and 2, recovery of L. monocytogenes from cloacal swabs, tissues, and intestines from turkeys fed vitamin E was generally lower than that from turkeys fed the control diet, although these differences were not statistically significant. When data from both trials were combined, L. monocytogenes was cultured less frequently from cloacal swabs of the vitamin E-treated group (200 IU) on 2 and 3 DPI, when compared to controls (0 IU, P < 0.01). There were no changes in virulence characteristics of L. monocytogenes cells, as measured by in vitro killing of Ped-2E9 cells, recovered from cloacal swabs or tissues of experimentally infected turkeys fed the control or a vitamin E treatment diet. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that CD4(+) and CD8(+) peripheral blood T lymphocytes were elevated at 6 and 8 DPI in infected turkeys given 200 IU vitamin E. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. Univ Arkansas, IFSE, Ctr Food Safety & Qual, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wesley, IV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RI Zhu, Mei-Jun/A-4248-2013 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 82 IS 10 BP 1559 EP 1564 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 725YH UT WOS:000185569600012 PM 14601733 ER PT J AU Hansen, KK Kittok, RJ Sarath, G Toombs, CF Caceres, N Beck, MA AF Hansen, KK Kittok, RJ Sarath, G Toombs, CF Caceres, N Beck, MA TI Estrogen receptor-alpha populations change with age in commercial laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE estrogen receptor; hormone profile; hypothalamus; kidney; oviduct ID POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS; CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; EGGSHELL QUALITY; CHICK OVIDUCT; ACCUMULATION; KIDNEY; BETA; MOLT AB Older hens in production lay larger but fewer eggs than younger birds, and the incidence of soft and broken shells is greater in older hens than younger. These changes are attributable at least in part to changing hormone profiles and diminished ability of the hen to transport calcium at the duodenum. In further exploration of this relationship, a study was conducted with three ages of Hy-Line W-36 birds: prelay pullets (PL; 19 wk, 0% production), peak-production hens (PP; 29 wk, similar to93% production), and late-stage hens (LS; 71 wk, similar to80% production). Hens from the PP and LS groups were palpated for presence of an egg in the shell gland; hens were then euthanized and tissues (kidney, shell gland, hypothalamus) were removed for quantification of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) populations via immunocytochemical and Western blot analyses. Localization of ERa by immunostaining in the shell gland showed differences among age groups; however, no differences were noted in localization of ERalpha between age groups in the kidney and hypothalamus. In both the kidney and the shell gland there was a decrease in the amount of ERalpha, as detected by immunoblotting, in the LS hens compared to PL, and PP birds (P < 0.05). The results suggest that failure of calcium regulating mechanisms with age may be mediated at least in part through the reduced populations of estrogen receptors in certain critical tissues. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Beck, MA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 82 IS 10 BP 1624 EP 1629 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 725YH UT WOS:000185569600021 PM 14601742 ER PT J AU Burnham, MR Peebles, ED Branton, SL Walzem, RL Gerard, PD AF Burnham, MR Peebles, ED Branton, SL Walzem, RL Gerard, PD TI Effects of F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum inoculation on serum very low density lipoprotein diameter and fractionation of cholesterol among lipoproteins in commercial egg-laying hens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE layer; lipoprotein; liver; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; serum ID RESPIRATORY-DISEASE COMPLEX; LIPID-METABOLISM; YOLK DEPOSITION; LAYER FLOCKS; MG BACTERIN; CHICKENS; AGE; ESTROGEN; PLASMA; VITELLOGENIN AB Experimental inoculation with the F-strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (FMG) at 12 wk of age has been shown to affect the performance, liver, reproductive organs, and yolk lipid characteristics of commercial layers. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the serum lipoprotein characteristics of commercial egg-laying hens at 16 wk of age and throughout lay after inoculation with FMG at 12 wk of age. Mean diameters of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were determined for the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles of serum total VLDL of each hen. Percentages of total serum cholesterol recovered in VLDL and low and high density lipoprotein particle classes were also determined. Inoculation of birds with FMG at 12 wk did not change the physical properties or relative concentrations of their circulating lipoproteins. However, the age of the bird had significant differential effects on all the parameters examined. These data demonstrate that FMG-inoculation at 12 wk of age does not affect the lipoproteins of laying hens, but because these birds were housed in biological isolation units, these results do not preclude the possibility that these yolk precursors may be affected in FMG-infected birds that are housed in facilities in which there are increased levels of environmental stress. These data further suggest that alterations in liver, reproductive organs, and yolk lipid characteristics in response to FMG, as noted in previous reports on commercial layers, are not mediated through changes in circulating VLDL diameters. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, United States Dept Agr, Agr Res Serv, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 82 IS 10 BP 1630 EP 1636 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 725YH UT WOS:000185569600022 PM 14601743 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ Brambila, J AF Henry, TJ Brambila, J TI First report of the neotropical damsel bug Alloeorhynchus trimacula (Stein) in the United States, with new records for two other nabid species in Florida (Heteroptera : Nabidae : Prostemmatinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Insecta; Hemiptera; Nabidae; damsel bug; Alloeorhynchus trimacula; Pagasa confusa; Phorticus collaris; new records; United States; Florida ID NORTH-AMERICA AB The first report of the prostemmatine nabid Alloeorhynchus trimacula (Stein) in the United States is given based on specimens collected in two counties of Florida. We diagnose the genus Alloeorhynchus, redescribe and provide photographs of the adult male and female of A. trimacula, and give other diagnostic information to help separate this newly discovered immigrant from other North American Nabidae. Also given are the first report of Phorticus collaris (Stal) in Florida and additional Florida records for Pagasa confusa Kerzhner. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Florida State Collect Anthropods, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Natl Hist Nat, USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 105 IS 4 BP 801 EP 808 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 732WV UT WOS:000185969300001 ER PT J AU Miller, GL Miller, DR AF Miller, GL Miller, DR TI Invasive soft scales (Hemiptera : Coccidae) and their threat to US agriculture SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Coccidae; soft scales; invasive species; biological control; quarantine; agriculture; forestry; horticulture; ornamentals; fruit trees ID FOREST TREES; HOMOPTERA AB We provide a compilation of 147 species of soft scales that are considered either pests or represent a threat to United States agriculture. Included for each species, where applicable, is reference to origin and date of introduction if applicable, establishment in the United States, pest or threat status in the United States along with a validation citation, principal hosts, and biogeographical region of origin. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Miller, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Systemat Entomol Lab, Bldg 005,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 58 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 105 IS 4 BP 832 EP 846 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 732WV UT WOS:000185969300004 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Gimpel, ME Williams, DJ AF Miller, DR Gimpel, ME Williams, DJ TI Nomenclatural changes in the Diaspididae (Hemiptera : Coccoidea) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE armored scales; Coccoidea; Diaspididae; ScaleNet; catalog; new combinations; lectotype; internet ID HOMOPTERA; ERIOCOCCIDAE AB A database containing taxonomic information on two subfamilies of the diaspidid scale insects of the world is available on the World Wide Web. Several nomenclatural changes need to be validated including: Diaspis amygdali rubra (Maskell) new illustration and lectotype designation; Diaspis barberi Green new junior synonym of D. amygdali rubra and lectotype designation; Pseudaulacaspis ernesti Miller, Gimpel, and Williams a new replacement name for Diaspis grandilobis Green (junior, secondary homonym of Diaspis grandilobis (Maskell)) and new illustration; Diaspis grandilobis Green lectotype designation; Lepidosaphes linearis (Modeer) discussed as a species incertae sedis; Pseudaulacaspis frutescens (Hu) new combination; Lepidosaphes meliae (Tang) new combination; Lepidosaphes lithocarpicola (Tang) new combination, and Lepidosaphes pseudogloverii (Borchsenius), new combination. The correct spelling of an Asian armored scale should be Chionaspis kinshinensis Kuwana, not C. kiushuensis. Twenty-six changes of adjectival species epithets are necessary for gender agreement with the genus. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Rm 137,Bldg 005,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 105 IS 4 BP 940 EP 949 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 732WV UT WOS:000185969300015 ER PT J AU Brown, JW Miller, SE Horak, M AF Brown, JW Miller, SE Horak, M TI Studies on New Guinea moths. 2. Description of a new species of Xenothictis meyrick (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae : Archipini) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE malesia; Melanesia; Papua New Guinea; pupa; Gnetum gnumon; Celtis philippensis; Sterculia schumanniana ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; RAIN-FOREST; INSECTS AB Xenothictis gnetivora, new species, from Papua New Guinea, is described and illustrated based on morphological characters and DNA barcode. The type series consists of 124 specimens reared from leaf-rolling larvae primarily on Gnetum gnemon L. (Gnetaceae), but also on Celtis philippensis Blanco (Celtidaceae), Sterculia schumanniana (Laut.) Mildbr. (Sterculiaceae), and other plants during a multi-year rearing project (1995-2001). The five previously described species of Xenothictis are from Australia and Melanesia. C1 USDA, ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Systemat Entomol Lab,Nat Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. CSIRO Entomol, Australian Natl Insect Collect, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Systemat Entomol Lab,Nat Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Horak, Marianne/C-2065-2008; OI Miller, Scott/0000-0002-4138-1378 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 105 IS 4 BP 1043 EP 1050 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 732WV UT WOS:000185969300023 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ AF Henry, TJ TI Richard C. Froeschner (1916-2002): Biographical sketch, described taxa, and publications - Obituary SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, MRC-168,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 105 IS 4 BP 1075 EP 1086 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 732WV UT WOS:000185969300033 ER PT J AU Wong, DWS Batt, SB Lee, CC Robertson, GH AF Wong, DWS Batt, SB Lee, CC Robertson, GH TI Direct screening of libraries of yeast clones for alpha-amylase activity on raw starch hydrolysis SO PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE AMY1; barley seed alpha-amylase; alpha-amylase; starch hydrolysis; yeast library; high-throughput assay ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SECRETION; ANTIGENS; BINDING AB High-throughput screening for high-activity barley alpha-amylase mutants expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is hampered by the interference of reducing agents, particularly the glucose used in yeast growth media. The present investigation employed colorimetric and chemiluminescent detection systems that enable direct and rapid screening of activities on raw starch substrate. Active clones could be separated into two groups, based on high total activity or high specific activity. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wong, DWS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI HILVERSUM PA PO BOX 1673, 1200 BR HILVERSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-8665 J9 PROTEIN PEPTIDE LETT JI Protein Pept. Lett. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 459 EP 468 DI 10.2174/0929866033478744 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 725XY UT WOS:000185568700005 PM 14561134 ER PT J AU Coleman, SW Hart, SP Sahlu, T AF Coleman, SW Hart, SP Sahlu, T TI Relationships among forage chemistry, rumination and retention time with intake and digestibility of hay by goats SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE intake; digestibility; rumination time; retention time; forage chemistry ID PARTICLE-SIZE; INGESTIVE MASTICATION; VOLUNTARY INTAKE; PASTURE GRASSES; SHEEP; RUMINANTS; QUALITY; DIGESTA; CATTLE; RUMEN AB Eight species of forage, a cool-season perennial (tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea)) and annual grass (winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)), four warm-season perennial grasses (caucasian (Bothriochloa caucasica), plains (B. ischaemum), old world bluestem, bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), and eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides)), a warm season annual (crab-grass (Digitaria sanguinalis)) and a perennial legume (alfalfa (Medicago sativa)), were each cut at two or three maturities to provide a wide array of quality difference (n = 20). Twenty wether goats (Capra hicus) were fed the hays in four different trials using an incomplete block design so that four different goats received each hay. Alfalfa produced the highest (25 g kg(-1) body weight (BW)) and wheat the lowest (13.6 g kg(-1) BW) organic matter (OM) intake. A number of the grasses provided less than 20 g kg(-1) BW OM intake. Digestion of OM was also highest for alfalfa (>715 g kg(-1)) and lowest for bermudagrass (508 g kg(-1)). All measures and expressions of intake and digestibility were better related to ruminating and retention time than to forage chemistry, with the exception of crude protein digestibility. The best equations for predicting intake included a combination of mean retention time and forage acid detergent fiber (ADF) content (reciprocal and quadratic); that for digestibility included permanganate lignin (reciprocal), and the quadratic for ruminating and retention time. Equations for predicting the constraint on intake and digestible organic matter intake produced higher r(2) than those for either intake or digestibility. Digestibility of ADF and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were poorly predicted with either chemistry (r(2) less than or equal to 0.20), or ruminating time (r(2) = 0.43), but combinations of permanganate lignin content of NDF, retention and ruminating time produced reasonable equations. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, SubTrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. Langston Univ, E Kika de la Garza Inst Goat Res, Langston, OK 73050 USA. RP Coleman, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SubTrop Agr Res Stn, 22271 Chinsegut Hill Rd, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 50 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.1016/S0921-4488(03)00116-0 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 719RF UT WOS:000185217600015 ER PT J AU Zibilske, LM Bradford, JM AF Zibilske, LM Bradford, JM TI Tillage effects on phosphorus mineralization and microbial activity SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE organic matter; phosphatase; resin-extractable phosphorus; soil quality; respiration; tillage ID PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; CROP-ROTATION; AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; SOIL PROPERTIES; CO2 EVOLUTION; NO-TILL; CARBON; FRACTIONS; DYNAMICS; MANAGEMENT AB Soil respiration (CO2 evolution and O-2 uptake), alkaline phosphatase activity, resin-extractable phosphate, and dissolved organic C dynamics were compared during a 36-day incubation of soil collected from within crop rows of conservation tillage (CT) (CT = no-till and ridge-till) and moldboard plow/disc tillage (PT) plots in a high-temperature, semiarid climate after 9 years. Significantly (P <0.05) greater total soil organic C, N, and extractable P were found in CT soils. Organic C was 14.2,13.4, and 10.3 g kg(-1) in the no-till, ridge-till, and PT treatments, respectively. Organic N was 1.41 1.26, and 0.95 g kg(-1), whereas resin-extractable P was 11.4, 9.3, and 6.4 mg kg(-1) for the same treatments. CO2 production in CT treatments was 916% and 758% greater, respectively, for the no-till and ridge-till treatments than for the PT treatment. Highest O-2 uptake occurred in the CT (NT and RT) treatments, which were 435% and 359% higher, respectively, than uptake in PT. Respiratory quotients (RQs) were similar among the CT treatments, but they were significantly (P <0.05) higher than those in PT. This suggests that there may be a difference in substrate composition caused by tillage, and consequent differences in microbial respiratory activity indicate that biological controls of phosphorus mineralization are becoming better established, although absolute changes in soil organic C and N concentrations were modest. Dissolved organic C ranged from a high of >50 μg C g(-1) soil in CT to <20 μg C g(-1) soil in PT. Significant correlations between soluble P and biological activity indices (respiration, RQ, and phosphatase activity) indicate that even modest improvements in soil organic matter can have measurable impacts on P mineralization. These results suggest there may be differences in soil substrate quality that result from conservation tillage and which lead to differences in microbial activities, as well as to improvements in P cycling and soil quality, from even modest gains in soil C in high-temperature subtropical soils. C1 USDA ARS, Intrgrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Zibilske, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Intrgrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 168 IS 10 BP 677 EP 685 DI 10.1097/01.ss0000095141.68539.c7 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 730KR UT WOS:000185830400002 ER PT J AU Jolliffe, D AF Jolliffe, D TI On the relative well-being of the nonmetropolitan poor: An examination of alternate definitions of poverty during the 1990s SO SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; STATISTICAL-INFERENCE; INEQUALITY; AMERICA; US AB Using Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty indices, this paper shows that although the incidence of poverty was higher in nonmetropolitan than metropolitan areas throughout the 1990s, the poverty-gap index was only statistically significantly higher in nonmetropolitan areas in six of the 10 years, and the squared poverty-gap index was worse in only three years. This paper also provides design-corrected standard errors for the indices, which result in more than doubling the uncorrected estimates. An examination of the ratio of the poverty-gap to the head count index establishes that the average shortfall of the poor as a fraction of the poverty line was worse in the metropolitan areas during all 10 years of the 1990s. Similarly, the distribution of income divided by the poverty line indicates that disproportionately more of the nonmetropolitan poor subsisted on incomes near the poverty line, whereas the metropolitan poor were relatively more likely to be living in extreme poverty. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Jolliffe, D (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Room S-2059,1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PI CHAPEL HILL PA SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27514 USA SN 0038-4038 J9 SOUTH ECON J JI South. Econ. J. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 70 IS 2 BP 295 EP 311 DI 10.2307/3648970 PG 17 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 734XK UT WOS:000186083100006 ER PT J AU Guraya, HS James, C Champagne, ET AF Guraya, HS James, C Champagne, ET TI Physical basis for separation of rice starch using various density gradient systems and its effect on starch recovery, purity, and pasting properties SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE rice starch; wet milling; purification; density gradient; separation ID EXTRACTION AB A 32% waxy and non waxy rice flour slurry containing starch-protein agglomerates was physically disrupted in presence of water by use of high pressure homogenizer called Microfluidizer(R). Microfluidized rice flour slurry from passes 2 and 4 was collected followed by isolation of starch using three different density gradient solutions/systems (CeCl, NaCl/sucrose and ZnSO4.7H(2)O). Complete deagglomeration was obtained after passing the rice flour slurry four times through the Microfluidizer(R). The recovery of isolated starch varied from 76.28% to 91.20% for different density gradient systems. The degree of deagglomeration did not seem to affect recovery but affected the purity of the isolated starches. All starches produced from pass 4 rice slurry resulted in starches with residual protein below 0.5%. Higher density of the gradient solution resulted in higher recovery and purity of starch. The isolation method had a significant effect on the pasting properties of the isolated starch. Residual protein in isolated starch had a negative correlation with peak viscosity and setback of pass 2 waxy and non-waxy starches. The salts were retained in purified starch despite rigorous washing (at least 75 times greater than the control) and could affect starch properties. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Guraya, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD OCT PY 2003 VL 55 IS 10 BP 450 EP 456 DI 10.1002/star.200300207 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 736JV UT WOS:000186168400002 ER PT J AU Cui, XL Calamari, TA Robert, KQ Price, JB Watson, MD AF Cui, XL Calamari, TA Robert, KQ Price, JB Watson, MD TI Measuring the short fiber content of cotton SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A selection of cotton samples is tested with the Suter-Webb Array, AFIS (advanced fiber information system), and HVI (high volume instrument) methods. Short fiber contents as measured by these different methods show significant differences and high variations. The calibration level is one of the major factors causing these differences. Provided all other conditions are the same, a shift of 0.01 inch in fiber length calibration can cause an approximately 0.37% absolute value change in measured short fiber content based on the average of the test data. Based on the results from AFIS tests and computer simulation, sample nonuniformity, which is a characteristic of cotton fibers, contributes a major portion of the variation of the measured short fiber content. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Cui, XL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 73 IS 10 BP 891 EP 895 DI 10.1177/004051750307301007 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 728PZ UT WOS:000185726700007 ER PT J AU Evans, JD Akin, DE Morrison, WH Hinimelsbach, DS McAlister, DD Foulk, JA AF Evans, JD Akin, DE Morrison, WH Hinimelsbach, DS McAlister, DD Foulk, JA TI Modifying dew-retted flax fibers and yarns with a secondary enzymatic treatment SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NON-CELLULOSIC POLYSACCHARIDES; CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDES; ENZYMES AB Preliminary studies by atomization test the application of various kinds of enzymes as a means of tailoring dew-retted flax fibers in a low moisture atmosphere. A series of chemical and physical tests determines the effect of enzymes on fibers and blended yarns (50:50 flax : cotton). GLC analysis of post-treatment fiber washes shows that lipase and cellulase release the most sugars, likely due to structural disorganization of the fiber matrix. Glucose is the sugar most released by enzyme treatment. Mid-infrared spectroscopy of fibers indicates the loss of carbohydrates and the presence of absorbed proteins following all enzyme treatments. All treatments reduce fiber strength and elongation compared to untreated fibers, with cellulase reducing fiber strength the most at 56% of the untreated control. Treatments reduce the occurrence of thick and thin places but reduce yam strength as well. In general, lipase and arabinanase treatments influence yarn properties the most by increasing strength over the buffer-only treatment, increasing elongation over untreated and buffer-treated yams, and reducing neps and thick/thin places. These preliminary results suggest strategies to optimize enzyme treatments for improved textile properties. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Akin, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 73 IS 10 BP 901 EP 906 DI 10.1177/004051750307301009 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 728PZ UT WOS:000185726700009 ER PT J AU Brushwood, DE AF Brushwood, DE TI Noncellulosic constituents on raw cotton and their relationship to fiber physical properties SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Raw cottons contain a number of noncellulosic materials that are generally considered to be surface related and may therefore affect fiber quality. Chemical tests are conducted on cottons originating from different U.S. growing locations to determine reducing sugars, wax, metal contents, and total alcohol extractable materials: Relationships between concentrations of these constituents and conventional fiber physical property measurements are investigated. Increases in HVI and Stelometer fiber strength and RotorRing fiber-to-fiber friction and decreases in Suter-Webb short fiber content are highly related to increases in alcohol extractable materials, fiber ash residues, and total light metal contents. Conversely, increases in the metal calcium correlate with decreases in both fiber strength and fiber-to-fiber friction and increases in short fiber content. Increases in HVI Rd and + b color measurements correlate positively with increasing levels of the metals potassium and magnesium. C1 USDA ARS, SAA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Brushwood, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SAA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 73 IS 10 BP 912 EP 916 DI 10.1177/004051750307301011 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 728PZ UT WOS:000185726700011 ER PT J AU Rousselle, MA Bertoniere, NR Howley, PS Pere, J Buchert, J AF Rousselle, MA Bertoniere, NR Howley, PS Pere, J Buchert, J TI Effect of purified Trichoderma reesei cellulases on the supramolecular structure of cotton cellulose SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FABRICS; HYDROLYSIS; PULP AB Commercial cellulases may contain mixtures of different cellulase components, and properties of cotton fabrics treated with cellulases vary with the nature of these mixtures. This study reports the effect of treatments with cellulase monocomponents on the molecular and supramolecular structures of cotton cellulose. Desized, scoured, and bleached printcloth fabrics prepared from ring spun or rotor spun Deltapine cotton yarns are treated with monocomponent cellulases-endoglucanase I and II and cellobiohydrolase I and II from Trichoderma reesei-in an acetate buffer in stainless steel canisters in the presence of stainless steel ball bearings. The effects of the treatments are reported for fabric weight loss, reducing sugar formation, fabric breaking strength and tearing strength, copper number, water of imbibition, cellulose microstructure as revealed by hydrogen bonding patterns, and fiber pore size distribution. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. VTT, Espoo, Finland. RP Rousselle, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 73 IS 10 BP 921 EP 928 DI 10.1177/004051750307301013 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 728PZ UT WOS:000185726700013 ER PT J AU Conaway-Bormans, CA Marchetti, MA Johnson, CW McClung, AM Park, WD AF Conaway-Bormans, CA Marchetti, MA Johnson, CW McClung, AM Park, WD TI Molecular markers linked to the blast resistance gene Pi-z in rice for use in marker-assisted selection SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE degenerate primers; disease resistance; Oryza sativa L.; Pyricularia grisea; Magnaporthe ID ANALOGS AB Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Pyricularia grisea, is a serious disease affecting rice-growing regions around the world. Current methods for identification of blast-resistant germplasm and progeny typically utilize phenotypic screening. However, phenotypic screens are influenced by environmental conditions and the presence of one resistance gene can sometimes phenotypically mask other genes conferring resistance to the same blast race. Pi-z is a dominant gene located on the short arm of chromosome 6 that confers complete resistance to five races of blast. Using sequence data found in public databases and degenerate primer pairs based on the P-loop, nucleotide binding sites and kinase domain motifs of previously cloned resistance genes, we have developed PCR-based DNA markers that cosegregate with the gene. These markers are polymorphic in a wide range of germplasm, including the narrow crosses characteristic of applied rice-breeding programs. They can now be used as a low cost, high-throughput alternative to conventional phenotypic screening for direct detection of blast resistance genes, allowing rapid introgression of genes into susceptible varieties as well as the incorporation of multiple genes into individual lines for more-durable blast resistance. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. Calif Cooperat Rice Res Fdn, Biggs, CA 95917 USA. RP Park, WD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 107 IS 6 BP 1014 EP 1020 DI 10.1007/s00122-003-1338-5 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 730CH UT WOS:000185811300008 PM 12955204 ER PT J AU de los Reyes, BG Morsy, M Gibbons, J Varma, TSN Antoine, W McGrath, JM Halgren, R Redus, M AF de los Reyes, BG Morsy, M Gibbons, J Varma, TSN Antoine, W McGrath, JM Halgren, R Redus, M TI A snapshot of the low temperature stress transcriptome of developing rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) via ESTs from subtracted cDNA library SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE cDNA subtraction; cold tolerance; EST; transcriptome; upregulated genes ID GENE-EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; INDUCIBLE GENES; HYDROPHOBIC PROTEINS; FREEZING TOLERANCE; COLD-ACCLIMATION; DRAFT SEQUENCE; PLANT; GERMINATION; PATHWAYS AB Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is sensitive to chilling particularly during early seedling development. Given the biochemical complexity of tolerance mechanisms, genetic potential for this trait depends on highly coordinated expression of many genes. We used a simple cDNA subtraction strategy to develop Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) that represent an important subset of cold stress-upregulated genes. The 3,084 subtracted cDNA clones represent a total of 1,967 unigenes from 1,354 singletons and 613 contigs. As expected in the developing seedlings, genes involved in basic cellular processes, i.e., metabolism, growth and development, protein synthesis, folding and destination, cellular transport, cell division and DNA replication were widely represented. Genes with stress-related and regulatory functions comprised 23.17% of the total ESTs. These categories included proteins with known function in cellular defenses against abiotic (drought, cold and salinity) and biotic (pathogen) stresses, and proteins involved in developmental and stress response signalling and transcription. Based on the types of genes represented, tolerance mechanisms rely on precise integration of developmental processes with stress-related responses. A large fraction of the ESTs (38.7%) represents unknown proteins. This EST library is a rich source of cold stress-related genes, and supplements for other publicly available libraries for comprehensive analysis of the stress-response transcriptome. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, USDA ARS, Sugar Beet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Genom Technol Support Facil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP de los Reyes, BG (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, 115 Plant Sci Bldg, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM breyes@uark.edu NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 107 IS 6 BP 1071 EP 1082 DI 10.1007/s00122-003-1344-7 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 730CH UT WOS:000185811300014 PM 12827255 ER PT J AU Johnsen, K Major, JE Maier, CA AF Johnsen, K Major, JE Maier, CA TI Selfing results in inbreeding depression of growth but not of gas exchange of surviving adult black spruce trees SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; SHOOT WATER RELATIONS; CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; DIVERSE SEED SOURCES; PICEA-MARIANA; GENETIC-VARIATION; DIALLEL CROSS; PINUS-RADIATA; FAMILIES; FERTILIZATION AB In most tree species, inbreeding greatly reduces seed production, seed viability, survival and growth. In a previous large-scale quantitative analysis of a black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) diallel experiment, selfing had large deleterious effects on growth but no impact on stable carbon isotope discrimination (an indirect measure of the ratio of net photosynthesis (A) to stomatal conductance (g(wv))). It was hypothesized that selfing has no effect on carbon (C) fixation at the leaf level but impairs subsequent utilization of C. Alternatively, A and g(wv) may be impacted by selfing to the same extent. However, no gas exchange data were collected to test these hypotheses. We have now obtained photosynthetic gas exchange data from three selfed families and three outcrossed families (all the result of controlled pollination) from the same diallel experiment. Photosynthetic responses to intercellular CO2 concentration (A-C-i curves) were generated on four replicates per family, one block per day, over a 4-day period in July. There were no differences between selfed and outcrossed families in maximum carboxylation rate, maximum electron transport, A or g(wv) (both estimated at 370 ppm CO2) or the ratio A/g(wv). Because selfed trees had higher mortality than outcrossed trees during the experiment, we cannot exclude the possibility that previously living selfed progeny had low A. Nevertheless, the data indicate that inbreeding can result in trees that have low productivity despite high A, supporting our hypothesis that gas exchange is similar between selfed and outcrossed progeny trees. We conclude that utilization of fixed C is modified in the surviving selfed progeny. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. RP Johnsen, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 23 IS 14 BP 1005 EP 1008 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 724BM UT WOS:000185466800008 PM 12952787 ER PT J AU Itoh, H Matsuoka, M Steber, CM AF Itoh, H Matsuoka, M Steber, CM TI A role for the ubiquitin-26S-proteasome pathway in gibberellin signaling SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID UBIQUITIN-LIGASE COMPLEX; F-BOX PROTEINS; KAPPA-B-ALPHA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; PROTEASOME PATHWAY; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; RESPONSE MUTANT; BARLEY ALEURONE AB The gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway, like auxin and jasmonate signaling, uses the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to control expression through protein degradation. A conserved F-box protein of an SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase is a positive regulator of GA signaling in Arabidopsis and rice. GA apparently stimulates stem elongation by causing this SCF complex to regulate negatively a family of negative regulators of GA response (the DELLA family of putative transcription factors). The DELLA family members AtRGA or (Repressor of ga1-3) and OsSLR1 (SLENDER RICE1) proteins both appear to be subject to GA-induced proteolysis. The need to have the F-box genes AtSLY1 and OsGID2 for this proteolysis suggests that GA causes proteolysis of AtRGA/OsSLR1 via the SCFAtSLY1/OsGID2 ubiquitin ligase. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Nagoya Univ, Biosci & Biotechnol Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Steber, CM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 60 TC 65 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 8 IS 10 BP 492 EP 497 DI 10.1016/j.tplants.2003.08.002 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 737AR UT WOS:000186206700009 PM 14557046 ER PT J AU Jackson, DM Lawrence, J Dalip, KM Chung, P Clarke-Harris, D Bohac, JR Tolin, S Edwards, C Seal, DR AF Jackson, D. Michael Lawrence, J. Dalip, K. M. Chung, P. Clarke-Harris, D. Bohac, J. R. Tolin, S. Edwards, C. Seal, D. R. TI The sweetpotato leaf beetle, Typophorus nigritus viridicyaneus (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae), an emerging pest in Jamaica: Distribution and host plant resistance SO TROPICAL AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE sweetpotato; ipomoea batatas; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; leaf beetle; Caribbean AB The sweetpotato leaf beetle, Typophorus nigritus viridicyaneus (Crotch) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Eumolpinae) is an emerging pest of sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Convolvulaceae) in Jamaica. Heavy infestations of sweetpotato leaf beetles were reported primarily from sweetpotato fields in St Ann, Clarendon, and St Catherine Parishes in the central portion of Jamaica. Several sweetpotato genotypes from the USDA-ARS sweetpotato breeding programme at the U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC, U.S.A., were evaluated in Jamaica for resistance to the larval stages of this pest. Genotypes White Regal and CD-P53R were the most promising, exhibiting resistance to sweetpotato leaf beetle larvae in the fields in Jamaica. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. CARDI, Kingston, Jamaica. RADA, Kingston, Jamaica. Virginia Tech Univ, Blacksburg, VA USA. Univ Florida, Homestead, FL USA. RP Jackson, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC USA. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TROPICAL AGRICULTURE PI ST AUGUSTINE PA UNIV WEST INDIES, FAC OF AGRICULTURE,, ST AUGUSTINE, TRINID & TOBAGO SN 0041-3216 J9 TROP AGR JI Trop. Agric. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 80 IS 4 BP 235 EP 242 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 213ZY UT WOS:000249707000006 ER PT J AU Filgueira, DMP Zamorano, PI Dominguez, MG Taboga, O Zajac, MPD Puntel, M Romera, SA Morris, TJ Borca, MV Sadir, AM AF Filgueira, DMP Zamorano, PI Dominguez, MG Taboga, O Zajac, MPD Puntel, M Romera, SA Morris, TJ Borca, MV Sadir, AM TI Bovine herpes virus gD protein produced in plants using a recombinant tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) vector possesses authentic antigenicity SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE TMV-based vectors; recombinant protein; bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV-1) ID TRANSGENIC PLANTS; BHV-1 INFECTION; SUBUNIT VACCINE; EXPRESSION; CATTLE; RHINOTRACHEITIS; IMMUNIZATION; PROTECTION; MICE; IMMUNOGENICITY AB A tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-based vector was utilized for expression of a cytosolic form of the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) protein glycoprotein D (gDc). Nicotiana benthamiana plants were harvested 7 days after inoculation with RNA transcripts derived from the TMV-gDc recombinant virus. Recombinant gDc protein of expected electrophoretic mobility accumulated in inoculated leaves to a concentration of about 20 mug/g of fresh leaf tissue. Oil-based vaccines were formulated with crude foliar extracts to immunize mice parentally. After a single injection, animals developed a sustained and specific response to both the isolated gD and native virus particles. Cattle vaccinated with the same gDc containing extracts developed specific humoral and cellular immune responses directed against both the viral gD and BHV-1 particles. Most importantly, animals vaccinated with the plant-produced gDc showed good levels of protection after challenge with the virulent BHV-1. Virus excretion was drastically reduced in these animals, reaching levels comparable to animals vaccinated with a commercial BHV-1 vaccine. The positive immunological characterization obtained for the gDc, indicated that an important part of the natural conformation was retained in the plant recombinant protein. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. INTA, Ctr Invest & Ciencias Vet & Agron, Inst Virol, RA-1712 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. INTA, Ctr Invest & Ciencias Vet & Agron, Inst Biotecnol, RA-1712 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Filgueira, DMP (reprint author), INIA Madrid, Depto Biotechnol, A Coruna Km 7, Madrid 28040, Spain. OI Borca, Manuel/0000-0002-0888-1178 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 27-30 BP 4201 EP 4209 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00495-X PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 747XF UT WOS:000186830800015 ER PT J AU Chen, H Matsuoka, Y Swayne, D Chen, Q Cox, NJ Murphy, BR Subbarao, K AF Chen, H Matsuoka, Y Swayne, D Chen, Q Cox, NJ Murphy, BR Subbarao, K TI Generation and characterization of a cold-adapted influenza A H9N2 reassortant as a live pandemic influenza virus vaccine candidate SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE live attenuated vaccines; influenza H9N2; pandemic influenza vaccines ID HONG-KONG; H5N1 VIRUSES; POULTRY; INFECTION; HUMANS; ATTENUATION; CHILDREN; INFANTS; GENES; MICE AB H9N2 subtype influenza A viruses have been identified in avian species worldwide and were isolated from humans in 1999, raising concerns about their pandernic potential and prompting the development of candidate vaccines to protect humans against this subtype of influenza A virus. Reassortant H1N1 and H3N2 human influenza A viruses with the internal genes of the influenza A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) (AA) cold-adapted (ca) virus have proven to be attenuated and safe as live virus vaccines in humans. Using classical genetic reassortment, we generated a reassortant virus (G9/AA ca) that contains the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes from influenza A/chicken/Hong Kong/G9/97 (H9N2) (G9) and six internal gene segments from the AA ca virus. When administered intranasally, the reassortant virus was immunogenic and protected mice from subsequent challenge with wild-type H9N2 viruses, although it was restricted in replication in the respiratory tract of mice. The G9/AA ca virus bears properties that are desirable in a vaccine for humans and is available for clinical evaluation and use, should the need arise. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 CDC, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Subbarao, K (reprint author), CDC, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 53 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 1 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 27-30 BP 4430 EP 4436 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)0043004 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 747XF UT WOS:000186830800042 PM 14505926 ER PT J AU Crosslin, JM Thomas, PE Hammond, RW AF Crosslin, JM Thomas, PE Hammond, RW TI Genetic variability of genomic RNA 2 of four tobacco rattle tobravirus isolates from potato fields in the Northwestern United States SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tobravirus; tobacco rattle virus; variability; phylogenetic analysis; nematode; vector transmission ID EARLY-BROWNING-VIRUS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; NEMATODE TRANSMISSION; NONSTRUCTURAL GENES; PROTEIN GENE; 2B PROTEIN; PEA; TUBERS; DETERMINANTS AB Sequence analysis of RNA 2 of four Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) isolates collected from potato fields in Oregon (OR2, Umt1), Washington (BM), and Colorado (Cot2) revealed significant homologies to the ORY isolate from North America. Phylogenetic analysis based on a comparison of nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) sequences with other members of the genus Tobravirus indicates that the North American isolates cluster as a distinct group. All of the RNAs are predicted to contain open reading frames (ORFs) potentially encoding the coat protein (CP, ORF 2a) and 37.6 kDa (ORF 2b) ORFs. In addition, they all contain a region of similarity to the 3' terminus of RNA 1 of ORY, including a truncated portion of the 16 kDa cistron from the 3' end of RNA 1. Three of the isolates, which are nematode transmissible, OR2, BM, and Cot2, also contain a third putative ORF (ORF 2c) which encodes a protein of 33.6 kDa. The fourth isolate, Until, which is not nematode transmissible, is the most divergent of the isolates as it encodes a truncated version of ORF 2c. The ORF 2c deletion in Umt1 may contribute to its inability to be transmitted by the vector. The results reported in this article indicate again that the TRV genome is flexible. Interestingly, although both isolates Umt1 and Cot2 were mechanically transmitted to tobacco from potato, only Umt1 exhibits the deletion in RNA 2. TRV Isolate Umt1, therefore, appears to be another example of rapid adaptation of the TRV genome to non-field conditions. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Prod Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Hammond, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 96 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(03)00177-1 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 723TH UT WOS:000185447300009 PM 12951269 ER PT J AU Koger, CH Shaw, DR Watson, CE Reddy, KN AF Koger, CH Shaw, DR Watson, CE Reddy, KN TI Detecting late-season weed infestations in soybean (Glycine max) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESIDUAL HERBICIDES; LIGHT REFLECTANCE; SOIL-PH; INFORMATION; VIDEO; TECHNOLOGIES; COMPETITION; GLYPHOSATE; MANAGEMENT; CORN AB Field experiments were conducted in 1999 at Stoneville, MS, to determine the potential of multispectral imagery for late-season discrimination of weed-infested and weed-free soybean. Plant canopy composition for soybean and weeds was estimated after soybean or weed canopy closure. Weed canopy estimates ranged from 30 to 36% for all weed-infested soybean plots, and weeds present were browntop millet, barnyardgrass, and large crabgrass. In each experiment, data were collected for the green, red, and near-infrared (NIR) spectrums four times after canopy closure. The red and NIR bands were used to develop a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for each plot, and all spectral bands and NDVI were used as classification features to discriminate between weed-infested and weed-free soybean. Spectral response for all bands and NDVI were often higher in weed-infested soybean than in weed-free soybean. Weed infestations were discriminated from weed-free soybean with at least 90% accuracy. Discriminant analysis models formed from one image were 78 to 90% accurate in discriminating weed infestations for other images obtained from the same and other experiments. Multispectral imagery has the potential for discriminating late-season weed infestations across a range of crop growth stages by using discriminant models developed from other imagery data sets. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Agr Forestry & Extens Serv, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Koger, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd,POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 696 EP 704 DI 10.1614/WT02-122 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 755UN UT WOS:000187430000007 ER PT J AU Donald, WW Johnson, WG AF Donald, WW Johnson, WG TI Interference effects of weed-infested bands in or between crop rows on field corn (Zea mays) yield SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; RELATIVE LEAF COVER; CRITICAL PERIOD; GROUND COVER; LIVING MULCH; AMARANTHUS-RETROFLEXUS; APPLIED HERBICIDE; COMMON COCKLEBUR; DENSITY; GROWTH AB The effect of season-long interference by bands of weeds growing only between rows (BR) on field corn yields has not been reported before or compared with weedy and weed-free (i.e., weeded) plots or bands of weeds growing only in row (IR). The null hypothesis of this research was that field corn yields would be ranked as weed-free > BR weedy only > IR weedy only > weedy (IR + BR weedy) in response to season-long weed interference by these four treatments. Weeds growing as bands closest to field corn were expected to reduce field corn yields more than those growing as bands further away between field corn rows. Field corn yield response to these four weed interference treatments was studied in Missouri for 4 yr. In late summer, most weed ground cover consisted of giant foxtail, the chief weed present, and common waterhemp, a lesser weed. Observed field corn yields averaged for 4 yr were ranked as weed-free > IR weedy only > BR weedy only > weedy. Field corn yields of the IR weedy only, BR weedy only, and weedy treatments averaged 76, 63, and 41%, respectively, of the weed-free treatment (=7,820 kg/ha). In two of the 4 yr, field corn yield of the IR weedy treatment exceeded that of the BR weedy treatment, whereas these treatments could not be statistically distinguished from one another in the other 2 yr. These research results refute the null hypothesis and demonstrate that it may be more critical to control BR than IR weeds, although controlling both BR and IR weeds maximized field corn yields. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Donald, WW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 755 EP 763 DI 10.1614/WT02-155 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 755UN UT WOS:000187430000016 ER PT J AU Kegode, GO Forcella, F Durgan, BR AF Kegode, GO Forcella, F Durgan, BR TI Effects of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) management alternatives on weed seed production SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOXTAIL SETARIA-VIRIDIS; GREEN FOXTAIL; MOISTURE; GROWTH; EMERGENCE; DYNAMICS; TILLAGE; CROPS; SOIL; DATE AB Common management alternatives were compared in a factorial arrangement for 2 yr to determine their effects on green foxtail and yellow foxtail seed production in spring wheat in the Northern Great Plains of the United States. Seed production was measured twice, at wheat harvest (in August) and postharvest (after first lethal frost in autumn). Management alternatives were early, middle, and late crop-sowing dates; no-till, chisel, and moldboard plow tillage systems; and broadleaf herbicide only and broadleaf herbicide plus fenoxaprop applications. Fenoxaprop reduced foxtail seed production at wheat harvest but not at postharvest. Early sowing also decreased seed production at wheat harvest but increased postharvest seed production. Tillage system had no consistent effects on foxtail seed production. Postharvest seed production often was greater than or equal to that at wheat harvest regardless of management system. These results indicate that in-crop management alternatives, such as postemergence grass herbicide and early crop sowing, may lower the number of foxtail seeds at harvest substantially, but they must be accompanied by postharvest weed control to reduce overall seed production. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Minnesota, W Cent Res & Outreach Ctr, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Kegode, GO (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 764 EP 769 DI 10.1614/WT02-151 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 755UN UT WOS:000187430000017 ER PT J AU Forcella, F Poppe, SR Hansen, NC Head, WA Hoover, E Propsom, F McKensie, J AF Forcella, F Poppe, SR Hansen, NC Head, WA Hoover, E Propsom, F McKensie, J TI Biological mulches for managing weeds in transplanted strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cover crop; landscape fabric; weed control; weed management ID TEMPERATURE; PLANTS; YIELD AB Diminishing availability and increasing costs of herbicides cause strawberry growers to seek both chemical and nonchemical alternatives, especially for within-row weed control soon after strawberries are transplanted. Several weed control treatments for strawberry establishment were examined during 2 yr in Minnesota. Treatments included: woolen landscaping fabric centered over the crop row; as above, but 2-ply fabric; spring canola incorporated into soil when 30 cm tall; as above, but canola killed with burndown herbicide and left as mulch; standard herbicide, DCPA; hand weeded; and no weed control. Areas between all strawberry rows were cultivated. Measurements included weed densities and weights, numbers of strawberry daughter plants, and fruit yield I yr after transplantation. The best alternative treatment was the I-ply woolen fabric. It nearly eliminated weeds from rows, promoted daughter plant rooting, and allowed maximum fruit yields, equivalent to those of the DCPA and hand-weeded treatments. Canola mulch controlled weeds inconsistently and achieved only modest to low production of daughter plants and fruit. Weed control and fruit yield with incorporated canola were similar to the weedy check treatment. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Minnesota, W Cent Res & Outres Ctr, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Forcella, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 782 EP 787 DI 10.1614/WT02-167 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 755UN UT WOS:000187430000020 ER PT J AU Bryson, CI Reddy, KN Molin, WT AF Bryson, CI Reddy, KN Molin, WT TI Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) population dynamics in narrow row transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and soybean (Glycine max) rotation SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE purple nutsedge tuber; transgenic crop ID WEED-CONTROL; ESCULENTUS; YELLOW; TRANSLOCATION; GLYPHOSATE; HERBICIDES; ABSORPTION; TOXICITY AB A 4-yr field study was conducted during 1998 through 2001 at Stoneville, MS, to determine the effects of narrow-row transgenic cotton and soybean rotation on purple nutsedge populations and crop yield. Crop rotations over 4 yr included cotton and soybean sown in the following patterns: CCSS, CSCS, SCSC, SSCC, and continuous cotton (CCCC) and soybean (SSSS), where cotton is denoted as (C) and soybean as (S), all with herbicide programs that were glyphosate based, non-glyphosate based, or no purple-nutsedge control (NPNC). Purple nutsedge populations and shoot dry biomass were reduced in cotton and soybean rotation and continuous soybean by 72 and 92%, respectively, whereas in continuous cotton, purple nutsedge populations increased by 67% and shoot dry biomass was reduced by 32% after 4 yr. Reductions in purple nutsedge populations also occurred in soybean when cotton was rotated with soybean (CSCS and SCSC), compared with continuous cotton. Among herbicide programs, the glyphosate-based program was more effective in reducing purple nutsedge populations, compared with the non-glyphosate-based program. Seed cotton yield was greater with cotton following soybean (SCSC) than with cotton following cotton (CCCC, CCSS) in 1999. However, seed cotton yields were similar regardless of crop rotation systems in 2000 and 2001. Seed cotton yields were equivalent in the glyphosate-based and non-glyphosate-based programs in 1999 and 2001. During 1999 to 2001, seed cotton yields were reduced by 62 to 85% in NPNC compared with yields in glyphosate- and non-glyphosate-based programs. Soybean yields were unaffected by crop rotation systems in all the 4 yr. Among herbicide programs, non-glyphosate-based program in all 4 yr and glyphosate-based program in 1999 and 2000 gave higher soybean yield compared with NPNC. After 4 yr of rotation, purple nutsedge tubers and plant density were highest in continuous cotton and lowest in continuous soybean. Both herbicide programs reduced tubers per core and plant density compared with NPNC, and the glyphosate-based program was more effective than the non-glyphosate-based program. These results show that in cotton production, severe infestations of purple nutsedge can be managed by rotating cotton with soybean or by using glyphosate-based herbicide program in glyphosate-resistant cotton. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bryson, CI (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 805 EP 810 DI 10.1614/WT02-177 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 755UN UT WOS:000187430000024 ER PT J AU Progar, RA AF Progar, RA TI Verbenone reduces mountain pine beetle attack in lodgepole pine SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Pinus contorta; Dendroctonus ponderosae; campgrounds; verbenone ID SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB Mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, is the most common cause of mortality of mature lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia). In 2000-2002 the antiaggregative compound verbenone was applied annually to the same lodgepole pine stands in campgrounds and resort facilities at the Sawtooth National Recreation Area in central Idaho to assess its ability in deterring mountain pine beetle attack through the course of a multiyear outbreak. Verbenone was applied at the rate of forty 5g pouches/ac releasing 25-35 mg/24h at 20degreesC. Significantly fewer trees were attacked and killed in the verbenone plots during 2000 and 2001. However, of the plots containing verbenone, a higher percentage of large trees were attacked in the second year of treatment, suggesting that the efficacy of verbenone may diminish under increasing beetle pressure. In 2002, there were nearly twice as many trees attacked and killed in the verbenone plots as in the untreated plots. It is hypothesized that the change in the performance of verbenone may be due to the large beetle population overwhelming the treatment or because mountain pine beetles undergo a change in their response to verbenone that may be attributed to small diameter host trees. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Boise Field Off, Boise, ID 83709 USA. RP Progar, RA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Boise Field Off, 1249 S Vinnell Way,Suite 200, Boise, ID 83709 USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 18 IS 4 BP 229 EP 232 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 732KG UT WOS:000185942700002 ER PT J AU McIver, JD Adams, PW Doyal, JA Drews, ES Hartsough, BR Kellogg, LD Niwa, CG Ottmar, R Peck, R Taratoot, M Torgersen, T Youngblood, A AF McIver, JD Adams, PW Doyal, JA Drews, ES Hartsough, BR Kellogg, LD Niwa, CG Ottmar, R Peck, R Taratoot, M Torgersen, T Youngblood, A TI Environmental effects and economics of mechanized logging for fuel reduction in northeastern Oregon mixed-conifer stands SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE fire risk reduction; soil compaction; skyline yarding; forwarder; single-grip harvester ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FIR REGENERATION; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; DECAY; GRAND; FUNGI; PINE AB Fuel reduction by mechanical thinning and removal was studied in mixed-conifer stands in northeastern Oregon between 1995 and 1997. A single-grip harvester was coupled with either a forwarder or a skyline yarding system, and operational economics, fuel reduction, stand damage, soil disturbance, effects on soil biota and down-woody material were measured in three replicates of paired stands. After logging with the harvester, the two log-extraction systems achieved nearly equivalent fuel reduction with 45.7 and 46.8% mass reduction by the forwarder and skyline system, respectively. Fine-woody fuel increased slightly in all units, but mass of heavy fuels decreased. Most mass reduction in the forest floor occurred in the duff layer with 56 and 49% reduction in forwarder and skyline units, respectively. Reduction in stem density and basal area were similar for the two extraction systems; in forwarder units stem density was reduced by 61.6% and basal area by 55.4%, while in skyline units stem density was reduced by 66.5% and basal area by 51.1%. Of seedlings and trees examined, 32% had noticeable damage after harvest. Damage included bole wounding (38.9% of damaged stems), bark scraping (35.0%), wrenched stems (28.9%), broken branches (26.5%), broken terminal leaders (15.4%), and crushed foliage (4.1%). More damage occurred to residual large trees than to seedlings. Both log-extraction systems met the silvicultural prescription of reducing fuel and protecting residual large-diameter western larch, Engelmann spruce, Douglas-fir, and lodgepole pine. While fuel, stem, and basal area reduction lowered fire risk from a model 10 to a model 8 in all stands, large-woody material for wildlife also changed. Mean log length was lower in harvested units relative to unharvested controls, but this did not decrease occupation of logs by ants or the activities of woodpeckers feeding on them. Of 37 logged hectares, 1.4% (0.5 ha) of the soil area was compacted, mostly in forwarder units, within landings, and within trails close to landings. The percent area with displaced soil varied from 5 to 43% among units and was located within trails or in intertrail areas between the trails. Light displacement of soil resulted in a short-term increase in the abundance of soil microarthropods. The effects of compaction on litter microarthropods was more persistent, with lower numbers in compacted litter a year after harvest. While revenue was similar for forwarder and skyline units ($68 vs. $70/metric ton, respectively), total operational costs were $81/metric ton in the skyline units, compared to $46/metric ton in the forwarder units. These results are discussed in the context of options available to managers for balancing fuel reduction needs with both environmental and economic constraints. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Publ Works Dept, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. RP McIver, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009 OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 18 IS 4 BP 238 EP 249 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 732KG UT WOS:000185942700004 ER PT J AU McMillin, JD Allen, KK Long, DF Harris, JL Negron, JF AF McMillin, JD Allen, KK Long, DF Harris, JL Negron, JF TI Effects of western balsam bark beetle on spruce-fir forests of north-central Wyoming SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE bark beetles; Dryocoetes confusus; forest dynamics; insect impact; Scolytidae ID DRYOCOETES-CONFUSUS COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; INFESTATION; BREVICOMIN; PHEROMONE AB Western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), has caused widespread mortality of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) in western North America throughout the past decade. The objectives of this study were to document the effects of this mortality, relate mortality to pre-existing stand conditions, and investigate the role of storm-damaged fir in beetle population dynamics in north-central Wyoming. Transect cruise lines and pairs of infested and uninfested plots were installed to detect changes in the forest overstory and understory and to determine associations between stand conditions and beetle-caused fir mortality. On average, beetles killed more than 70 trees/ac over the last several years. This mortality resulted in significant decreases in: subalpine fir basal area, trees per acre, stand density index, and the percentage of subalpine fir stems in the overstory. Small, but significant increases were detected in the understory; herbaceous plant abundance increased in the infested plots compared with the noninfested plots. Moreover, significant positive linear relationships were found between the amount of fir mortality and the percentage of subalpine fir trees in a stand, subalpine fir basal area, and subalpine fir stand density index. In addition, a significant positive linear relationship was found between the percentage of wind-caused downed fir logs in an area and the percentage of logs utilized by western balsam bark beetle. The blowdown events that occurred in the mid-1990s in combination with a high percentage of fir component has provided ideal conditions,for continued beetle expansion. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Protect, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80256 USA. RP McMillin, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Protect, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM jmcmillin@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 18 IS 4 BP 259 EP 266 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 732KG UT WOS:000185942700006 ER PT J AU Negron, JF Wilson, JL AF Negron, JF Wilson, JL TI Attributes associated with probability of infestation by the pinon IPS, IPS confusus (Coleoptera : Scolytidae), in pinon pine, Pinus edulis SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Ips confusus; pinon IPS; bark beetles; Pinus edulis; pinon pine ID SPRUCE BEETLE HAZARD; LODGEPOLE PINE; PONDEROSA PINE; KENAI PENINSULA; STANDS; ATTACK; ALASKA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CLASSIFICATION; THICKNESS AB We examined attributes of pifion pine (Pinus edulis) associated with the probability of infestation by pi (n) over tilde on (Ips confusus) in an outbreak in the Coconino National Forest, Arizona. We used data collected from 87 plots, 59 infested and 28 uninfested, and a logistic regression approach to estimate the probability of infestation based on plot and tree-level attributes. Pi (n) over tilde on pine stand density index was a good predictor of the likelihood of infestation by pifion ips at the plot level, and a cross-validation analysis confirmed that the model correctly classified 82% of the cases. Diameter at root collar and pifion dwarf mistletoe infestation level were good predictors of individual tree infestation, and a cross-validation analysis indicated that the model correctly classified 72% of the cases. Results suggest that the occurrcnee of pifion ips infestations may be related to stress factors associated with increased stocking and pi (n) over tilde on dwarf mistletoe infestations. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Protect, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Negron, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 51 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD OCT PY 2003 VL 63 IS 4 BP 440 EP 451 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 754FW UT WOS:000187292900004 ER PT J AU Kerns, BK Moore, MA Timpson, ME Hart, SC AF Kerns, BK Moore, MA Timpson, ME Hart, SC TI Soil properties associated with vegetation patches in a Pinus ponderosa-bunchgrass mosaic SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE forest soils; grassland soils; phytoliths; biosequence; nonmetric multidimensional scaling ID ORGANIC-MATTER; GREAT-PLAINS; FOREST; SAVANNA; CARBON; DECOMPOSITION; RESTORATION; GRASSLAND; ECOSYSTEM; CLIMATE AB Since Euro-American settlement, fire exclusion and other factors have dramatically altered interior western coniferous forests. Once open and parklike, present-day structure in many southwestern Pinus ponderosa forests consists of dense stands of young, small-diameter trees, with small patches of larger, old trees, and relict open bunchgrass areas. Our objectives were to assess differences in soil properties associated with these different vegetation patches. We examined soil morphological characteristics, pH, organic C concentration, total N concentration, C:N ratio, and phytolith concentration from profiles within 6 transects (18 soil pedons) crossing patches of dense stands of small diameter trees, patchs of old-growth trees, and open grassy areas. Results indicate that old-growth plots had significantly lower A horizon pH and thicker O horizons than grass plots. In general, we found vegetation patches had statistically similar C and N concentrations and GN ratios for A and B horizons; however, C in the A horizon was positively correlated with O horizon accumulation (r(2) = 0.79). Greater accumulation of organic C in the A horizon of forested areas contrasts with commonly reported results front mesic, mid-continental prairie-forest ecosystems but is typical for many arid, semiarid, and humid savanna ecosystems. Phytolitb concentration was similar among old-growth pine, dense younger pine, and open grassy plots; the lack of a spatial pattern in phytolith distribution could indicate that grass cover was more spatially continuous in the past. Additionally, this interpretation is consistent with current theories regarding historical vegetation change in these forests. C1 No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Coll Ecosyst Sci & Management, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Nat Resource Grp Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55402 USA. RP Kerns, BK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 72 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 10 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD OCT PY 2003 VL 63 IS 4 BP 452 EP 462 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 754FW UT WOS:000187292900005 ER PT J AU McMillin, JD Allen, KK AF McMillin, JD Allen, KK TI Effects of Douglas-fir beetle (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) infestations on forest overstory and understory conditions in western Wyoming SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus pseudotsugae; bark beetles; Scolytidae; insect impact; forest dynamics ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE AB Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk.) infestations frequently result from disturbance events that create large volumes of weakened Douglas-fir trees, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. Previous research has focused on determining susceptibility of forest stands to Douglas-fir beetle and predicting the amount of tree mortality from Douglas-fir beetle infestations following disturbance events. Little work has been done on consequent changes in the forest overstory and understory. In the early 1990s, populations of Douglas-fir beetle increased in fire-scorched trees, subsequently infesting undamaged neighboring stands in the Rocky Mountains of western Wyoming, USA. In 1999 transect sampling and 25 pairs of previously infested and uninfested plots were used to quantify changes in forest stand conditions and ensuing responses in the understory caused by Douglas-fir beetle infestations. Significant effects of the Douglas-fir beetle infestation comprised 3 general categories: (1) overstory effects: basal area was reduced by 40%-70%, average tree diameter decreased by 8%-40%, and the Douglas-fir component of the overstory decreased by more than 12%; (2) regeneration effects: conifer seedling regeneration increased nearly fourfold in infested plots and 90% of the regeneration was Douglas-fir; (3) understory effects: understory vegetation (forbs, grass, and shrubs) had a threefold increase in infested compared with uninfested plots. In addition, basal area of Douglas-fir killed by the Douglas-fir beetle was significantly correlated with initial Douglas-fir basal area and percentage of Douglas-fir, but not with stand density index, tree diameter, or trees per hectare. Significant inverse relationships also were found between post-infestation basal area and abundance of forbs, grass, and shrubs, and understory height. Thus, we found that Douglas-fir beetle infestations cause significant short-term effects in both the overstory and understory and contribute to an altered mosaic in forest structure. C1 US Forest Serv, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP McMillin, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD OCT PY 2003 VL 63 IS 4 BP 498 EP 506 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 754FW UT WOS:000187292900010 ER PT J AU Green, DW Evans, JW Craig, BA AF Green, DW Evans, JW Craig, BA TI Durability of structural lumber products at high temperatures. Part I. 66 degrees C at 75%RH and 82 degrees C at 30%RH SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lumber; laminated veneer lumber; laminated strand lumber; modulus of rupture; modulus of elasticity; long-term temperature exposure ID ISOCYANATE RESIN ADHESIVES; WOOD; DEGRADATION; STRENGTH; MODEL AB Background. The effect of temperature on properties can be separated into reversible and permanent effects. The National Design Specification (NDS) provides factors (C-t) for reducing properties for reversible effects but provides little guidance on permanent effects. Objectives. The primary objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of prolonged heating (permanent effect) on the flexural properties of solid-sawn and composite lumber products exposed at 66 degrees C and 75% relative humidity (RH) and at 82 degrees C and 30% RH. A second objective is to determine how to estimate total effects. Procedures. Solid-sawn lumber, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), and laminated strand lumber (LSL) were heated continuously for up to 6 years. After each exposure period, the lumber was conditioned to room temperature at the specified RH and then tested on edge in third-point bending. Some lumber was also tested hot at 66 degrees C after 48 h of exposure and after 3 years of exposure. Results. After 3 years of continuous exposure at 66 degrees C and 75% RH, solid-sawn Spruce-Pine-Fir (SPF) and Douglas-fir retained about 72% of their original modulus of rupture (MOR) and southern pine about 47%. For the first 2 to 3 years of exposure, changes in MOR of LVL were similar to that of solid-sawn SPF and Douglas-fir. After almost 6 years of exposure, SPF retained about 67% MOR and LVL 26% to 49%. The MOR of LSL was more sensitive to duration of exposure than was the MOR of either solid-sawn lumber or LVL, with a residual MOR of 47% after 28 months. After 21 months at 82 degrees C and 30% RH, solid-sawn lumber retained 50% to 55% MOR, LVL 41%, and LSL 45%. For all products, modulus of elasticity was less sensitive to thermal degradation than was MOR. Conclusions. The effect of temperature on MOR of solid-sawn lumber is independent of grade. Composite lumber is more sensitive than solid-sawn to change in strength due to thermal degradation. The difference in MOR between species and product types may be less at low humidity levels than at high. The total effect of temperature on MOR can be estimated by adding the reversible plus the permanent effects. Available literature suggests that the wood used in attics of residential construction is not likely to experience significant accumulation of exposure at temperatures greater than or equal to 66 degrees C over the life of the structure. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. A Weyerhaueser Business, Boise, ID USA. RP Green, DW (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 35 IS 4 BP 499 EP 523 PG 25 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 742QL UT WOS:000186529500003 ER PT J AU Marion, DA Weirich, F AF Marion, DA Weirich, F TI Equal-mobility bed load transport in a small, step-pool channel in the Ouachita Mountains SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Binghamton International Geomorphology Symposium CY OCT 20-21, 2001 CL UNIV N CAROLINA, CHAPEL HILL, NORTH CAROLINA SP James & Marilyn Lovell Ctr, SW Texas State Univ, Dept Geog, Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Iowa, Dept Geog, Mt GeoDynam Res Grp, Int Year Mt HO UNIV N CAROLINA DE bed load transport; equal mobility; size-selective; step-pool channel; bed material size; bankfull streamflow ID BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SEDIMENT STORAGE; GRAVEL; ENTRAINMENT; MORPHOLOGY; STREAMS; OREGON; RIVER; RATES AB Equal-mobility transport (EMT) of bed load is more evident than size-selective transport during near-bankfall flow events in a small, step-pool channel in the Ouachita Mountains of central Arkansas. Bed load transport modes were studied by simulating five separate runoff events with peak discharges between 0.25 and 1.34 m(3)/s (1.0- to 1.6-year recurrence intervals) in a natural channel using controlled releases from a storage tank. EMT occurrence was investigated using four different bed load relationships suggested by previous research. With each of these approaches, the relationship of a given bed load characteristic (D-max, distribution percentile, displacement distance and skewness) to some independent factor (tau(c)*, tau and grain size) was assessed to determine which transport mode was evident. Regression models derived using combinations of these four relationships with different datasets provide seven separate tests. Five of the seven tests indicate that EMT occurred or was predominant. Several reasons may explain the apparent contradictory results, but the confounding effects of changes in the structural arrangements of bed material prior to or during the events seem particularly important. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Marion, DA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. OI Marion, Daniel/0000-0002-5871-8969 NR 34 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD SEP 30 PY 2003 VL 55 IS 1-4 BP 139 EP 154 DI 10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00137-5 PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 734JV UT WOS:000186052900010 ER PT J AU Birekland, PW Shroba, RR Burns, SF Price, AB Tonkin, PJ AF Birekland, PW Shroba, RR Burns, SF Price, AB Tonkin, PJ TI Integrating soils and geomorphology in mountains - an example from the Front Range of Colorado SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Binghamton International Geomorphology Symposium CY OCT 20-21, 2001 CL UNIV N CAROLINA, CHAPEL HILL, NORTH CAROLINA SP James & Marilyn Lovell Ctr, SW Texas State Univ, Dept Geog, Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Coll Arts & Sci, Univ Iowa, Dept Geog, Mt GeoDynam Res Grp, Int Year Mt HO UNIV N CAROLINA DE geomorphology; soils; mountains; Front Range of Colorado ID PINEDALE; USA; MORAINE; RIDGE; RATES; PARK AB Soil distribution in high mountains reflects the impact of several soil-forming factors. Soil geomorphologists use key pedological properties to estimate ages of Quaternary deposits of various depositional environments, estimate long-term stability and instability of landscapes, and make inferences on past climatic change. Once the influence of the soil-forming factors is known, soils can be used to help interpret some aspects of landscape evolution that otherwise might go undetected. The Front Range of Colorado rises from the plains of the Colorado Piedmont at about 1700 in past a widespread, dissected Tertiary erosion surface between 2300 and 2800 m up to an alpine Continental Divide at 3600 to over 4000 m. Pleistocene valley glaciers reached the western edge of the erosion surface. Parent rocks are broadly uniform (granitic and gneissic). Climate varies from 46 cm mean annual precipitation (MAP) and 11 degreesC mean annual temperature (MAT) in the plains to 102 cm and -4 degreesC, respectively, near the range crest. Vegetation follows climate with grassland in the plains, forest in the mountains, and tundra above 3450 m. Soils reflect the bioclimatic transect from plains to divide: A/Bw or Bt/Bk or K (grassland) to A/E/Bw or Bt/C (forest) to A/Bw/C (tundra). Corresponding soil pH values decrease from 8 to less than 5 with increasing elevation. The pedogenic clay minerals dominant in each major vegetation zone are: smectite (grassland), vermiculite (forest), and 1.0-1.8 nm mixed-layer clays (tundra). Within the lower forested zone, the topographic factor (aspect) results in more leached, colder soils, with relatively thin 0 horizons, well-expressed E horizons and Bt horizons (Alfisols) on N-facing slopes, whereas soils with thicker A horizons, less developed or no E horizons, and Bw or Bt horizons (Mollisols) are more common on S-facing slopes. The topographic factor in the tundra results in soil patterns as a consequence of wind-redistributed snow and the amount of time it lingers on the landscape. An important parent material factor is airborne dust, which results in fine-grained surface horizons and, if infiltrated, contributes to clay accumulation in some Bt horizons. The time factor is evaluated by soil chronosequence studies of Quaternary deposits in tundra, upper forest, and plains grassland. Few soils in the study area are >10,000 years old in the tundra, >100,000 years old in the forest, and >2 million years old in the grassland. Stages of granite weathering vary with distance from the Continental Divide and the best developed is grus near the sedimentary/granitic rock contact just west of the mountain front. Grus takes a minimum of 100,000 years to form. Some of the relations indicated by the soil map patterns are: (1) parts of the erosion surface have been stable for 100,000 years or more; (2) development of grus near the mountain front could be due in part to pre-Pennsylvanian weathering;, (3) a few soil properties reflect Quaternary paleoclimate; and (4) a correlation between soil development in the canyons and stream incision rates. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Lakewood, CO 80215 USA. Lincoln Univ, Soil Plant & Ecol Sci Div, Canterbury, New Zealand. RP Birekland, PW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD SEP 30 PY 2003 VL 55 IS 1-4 BP 329 EP 344 DI 10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00148-X PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 734JV UT WOS:000186052900021 ER PT J AU Kasischke, ES Hewson, JH Stocks, B van der Werf, G Randerson, J AF Kasischke, ES Hewson, JH Stocks, B van der Werf, G Randerson, J TI The use of ATSR active fire counts for estimating relative patterns of biomass burning - a study from the boreal forest region SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NOAA-AVHRR; EMISSIONS; ALASKA; AREA AB [1] Satellite fire products have the potential to construct inter-annual time series of fire activity, but estimating area burned requires considering biases introduced by orbiting geometry, fire behavior, and the presence of clouds and smoke. Here we evaluated the performance of fire counts from the Advanced Thermal Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) for the boreal forest region using area burned information from other sources. We found ATSR detection rate varied between regions and different years, being higher during large fire years than during small fire years. The results show ATSR fire counts do not represent an unbiased sample of fire activity, and independent validation may be required prior to using this data set in studies of global emissions from biomass burning. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. NASA, USDA, FAS, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kasischke, ES (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, 2181 LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ekasisch@geog.umd.edu; jhewsons@glue.umd.edu; bstocks@nrcan.gc.can; jimr@gps.caltech.edu RI van der Werf, Guido/M-8260-2016 OI van der Werf, Guido/0000-0001-9042-8630 NR 25 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 30 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 18 AR 1969 DI 10.1029/2003GL017859 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 731MA UT WOS:000185887900002 ER PT J AU Oliver, JH Lin, T Gao, L Clark, KL Banks, CW Durden, LA James, AM Chandler, FW AF Oliver, JH Lin, T Gao, L Clark, KL Banks, CW Durden, LA James, AM Chandler, FW TI An enzootic transmission cycle of Lyme borreliosis spirochetes in the southeastern United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BURGDORFERI SENSU-LATO; SOUTH-CAROLINA; RODENTS; DISEASE; TICKS; FLORIDA; MICE AB Lyme borreliosis, or Lyme disease (LD), is a tick-borne zoonotic infection of biomedical significance, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) spirochetes and transmitted by Ixodes species ticks. it usually circulates among wildlife vertebrate reservoirs and vector ticks but may infect humans, causing multisystem problems. In far western and northern North America, the host reservoirs, tick vectors, and genospecies of Borrelia are well known but not so in the southern U.S., where there is controversy as to the presence of "true" LD. Here we report the presence of the LD spirochete B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) and Borrelia bissettii, three main reservoir hosts, and two enzootic tick vectors in the southeastern U.S. The two enzootic tick vectors, Ixodes affinis and Ixodes minor, rarely bite humans but are more important than the human biting "bridge" vector, Ixodes scapularis, in maintaining the enzootic spirochete cycle in nature. We also report extraordinary longevities and infections in the reservoir rodents Peromyscus gossypinus, Sigmodon hispidus, and Neotoma floridana. C1 Georgia So Univ, Inst Arthropodol & Parasitol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. Univ N Florida, Dept Hlth Sci, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Pathol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. RP Oliver, JH (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Inst Arthropodol & Parasitol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. NR 24 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 30 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 20 BP 11642 EP 11645 DI 10.1073/pnas.1434553100 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 727XG UT WOS:000185685700084 PM 14500917 ER PT J AU Sharma, VK Carles, C Fletcher, JC AF Sharma, VK Carles, C Fletcher, JC TI Maintenance of stem cell populations in plants SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Arthur M Sackler Colloquium of the National-Academy-of-Sciences on Regenerative Medicine CY OCT 18-22, 2002 CL IRVINE, CALIFORNIA SP Natl Acad Sci ID LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT; SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM; RECEPTOR PROTEIN-KINASE; FLORAL HOMEOTIC GENE; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; TIP GROWTH; CLAVATA1 AB Flowering plants have the unique ability to produce new organs continuously, for hundreds of years in some species, from stem cell populations maintained at their actively growing tips. The shoot tip is called the shoot apical meristem, and it acts as a self-renewing source of undifferentiated, pluripotent stem cells whose descendents become incorporated into organ and tissue primordia and acquire different fates. Stem cell maintenance is an active process, requiring constant communication between different regions of the shoot apical meristem to coordinate loss of stem cells from the meristem through differentiation with their replacement through cell division. Stem cell research in model plant systems is facilitated by the fact that mutants with altered meristem cell identity or accumulation are viable, allowing dissection of stem cell behavior by using genetic, molecular, and biochemical methods. Such studies have determined that in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana stem cell maintenance information flows via a signal transduction pathway that is established during embryogenesis and maintained throughout the life cycle. Signaling through this pathway results in the generation of a spatial feedback loop, involving both positive and negative interactions, that maintains stem cell homeostasis. Stem cell activity during reproductive development is terminated by a temporal feedback loop involving both stem cell maintenance genes and a phase-specific flower patterning gene. Our current investigations provide additional insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate stem cell activity in higher plants. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Plant Gene Express Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Fletcher, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Plant Gene Express Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 68 TC 38 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 30 PY 2003 VL 100 SU 1 BP 11823 EP 11829 DI 10.1073/pnas.1834206100 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 729ZP UT WOS:000185805000003 PM 12930889 ER PT J AU Williams, L Martinson, TE AF Williams, L Martinson, TE TI Nondestructive leaf area estimation of 'Niagara' and 'DeChaunac' grapevines SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Vitis labruscana; V. riparia; V. vinifera; grape leaf area ID VITIS-VINIFERA L; LINEAR MEASUREMENTS; WEIGHT AB Leaves were sampled from Vitis labruscana Bailey cv. 'Niagara' and the interspecific hybrid 'DeChaunac' grapevines several times during a 2-year investigation of leaf area estimation. Linear measurements of leaf length and width were made and correlated with leaf area measurements made with a computerized image processing system. For each cultivar, nine regression equations were derived and compared. Most models resulted in high (R-2 = 0.90) coefficients of determination, but the power model using leaf width provided a high R 2 and relatively low standard error of the estimate ('Niagara': area = 0.637W(1.995), R-2 = 0.9821, and S.E. = 10.58; 'DeChaunac': area = 0.672W(1.963), R-2 = 0.9632, S.E. = 5.67). Use of single-variable equations facilitates simple, rapid, and accurate estimation of 'Niagara' and 'DeChaunac' leaf area. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Cornell Cooperat Extens, Penn Yan, NY 14527 USA. RP Williams, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 11 TC 53 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD SEP 29 PY 2003 VL 98 IS 4 BP 493 EP 498 DI 10.1016/S0304-4238(03)00020-7 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 725FB UT WOS:000185532200016 ER PT J AU Clark, TL Griffiths, M Reeder, MJ Latham, D AF Clark, TL Griffiths, M Reeder, MJ Latham, D TI Numerical simulations of grassland fires in the Northern Territory, Australia: A new subgrid-scale fire parameterization SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE combustion; numerical modeling; parameterization; wildfire ID SMALL IMPLICIT DIFFUSION; DYNAMICS; MODEL AB [1] A new subgrid-scale parameterization is developed to incorporate the effects of wild fires into a numerical model of the atmosphere. The parameterization is written in terms of the temperature of the combusting material and the concentration of the unburned airborne fuel. There are two central assumptions on which the parameterization rests. First, the transport of oxygen into the region of combustion, which limits the rate of oxidation, is represented by Rayleigh mixing with a fixed timescale. Second, the combusting gases and the atmosphere are treated as separate fluids. For simplicity, the effects of conduction between the combusting fluid and the atmosphere are purposely not considered in this paper. This means that the grid-scale buoyancy is defined as a volume average of the buoyancy of the combusting fluid and the ambient atmosphere, and that fire-induced buoyancy is confined to the region containing the combusting gases. These assumptions lead to a highly simplified system capturing the essence of the combustion process. The parameterization is used in a simulation of an observed grass fire in the Northern Territory (Australia). C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Monash Univ, Ctr Dynam Meteorol & Oceanog, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Rockt Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. RP Clark, TL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Div, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM michael.reeder@monash.edu.au RI Reeder, Michael/G-2304-2011 OI Reeder, Michael/0000-0002-4583-5875 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 27 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D18 AR 4589 DI 10.1029/2002JD003340 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727GV UT WOS:000185651000001 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Ye, JP Gao, ZG Youn, HS Lee, WH Zhao, L Sizemore, N Hwang, DH AF Lee, JY Ye, JP Gao, ZG Youn, HS Lee, WH Zhao, L Sizemore, N Hwang, DH TI Reciprocal modulation of toll-like receptor-4 signaling pathways involving MyD88 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT by saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; MITOGEN-INDUCIBLE CYCLOOXYGENASE; CONFERS LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE RESPONSIVENESS; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; HUMAN COLON-CANCER; ADAPTER PROTEIN; CPG-DNA; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY; RELA/P65 SUBUNIT AB Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) can be activated by non-bacterial agonists, including saturated fatty acids. However, downstream signaling pathways activated by non-bacterial agonists are not known. Thus, we determined the downstream signaling pathways derived from saturated fatty acid-induced TLR4 activation. Saturated fatty acid (lauric acid)-induced NFkappaB activation was inhibited by a dominant-negative mutant of TLR4, MyD88, IRAK-1, TRAF6, or IkappaBalpha in macrophages (RAW264.7) and 293T cells transfected with TLR4 and MD2. Lauric acid induced the transient phosphorylation of AKT. LY294002, dominant-negative (DN) phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), or AKT(DN) inhibited NFkappaB activation, p65 transactivation, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression induced by lauric acid or constitutively active (CA) TLR4. AKT(DN) blocked MyD88-induced NFkappaB activation, suggesting that AKT is a MyD88-dependent downstream signaling component of TLR4. AKT(CA) was sufficient to induce NFkappaB activation and COX-2 expression. These results demonstrate that NFkappaB activation and COX-2 expression induced by lauric acid are at least partly mediated through the TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In contrast, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT induced by lipopolysaccharide or lauric acid. DHA also suppressed NFkappaB activation induced by TLR4(CA), but not MyD88(CA) or AKT(CA), suggesting that the molecular targets of DHA are signaling components upstream of MyD88 and AKT. Together, these results suggest that saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids reciprocally modulate the activation of TLR4 and its downstream signaling pathways involving MyD88/IRAK/TRAF6 and PI3K/AKT and further suggest the possibility that TLR4-mediated target gene expression and cellular responses are also differentially modulated by saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. C1 ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RP Hwang, DH (reprint author), ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Meyer Hall,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA75613]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK41868] NR 82 TC 296 Z9 313 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 26 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 39 BP 37041 EP 37051 DI 10.1074/jbc.M305213200 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 723MY UT WOS:000185437200010 PM 12865424 ER PT J AU Budowle, B Schutzer, SE Einseln, A Kelley, LC Walsh, AC Smith, JAL Marrone, BL Robertson, J Campos, J AF Budowle, B Schutzer, SE Einseln, A Kelley, LC Walsh, AC Smith, JAL Marrone, BL Robertson, J Campos, J TI Building microbial forensics as a response to bioterrorism SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Fed Bur Invest, Lab Div, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Lab Med, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Budowle, B (reprint author), Fed Bur Invest, Lab Div, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. NR 10 TC 61 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 26 PY 2003 VL 301 IS 5641 BP 1852 EP 1853 DI 10.1126/science.1090083 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 725GW UT WOS:000185536700029 PM 14512607 ER PT J AU Vega, FE Rosenquist, E Collins, W AF Vega, FE Rosenquist, E Collins, W TI Global project needed to tackle coffee crisis SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Natl Program Staff, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Inst Plant Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vega, FE (reprint author), ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 25 PY 2003 VL 425 IS 6956 BP 343 EP 343 DI 10.1038/425343a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 724TG UT WOS:000185502300013 PM 14508457 ER PT J AU Fan, XT AF Fan, XT TI Ionizing radiation induces formation of malondialdehyde, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde from carbohydrates and organic acid SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate; formaldehyde; irradiation; malonclialdehyde; malic acid ID APPLE JUICE; AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS; MALONALDEHYDE; INACTIVATION; IRRADIATION; ASSAY AB A study was conducted to investigate irradiation-induced formation of malondialdehyde (MIDA), formaldehyde (FA), and acetaldehyde (ACT) from fructose, sucrose, glucose, and malic acid solutions. MDA and FA were generated from the carbohydrate solutions upon irradiation while little was formed from malic acid solution. On the other hand, a much higher amount of ACT was formed from malic acid than from the carbohydrate solutions. The G values (number of molecules formed per 100 eV radiation) for MIDA were 0.042, 0.0066, and 0.0026 from 0.9 mg mL(-1) fructose, sucrose, and glucose solutions at pH 3.5, respectively. The G values for FA formation were 0.134, 0.233, and 0.0081 from the fructose, sucrose, and glucose solutions, respectively. As concentration of sugars in solutions increased from 0 to 90 mg mL(-1), the formation of these compounds increased rapidly. A further increase in sugar concentration from 90 to 900 mg mL(-1) resulted in a lower rate of increase in MDA and FA formation. pH had a profound effect on the irradiation-induced formation of these compounds from carbohydrates, especially on MDA formation. The minimum amount of MDA from fructose and glucose solutions was observed at pH 5 while formation of MDA from sucrose solution decreased as pH decreased from 7 to 2. The results can be used by the food industry to optimize food formulation in order to minimize formation of these compounds. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 24 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 20 BP 5946 EP 5949 DI 10.1021/jf0344340 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 722XK UT WOS:000185403200020 PM 13129299 ER PT J AU Schatzki, TF Toyofuku, N AF Schatzki, TF Toyofuku, N TI Sample preparation and presampling of pistachios SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; pistachios; subsampling; mean; variance ID AFLATOXIN; PEANUTS AB A theory has been developed to quantify the reduction of subsample variance of aflatoxin contamination, which is observed when granular materials are wet slurried, rather than dry ground, during subsample homogenization. A coefficient of variation, based on particle size distribution, subsample size, and probability of contamination, is predicted. The theory is tested with dry ground and with wet slurried pistachios, and excellent quantitative agreement is obtained. A 32% increase in the mean aflatoxin level is observed as well when wet slurrying is applied. Although no statistical explanation for this effect can be found, it is suggested that it is related to physiochemical binding between the nut matrix, which is (partly) broken by wet slurrying, and aflatoxin, making the extraction of more toxin possible. Other parameters that may affect slurrying results have been investigated as well. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Schatzki, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 24 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 20 BP 6068 EP 6072 DI 10.1021/jf0301955 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 722XK UT WOS:000185403200039 PM 13129318 ER PT J AU Fanta, GF Felker, FC Salch, JH AF Fanta, GF Felker, FC Salch, JH TI Graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto starch-coated polyethylene film surfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE starch; polyethylene; acrylonitrile; polyacrylonitrile; graft copolymer ID STEAM JET COOKING; WATER INTERFACE AB Starch-coated polyethylene (PE) films were prepared by immersing PE in a hot, jet cooked solution of starch. They were allowed to react with acrylonitrile (AN) in the presence of ceric ammonium nitrate initiator, and the graft polymerization that occurred produced starch-g-polyacrylonitrile (PAN) coatings that contained about 25 wt % grafted PAN. The starch-g-PAN coatings tightly adhered to the PE film surfaces. When grafted starch coatings were wetted with water and the surfaces vigorously rubbed, less than 20% of the coating was removed. The fact that PAN-grafted coatings were not removed with boiling water provided further evidence for their strong adherence. When starch was removed from the coating by acid hydrolysis, the residual grafted PAN still remained adsorbed on the PE surface. Because the grafted coating was completely removed by treatment with refluxing 0.7N sodium hydroxide, there is apparently no chemical bonding between starch-g-PAN and PE. The dimensional changes associated with the evaporation of water from these PAN-grafted coatings caused the films to curl during drying. Because the final shape of these coated films depends upon the presence or absence of water in the surrounding environment, these films may be considered to be a type of stimulus-responsive polymer. Attempts to graft polymerize methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate onto starch-coated PE surfaces, under conditions similar to those used with AN, were unsuccessful. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Fanta, GF (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD SEP 19 PY 2003 VL 89 IS 12 BP 3323 EP 3328 DI 10.1002/app.12518 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 701XZ UT WOS:000184195400021 ER PT J AU Loomis, J Wohlgemuth, P Gonzalez-Caban, A English, D AF Loomis, J Wohlgemuth, P Gonzalez-Caban, A English, D TI Economic benefits of reducing fire-related sediment in southwestern fire-prone ecosystems SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE California; erosion; forest fire; national forests; recreation; sediment ID EROSION AB [1] A multiple regression analysis of fire interval and resulting sediment yield (controlling for relief ratio, rainfall, etc.) indicates that reducing the fire interval from the current average 22 years to a prescribed fire interval of 5 years would reduce sediment yield by 2 million cubic meters in the 86.2 square kilometer southern California watershed adjacent to and including the Angeles National Forest. This would have direct cost savings to Los Angeles County Public Works in terms of reduced debris basin clean out of $24 million. The net present values of both 5- and 10-year prescribed fire intervals are positive. However, given other multiple use objectives of the USDA Forest Service, a 10-year prescribed fire interval may be more optimal than a 5-year fire interval. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Fire Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Loomis, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jloomis@lamar.colostate.edu; pwohlgemuth@fs.fed.us; agonzalezcaban@fs.fed.us; denglish@fs.fed.us NR 14 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 18 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 9 AR 1260 DI 10.1029/2003WR002176 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 724GQ UT WOS:000185480200009 ER PT J AU Akhunov, ED Akhunova, AR Linkiewicz, AM Dubcovsky, J Hummel, D Lazo, G Chao, SM Anderson, OD David, J Qi, LL Echalier, B Gill, BS Gustafson, MJP La Rota, M Sorrells, ME Zhang, DS Nguyen, HT Kalavacharla, V Hossain, K Kianian, SF Peng, JH Lapitan, NLV Wennerlind, EJ Nduati, V Anderson, JA Sidhu, D Gill, KS McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Dvorak, J AF Akhunov, ED Akhunova, AR Linkiewicz, AM Dubcovsky, J Hummel, D Lazo, G Chao, SM Anderson, OD David, J Qi, LL Echalier, B Gill, BS Gustafson, MJP La Rota, M Sorrells, ME Zhang, DS Nguyen, HT Kalavacharla, V Hossain, K Kianian, SF Peng, JH Lapitan, NLV Wennerlind, EJ Nduati, V Anderson, JA Sidhu, D Gill, KS McGuire, PE Qualset, CO Dvorak, J TI Synteny perturbations between wheat homoeologous chromosomes caused by locus duplications and deletions correlate with recombination rates SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ELYTRIGIA-ELONGATA; B-GENOME; BARLEY; MAP; EVOLUTION; AEGILOPS; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; ISOZYME; LINES AB Loci detected by Southern blot hybridization of 3,977 expressed sequence tag unigenes were mapped into 159 chromosome bins delineated by breakpoints of a series of overlapping deletions. These data were used to assess synteny levels along homoeologous chromosomes of the wheat A, B, and D genomes, in relation to both bin position on the centromere-telomere axis and the gradient of recombination rates along chromosome arms. Synteny level decreased with the distance of a chromosome region from the centromere. It also decreased with an increase in recombination rates along the average chromosome arm. There were twice as many unique loci in the B genome than in the A and D genomes, and synteny levels between the B genome chromosomes and the A and D genome homoeologues were lower than those between the A and ID genome homoeologues. These differences among the wheat genomes were attributed to differences in the mating systems of wheat diploid ancestors. Synteny perturbations were characterized in 31 paralogous sets of loci with perturbed synteny. Both insertions and deletions of loci were detected and both preferentially occurred in high recombination regions of chromosomes. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Inst Natl Rech Agron, Unite Mixte Rech Divers & Genome Crop Plants, F-34130 Montpellier, France. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Dvorak, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Mason, Richard/F-9865-2010; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; OI Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; Miftahudin, M./0000-0002-5641-1090 NR 38 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 16 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 19 BP 10836 EP 10841 DI 10.1073/pnas.1934431100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 723CR UT WOS:000185415300048 PM 12960374 ER PT J AU Chikwamba, RK Scott, MP Mejia, LB Mason, HS Wang, K AF Chikwamba, RK Scott, MP Mejia, LB Mason, HS Wang, K TI Localization of a bacterial protein in starch granules of transgenic maize kernels SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE LT-B; starch localization ID HEAT-LABILE ENTEROTOXIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; CHOLERA-TOXIN; SECRETORY PATHWAY; B-SUBUNIT; TRANSLOCATION; CHLOROPLASTS; ENDOSPERM; SYNTHASE AB The B subunit of Escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin (LT-B) is a potent oral immunogen with potential for use as a vaccine, a carrier molecule to deliver antigens to gut-associated lymphoid tissues, and possibly an adjuvant to make coadministered vaccines more effective. LT-B produced in plants was shown to be functional and immunogenic in animals and humans. In this work, we show that maize-derived LT-B is strongly associated with starch granules in endosperm. Using immunogold labeling/electron microscopy, cell fractionation, and protein analysis techniques, we observed that LT-B protein could be detected both internally and externally in starch granules. This strong association confers an effective copurification of the antigen with the starch fraction of maize kernels, thermostability desirable in maize processing, and resistance to peptic degradation in simulated gastric fluid digests, an important attribute for an orally delivered antigen. C1 Iowa State Univ, Plant Transformat Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Interdisciplinary Genet Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Wang, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Plant Transformat Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 NR 32 TC 60 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 16 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 19 BP 11127 EP 11132 DI 10.1073/pnas.183690110 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 723CR UT WOS:000185415300098 PM 12960364 ER PT J AU Loyo-Rosales, JE Schmitz-Afonso, I Rice, CP Torrents, A AF Loyo-Rosales, JE Schmitz-Afonso, I Rice, CP Torrents, A TI Analysis of octyl- and nonylphenol and their ethoxylates in water and sediments by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; POLYETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS; ALKYLPHENOL ETHOXYLATES; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; METABOLITES AB The ubiquitous presence of alkylphenol ethoxylates in the environment as well as concern for endocrine disruption effects in biota caused by their degradation products (such as octyl- and nonylphenol) has raised interest in the environmental fate of these compounds. As part of an effort to model their behavior in a subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay, a quantitative method for the analysis of octyl- and nonylphenol, and their ethoxylates (1-5) in water and sediment was developed. Extraction procedures are based on solid-phase extraction techniques. Identification and quantitation of the analytes is done by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Instrument detection limits for the compounds ranged from 0.1 to 9 pg injected on column, which allowed method detection limits of 0.04-3 ng/L in water and 0.2-13 ng/g of dry weight in sediment. The method was used to analyze water and sediment from the Back River, MD, where concentrations for the individual compounds ranged from <8 to 200 ng/L in water and <9 to 6700 ng/g of dry weight in sediment. Additionally, structural information obtained in the mass spectrometer is presented that supports previous observations that nonylphenol and its ethoxylates are composed mainly of isomers with a tertiary alpha-carbon. C1 Univ Maryland, Environm Engn Program, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Torrents, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Environm Engn Program, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Schmitz-Afonso, Isabelle/D-2168-2013 NR 25 TC 73 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 18 BP 4811 EP 4817 DI 10.1021/ac0262762 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 723NW UT WOS:000185439300014 PM 14674458 ER PT J AU Krininger, CE Block, J Al-Katanani, YM Rivera, RM Chase, CC Hansen, PJ AF Krininger, CE Block, J Al-Katanani, YM Rivera, RM Chase, CC Hansen, PJ TI Differences between Brahman and Holstein cows in response to estrus synchronization, superovulation and resistance of embryos to heat shock SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brahman; Holstein; superovulation; estrus synchronization; heat shock; embryo ID BOVINE EMBRYOS; PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYOS; SUBTROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; INDUCED THERMOTOLERANCE; POST-INSEMINATION; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; ESTROUS-CYCLE; 1ST CLEAVAGE; CATTLE; TEMPERATURES AB Embryos from Bos indicus are more resistant to elevated culture temperature (i.e. heat shock) than embryos from some Bos taurus breeds. The present experiment was designed to determine if Brahman embryos have greater resistance to heat shock than Holstein embryos at a stage in development before the embryonic genome was fully activated. A second objective was to test breed effects on estrus synchronization and superovulation responses. A total of 29 Brahman and 24 Holstein cows were subjected to estrus synchronization using gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and prostaglandin F-2alpha (PGF(2alpha)) superovulation. Embryos were collected at 48 h and day 5 after insemination. There was a tendency for a lower proportion of Brahmans to be detected in standing estrus than Holsteins. There were no differences between breeds in the proportion of cows detected in estrus using both tailpaint and standing estrus as criteria or in interval from PGF(2alpha) to estrus. The degree of synchrony in estrus was greater for Brahmans. Superovulation response was generally similar between breeds. At 48 h after insemination, there was a tendency for a greater proportion of Brahman oocytes to have undergone cleavage. Uncleaved oocytes were cultured for an additional 24 h-at this time, cleavage rate was similar between breeds. When embryos reached the 2-4-cell stage, they were heat-shocked for 4.5 h at 41degreesC. This heat shock reduced the proportion of embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage but there was no breed x treatment interaction. At day 5 after insemination, the number of embryos recovered was too low to allow comparison of breed effects. In conclusion, genetic effects on cellular thermotolerance that make Brahman embryos more resistant to heat shock are not expressed at the 2-4-cell stage. There were few differences between Brahman and Holstein in response to estrus synchronization and superovulation. The fact that cleavage tended to occur earlier in Brahman than Holstein embryos suggests breed differences in timing of ovulation, fertilization or events leading to cleavage. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Hansen, PJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Bldg 499,Shealy Dr,POB 110910, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hansen@animal.ufl.edu RI block, jeremy/B-2836-2013 NR 34 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 EI 1873-2232 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 78 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0378-4320(03)00045-9 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 717NU UT WOS:000185096900002 PM 12753779 ER PT J AU Corson, MS Teel, PD Grant, WE AF Corson, MS Teel, PD Grant, WE TI Simulating detection of cattle-fever tick (Boophilus spp.) infestations in rotational grazing systems SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Boophilus microplus; Boophilus annulatus; cattle-fever ticks; rotational grazing; cattle inspection; detection probability ID PARASITE-LANDSCAPE INTERACTIONS; SUB-TROPICAL AUSTRALIA; SP POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DIFFERENT BREEDS; ANNULATUS ACARI; MICROPLUS; IXODIDAE; RESISTANCE; PROGRAMS; ECOLOGY AB To evaluate the relative influence of ecological and management factors on the probability of detecting cattle-fever tick (Boophilus microplus and Boophilus annulatus) infestations in rotational grazing systems, we adapted a simulation model of Teel et al. [J. Range Manage. 51 (1998) 501] that examines interactions among Boophilus ticks, cattle, and habitat type under rotational grazing systems developed for semi-arid shrublands of south Texas. We added a submodel that estimates probability of inspectors detecting Boophilus-tick infestations when examining 1, 20, 40, or 80 cows in a tick-infested herd of 80 cattle. Results indicate that probability of detecting infestations depends most on season of initial infestation; less heavily on rotational grazing strategy, habitat type, and number of cows inspected; and only moderately on initial number of infesting tick larvae. Results showed high detection probabilities (greater than or equal to0.95) usually exist as temporal windows of opportunity during brief but definite periods; outside these windows, detection of existing infestations becomes poor. Each halving of the number of cows inspected tended to shorten duration of these windows by approximately 40%. Probability of detecting tick infestations, however, also depends strongly on inspector training, cow behavior, and weather, factors that we set as implicit constants. Models such as this one can indicate gaps in knowledge about the influence of biophysical and human factors on detection efforts in tick eradication or control programs, estimate magnitude and duration of Boophilus-tick infestations, and indicate potentially favorable inspection periods. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Corson, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Corson, Michael/A-7671-2008 OI Corson, Michael/0000-0003-4785-8971 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 167 IS 3 BP 277 EP 286 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00194-7 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723WM UT WOS:000185454600006 ER PT J AU Hardegree, SP Flerchinger, GN Van Vactor, SS AF Hardegree, SP Flerchinger, GN Van Vactor, SS TI Hydrothermal germination response and the development of probabilistic germination profiles SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE seed; seedbed; microclimate; germination; hydrothermal; model ID SUBTROPICAL PASTURE LEGUMES; RESIDUE-SOIL SYSTEM; PRIMED GRASS SEEDS; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; GRAIN LEGUMES; RANGE GRASSES; MODELING GERMINATION; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; PERENNIAL GRASSES; SIMULTANEOUS HEAT AB Millions of acres of rangeland in the western United States are now dominated by introduced annual weeds such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.). The ability to germinate rapidly at low temperatures has been proposed as one of many mechanisms that confer a competitive advantage to this species. Previous studies of this phenomenon, however, have been limited to relatively simple comparisons of total germinability and germination rate under selected constant-temperature treatments. In this study, we germinated seeds of cheatgrass and two native perennial bunchgrass species, bluebunch wheatgrass [Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Love] and big squirreltail [Elymus multisetus (J.G. Smith) M.E. Jones], over the temperature range of 0-36degreesC and water potential range of 0 to -2.5 MPa. A hydrothermal germination model was constructed to predict germination rate response for the 10, 25 and 50th percentile seed subpopulations. Germination rate estimates were predicted for each species, seedlot and subpopulation for every hour of a 38-year simulation of seedbed temperature and water potential. The seasonal and annual distributions of potential germination rate were integrated to assess relative seedlot response across a wide-range of microclimatic conditions. The integrated response-potential of cheatgrass was consistent with previous studies but the absolute magnitude of enhanced germination rate was relatively small compared to expected differences in seed numbers between cheatgrass and planted species in the field. Historical patterns of seedbed microclimate and predicted germination response may be useful in assessing and optimizing alternative field planting scenarios. Inclusion of weather forecasting and seedbed modeling may provide real-time management options for improving rangeland seeding success. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Hardegree, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM shardegr@nwrc.ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 167 IS 3 BP 305 EP 322 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00192-3 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723WM UT WOS:000185454600008 ER PT J AU Lebow, S Williams, RS Lebow, P AF Lebow, S Williams, RS Lebow, P TI Effect of simulated rainfall and weathering on release of preservative elements from CCA treated wood SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EROSION RATES; CHROMIUM; ANGLE AB The release of arsenic from wood pressure-treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) can be decreased by application of wood finishes, but little is known about the types of finishes that are best suited for this purpose. This study evaluated the effects of finish water repellent content and ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the release of arsenic, copper, and chromium from CCA-treated wood exposed to simulated rainfall. Deck boards treated with CCA were either left unfinished or dipped in a finish prepared with 1%, 3%, or 5% water repellent. All specimens were exposed to leaching from simulated rainfall, and a subset of specimens was also exposed to UV radiation. The rainfall was collected and analyzed for total elemental arsenic, copper, and chromium. The water repellent significantly decreased the amounts of these elements in the runoff, but for the short duration of this study there was no difference among the three water repellent concentrations. It is possible that water repellent content would have a greater effect over a longer exposure period. Exposure to UV radiation caused a significant increase in leaching from both finished and unfinished specimens. This effect may be a result of increased surface area during weathering as well as loss of fibers caused by UV-induced surface erosion. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Lebow, S (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchont Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 23 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 18 BP 4077 EP 4082 DI 10.1021/es0343048 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 721QH UT WOS:000185326700009 PM 14524438 ER PT J AU Novak, JS Juneja, VK McClane, BA AF Novak, JS Juneja, VK McClane, BA TI An ultrastructural comparison of spores from various strains of Clostridium perfringens and correlations with heat resistance parameters SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spores; ultrastructure; measurements; heat; correlations ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS SPORES; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; BACTERIAL-SPORES; DIPICOLINIC ACID; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; DORMANT SPORES; WATER-CONTENT; MINERALIZATION; SPORULATION; DEHYDRATION AB It has been shown that Clostridium perfringens isolates associated with food poisoning carry a chromosomal cpe gene, whereas nonfood-borne human gastrointestinal disease isolates carry a plasmid cpe gene. In addition, the chromosomal cpe gene isolates exhibit greater heat resistance as compared with the plasmid cpe strains. Therefore, the current study conducted ultrastructural measurements of spores from several plasmid and chromosomal cpe-positive C perfringens isolates. In support of the dehydration mechanism of spore heat resistance, the C perfringens spore core average size was found to show a negative correlation with D-values for spores obtained at 100 degreesC. Dipicolinic acid (DPA) concentrations assayed for the spores did not correlate well with C. perfringens spore core averages nor with D-10-values at 100 degreesC. Spore core thickness might be a distinguishing phenotypic characteristic used to identify heat resistance and survival potential of C. perfringens in improperly cooked foods. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Mol Genet & Biochem, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Novak, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 86 IS 3 BP 239 EP 247 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00550-0 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 713NB UT WOS:000184863400004 PM 12915035 ER PT J AU Melendez, P Donovan, GA Risco, CA Littell, R Goff, JP AF Melendez, P Donovan, GA Risco, CA Littell, R Goff, JP TI Effect of calcium-energy supplements on calving-related disorders, fertility and milk yield during the transition period in cows fed anionic diets SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calcium-energy supplement; diseases; fertility; transition cows ID DAIRY-COWS; HOLSTEIN COWS; CONDITION SCORE; PATH-ANALYSIS; FEVER; HYPOCALCEMIA; PARTURITION; METABOLITES; DISEASES; CHLORIDE AB The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a calcium-energy supplement at calving on the incidence of calving-related disorders (CRD), fertility, BCS and milk yield in cows fed anionic diets and to establish any associations among outcome variables. In Florida, from October to December 1997, 479 cows were assigned to three groups and treated at calving as follows: Group 1: 160 nontreated cows; Group 2: 158 cows, treated orally with 60g Ca as CaCl2; Group 3: 161 cows, treated orally with 110g Ca as calcium propionate (510g) plus propylene glycol (400g). No treatment effect was detected for any of the outcome variables. An association was found between dystocia and age and retained fetal membranes (RFM). Age and RFM were associated with metritis. RFM and displacement of the abomasum were associated with ketosis. Ketosis and age were related to displacement of the abomasum. Parity, BCS, ovarian cysts, RFM and metritis were associated with fertility. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Donovan, GA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, POB 100136, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD SEP 15 PY 2003 VL 60 IS 5 BP 843 EP 854 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(03)00103-1 PG 12 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 719QX UT WOS:000185216600005 PM 12935862 ER PT J AU Chung, KR Shilts, T Erturk, U Timmer, LW Ueng, PP AF Chung, KR Shilts, T Erturk, U Timmer, LW Ueng, PP TI Indole derivatives produced by the fungus Colletotrichum acutatum causing lime anthracnose and postbloom fruit drop of citrus SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE indole-3-acetic acid; plant pathogen; sweet orange; tryptophan ID SALKOWSKI REAGENT; USTILAGO-MAYDIS; L-TRYPTOPHAN; BIOSYNTHESIS; GLOEOSPORIOIDES; BACTERIA; STRAINS; DISEASE; AUXIN AB Postbloom fruit drop (PFD) of citrus and Key lime anthracnose (KLA) are caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. Both fungal isolates can infect flower petals, induce young fruit abscission and result in severe yield loss on many citrus cultivars. Previous studies revealed that infection of citrus flowers by C acutatum caused higher levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which could be synthesized from the host plant and/or the fungal pathogen. The ability for IAA production by C acutatum isolates was investigated. Similar to many microorganisms, the production of indole compounds in the medium by C acutatum was dependent solely on the presence of tryptophan (Trp). In total, 14 PFD and KLA fungal isolates were tested, and revealed that they all were capable of utilizing Trp as a precursor to synthesize IAA and other indole derivatives. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis and chromogenic stains after a fluorescence thin-layer chromatography separation unambiguously identified IAA, tryptophol (TOL), indole-acetaldehyde, indoleacetamide (IAM), indole-pyruvic acid, and indole-lactic acid (ILA) from cultures supplemented with Trp. The data suggest that C. acutaturn may synthesize IAA using various pathways. Interestingly, increasing Trp concentrations drastically increased the levels of TOL and ILA, but not IAA and IAM. The ability of C acutaturn to produce IAA and related indole compounds may in part contribute to the increased IAA levels in citrus flowers after infection. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chung, KR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. NR 22 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD SEP 12 PY 2003 VL 226 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00605-0 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 724PQ UT WOS:000185496300004 PM 13129603 ER PT J AU Agarwal, AK Rogers, PD Baerson, SR Jacob, MR Barker, KS Cleary, JD Walker, LA Nagle, DG Clark, AM AF Agarwal, AK Rogers, PD Baerson, SR Jacob, MR Barker, KS Cleary, JD Walker, LA Nagle, DG Clark, AM TI Genome-wide expression profiling of the response to polyene, pyrimidine, azole, and echinocandin antifungal agents in Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; DNA-DAMAGE RESPONSE; CELL-WALL; GENE-EXPRESSION; STEROL UPTAKE; AMPHOTERICIN-B; DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION; CLINICAL-PHARMACOLOGY; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; STRESS-RESPONSE AB Antifungal compounds exert their activity through a variety of mechanisms, some of which are poorly understood. Novel approaches to characterize the mechanism of action of antifungal agents will be of great use in the antifungal drug development process. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in the gene expression profile of Saccharomyces cerevisiae following exposure to representatives of the four currently available classes of antifungal agents used in the management of systemic fungal infections. Microarray analysis indicated differential expression of 0.8, 4.1, 3.0, and 2.6% of the genes represented on the Affymetrix S98 yeast gene array in response to ketoconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin, and 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), respectively. Quantitative real time reverse transcriptase-PCR was used to confirm the microarray analyses. Genes responsive to ketoconazole, caspofungin, and 5-FC were indicative of the drug-specific effects. Ketoconazole exposure primarily affected genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis and sterol uptake; caspofungin exposure affected genes involved in cell wall integrity; and 5-FC affected genes involved in DNA and protein synthesis, DNA damage repair, and cell cycle control. In contrast, amphotericin B elicited changes in gene expression reflecting cell stress, membrane reconstruction, transport, phosphate uptake, and cell wall integrity. Genes with the greatest specificity for a particular drug were grouped together as drug-specific genes, whereas genes with a lack of drug specificity were also identified. Taken together, these data shed new light on the mechanisms of action of these classes of antifungal agents and demonstrate the potential utility of gene expression profiling in antifungal drug development. C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Pharm, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Practice & Med, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Sch Pharm, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Sch Med, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Agarwal, AK (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI27094] NR 75 TC 130 Z9 137 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 12 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 37 BP 34998 EP 35015 DI 10.1074/jbc.M306291200 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 718UG UT WOS:000185164400033 PM 12824174 ER PT J AU Oliver, LM Fisher, WS Volety, AK Malaeb, Z AF Oliver, LM Fisher, WS Volety, AK Malaeb, Z TI Greater hemocyte bactericidal activity in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from a relatively contaminated site in Pensacola Bay, Florida SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oysters; Crassostrea virginica; chemical contaminant; hemocytes; immunology; internal defense; pollution; toxicity ID PERKINSUS-MARINUS DISEASE; EASTERN OYSTERS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; CELLULAR-RESPONSES; APALACHICOLA BAY; VARIABILITY; HEMOLYMPH; EXPOSURE; PATHOGEN; MUSSEL AB Bivalve mollusks such as Crassostrea virginica inhabiting polluted estuaries and coastal areas may bioaccumulate high concentrations of contaminants without apparent ill effects. However, changes in putative internal defense activities have been associated with contaminant accumulation in both experimental and long-term field exposures. In an effort to elucidate these relationships, 40 oysters were collected from Bayou Chico (BC) and East Bay (EB) in Pensacola Bay, FL, two estuaries known to differ in the type and magnitude of chemical contaminants present. Oyster tissue concentrations of metals, tri- and dibutyltin (TBT, DBT), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in individual oysters, as were hemocyte counts (HCs), hemocyte bacterial killing indices (KI), serum lysozyme (LYS) and serum protein (PRO) levels. Average HC, KI, LYS and PRO were significantly higher in BC oysters, which also had significantly higher tissue concentrations of total trace metals, butyltins (BTs), PAHs, PCBs, pesticides, and Mn, Cu, Zn and Sn. EB oysters had low organic contaminant levels and no detectable BTs, but significantly higher concentrations of Al, Cr, Fe, Ag, Cd, and Hg. Simple correlation analysis between specific defense measurements and specific chemical analytes showed specific positive relationships that corroborated previous findings in other FL estuaries. Canonical correlation analysis was used to examine relationships between defense measurements and tissue metals using linearly combined sets of variables. Results were also consistent with previous findings-the highest possible canonical correlation was positive: r = 0.864, P < 0.0019 among canonical variables composed of HC, KI and LYS for defense, and Fe, Cu, Ag, Cd, Sb, Sn, Ni, Pb and Hg for metals. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Gulf Ecol, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Fisher, WS (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Div Gulf Ecol, 1 Sabine Isl Dr, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM fisher.william@epa.gov NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD SEP 10 PY 2003 VL 64 IS 4 BP 363 EP 373 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(03)00076-6 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 708TE UT WOS:000184584800001 PM 12878408 ER PT J AU Cote, GL Dunlap, CA AF Cote, GL Dunlap, CA TI Alternansucrase acceptor reactions with methyl hexopyranosides SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alternansucrase; glucansucrase; glycopyranoside acceptors; oligosaccharide ID MESENTEROIDES NRRL B-1355; LEUCONOSTOC-MESENTEROIDES; DEXTRANSUCRASE AB Alternansucrase (EC 2.4.1.140, sucrose: (1-->6), (1-->3)-alpha-D-glucan 6(3)-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase) is a D-glucansucrase that synthesizes an alternating alpha-(1-->3), (1-->6)-linked D-glucan from sucrose. It also synthesizes oligosaccharides via D-glucopyranosyl transfer to various acceptor sugars. We have studied the acceptor products arising from methyl glycosides as model compounds in order to better understand the specificity of alternansucrase acceptor reactions. The initial product arising from methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside was methyl beta-isomaltoside, which was subsequently glucosylated to yield methyl beta-isomaltotrioside and methyl alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3) alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside. These products are analogous to those previously described from methyl a-D-glucopyranoside. The major initial acceptor product from methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside was methyl alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-alpha-D-mannopyranoside, but several minor products were also isolated and characterized, including a 3,6di-O- substituted mannopyranoside. Methyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside yielded two initial products, methyl alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha -D-galactopyranoside and methyl alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-D-galactopyranoside, in a 2.5:1 molar ratio. Methyl D-allopyranosides were glucosylated primarily at position 6, yielding methyl alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(l-->6)-D-allopyranosides. The latter subsequently gave rise to methyl alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-D-allopyranosides. In general, the methyl a- D-hexopyranosides were better acceptors than the corresponding P-glycosides. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cote, GL (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD SEP 10 PY 2003 VL 338 IS 19 BP 1961 EP 1967 DI 10.1016/S0008-6215(03)00324-0 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 721GV UT WOS:000185309400005 PM 14499572 ER PT J AU DiCarlo, DA Cidoncha, JIG Hickey, C AF DiCarlo, DA Cidoncha, JIG Hickey, C TI Acoustic measurements of pore-scale displacements SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; INVASION PERCOLATION; SLOW DRAINAGE; DYNAMICS; FLOW AB [1] We describe how experimentally measurable acoustic and hydroacoustic events occur when one fluid displaces another within a porous medium. We show that the events are directly related to discrete fluid bursts ("Haines jumps'') that occur at the pore scale. We find that the events show power law statistics with respect to magnitude for drainage ( air invading) but not for imbibition ( water invading). These observations agree with simple conceptual arguments on how the displacements take place. The results show that acoustic and hydroacoustic measurements can be an excellent technique for observing Haines jumps in-situ. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2BP, England. Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Phys Acoust, University, MS 38677 USA. RP DiCarlo, DA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, 598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM ddicarlo@ars.usda.gov; jose.gil-cidoncha@ic.ac.uk; chickey@olemiss.edu NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 10 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 17 AR 1901 DI 10.1029/2003GL017811 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 774ZK UT WOS:000189016100001 ER PT J AU Chen, PY Srinivasan, R Fedosejevs, G Kiniry, JR AF Chen, PY Srinivasan, R Fedosejevs, G Kiniry, JR TI Evaluating different NDVI composite techniques using NOAA-14 AVHRR data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; IMAGES; INDEX; IDENTIFICATION; YIELD; CROP AB Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data are influenced by cloud contamination, which is common in individual AVHRR scenes. Maximum value compositing (MVC) of NDVI data has been employed to minimize cloud contamination. Two types of weekly NDVI composites were built for crop seasons in summer: one from all available AVHRR data (named the traditional NDVI composite) and the other from solely cloud-free AVHRR data (named the conditional NDVI composite). The MVC method was applied to both composites. The main objective of this study was to compare the two types of NDVI composites using Texas data. The NDVI seasonal profiles produced from the conditional NDVI composites agreed with the field measured leaf area index (LAI) data, reaching maximum values at similar times. However, the traditional NDVI composites showed irregular patterns, primarily due to cloud contamination. These study results suggest that cloud detection for individual AVHRR scenes should be strongly recommended before producing weekly NDVI composites. Appropriate AVHRR data pre-processing is important for composite products to be used for short-term vegetation condition and biomass studies, where the traditional NDVI composite data do not eliminate cloud-contaminated pixels. In addition, this study showed that atmosphere composition affected near-infrared reflectance more than visible reflectance. The near-infrared reflectance was increasingly adjusted through atmospheric correction. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Spatial Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Chen, PY (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Spatial Sci Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD SEP 10 PY 2003 VL 24 IS 17 BP 3403 EP 3412 DI 10.1080/0143116021000021279 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 701TA UT WOS:000184184000004 ER PT J AU Kennedy, RE Cohen, WB AF Kennedy, RE Cohen, WB TI Automated designation of tie-points for image-to-image coregistration SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION TECHNIQUES AB Image-to-image registration requires identification of common points in both images (image tie-points; ITPs). Here, we describe software implementing an automated, area-based technique for identifying ITPs. The ITP software was designed to follow two strategies: (1) capitalize on human knowledge and pattern-recognition strengths, and (2) favour robustness in many situations over optimal performance in any one situation. We tested the software under several confounding conditions, representing image distortions, inaccurate user input, and changes between images. The software was robust to additive noise, moderate change between images, low levels of image geometric distortion, undocumented rotation, and inaccurate pixel size designation. At higher levels of image geometric distortion, the software was less robust, but such conditions are often visible to the eye. Methods are discussed for adjusting parameters in the ITP software to reduce error under such conditions. For more than 1600 tests, median time needed to identify each ITP was approximately 8s on a common image-processing computer system. Although correlation-based techniques-such as those implemented in the free software documented here-have been criticized, we suggest that they may, in fact, be quite useful in many situations for users in the remote sensing community. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Kennedy, RE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 20 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD SEP 10 PY 2003 VL 24 IS 17 BP 3467 EP 3490 DI 10.1080/0143116021000024249 PG 24 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 701TA UT WOS:000184184000009 ER PT J AU Jones, BL Fontanini, D AF Jones, BL Fontanini, D TI Trypsin/alpha-amylase inhibitors inactivate the endogenous barley/malt serine endoproteinase SEP-1 SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Hordeum vulgare; barley; serine proteinases; inhibitors; CM proteins ID INSECT ALPHA-AMYLASE; HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; GREEN MALT ENDOPROTEINASES; BAKERS ASTHMA DISEASE; TETRAMERIC INHIBITOR; CV MOREX; PURIFICATION; PROTEINS; CLONING; IDENTIFICATION AB Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) malt contains endoproteinases belonging to all four of the commonly occurring classes, including serine proteinases. It also contains low molecular weight proteins that inhibit the activities of many of these endoproteinases, but it had never been shown that any barley or malt serine proteinases could be inhibited by any of these endogenous proteins. It is now reported that some proteins that were concentrated using an "affinity" method inhibited the activity of a malt serine endoproteinase. Two-dimensional electrophoretic and in vitro analyses showed that the inhibited enzyme was serine endoproteinase 1 (SEP-1) and that the inhibition could be quantified using a semipurified preparation of this enzyme. Amino acid sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS were used to identify the components of the partially purified inhibiting fractions. Only the "trypsin/alpha-amylase inhibitors" or chloroform/methanol (CM) proteins, most of which had truncated N and C termini, and one fragment of beta-amylase were present in the inhibitory fractions. When a CM protein fraction was prepared from barley according to traditional methods, some of its component proteins inhibited the activity of SEP-1 and some did not. This is the first report of the purification and identification of barley malt proteins that can inhibit an endogenous serine proteinase. It shows that some of the CM proteins probably play a role in controlling the activity of barley proteinases during germination, as well as possibly protecting the seed and young plant from microbes or pests. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Jones, BL (reprint author), Route 1,Box 6, Kooskia, ID 83539 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP 10 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 19 BP 5803 EP 5814 DI 10.1021/jf030075x PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 719NQ UT WOS:000185210100033 PM 12952437 ER PT J AU Cui, YT Parker, G Lisle, TE Gott, J Hansler-Ball, ME Pizzuto, JE Allmendinger, NE Reed, JM AF Cui, YT Parker, G Lisle, TE Gott, J Hansler-Ball, ME Pizzuto, JE Allmendinger, NE Reed, JM TI Sediment pulses in mountain rivers: 1. Experiments SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sediment transport; sediment pulses; sediment waves; mountain rivers ID GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; WAVE-PROPAGATION; BEDLOAD SHEETS; EVOLUTION; CHANNEL; CALIFORNIA; LOAD AB [1] Sediment often enters rivers in discrete pulses associated with landslides and debris flows. This is particularly so in the case of mountain streams. The topographic disturbance created on the bed of a stream by a single pulse must be gradually eliminated if the river is to maintain its morphological integrity. Two mechanisms for elimination have been identified: translation and dispersion. According to the first of these, the topographic high translates downstream. According to the second of these, it gradually diffuses away. In any given river both mechanisms may operate. This paper is devoted to a description of three controlled experiments on sediment pulses designed to model conditions in mountain streams. Each of the experiments began from the same mobile-bed equilibrium with a set rate and grain size distribution of sediment feed. In one experiment the median size of the pulse material was nearly identical to that of the feed sediment. In the other two the pulse material differed in grain size distribution from the feed sediment, being coarser in one case and finer in the other case. In all cases the mode of pulse deformation was found to be predominantly dispersive, a result that constitutes the main conclusion of this paper. The pulses resulted in a notable but transient elevation of sediment transport rate immediately downstream. When the pulse was coarser than the ambient sediment, the bed downstream remained armored, and a migrating delta formed in the backwater upstream. When the pulse was finer than the ambient sediment, translation was observed in addition to dispersion. The presence of the finer material notably elevated the transport of ambient coarse material on the bed downstream. In part 2 [ Cui et al., 2003], the experimental results are used to test a numerical model. C1 Univ Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Geol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Cui, YT (reprint author), Stillwater Sci, 2532 Durant Ave, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. EM yantao@stillwatersci.com; parke002@umn.edu OI Cui, Yantao/0000-0001-5820-8670 NR 25 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 10 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 9 AR 1239 DI 10.1029/2002WR001803 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 775CB UT WOS:000189022200001 ER PT J AU Cui, YT Parker, G Pizzuto, J Lisle, TE AF Cui, YT Parker, G Pizzuto, J Lisle, TE TI Sediment pulses in mountain rivers: 2. Comparison between experiments and numerical predictions SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sediment transport; sediment pulses; sediment waves; mountain rivers; numerical simulation ID BEDLOAD SHEETS; GRAVEL; EVOLUTION; ABRASION; CHANNEL; WAVES AB [1] Mountain rivers in particular are prone to sediment input in the form of pulses rather than a more continuous supply. These pulses often enter in the form of landslides from adjacent hillslopes or debris flows from steeper tributaries. The activities of humans such as timber harvesting, road building, and urban development can increase the frequency of sediment pulses. The question as to how mountain rivers accommodate pulses of sediment thus becomes of practical as well as academic significance. In part 1 [ Cui et al., 2003], the results of three laboratory experiments on sediment pulses are reported. It was found there that the pulses were eliminated from the flume predominantly by dispersion of the topographic high. Significant translation was observed only when the pulse material was substantially finer than the ambient load in the river. Here the laboratory data are used to test a numerical model originally devised for predicting the evolution of sediment pulses in field-scale gravel bed streams. The model successfully reproduces the predominantly dispersive deformation of the experimental pulses. Rates of dispersion are generally underestimated, largely because bed load transport rates are underestimated by the transport equation used in the model. The model reproduces the experimental data best when the pulse is significantly coarser than the ambient sediment. In this case, the model successfully predicts the formation and downstream progradation of a delta that formed in the backwater zone of the pulse in run 3. The performance of the model is less successful when the pulse is composed primarily of sand. This is likely because the bed load equation used in the study is specifically designed for gravel. When the model is adapted to conditions characteristic of large, sand bed rivers with low Froude numbers, it predicts substantial translation of pulses as well as dispersion. C1 Univ Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Geol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Serv, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Cui, YT (reprint author), Stillwater Sci, 2532 Durant Ave, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. EM yantao@stillwatersci.com; parke002@umn.edu OI Cui, Yantao/0000-0001-5820-8670 NR 22 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP 10 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 9 AR 1240 DI 10.1029/2002WR001805 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 775CB UT WOS:000189022200002 ER PT J AU Konishi, E Ajiro, N Nukuzuma, C Mason, PW Kurane, I AF Konishi, E Ajiro, N Nukuzuma, C Mason, PW Kurane, I TI Comparison of protective efficacies of plasmid DNAs encoding Japanese encephalitis virus proteins that induce neutralizing antibody or cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mice SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Japanese encephalitis; neutralizing antibody; DNA vaccine ID LETHAL DENGUE INFECTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CROSS-REACTIVITY; E-GLYCOPROTEIN; YELLOW-FEVER; CELL-CLONES; IMMUNIZATION AB Mice immunized with a plasmid DNA encoding the premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) proteins of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus (designated pcJEME) produce neutralizing antibodies and are protected from JE. To determine the role of the immune response to other viral proteins in protection, we constructed plasmid DNAs encoding other JE virus proteins and made a direct comparison among these plasmids using a Mouse model. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were induced by plasmids encoding capsid (C) or nonstructural proteins, NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3 or NS5. However, these plasmids provided only a partial protection against intraperitoneal challenge with a lethal dose of JE virus, whereas mice immunized with pcJEME were fully protected. In mice inoculated with CTL-inducing plasmids, high virus titers were detected in plasma immediately (1 h) following challenge and in brain on day 4 post-challenge, but no virus infectivity was detected in plasma and brain of pcJEME-immunized mice during the 5 days following challenge. These results indicate that protection provided by the prM/E-encoding DNA consists of neutralizing antibody that prevents virus dissemination from the peripheral site to the brain, and that this antibody-mediated mechanism of protection is more efficient than the immunity induced by plasmids that generate CTL responses capable of killing JE virus-infected cells. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kobe Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Sci, Suma Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6540142, Japan. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Virol 1, Tokyo 1628640, Japan. RP Konishi, E (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Sci, Suma Ku, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Kobe, Hyogo 6540142, Japan. NR 41 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 8 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 25-26 BP 3675 EP 3683 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00382-7 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 719YY UT WOS:000185233700023 PM 12922097 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, LL Barrera, J Kramer, E Lubroth, J Brown, F Golde, WT AF Rodriguez, LL Barrera, J Kramer, E Lubroth, J Brown, F Golde, WT TI A synthetic peptide containing the consensus sequence of the G-H loop region of foot-and-mouth disease virus type-O VP1 and a promiscuous T-helper epitope induces peptide-specific antibodies but fails to protect cattle against viral challenge SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE foot-and-mouth disease (FMD); peptide vaccines; cattle; antibody ID B-CELL; ANTIGENIC SITE; IMMUNODOMINANT; STRAIN; REACTIVITY; FRAGMENTS; INDUCTION; RESPONSES; VACCINES; MOTIF AB A pilot study was carried out in cattle to determine the immunogenicity of a synthetic consensus peptide comprising the G-H loop region of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type-O VP1 and a non-VP1 T-helper (Th) epitope. Cattle vaccinated intramuscularly either once (n = 5) or twice (n = 4) with 50 mug of the peptide preparation at a 21-day interval developed antibodies to the peptide as determined by ELISA with the exception of one steer that received a single dose. However, neutralizing antibody titers against FMDV type-O were modest and all animals presented with clinical FMD signs upon challenge 21 days after the last vaccination. In contrast, four of the five animals inoculated with an inactivated FMD type-O commercially prepared vaccine developed neutralizing antibodies and were fully protected against clinical disease following virus challenge 21 days post-vaccination (dpv). Nucleotide sequence comparison of the VP1 region between the challenge virus and RT-PCR products recovered from a lesion of the peptide-vaccinated animal with the highest neutralizing antibody titer 5 days post-challenge (dpc) showed no evidence for selection of a neutralization-resistant mutant. We conclude that although the synthetic peptide induced an antibody response in cattle, it failed to confer protection against FMDV challenge. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Rodriguez, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 29 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 8 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 25-26 BP 3751 EP 3756 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00364-5 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 719YY UT WOS:000185233700034 PM 12922108 ER PT J AU Lopez, AM Hines, MT Palmer, GH Knowles, DP Alperin, DC Hines, SA AF Lopez, AM Hines, MT Palmer, GH Knowles, DP Alperin, DC Hines, SA TI Analysis of anamnestic immune responses in adult horses and priming in neonates induced by a DNA vaccine expressing the vapA gene of Rhodococcus equi SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE DNA vaccination; Rhodococcus equi; VapA ID VIRULENCE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; RESPIRATORY VIRUS-INFECTIONS; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; CELLULAR-IMMUNITY; MUCOSAL IMMUNITY; HUMORAL-IMMUNE; NEWBORN MICE AB Rhodococcus equi remains one of the most important pathogens of early life in horses, yet conventional vaccines to prevent rhodococcal pneumonia have not been successful. DNA vaccination offers an alternative to conventional vaccines with specific advantages for immunization of neonates. We developed a DNA vaccine expressing the vapA gene (pVR1055vapA) that induced an anamnestic response characterized by virulence associated protein A (VapA)-specific IgG antibodies in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as well as VapA-specific proliferation of pulmonary lymphocytes when tested in adult ponies. In contrast, none of the adults receiving the control plasmid responded. To determine if pVR1055vapA induced VapA-specific responses in the foal, the targeted age group for vaccination against R. equi, 10 naive foals were randomly assigned at birth to two groups of five. At 8-15 days of age (day 1), foals were vaccinated by intranasal and intradermal (i.d.) routes with either pVR1055vapA or the negative control pVR1055vapA_rev. All foals were DNA boosted at day 14 and protein boosted at day 30 with either recombinant VapA or recombinant CAT (control group). Prior to the protein boost, neither group developed VapA-specific immune responses. However, at day 45, two of the VR1055vapA-vaccinated foals had increased titers of VapA-specific IgGb, IgM and IgGa in the sera, and IgG in the BALE The induction of the opsonizing isotypes IgGa and IgGb has been previously shown to be associated with protection against R. equi. No VapA-specific immune responses were detected in the control group. This study indicates that the DNA vaccine effectively stimulates anamnestic systemic and pulmonary immune responses in adult horses. The results in foals suggest that the DNA vaccine also primed a subset of immunized neonates. These data support further development and modification to produce a DNA vaccine to more effectively prime neonatal foals. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, ADRU, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hines, SA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, POB 647040, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 50 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 8 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 25-26 BP 3815 EP 3825 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00329-3 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 719YY UT WOS:000185233700041 PM 12922115 ER PT J AU Pedersen, LJ Damm, BI Marchant-Forde, JN Jensen, KH AF Pedersen, LJ Damm, BI Marchant-Forde, JN Jensen, KH TI Effects of feed-back from the nest on maternal responsiveness and postural changes in primiparous sows during the first 24 h after farrowing onset SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sows; piglets; maternal behaviour; responsiveness; environmental enrichment ID DOMESTIC SOWS; ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI; PIGLET MORTALITY; NEWBORN PIGLETS; PSEUDOPREGNANT PIGS; ENDOGENOUS OPIOIDS; NURSING BEHAVIOR; OXYTOCIN; PARTURITION; PROLACTIN AB In order to elucidate whether feed-back from a farrowing nest affects the sows' activity level and responsiveness to piglets during the first 24 h after the onset of parturition, 18 primiparous Landrace x Yorkshire sows were given the opportunity to build a farrowing nest of peat, straw and branches in Schmid pens. Eight treatment sows then had their nest removed 8-10 h after the onset of nest-building and again every 4 h until farrowing began, whereas 10 control sows were allowed to keep the nest. During the first 24 h after birth of the first piglet the behaviour of the sows and piglets was observed and heart rate of the sows monitored using a transmitter belt and watch receiver. The frequency of postural changes and a maternal responsiveness index was calculated. In addition, time from birth of each piglet until it suckled for the first time was calculated. In the treatment group there was a constantly higher level of maternal responsiveness (P < 0.0001), but the frequency of postural changes did not differ from that of control sows. The timing of maternal responsiveness was not affected by treatment, but in both treatment groups maternal responsiveness was significantly higher during the first 2 h after birth of the first piglet than in the following 6 h (P < 0.0001). Hereafter (8-24 h postpartum) the maternal responsiveness significantly increased (P = 0.05). The frequency of postural changes also was higher during the first 2 h (P < 0.0001) than in the following 6 h after which it increased again (P = 0.05). Heart rate gradually declined over the first 8 h after birth of the first piglet (P < 0.0001) after which it stayed level. Piglets from treatment sows took significantly longer to suckle for the first time compared to piglets from control sows (P < 0.05). The decrease in activity and maternal responsiveness shortly after parturition has begun is likely to be advantageous for the piglets as it reduces the risk of piglet crushing while at the same time giving early access to the udder and to warmth from the sow. The results emphasise the importance of a proper farrowing environment and the opportunity to construct a nest, particularly in loose housed sows where the survival and vigorousness of the piglets depend greatly on the behaviour of the sow because the piglets are not protected by pen features as is the case in farrowing crates. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Danish Inst Agr Sci, Dept Anim Hlth & Welf, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Hlth, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behavior Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Pedersen, LJ (reprint author), Danish Inst Agr Sci, Dept Anim Hlth & Welf, POB 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009 OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 NR 57 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD SEP 5 PY 2003 VL 83 IS 2 BP 109 EP 124 DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(03)00116-3 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 716TB UT WOS:000185043900003 ER PT J AU Saenz, D Johnson, JB Adams, CK Dayton, GH AF Saenz, D Johnson, JB Adams, CK Dayton, GH TI Accelerated hatching of southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) eggs in response to the presence of a crayfish (Procambarus nigrocinctus) predator SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID EYED TREEFROG EGGS; SALAMANDER EGGS; ANURAN LARVAE; TADPOLES; SELECTION; TOAD; AMPHIBIANS; PLASTICITY; RISK; POND AB Phenotypic plasticity, such as morphological and behavioral changes in response to predators, is common in larval anurans. Less is known about inducible defenses in the embryonic stages of development. We investigated the predation risk imposed by crayfish (Procambarus nigrocinctus) on southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) eggs and whether crayfish presence induces a change in the timing of hatching of R. sphenocephala eggs. We found that crayfish significantly reduce the hatching success of R. sphenocephala eggs by eating them and that eggs hatch significantly faster in the presence of crayfish than when crayfish are not present. We also found that the nonlethal presence of crayfish (caged with no access to eggs) induced accelerated hatching, indicating that injured conspecifics are not required to elicit the response. Reception of chemical cues produced or released by crayfish may play an important role in survival of R. sphenocephala eggs. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. Stephen F Austin State Univ, Dept Biol, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Saenz, D (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, Nacogdoches, TX 75965 USA. EM c_saenzd@titan.sfasu.edu NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD SEP 5 PY 2003 IS 3 BP 646 EP 649 DI 10.1643/CE-02-172R1 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 721AE UT WOS:000185294200022 ER PT J AU Cameron, RG Hotchkiss, AT Kauffman, SW Grohmann, K AF Cameron, RG Hotchkiss, AT Kauffman, SW Grohmann, K TI Utilization of an evaporative light scattering high-performance size-exclusion chromatography acid oligomers SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE galacturonic acid; polygalacturonic acid; pectin; carbohydrates ID ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; OLIGOGALACTURONIC ACIDS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; ACTION PATTERNS; PECTIN; ENDOPOLYGALACTURONASE; DETECTOR; RESIDUES AB A high-performance size-exclusion chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector method was used to separate, detect and quantify galacturonic acid (GA) oligomers. In 40 mM acetic acid GA monomer, dimer and trimer could be separated with baseline resolution but polygalacturonic acid (PGA) precipitated and could not be eluted from the column. An NH4OAc, pH 3.7, buffer was developed as the eluent which separated GA oligomers as well as PGA and pectin without precipitation. Linear calibration curves for mono-, di- and tri-GA were produced with this buffer which could be used to estimate masses of tetra-, penta- and hexa-GA, as well as 19mer and 20mer. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, SAA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. USDA, ARS, NAA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Cameron, RG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SAA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S,NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD SEP 5 PY 2003 VL 1011 IS 1-2 BP 227 EP 231 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(03)01171-3 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 718QG UT WOS:000185157500024 PM 14518780 ER PT J AU Binkley, D Senock, R Bird, S Cole, TG AF Binkley, D Senock, R Bird, S Cole, TG TI Twenty years of stand development in pure and mixed stands of Eucalyptus saligna and nitrogen-fixing Facaltaria moluccana SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Eucalyptus saligna; Facaltaria moluccana; nitrogen fixation; forest production; de Wit replacement series ID AGE-RELATED DECLINE; ALBIZIA FALCATARIA; PLANTATIONS; NUTRIENT; HAWAII; GROWTH; TREES; PRODUCTIVITY; FORESTS AB The vast majority of tropical tree plantations are monocultures, and only a few case studies have examined growth of mixed-species plantations. Mixtures that contain nitrogen (N)-fixing species may have the potential to increase overall plantation yields, but too few case studies are available to provide general insights. We extended previous measurements of 10 years of stand development in a mixed-species experiment in Hawaii through age 20 years. The plots had a constant total number of stems initially (2500 ha(-1)), but varying ratios of Eucalyptus saligna (Sm.) to nitrogen-fixing Facaltaria moluccana (Miquel) Barneby & Grimes (=Albizia Facaltaria (L.) Fosberg, and Paraserianthes Facaltaria (L.) I. Nielsen). Eucalyptus stem growth declined strongly in monocultures after age of 7 years, but showed no decline in mixtures. After 10 years of stand development, Eucalyptus stem mass was greatest in the monoculture, averaging about 155 Mg/ha (versus 140 Mg/ha in the 0.5 Facaltaria treatment); total (combined) stem mass for both species was almost twice as great in mixtures as in monocultures. By the age of 20 years, Eucalyptus stem mass was within a 20% range across treatments (260 Mg/ha), and total stem mass ranged up to 430 Mg/ha in the 0.75 Facaltaria treatment. Losses of stem mass from mortality were moderate for Eucalyptus between 18 and 20 years, averaging 20-25% of gross stem growth in mixed-species treatments, but 60% in the Eucalyptus monoculture. Mortality losses of stem mass were extremely high for Facaltaria in all plots, matching or exceeding gross stem growth from age 18 to 20 years. The size of individual Eucalyptus trees was much greater in the mixed plots than in the monoculture plots, so any short-term economic gain from the mixed-species plots may derive from larger tree sizes rather than from more wood mass per hectare. The longer term benefits of mixed plots may include the effects of Facaltaria on soil fertility and community diversity. Overall, these very large changes in ecosystem production in mixtures underscores the need for a large number of additional studies to examine other species combinations, sites, and silvicultural systems. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Hawaii, Coll Agr & Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Forest Expt Stn, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Binkley, D (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM dan@cnr.colostate.edu NR 27 TC 80 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 3 PY 2003 VL 182 IS 1-3 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1016/s0378-1127(03)00028-8 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 716XL UT WOS:000185054900007 ER PT J AU Dolanc, CR Gorchov, DL Cornejo, F AF Dolanc, CR Gorchov, DL Cornejo, F TI The effects of silvicultural thinning on trees regenerating in strip clear-cuts in the Peruvian Amazon SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE sustainable management; tropical rainforest; annual growth increment; recruitment; sapling survival; deferment-cut ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; COSTA-RICA; GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTS; DYNAMICS; LIGHT AB Common logging practices in tropical rainforest are often not sustainable and can degrade the forest. The Palcazu Forest Management system (strip clear-cutting) has been proposed as one sustainable alternative. However, low growth rates of commercial tree species during early regeneration indicate that strip-cutting may not be sustainable. To test whether a silvicultural treatment enhances the growth, survival, recruitment or richness of regenerating trees, we carried out an experimental thinning in 1996 within two strips cleared in 1989 at Jenaro Herrera, Peru, then censussed and remeasured trees on thinned and control plots in 2000. In addition, for strip 2, we compared tree regeneration on two felling treatments, clear-cutting and deferment-cutting. Thinning significantly enhanced annual growth increment (AGI) for stems of all regeneration categories (recruits, stump sprouts, and advance regeneration) of commercial species in strip 1, and for all categories of recruits and stump sprouts in strip 2. In most cases, mean increment in the thinned treatment was approximately twice that of the control. Recruitment, survival and richness, however, demonstrated little response to thinning. Although growth tended to be higher in clear-cut portions, significant differences in increment for felling treatment were detected for only two of seven categories on strip 2, and there was no effect of felling treatment on survival, recruitment or richness. Thinning is likely to raise the value of the second harvest on the strips by enhancing the growth rates of regenerating trees, so thinning should be included in the strip clear-cutting system. This system should not, however, be considered sustainable unless growth rates are sufficient to ensure the value of successive harvests. Crown Copyright (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Bot, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Proyecto Castanales, Puerto Maldonado, Peru. RP Dolanc, CR (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, 2081 E Sierra Ave, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 3 PY 2003 VL 182 IS 1-3 BP 103 EP 116 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00012-4 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 716XL UT WOS:000185054900008 ER PT J AU DeWalt, SJ Maliakal, SK Denslow, JS AF DeWalt, SJ Maliakal, SK Denslow, JS TI Changes in vegetation structure and composition along a tropical forest chronosequence: implications for wildlife SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE coarse-woody debris; forest structure; neotropics; snags; succession ID BARRO-COLORADO-ISLAND; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; RAIN-FOREST; OLD-GROWTH; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; FLORISTIC COMPOSITION; SECONDARY FORESTS; DECIDUOUS FORESTS; BIRD ASSEMBLAGES; LOWLAND FOREST AB Changes in tropical forest structure and species composition that occur during regeneration following land abandonment may have important consequences for wildlife populations. Many animals rely on forest resources as sites for foraging, nesting, and protection that may vary in abundance in forests of different ages. In this study, we examined aspects of forest composition and structure thought to be important to wildlife along a tropical moist forest chronosequence in the Barro Colorado Nature Monument (BCNM) of central Panama. Secondary forests of approximately 20, 40, 70, and 100 years in fallow as well as two stands of old-growth forest (>500 years) were intensively studied. All stands were located on relatively fertile soils and were in close proximity to old-growth forest. Within 70 years following cessation of active management, many structural aspects of secondary forests resembled those of old-growth stands. Large living tree (>65 cm diameter) density and coarse-woody debris volume increased with secondary forest age and were equivalent to old-growth levels by 70 years. Snag density and basal area did not differ with stand age. Species composition and availability of food resources in secondary forests did not converge on old-growth characteristics as quickly as most structural aspects, but many resources available to generalist frugivores were common across the chronosequence. Tree, but not liana, species composition of secondary stands became more similar to old growth with increasing forest age. Understory fleshy fruit availability was highest in young secondary stands, while importance values of trees and lianas with animal-dispersed fruits remained unchanged across the chronosequence. The importance of species particularly important to some frugivores, such as Ficus and Virola, had unpredictable distributions, but palm importance value increased with stand age. We suggest that young secondary forests may provide adequate nesting, foraging, and roosting resources for many animal taxa, but some populations of animals specializing on coarse-woody debris, large trees, or particular species of trees may be limited in secondary forest less than 70 years old. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP DeWalt, SJ (reprint author), 5518 Covode St,A2, Pittsburgh, PA 15217 USA. EM sdewalt@lsu.edu NR 80 TC 104 Z9 115 U1 8 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 3 PY 2003 VL 182 IS 1-3 BP 139 EP 151 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00029-X PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 716XL UT WOS:000185054900010 ER PT J AU Lesica, P Atthowe, HE Dugan, FM AF Lesica, P Atthowe, HE Dugan, FM TI Incidence of Perenniporia fraxinophila and its effects on green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) woodlands in eastern Montana, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Perenniporia fraxinophila; Fraxinus pennsylvanica; green ash; woodland; canopy dieback; decline; Montana ID FOMES-FRAXINOPHILUS; FOREST DECLINE; GREAT-PLAINS; WHITE ASH; ASSOCIATION; WINDBREAKS; YELLOWS; DAKOTA; PLANTS AB Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) woodlands are declining throughout the Northern Great Plains of North America. The heart rot disease of ash caused by Perenniporia fraxinophila is common in these woodlands, but its importance in woodland decline is not known. We sampled the visible incidence of P. fraxinophila stem decay on green ash in 17 native woodland stands in east-central Montana, USA. Randomly chosen trees with and without P. fraxinophila sporocarps were measured for age, height and girth. Incidence of sporocarps on green ash trees ranged from 0 to 67% within stands with a mean of 38%. Sporocarps of other wood-rotting basidiomycetes were not observed in sample stands. P. fraxinophila sporocarps were more frequent on larger, faster growing trees. Rot was detected in basal cores from 23% of the sample trees; 74% of these also had sporocarps. Trees originating from multiple-stump sprouts were not more likely to have sporocarps, suggesting that P. fraxinophila does not usually enter sprouting trees directly from infected stumps. Mean canopy dieback ranged from 22 to 50% and averaged 54% for trees with sporocarps compared with 37% for trees without sporocarps. However, 27% of ash trees lacking both sporocarps and rotten cores had mean canopy dieback greater than or equal to50%, indicating that P. fraxinophila is not the primary cause of canopy dieback. Growth rates of ash trees with P. fraxinophila sporocarps declined as the number of sporocarps increased. The incidence of P. fraxinophila is associated with a decline in mean annual precipitation across Nebraska and eastern Montana. These results suggest that this disease may contribute to the decline of ash woodlands, especially where drought stress is common. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Conservat Biol Res, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. Montana State Univ, Cooperat Extens Serv, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lesica, P (reprint author), Conservat Biol Res, 929 Locust, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD SEP 3 PY 2003 VL 182 IS 1-3 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00011-2 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 716XL UT WOS:000185054900011 ER PT J AU Buell, CR Joardar, V Lindeberg, M Selengut, J Paulsen, IT Gwinn, ML Dodson, RJ Deboy, RT Durkin, AS Kolonay, JF Madupu, R Daugherty, S Brinkac, L Beanan, MJ Haft, DH Nelson, WC Davidsen, T Zafar, N Zhou, LW Liu, J Yuan, QP Khouri, H Fedorova, N Tran, B Russell, D Berry, K Utterback, T Van Aken, SE Feldblyum, TV D'Ascenzo, M Deng, WL Ramos, AR Alfano, JR Cartinhour, S Chatterjee, AK Delaney, TP Lazarowitz, SG Martin, GB Schneider, DJ Tang, XY Bender, CL White, O Fraser, CM Collmer, A AF Buell, CR Joardar, V Lindeberg, M Selengut, J Paulsen, IT Gwinn, ML Dodson, RJ Deboy, RT Durkin, AS Kolonay, JF Madupu, R Daugherty, S Brinkac, L Beanan, MJ Haft, DH Nelson, WC Davidsen, T Zafar, N Zhou, LW Liu, J Yuan, QP Khouri, H Fedorova, N Tran, B Russell, D Berry, K Utterback, T Van Aken, SE Feldblyum, TV D'Ascenzo, M Deng, WL Ramos, AR Alfano, JR Cartinhour, S Chatterjee, AK Delaney, TP Lazarowitz, SG Martin, GB Schneider, DJ Tang, XY Bender, CL White, O Fraser, CM Collmer, A TI The complete genome sequence of the Arabidopsis and tomato pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS C58/; BIOSYNTHETIC GENE-CLUSTER; PLANT-PATHOGEN; PHYTOTOXIN CORONATINE; PROTEIN SECRETION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IDENTIFICATION; VIRULENCE; RESISTANCE AB We report the complete genome sequence of the model bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato DC3000 (DC3000), which is pathogenic on tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana. The DC3000 genome (6.5 megabases) contains a circular chromosome and two plasmids, which collectively encode 5,763 ORFs. We identified 298 established and putative virulence genes, including several clusters of genes encoding 31 confirmed and 19 predicted type III secretion system effector proteins. Many of the virulence genes were members of paralogous families and also were proximal to mobile elements, which collectively comprise 7% of the DC3000 genome. The bacterium possesses a large repertoire of transporters for the acquisition of nutrients, particularly sugars, as well as genes implicated in attachment to plant surfaces. Over 12% of the genes are dedicated to regulation, which may reflect the need for rapid adaptation to the diverse environments encountered during epiphytic growth and pathogenesis. Comparative analyses confirmed a high degree of similarity with two sequenced pseudomonads, Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, yet revealed 1,159 genes unique to DC3000, of which 811 lack a known function. C1 Inst Gen Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. USDA ARS, Cornell Theory Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Buell, CR (reprint author), Inst Gen Res, 9712 Med Ctr Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RI Delaney, Terrence/A-2947-2008; Martin, Gregory/F-6262-2011; Schneider, David/H-2236-2012; Paulsen, Ian/K-3832-2012; Nelson, William/E-9263-2016; Alfano, James/A-7430-2010 OI Fraser, Claire/0000-0003-1462-2428; Martin, Gregory/0000-0003-0044-6830; Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385; Paulsen, Ian/0000-0001-9015-9418; Nelson, William/0000-0002-1873-3929; FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 43311] NR 62 TC 496 Z9 1193 U1 7 U2 80 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 2 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 18 BP 10181 EP 10186 DI 10.1073/pnas.1731982100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 717YX UT WOS:000185119300011 PM 12928499 ER PT J AU Schmelz, EA Engelberth, J Alborn, HT O'Donnell, P Sammons, M Toshima, H Tumlinson, JH AF Schmelz, EA Engelberth, J Alborn, HT O'Donnell, P Sammons, M Toshima, H Tumlinson, JH TI Simultaneous analysis of phytohormones, phytotoxins, and volatile organic compounds in plants SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SYRINGAE PV TOMATO; IONIZATION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ABSCISIC-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; NICOTIANA-TABACUM LEAVES; JASMONIC ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SALICYLIC-ACID; CORONATINE PRODUCTION; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; METHYL JASMONATE AB Phytohormones regulate the protective responses of plants against both biotic and abiotic stresses by means of synergistic or antagonistic actions referred to as signaling crosstalk. A bottleneck in crosstalk research is the quantification of numerous interacting phytohormones and regulators. The chemical analysis of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and abscisic acid is typically achieved by using separate and complex methodologies. Moreover, pathogen-produced phytohormone mimics, such as the phytotoxin coronatine (COR), have not been directly quantified in plant tissues. We address these problems by using a simple preparation and a GC-MS-based metabolic profiling approach. Plant tissue is extracted in aqueous 1-propanol and mixed with dichloromethane. Carboxylic acids present in the organic layer are methylated by using trimethylsilylcliazomethane; analytes are volatilized under heat, collected on a polymeric absorbent, and eluted with solvent into a sample vial. Analytes are separated by using gas chromatography and quantified by using chemical-ionization mass spectrometry that produces predominantly [M+H](+) parent ions. We use this technique to examine levels of COR, phytohormones, and volatile organic compounds in model systems, including Arabidopsis thaliana during infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, corn (Zea mays) under herbivory by corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) after mechanical damage, and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) during drought stress. Numerous complex changes induced by pathogen infection, including the accumulation of COR, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and abscisic acid illustrate the potential and simplicity of this approach in quantifying signaling crosstalk interactions that occur at the level of synthesis and accumulation. C1 USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ibaraki Univ, Dept Bioresource Sci, Ami, Ibaraki 3000393, Japan. RP Schmelz, EA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM eschmelz@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu RI Engelberth, Jurgen/D-3131-2011; Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X NR 68 TC 191 Z9 210 U1 11 U2 110 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 2 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 18 BP 10552 EP 10557 DI 10.1073/pnas.1633615100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 717YX UT WOS:000185119300075 PM 12874387 ER PT J AU Cardamone, JM Stuhrke, D Riehle, RJ AF Cardamone, JM Stuhrke, D Riehle, RJ TI Polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin for union dyeing wool/cotton blended fabrics SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE acid dyes; blends; cotton; union dyeing; wool ID PRETREATING COTTON; CATIONIC COTTON; DIRECT DYES; DYEABILITY; TEXTILES; IMPROVE; FIBERS; CARE; WOOL AB Cationic amine polyamide-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin was applied as pretreatment to wool, cotton, and blends of wool/cotton fabrics for subsequent one-step union dyeing with acid dyes according to the conventional wool dyeing process. Compared to cationic biguanide and dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea/alkyI amine pretreatments, which are known to be effective for one-step union dyeing to woo cotton blends when applied at levels of 2% to 10% on weight of bath (owb), PAE resins were equally as effective when applied at 1.25% owb for 30 min at 20C. PAE resins provide an efficient alternative to conventional dyeing processes used to achieve union shades and could lead to improved marketability of wool/cotton blends. C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Hercules Inc, Wilmington, DE USA. RP Cardamone, JM (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 3 IS 9 BP 28 EP 32 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 726DM UT WOS:000185583200004 ER PT J AU Biswas, A Sessa, DJ Gordon, SH Lawton, JW Willett, JL AF Biswas, A Sessa, DJ Gordon, SH Lawton, JW Willett, JL TI Synthesis of zein derivatives and their structure/mechanical property relationship. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM BISWASA@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 337-POLY BP U406 EP U406 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502104 ER PT J AU Campbell, JH Gallagher, S Delhom, CD AF Campbell, JH Gallagher, S Delhom, CD TI Thermal characterization of siloxane-phosphonate finishes on cellulose. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM jcampbell@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 244-PMSE BP U496 EP U496 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502579 ER PT J AU Duke, SO Dayan, FE Baerson, SR AF Duke, SO Dayan, FE Baerson, SR TI New molecular target sites for herbicides from natural compounds. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. EM sduke@olemiss.edu RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 026-AGRO BP U87 EP U87 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400325 ER PT J AU Dunlap, CA Cote, GL Momany, FA AF Dunlap, CA Cote, GL Momany, FA TI Oxidation and metal ion affinities of a novel cyclic tetrasaccharide. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dunlapc@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 051-CARB BP U209 EP U209 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400901 ER PT J AU Dyer, JM Chapital, DC Mullen, RT Kuan, JCW Pepperman, AB AF Dyer, JM Chapital, DC Mullen, RT Kuan, JCW Pepperman, AB TI Identification and functional analysis of enzymes required for the synthesis of tung oil, a high value industrial drying oil. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Bot, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM jdyer@nola.srrc.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 147-AGFD BP U74 EP U74 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400260 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Sommers, CH AF Fan, XT Sommers, CH TI Formation of volatile sulfur compounds in ready-to-eat turkey meat products induced by ionizing radiation. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xfan@arserrc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 071-AGFD BP U62 EP U62 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400186 ER PT J AU Finkenstadt, VL Willett, JL AF Finkenstadt, VL Willett, JL TI Starch-based functional polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM finkenvl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 143-AGFD BP U73 EP U74 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400257 ER PT J AU Fischer, JB Miller, JH AF Fischer, JB Miller, JH TI Use of ion chromatography for analysis of macro-nutrients in Mehlich 1 extracts of unfertilized forest soils. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, George W Andrews Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM jfischer01@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 004-AGRO BP U83 EP U83 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400303 ER PT J AU Fishman, ML Walker, PN Chau, HK Hotchkiss, AT AF Fishman, ML Walker, PN Chau, HK Hotchkiss, AT TI Flash extraction of pectin from orange albedo by steam injection. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mfishman@arserrc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 175-AGFD BP U78 EP U78 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400286 ER PT J AU Gallagher, S AF Gallagher, S TI Preparation of siloxane-phosphonate xerogels by freeze drying. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM skipg@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 142-POLY BP U377 EP U377 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062501910 ER PT J AU Goel, A Kuang, ZH McConnell, LL Torrents, A Meritt, D Tobash, S AF Goel, A Kuang, ZH McConnell, LL Torrents, A Meritt, D Tobash, S TI Temporal trends in wet-deposition of pesticides to the Choptank River watershed, Chesapeake Bay. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM anubha@wam.umd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 080-AGRO BP U96 EP U96 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400379 ER PT J AU Goodner, KL Kinton, VR Thorp, J AF Goodner, KL Kinton, VR Thorp, J TI Methodologies useful in determining chemical changes due to processing. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM goodner@citrus.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 069-AGFD BP U62 EP U62 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400184 ER PT J AU Hapeman, CJ Fetcho, JA McConnell, LL Potter, TL Rice, CP Bialek, K Schaffer, BA Curry, R AF Hapeman, CJ Fetcho, JA McConnell, LL Potter, TL Rice, CP Bialek, K Schaffer, BA Curry, R TI Agrochemical inputs to south Florida canals and Biscayne-Bay. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Trop REC Homestead, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hapemanc@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 031-AGRO BP U88 EP U88 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400330 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ Stahl, RS Furcolow, CA AF Johnston, JJ Stahl, RS Furcolow, CA TI Non-parametric bootstrapping simulations for evaluation of analytical methodology to support a pesticide product manufacturing quality control program. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM john.j.johnston@usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 029-AGRO BP U87 EP U87 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400328 ER PT J AU Klun, JA Zhang, QH AF Klun, JA Zhang, QH TI Synthesis of dienic lepidopteran pheromones via zinc reduction of enynes, and field evaluation of the Siberian moth pheromone. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM khrimiaa@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 042-AGRO BP U90 EP U90 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400341 ER PT J AU Kobaisy, M Tellez, MR Khan, IA Schaneberg, BT AF Kobaisy, M Tellez, MR Khan, IA Schaneberg, BT TI Essential oil composition of three Italian species of Ephedra. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. EM mkobaisy@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 129-AGFD BP U71 EP U71 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400244 ER PT J AU Lee, CC Wong, DWS Batt, SB Williams, TG Robertson, GH AF Lee, CC Wong, DWS Batt, SB Williams, TG Robertson, GH TI Characterization and improvement of biomass-degrading enzymes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 146-AGFD BP U74 EP U74 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400259 ER PT J AU Li, H Teppen, BJ Johnston, CT Laird, DA Boyd, SA AF Li, H Teppen, BJ Johnston, CT Laird, DA Boyd, SA TI Manipulation of pesticide sorption on smectite clay via cation exchange. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lihui@msu.edu RI Li, Hui/G-4055-2010; Laird, David/E-8598-2014; Boyd, Stephen/G-5819-2010 OI Li, Hui/0000-0003-3298-5265; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 102-ENVR BP U483 EP U483 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062402304 ER PT J AU Lin, JT McKeon, TA AF Lin, JT McKeon, TA TI Castor oil biosynthesis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. EM jtlin@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 150-AGFD BP U74 EP U74 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400263 ER PT J AU Liu, CK Latona, NP AF Liu, CK Latona, NP TI Physical property studies for a collagen material: Leather treated with tocopherol. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Wyndmoor, PA 19308 USA. EM cliu@arserrc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 154-PMSE BP U482 EP U482 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502489 ER PT J AU Liu, YQ Achtemeier, G AF Liu, YQ Achtemeier, G TI Impacts of smoke from prescribed fire on regional air quality in the South. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, SRS 4104, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM yliu@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 049-AGRO BP U91 EP U91 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400348 ER PT J AU Manthey, JA AF Manthey, JA TI LC-MS analysis of the metabolites of tangeretin in hamster. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, SAA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM jmanthey@citrus.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 085-AGFD BP U64 EP U64 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400200 ER PT J AU Margaryan, A Khrimian, A AF Margaryan, A Khrimian, A TI Efficient synthesis of ceralure B1, a potent attractant for the Mediterranean fruit fly. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, PSI, CAIBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM margatya@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 036-AGRO BP U89 EP U89 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400335 ER PT J AU Mastovska, K Lehotay, SJ AF Mastovska, K Lehotay, SJ TI Evaluation of organic solvents for gas chromatographic analysis of multiple pesticide residues. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM kmastovska@arserrc.gov RI Mastovska, Katerina/B-1077-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 019-AGRO BP U86 EP U86 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400318 ER PT J AU McKeon, TA Chen, GQ He, XH Turner, C Lin, JT AF McKeon, TA Chen, GQ He, XH Turner, C Lin, JT TI Developing a safe castor plant for domestic production. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM tmckeon@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 160-AGFD BP U76 EP U76 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400271 ER PT J AU Medina, MB AF Medina, MB TI Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) with surface plasmon resonance biosensor. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM MMedina@arserrc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 097-AGFD BP U66 EP U66 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400212 ER PT J AU Momany, FA Appell, MD AF Momany, FA Appell, MD TI B3LYP/6-311(++)G** studies on carbohydrates: Effect of explicit water molecules on the conformation and energies of selected mono- and disaccharides. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM momanyfa@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 080-CARB BP U214 EP U214 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400929 ER PT J AU Myers, TJ AF Myers, TJ TI Sexual orientation and federal employment. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. EM Thomas.J.Myers@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 33-PROF BP U544 EP U544 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062502865 ER PT J AU Ow, DW AF Ow, DW TI Genes for metal and oxidative stress tolerance, tools for phytoremediation. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ow@pgec.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 148-AGFD BP U74 EP U74 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400261 ER PT J AU Piazza, GJ Foglia, TA Nunez, A AF Piazza, GJ Foglia, TA Nunez, A TI Oxidation of conjugated linoleic acid by oat seed peroxygenase: Identification of products. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM gpiazza@arserrc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 197-BIOL BP U183 EP U183 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400786 ER PT J AU Plotto, A Margaria, CA Goodner, KL Goodrich, RM Baldwin, EA AF Plotto, A Margaria, CA Goodner, KL Goodrich, RM Baldwin, EA TI Detection and identification threshold values for key flavor components in an orange juice matrix. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM plotto@citrus.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 155-AGFD BP U75 EP U75 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400268 ER PT J AU Prevost, NT Sachinvala, ND Lambert, AA Campbell, JH Gallagher, S Bland, JM Dailey, OD Maskos, K Niemczura, WP AF Prevost, NT Sachinvala, ND Lambert, AA Campbell, JH Gallagher, S Bland, JM Dailey, OD Maskos, K Niemczura, WP TI Exploring methods to increase the tensile and tear strengths of 100% cotton print cloth. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Tulane Univ, Coordinated Instrumentat Facil, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Textile Chem Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM nprevost@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 138-POLY BP U376 EP U376 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JG UT WOS:000187062501906 ER PT J AU Primus, TM Kohler, DJ Johnston, JJ AF Primus, TM Kohler, DJ Johnston, JJ TI Determination of diphacinone residues in Hawaiian invertebrates. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Thomas.M.Primus@usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 013-AGRO BP U85 EP U85 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400312 ER PT J AU Rajasekaran, K AF Rajasekaran, K TI Designer textiles - Genetic engineering of cotton. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM krajah@nola.srrc.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 157-AGFD BP U75 EP U75 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400269 ER PT J AU Rimando, AM Jacob, M Mahady, G AF Rimando, AM Jacob, M Mahady, G TI Activity of naturally occurring stilbenes against some pathogenic organisms. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Med Chem & Pharmacognosy, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. EM arimando@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 081-AGFD BP U64 EP U64 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400196 ER PT J AU Ruff, MD AF Ruff, MD TI Homeland security and the US Department of Agriculture. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, ARS, Homeland Secur, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM mruff@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 054-AGRO BP U91 EP U92 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400353 ER PT J AU Smith, JP Sammons, DL Biagini, RE Snawder, JE Striley, CAF Robertson, SA MacKenzie, BA AF Smith, JP Sammons, DL Biagini, RE Snawder, JE Striley, CAF Robertson, SA MacKenzie, BA TI Use of fluorescence covalent microbead immunosorbent assays (FCMIAs) for multiplexed pesticide biomonitoring. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, ARS, Homeland Secur, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM JPS3@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 053-AGRO BP U91 EP U91 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400352 ER PT J AU Solaiman, DKY Ashby, RD Foglia, TA AF Solaiman, DKY Ashby, RD Foglia, TA TI Genetic engineering to affect the biosynthesis of poly(hydroxyalkanoates). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dsolaiman@arserrc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 159-AGFD BP U75 EP U76 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400270 ER PT J AU Tellez, MR Osbrink, W Kobaisy, M Dayan, FE Schrader, K Romagni, J LaPointe, S Wedge, DE AF Tellez, MR Osbrink, W Kobaisy, M Dayan, FE Schrader, K Romagni, J LaPointe, S Wedge, DE TI Bioactivity of naturally occurring benzoquinones against pests. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Formosa Subterranean Termite Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM matellez@olemiss.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 023-AGRO BP U86 EP U86 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400322 ER PT J AU Thayer, DW AF Thayer, DW TI Establishing the microbiological, nutritional, and toxicological safety of irradiated food. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 096-AGFD BP U66 EP U66 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400211 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH Van Hekken, DL AF Tunick, MH Van Hekken, DL TI Chemistry and rheology of cheese. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mtunick@errc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 178-AGFD BP U78 EP U79 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400289 ER PT J AU Wartella, LH Boulevard, REL Marshall, WE AF Wartella, LH Boulevard, REL Marshall, WE TI Quaternized agricultural, by-products-as anion exchange resins. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM wartelle@srrc.ars NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 168-ENVR BP U495 EP U495 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062402370 ER PT J AU Wauchope, RD Schwartz, L Truman, CC AF Wauchope, RD Schwartz, L Truman, CC TI Field test of the root zone water quality model (RZWQM98) for runoff and leaching of fenamiphos and its oxidation products in a coastal plain field. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM don@tifton.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 009-AGRO BP U84 EP U84 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400308 ER PT J AU Zablotowicz, RM Hoagland, RE AF Zablotowicz, RM Hoagland, RE TI Role of glutathione conjugation in herbicide metabolism in plants and microorganisms. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM rzablotowicz@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 089-AGRO BP U97 EP U97 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400388 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Yates, SR Guo, MX Papiernik, SK AF Zheng, W Yates, SR Guo, MX Papiernik, SK TI Construction of a surface reactive barrier to reduce soil fumigant emissions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 226th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM wzheng@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 226 MA 002-AGRO BP U83 EP U83 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 751JF UT WOS:000187062400301 ER PT J AU Gooseff, MN Wondzell, SM Haggerty, R Anderson, J AF Gooseff, MN Wondzell, SM Haggerty, R Anderson, J TI Comparing transient storage modeling and residence time distribution (RTD) analysis in geomorphically varied reaches in the Lookout Creek basin, Oregon, USA SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE solute transport; hyporheic zone; numerical simulation; residence time distribution ID SUBSURFACE WATER EXCHANGE; 4TH-ORDER MOUNTAIN STREAM; HYPORHEIC ZONE; CONVECTIVE-TRANSPORT; NONSORBING SOLUTES; TRACER INJECTION; BED FORMS; FLOW; RETENTION; DYNAMICS AB The stream tracer technique has been widely used as a method of characterizing hyporheic exchange in stream-catchment studies, commonly incorporating the use of the numerical, transient storage model OTIS, which assumes an exponential residence time distribution. In this study, we compare OTIS and, a model that admits a general residence time distribution (RTD), called solute transport and multirate mass transfer-linear coordinates (STAMMT-L). Models were compared using slug-tracer injections of rhodamine WT (RWT) in three geomorphically distinct stream reaches in the Lookout Creek basin, Oregon USA: a second-order reach of a stream in Watershed 3 which is characterized by pool-step morphology; and two fourth-order reaches of Lookout Creek, one characterized by a single-thread, pool-step morphology, the other a morphologically complex reach with braided channels. OTIS modeling results tended to match short time scale concentrations well, including the advective peak, but the simulated late-time RTD of stream RWT concentrations was in error. The STAMMT-L model allowed for more accurate characterization of late-time stream RWT concentrations, and so characterized a larger portion of the entire RTD. Although both models are sensitive to morphologic differences among the studied stream reaches, they are also clearly different in the relative importance placed on short vs. long residence time distributions. Consequently the two models will result in different views of the hyporheic zone and its role in stream ecosystem processes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gooseff, MN (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Aquat Watershed & Earth Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RI Gooseff, Michael/B-9273-2008; Haggerty, Roy/A-5863-2009; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015 OI Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315 NR 50 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 26 IS 9 BP 925 EP 937 DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(03)00105-2 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 720AA UT WOS:000185236900003 ER PT J AU Scarbrough, AG Marasci, C Hill, HN AF Scarbrough, AG Marasci, C Hill, HN TI The Afrotropical species of the genus Ommatius Wiedemann, 1821 (Diptera : Asilidae): longipennis and sinuatus species-groups SO AFRICAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Asilidae; Ommatius longipennis and sinuatus species-groups; Afrotropical Region; montane species; species-groups AB Two new, montane, Afrotropical species-groups of Ommatius are reported, including nine species. The O. longipennis group includes O. acornutus sp. n., O. carbonarius sp. n., O. curtus sp. n., O. acornutus sp. n., O. digitus sp. n., O. marginosus sp. n. and O. longipennis Lindner. Ommatius longipennis is redescribed, and the male is reported for the first time. The O. sinuatus species-group includes O. ornatus sp. n. and O. sinuatus sp. n. With the exception of O. ornatus from Cameroon, members of these groups occur in eastern Africa along the Rift Valley from Ethiopia in the north to eastern Zimbabwe in the south. Most species occupy a narrow range, and a few are known from the type locality only. The species-groups and species are diagnosed, described, and compared with similar species. Keys to the species, illustrations of their terminalia and the wings of longipennis and O. sinuatus, and brief comments on their distribution and biology are included. C1 Towson State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Baltimore, MD 21252 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA, APIS, PPQ, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Scarbrough, AG (reprint author), Towson State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Baltimore, MD 21252 USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC SOUTHERN AFRICA PI HATFIELD PA PO BOX 13162, HATFIELD 0028, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1021-3589 J9 AFR ENTOMOL JI Afr. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 11 IS 2 BP 233 EP 259 PG 27 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 759DQ UT WOS:000187723400010 ER PT J AU Caister, LE Shields, WM Gosser, A AF Caister, LE Shields, WM Gosser, A TI Female tannin avoidance: a possible explanation for habitat and dietary segregation of giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta) in Niger SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE foraging preference; giraffe; G.c. peralta; Giraffa camelopardalis; Niger; west African browsers ID SEXUAL SEGREGATION; FEEDING ECOLOGY AB Niger is host of the last free-roaming herd of G.c. peralta (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta). We examined the foraging preferences of these giraffe in their dry-season habitats, with the goal of preserving the herd in the regions that they currently inhabit. The current dry-season habitat comprises two distinct vegetation zones. In both of these zones the giraffe must exist alongside the people of this region. The giraffes exhibit a sexual segregation in their dry-season habitat selection and forage choices. The females show a strong preference for the intermediate zone (IM) when lactating. The males and pregnant females show a preference for the Dallol Bosso (DB). Nursing cows exhibit an avoidance of tannins. Bulls and non-nursing cows prefer high protein and high fat forage, while subadults show a strong preference for high protein and carbohydrate contents and moderate tannin levels. Combretum glutinosum is the preferred species for adults of both sexes in the IM. Males and females have strong preferences for both Acacia nilotica and Acacia seyal in the DB. Sub-adults of both sexes strongly prefer Prosopis africana in the IM. Unlike females, males retain their preference for A. nilotica when in the IM. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. USDA, APHIS, WS, Castleton, NY 12033 USA. RP Shields, WM (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM wmsl@syr.edu NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0141-6707 J9 AFR J ECOL JI Afr. J. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2028.2003.00422.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 725FZ UT WOS:000185534300001 ER PT J AU Young, BG Young, JM Matthews, JL Owen, MDK Zelaya, IA Hartzler, RG Wax, LM Rorem, KW Bollero, GA AF Young, BG Young, JM Matthews, JL Owen, MDK Zelaya, IA Hartzler, RG Wax, LM Rorem, KW Bollero, GA TI Soybean development and yield as affected by three postemergence herbicides SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE-MAX; BROADLEAF HERBICIDES; WEED MANAGEMENT; PLANTING DATE; GLYPHOSATE; COMBINATIONS; GROWTH AB Field experiments were conducted during 3 yr at four locations in Illinois and three locations in Iowa to evaluate the influence of soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] planting date and postemergence herbicide application timing on soybean injury and grain yield. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] at 1120 g a.e. ha-(1) did not cause visual soybean injury or reduce yield. Acifluorfen [5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid] at 420 g a.i. ha-1, and imazethapyr [2-[4,5-hydro-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid] at 70 g a.i. ha(-1) caused visual soybean injury at 5 to 7 and 21 to 24 d after herbicide application (DAA). Overall soybean injury was greater with the late planting date compared with the early planting date. Chlorosis and stunting at 5 to 7 DAA was greater from acifluorfen and imazethapyr at the early (V2-V3 soybean stage) compared with the late (V5-V6 soybean stage) application timing. Imazethapyr and acifluorfen reduced soybean leaf area index by 5.7 to 14.3% and soybean height by 4.1 to 8.3% at 21 to 24 DAA. Soybean yield was reduced 1.5 and 2.1% by acifluorfen and imazethapyr, respectively, compared with the no-herbicide/weed-free plots. Soybean yield averaged across herbicide treatment and application timing was reduced 11% with the late planting date compared with the early planting date. C1 So Illinois Univ, Ctr Excellence Soybean Res Teaching & Outreach, Dept Plant Soil & Gen Agr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50014 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Young, BG (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Ctr Excellence Soybean Res Teaching & Outreach, Dept Plant Soil & Gen Agr, MC 4415, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1152 EP 1156 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 726EL UT WOS:000185585500008 ER PT J AU Burner, DM AF Burner, DM TI Influence of alley crop environment on orchardgrass and tall fescue herbage SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL GRASSES; SHADE TOLERANCE; GROWTH; CANOPY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SUNFLECKS; PASTURE; DROUGHT AB The design of agroforestry systems requires a thorough understanding of biological interactions that might complement or constrain production. The objective of this study was to examine effects of alley crop environment on persistence, herbage yield, nutritive value, and gas exchange (CO2 exchange rate, transpiration, and stomatal conductance) of two shade-tolerant herbage grasses. The experiment was conducted for 3 yr in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and a 1:1 binary mixture (tall fescue and orchardgrass) in 4.9-m-wide alleys of 10-yr-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pine (P. echinata Mill.), and the unshaded control at Booneville, AR. Loblolly pine was 1.5 m taller and had twice the canopy cover as shortleaf pine (52 and 25% canopy cover, respectively). Averaged across harvests, orchardgrass persisted better in loblolly pine alleys (72% stand) than in the control (44% stand) while tall fescue persisted better in the control (30% stand) than in loblolly pine (13% stand). Persistence in shortleaf pine alleys was intermediate for both herbage treatments. Yields of orchardgrass and the binary mixture did not differ in pine alleys (1300 kg ha(-1)) and were usually greater than tall fescue yields (:5700 kg ha(-1)). Crude protein was higher in loblolly pine alleys (172 g kg(-1)) than in the control (141 g kg(-1)). Gas exchange parameters were similar for tall fescue and orchardgrass across a range of volumetric soil moisture (15-30%), indicating little difference in drought response. Producers should consider using orchardgrass monocultures or binary mixtures with tall fescue for pine alleys in the midsouth USA. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Cent, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Burner, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Cent, 6883 S State Hwy 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1163 EP 1171 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 726EL UT WOS:000185585500010 ER PT J AU Flowers, M Weisz, R Heiniger, R AF Flowers, M Weisz, R Heiniger, R TI Quantitative approaches for using color infrared photography for assessing in-season nitrogen status in winter wheat SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL METER; SPECTRAL RADIANCE; FERTILIZER; PLANT; CORN; REQUIREMENTS; VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT; YIELD; SOIL AB Due to the timing and rates of N applications in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the potential exists for high N loading to the environment. Plant tissue tests offer growers the ability to determine in-season. N status, and to optimize N applications and N use efficiency. However, sampling and N analysis can be costly, difficult, and time consuming. Remote sensing may offer a solution to these problems. The objectives of this study were to determine (i) if remote sensing could be used to estimate in-season N status, (ii) if within-field calibration would improve the ability of remote sensing to estimate crop N status, and (iii) if optimum N rates could be estimated using remote sensing. Research was conducted in 1999 to 2001 at eight sites. Two sites had randomized complete block designs with variety, seeding rate, and N rate as treatments. Six sites had a single seeding rate and wheat variety. Biomass was found to influence spectral measurements of in-season N status. A strong relationship between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and growth stage (GS)-30 whole-plant N concentration (R-2 = 0.69) and GS-30 N uptake (R-2 = 0.61) was found. Within-field calibration did not improve the estimation of in-season N status by NDVI. While it was possible to use NDVI to estimate GS-30 N uptake, predicted N fertilizer rates based on N, uptake were highly unreliable. However, NDVI reliably predicted GS-30 N fertilizer rates based on whole-plant N concentration for wheat that had mean GS-30 biomass values >1000 kg ha(-1). C1 USDA ARS, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Vernon James Res & Ext Ctr, Plymouth, NC 27962 USA. RP Flowers, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Res Unit, 3908 Inwood Rd, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1189 EP 1200 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 726EL UT WOS:000185585500013 ER PT J AU Rowe, DE Fairbrother, TE AF Rowe, DE Fairbrother, TE TI Harvesting winter forages to extract manure soil nutrients SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; WATER AB Harvested hay captures soil manure nutrients, which, if not utilized, could cause pollution of surface water or aquifer. This study determined yields of hay and N, P, K, Mg, Mn, Ca, Fe, Zn, and Cu of three winter forages for five harvest systems. Dormant bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] sod fertilized with swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) effluent was fall seeded with 'Kenland' red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), 'Bigbee' berseem clover (T. alexandrinum L.), or 'Marshall' annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorain Lam.). Forage was removed for three springs with single 1 June harvest or with one of four two-harvest-day systems: 1 April and 1 June, 15 April and 1 June, 1 May and 1 June, and 15 May and 1 June. Mean herbage yields were similar for the forages, but nutrient yields and best harvest date varied. Ryegrass yields across harvests were similar except for a reduced 1 May and 1 June harvest. 1 April and 1 June was usually the best harvest for the clovers while the single 1 June was the poorest. The use of two spring harvests for the legumes increased yields up to 130% of the single harvest. The legumes yielded up to 64% more N, 24% more P, and 40 and 72% more of the metals Zn and Cu than the ryegrass. The 1 April harvest of berseem clover removed >30 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) of soil P. Management of soil nutrients is critically affected by choice of winter forage and harvest system. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Rowe, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, 810 Highway 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1209 EP 1212 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 726EL UT WOS:000185585500015 ER PT J AU Varvel, GE Wilhelm, WW AF Varvel, GE Wilhelm, WW TI Soybean nitrogen contribution to corn and sorghum in western corn belt rotations SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROP SEQUENCES; GRAIN-SORGHUM; LEGUME; YIELD; FERTILIZER; N-15 AB Increased N availability is often associated with the beneficial effects of rotating grain and legume crops. Our objective was to utilize yield response data from two long-term studies to determine the amount of N supplied by soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] for subsequent nonlegume crops in 2-yr rotations. The experiments were located in eastern Nebraska (Mead) (rainfed) and central Nebraska (Shelton) (irrigated). Continuous corn (Zea mays L.) and soybeancorn cropping systems were present in both experiments while continuous sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and soybean-sorghum cropping systems were present at Mead only. Three N fertilizer rates were used for the study at Mead and five at Shelton. Nitrogen fertilizer replacement values were estimated using graphical and regression techniques. Results from both techniques indicated that corn in the rainfed experiment at Mead (20 yr) and irrigated experiment at Shelton (10 yr) obtained approximately 65 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) from soybean in a 2-yr rotation with soybean at both locations. Sorghum in the rainfed experiment at Mead (20 yr) obtained approximately 80 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) from soybean in a soybean-sorghum rotation. Current fertilizer N applications based on fall or early-spring soil tests used extensively in this area need to be reduced by these amounts for corn and sorghum grown in 2-yr rotations with soybean when grown on medium- to fine-textured soils in the western Corn Belt to reduce excess N available for loss and to reduce unnecessary input costs. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Varvel, GE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 15 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1220 EP 1225 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 726EL UT WOS:000185585500017 ER PT J AU Eghball, B Shanahan, JF Varvel, GE Gilley, JE AF Eghball, B Shanahan, JF Varvel, GE Gilley, JE TI Reduction of high soil test phosphorus by corn and soybean varieties SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-BASED MANURE; COMPOST APPLICATIONS; RUNOFF; FERTILIZER; BUILDUP; DECLINE AB Soils with high levels of P can contribute to excess P in runoff and subsequently pollute the surface water. Excess P in the soil can be removed from the system by harvesting crops. The objectives of this study were to evaluate corn (Zea mays L.) P removal effects on soil P reduction, and to evaluate various corn hybrids and soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] varieties for differences in grain P concentration and P removal. Soil with Varying P levels as a result of annual or biennial beef cattle (Bos taurus) feedlot manure or compost application was cropped to corn for 4 yr without any P addition. In other studies under various water and N regimes, corn hybrids and soybean varieties were evaluated for grain P concentration and P removal. Four years of corn production without P addition lowered surface soil (0-15 cm) extractable P level (Bray and Kurtz no. 1) from 265 mg kg(-1) to 171 mg kg(-1) in the biennial N-based compost treatment. Based on a decay equation, it would have required 10 yr of corn P removal to lower the soil P level to the original 69 mg kg(-1) that existed before treatment application. The rate of decrease in extractable soil P was greater when soil P was higher and reduced with decreasing soil P level. Most of the P in the plants was absorbed from the 0- to 15-cm soil depth since no significant reduction in soil P level was observed from 1996 to 1999 in the 15- to 30-cm soil depth. Across 2 yr, there was as much as 54% difference among corn hybrids for grain P removal. The differences in P concentrations among corn hybrids indicated that hybrids could be selected for low P uptake when lower P level in ethanol production by-product or in animal ration and subsequently in manure is desired. Soybean grain P concentration was nearly twice that for corn but grain P removal was less for soybean than for corn. Crop P removal can significantly reduce soil P level with time. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Eghball, B (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. OI Shanahan, John/0000-0003-3173-4245 NR 20 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1233 EP 1239 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 726EL UT WOS:000185585500019 ER PT J AU Schomberg, HH Langdale, GW Franzluebbers, AJ Lamb, MC AF Schomberg, HH Langdale, GW Franzluebbers, AJ Lamb, MC TI Comparison of tillage types and frequencies for cotton on southern Piedmont soil SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SYSTEMS; STRENGTH; REQUIREMENTS; INFILTRATION; NITROGEN; YIELDS AB Tillage to disrupt root-restricting, consolidated soil zones can improve rooting capacity and crop production, but costs increase with the need for more powerful tractors. Between 1992 and 1996, agronomic and economic consequences of annual or less frequent soil disruption treatments were evaluated for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) on a Typic Kanhapludult. Two soil-disruptive treatments, fall paratillage (PT) and in-row chisel (IC) at planting (spring), were compared with two shallow-tillage treatments, coulter planting plus weed control with sweeps (ST) and conventional disk tillage (DT). The IC, PT, and ST treatments were applied annually or in Years 3, 4, and 5. Lint yield with annual IC was 15 to 20% greater than with DT each year. In 1994, yields ranged from 0.53 to 0.84 Mg ha(-1) with annual IC and were better than with annual ST or PT. In 1995, yields ranged from 0.92 to 1.29 Mg ha(-1), with the top yield associated with current-year IC application. In 1996, no differences in yield were observed among tillages; however, yields of two IC treatments were among the top five. For Years 3, 4, and 5, cotton yields were numerically greater with annual IC than with annual PT and ST. Yields with PT, ST, and DT were not different. Average annual net returns from annual IC were $450, $403, and $287 ha(-1) greater than those with annual DT, PT, and ST, respectively. In-row chisel appears to be a more economically viable production practice for heavy Piedmont soils compared with PT, ST, and DT. C1 USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resour Conserv Cent, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Schomberg, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resour Conserv Cent, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1281 EP 1287 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 726EL UT WOS:000185585500025 ER PT J AU Pettigrew, WT AF Pettigrew, WT TI Relationships between insufficient potassium and crop maturity in cotton SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; CULTIVARS; RETENTION; SOIL AB Potassium deficiency in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) depresses yield by decreasing late season growth and is reportedly more harmful to early maturing cotton genotypes. Research objectives were to determine if the accelerated maturity caused by K deficiency was partially caused by earlier flowering and to further evaluate whether early maturity cotton genotypes are more susceptible to low K levels. Field studies were conducted from 1995 to 1997 utilizing two okra-normal leaf-type near isoline pairs and two K fertilization rates (0 and 112 kg K ha(-1)). Okra leaf-type genotypes are earlier in maturity than their normal leaf-type counterparts. White bloom counts, dry matter partitioning, light interception, lint yield, yield components, and fiber quality data were collected. Genotypes responded similarly to K rates for all of the parameters evaluated. Early season flowering rates briefly increased 11% when plants were grown without supplemental K. Lateseason leaf area index (LAI) was 23% lower without supplemental K compared with plants fertilized with 112 kg K ha(-1) in 2 of the 3 yr. The increased LAI of the K-fertilized plants allowed them to intercept 6% more of the late season sunlight than the 0 kg K ha(-1) treatment. Potassium fertilization increased yield 9% in 2 out of 3 yr, but low K had only minor effects on fiber quality. Early maturing okra-leaf cotton genotypes are not more susceptible to low K rates because of their early maturity. The low K effect on crop maturity is due to a premature termination of reproductive growth and a brief enhancement of the early season flowering rate. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Pettigrew, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 345,141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 19 TC 40 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 95 IS 5 BP 1323 EP 1329 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 726EL UT WOS:000185585500030 ER PT J AU Elzen, PJ AF Elzen, PJ TI Alternative varroa control experiment SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Elzen, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 143 IS 9 BP 731 EP 731 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 719EZ UT WOS:000185191800022 ER PT J AU Parr, JF AF Parr, JF TI USDA research on organic farming: Better late than never SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Parr, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0889-1893 J9 AM J ALTERNATIVE AGR JI Am. J. Altern. Agric. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 IS 3 BP 171 EP 172 DI 10.1079/AJAA200346 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 729AM UT WOS:000185748600007 ER PT J AU Jacques, PF Moeller, SM Hankinson, SE Chylack, LT Rogers, G Tung, W Wolfe, JK Willett, WC Taylor, A AF Jacques, PF Moeller, SM Hankinson, SE Chylack, LT Rogers, G Tung, W Wolfe, JK Willett, WC Taylor, A TI Weight status, abdominal adiposity, diabetes, and early age-related lens opacities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE aging; adiposity; blood glucose; body weight; cataract; diabetes mellitus; epidemiology; eye; lens; survey; waist-to-hip ratio ID POSTERIOR SUBCAPSULAR CATARACTS; BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; BEAVER DAM EYE; RISK-FACTORS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; MASS INDEX; NUCLEAR; PROGRESSION; PREVALENCE; POPULATION AB Background: The association between weight status and the risk of lens opacities has received little attention. Objective: We examined the cross-sectional relations of body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)), waist circumference, and diabetes with the presence of age-related lens opacities. Design: Eye examinations were conducted in 466 Boston-area women aged 53-73 y who were without previously diagnosed cataracts and were part of the Nurses' Health Study cohort. Weight, height, waist, and hip measurements were obtained by self-report. Lens status was evaluated by using the Lens Opacification Classification System III (LOCS III). BMI and waist circumference were used as measures of overweight and abdominal adiposity, respectively. Nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular (PSC) opacities were defined as LOCS III scores greater than or equal to 2.5, greater than or equal to 1.0, and greater than or equal to 0.5, respectively. Diabetes was defined as a history of type 2 diabetes or as a fasting plasma glucose concentration greater than or equal to 7.0 mmol/L. Results: Women with diabetes were significantly more likely to have PSC opacities [odds ratio (OR): 4.1; 95% CI: 1.8, 9.4] than were women with fasting plasma glucose concentrations < 6.1 mmol/L. Women with a BMI greater than or equal to 30 had a higher prevalence of PSC opacities than did women with a BMI < 25 (OR: 2.5; 1.2, 5.2), and women with a waist circumference greater than or equal to 89 cm had a higher prevalence of PSC opacities than did those with a waist circumference < 80 cm (OR: 2.3; 1.0, 5.2). Diabetes and measures of adiposity were unrelated to the prevalence of cortical and nuclear opacities. Conclusions: Diabetes is a strong risk factor for PSC opacities, and overweight and abdominal adiposity may be risk factors for PSC opacities. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Ophthalm Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA40356]; NEI NIH HHS [EY09611, EY13250]; NIA NIH HHS [T32 AG00209] NR 36 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 78 IS 3 BP 400 EP 405 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 714GP UT WOS:000184904900008 PM 12936921 ER PT J AU Diaz, M Rosado, JL Allen, LH Abrams, S Garcia, OP AF Diaz, M Rosado, JL Allen, LH Abrams, S Garcia, OP TI The efficacy of a local ascorbic acid-rich food in improving iron absorption from Mexican diets: a field study using stable isotopes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE iron absorption; bioavailability; ascorbic acid; stable isotopes; Mexican diet ID BIOAVAILABILITY; WOMEN; INFANTS; STORES; SUPPLEMENTATION; PREGNANCY; CHILDREN AB Background: One potentially sustainable approach to improving iron status at the community level is to encourage the consumption of local ascorbic acid-rich foods, in conjunction with meals high in nonheme iron. Objective: The study, conducted in rural Mexico, measured stable isotopes of iron to evaluate the effect on iron absorption of the addition of 25 mg ascorbic acid as agua de limon (limeade) to 2 typical meals per day for 2 wk. Design: Fifteen nonpregnant, nonlactating, iron-deficient (ferritin < 12 mug/L) women ((x) over bar +/- SD age: 28.3 +/- 7.7 y) fasted overnight and were brought to a community clinic. After an initial blood sample, subjects consumed 0.25 mg Fe-57 with both breakfast and lunch for 14 d. On day 29, another blood sample was taken, and a reference dose of 2.7 mg Fe-58 with 25 mg ascorbic acid was given. For the following 15 d, participants consumed 0.25 mg Fe-57 added to both breakfast and lunch with 25 mg ascorbic acid added to each meal as limeade. A final blood sample was taken on day 59. Results: Iron absorption was calculated from recovery of isotopes in blood obtained 14 d after administration of each isotope. When 25 mg ascorbic acid as limeade was added to test meals twice a day for 2 wk, iron absorption increased significantly (P < 0.001) in every subject: the mean absorption rose from 6.6 +/- 3.0% to 22.9 +/- 12.6%. Conclusions: The consumption of 25 mg ascorbic acid as limeade twice daily with meals substantially improved iron absorption and may improve the iron status of nonpregnant, nonlactating, iron-deficient women. C1 Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Fac Ciencias Nat, Queretaro 76176, Queretaro, Mexico. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. RP Rosado, JL (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Fac Ciencias Nat, Clavel 200,Prados Capilla, Queretaro 76176, Queretaro, Mexico. RI Diaz Martinez, Margarita/M-7309-2013; OI Diaz Martinez, Margarita/0000-0003-2419-6821; Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 31 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 78 IS 3 BP 436 EP 440 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 714GP UT WOS:000184904900013 PM 12936926 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Moreno, C Cano, MP de Ancos, B Plaza, L Olmedilla, B Granado, F Martin, A AF Sanchez-Moreno, C Cano, MP de Ancos, B Plaza, L Olmedilla, B Granado, F Martin, A TI Effect of orange juice intake on vitamin C concentrations and biomarkers of antioxidant status in humans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the Phystochemical-Society-of-Europe CY APR, 2002 CL SALAMANCA, SPAIN SP Pystochem Soc Europe DE orange juice; vitamin C; bioavailability; F-2-isoprostanes; uric acid; food-frequency questionnaire; smoking ID SERUM URIC-ACID; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CHRONIC HEART-FAILURE; STRESS IN-VIVO; ASCORBIC-ACID; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; OXIDANT STRESS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE AB Background: Consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with improved health and a decreased prevalence of chronic degenerative processes. Objectives: The objectives were to assess the bioavailability of vitamin C from orange juice and its influence on plasma vitamin C and 8-epi-prostaglandin F-2alpha (8-epi-PGF(2alpha)) concentrations in a healthy human population. Design: Six men and 6 women consumed 500 mL commercial fresh-squeezed orange juice/d for 14 d, corresponding to an intake of 250 mg ascorbic acid/d. On the first day of the study, the subjects drank the juice in one dose (dose-response study), and on days 2-14 they consumed 250 mL in the morning and 250 mL in the afternoon. Blood was collected every hour for 6 h on the first day and again on days 7 and 14. Results: Baseline plasma vitamin C concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.03) among the women than among the men (56.4 +/- 4.4 compared with 44.3 +/- 3.5 mumol/L). In the dose-response study, the maximum increase in plasma vitamin C occurred 3 h postdose in both the men and the women. Vitamin C concentrations remained significantly higher on days 7 and 14 than at baseline. Baseline concentrations of 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) were significantly higher (P = 0.03) among the men than among the women (249.6 +/- 25.4 compared with 177.7 +/- 6.2 pg/mL) but decreased significantly (P = 0.04) by day 14,of the intervention. A significant inverse correlation was observed between vitamin C and 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) (r = -0.791, P = 0.0022). Among smokers, baseline vitamin C was lower and 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) higher than among nonsmokers. Conclusions: Drinking orange juice (500 mL/d) increases plasma concentrations of vitamin C and reduces concentrations of 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) in humans. These effects were significantly more pronounced in smokers. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer NHRC Aging, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. CSIC, Inst Frio, Dept Plant Foods Sci & Technol, Madrid, Spain. Clin Puerta Hierro, Sect Nutr, Unit Vitamins, Madrid, Spain. RP Martin, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer NHRC Aging, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, 711 Washington St,7th Floor, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Olmedilla-Alonso (OR Olmedilla), Begona/D-1337-2012; Granado, Fernando/D-1048-2011; De Ancos, Begona/H-5744-2012; Sanchez-Moreno, Concepcion/N-6798-2013 OI Olmedilla-Alonso (OR Olmedilla), Begona/0000-0002-4913-5171; Granado, Fernando/0000-0002-5561-7564; De Ancos, Begona/0000-0002-8890-7525; Sanchez-Moreno, Concepcion/0000-0002-2341-9328 NR 61 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 78 IS 3 BP 454 EP 460 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 714GP UT WOS:000184904900016 PM 12936929 ER PT J AU Burrin, DG Stoll, B Chang, XY van Goudoever, JB Fujii, H Hutson, SM Reeds, PJ AF Burrin, DG Stoll, B Chang, XY van Goudoever, JB Fujii, H Hutson, SM Reeds, PJ TI Parenteral nutrition results in impaired lactose digestion and hexose absorption when enteral feeding is initiated in infant pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE total parenteral nutrition; preterm infants; amino acids; glucose; galactose ID AMINO-ACID-METABOLISM; DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS; INTESTINAL-MUCOSA; PRETERM INFANTS; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; GLUCOSE-ABSORPTION; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; NEONATAL PIGLETS; RAT INTESTINE; WHOLE-BODY AB Background: Preterm infants often receive total parenteral nutrition (TPN)before enteral feeding. Although TPN has been linked to mucosal atrophy, its effects on intestinal digestion, absorption, and metabolism are unknown. Objective: Our aim was to determine the effects of TPN on rates of intestinal nutrient absorption and metabolism in infant pigs after initiation of enteral feeding. Design: Piglets were surgically implanted with catheters in the carotid artery, jugular vein, portal vein, and duodenum; an ultrasonic blood flow probe was inserted in the portal vein. Piglets were given TPN (TPN group) or enterally fed formula (enteral group) for 6 d. On day 7, both groups were enterally fed a milk-based formula, and-the net portal absorption and metabolism of enteral [H-2]glucose and [C-13]leucine were measured. Results: After enteral feeding began, portal blood flow increased by 27% and 41% above the basal rate in the enteral and TPN groups, respectively; oxygen consumption remained lower in the TPN group. During enteral feeding, the net portal absorption of glucose was lower in the TPN group and that of galactose was not significantly different between the groups; lactate release was higher in the TPN group. Portal absorption accounted for only approximate to37% of galactose intake in both groups. The TPN group had lower net portal absorption of arginine, lysine, threonine, and glycine. The portal absorption of dietary leucine was not significantly different between the groups; the arterial utilization and oxidation of leucine were significantly lower in the TPN group. Conclusion: Short-term TPN results in decreased lactose digestion and hexose absorption and increased intestinal utilization of key essential amino acids when enteral feeding is initiated in piglets. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD33920]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK34738] NR 42 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 78 IS 3 BP 461 EP 470 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 714GP UT WOS:000184904900017 PM 12936930 ER PT J AU Wood, RJ Martini, L AF Wood, RJ Martini, L TI Reply to RP Heaney SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter C1 Tufts Univ, Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Publ Hlth, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Wood, RJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Martini, Ligia/C-7279-2012 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 78 IS 3 BP 493 EP 495 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 714GP UT WOS:000184904900022 ER PT J AU Prior, RL AF Prior, RL TI Fruits and vegetables in the prevention of cellular oxidative damage SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Congress on Vegetarian Nutrition CY APR 08-11, 2002 CL LOMA LINDA, CALIFORNIA SP Loma Linda Univ DE anthocyanin; quercetin; flavonols; flavonoids; antioxidant; cyanidin ID POTENTIALLY ANTICARCINOGENIC FLAVONOIDS; DIETARY CYANIDIN 3-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE; VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS ANTHOCYANOSIDES; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; RED WINE; ELDERLY WOMEN; HUMAN PLASMA; IN-VIVO; QUERCETIN 4'-BETA-GLUCOSIDE AB Numerous studies have demonstrated in vitro effects of flavonoid components from fruits and vegetables on various measures of oxidative cellular damage. However, the questions that have not been answered satisfactorily deal with the absorption/metabolism of antioxidant components in fruits and vegetables and whether they are absorbed in sufficient quantities and in a form in which effects on in vivo measures of oxidative cellular damage could be observed. The focus of this review is on clinical studies that provide information about possible in vivo changes in antioxidant status with fruit and vegetable consumption. Two classes of flavonoids as antioxidants are considered in detail (anthocyanins and flavonols). Absorption of anthocyanins appears to be much less than that of the flavonol quercetin, perhaps as little as one tenth. Relatively high dietary levels of anthocyanins appear to be necessary to observe antioxidant effects in vivo. Metabolism of cyanidin 3-glucoside and quercetin by methylation or conjugation with glucuronide or sulfate will decrease antioxidant activity. However, quercetin metabolites seem to maintain at least part of their antioxidant activity in vivo. A potential role for food flavonoids and polyphenolics as antioxidants is discussed. C1 USDA, ARS, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 1120 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. NR 65 TC 140 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 78 IS 3 SU S BP 570S EP 578S PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 715RF UT WOS:000184985500013 PM 12936951 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR AF Hunt, JR TI Bioavailability of iron, zinc, and other trace minerals from vegetarian diets SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Congress on Vegetarian Nutrition CY APR 08-11, 2002 CL LOMA LINDA, CALIFORNIA SP Loma Linda Univ DE iron; zinc; copper; vegetarian; bioavailability; trace elements; minerals ID CONSUMING CONTROLLED LACTOOVOVEGETARIAN; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; NONHEME-IRON; HEMOCHROMATOSIS GENE; SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; MATCHED OMNIVORES; ASCORBIC-ACID; 8 WK; ABSORPTION AB Iron and zinc are currently the trace minerals of greatest concern when considering the nutritional value of vegetarian diets. With elimination of meat and increased intake of phytate-containing legumes and whole grains, the absorption of both iron and zinc is lower with vegetarian than with nonvegetarian, diets. The health consequences of lower iron and zinc bioavailability are not clear, especially in industrialized countries with abundant, varied food supplies, where nutrition and health research has generally supported recommendations to reduce meat and increase legume and whole-grain consumption. Although it is clear that vegetarians have lower iron stores, adverse health effects from lower iron and zinc absorption have not been demonstrated with varied vegetarian diets in developed countries, and moderately lower iron stores have even been hypothesized to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Premenopausal women cannot easily achieve recommended iron intakes, as modified for vegetarians, with foods alone; however, the benefit of routine iron supplementation has not been demonstrated. It may be prudent to monitor the hemoglobin of vegetarian children and women of childbearing age. Improved assessment methods are required to determine whether vegetarians are at risk of zinc deficiency. In contrast with iron and zinc, elements such as copper appear to be adequately provided by vegetarian diets. Although the iron and zinc deficiencies commonly associated with plant-based diets in impoverished nations are not associated with vegetarian diets in wealthier countries, these nutrients warrant attention as nutritional assessment methods become more sensitive and plant-based diets receive greater emphasis. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Univ Stn, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Univ Stn, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 80 TC 116 Z9 121 U1 10 U2 53 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 78 IS 3 SU S BP 633S EP 639S PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 715RF UT WOS:000184985500020 PM 12936958 ER PT J AU Summers, RW Elliott, DE Qadir, K Urban, JF Thompson, R Weinstock, JV AF Summers, RW Elliott, DE Qadir, K Urban, JF Thompson, R Weinstock, JV TI Trichuris suis seems to be safe and possibly effective in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Gastroenterological-Association/Digestive Disease Week CY MAY 16-19, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Gastroenterol Assoc ID CROHNS-DISEASE; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INFECTIONS; PARASITES; TRICHIURA; PROFILES; INDEX AB OBJECTIVES: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially Crohn's disease (CD), probably results from failure to downregulate a chronic Th1 intestinal inflammatory process. Induction of a Th2 immune response by intestinal helminths diminishes Th1 responsiveness. This study evaluates the safety and effectiveness of helminthic ova in the treatment of active IBD. METHODS: We studied four patients with active CD and three with ulcerative colitis (UC). In an initial treatment and observation period, a single dose of 2500 live Trichuris suis eggs was given orally, and patients were followed every 2 wk for 12 wk. Baseline medications were continued at the same dose throughout the study. Safety was monitored by following the patients' clinical status and laboratory studies at regular intervals. Patients also were monitored regularly using the Crohn's Disease Activity Index, Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI), and the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Quality of Life Index (IBDQ). To assess safety and efficacy with repetitive doses, two patients with CD and two with UC were given 2500 ova at 3-wk intervals as maintenance treatment using the same evaluation parameters. RESULTS: During the treatment and observation period, all patients improved clinically without any adverse clinical events or laboratory abnormalities. Three of the four patients with CD entered remission according to the Crohn's Disease Activity Index; the fourth patient experienced a clinical response (reduction of 151) but did not achieve remission. Patients with UC experienced a reduction of the Clinical Colitis Activity Index to 57% of baseline. According to the IBD Quality of Life Index, six of seven patients (86%) achieved remission. The benefit derived from the initial dose was temporary. In the maintenance period, multiple doses again caused no adverse effects and sustained clinical improvement in all patients treated every 3 wk for >28 wk. CONCLUSIONS: This open trial demonstrates that it is safe to administer eggs from the porcine whipworm, Trichuris suis, to patients with CD and UC. It also demonstrates improvement in the common clinical indices used to describe disease activity. The benefit was temporary in some patients with a single dose, but it could be prolonged with maintenance therapy every 3 wk. The study suggests that it is possible to downregulate aberrant intestinal inflammation in humans with helminths. (C) 2003 by Am. Coll. of Gastroenterology. C1 Univ Iowa Hlth Care, Dept Internal Med, James A Clifton Ctr Digest Dis, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Summers, RW (reprint author), Univ Iowa Hlth Care, Dept Internal Med, James A Clifton Ctr Digest Dis, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIADDK NIH HHS [AM38327]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK02428, DK25295] NR 23 TC 239 Z9 253 U1 4 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9270 J9 AM J GASTROENTEROL JI Am. J. Gastroenterol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 98 IS 9 BP 2034 EP 2041 DI 10.1016/S0002-9270(03)00623-3 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 726CR UT WOS:000185581000022 PM 14499784 ER PT J AU Kimball, SR Orellana, RA O'Connor, PMJ Suryawan, A Bush, JA Nguyen, HV Thivierge, MC Jefferson, LS Davis, TA AF Kimball, SR Orellana, RA O'Connor, PMJ Suryawan, A Bush, JA Nguyen, HV Thivierge, MC Jefferson, LS Davis, TA TI Endotoxin induces differential regulation of mTOR-dependent signaling in skeletal muscle and liver of neonatal pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE eukaryotic initiation factor 2B; eukaryotic initiation factor 4G; eukaryotic initiation factor 4E; lipopolysaccharide ID MESSENGER-RNA TRANSLATION; CAP-BINDING-PROTEIN; MAMMALIAN TARGET; S6 KINASE; RIBOSOMAL-PROTEINS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; L6 MYOBLASTS; AMINO-ACIDS; RAT-LIVER; IN-VITRO AB In the present study, differential responses of regulatory proteins involved in translation initiation in skeletal muscle and liver during sepsis were studied in neonatal pigs treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS did not alter eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)2B activity in either tissue. In contrast, binding of eIF4G to eIF4E to form the active mRNA-binding complex was repressed in muscle and enhanced in liver. Phosphorylation of eIF4E-binding protein, 4E-BP1, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase, S6K1, was reduced in muscle during sepsis but increased in liver. Finally, changes in 4E-BP1 and S6K1 phosphorylation were associated with altered phosphorylation of the protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Overall, the results suggest that translation initiation in both skeletal muscle and liver is altered during neonatal sepsis by modulation of the mRNA-binding step through changes in mTOR activation. Moreover, the LPS-induced changes in factors that regulate translation initiation are more profound than previously reported changes in global rates of protein synthesis in the neonate. This finding suggests that the initiator methionyl-tRNA- rather than the mRNA-binding step in translation initiation may play a more critical role in maintaining protein synthesis rates in the neonate during sepsis. C1 Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Kimball, SR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, H166,500 Univ Dr, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. EM skimball@psu.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474, R01 AR-44474]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-13499, DK-15658] NR 50 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 EI 1522-1555 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 285 IS 3 BP E637 EP E644 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00340.2002 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 708CK UT WOS:000184549400025 PM 12773308 ER PT J AU Sabatier, M Pont, F Arnaud, MJ Turnlund, JR AF Sabatier, M Pont, F Arnaud, MJ Turnlund, JR TI A compartmental model of magnesium metabolism in healthy men based on two stable isotope tracers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals CY JUN 02-06, 2002 CL BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA DE magnesium absorption; magnesium fecal endogenous excretion; inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry ID ZINC-METABOLISM; MOLYBDENUM METABOLISM; CALCIUM KINETICS; ADULT MEN; HUMANS; ABSORPTION; COPPER; DEFICIENCY; WOMEN; SELENIUM AB The aim of this study was to build a compartmental model of magnesium (Mg) kinetics by using data collected from six healthy adult men after oral administration of Mg-26 and intravenous administration of Mg-25. Blood, urine, and feces were collected for 12 days after administration of the isotopes. Isotopic ratios were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed for each subject using SAAMII. We began with a compartmental model previously proposed (Avioli LV and Berman M. J Appl Physiol 21: 1688-1694, 1966) and developed an alternative approach to resolve the discrepancy between model-predicted curves and experimental data. This analysis enables the exploration of 25% of total body Mg that exchanges rapidly from plasma compartment with two extraplasma pools. One of the extraplasma compartments contains 80% of the exchangeable Mg with a transport rate of 48 +/- 13 mg/h. The second exchanges 179 +/- 88 mg of Mg/h. The model permitted estimation of kinetic parameters as well as fractional Mg absorption and fecal endogenous excretion. C1 Nestle Water Inst, F-88804 Vittel, France. INSERM, Mass Spectrometry Unit, F-31024 Toulouse, France. Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Arnaud, MJ (reprint author), Nestle Water Inst, BP 101, F-88804 Vittel, France. RI PONT, Frederic/G-6289-2011 OI PONT, Frederic/0000-0002-5493-527X FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-12609] NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 285 IS 3 BP R656 EP R663 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00749.2002 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 710KV UT WOS:000184680100023 PM 12775558 ER PT J AU Novy, RG Corsini, DL Love, SL Pavek, JJ Mosley, AR James, SR Hane, DC Shock, CC Rykbost, KA Brown, CR Thornton, RE AF Novy, RG Corsini, DL Love, SL Pavek, JJ Mosley, AR James, SR Hane, DC Shock, CC Rykbost, KA Brown, CR Thornton, RE TI Alturas: A multi-purpose, russet potato cultivar with high yield and tuber specific gravity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; variety; release; breeding ID GOOD PROCESSING QUALITY; RESISTANCE; GERMPLASM; VARIETY AB 'Alturas', a late-maturing, high-yielding, russet potato cultivar with high tuber specific gravity, was released in 2002 by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho; Oregon, and Washington. Originally selected for dehydration processing, its cold-sweetening resistance also makes it suitable for processing out of storage into french fries and other frozen potato products. Culinary quality is high, with larger tubers suitable for fresh market if heavily russeted skin is not essential. Alturas consistently produced greater total and U.S. No. 1 yields than 'Russet Burbank' and 'Ranger Russet' in southern Idaho trials. Across other western trial sites, total yields of Alturas have on average been 29% and 14% greater than Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet, respectively. Alturas is resistant to Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae) and early blight (Alternaria solani). Compared with Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet, Alturas is less susceptible to corky ringspot and foliar and tuber infection by late blight (Phytophthora infestans). It also is less susceptible to tuber net necrosis and Fusarium dry rot than Russet Burbank, and is more resistant to common scab (Streptomyces scabies) than Ranger Russet. However, Alturas is more susceptible to infection by PVY and PVX than Ranger Russet. Total nitrogen application recommendations for Alturas are approximately 40% less than those for Russet Burbank. Alturas requires 15% to 20% more water during the growing season than does Russet Burbank. C1 ARS, USDA, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Idaho, Aberdeen R&D Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Cent Oregon Expt Stn, Redmond, OR 97756 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. Oregon State Univ, Klamath Expt Stn, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Novy, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 8 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 80 IS 5 BP 295 EP 301 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 737EG UT WOS:000186216500001 ER PT J AU Suttle, JC AF Suttle, JC TI Auxin-induced sprout growth inhibition: Role of endogenous ethylene SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alpha-naphthalene acetic acid; postharvest; potato; Solanum tuberosum L.; tuber ID POTATO-TUBER DISKS; ABSCISIC-ACID; RESPONSES; DORMANCY; BIOSYNTHESIS; INVOLVEMENT; LEVEL AB The role of endogenous ethylene in auxin-mediated tuber sprout growth inhibition was determined in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank) minitubers. Treatment of tubers with biologically active auxins resulted in a transient, dose-dependent increase in ethylene production and inhibition of sprout growth. Biologically inactive auxin analogs elicited neither response. Continuous exposure to > 0.001 muL L-1 exogenous ethylene inhibited sprout growth in a dose-dependent manner with complete inhibition occurring at ethylene concentrations greater than or equal to1 muL L-1. In further studies with the active auxin a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), the role of ethylene in auxin-induced sprout growth inhibition was determined using ethylene biosynthesis and action inhibitors. The ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine reduced NAA-induced ethylene biosynthesis by over 80% but had no effect on sprout growth inhibition. The non-competitive ethylene 'action inhibitor silver thiosulfate had no effect on NAA-induced sprout growth inhibition. Similarly, both the competitive ethylene action inhibitor 2,5-norbornadiene and the irreversible action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene were ineffective in reducing NAA-mediated sprout growth inhibition. Collectively, these results do not support the proposal that, in the case of potato tuber sprouts, auxin-induced growth inhibition is mediated by endogenous ethylene action. C1 ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Suttle, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 80 IS 5 BP 303 EP 309 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 737EG UT WOS:000186216500003 ER PT J AU Weathersbee, AA Bullock, RC Panchal, TD Dang, PM AF Weathersbee, AA Bullock, RC Panchal, TD Dang, PM TI Differentiation of Diaprepes abbreviatus and Pachnaeus litus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) egg masses: PCR-Restriction fragment-length polymorphism and species-specific PCR amplification of 18S rDNA products SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Diaprepes abbreviatus; Pachnaeus litus; 18S rDNA; genotyping; molecular detection ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CITRUS ROOT WEEVILS; SEQUENCE; BEETLES AB The root weevils Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) and Pachnaeus litus (Germar) are both pests of Florida horticulture, but D. abbreviatus is a regulated exotic species that causes severe damage whereas P. litus is considered a minor pest. Egg masses of these two weevil species are indistinguishable when they are detected on host plants. Two approaches to differentiating the egg masses are described herein. Total genomic DNAs extracted from D. abbreviatus and P. litus were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and the PCR products were sequenced to obtain the 2014-bp sequence of the complete 18S rRNA gene for each species. A 446-bp region amplified from the 5' end of the 18S rDNA of P. litus contained a restriction fragment-length polymorphism marker, an extra BstU I recognition site that was not present in D. abbreviatus. Agarose gel electrophoresis of the restriction enzyme-digested PCR products produced a restriction pattern that enabled differentiation of the egg masses. Additionally, two species-specific reverse primers were designed to exploit a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that occurred at the restriction fragment-length polymorphism marker site. These reverse primers differed only by a single nucleotide at the 3' end. When used in concert with a standard 18S rDNA forward primer, each species-specific reverse primer distinctly amplified a 256-bp product only when the correct genomic DNA was present. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Weathersbee, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 96 IS 5 BP 637 EP 642 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2003)096[0637:DODAAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 726CG UT WOS:000185580100005 ER PT J AU Boyd, DW AF Boyd, DW TI Digestive enzymes and stylet morphology of Deraeocoris nigritulus (Uhler) (Hemiptera : Miridae) reflect adaptations for predatory habits SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Deraeocoris nigritulus; digestive enzymes; Miridae; predator; stylet morphology ID CREONTIADES-DILUTUS HEMIPTERA; LYGUS-HESPERUS; FEEDING ADAPTATIONS; ALPHA-AMYLASE; L-LINEOLARIS; SALIVARY; HETEROPTERAN; PROTEASES; DAMAGE AB Deraeocoris nigritulus (Uhler) is often collected from the cones of Virginia Pine, Pinus virginiana. Most species of Deraeocoris are predacious, but whether this plant bug is phytophagous or predacious is not known. To better understand the feeding adaptations of this mirid, the digestive enzymes from the salivary glands and anterior midgut were analyzed, and the mouthpart stylets were investigated with scanning electron microscopy. Evidence of a trypsin-like enzyme, a chyinotrypsin-like enzyme, and pectinase were found in the salivary glands. Low levels of trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like, elastase-like, pectinase, and alpha-amylase activities, as well as high levels of alpha-glucosidase activity, were found in the anterior midgut. The right maxillary stylet has two rows of at least seven strongly recurved teeth in front of at least three weakly recurved teeth on the inner surface, all pointing away from the head. Therefore, this insect is equipped with digestive enzymes and mouthparts mainly adapted for zoophagy. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Boyd, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 29 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 96 IS 5 BP 667 EP 671 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2003)096[0667:DEASMO]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 726CG UT WOS:000185580100009 ER PT J AU Pinto, MA Johnston, JS Rubink, WL Coulson, RN Patton, JC Sheppard, WS AF Pinto, MA Johnston, JS Rubink, WL Coulson, RN Patton, JC Sheppard, WS TI Identification of Africanized honey bee (Hymenoptera : Apidae) mitochondrial DNA: Validation of a rapid polymerase chain reaction-based assay SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Africanized honey bee; A. m. scutellata; mitochondrial DNA; mtDNA haplotype; mitotype ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; UNITED-STATES; YUCATAN PENINSULA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; HYBRIDIZATION; ORIGIN; DIFFERENTIATION; MICROSATELLITE; MORPHOMETRICS AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) assays have been used in studies of the Africanization process in neotropical feral and managed honey bee populations. The approach has been adopted, in conjunction with morphometric analysis, to identify Africanized bees for regulatory purposes in the United States such as in California. In this study, 211 Old World colonies, representing all known introduced subspecies in the United States, and 451 colonies from non-Africanized areas of the southern United States were screened to validate a rapid PCR-based assay for identification of Africanized honey bee mtDNA. This PCR-based assay requires a single enzyme digestion (BglII) of a single PCR-amplified segment of the cytochrome b gene. The BglII polymorphism discriminates the mitochondrial haplotype (mitotype) of Apis mellifera scutellata L. (ancestor of Africanized bees) from that of A. m. mellifera, A. m. caucasia, A. m. ligustica, A. m. carnica, A. m. lamarcki, A. m. cypria, A. m. syriaca, and some A. m. iberiensis, but not from that of A. m. intermissa and some A. m. iberiensis. Nonetheless, given the very low frequency (< 1%) of African non-A. m. scutellata mitotype present before arrival of Africanized bees in the United States, cytochrome b/BglII assay can be used to identify maternally Africanized bees with a high degree of reliability. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Inst Politecn Braganca, Escola Super Agr, Dept Florestal, P-5301854 Braga, Portugal. USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, Knowledge Engn Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Pinto, MA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. OI Pinto, Maria Alice/0000-0001-9663-8399 NR 41 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 14 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 96 IS 5 BP 679 EP 684 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2003)096[0679:IOAHBH]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 726CG UT WOS:000185580100011 ER PT J AU Collins, AM AF Collins, AM TI A scientific note on the effect of centrifugation on pooled honey bee semen SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE pooled semen; centrifugation; honey bee spermatozoa; fluorescent stain; viability ID SPERMATOZOA C1 ARS, Bee Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Collins, AM (reprint author), ARS, Bee Res Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 476 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 34 IS 5 BP 469 EP 470 DI 10.1051/apido:2003030 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 730CN UT WOS:000185811800006 ER PT J AU Ibekwe, AM Grieve, CM Lyon, SR AF Ibekwe, AM Grieve, CM Lyon, SR TI Characterization of microbial communities and composition in constructed dairy wetland wastewater effluent SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; AMMONIA-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PCR; POPULATIONS; SOIL; FRAGMENTS; SAMPLES; AMOA AB Constructed wetlands have been recognized as a removal treatment option for high concentrations of contaminants in agricultural waste before land application. The goal of this study was to characterize microbial composition in two constructed wetlands designed to remove contaminants from dairy washwater. Water samples were collected weekly for 11 months from two wetlands to determine the efficiency of the treatment system in removal of chemical contaminants and total and fecal coliforms. The reduction by the treatment was greatest for biological oxygen demand, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, nitrate, and coliforms. There was only moderate removal of total nitrogen and phosphorus. Changes in the total bacterial community and ammonia-oxidizing bacterial composition were examined by using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing of PCR-amplified fragments of the gene carrying the alpha subunit of the ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) recovered from soil samples and DGGE bands. DGGE analysis of wetlands and manure samples revealed that the total bacterial community composition was dominated by bacteria from phylogenetic clusters related to Bacillus, Clostridium, Mycoplasma, Eubacterium, and Proteobacteria originally retrieved from the gastrointestinal tracts of mammals. The population of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria showed a higher percentage of Nitrosospira-like sequences from the wetland samples, while a higher percentage of Nitrosomonas-like sequences from manure, feces, raw washwater, and facultative pond was found. These results show that the wetland system is a natural process dependent upon the development of healthy microbial communities for optimal wastewater treatment. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Orange Cty Water Dist, Fountain Valley, CA 92728 USA. RP Ibekwe, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 23 TC 107 Z9 119 U1 4 U2 53 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 69 IS 9 BP 5060 EP 5069 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.9.5060-5069.2003 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 723MW UT WOS:000185437000004 PM 12957887 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Marks, HM Mohr, T AF Juneja, VK Marks, HM Mohr, T TI Predictive thermal inactivation model for effects of temperature, sodium lactate, NaCl, and sodium pyrophosphate on Salmonella serotypes in ground beef SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; UNITED-STATES; ENTERITIDIS; RESISTANCE; CHICKEN AB Analyses of survival data of a mixture of Salmonella spp. at fixed temperatures between 55degreesC (131degreesF) and 71.1degreesC (160degreesF) in ground beef matrices containing concentrations of salt between 0 and 4.5%, concentrations of sodium pyrophosphate (SPP) between 0 and 0.5%, and concentrations of sodium lactate (NaL) between 0 and 4.5% indicated that heat resistance of Salmonella increases with increasing levels of SPP and salt, except that, for salt, for larger lethalities close to 6.5, the effect of salt was evident only at low temperatures (<64degreesC). NaL did not seem to affect the heat resistance of Salmonella as much as the effects induced by the other variables studied. An omnibus model for predicting the lethality for given times and temperatures for ground beef matrices within the range studied was developed that reflects the convex survival curves that were observed. However, the standard errors of the predicted lethalities from this models are large, so consequently, a model, specific for predicting the times needed to obtained a lethality of 6.5 log(10), was developed, using estimated results of times derived from the individual survival curves. For the latter model, the coefficient of variation (CV) of predicted times range from about 6 to 25%. For example, at 60degreesC, when increasing the concentration of salt from 0 to 4.5%, and assuming that the concentration of SPP is 0%, the time to reach a 6.5-log(10) relative reduction is predicted to increase from 20 min (CV = 11%) to 48 min (CV = 15%), a 2.4 factor (CV = 19%). At 71.1degreesC (160degreesF) the model predicts that more than 0.5 min is needed to achieve a 6.5-log(10) relative reduction. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA, Food Safety Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Food Safety Inspect Serv, Tech Serv Ctr, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 69 IS 9 BP 5138 EP 5156 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.9.5138-5156.2003 PG 19 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 723MW UT WOS:000185437000013 PM 12957896 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK Nanayakkara, NPD Tucker, CS Rimando, AM Ganzera, M Schaneberg, BT AF Schrader, KK Nanayakkara, NPD Tucker, CS Rimando, AM Ganzera, M Schaneberg, BT TI Novel derivatives of 9,10-anthraquinone are selective algicides against the musty-odor cyanobacterium Oscillatoria perornata SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATFISH ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; CHANNEL CATFISH; OFF-FLAVOR; AQUACULTURE PONDS; COPPER-SULFATE; CF. CHALYBEA; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; GEOSMIN; WATER; TOXICITY AB Musty "off-flavor" in pond-cultured channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) costs the catfish production industry in the United States at least $30 million annually. The cyanobacterium Oscillatoria perornata (Skuja) is credited with being the major cause of musty off-flavor in farm-raised catfish in Mississippi. The herbicides diuron and copper sulfate, currently used by catfish producers as algicides to help mitigate musty off-flavor problems, have several drawbacks, including broad-spectrum toxicity towards the entire phytoplankton community that can lead to water quality deterioration and subsequent fish death. By use of microtiter plate bioassays, a novel group of compounds derived from the natural compound 9,10-anthraquinone have been found to be much more selectively toxic towards O. perornata than diuron and copper sulfate. In efficacy studies using limnocorrals placed in catfish production ponds, application rates of 0.3 muM (125 mug/liter) of the most promising anthraquinone derivative, 2-[methylamino-N-(1'-methylethyl)]-9,10-anthraquinone monophosphate (anthraquinone-59), dramatically reduced the abundance of O. perornata and levels of 2-methylisoborneol, the musty compound produced by O. perornata. The abundance of green algae and diatoms increased dramatically 2 days after application of a 0.3 muM concentration of anthraquinone-59 to pond water within the limnocorrals. The half-life of anthraquinone-59 in pond water was determined to be 19 h, making it much less persistent than diuron. Anthraquinone-59 appears to be promising for use as a selective algicide in catfish aquaculture. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Innsbruck, Dept Pharm, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kschrader@ars.usda.gov OI Ganzera, Markus/0000-0002-7407-9060 NR 37 TC 70 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 69 IS 9 BP 5319 EP 5327 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.9.5319-5327.2003 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 723MW UT WOS:000185437000036 PM 12957919 ER PT J AU Peterson, DL Whiting, MD Wolford, SD AF Peterson, DL Whiting, MD Wolford, SD TI Fresh-market quality tree fruit harvester - Part I: Sweet cherry SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE mechanical harvest; cherry; quality AB A two-unit mechanical harvester was developed to harvest fresh-market quality sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.). Units were essentially mirror images. On each unit the harvester operator used joysticks to position and engage a rapid displacement actuator (RDA) on main scaffolds to effect fruit removal. Catching conveyors were designed to intercept falling fruit without damage and elevate the fruit to a collecting conveyor Cushioned catcher pans on each unit were used to seal around the trunk and connect the two units. Main scaffolds were inclined to reduce damage as cherries fell to the catching surface. Ethrel (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) was used to reduce the fruit retention force of mature cherries to enable removal without stems or damage. The experimental harvester demonstrated potential for harvesting stemless sweet cherries with fresh-market fruit quality comparable to commercial hand-picked cherries. The catching/collecting system was effective with low damage inflicted to the cherries. About 90% of the cherries were remove from the tree and of those removed, 88% were collected and containerized. These levels are expected to increase with proper tree training and appropriate sized catching surfaces. Harvest rate down-the-row ranged from 85 to 158 trees/h with harvester capacity up to 1590 kg/h (3500 lb/h). C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA USA. RP Peterson, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 11 TC 28 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 19 IS 5 BP 539 EP 543 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 738WY UT WOS:000186311900004 ER PT J AU Peterson, DL Wolford, SD AF Peterson, DL Wolford, SD TI Fresh-market quality tree fruit harvester - Part II: Apples SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE mechanical harvest; apple; trellis; quality ID MECHANICAL HARVESTER; SYSTEMS; YIELD AB A two-sided mechanical harvester was developed to remove apples grown on narrow-inclined trellises. Units were essentially mirror images. On each unit the harvester operator used joysticks to position and engage a rapid displacement actuator (RDA) on main scaffolds to effect fruit removal. Catching conveyors were designed to intercept falling fruit without damage and elevate the fruit to a collecting conveyor Cushioned catcherpans on each unit were used to seal around the trunk and connect the two units. Fruit removal was 95% or better and 86 to 95% of all the fruit on the trees were recovered. Tests on eight cultivars of apples yielded 59 to 84% Extra Fancy packout. Cuts and punctures were the biggest factor preventing the harvester from harvesting a higher level of fresh-market quality fruit. Stempulls with this harvesting technique ranged from 20 to 57%, depending on cultivar, and may create a decay problem. Cultivar growth habit varied greatly in their adaptability to this harvesting concept. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Peterson, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 19 IS 5 BP 545 EP 548 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 738WY UT WOS:000186311900005 ER PT J AU Fox, RD Derksen, RC Cooper, JA Krause, CR Ozkan, HE AF Fox, RD Derksen, RC Cooper, JA Krause, CR Ozkan, HE TI Visual and image system measurement of spray deposits using water-sensitive paper SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE water sensitive paper; spot size; image analysis; spray coverage ID CARDS AB Water-sensitive papers (WSP) were attached to leaves in nursery trees and sprayed with air-blast sprayers. Deposit patterns on the WSP were rated visually for coverage, from 0 (no spots) to 10 (completely blue). Visual counts of spot density (spots/cm(2)) were made for cards representing coverage ratings from 1 to 6. WSPs were analyzed with an imaging system; several spot size parameters, number of spots, and area coverage percentage were measured. Visual ratings of 6, 7, and 8 had considerable variability in area coverage percentage. Sample WSPs with visual coverage ratings of 3, 5, 6, and 8 and minimum, median, and maximum coverage percentages are presented. Visually measured spot density was greater than image-system measured spot density for all rating numbers, especially for higher spot densities. Spot density began to decrease at visual rating numbers greater than 7. C1 USDA ARS, ATRU, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. OARDC, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH USA. OSU, FABE Dept, Columbus, OH USA. RP Fox, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, ATRU, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 11 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 19 IS 5 BP 549 EP 552 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 738WY UT WOS:000186311900006 ER PT J AU Enciso, JM Unruh, BL Colaizzi, PD Multer, WL AF Enciso, JM Unruh, BL Colaizzi, PD Multer, WL TI Cotton response to subsurface drip irrigation frequency under deficit irrigation SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE water management; irrigation scheduling; microirrigation; deficit irrigation ID MANAGEMENT; YIELD AB Cotton lint yield and quality were investigated for different irrigation frequencies using subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) under limited water conditions (1.7mm day(-1)) in the St. Lawrence region of West Texas. Two frequency intervals were studied during two years; these intervals were 4 and 16 days in 1999 and 2 and 8 days in 2000. Each treatment was replicated four times, and the total amount of water applied each year was the same. The soil was a silty clay loam soil underlain by caliche just below 90 cm from the surface. In both years, there were no significant differences between frequency treatments in lint yield, micronaire, fiber length, fiber strength, uniformity, or gross returns. Using the loan values as an indicator of lint quality, cotton loan values were highly significant in 1999, but were not different in 2000. With no major advantage in increasing irrigation frequency using SDI under deficit conditions, these results may have an impact on the agronomic practices of the region where water is very limited. Low frequency irrigation may allow farmers to have more flexibility in managing their irrigation systems and avoid the additional expense of automating a microirrigation system. C1 Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK USA. USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas Cooperat Extens, Garden City, NY USA. RP Enciso, JM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, POB 1298, Ft Stockton, TX 79735 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 19 IS 5 BP 555 EP 558 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 738WY UT WOS:000186311900007 ER PT J AU Brown-Brandl, TM Yanagi, T Xin, H Gates, RS Bucklin, RA Ross, GS AF Brown-Brandl, TM Yanagi, T Xin, H Gates, RS Bucklin, RA Ross, GS TI A new telemetry system for measuring core body temperature in livestock and poultry SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; dairy cattle; poultry; swine; body temperature; telemetry system ID RADIO-TELEMETRY; RESPONSES; CHICKENS AB Core body temperature is an important physiological measure of animal thermoregulatory responses to environmental stimuli. A new telemetric body temperature measurement system was evaluated by three independent laboratories for its research application in poultry, swine, beef, and dairy cattle. In the case of poultry and swine, the system employs surgery-free temperature sensors that are orally administered to allow short-term monitoring. Computational algorithms were developed and used to filter out spurious data. The results indicate that successful employment of the body-temperature measurement method - telemetric or other measurement systems such as rectal or tympanic method, will depend on the specific application. However, due to the cost of the system, the surgeries involved (in some applications), and the need for filtering of data, careful consideration needs to be given to ensure that telemetry is the ideal method for the experiment protocol. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Fed Univ Lavras, Lavras, Brazil. Iowa State Univ, Agr & Biosyst Engn Dept, Ames, IA USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agr Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Brown-Brandl, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Gates, Richard/M-4367-2014 OI Gates, Richard/0000-0003-2812-1739 NR 15 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 19 IS 5 BP 583 EP 589 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 738WY UT WOS:000186311900011 ER PT J AU Min, W Lillehoj, HS Kim, S Zhu, JJ Beard, H Alkharouf, N Matthews, BF AF Min, W Lillehoj, HS Kim, S Zhu, JJ Beard, H Alkharouf, N Matthews, BF TI Profiling local gene expression changes associated with Eimeria maxima and Eimeria acervulina using cDNA microarray SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IFN-GAMMA; INFECTION; CHICKEN; TENELLA; COCCIDIOSIS; VACCINATION; ARRAYS AB Eimeria parasites show preferential sites of invasion in the avian intestine and produce a species-specific host immune response. Two economically important species, Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima, preferentially invade and develop in the avian duodenum and jejunum/ileum, respectively. To investigate local host immune responses induced by parasite infection, global transcriptional changes in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) induced by oral inoculation of chickens with E. acervulina or E. maxima were monitored using cDNA microarrays containing 400 unique chicken genes. Multiple gene transcripts were significantly up- or down-regulated following primary or secondary infection with E. acervulina or E. maxima. In general, infection by either parasite resulted in the expression changes of more genes following primary infection than following secondary infection, and E. acervulina caused more changes than did E. maxima. Although different regions of the small intestine were infected, similar changes in the levels of several cytokine mRNAs were observed in both Eimeria species following primary infection. Also identified was a set of transcripts whose expression was commonly enhanced or repressed in intestinal IELs of chickens infected with either parasite. Microarray analysis of chicken genes induced or repressed following Eimeria infection offers a powerful tool to enhance our under standing of host-parasite interactions leading to protective immunity. C1 USDA, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Serv, Bldg 1040,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366 NR 30 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 62 IS 4 BP 392 EP 399 DI 10.1007/s00253-003-1303-x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 730RV UT WOS:000185844700013 PM 12712262 ER PT J AU Gu, YH Mazzola, M AF Gu, YH Mazzola, M TI Modification of fluorescent pseudomonad community and control of apple replant disease induced in a wheat cultivar-specific manner SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhizoctonia solani; pythium; suppressive soils ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; SOIL MICROFLORA; NEMATODES; IMPACT; GROWTH; CROPS; SUPPRESSIVENESS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; BACTERIA AB Apple orchard soils were cropped for three successive 28-day growth cycles with a perennial ryegrass/annual ryegrass mixture or 1 of 11 wheat cultivars prior to planting with Gala apple seedlings. Prior cropping of soils with ryegrass had no significant impact on growth of apple, but cultivation with some, but not all, wheat cultivars substantially enhanced apple seedling growth. Enhanced growth of apple was associated with a reduction in root infection by the dominant fungal pathogens resident to the respective orchard soils. Wheat cultivars that enhanced growth of apple modified the genetic and species composition of the fluorescent pseudomonad population resident to orchard soil. The fluorescent pseudomonad population from soils cropped with wheat cultivars that enhanced apple seedling growth possessed a higher capacity to inhibit in vitro growth of multiple elements of the fungal complex that incites apple replant disease than did the population from non-treated orchard soil or soil cropped with a wheat cultivar that did not enhance growth of apple. Application of wheat root exudates to soil also modified the antagonistic potential and composition of the fluorescent pseudomonad population in a cultivar-specific manner. This study demonstrates the significant role of plant genotype in determining composition of the saprophytic soil microbial community. It also establishes the need to consider not only plant species but also plant genotype when evaluating the potential benefit of specific cover crops as a component within a systems approach for the management of soilborne plant diseases. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 32 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 24 IS 1 BP 57 EP 72 DI 10.1016/S0929-1393(03)00066-0 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 724MP UT WOS:000185491600005 ER PT J AU Sharratt, BS Knight, CW Wooding, F AF Sharratt, BS Knight, CW Wooding, F TI Climatic impact on small grain production in the Subarctic region of the United States SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE barley; oat; wheat; cereals; grain yield; Alaska; climate ID SPRING WHEAT; INTERIOR ALASKA; BARLEY YIELD; TEMPERATURE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; FINLAND; STRESS; LINES AB The Subarctic comprises the higher mid-latitudinal regions with short, cool, moist summers and long, cold, dry winters. Indeed, the short, cool growing season is often thought of as a barrier to crop growth and diversity in these regions. Little is known, however, concerning the impact of the Subarctic climate on crop production. This study aimed to identify the climatic factors that are most important to the production of small grains in the Subarctic region of Alaska. The impact of climate on 'Galt' and 'Weal' barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), 'Nip' and 'Toral' oat (Avena sativa L.), and 'Gasser' and 'Park' wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was assessed using climate and grain yield data collected from 1972 to 1989 at Fairbanks. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the climatic factors that most influence yield. Different factors accounted for the largest proportion of variability in yield across years for the different grains. 1) For barley, variations in precipitation deficit (pan evaporation minus precipitation) and distribution of precipitation events within a growing season accounted for 41% of the variability across years in yield of Galt and Weal cultivars. 2) For oat, variations in the precipitation deficit ratio (ratio between precipitation deficit and pan evaporation) accounted for 44% of the variability across years in yield of Nip and 58% in yield of Toral oat. 3) For wheat, variations in number of days between precipitation events within a growing season, precipitation deficit, and temperature explained 70% of the variability across years in yield of Gasser and Park wheat. Results from our analysis further indicated that small grain production was bolstered in seasons with greater precipitation, more frequent precipitation, or lower evaporative demand (pan evaporation). Only wheat production appeared to be favored by higher minimum air temperatures. This study suggests that, despite the cool growing season in interior Alaska, the primary climatic limitation to crop production is water stress, associated with low precipitation or high evaporative demand. Therefore, land management practices aimed at conserving soil water will likely bolster crop production in the Subarctic. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Alaska, Sch Agr & Land Resource Management, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Sharratt, BS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, 215 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD SEP PY 2003 VL 56 IS 3 BP 219 EP 226 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 727VM UT WOS:000185681600001 ER PT J AU Durick, K Lamoureux, J O'Bryant, D Griffiths, MM Hunt, CD Bradley, DS AF Durick, K Lamoureux, J O'Bryant, D Griffiths, MM Hunt, CD Bradley, DS TI Dietary boron supplements effectively mitigates murine collagen-induced arthritis. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 67th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/38th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY OCT 23-28, 2003 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Div Rheumatol, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ N Dakota, Sch Med, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, VAMC, Div Res, Salt Lake City, UT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 48 IS 9 SU S MA 1421 BP S554 EP S554 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 723LA UT WOS:000185432801463 ER PT J AU Chan, E Tai, ES Tan, CS Tan, CE Chia, KS Chew, SK Ordovas, J AF Chan, E Tai, ES Tan, CS Tan, CE Chia, KS Chew, SK Ordovas, J TI A novel polymorphism at the PPARA locus (V227A) interacts with dietary factors to determine lipid profiles in Chinese SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th International Symposium on Atherosclerosis CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2003 CL KYOTO, JAPAN C1 Singapore Gen Hosp, Singapore 0316, Singapore. Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Mol Epidemiol, Singapore 117548, Singapore. Singapore Hlth Serv, Singapore, Singapore. Minist Hlth, Singapore, Singapore. JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. RI CHIA, Kee Seng/C-5790-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 4 IS 2 BP 240 EP 240 DI 10.1016/S1567-5688(03)91032-4 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 749NH UT WOS:000186926501029 ER PT J AU Asztalos, B Schaefer, E Inazu, A Mabuchi, H AF Asztalos, B Schaefer, E Inazu, A Mabuchi, H TI HDL subpopulation profile in CETP deficiency SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 13th International Symposium on Atherosclerosis CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2003 CL KYOTO, JAPAN C1 Tufts Univ, HNRCA, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Kanazawa Univ, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 4 IS 2 BP 302 EP 302 DI 10.1016/S1567-5688(03)91293-1 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 749NH UT WOS:000186926501290 ER PT J AU Naranjo, SE Hagler, JR Ellsworth, PC AF Naranjo, SE Hagler, JR Ellsworth, PC TI Improved conservation of natural enemies with selective management systems for Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) in cotton SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bemisia tabaci; Bemisia argentifolii; arthropod predators; aphelinid parasitoids; insect growth regulators; conservation biological control; principal response curves ID INSECT GROWTH-REGULATORS; JUVENILE-HORMONE ANALOG; INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT; POTATO WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; FIELD-WEATHERED RESIDUES; ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ACTION THRESHOLDS; SAMPLING PLANS; RED SCALE AB A large-scale study was conducted in 1996 to evaluate and demonstrate strategies for pest management of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in cotton involving different insecticide regimes, application methods, and action thresholds. Here we examined the effects of the various management systems on the abundance and activity of native natural enemies. Population densities of 18 out of 20 taxa of arthropod predators were significantly higher in regimes initiated with the insect growth regulators (IGRs) buprofezin ( chitin inhibitor) or pyriproxyfen ( juvenile hormone analog) compared with a regime dependent on a rotation of conventional, broad-spectrum insecticides. There were no differences in predator density between the two IGR regimes, and generally no effects due to application method or action threshold level. Predator to prey ratios were significantly higher in regimes utilizing the two IGRs compared with the conventional regime, but were unaffected by application method or threshold level. Rates of parasitism by Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich and Encarsia meritoria Gahan were higher in the IGR regimes compared with the conventional regime, but were unaffected by insecticide application method, or the action threshold used to initiate applications of the IGRs. Results demonstrate the selective action of these two IGRs and suggest that their use may enhance opportunities for conservation biological control in cotton systems affected by B. tabaci, especially relative to conventional insecticide alternatives. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Naranjo, SE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. OI Ellsworth, Peter/0000-0002-2485-0830 NR 60 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 13 IS 6 BP 571 EP 587 DI 10.1080/0958315031000151828 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 714KK UT WOS:000184912800002 ER PT J AU Lord, JC AF Lord, JC TI Mattesia oryzaephili (Neogregarinorida : lipotrophidae), a pathogen of stored-grain insects: Virulence, host range and comparison with Mattesia dispora SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mattesia; Cryptolestes; Oryzaephilus surinamensis; Plodia interpunctella; Ephestia kuehniella; neogregarine; stilbene; boric acid ID LEPIDOPTERA; MICROSPORIDIA; SPECIFICITY AB The neogregarine, Mattesia oryzaephili (Neogregarinorida: Lipotrophidae) has only been reported from the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis. The pathogen's presence in cadavers of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, in collapsed colonies prompted studies of its potential to control stored-product insects. Respective mortality rates in fourth instar C. ferrugineus and C. pusillus were 15.3 and 17.7% at 10(2) oocysts/g of diet and 89.4 and 80.5% at 10 5 oocysts/g. The mortality of fourth instar O. surinamensis exposed to 10 5 oocysts/g was only 12%. For C. ferrugineus larvae, there were no significant differences in mortality and infection between exposure to Mattesia dispora and exposure to M. oryzaephili ( P > 0.05), but for C. pusillus larvae, both responses were significantly higher for M. oryzaephili than M. dispora. Adult C. ferrugineus and O. surinamensis were similar in their responses to M. oryzaephili, with mortality not exceeding 20%, but differed in their responses to M. dispora, with O. surinamensis being more susceptible. The median lethal doses for larval Mediterranean flour moths, Ephestia kuehniella, were 7.9 x 10(7) M. oryzaephili oocysts/g of diet and 2.7 x 10(3) M. dispora oocysts/g of diet. In single dose assays of M. oryzaephili physiological host range, greater than 75% infection was achieved for Rhyzopertha dominica and Plodia interpunctella. More than half of oocysts germinated during passage through the guts of susceptible and resistant insects. Second and third instar Galleria mellonella were highly susceptible to M. oryzaephili infection, but fifth instars were not. Infection percentages in fifth instars exposed to 10(6) oocysts/g were significant only when boric acid or the stilbene, Blankophor(R) RHK were incorporated into the diet. Host range and general morphology confirm the identity of Mattesia oryzaephili. C1 ARS, GMPRC, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Lord, JC (reprint author), ARS, GMPRC, USDA, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 7 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 13 IS 6 BP 589 EP 598 DI 10.1080/0958315031000151800 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 714KK UT WOS:000184912800003 ER PT J AU Turner, BL Chudek, JA Whitton, BA Baxter, R AF Turner, BL Chudek, JA Whitton, BA Baxter, R TI Phosphorus composition of upland soils polluted by long-term atmospheric nitrogen deposition SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE P-31 NMR spectroscopy; atmospheric nitrogen deposition; organic phosphorus; peat; soil; uplands ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITIES; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; SANDY SOILS; VEGETATION; EXTRACTION; FORMS; SPECTROSCOPY; RHIZOSPHERE AB Atmospheric N deposition can enhance biological P limitation in terrestrial ecosystems and increase the importance of organic P to plants and microorganisms. We used NaOH-EDTA extraction and solution P-31 NMR spectroscopy to determine the P composition of soils in the Upper Teesdale National Nature Reserve, northern England, an upland region influenced by such deposition for at least 150 years. Three characteristic soil types were sampled on three occasions during an annual cycle: blanket peat (318 mg g(-1) total C, 607 mug g(-1) total P, pH 3.9); acid organic soil under grassland (354 mg g(-1) total C, 1190 mug g(-1) total P, pH 3.7); calcareous soil under grassland (140 mg g(-1) total C, 649 mug g(-1) total P, pH 7.3). Between 58 and 99% of the total P in soil and litter layers was extracted by 0.25 M NaOH + 0.05 M EDTA. Extracts of all soils were dominated by organic P, mainly in the form of orthophosphate monoesters (43-69% extracted P). The two acidic soils also contained large proportions of orthophosphate diesters (6-19% extracted P) and phosphonates (7-16% extracted P), suggesting that these compounds become stabilised at low pH. However, a seasonal trend of increasing orthophosphate monoester-to-diester ratios, most evident in the calcareous grassland soil, indicated the preferential degradation of orthophosphate diesters during the growing season. Orthophosphate was the major inorganic P compound (17-34% extracted P), and all soils contained pyrophosphate (1-5% extracted P). However, orthophosphate determined in the NaOH-EDTA extracts by solution P-31 NMR spectroscopy was substantially greater than that determined by molybdate colourimetry, suggesting that orthophosphate occurred in complexes with humic compounds that were not detected by conventional procedures. Our results suggest that organisms able to use recalcitrant soil organic P may have a competitive advantage in environments under enhanced atmospheric N deposition. C1 Univ Durham, Dept Biol Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Univ Dundee, Sch Life Sci, Div Phys & Inorgan Chem, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. RP Turner, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Baxter, Robert/C-7688-2012 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; Baxter, Robert/0000-0002-7504-6797 NR 42 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 28 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD SEP PY 2003 VL 65 IS 2 BP 259 EP 274 DI 10.1023/A:1026065719423 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 729VR UT WOS:000185796200007 ER PT J AU Lyons, AL Gaines, WL Servheen, C AF Lyons, AL Gaines, WL Servheen, C TI Black bear resource selection in the northeast Cascades, Washington SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE black bear; habitat selection; compositional analysis; Washington ID HABITAT USE; POPULATION; MOUNTAINS; RIPARIAN; ERROR; ROADS AB We examined resource selection of black bears in the northeast Cascades of Washington at two spatial scales. Specifically, we compared habitats selected for within home ranges to those available in the study area, and habitats selected for versus those available within home ranges. Compositional analysis showed selection of similar habitats at each spatial scale, with some differences. In the dry climate of the eastern Cascades, black bears appeared to locate home ranges within habitats that would provide abundant food resources, such as riparian and deciduous forests, meadows and shrubfields. Once established in a home range, black bears selected for a mosaic of habitat types that provided security cover in proximity to food resources, such as riparian and deciduous forests, other forest types and meadows. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, Okanogan & Wenatchee Natl Forests, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Lyons, AL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Okanogan & Wenatchee Natl Forests, 215 Melody Lane, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 60 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 113 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00349-X PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 691EC UT WOS:000183591000006 ER PT J AU Goolsby, JA Wright, AD Pemberton, RW AF Goolsby, JA Wright, AD Pemberton, RW TI Exploratory surveys in Australia and Asia for natural enemies of Old World climbing fern, Lygodium microphyllum: Lygodiaceae SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE floracarus; fern-feeding moths; invasive weed; Florida everglades; foreign exploration; biological control; agent selection ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SALVINIA-MOLESTA; INVASIVE WEED; FLORIDA AB Lygodium microphyllum, Old World climbing fern, is native to the wet tropics and subtropics of the Old World and an invasive weed in southern Florida. Exploration for natural enemies of this weed was conducted between 1997 and 2002 in Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, New Caledonia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Two species of mites and 20 insect species were collected. The eriophyid mite, Floracarus perrepae Knihinicki and Boczek, was the most widely distributed and appeared to cause significant damage to the plant over time. Several unique geographical genotypes of F. perrepae were identified. Other promising candidates for further research are the musotimine pyralid species, Neomusotima conspurcatalis Warren, Cataclysta camptozonale Hampson, Cataclysm sp. 2, and Musotima sp., all leaf-feeders, as well as the stem-borer Ambia sp. All of the herbivores collected, except the eriophyid, typically occurred at low field densities. The pyralid species may reach high densities and cause great damage in Florida in the absence of their co-evolved natural enemies. The mite F. perrepae shows the greatest potential for biological control based on field surveys and initial laboratory observations; however, future studies must identify mite genotypes that are best adapted to the invasive Florida form of the fern. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USDA ARS, Australian Biol Control Lab, CSIRO, Long Pocket Labs, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Goolsby, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Australian Biol Control Lab, CSIRO, Long Pocket Labs, 120 Meiers Rd, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. NR 31 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(03)00054-9 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 713NQ UT WOS:000184865000005 ER PT J AU Wraight, SP Galaini-Wraight, S Carruthers, RI Roberts, DW AF Wraight, SP Galaini-Wraight, S Carruthers, RI Roberts, DW TI Zoophthora radicans (Zygomycetes : Entomophthorales) conidia production from naturally infected Empoasca kraemeri and dry-formulated mycelium under laboratory and field conditions SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Zoophthora radicans; leafhopper; Empoasca kraemeri; Cicadellidae; biological control; mycelium formulation; sporulation ID MONELL F-MACULATA; ERYNIA-RADICANS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; POTATO LEAFHOPPER; FABAE HOMOPTERA; FUNGAL PATHOGEN; BREFELD BATKO; GERMINATION; TEMPERATURE; CICADELLIDAE AB Laboratory and field studies were conducted to assess the effects of temperature on sporulation of a dried-mycelium formulation of the entomophthoralean fungus Zoophthora radicans and to compare sporulation of laboratory-produced/formulated fungus versus fungus occurring on cadavers of naturally infected Empoasca leafhoppers. Conidia production by the formulation increased from 3.1 x 10(4) to a maximum of 13.7 x 10(4) conidia/mg (dry weight) over the temperature range from 5 to 20degreesC and decreased to 10.7 x 10(4) conidia/mg at 25degreesC and to nearly zero at 31degreesC. A temperature-dependent development model estimated a sporulation optimum of 23.6degreesC. Pieces of formulated mycelium (2 x 2 x 0.5mm) placed on bean and cowpea foliage in the field showed a temporal pattern of nightly conidial discharge similar to the fungus on leafhopper cadavers; both fungi initiated sporulation within a few hours following dewset and ceased with the return of dry conditions after 08:00h. However, sporulation of the fungus on cadavers peaked between 00:00 and 03:00 h, while peak sporulation of the formulated fungus usually occurred shortly after dawn. Fungus on adult leafhopper cadavers and the pieces of formulated fungus underwent multiple daytime desiccation/nighttime rehydration cycles, producing conidia for up to eight consecutive nights. Second-, third-, fourth-, and fifth-instar cadavers supported sporulation for only 5-6 nights. On a dry weight basis, the fungus on cadavers produced substantially more conidia than the formulated fungus; however, differences were less pronounced based on the surface area of the hymenium. In general, the dried-mycelium pieces generated conidia in a manner similar (both temporally and quantitatively) to the fungus on leafhopper cadavers. These results indicate that the dried-mycelium formulation is well suited as an inoculum source for initiation or augmentation of epizootics in leafhopper populations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Wraight, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Roberts, Donald/B-6649-2014 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 60 EP 77 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(03)00035-5 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 713NQ UT WOS:000184865000007 ER PT J AU Nielsen, C Hajek, AE Humber, RA Bresciani, J Eilenberg, J AF Nielsen, C Hajek, AE Humber, RA Bresciani, J Eilenberg, J TI Soil as an environment for winter survival of aphid-pathogenic Entomophthorales SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE aphids; conidia; Conidiobolus obscurus; Etyma neoaphidis; hyphal bodies; loricoconidia; overwintering; Pandora neoaphidis; persistence; Sitobion avenae; soil; survival ID CEREAL APHIDS; NEOAPHIDIS ENTOMOPHTHORALES; HYPHAL BODIES; HOMOPTERA; GERMINATION; AZYGOSPORES; INFECTION; ECOLOGY; SPINACH; LARVAE AB The survival of Pandora neoaphidis was studied for both discharged primary conidia and hyphal bodies inside aphid cadavers after storage on moist soil at different temperatures. The activity of the inoculum was quantified by the ability to produce replicate conidia as well as the ability to infect aphids. No effect of inoculum type was found. Conidia were produced after storage for at least 32 days at 20 degreesC, 64 days at 10 degreesC, and 96 days at 5 degreesC. Inoculum. retained the ability to initiate infections in aphids after storage for at least 14 days at 20 degreesC, 32 days at 10 degreesC, and 64 days at 5 degreesC. Morphological studies of the inoculum suggest that P. neoaphidis may survive unfavorable conditions as thick-walled conidia also known as loricoconidia. Furthermore, P. neoaphidis and Conidiobolus obscurus were documented for the first time in field-collected soil in early spring by baiting the soil with aphids. We hypothesize that germination of overwintering inoculum is stimulated by host-induced factors since inoculum apparently responded to the presence of aphids. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Ecol, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Nielsen, C (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Ecol, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. RI Eilenberg, Jorgen/F-7444-2014 OI Eilenberg, Jorgen/0000-0002-9273-5252 NR 44 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 92 EP 100 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(03)00033-1 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 713NQ UT WOS:000184865000009 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Stuart, R McCoy, CW AF Shapiro-Ilan, DI Stuart, R McCoy, CW TI Comparison of beneficial traits among strains of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, for control of Curculio caryae (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE beneficial traits; biological control; Curculio caryae; pecan weevil; Steinernema carpocapsae; Xenorhabdus nematophila ID PECAN WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PHOTORHABDUS-LUMINESCENS; ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODE; GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; BEETLE COLEOPTERA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RHABDITIDA; FELTIAE AB Our objective was to compare beneficial traits among strains of Steinernema carpocapsae to identify or develop a superior biocontrol candidate for suppression of the pecan weevil, Curculio caryae. Virulence, environmental tolerance to heat and desiccation, and reproductive capacity were compared among eight strains. Fitness (in vitro growth) of the symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus nematophila isolated from six of the nematode strains, was also compared. Significant differences were detected among nematode and bacteria strains for each trait. All nematode strains were more virulent to C caryae adults than to larvae. No single S. carpocapsae strain was superior for all beneficial traits measured. Overall, Breton, DD 136, Italian, and Kapow strains were ranked inferior to other strains. Agriotos, All, and Sal strains were superior when desiccation was a factor. When desiccation tolerance was removed as a factor, the Mexican strain also tended to fall into the superior rankings. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 61 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(03)00030-6 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 713NQ UT WOS:000184865000013 ER PT J AU Caesar, AJ AF Caesar, AJ TI Synergistic interaction of soilborne plant pathogens and root-attacking insects in classical biological control of an exotic rangeland weed SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE insect pathogen interactions; Synergism; Aphthona spp.; biological control; rangeland weed; survival analysis; cox regression; Kaplan-Meier; leafy spurge; Centaurea maculosa; Euphorbia esula; Euphorbia stepposa; microcosm ID SPURGE EUPHORBIA-ESULA; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; LEAFY SPURGE; COMPARATIVE VIRULENCE; CONTROL AGENTS; NORTHERN PLAINS; FUSARIUM; EUROPE; SOIL; IDENTIFICATION AB This investigation of the possible role of pathogen-insect interactions on the mortality of Euphorbia esulalvirgata plants was prompted by repeated observations of an apparent association in the field between damage to the roots of this plant caused by root-attacking insects and disease occurrence. In studies using microcosms in a greenhouse consisting of potted, caged plants of E esulal virgata, combinations of Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, or both fungi with adults and larvae of the flea beetle Aphthona spp. caused significantly greater rates of injury to E. esulalvirgata than any single agent. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to examine the effects on time to mortality of combinations of various inoculum densities of R. solani per gram of air-dried soil with 0, 5, and 15 Aphthona per plant. At each insect level per plant, increasing inoculum density increased the rate of mortality of E esulal virgata; the effect was significant at 5 and 15 beetles per plant using log rank tests. Additionally, at 5 flea beetles per plant, the rates of weed mortality in association with the second highest fungal inoculum concentration were similar to the mortality at the highest inoculum level, indicating that a minimum effective concentration is needed for effective synergism to exist. Cox regression analysis of proportional hazards was used to examine the relative contribution of plant pathogens and insects to weed mortality in the microcosms. The results indicated that plant pathogens are more than twice as likely to cause mortality of the target weed than insects under typical conditions and, under optimum conditions, are over four times more likely to do so. The results support the idea that supplementing flea beetle establishments with plant pathogens can be an effective means of both causing higher rates of successfully impacted release sites and greater biocontrol impact at individual release sites. Based on these findings it is recommended that a test of propensity for insect-plant pathogen synergisms should be a selection criterion for candidate agents. Additionally, it is recommended that survival analysis be applied to the target weed exposed to appropriate combinations of insects and pathogens as a means to assess the potential effectiveness of candidate agents. Application of one or both of these recommendations could increase success in classical biocontrol of weeds and reduce associated costs and environmental risks. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USDA, Pest Management Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, No Plains Agr Res Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Caesar, AJ (reprint author), USDA, Pest Management Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, No Plains Agr Res Unit, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. NR 44 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 144 EP 153 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(03)00053-7 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 713NQ UT WOS:000184865000015 ER PT J AU Kriticos, DJ Sutherst, RW Brown, JR Adkins, SW Maywald, GF AF Kriticos, D. J. Sutherst, R. W. Brown, J. R. Adkins, S. W. Maywald, G. F. TI Climate change and biotic invasions: a case history of a tropical woody vine SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE biological control; climate change; CLIMEX; Cryptostegia; global change; invasion; modelling; range shifts; weed AB The impacts of climate change in the potential distribution and relative abundance of a C-3 shrubby vine, Cryptostegia grandiflora, were investigated using the CLIMEX modelling package. Based upon its current naturalised distribution, C. grandiflora appears to occupy only a small fraction of its potential distribution in Australia under current climatic conditions; mostly in apparently sub-optimal habitat. The potential distribution of C. grandiflora is sensitive towards changes in climate and atmospheric chemistry in the expected range of this century, particularly those that result in increased temperature and water use efficiency. Climate change is likely to increase the potential distribution and abundance of the plant, further increasing the area at risk of invasion, and threatening the viability of current control strategies markedly. By identifying areas at risk of invasion, and vulnerabilities of control strategies, this analysis demonstrates the utility of climate models for providing information suitable to help formulate large-scale, long-term strategic plans for controlling biotic invasions. The effects of climate change upon the potential distribution of C. grandiflora are sufficiently great that strategic control plans for biotic invasions should routinely include their consideration. Whilst the effect of climate change upon the efficacy of introduced biological control agents remain unknown, their possible effect in the potential distribution of C. grandiflora will likely depend not only upon their effects on the population dynamics of C. grandiflora, but also on the gradient of climatic suitability adjacent to each segment of the range boundary. C1 [Kriticos, D. J.] CSIRO Entomol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Kriticos, D. J.] CRC Australian Weed Management, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Sutherst, R. W.; Maywald, G. F.] CSIRO Entomol, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. [Brown, J. R.] NRCS Jornada Range, USDA, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Kriticos, D. J.; Adkins, S. W.] Univ Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Kriticos, DJ (reprint author), Forest Res, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand. EM darren.kriticos@forestresearch.co.nz OI Kriticos, Darren/0000-0003-2599-8105 FU Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation [UQ-42A] FX The Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation provided funding for this work under project UQ-42A. Thanks to Drs Richard Mack, Roger Cousens, Andy Sheppard, and Mark Howden for reviewing early drafts of the manuscript. Thanks also to Dr Jim Carlton and an anonymous referee for helpful suggestions. NR 55 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD SEP PY 2003 VL 5 IS 3 BP 147 EP 165 DI 10.1023/A:1026193424587 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V28EG UT WOS:000208663500001 ER PT J AU Yang, YJ Dungan, RS Ibekwe, AM Valenzuela-Solano, C Crohn, DM Crowley, DE AF Yang, YJ Dungan, RS Ibekwe, AM Valenzuela-Solano, C Crohn, DM Crowley, DE TI Effect of organic mulches on soil bacterial communities one year after application SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE dehydrogenase activity; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; fatty acid; organic mulch; soil bacterial community structure ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; AMMONIA-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT; DEHYDROGENASE-ACTIVITY; CLASS PROTEOBACTERIA; TUSSOCK GRASSLANDS; BETA-SUBDIVISION AB The application of organic mulches as a soil cover is effective in improving the quality of soil. However, very little information is available on the effect of mulches on the soil microbial community. In this study, we investigated the effect of various organic mulches on soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and microbial community structures in the top 1 cm and 5 cm below the soil surface I year after application of the mulches. DHA was stimulated at both depths in plots mulched with grass clippings (GC, but was not significantly different from the control for the other mulch treatments. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rDNA fragments were used to assess changes in the soil microbial community structure. Cluster analysis and principle component analysis of FAME profiles showed that only soil mulched with pine chips distinctively clustered from the other treatments. At the soil surface, bacterial DGGE profiles revealed that distinct shifts in several bacterial populations occurred in soils mulched with GC and eucalyptus yardwaste (EY), while DGGE profiles from soil at the 5 cm depth revealed no distinct changes. Changes in bacterial diversity at the soil surface under different mulches were calculated based on the number of bands in the DGGE profile using the Shannon-Weaver index of diversity (H). Compared to the control (H = 0.9), the GC- and EY-treated soils showed slightly increased bacterial diversity, with an H of 1.1 and 1.0, respectively. These results indicate that the long-term effect of organic mulches on the soil microbial activity and community structure is highly dependent upon the type of mulch and is mostly exerted in the top few centimeters of the soil profile. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Crowley, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 57 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD SEP PY 2003 VL 38 IS 5 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1007/s00374-003-0639-9 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 737LN UT WOS:000186232000002 ER PT J AU Bansode, RR Losso, JN Marshall, WE Rao, RM Portier, RJ AF Bansode, RR Losso, JN Marshall, WE Rao, RM Portier, RJ TI Adsorption of metal ions by pecan shell-based granular activated carbons SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE granular activated carbon; pecan shells; Freundlich model; copper; lead; zinc ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; NUTSHELLS; SOLUTES; MODEL AB The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the adsorption effectiveness of pecan shell-based granular activated carbons (GACs) in removing metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+) commonly found in municipal and industrial wastewater. Pecan shells were activated by phosphoric acid, steam or carbon dioxide activation methods. Metal ion adsorption of shell-based GACs was compared to the metal ion adsorption of a commercial carbon, namely, Calgon's Filtrasorb 200. Adsorption experiments were conducted using solutions containing all three metal ions in order to investigate the competitive effects of the metal ions as would occur in contaminated wastewater. The results obtained from this study showed that acid-activated pecan shell carbon adsorbed more lead ion and zinc ion than any of the other carbons, especially at carbon doses of 0.2-1.0%. However, steam-activated pecan shell carbon adsorbed more copper ion than the other carbons, particularly using carbon doses above 0.2%. In general, Filtrasorb 200 and carbon dioxide-activated pecan shell carbons were poor metal ion adsorbents. The results indicate that acid- and steam-activated pecan shell-based GACs are effective metal ion adsorbents and can potentially replace typical coal-based GACs in treatment of metal contaminated wastewater. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Rao, RM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Food Sci, Food Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RI Bansode, Rishipal/E-9293-2010 OI Bansode, Rishipal/0000-0001-7826-2711 NR 11 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 89 IS 2 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00064-6 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 693HJ UT WOS:000183711000002 PM 12699928 ER PT J AU Haggard, BE Moore, PA Chaubey, I Stanley, EH AF Haggard, BE Moore, PA Chaubey, I Stanley, EH TI Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and export from an Ozark Plateau catchment in the United States SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; QUALITY; STREAMS; CALIFORNIA; NITRATE; RUNOFF; IMPACT; LITTER; LOADS AB In 1993-1995, the Beaver Lake Basin contained about 2000 poultry houses producing about 200 000 Mg yr(-1) of poultry litter, and 8000 and 4000 Mg yr(-1) of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), respectively. Most of the poultry litter was land applied as a fertiliser to meet forage N requirements, making it susceptible to transport from the landscape during episodic precipitation events. Nitrogen and P concentrations were measured in four sub-watersheds of Beaver Lake, a reservoir on the White River in Arkansas, USA, to assess possible relationships between pasture land use and stream nutrient concentrations and export. Surface water samples were collected 17 times annually for 2 years from ten total stream sites within the four watersheds. Samples were analysed for soluble reactive P (SRP), total P (TP), ammonium-N (NH4-N), nitrate-N (NO3-N), total Kjeldhal N (TKN) and total N (TN). Discharge was measured at four gauged stream stations, and nutrient export was' calculated using the US Geological Survey ESTIMATOR software and non-biased re-transformation from log space. Stream SRP, NO3-N and TN concentrations (geometric-mean) increased linearly with per cent of pasture in watersheds, whereas N and P export coefficients increased exponentially with pasture land use. Nutrient export (kg yr(-1)) increased with basin size, but nutrient yield (kg km(-2) yr(-1)) decreased with basin size. Nutrient yield was from three times to over 10 times greater than nutrient yields observed in regional undeveloped streams and the average of the Hydrologic Benchmark Network of the US Geological Survey. It is apparent that pasturelands in this basin affect stream nutrient concentrations and export to Beaver Lake and its tributaries. This investigation emphasises the need to carefully manage poultry litter because small losses of nutrients compared to the total amount of nutrients produced in a basin may still impact stream nutrient concentrations and export. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Silsoe Research Institute. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Haggard, BE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, 203 Engn Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. OI Stanley, Emily/0000-0003-4922-8121 NR 43 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 86 IS 1 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1016/S1537-5110(03)00100-4 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 716PE UT WOS:000185036900010 ER PT J AU Lawrence, SD Novak, NG Slack, JM AF Lawrence, SD Novak, NG Slack, JM TI Epitope tagging: a monoclonal antibody specific for recombinant fusion proteins in plants SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; WESTERN-BLOT-ANALYSIS; MEMBRANE; EXPRESSION; CASCADE; POTATO AB The easy identification of a recombinant protein in plant material, becomes increasingly relevant as more transgenic plants are used for research and commercial applications. Tagging recombinant proteins with a small peptide (epitope) can. perform such a task: However, available epitope antibodies will also cross-react with endogenous plant proteins at a level that may be unacceptable. Here we describe the new epitope antibody AcV5. Whether it is attached to the carboxyl terminal end of enhanced green fluorescent protein.(EGFP) or the Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin Cry3A, these proteins remain functional. In addition, using less than 250 pg AcV5-tagged EGFP produces a strong signal on Western blots with no cross-reactivity of proteins from a broad range of plants of agronomic importance. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lawrence, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, BARC W,Bldg 011A Rm 214, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD SEP PY 2003 VL 35 IS 3 BP 488 EP + PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 721UR UT WOS:000185337300011 PM 14513553 ER PT J AU Horn, SP Sanford, RL Dilcher, D Lott, TA Renne, PR Wiemann, MC Cozadd, D Vargas, O AF Horn, SP Sanford, RL Dilcher, D Lott, TA Renne, PR Wiemann, MC Cozadd, D Vargas, O TI Pleistocene plant fossils in and near La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Costa Rica; fossil plants; La Selva Biological Station; paleoclimate; paleoecology; Pleistocene; pollen; spores; tropical vegetation; tropical wet forest ID MAIZE CULTIVATION AB Radiocarbon dating and Ar-40/Ar-39 analysis of overlying tephra indicate that plant fossil assemblages exposed by stream erosion and well construction in and near La Selva Biological Station in eastern lowland Costa Rica are Pleistocene in age. We identified plant taxa based on wood, leaves, fruits, seeds, pollen, and spores examined from three sites at ca 30 m elevation. Extrapolating from modern ranges and surface temperature lapse rates suggests paleotemperatures 2.5-3.1 degreesC cooler than at present. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Wood Anat Res, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Org Trop Studies, Selva Biol Stn, Puerto Viedjo De Sarapiq, Costa Rica. RP Horn, SP (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, 304 Burchfiel Geog Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Horn, Sally/B-1918-2013; Oppenheimer, Clive/G-9881-2013; OI Horn, Sally/0000-0002-0575-3664; Oppenheimer, Clive/0000-0003-4506-7260; Sanford, Robert/0000-0003-2391-9231 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC TROPICAL BIOLOGY INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD SEP PY 2003 VL 35 IS 3 BP 434 EP 441 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2003.tb00598.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 744QY UT WOS:000186644700014 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MH Camp, RJ Nielson, BMB Jacobi, JD AF Reynolds, MH Camp, RJ Nielson, BMB Jacobi, JD TI Evidence of change in a low-elevation forest bird community of Hawaii since 1979 SO BIRD CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID VESTIARIA-COCCINEA; HONEYCREEPERS; PATHOGENICITY; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; ISLANDS; MALARIA AB We evaluated the abundance and distribution of low-elevation forest birds on windward Hawai'i Island during August 1993-February 1994, and present evidence of changes in the species composition of the forest bird community since 1979. Endemic Hawaiian birds occurred in native-dominated forests as low as 120 m elevation. Non-native species were detected at all survey locations. We observed non-native Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola, previously unrecorded in Puna. Variable circular plot surveys of Kahauale'a Natural Area Reserve indicated the disappearance of two native species ('I'iwi Vestiaria coccinea and 'O'u Psittitostra psittacea), and two non-native additions (Red-billed Leiothrix Leiothrix lutea and Kalij Pheasant Lophura leucomelana) to the study area since the Hawai'i Forest Bird Survey conducted in 1979. We present evidence that native 'Elepaio Chasiempsis sandwichensis has experienced a decrease in population density and an elevational range contraction since 1979. Surveys indicate Puna's forest bird community has had increasing aliens and declining native species since 1979. The persistence of some native bird species within the range of avian disease vectors such as Culex quinquefasciatus in forests below 1,000 m elevation presents an important enigma that requires additional study. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. US Forest Serv, Kaibab Natl Forest, Williams, AZ 86046 USA. RP Reynolds, MH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 44, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0959-2709 EI 1474-0001 J9 BIRD CONSERV INT JI Bird Conserv. Int. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 13 IS 3 BP 175 EP 187 DI 10.1017/S0959270903003149 PG 13 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 735DQ UT WOS:000186097500001 ER PT J AU Olubodun, JO Ochs, HR von Moltke, LL Roubenoff, R Hesse, LM Harmatz, JS Shader, RI Greenblatt, DJ AF Olubodun, JO Ochs, HR von Moltke, LL Roubenoff, R Hesse, LM Harmatz, JS Shader, RI Greenblatt, DJ TI Pharmacokinetic properties of zolpidem in elderly and young adults: possible modulation by testosterone in men SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ageing; pharmacokinetics; testosterone; zolpidem ID HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; PRIMARY HUMAN HEPATOCYTES; ADVERSE DRUG-REACTIONS; CYP3A4 ACTIVE-SITE; IN-VITRO; CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS; TRIAZOLAM BIOTRANSFORMATION; THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS; CYTOCHROME-P450 INDUCTION; METABOLISM AB Aims The influence of ageing on the pharmacokinetics of zolpidem, all extensively prescribed hypnotic medication, was evaluated in healthy human volunteers. Methods A series of 16 elderly (age: 61-85 years) and 24 young (age: 22-42 years) volunteers received single 5 rug oral doses of zolpidem tartrate. Serum zolpidem concentrations were determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection it) Samples drawn during 8 h after dosage. The effect of testosterone on zolpidem biotransformation was evaluated in vitro using human liver microsomes. Possible induction of CYP3A protein expression and function was studied in cultured human hepatocytes. Results Among men, apparent oral clearance of zolpidem was decreased in elderly compared to young subjects (3.8 vs 11.0 ml min(-1) kg(-1), P < 0.01), C-max was increased (93 vs 40 ng ml(-1), P < 0.01), and half-life increased (2.7 vs 1.5 h, P < 0.03). Among women, zolpidem oral clearance was decreased in the elderly (3.0 vs 5.8 ml min(-1) kg(-1), P < 0.02), C-max increased (108 vs 60 ng ml(-1), P < 0.001), with no difference in t(1/2) (2.3 vs 2.4 h). Among male subjects, free serum testosterone concentrations were lower in the elderly (10.5 vs 19.0 pg ml(-1), P<0.01), and were significantly correlated with zolpidem clearance (r(2)=0.46, P<0.001). Multiple regression analysis indicated a greater relative contribution of serum testosterone than age to the oral clearance of zolpidem among men. In human liver microsomes, co-incubation of zolpidem (10 μM) with varying concentrations of testosterone produced activation of biotransformation of zolpidem to its principal hydroxylated metabolite. Maximum activation was achieved at equimolar concentrations of testosterone (10 pm). However, testosterone did not induce immunoactive CYP3A4 expression or catalytic function in cultured human hepatocytes. Conclusions The increased C-max and lower oral clearance of zolpidem in the elderly are consistent with recommendations of lower clinical doses of zolpidem in the elderly. Our clinical and in vitro data both suggest that reduced free serum testosterone may have a modulatory role in age-dependent changes in zolpidem pharmacokinetics in men. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Ageing, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Marien Krankenhaus, Soest, Germany. RP Greenblatt, DJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Shader, Richard/0000-0002-1888-7565 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000054, RR 00054]; NIA NIH HHS [AG 17880, R01 AG017880]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA 13209, R01 DA005258, R21 DA013209, DA 05258]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK/AI 58496, R01 DK058496]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH 02137, MH 58435, R01 MH058435] NR 55 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-5251 J9 BRIT J CLIN PHARMACO JI Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 56 IS 3 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1046/j.0306-5251.2003.01852.x PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 717AJ UT WOS:000185063200008 PM 12919178 ER PT J AU Garrison, BA Wachs, RL Triggs, ML AF Garrison, BA Wachs, RL Triggs, ML TI Responses of landbirds to group selection logging in the central Sierra Nevada SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID BIRD POPULATIONS; TIMBER HARVEST; CALIFORNIA; WEATHER; COMMUNITY; ABUNDANCE AB Responses of landbirds to group selection logging were studied using mist-nets and bird banding at two 10.6-ha stands between 1996-2001 in the central Sierra Nevada, California. One randomly selected stand was cut (treatment) in June 1999, and the adjacent stand remained uncut (control). The stands had similar pre-harvest vegetation attributes, except that the treatment stand had greater densities of hardwoods in the shrub layer (P =0.003). The control stand had more Ceanothus (P < 0.005). Harvesting removed approximately 25% of the basal area (m(2)/ha) and live tree stems. There were greater (P < 0.008) differences in capture totals for all birds, young-of-the-year (HY) birds, and total number of bird species during the postharvest period. More birds were captured in the treatment stand and fewer birds were captured in the control stand during the postharvest period. When adjusted for total monthly precipitation from May-August, however, bird captures did not differ (P > 0.141) between stands and treatment periods. Between-stand differences in captures of all birds and HY birds, however, were different (P < 0.041) between the pre- and postharvest periods when adjusted for monthly precipitation. There was a seasonal population trend with greater bird numbers in May and June, months with the greatest precipitation, and least in July and August, months with the least precipitation (P < 0.001). Movements within and between stands were similar for the pre- and postharvest periods for 7 species with 10 recaptures. We concluded that group selection harvesting at this site did not have a negative effect on landbirds present during the breeding season except for the first postharvest year when bird captures declined in both stands. Bird numbers fluctuated with precipitation, however, so it appears that populations were affected by interactions between habitat and precipitation. C1 Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento Valley Cent Sierra Reg, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. US Forest Serv, Tahoe Natl Serv, Foresthill, CA 95631 USA. RP Garrison, BA (reprint author), Calif Dept Fish & Game, Sacramento Valley Cent Sierra Reg, 1701 Nimbus Rd, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD FAL PY 2003 VL 89 IS 4 BP 155 EP 175 PG 21 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 741HW UT WOS:000186453500001 ER PT J AU Bergh, JC Leskey, TC AF Bergh, JC Leskey, TC TI Biology, ecology, and management of dogwood borer in eastern apple orchards SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Review ID LESSER PEACHTREE BORER; GRAPE ROOT BORER; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; CLEARWING MOTHS; CODLING MOTH; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA; MATING DISRUPTION; PEST-MANAGEMENT; CYDIA-POMONELLA AB The dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), has the broadest host range of the clearwing moths and is considered to be an economically important pest of many ornamental, fruit, and nut trees. Since the 1980s, dogwood borer has been recognized as an increasingly important, indirect pest of apple, Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae), in eastern North America, owing mainly to increased plantings of apple on size-controlling rootstocks that promote the formation of adventitious root initials (burr knots) on the rootstock and scion. Burr knots appear to be preferred oviposition sites for dogwood borer females, although infestations can also be initiated in wounds, pruning cuts, and crotches on the branches and trunk. Larval feeding in burr knots does not adversely affect the growth and vigor of apple trees, but their mining outward from burr knots into vascular tissue can ultimately cause tree decline and death. Chlorpyrifos is the most effective insecticide for controlling dogwood borer. A supplemental label in the United States permits post-bloom, trunk drench applications of chlorpyrifos specifically for control of borers in apple, with several restrictions that preclude control of infestations higher in the tree. The ongoing review of pesticide tolerances dictated by the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act of the United States of America makes the long-term availability of this chemical uncertain. Cultural practices, such as deeper planting or berming, can reduce the likelihood of infestation of new apple plantings by dogwood borer, although they do not preclude infestations from developing above the graft union. This review and discussion is based on our contention that research toward the development of alternative, behaviorally based management strategies for dogwood borer in apple and other economically important host plants is warranted. Our review and synthesis of the dogwood borer literature revealed important gaps in knowledge about basic aspects of its biology that pertain directly to the development of alternative control tactics based on behavioral manipulation. There is considerable confusion surrounding the sex pheromone of dogwood borer and conflicting results on the response of males to isomers and blends of isomers of its purported pheromone. Studies using sex attractants to monitor its phenology in apple and non-apple habitats have yielded discrepant results and conclusions. Differences in the effectiveness of commercially available pheromone lures for trapping dogwood borer have been reported and the ability of pheromone traps to accurately reflect emergence or population density remains in question. Regardless of pronounced differences in the duration and modality of the seasonal flight of dogwood borer among different geographical regions within its range, the conclusion of univoltinism across most of its range has been perpetuated, based on extremely limited developmental data collected exclusively from individuals that developed on dogwood. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Entomol, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bergh, JC (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Entomol, 595 Laurel Grove Rd, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. EM cbergh@vt.edu NR 76 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 135 IS 5 BP 615 EP 635 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 729AZ UT WOS:000185749700001 ER PT J AU Hansen, EM Bentz, BJ AF Hansen, EM Bentz, BJ TI Comparison of reproductive capacity among univoltine, semivoltine, and re-emerged parent spruce beetles (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; RUFIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; BARK BEETLES; SURVIVAL; DIAPAUSE; LENGTH; FUNGI; SIZE AB New spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), adults of univoltine and semivoltine life cycles, as well as re-emerged parent beetles, were laboratory-tested for differences in reproductive capacity and brood characteristics. Parameters measured from the three groups include dry weight, lipid content, and egg production. Brood characteristics measured include egg length, development rates, and survival densities. Although there were some differences in dry weight and lipid content, females from the univoltine, semivoltine, and re-emerged parent groups did not greatly differ in egg production. Egg length was slightly smaller for eggs from univoltine parents, but other measured brood characteristics did not differ among the three parent groups, including the density of the surviving brood. In a field study, re-emerged parent beetles were determined to be flight capable. These findings imply that populations with univoltine broods will have higher growth rates than semivoltine populations. Consequently, the presence of univoltine broods, which is weather dependent, increases the risk of a beetle outbreak or can accelerate the rate of spruce mortality in an established outbreak. These results also indicate that re-emerged parent beetles can contribute substantially to brood production. Suppression strategies can be more effective if managers consider the ecological consequences of brood production from the three parent groups. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Hansen, EM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 860 North 1200 East, Logan, UT 84321 USA. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 135 IS 5 BP 697 EP 712 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 729AZ UT WOS:000185749700007 ER PT J AU Foster, SP Morris, BD Charlet, LD Gross, T Grugel, S AF Foster, SP Morris, BD Charlet, LD Gross, T Grugel, S TI Identification of the sex pheromone of Cochylis arthuri (Lepidoptera : Cochylidae) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BANDED SUNFLOWER MOTH; HOSPES AB The sex pheromone of Cochylis arthuri Dang was identified s a 80:20 mixture of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc) and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:OAc). Cochylis arthuri is a congener of the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham, which is a major pest of sunflower, Helianthus spp. (Compositae), in the Great Plains region of North America. Both are found sympatrically on sunflower in this region, although C. arthuri appears to be less common. Field testing of various blends, in sticky traps, showed that a loading of 80 mug Z11-14:OAc and 20 mug E11-14:OAc on a red rubber septum gave the best catches. In field trials in sunflower plots, traps baited with either the C. hospes blend or the best blend tested for C. arthuri only caught significant numbers, relative to blank traps, of males of the respective species, suggesting that the sex pheromones of the two species are specific under those conditions. The identification of an attractive blend of the sex pheromone of C. arthuri will give researchers another tool to investigate the pest status of C. arthuri on sunflowers. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Foster, SP (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, POB 5346, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 135 IS 5 BP 713 EP 719 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 729AZ UT WOS:000185749700008 ER PT J AU Sun, JH Gillette, NE Miao, ZW Kang, L Zhang, ZN Owen, DR Stein, JD AF Sun, JH Gillette, NE Miao, ZW Kang, L Zhang, ZN Owen, DR Stein, JD TI Verbenone interrupts attraction to host volatiles and reduces attack on Pinus tabuliformis (Pinaceae) by Dendroctonus valens (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) in the People's Republic of China SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TURPENTINE BEETLE COLEOPTERA; BARK BEETLES; INHIBITORS VERBENONE; SLASH PINES; MONOTERPENES; BREVICOMIS; RESPONSES; PONDEROSAE; IPSDIENOL; INSECTS AB The introduced red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte, is one of the most economically important forest pests in the People's Republic of China, having killed more than 6 million pines in recent years. There is an urgent need to develop effective behavioral chemicals to monitor and control D. valens in the People's Republic of China, as well as in its native range in North America. We tested host kairomones as a 1:1:1 blend of alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, and Delta-3-carene (releasing in the same proportions) for monitoring D. valens populations in the People's Republic of China. We also tested two release systems of verbenone for protection of Pinus tabuliformis Lawson from D. valens attack: (1) polyethylene bubblecaps (BCs) filled with 800 mg of nearly pure verbenone (releasing 18 mg/tree per day) and (2) a sprayable water suspension of microencapsulated (MEC) verbenone (releasing about 100 mg/tree per day). The host-volatile blend trapped substantial numbers of both sexes of adult beetles, up to 15 beetles per day, proving its potential for monitoring. Both of the verbenone release systems significantly reduced D. valens trap catch, and there was no difference between the BC treatment and the MEC treatment. Both release systems also reduced beetle attack on trees to the same level as unbaited controls, from a mean of 5.1 per tree to a mean of 0.7 per tree (for both release systems), suggesting that the treatments may also reduce tree mortality. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Forestry Dept Shanxi Province, Pest Control Stn, Taiyuan 030012, Peoples R China. Calif Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Redding, CA 96002 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Gillette, NE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. NR 43 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 135 IS 5 BP 721 EP 732 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 729AZ UT WOS:000185749700009 ER PT J AU Davis, TA Suryawan, A Bush, JA O'Connor, RMJ Thivierge, MC AF Davis, TA Suryawan, A Bush, JA O'Connor, RMJ Thivierge, MC TI Interaction of amino acids and insulin in the regulation of protein metabolism in growing animals SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the CSAS/ADSA/ASAS CY JUL 20-25, 2002 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP CSAS, ADSA, ASAS DE muscle; pigs; neonate; protein synthesis; insulin; amino acids ID INITIATION-FACTOR 4E; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; NEONATAL PIGS; SIGNALING PATHWAY; WHOLE-BODY; STIMULATED PHOSPHORYLATION; TRANSLATION INITIATION; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; POSTABSORPTIVE RATS; LEUCINE KINETICS AB Young animals utilize their dietary amino acids more efficiently for growth because they are capable of a greater increase in tissue protein synthesis in response to feeding than older animals. This response to feeding is particularly profound in skeletal muscle. The feeding-induced stimulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle is uniquely and independently regulated by both insulin and amino acids. In most visceral tissues, the stimulation of protein synthesis by feeding is mediated by amino acids alone and not by insulin. The stimulation of protein synthesis by nutrition and hormones is regulated by alterations in the expression and activity of components of the intracellular signaling pathways that control the initiation of translation. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA STE 1112, 141 LAURIER AVE WEST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA SN 0008-3984 J9 CAN J ANIM SCI JI Can. J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 83 IS 3 BP 357 EP 364 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 742CK UT WOS:000186497800003 ER PT J AU Anderson, KL AF Anderson, KL TI The complex world of gastrointestinal bacteria SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE gastrointestinal bacteria; bacteria; gastrointestinal tract; ruminal bacteria; biofilms; quorum-sensing; colonic bacteria ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA BIOFILMS; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; GERM-FREE MICE; ANAEROBE BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS; NATURAL HORIZONTAL TRANSFER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI STRAINS; QUORUM-SENSING SIGNALS; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; EARLY-WEANED CALVES AB The world of gastrointestinal (GI) bacteria is one of the most complex and intricate of the microbial domain. These bacteria are confronted with a constantly changing (and often hostile) environment, including fluctuations in both physical and chemical conditions. Neighboring microorganisms not only contend for substrate but even launch complex chemical attacks with the apparent purpose of disrupting the activity of their competitors. Yet, some species not only survive, they even flourish, in the GI tract because they possess the ability to adapt to these environmental fluctuations and assaults from other microbes. Such adaptation involves sophisticated programs in the bacterial cell that enable it to monitor its environment and make necessary adjustments of physiological activity and gene expression. Among these adjustments is the ability of cell-to-cell communication, biofilm formation, regulation of cytoplasmic pH, and maintenance of genetic diversity through mutation and horizontal gene transfer. As a consequence, bacteria in the GI tract often manifest very different physiological features than are observed for the same bacteria during routine laboratory cultivation. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Anderson, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Swine Res & Informat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM anderson@nsric.ars.usda.gov NR 223 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-3984 J9 CAN J ANIM SCI JI Can. J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 83 IS 3 BP 409 EP 427 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 742CK UT WOS:000186497800009 ER PT J AU Hennon, P McClellan, M AF Hennon, P McClellan, M TI Tree mortality and forest structure in the temperate rain forests of southeast Alaska SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; CANOPY GAPS; CHAMAECYPARIS-NOOTKATENSIS; WINDTHROW DISTURBANCE; WESTERN HEMLOCK; SITKA SPRUCE; DYNAMICS; RECONSTRUCTION; ECOSYSTEMS; STANDS AB Tree mortality in 27 old-growth stands at three locales in southeast Alaska was evaluated to determine how types of tree death contributed to stand structure and the production of woody debris and to interpret small-scale disturbance. Basal area, density of stems, and the condition of dead trees were described for each tree species. Dead trees with broken boles were observed most frequently, followed by dead standing intact and uprooted trees. The frequencies of dead trees within snag and log deterioration classes indicated that most trees died standing and subsequently broke. Reconstructed annual mortality rates for overstory trees averaged 0.3-0.5%.year(-1) for the three locales and were relatively stable through the previous century. Tree fall direction for both uprooted and broken trees aligned significantly with the downslope direction. All three types of tree mortality contributed substantially to structural diversity, reflecting a high degree of complexity associated with small-scale disturbance at these three study locales. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. State & Private Forestry, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Hennon, P (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 61 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1621 EP 1634 DI 10.1139/X03-081 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 721LU UT WOS:000185318500004 ER PT J AU Fraedrich, SW Dwinell, LD AF Fraedrich, SW Dwinell, LD TI The effects of soil fumigation on pine seedling production, weeds, foliar and soil nutrients, and soilborne microorganisms at a south Georgia (USA) forest tree nursery SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; BLACK ROOT ROT; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; BIOLOGY; TRICHODERMA; AMMONIUM; GROWTH; DAMAGE AB Pine seedling production and pest problems were evaluated in plots fumigated with methyl bromide and nonfumigated plots over a 6-year period at a Georgia nursery. Fumigation increased bed densities for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in 1996 and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) in 1998; differences were not observed between treatments in other years. The root collar diameter, height, and root and shoot masses of loblolly pine seedlings were often greater in fumigated plots during the first 3 years. Morphological characteristics rarely differed between treatments for slash pine. The primary pest problem was nutsedge (Cyperus spp.); most other weeds were controlled with herbicides used operationally at the nursery. Plant-parasitic nematode populations did not increase over time and were not a problem. Although Fusarium and Pythium spp. were more common in soil and on roots in nonfumigated plots, evidence of disease was rare. Fumigation increased the abundance of and changed the composition of Trichoderma spp. in soil and on roots. Soil manganese and iron, and foliar manganese, phosphorus, and nitrogen were greater in the fumigation treatment in some years. A better understanding of the risks of soilborne diseases may facilitate the development of pest management programs that are more cost-effective. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Fraedrich, SW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM sfraedrich@fs.fed.us NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1698 EP 1708 DI 10.1139/X03-084 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 721LU UT WOS:000185318500011 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW Fiedler, CE Milner, KS AF Woodall, CW Fiedler, CE Milner, KS TI Intertree competition in uneven-aged ponderosa pine stands SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BASAL AREA GROWTH; CANOPY LEAF-AREA; INDIVIDUAL TREES; PREDICTING GROWTH; BLACK SPRUCE; EFFICIENCY; INDEXES; MODEL; HEIGHT; MAINE AB Intertree competition indices and effects were examined in 14 uneven-aged ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.) stands in eastern Montana. Location, height, diameter at breast height (DBH), basal area increment, crown ratio, and sapwood area were determined for each tree (DBH >3.8 cm) on one stem-mapped plot (0.2-0.4 ha) in each sample stand. Based on tree locations, various competition indices were derived for each sample tree and correlated with its growth efficiency by diameter class. In addition, trends in individual tree attributes by diameter class and level of surrounding competition were determined. For trees with a DBH <10 cm, growth efficiency was most strongly correlated with the sum of surrounding tree heights within 10.6 m. The index most highly correlated for larger trees was the sum of surrounding basal area within 6.1 m. Regardless of tree size, individual tree growth efficiency, basal area increment, and crown ratio all decreased under increasing levels of competition, with the effect more pronounced in smaller trees. These results suggest that individual trees in uneven-aged stands experience competition from differing sources at varying scales based on their size, with response to competition diminishing as tree size increases. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 NR 36 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1719 EP 1726 DI 10.1139/X03-096 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 721LU UT WOS:000185318500013 ER PT J AU Six, DL Bentz, BJ AF Six, DL Bentz, BJ TI Fungi associated with the North American spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; BARK BEETLES; LEPTOGRAPHIUM-ABIETINUM; MYCANGIAL FUNGI; COLEOPTERA-SCOLYTIDAE; FRONTALIS COLEOPTERA; CERATOCYSTIS-MINOR; SYMBIOTIC FUNGI; WHITE SPRUCE; CONIFERS AB Fungi were isolated from individual Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) collected from six populations in Alaska, Colorado, Utah, and Minnesota, U.S.A. In all populations, Leptographium abietinum (Peck) Wingfield was the most commonly isolated mycelial fungus (91-100% of beetles). All beetles in all populations were associated with yeasts and some with only yeasts (0-5%). In one population, Ophiostoma ips (Rumbold) Nannf. was also present on 5% of the beetles but always in combination with L. abietinum and yeasts. Ophiostoma piceae (Munch) H. & P. Sydow was found on 2% of beetles in another population. Ceratocystis rufipenni Wingfield, Harrington & Solheim, previously reported as an associate of D. rufipennis, was not isolated from beetles in this study. Ceratocystis rufipenni is a virulent pathogen of host Picea, which has led to speculation that C. rufipenni aids the beetle in overcoming tree defenses and therefore contributes positively to the overall success of the beetle during colonization. However, our results, considered along with those of others, indicate that C. rufipenni may be absent from many populations of D. rufipennis and may be relatively rare in those populations in which it is found. If this is true, C. rufipenni may be only a minor or incidental associate of D. rufipennis and, as such, not likely to have significant impacts on beetle success or population dynamics. Alternatively, the rarity of C. rufipenni in our and others isolations may be due to difficulties in isolating this fungus in the presence of other faster growing fungi such as L. abietinum. C1 Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forest Sci Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Six, DL (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. NR 32 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1815 EP 1820 DI 10.1139/X03-107 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 721LU UT WOS:000185318500023 ER PT J AU Paulitz, TC Zhang, H Cook, RJ AF Paulitz, TC Zhang, H Cook, RJ TI Spatial distribution of Rhizoctonia oryzae and rhizoctonia root rot in direct-seeded cereals SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE global positioning system; spatial generalized linear mixed model; beta-binomial distribution; precision agriculture; geostatistics ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; WINTER-WHEAT; WHITE CLOVER; SOLANI AG-8; TAKE-ALL; DISEASE; TILLAGE; BARLEY; PATCH AB Rhizoctonia oryzae causes root rot and stunting of wheat, barley, and other small grains, and is widely distributed in eastern Washington State. The spatial distribution of both the pathogen and the disease were studied over two seasons in a 36-ha field north of Pullman, Wash. The field was direct seeded with spring barley in 2000, then divided and planted to winter wheat and spring wheat in 2001. The incidence of crown-root rot and root colonization by R. oryzae were measured on plants taken from 95 sites 30-100 m apart on a nonaligned grid, localized by global positioning system. The incidence of crown-root rot was low, averaging 18, 16, and 13% on the spring barley, spring wheat, and winter wheat, respectively. The incidence of root colonization by R. oryzae was even lower, averaging 4, <1, and 2% on the spring barley, spring wheat, and winter wheat, respectively. The frequency distributions were highly skewed, with a high frequency of zero or low values. The distributions were fit to a beta-binomial distribution, indicating an aggregated or overdispersed distribution. Because of the highly skewed data, traditional geostatistical approaches did not show spatial correlation. However, a spatial generalized linear mixed model did show spatial correlation and was used to interpolate values to produce pathogen and disease distribution maps. This large-scale mapping of soilborne pathogens may have applications in precision agriculture. C1 USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Program Stat, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Paulitz, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 25 IS 3 BP 295 EP 303 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 734VY UT WOS:000186079700009 ER PT J AU Danelishvili, L McGarvey, J Li, YJ Bermudez, LE AF Danelishvili, L McGarvey, J Li, YJ Bermudez, LE TI Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection causes different levels of apoptosis and necrosis in human macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells SO CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-CALMETTE-GUERIN; HEPARIN-BINDING HEMAGGLUTININ; RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN; MEDIATED APOPTOSIS; MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; MURINE MACROPHAGES; CHLAMYDIA-PSITTACI; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS AB Mycobacterium tuberculosis interacts with macrophages and epithelial cells in the alveolar space of the lung, where it is able to invade and replicate in both cell types. M. tuberculosis-associated cytotoxicity to these cells has been well documented, but the mechanisms of host cell death are not well understood. We examined the induction of apoptosis and necrosis of human macrophages (U937) and type 11 alveolar epithelial cells (A549) by virulent (H37Rv) and attenuated (H37Ra) M. tuberculosis strains. Apoptosis was determined by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay, whereas necrosis was evaluated by the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Both virulent and attenuated M. tuberculosis induced apoptosis in macrophages; however, the attenuated strain resulted in significantly more apoptosis than the virulent strain after 5 days of infection. In contrast, cytotoxicity of alveolar cells was the result of necrosis, but not apoptosis. Although infection with M. tuberculosis strains resulted in apoptosis of 14% of the cells on the monolayer, cell death associated with necrosis was observed in 59% of alveolar epithelial cells after 5 days of infection. Infection with M. tuberculosis suppressed apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells induced by the kinase inhibitor, staurosporine. Because our findings suggest that M. tuberculosis can modulate the apoptotic response of macrophages and epithelial cells, we carried out an apoptosis pathway-specific cDNA microarray analysis of human macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells. Whereas the inhibitors of apoptosis, bcl-2 and Rb, were upregulated over 2.5-fold in infected (48 h) alveolar epithelial cells, the proapoptotic genes, bad and bax, were downregulated. The opposite was observed when U937 macrophages were infected with M. tuberculosis. Upon infection of alveolar epithelial cells with M. tuberculosis, the generation of apoptosis, as determined by the expression of caspase-1, caspase-3 and caspase-10, was inhibited. Inhibition of replication of intracellular bacteria resulted in an increase in apoptosis in both cell types. Our results showed that the differential induction of apoptosis between macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells represents specific strategies of M. tuberculosis for survival in the host. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Res Inst, Kuzell Inst Arthrit & Infect Dis, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94701 USA. RP Bermudez, LE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, 106 Dryden Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. OI Danelishvili, Lia/0000-0003-1390-3121 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI-47101] NR 62 TC 119 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-5814 J9 CELL MICROBIOL JI Cell Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 5 IS 9 BP 649 EP 660 DI 10.1046/j.1462-5822.2003-00312.x PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Microbiology SC Cell Biology; Microbiology GA 719VZ UT WOS:000185226900008 PM 12925134 ER PT J AU Bean, SR AF Bean, SR TI Evaluation of novel precast SDS-PAGE gels for separation of sorghum proteins SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS SEPARATION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; MAIZE; BUFFER; LINES AB Precast polyacrylamide gels using novel buffer chemistry for enhanced resolution and shelf life stability of the gels were evaluated for separating sorghum proteins. Two gels with different acrylamide concentrations, 12 and 4-12%, were tested with two different buffer systems. Gels were evaluated for separation resolution, as well as protein solubility problems such as streaking. High-resolution separations were obtained for all the major classes of kernel proteins using these gels. Run times were typically 45-60 min, producing relatively rapid separations. Resolution was significantly affected by the buffer system used. The use of precast gradient gels eliminates the need for casting gradient gels for routine analysis of sorghum proteins and avoids handling the toxic acrylamide monomer. This system will be useful for routine separations of sorghum proteins as well as for research programs using SDS-PAGE to screen sorghum lines for digestibility or for other protein-related quality factors. C1 ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Bean, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 80 IS 5 BP 500 EP 504 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.5.500 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 721GZ UT WOS:000185309800002 ER PT J AU Bean, SR Tilley, M AF Bean, SR Tilley, M TI Separation of water-soluble proteins from cereals by high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-AMYLASE-INHIBITOR; ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; CULTIVAR DIFFERENTIATION; STORAGE PROTEINS; BAKERS ASTHMA; WHEAT; REPRODUCIBILITY; IDENTIFICATION; FRACTIONATION; PEROXIDASE AB Most research concerning grain proteins has concentrated on the gluten storage proteins. The albumins and globulins are the water- and salt-soluble proteins that contain biologically active enzymes and enzyme inhibitors. A free-zone capillary electrophoresis method was developed to separate these proteins. Optimization included sample extraction method, capillary temperature, buffer composition, and additives. The optimal conditions for separation of these proteins was 50 mum i.d. x 27 cm (20 cm to detector) capillary at 10 kV (with a 0.17 min ramp-up time) and 25degrees C. The optimum buffer was 50 m m sodium phosphate, pH 2.5 + 20% acetonitrile (v/v) (ACN) + 0.05% (w/v) hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose (HPMC) + 50 mM hexane sulfonic acid (HSA). Sample stability was an issue that was addressed by lyophilizing fresh extracts and redissolving in aqueous 50% ethylene glycol and 10% separation buffer. This method was successfully used in both wheat flour and whole meal samples. Comparisons were made of several wheats of different classes as well as several cereal grains. This methodology could be useful in screening cereal grains for important enzymes and their impact on end-use quality such as food functionality, food coloration, and matting quality. C1 ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Bean, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 35 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 80 IS 5 BP 505 EP 510 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.5.505 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 721GZ UT WOS:000185309800003 ER PT J AU Budak, H Baenziger, PS Graybosch, RA Beecher, BS Eskridge, KM Shipman, MJ AF Budak, H Baenziger, PS Graybosch, RA Beecher, BS Eskridge, KM Shipman, MJ TI Genetic and environmental effects on dough mixing characteristics and agronomic performance of diverse hard red winter wheat genotypes SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID END-USE QUALITY; PROBABILITY AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with short mixing times usually have low mixing tolerance values, which make them more sensitive to overmixing in commercial bread production. In this study, we evaluated the genotypic and environmental effects on agronomic performance and end-use quality of 27 experimental genotypes (hereafter referred to as mixing tolerant genotypes) which were identified in an initial screen as having short mixing times and good mixing tolerances to 1) determine whether genotypes identified in a preliminary end-use quality screen as lines with usually long tolerances but short mixing times were due to their genotype (G), the environment (E), or G x E; and as these results were unusual, 2) determine whether or not our initial screen predicts end-use quality, and 3) determine the stability of both agronomic and end-use quality traits. The 27 genotypes and five check cultivars were grown in a randomized complete block design with two replicates in nine environments in 1997 and 1998. All plots were harvested for grain yield. The harvested grain from the first replicate and random genotypes from the second replicate were micromilled to produce flour samples for evaluation of flour yield, protein content, and mixograph mixing time and mixing tolerance values. Seed diameter, thousand kernel weight, and kernel hardness were also measured in three environments. Environment, G, and G x E interaction effects (mainly changes in magnitude) were significant for most agronomic and end-use quality parameters. Our initial screen, which had identified 27 genotypes, was partially effective in identifying genotypes that have shorter mixing time values compared with their mixing tolerance values. We identified four genotypes (15%) from the mixing tolerant genotypes that had a good mixing tolerance value and relatively shorter mixing time, as did the released cultivars 'Agate' and 'Scout 66'. However, mixing characteristics values of all genotypes fell within the acceptable limits, indicating our screen effectively identified genotypes with acceptable quality. Mixing tolerant genotypes, which had been identified as having short mixing time scores and long mixing tolerance scores, were considered stable across environments. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biometry, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Baenziger, PS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RI Budak, Hikmet/F-4708-2010; Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Budak, Hikmet/0000-0002-2556-2478; Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 11 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 80 IS 5 BP 518 EP 523 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.5.518 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 721GZ UT WOS:000185309800005 ER PT J AU Dokuyucu, T Peterson, DM Akkaya, A AF Dokuyucu, T Peterson, DM Akkaya, A TI Contents of antioxidant compounds in Turkish oats: Simple phenolics and avenanthramide concentrations SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-TREATMENT; GROATS; ACIDS; IDENTIFICATION; STORAGE; VARIETY; ESTERS; HULLS AB Antioxidant products such as simple phenolic compounds and avenanthramides in oat (Avena sativa L.) may have health-promoting effects on humans. Therefore, it is very important to determine simple phenolics and avenanthramide concentrations of different genotypes of oats from different regions of the world. The aim of this research was to determine the concentrations of simple phenolics and avenanthramides of Turkish oat genotypes. According to the results, Turkish oat genotypes were significantly different for three major avenanthramides (Bc, Bp, and Bf) and the simple phenolic, ferulic acid (FA), while not significantly different for p-coumaric acid (PCA). Ferulic acid concentrations of Turkish oat genotypes were higher than a standard U.S. cultivar, Belle. However, the major avenanthramide concentrations of Turkish oat genotypes were significantly lower than Belle. C1 KSU, Fac Agr, Field Crops Dept, TR-46060 Kahramanmaras, Turkey. ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. RP Dokuyucu, T (reprint author), KSU, Fac Agr, Field Crops Dept, TR-46060 Kahramanmaras, Turkey. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 80 IS 5 BP 542 EP 543 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.5.542 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 721GZ UT WOS:000185309800009 ER PT J AU Wu, YV Payne-Wahl, KL Vaughn, SF AF Wu, YV Payne-Wahl, KL Vaughn, SF TI Analysis of headspace volatiles of corn gluten meal SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; DISTILLERS GRAINS; FLAVOR AB Corn gluten meal is the high-protein fraction from wet milling of corn. Although protein, minerals. and fat compositions have been reported, minor components that cause unpleasant flavor and taste are not known. The objective of this study was to determine the compounds present in headspace of corn gluten meal and wet cake (dryer feed). A solid-phase microextraction device with a polyacrylate coating was used to collect volatiles for 1 hr at 25 and 100degreesC above a stirred water slurry of corn gluten meal or wet cake. The absorbed compounds were desorbed onto the inlet injector of a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass selective detector. Compound identification was done using a Wiley library and confirmed by retention time of pure compounds in the gas chromatograph. Twenty-nine compounds were identified. Knowledge concerning volatiles of corn gluten meal may lead to improvement of flavor and taste, and increased utilization of this material, produced over 1 million metric tons per year in the United States. C1 ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Wu, YV (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, NCAUR, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 80 IS 5 BP 567 EP 569 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.5.567 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 721GZ UT WOS:000185309800015 ER PT J AU Doehlert, DC McMullen, MS AF Doehlert, DC McMullen, MS TI Identification of sprout damage in oats SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FALLING NUMBER; VISCOSITY; GRAIN; WHEAT; SLURRIES; BARLEY; WHOLE AB Sprout damage of oats can occur when mature grain is left in the field after maturity and rainfall induces the germination process in the seeds. Although characteristics of sprout damage have been described thoroughly in many grains including wheat, rye, triticale, and barley, such characteristics have not been identified in oats. During a field study of oat quality, one site exhibited much higher rates of groat breakage during dehulling than other sites. Determination of falling number values on groat flour and a visual inspection of the grain suggested that the higher rates of groat breakage were associated with sprout damage. This hypothesis was confirmed with artificially sprouted oats, where sprouted grain exhibited lower falling numbers and lower stirring number values, suggesting increased alpha-amylase activity in the sprouted oats. Sprouted oats exhibited much more breakage during dehulling, decreased beta-glucan concentration, and decreased beta-glucan integrity, as evaluated from the viscosity of steamed groat flour slurries. We suggest that the increased breakage was a result of the weakening of cell walls, as evidenced by the loss of beta-glucan concentration and integrity. C1 N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Harris Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 80 IS 5 BP 608 EP 612 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.5.608 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 721GZ UT WOS:000185309800021 ER PT J AU Herrmann, LM Cheevers, WP Marshall, KL McGuire, TC Hutton, MM Lewis, GS Knowles, DP AF Herrmann, LM Cheevers, WP Marshall, KL McGuire, TC Hutton, MM Lewis, GS Knowles, DP TI Detection of serum antibodies to ovine progressive pneumonia virus in sheep by using a caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAEDI-VISNA VIRUS; LENTIVIRUS INFECTIONS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SEROLOGIC DIAGNOSIS; SMALL RUMINANTS; PROTEIN ELISA; WHOLE VIRUS; SAMPLES AB A competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for detection of antibodies to the surface envelope (SU) of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) was recently reported (L. M. Herrmann, W. P. Cheevers, T. C. McGuire, D. Scott Adams, M. M. Hutton, W. G. Gavin, and D. P. Knowles, Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 10:267-271, 2003). The cELISA utilizes CAEV-63 SU captured on microtiter plates using the monoclonal antibody (MAb) F7-299 and measures competitive displacement of binding of the anti-CAEV MAb GPB 74A by goat serum. The present study evaluated the CAEV cELISA for detection of antibodies to ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) in sheep. Three hundred thirty-two sera were randomly selected from 21,373 sheep sera collected throughout the United States to determine the sensitivity and specificity of cELISA and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) based on immunoprecipitation (IP) of [S-35] methionine-labeled OPPV antigens as a standard of comparison. A positive cELISA test was defined as >20.9 percent inhibition (% I) of MAb 74A binding based on two standard deviations above the mean % I of 191 IP-negative sheep sera. At this cutoff, there were 2 of 141 false-negative sera (98.6% sensitivity) and 6 of 191 false-positive sera (96.9% specificity). Sensitivity and specificity values for IP-monitored AGID were comparable to those for cELISA for 314 of 332 sera with unambiguous AGID results. Concordant results by cELISA and IP resolved 16 of the 18 sera that were indeterminate by AGID. Additional studies evaluated cELISA by using 539 sera from a single OPPV-positive flock. Based on IP of 36 of these sera, there was one false-negative by cELISA among 21 IP-positive sera (95.5% sensitivity) and 0 of 15 false-positives (100% specificity). We conclude that the CAEV cELISA can be applied to detection of OPPV antibodies in sheep with high sensitivity and specificity. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83425 USA. RP Herrmann, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 862 EP 865 DI 10.1128/CDLI.10.5.862-865.2003 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 722NQ UT WOS:000185383000022 PM 12965917 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Palmer, MV Whipple, DL Carlson, MP Nonnecke, BJ AF Waters, WR Palmer, MV Whipple, DL Carlson, MP Nonnecke, BJ TI Diagnostic implications of antigen-induced gamma interferon, nitric oxide, and tumor necrosis factor alpha production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BONE-MARROW MACROPHAGES; TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; MURINE MACROPHAGES; GROWTH-INHIBITION; UP-REGULATION; ESAT-6; SYNTHASE; MICE AB Bovine tuberculosis in the United States has proven costly to cattle producers as well as to government regulatory agencies. While in vivo responsiveness to myrobacterial antigens is the current standard for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, in vitro assays are gaining acceptance, especially as ancillary or complementary tests. To evaluate in vitro indices of cellular sensitization, antigen-induced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) responses by blood mononuclear cells from Mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle were quantified and compared. Using an aerosol model of infection, two doses of each of two strains of M. bovis (95-1315 and HC-2045T) were used to induce a range of IFN-gamma, NO, and TNF-alpha responses. Infection-specific increases in NO, but not in IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha, were detected in nonstimulated cultures at 48 111, a finding that is indicative of nonspecific activation and spontaneous release of NO. The infective dose of M. bovis organisms also influenced responses. At 34 days postinfection, IFN-gamma, NO, and TNF-alpha responses in antigen-stimulated cells from cattle receiving 10(5) CFU of M. bovis organisms were greater than responses of cells from cattle infected with 10(3) CFU of M. bovis organisms. The NO response, but not the IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha responses, was influenced by infective strains of M. bovis. The TNF-alpha, NO, and IFN-gamma responses followed similar kinetics, with strong positive associations among the three readouts. Overall, these findings indicate that NO and TNF-alpha, like IFN-gamma, may prove useful as indices for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Nebraska, Toxicol Lab, Vet Diagnost Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70,2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 10 IS 5 BP 960 EP 966 DI 10.1128/CDLI.10.5.960-966.2003 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 722NQ UT WOS:000185383000039 PM 12965934 ER PT J AU Fleming, SD Mastellos, D Karpel-Massler, G Shea-Donohue, T Lambris, JD Tsokos, GC AF Fleming, SD Mastellos, D Karpel-Massler, G Shea-Donohue, T Lambris, JD Tsokos, GC TI C5a causes limited, polymorphonuclear cell-independent, mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE complement; neutrophils; inflammation; rodent; mucosa; adhesion molecules ID ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; REMOTE ORGAN INJURY; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ALPHA(4) INTEGRIN; HUMAN NEUTROPHILS; MICE DEFICIENT; IN-VITRO; COMPLEMENT; INHIBITION AB C5 is critical in the development of local mucosal damage and inflammation as well as in the development of remote organ injury after mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion (IR). To define the role of C5a in tissue injury, we treated wild-type mice with a cyclic hexapeptide C5a receptor antagonist (C5aRa) and administered recombinant C5a to C5 deficient (C5(-/-)) mice subjected to mesenteric IR. We demonstrate that at 2-h postreperfusion, C5a administered to C5(-/-) mice during IR induces limited intestinal mucosal injury but failed to cause remote lung injury despite the fact that it upregulated adhesion molecule expression. C5aRa treatment of C5+/+ mice undergoing IR limited local injury and prevented distant organ injury. We conclude that although C5a can trigger certain components of the IR induced injury, other mediators such as C5b-9 and local factors are needed for the complete expression of IR tissue damage. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fleming, SD (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Cellular Injury, Room 1A32,Bldg 503,Robert Grant Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. OI Lambris, John/0000-0002-9370-5776 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI49316]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01-GM62134] NR 44 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 108 IS 3 BP 263 EP 273 DI 10.1016/S1521-6616(03)00160-8 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 724BW UT WOS:000185467800012 PM 14499250 ER PT J AU Mahama, AA Palmer, RG AF Mahama, AA Palmer, RG TI Translocation breakpoints in soybean classical genetic linkage groups 6 and 8 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Transgenic Pest-Resistant Crops held at the Annual ASA-CSSA-SSA Meeting CY OCT 23, 2003 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA SP ASA, CSSA, SSA ID INHERITANCE; CYTOLOGY; MUTANT; LOCUS; MS1 AB Reciprocal chromosome translocations are important for locating genes to linkage groups (LGs). Identifying the chromosomes involved in translocations is necessary for the isolation of tester sets. Our objectives were (i) to determine the location of translocation breakpoints by testing linkage with loci of Classical Linkage Group (CLG) 6 (Df(2) and Y-11), CLG 8 (Adh(1), Ms-1, Wm, Ms-6, St(5), W-1, and Y-23), and other CLGs, and (ii) to confirm the orientation of these nine marker loci. The 'KS172-11-3', 'KS175-7-3', 'Clark T/T', 'KS171-31-2', PI 189866, and IL75-0283-4' soybean lines with homozygous chromosome translocations were crossed to the same genetic marker types. F-2 seed was increased at the University of Puerto Rico/Iowa State University soybean nursery near Isabela, PR. Data for the different characters used as marker traits were collected from F-2 populations and F-2:3 families. Recombination values revealed linkage between the breakpoints in KS172-11-3, KS175-7-3, and Clark TIT, with Df(2), Y-11, and several loci of CLG 8. Interestingly, these three translocations had a common breakpoint between Y-11 and Ms-1, but no linkage was identified between these loci and the breakpoints in KS171-31-2, PI 189866, and L75-0283-4. Our data further showed that CLGs 6 and 8 are the same LG, with Df(2) and Adh(1) at the ends of the chromosome segment. KS172-11-3, KS175-7-3, and Clark T/T share a common translocated chromosome which is different from that in KS171-31-2, PI 189866, and L75-0283-4. This information will facilitate the assignment of CLGs and the isolation of a tester set of translocations, and enhance genetic linkage mapping. C1 USDA, ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron & Zool Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA USA. RP Palmer, RG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1602 EP 1609 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300005 ER PT J AU Burnham, KD Dorrance, AE VanToai, TT Martin, SKS AF Burnham, KD Dorrance, AE VanToai, TT Martin, SKS TI Quantitative trait loci for partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Transgenic Pest-Resistant Crops held at the Annual ASA-CSSA-SSA Meeting CY OCT 23, 2003 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA SP ASA, CSSA, SSA ID F SP GLYCINEA; RATE-REDUCING RESISTANCE; SEQUENCE REPEAT MARKERS; SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; STEM ROT; PLANT INTRODUCTIONS; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; TOLERANCE; GENES AB Partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae Kauffmann and Gerdemann in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is expressed as a reduced level of root rot and is effective against all populations of the pathogen. The objective of this study was to identify simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers associated with putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for partial resistance to P. sojae in the soybean 'Conrad'. Three recombinant inbred soybean populations, Conrad X 'Sloan', Conrad X 'Harosoy', and Conrad X 'Williams', were evaluated for root lesion growth rate in growth chamber experiments following inoculation with P. sojae and with SSR markers to identify putative QTLs. The three populations segregated for root lesion growth rate after root inoculations. Two putative QTLs donated by Conrad were identified in all three populations and were positioned on soybean molecular linkage groups (MLGs) F and D1b+W. The QTL on MLG F explained 32.4, 35.0, and 21.4% of the genotypic variation for Conrad X Sloan, Conrad X Harosoy, and Conrad X Williams populations, respectively. The QTL on MLG D1b+W explained 10.6, 15.9, and 20.7% of the genotypic variation for the same three populations, respectively. The QTL on MLG F appears to be of more value based on the percentage of genotypic variation explained. Because the results indicate that QTLs for partial resistance to P. sojae map to different regions in soybean compared with the known Rps genes poses a challenge to soybean breeders. Marker-assisted selection may expedite the process of combining both Rps genes with partial resistance into high-yielding cultivars. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA, ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Dorrance, AE (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 51 TC 56 Z9 68 U1 5 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1610 EP 1617 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300006 ER PT J AU Helland, SJ Holland, JB AF Helland, SJ Holland, JB TI Genome-wide genetic diversity among components does not cause cultivar blend responses SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Transgenic Pest-Resistant Crops held at the Annual ASA-CSSA-SSA Meeting CY OCT 23, 2003 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA SP ASA, CSSA, SSA ID MIXTURES; PERFORMANCE; PRODUCTIVITY; WHEAT; COMPETITION; VARIABILITY; MATURITY; GENOTYPE; ABILITY; BARLEY AB Genetically diverse plant populations may be better able to exploit ecological resources and reduce interplant competition than genetically homogeneous populations. Cultivar blends can have greater productivity and yield stability than pure lines; however blend effects are not consistent. The varying levels of genetic diversity represented in blends may confound the interpretations and comparisons of the results of different blend studies. We tested the hypothesis that genetic diversity of blend components is related to blend performance by evaluating blends of a set of five early-maturing and a set of 10 midseason-maturing oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars in two separate experiments at eight Iowa environments. Within each experiment, pure lines and all possible two-way blends were evaluated for grain yield and test weight means and stability and adaptability parameters. The genetic diversity of each blend was estimated by pedigree diversity [1 - coefficient of parentage (COP)], amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)-derived genetic distances (1 - Dice coefficient), and phenotypic diversity (based on height and heading date differences). Blend response was limited in these experiments and was not correlated with any diversity measure, and blend stability parameters were not consistently related to diversity measures across experiments. We also investigated the relationship between pedigree diversity and blend performance in other crops by computing the coefficients of parentage of cultivar pairs used in previous blend studies in maize., soybean, and wheat. Pedigree diversity was correlated with higher blend response only in two of 10 experiment-environment combinations tested. Genome-wide genetic diversity alone does not cause positive crop blend responses. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit,Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Helland, SJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, 351 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1618 EP 1627 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300007 ER PT J AU Kumlay, AM Baenziger, PS Gill, KS Shelton, DR Graybosch, RA Lukaszewski, AJ Wesenberg, DM AF Kumlay, AM Baenziger, PS Gill, KS Shelton, DR Graybosch, RA Lukaszewski, AJ Wesenberg, DM TI Understanding the effect of rye chromatin in bread wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Transgenic Pest-Resistant Crops held at the Annual ASA-CSSA-SSA Meeting CY OCT 23, 2003 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA SP ASA, CSSA, SSA ID STOCKS POSSESSING 1B; AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE; WINTER-WHEAT; 1B/1R TRANSLOCATION; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; FLOUR QUALITY; CHROMOSOMES; 1BL/1RS; 1BL.1RS; LINES AB Most experiments on 1RS translocations in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cannot separate the effects of introgressions of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome arm from the absence of corresponding wheat chromosome arms. The objective of this research was to determine the contribution of individual wheat and rye group 1 chromosome arms. Five group 1 ditelosomics, six substitutions, and 16 translocations of 1R in wheat were compared with appropriate controls. All ditelosomics were significantly different from controls for 100-kernel weight (100-KW), flour protein content (FP), Mixograph peak time (MT) and tolerance (MTO), and sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation (SDSS) volume. Among the long arms, 1DL was the most important for end-use quality and 1AL the least important, ranking even below the 1RL tested. The contribution of all short arms was low. Substitutions of 1R negatively impacted agronomic performance with the long arm being entirely responsible for this effect. Among translocation lines, those with 1RS.1BL had the highest yield and those with 1RS.1DL the lowest. Negative impact of all translocations of 1RS on the end-use quality was far greater than the absence of the corresponding IS arms of wheat. Translocation 1RS.1AL was the least detrimental to quality and 1RS.1DL the most detrimental. Both the source of the rye chromatin and its position in the wheat genome affected agronomic performance and quality. These results suggest that it may be possible to create new translocations of 1RS in wheat with improved performance. Translocation of 1RS to 1AL is preferred from a quality point of view; that to 1BL appears more beneficial for agronomic performance. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Wheat Mkt Ctr, Portland, OR 97209 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Baenziger, PS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1643 EP 1651 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300010 ER PT J AU Milligan, SB Balzarini, M White, WH AF Milligan, SB Balzarini, M White, WH TI Broad-sense heritabilities, genetic correlations, and selection indices for sugarcane borer resistance and their relation to yield loss SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Transgenic Pest-Resistant Crops held at the Annual ASA-CSSA-SSA Meeting CY OCT 23, 2003 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA SP ASA, CSSA, SSA ID LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; DAMAGE AB The sugarcane borer [Diatraea saccharalis (Frabricius)] causes significant damage to sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), rendering cultivar resistance important. Researchers assess borer-induced damage using up to five different measures: percentage bored internodes, percentage exited internodes, pupation success, moth production, and a damage rating. The inheritance of the different damage measures and the best approach to integrate the different variables into a simplified damage-resistance assessment has not been well studied. Furthermore, the relationships of the damage traits to sugar production have not been comparatively assessed. We planted a replicated, two-location test of 28 clones typical of the selection stage screened for borer resistance in the Louisiana sugarcane breeding programs. We recorded the five measures together with sucrose production and its components. Using appropriate variance components, the heritability, expected response to selection, and genetic correlations among the traits were used to construct selection indices of all combinations of the five damage traits studied. We used the regression coefficients of the damage traits on sucrose production as economic weights. The indices indicated that percentage bored internodes was the most effective single trait to reduce sugarcane borer damage. If data collection costs were considered, then the subjectively assessed damage rating was the most expeditious of the traits examined. High correlation values among several of the traits lead to the observation that inclusion of more than the bored internode,, exited internodes, and the damage rating in an index were unnecessary. C1 US State Sugar Corp, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. Univ Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina. USDA, ARS, SRRC, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Milligan, SB (reprint author), US State Sugar Corp, PO Drawer 1207, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1729 EP 1735 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300020 ER PT J AU Beuselinck, PR Steiner, JJ Rim, YW AF Beuselinck, PR Steiner, JJ Rim, YW TI Morphological comparison of progeny derived from 4x-2x and 4x-4x hybridizations of Lotus glaber mill. and L. comiculatus L. SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Transgenic Pest-Resistant Crops held at the Annual ASA-CSSA-SSA Meeting CY OCT 23, 2003 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA SP ASA, CSSA, SSA ID 2N POLLEN FORMATION; CORNICULATUS L; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; BIRDSFOOT-TREFOIL; INHERITANCE; POTATOES; ALFALFA; AMPHIDIPLOIDS; POLYPLOIDY; GERMPLASM AB Unreduced gametes (2n gametes) from Lotus glaber Mill. (2n = 2x = 12) may aid intercrossing with L. corniculatus L. (2n = 4x = 24) to produce progeny with a greater heterotic advantage than progeny derived from colchicine-induced {7-acetamido-6,7-dihydro-1,2,3,10-tetramethoxybenzo[a]heptalen-9(5H)-one} tetraploid (4x) L. glaber. The objective of this research was to compare progeny produced from 4x with 2x (4x-2x) and 4x with 4x (4x-4x) crosses and determine if 2n gametes had a heterotic advantage over normal gametes derived from colchicine-induced tetraploids. Vegetative cuttings of the 2n-gamete-producing L. glaber genotype 204882-1 (2x 204882-1) were treated with colchicine and successfully yielded an autotetraploid (2n = 4x = 24) of 204882-1 (4x 204882-1). Three randomly chosen genotypes from the L. corniculatus germplasm MU-81 were used as maternal parents in crosses to 2x 204882-1 and 4x 204882-1. Progeny produced from 4x-2x crosses were intermediate to or larger than their parents in their leaf and flower morphology. Progeny from 4x-4x crosses were intermediate to or smaller than their parents in leaf and flower size. Size of leaves and flowers of progeny from 4x-2x crosses were similar to or larger than 4x-4x progeny. Morphological comparisons demonstrated that heterotic expression of progeny from 4x-2x crosses was greater than progeny from 4x-4x crosses. The results indicate that the generation of interspecific L. corniculatus X L. glaber hybrids via 2n pollen to be effective, but a means of exploiting any heterotic advantage in these cross-pollinated species needs to be identified. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Livestock Res Inst, Grass & Forage Div, Suwon 441350, South Korea. RP Beuselinck, PR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1741 EP 1746 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300022 ER PT J AU Tang, HV Pring, DR AF Tang, HV Pring, DR TI Conversion of fertility restoration of the sorghum IS1112C (A3) male-sterile cytoplasm from two genes to one gene SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Transgenic Pest-Resistant Crops held at the Annual ASA-CSSA-SSA Meeting CY OCT 23, 2003 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA SP ASA, CSSA, SSA ID MITOCHONDRIAL ORF107; REGISTRATION; SUDANGRASS; POLLEN AB The restoration of male fertility in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] lines carrying the IS1112C male-sterile cytoplasm is characterized by limited seed set. Restoration requires complementary gametophytic action of two restoring alleles, Rf3 and Rf4, for individual gamete viability, and an F, heterozygous for the two restoring loci is expected to exhibit 25% viable pollen. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of converting restoration to single gene behavior. Single-seed descent B3Tx398/IS1112C F-5:6 lines were used to generate homozygosity at the rf3 and rf4 loci, and critical segregants were identified by progeny tests, assays for action of the Rf3 allele, and genomic markers for the f4 locus. Using these criteria, we constructed the genotypes Rf3Rf:3rf4rf4 and rf3rf3f4Rf4 in normal, male-fertile cytoplasm lines, and in IS1112C male-sterile cytoplasm lines. Pollination of either male-sterile line with a matching male-fertile line resulted in about 25% pollen staining in the F-1, demonstrating complementation of the two restoring loci. Pollination of either male-sterile line with IS1I112C, Rf,3Rf3Rf4Rf4, resulted in about 50% pollen staining. These characteristics substantiate complementary action of the restoring alleles, and are consistent with successful conversion to a single gene fertility restoration system. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA, ARS,Crop Genet & Environm Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Pring, DR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA, ARS,Crop Genet & Environm Unit, 1453 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1747 EP 1753 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300023 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Labreveux, M Hall, MH Elwinger, GF AF Sanderson, MA Labreveux, M Hall, MH Elwinger, GF TI Nutritive value of chicory and English plantain forage SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Transgenic Pest-Resistant Crops held at the Annual ASA-CSSA-SSA Meeting CY OCT 23, 2003 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA SP ASA, CSSA, SSA ID GRASSLANDS PUNA CHICORY; CICHORIUM-INTYBUS; MANAGEMENT; SWARDS; PRODUCTIVITY; LIVESTOCK; RANGE AB Forage production in midsummer is a challenge for graziers in the northeastern USA. Domesticated cultivars of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and English plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) are available in the USA as perennial herbs for pastures. These species have been touted as having good summer production and relatively high nutritive value. We conducted two field-plot experiments at Rock Springs, PA, during 1997 to 2001 to evaluate the nutritive value of chicory and plantain under clipping. 'Grasslands Puna', 'Lacerta', and 'Forage Feast' chicory and 'Ceres Tonic' and 'Grasslands Lancelot' grazing plantain were sown in field plots in May 1997 and 1999 and harvested multiple times in 1998 (Exp. 1) and 2000 (Exp. 2). Herbage from three harvests in 1998 and two harvests in 2000 was analyzed for in vitro true digestibility (IVTD); neutral detergent fiber (NDF); and the minerals P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, B, and Zn. Averaged for cultivars, chicory had 11% higher (P < 0.05) IVTD and 6 to 20% lower (P < 0.05) NDF than plantain. Concentrations of all minerals, except for Ca, were 17 to 48% higher (P < 0.05) in chicory than in plantain. There were few meaningful differences in nutritive value among cultivars within chicory or plantain. Chicory and plantain are of relatively high nutritive value and could enhance the nutritional profile of mixed species pastures. The nutritive value benefits, however, must be balanced against the lack of persistence of chicory and plantain. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Crop & Soil Sci Dep, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 22 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1797 EP 1804 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300030 ER PT J AU Weiland, JJ Yu, MH AF Weiland, JJ Yu, MH TI A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker associated with root-knot nematode resistance in sugarbeet SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Transgenic Pest-Resistant Crops held at the Annual ASA-CSSA-SSA Meeting CY OCT 23, 2003 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA SP ASA, CSSA, SSA ID IDENTIFICATION; REGISTRATION; ALIGNMENT; GENES AB Resistance to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) previously was introgressed into sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) from wild beet [B. vulgaris ssp. maritima (L.) Arcang] and was demonstrated to be dominant and simply inherited. Since resistance conferred by this gene was effective against six different Meloidogyne spp. tested, the locus was designated R6m-1. An interpollinated progeny population of resistant heterozygotes segregating for R6m-1, was exposed to nematodes in a greenhouse and rated for root knot disease symptoms. Resistance vs. susceptibility segregated at approximately a 4:1 ratio and 120 resistant roots and 48 susceptible roots were chosen for the generation of molecular markers linked to the resistance trait. Bulked DNA samples prepared from shoots sprouting from the selected plants were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and yielded a marker of 600 base pair (bp) that was highly associated with resistance. Sequence analysis of the 600-bp product led to the design of DNA primers for specific amplification of a 580-bp product, the generation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of which occurred in plants both susceptible and resistance to nematode. Comparison between the sequences generated from resistant plants and susceptible plants revealed numerous nucleotide substitutions. One base substitution associated in repulsion with resistance conditioned the existence of a recognition site for cleavage by the restriction endonuclease MseI. Amplification and cleavage of the product with MseI yielded a CAPS marker designated NEM06 that cosegregated with resistance to the root knot nematode. Computer-assisted translation and comparison with sequences in public databases indicates that the marker DNA sequence encodes a protein with high sequence similarity to a plant transcription factor. C1 USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Lab, Salinas, CA USA. RP Weiland, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1814 EP 1818 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300032 ER PT J AU Chronis, D Krishnan, HB AF Chronis, D Krishnan, HB TI Sulfur assimilation in soybean: Molecular cloning and characterization of O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (cysteine synthase) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Transgenic Pest-Resistant Crops held at the Annual ASA-CSSA-SSA Meeting CY OCT 23, 2003 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA SP ASA, CSSA, SSA ID SEED STORAGE-PROTEIN; SERINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; SPINACIA-OLERACEA; ALLIUM-TUBEROSUM; PURIFICATION; CDNA; BIOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSION AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a good protein source for both humans and livestock. However, soybean seed proteins are deficient in the sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine and methionine. This deficiency has stimulated efforts to improve the amino acid composition of soybean seed proteins. Our overall goal is to improve the sulfur amino acid content of soybean seed proteins by genetic manipulation. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (OAS-TL), a key enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the production of cysteine. A full-length cDNA clone encoding a cytosolic isoform of OAS-TL was isolated by screening a soybean seed cDNA library with a P-32-labeled expressed sequence tag (EST). Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cDNA revealed a single open-reading frame of 978 base pairs (bp) encoding a 34-kDa protein. The authenticity of the isolated cDNA was confirmed by the functional complementation of an Escherichia coli cysteine auxotrophic mutant. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) analysis revealed that OAS-TL mRNA was abundant at early stages of seed development. Western blot analysis using antibodies generated against the recombinant soybean OAS-TL demonstrated that the abundance of this protein gradually declined during later stages of seed development. The OAS-TL activity peaked in young developing seeds and declined steadily during the time period when the bulk of seed storage protein accumulation occurred. Thus, elevating the specific activity of OAS-TL during later stages of seed development could lead to an increase in cysteine synthesis in soybean seeds. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1819 EP 1827 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300033 ER PT J AU Wang, D Shi, J Carlson, SR Cregan, PB Ward, RW Diers, BW AF Wang, D Shi, J Carlson, SR Cregan, PB Ward, RW Diers, BW TI A low-cost, high-throughput polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system for genotyping with microsatellite DNA markers SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Transgenic Pest-Resistant Crops held at the Annual ASA-CSSA-SSA Meeting CY OCT 23, 2003 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA SP ASA, CSSA, SSA ID WHEAT AB Microsatellite DNA markers are widely used in genetic research. Their use, however, can be costly and throughput is sometimes limited. The objective of this paper is to introduce a simple, low-cost, high-throughput system that detects amplification products from microsatellite markers by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This system is capable of separating DNA fragments that differ by as little as two base pairs. The electrophoresis unit holds two vertical 100-sample gels allowing standards and samples from a 96-well plate to be analyzed on a single gel. DNA samples are stained during electrophoresis by ethidium bromide in the running buffer. In addition, one of the gel plates is UV-transparent so that gels can be photographed immediately after electrophoresis without disassembling the gel-plate sandwich. Electrophoresis runs are generally less than two hours. The cost per gel, excluding PCR cost, is currently estimated at about $2.60, or less than $0.03 per data point. This system has been used successfully with soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) microsatellite markers and could be a valuable tool for researchers employing markers in other species. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean & Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Diers, BW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Mason, Richard/F-9865-2010; ward, Rick/F-8954-2013 OI ward, Rick/0000-0003-4436-0019 NR 11 TC 131 Z9 136 U1 1 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1828 EP 1832 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300034 ER PT J AU Bilyeu, KD Palavalli, L Sleper, DA Beuselinck, PR AF Bilyeu, KD Palavalli, L Sleper, DA Beuselinck, PR TI Three microsomal omega-3 fatty-acid desaturase genes contribute to soybean linolenic acid levels SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Transgenic Pest-Resistant Crops held at the Annual ASA-CSSA-SSA Meeting CY OCT 23, 2003 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA SP ASA, CSSA, SSA ID CHLOROPLAST OMEGA-3 DESATURASE; FAN LOCUS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SEED OIL; INHERITANCE; MUTANT; CLONING; RISK; A5 AB Three independent genetic loci have been shown to contribute to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seed linolenic acid levels, including the well-characterized Fan locus. Linolenic acid is the product of omega-3 fatty-acid desaturase enzyme activity. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize the family of soybean omega-3 fatty-acid desaturase genes and link them to low seed linolenic acid as a tool for the development of molecular markers for low linolenic acid soybean. Using database homology searches and gene cloning, we identified and characterized three soybean microsomal omega-3 fatty-acid desaturase genes that contribute to seed linolenic acid levels. Relative expression was characterized by quantitative real-time RTPCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction). One of the three genes was predominantly expressed in developing seeds. We determined that the low linolenic acid breeding line A5 (fan fan) contains two of the genes, but is missing the third sequence. Therefore, the Fan locus can be definitively assigned to one of the three microsomal omega-3 fatty-acid desaturase genes present in the soybean genomic. Molecular markers for defects in the three genes will enhance soybean programs breeding for low linolenic acid. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bilyeu, KD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 28 TC 63 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1833 EP 1838 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300035 ER PT J AU Helguera, M Khan, IA Kolmer, J Lijavetzky, D Zhong-qi, L Dubcovsky, J AF Helguera, M Khan, IA Kolmer, J Lijavetzky, D Zhong-qi, L Dubcovsky, J TI PCR assays for the Lr37-Yr17-Sr38 cluster of rust resistance genes and their use to develop isogenic hard red spring wheat lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Transgenic Pest-Resistant Crops held at the Annual ASA-CSSA-SSA Meeting CY OCT 23, 2003 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA SP ASA, CSSA, SSA ID REPEATED NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; F-SP TRITICI; LEAF RUST; PUCCINIA-RECONDITA; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; BARLEY; YR17; VENTRICOSUM; CHROMOSOMES AB Rust resistance genes Lr37, Sr,38, and Yr17 are located within a segment of Triticum ventricosum (Tausch) Cess. chromosome 2NS translocated to the short arm of bread wheat chromosome 2AS. Characterization of this chromosome segment by 13 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers indicated that the 2NS translocation replaced approximately half of the short arm of chromosome 2A (distal 25-38 centimorgans, cM). The objective of this study was to develop polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays based on RFLP marker eMWG682 to facilitate the transfer of this cluster of rust resistance genes into commercial wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. DNA sequence was obtained from the A-, B-, D-, and N-alleles of cMWG682 and was used to design N-allele specific primers. The 2NS fragment amplified by PCR primers cosegregated with the presence of the RFLP-2NS band in all backcross populations. A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) was used to develop a marker for the 2A-allele. This marker can be used to differentiate homozygous and heterozygous plants carrying the 2NS translocation in the final cycle of backcross introgression or in screenings for homozygous plants in segregating populations. Finally, a third PCR assay was developed by means of TaqMan technology as a high-throughput alternative for selection of the 2NS/2AS translocation in large segregating populations in breeding programs that have access to real time PCR equipment. These molecular markers were used to develop four hard red spring isogenic lines homozygous for the 2NS chromosome segment. One of the isogenic lines, derived from 'Anza,' did not show the expected resistance in spite of the presence of all the RFLP markers for the 2NS chromosome segment. Analysis of F-1 hybrids suggested that a suppressor of the Lr37 gene is present in Anza. These isogenic lines will provide a valuable tool to test the effects of the large 2NS translocation on quality and agronomic performance. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EEA INTA Marcos Juarez, RA-2580 Marcos Juarez, Argentina. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Dubcovsky, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008; OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345; Lijavetzky, Diego/0000-0003-4207-3067 NR 31 TC 99 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1839 EP 1847 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300036 ER PT J AU Ude, GN Kenworthy, WJ Costa, JM Cregan, PB Alvernaz, J AF Ude, GN Kenworthy, WJ Costa, JM Cregan, PB Alvernaz, J TI Genetic diversity of soybean cultivars from China, Japan, North America, and North American ancestral lines determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Transgenic Pest-Resistant Crops held at the Annual ASA-CSSA-SSA Meeting CY OCT 23, 2003 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA SP ASA, CSSA, SSA ID PLANT INTRODUCTIONS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; PEDIGREE ANALYSIS; RFLP MARKERS; AFLP; GERMPLASM; RAPD; REGISTRATION; PARENTAGE; IDENTIFICATION AB Asian soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] improvement programs have been conducted for many years almost completely independent of U.S. breeding programs. Productive, modem Asian cultivars may be a promising source of new yield genes for U.S. breeding programs. However, this hypothesis has not been tested. The objectives of this study were to determine the level of genetic diversity within and between Asian and North American soybean cultivars (NASC) by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis and to identify Asian cultivars with significant genetic difference from NASC. The genetic diversity and relationships were assessed among 35 North American soybean ancestors (NASA), 66 high yielding NASC, 59 modern Chinese cultivars, and 30 modern Japanese cultivars. Five AFLP primer-pairs produced 90 polymorphic (27%) and 242 monomorphic AFLP fragments. Polymorphic information content (PIC) scores ranged from zero to 0.50. Only 53 of the 332 AFLP fragments provided PIC scores :0.30. Genetic distance (GD) between pairs of genotypes was calculated on the basis of the similarity indices determined by the 332 AFLP fragments. Within each of the cultivar groups' the average GD between pairs of genotypes was 6.3% among the Japanese cultivars, 7.1% among the NASC, 7.3% among the NASA, and 7.5% among the Chinese cultivars. The average GD between the NASC and the Chinese cultivars was 8.5% and between the NASC and the Japanese cultivars was 8.9%. Although these distances were not significantly different, they were greater than the average GD between all pairs of NASC (7.1%). Clustering and principal coordinate analysis using all 332 fragments showed a separation of the cultivars into three major groups according to their geographic origin. North American soybean ancestors overlapped with all three cultivar groups. The Japanese cultivars were more removed from NASA and NASC than the Chinese cultivars and may constitute a genetically distinct source of useful genes for yield improvement of NASC. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Kenworthy, WJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 34 TC 41 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1858 EP 1867 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300039 ER PT J AU Simpson, CE Baring, MR Schubert, AM Melouk, HA Lopez, Y Kirby, JS AF Simpson, CE Baring, MR Schubert, AM Melouk, HA Lopez, Y Kirby, JS TI Registration of 'OLin' peanut SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Texas Agr Expt Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. RP Simpson, CE (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. NR 2 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1880 EP 1881 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300043 ER PT J AU Silva, LO Moraes, EA Aidar, H Thung, M Gutierrez, JA Teran, H Morales, FJ Pastor-Corrales, MA Schwartz, HF Singh, SP AF Silva, LO Moraes, EA Aidar, H Thung, M Gutierrez, JA Teran, H Morales, FJ Pastor-Corrales, MA Schwartz, HF Singh, SP TI Registration of 'EMGOPA 201-Ouro' common bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Agencia Rural Anapolis, BR-75000970 Anapolis, Go, Brazil. EMBRAPA Arroz & Feijao, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio De Goias, Go, Brazil. Univ Nacl Colombia, Palmira, Colombia. Ctr Int Agr Trop, Cali 6713, Colombia. USDA ARS, PSI, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Singh, SP (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, 3793 North 3600 Earth, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1881 EP 1882 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300044 ER PT J AU Hang, AN Silbernagel, MJ Miklas, PN AF Hang, AN Silbernagel, MJ Miklas, PN TI Registration of 'Orca' black-and-white mottled Anasazi-type dry bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Hang, AN (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1882 EP 1882 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300045 ER PT J AU Blount, AR Barnett, RD Hinson, K Kinloch, RA AF Blount, AR Barnett, RD Hinson, K Kinloch, RA TI Registration of 'Hinson Long Juvenile' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 N Florida Res Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. W Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Jay, FL USA. RP Blount, AR (reprint author), N Florida Res Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1885 EP 1885 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300049 ER PT J AU Beuselinck, PR Steiner, JJ AF Beuselinck, PR Steiner, JJ TI Registration of ARS-2622 birdsfoot trefoil germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Beuselinck, PR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, 207 Waters, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1886 EP 1886 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300050 ER PT J AU Singh, SP Teran, H Gutierrez, JA Pastor, MA Schwartz, HF Morales, FJ AF Singh, SP Teran, H Gutierrez, JA Pastor, MA Schwartz, HF Morales, FJ TI Registration of A 339, MAR 1, MAR 2, and MAR 3 angular-leaf-spot- and anthracnose-resistant common bean germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; RACES C1 Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Ctr Int Agr Trop, Cali, Colombia. Univ Nacl Colombia, Palmira, Colombia. USDA ARS, PSI, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Singh, SP (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM singh@kimberly.uidaho.edu NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1886 EP 1887 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300051 ER PT J AU Steiner, JJ Banuelos, GS AF Steiner, JJ Banuelos, GS TI Registration of ARS NLT-SALT and ARS-NLT-SALT/B saline tolerant narrow-leaf trefoil germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Steiner, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1888 EP 1889 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300053 ER PT J AU Miklas, PN Kelly, JD Singh, SP AF Miklas, PN Kelly, JD Singh, SP TI Registration of anthracnose-resistant pinto bean germplasm line USPT-ANT-1 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res & Extens Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 3 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1889 EP 1890 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300054 ER PT J AU Blount, AR Barnett, RD Hinson, K Kinloch, RA AF Blount, AR Barnett, RD Hinson, K Kinloch, RA TI Registration of F94-2290 Long Juvenile soybean germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. W Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Jay, FL USA. RP Blount, AR (reprint author), N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1890 EP 1891 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300055 ER PT J AU Kilen, TC Young, LD AF Kilen, TC Young, LD TI Registration of D98-1216 soybean germplasm line resistant to Phytophthora rot and soybean cyst nematode races 3 and 14 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Kilen, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1891 EP 1891 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 718YM UT WOS:000185174300056 ER PT J AU Zhou, H Yao, F Roberts, DP Lessie, TG AF Zhou, H Yao, F Roberts, DP Lessie, TG TI AHL-deficient mutants of Burkholderia ambifaria BC-F have decreased antifungal activity SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID N-ACYLHOMOSERINE LACTONES; PLANT-ASSOCIATED BACTERIA; MEDIATED GENE-REGULATION; CEPACIA COMPLEX; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; DISEASE SUPPRESSION; MAIZE-RHIZOSPHERE; BIOCONTROL; IDENTIFICATION; GENOMOVARS AB Burkholderia ambifaria BC-F, a biocontrol strain reported previously to exhibit broad-spectrum antifungal activity, was highly active in formation of N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs). We constructed AHL-deficient derivatives of strain BC-F in which the genes specifying AHL synthase (bafI) and AHL-binding transcriptional activator (bafR) were inactivated by allelic exchange. The resulting AHL-deficient mutants had decreased antifungal activity. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Roberts, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001,Rm 140,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3 BP 174 EP 179 DI 10.1007/s00284-002-3926-z PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 711AH UT WOS:000184714600002 PM 14570265 ER PT J AU Kuo, TM Lanser, AC AF Kuo, TM Lanser, AC TI Factors influencing the production of a novel compound, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid, by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 (NRRL b-18602) in batch cultures SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OLEIC-ACID AB Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 (NRRL B-18602) converts oleic acid to a novel compound, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD). Parameters that included medium volume, cell growth time, gyration speed, pH, substrate concentration, and dissolved oxygen concentration were evaluated for a scale-up production of DOD in batch cultures using Fernbach flasks and a bench-top bioreactor. Maximum production of about 2 g DOD (38% yield) was attained in Fernbach flasks containing 500 ml medium when cells were grown at 28 C and 300 rpm for 16-20 h and the culture was adjusted to pH 7 prior to substrate addition. Increases of medium volume and substrate concentration failed to enhance yield. When batch cultures were, initially conducted in a reactor, excessive foaming occurred that made the bioconversion process inoperable. This was overcome by a new aeration mechanism that provided adequate dissolved oxygen to the fermentation culture. Under the optimal conditions of 650 rpm, 28 C, and 40-60% dissolved oxygen concentration, DOD production reached about 40 g (40% yield) in 4.5 L culture medium using a 7-L reactor vessel. This is the first report on a successful scale-up production of DOD. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kuo, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 47 IS 3 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1007/s00284-002-3983-3 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 711AH UT WOS:000184714600004 PM 14570267 ER PT J AU Kim, M Pham, T Hamidi, A McCormick, S Kuzoff, RK Sinha, N AF Kim, M Pham, T Hamidi, A McCormick, S Kuzoff, RK Sinha, N TI Reduced leaf complexity in tomato wiry mutants suggests a role for PHAN and KNOX genes in generating compound leaves SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE KNOX; PHAN; tomato; leaf dorsiventrality; compound leaf ID SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM; MAIZE HOMEOBOX GENE; LATERAL ORGANS; FILAMENTOUS FLOWER; DEVELOPMENTAL MUTANTS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ROUGH SHEATH2; ZINC-FINGER; EXPRESSION; PLANTS AB Recent work on species with simple leaves suggests that the juxtaposition of abaxial (lower) and adaxial (upper) cell fates (dorsiventrality) in leaf primordia is necessary for lamina outgrowth. However, how leaf dorsiventral symmetry affects leaflet formation in species with compound leaves is largely unknown. In four non-allelic dorsiventrality-defective mutants in tomato, wiry, wiry3, wiry4 and wiry6, partial or complete loss of ab-adaxiality was observed in leaves as well as in lateral organs in the flower, and the number of leaflets in leaves was reduced significantly. Morphological analyses and expression patterns of molecular markers for ab-adaxiality [LePHANTASTICA (LePHAN) and LeYABBY B (LeYAB B)] indicated that ab-adaxial cell fates were altered in mutant leaves. Reduction in expression of both LeT6 (a tomato KNOX gene) and LePHAN during post-primordial leaf development was correlated with a reduction in leaflet formation in the wiry mutants. LePHAN expression in LeT6 overexpression mutants suggests that LeT6 is a negative regulator of LePHAN. KNOX expression is known to be correlated with leaflet formation and we show that LeT6 requires LePHAN activity to form leaflets. These phenotypes and gene expression patterns suggest that the abaxial and adaxial domains of leaf primordia are important for leaflet primordia formation, and thus also important for compound leaf development. Furthermore, the regulatory relationship between LePHAN and KNOX genes is different from that proposed for simple-leafed species. We propose that this change in the regulatory relationship between KNOX genes and LePHAN plays a role in compound leaf development and is an important feature that distinguishes simple leaves from compound leaves. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Plant Biol Sect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sect Mol & Cellular Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Sinha, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Plant Biol Sect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 63 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 8 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD SEP PY 2003 VL 130 IS 18 BP 4405 EP 4415 DI 10.1242/dev.00655 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 755JB UT WOS:000187398800017 PM 12900456 ER PT J AU Engeman, RM Shwiff, SA Cano, F Constantin, B AF Engeman, RM Shwiff, SA Cano, F Constantin, B TI An economic assessment of the potential for predator management to benefit Puerto Rican parrots SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE benefit-cost analysis; benefit-cost ratios endangered species; predation management AB The Puerto Rican parrot is one of the ten most endangered birds in the world, with the only wild population comprised of 30-40 birds. Predation has been identified as one of the factors limiting Puerto Rican parrot productivity in the wild, and the loss of a very few birds can have a great impact on the species. Management of red-tailed hawks, and black rats, feral cats and Indian mongooses, as well as further management of pearly-eyed thrashers is potentially beneficial to the parrot population. Because funding for the recovery of this rare species is finite, an analytical examination of the economics of predator management as a species enhancement method can provide managers with a solid basis for justifying and implementing this management approach. We used a benefit-cost analysis (BCA) to examine the potential Pareto improvements of predator management for protecting Puerto Rican parrots. The median and minimum expenditures aimed at parrot reproduction for both captive and wild parrots from 1997 to 2001 were used to define monetary values for Puerto Rican parrots. Predator management costs were estimated from existing US Department of Agriculture/Wildlife Services (USDA/WS) contracts for similar work in Puerto Rico. We examined the benefit-cost ratios (BCRs) for predator management assuming one to five and ten parrots were saved by the efforts. Analyses were conducted separately for each predator species and all species combined. The primary analyses focused on the benefits and costs for predator management for the current wild parrot population in the Caribbean National Forest (CNF), but another set of analyses targeted the proposed Rio Abajo (RA) site for the establishment of a second wild population. This second set of analyses was more conservative than for the existing population because predator management costs were assumed to be higher. Even when using the minimum monetary valuation for Puerto Rican parrots, the prevention of a single mortality due to predation within the existing wild population results in monetary benefits slightly exceeding the combined costs for management of each predator species (BCR = 1.01). If median parrot values are applied, then only one parrot saved every 2.6 years allows the combined predator management to be cost-effective. If the year of maximal parrot values (averaged over captive and wild populations) is used, then only one parrot saved every 4.2 years makes application of all predator management methods cost-effective. Use of the single highest per-parrot value from among years and populations would result in the combined application of all forms of predator management being cost-effective if only one parrot is preserved from predation every 11.8 years. Assuming higher costs and minimum parrot values results in the combined application of predator management at the RA proposed population site to be cost-effective if 1.8 parrots/year are saved from predation. Use of median parrot value allows predation management to be cost-effective if one parrot is saved every 1.4 years. If actual costs for the RA site are the same as for the CNF, then the BCRs improve correspondingly. As more parrots are saved, the BCRs increase dramatically for each site. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Caribbean Natl Forest Catalina Work Ctr, Palmer, PR 00721 USA. USDA, APHIS, WS, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. RP Engeman, RM (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 283 EP 292 DI 10.1016/S0921-8009(03)00143-5 PG 10 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 724VZ UT WOS:000185508500006 ER PT J AU Liu, J Hanna, W Elsner, E AF Liu, J Hanna, W Elsner, E TI Morphological and seed set characteristics of centipedegrass accessions collected in China SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE germplasm; turf; Eremochloa ophiuroides ID REGISTRATION AB Greater than two-fold differences were observed between the lowest and highest means for stolon number and length characteristics. A 60% difference in total length was observed between the longest stolon of accessions. There was a 42% difference between the accessions with the fastest and slowest growing stolons. Accession with the longest and shortest internode differed by 28%. Small differences were observed for leaf length and width. Seed set under selfing was less than 7% indicating high self-incompatibility. Open-pollinated seed set ranged from 37% to 87%. Coefficients of variation for the various characteristics measured indicate that the Chinese accessions should provide more variation for genetic improvement in this species. Data showed that measuring total stolon length at five weeks after transplanting was adequate for evaluating all of the stolon length and number characteristics in this study. The Chinese accession appear to be a valuable source of new germplasm for this species. C1 Nanjing Bot Gardens, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Georgia Seed Dev Commiss, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Nanjing Bot Gardens, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 57 IS 3 BP 380 EP 388 DI 10.1663/0013-0001(2003)057[0380:MASSCO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 738YK UT WOS:000186315300006 ER PT J AU Euskirchen, ES Chen, JQ Gustafson, EJ Ma, SY AF Euskirchen, ES Chen, JQ Gustafson, EJ Ma, SY TI Soil respiration at dominant patch types within a managed northern Wisconsin landscape SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE soil respiration; managed landscape; dominant patch types; northern Wisconsin; empirical models; soil temperature; soil moisture; litter depth ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ROOT RESPIRATION; CO2 EVOLUTION; EUROPEAN FORESTS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEM AB Soil respiration (SR), a substantial component of the forest carbon budget, has been studied extensively at the ecosystem, regional, continental, and global scales, but little progress has been made toward understanding SR over managed forest landscapes. Soil respiration is often influenced by soil temperature (T-s), soil moisture (M-s), and type of vegetation, and these factors vary widely among the patch types within a landscape. We measured SR, T-s, M-s, and litter depth (LD) during the 1999 and 2000 growing seasons within six dominant patch types (mature northern hardwoods, young northern hardwoods, clear-cuts, open-canopy Jack pine barrens, mature Jack pine, and mature red pine) on a managed forest landscape in northern Wisconsin, USA. We compared SR among and within the patch types and derived empirically based models that relate SR to T-s, M-s, and LD. Increased levels of soil moisture and higher temperatures in June-September 1999 may have accounted for the up to 37% overall higher SR than in this same period in 2000. In 2000, SR and T-s values were lower, and the sites may have been experiencing slight water limitations, but in general T-s was a much more accurate predictor of SR during this year. Empirical predictions of SR within each patch type derived from continuous T-s measurements were in close agreement with measured values of SR during 2000, but eight of 22 of the simulated values were significantly different (alpha = 0.05) from the rates measured in 1999. The young hardwoods consistently had the highest SR, whereas the pine barrens had the lowest. Results from our field studies and empirical models can help land managers assess landscape responses to potential disturbances and climatic changes. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Toledo, Bowman Oddy Labs, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Euskirchen, ES (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 NR 44 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD SEP PY 2003 VL 6 IS 6 BP 595 EP 607 DI 10.1007/s10021-002-0167-8 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 731QF UT WOS:000185897400007 ER PT J AU Turell, MJ Bunning, M Ludwig, GV Ortman, B Chang, J Speaker, T Spielman, A McLean, R Komar, N Gates, R McNamara, T Creekmore, T Farley, L Mitchell, CJ AF Turell, MJ Bunning, M Ludwig, GV Ortman, B Chang, J Speaker, T Spielman, A McLean, R Komar, N Gates, R McNamara, T Creekmore, T Farley, L Mitchell, CJ TI DNA vaccine for West Nile virus infection in fish crows (Corvus ossifragus) SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; ENCEPHALITIS; OUTBREAK; SYSTEM; BIRDS; FEVER AB A DNA vaccine for West Nile virus (WNV) was evaluated to determine whether its use could protect fish crows (Corvus ossifragus) from fatal WNV infection. Captured adult crows were given 0.5 mg of the DNA vaccine either orally or by intramuscular (IM) inoculation; control crows were inoculated or orally exposed to a placebo. After 6 weeks, crows were challenged subcutaneously with 105 plaque-forming units of WNV (New York 1999 strain). None of the placebo inoculated-placebo challenged birds died. While none of the 9 IM vaccine-inoculated birds died, 5 of 10 placebo-inoculated and 4 of 8 orally vaccinated birds died within 15 days after challenge. Peak viremia titers in birds with fatal WNV infection were substantially higher than those in birds that survived infection. Although oral administration of a single DNA vaccine dose failed to elicit an immune response or protect crows from WNV infection, IM administration of a single dose prevented death and was associated with reduced viremia. C1 USAMRIID, Div Virol, Dept Vector Assessment, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. USAF, Ft Detrick, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Ctr Int Dev, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA. Wyoming Dept Hlth, Laramie, WY USA. Amer Bird Conservancy, Washington, DC USA. RP Turell, MJ (reprint author), USAMRIID, Div Virol, Dept Vector Assessment, 1425 Porter St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 21 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2003 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1077 EP 1081 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 717QM UT WOS:000185100900008 PM 14519243 ER PT J AU Thompson, FC Marinoni, L AF Thompson, FC Marinoni, L TI Copestylum circumdatum (Walker) (Diptera : Syrphidae): Redescription of a neotropical flower fly, with lectotype designations, and new synonyms SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Syrphidae; Copestylum; Neotropics; lectotype; synonyms AB Copestylum circumdatum (Walker) (Diptera: Syrphidae) is redescribed. Lectotypes are designated for two names and one new synonym is proposed (Volucella mus Williston 1888 = circumdatum Walker 1857). C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Univ Fed Parana, Dept Zool, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. RP Thompson, FC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian Inst, NHB-168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM cthompso@sel.barc.usdad.gov; lmarinoni@ufpr.br RI Marinoni, Luciane /C-5720-2013 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 114 IS 4 BP 217 EP 223 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 849LV UT WOS:000223541000007 ER PT J AU Hakk, H Letcher, RJ AF Hakk, H Letcher, RJ TI Metabolism in the toxicokinetics and fate of brominated flame retardants - a review SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Review DE brominated flame retardants; toxicokinetics; metabolism; elimination; biota ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; PIKE ESOX-LUCIUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; TETRABROMOBISPHENOL-A; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; DIETARY EXPOSURE; FIREMASTER BP-6; TRIS(2,3-DIBROMOPROPYL) PHOSPHATE AB Several classes of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), namely polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCCD), bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), and tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate (Tris), have been identified as environmental contaminants. PBDEs, TBBPA, and HBCCD are of particular concern due to increasing environmental concentrations and their ubiquitous presence in the tissues of humans and wildlife from Europe, Japan, and North America. Regardless, the toxicokinetics, in particular metabolism, of BFRs has received little attention. The present review summarizes the current state of knowledge of BFR metabolism, which is an important factor in determining the bioaccumulation, fate, toxicokinetics, and potential toxicity of BFRs in exposed organisms. Of the minimal metabolism research done, BFRs have been shown to be susceptible to several metabolic processes including oxidative debromination, reductive debromination, oxidative CYP enzyme-mediated biotransformation, and/or Phase II conjugation (glucuronidation and sulfation). However, substantially more research on metabolism is necessary to fully assess BFR fate, uptake and elimination kinetics, metabolic pathways, inter-species differences, the influence of congener structure, and the potential health risks to exposed organisms. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N8B 3P4, Canada. RP Hakk, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 135 TC 259 Z9 282 U1 16 U2 139 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 29 IS 6 BP 801 EP 828 DI 10.1016/S0160-4120(03)00109-0 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 704HP UT WOS:000184334300014 PM 12850098 ER PT J AU Stehman, SV Czaplewski, RL AF Stehman, SV Czaplewski, RL TI Introduction to special issue on map accuracy SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID LAND-COVER DATA; THEMATIC CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; INTERRATER AGREEMENT; LANDSCAPE PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; DATA SET; RESOLUTION; MODEL C1 SUNY ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Stehman, SV (reprint author), SUNY ESF, 320 Bray Hall, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 10 IS 3 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.1023/A:1025138423071 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 711AQ UT WOS:000184715300001 ER PT J AU Seefeldt, SS McCoy, SD AF Seefeldt, SS McCoy, SD TI Measuring plant diversity in the tall threetip sagebrush steppe: Influence of previous grazing management practices SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; seasonal grazing; wildfire; modified Whittaker plots; sagebrush steppe; tall threetip sagebrush ID GRASSLANDS; RANGELANDS; RECOVERY AB In July 2000, a 490-ha wildfire burned a portion of a long-term grazing study that had been established in 1924 at the US Sheep Experiment Station north of Dubois, Idaho, USA. Earlier vegetation measurements in this tall threetip sagebrush (Artemisia tripartita spp. tripartita) bunchgrass plant community documented significant changes in vegetation due to grazing and the timing of grazing by sheep. A study was initiated in May 2001 using 12 multiscale modified Whittaker plots to determine the consequences of previous grazing practices on postfire vegetation composition. Because there was only one wildfire and it did not burn all of the original plots, the treatments are not replicated in time or space. We reduce the potential effects of psuedoreplication by confining our discussion to the sample area only. There were a total of 84 species in the sampled areas with 69 in the spring-grazed area and 70 each in the fall- and ungrazed areas. Vegetation within plots was equally rich and even with similar numbers of abundant species. The spring-grazed plots, however, had half as much plant cover as the fall- and ungrazed plots and the spring-grazed plots had the largest proportion of plant cover composed of introduced (27%) and annual (34%) plants. The fall-grazed plots had the highest proportion of native perennial grasses (43%) and the lowest proportion of native annual forbs (1%). The ungrazed plots had the lowest proportion of introduced plants (4%) and the highest proportion of native perennial forbs (66%). The vegetation of spring-grazed plots is in a degraded condition for the environment and further degradation may continue, with or without continued grazing or some other disturbance. If ecosystem condition was based solely on plant diversity and only a count of species numbers was used to determine plant diversity, this research would have falsely concluded that grazing and timing of grazing did not impact the condition of the ecosystem. C1 ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Seefeldt, SS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, HC 62 Box 2010, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM sseefeldt@pw.ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 234 EP 245 DI 10.1007/s00267-003-0073-7 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 738GZ UT WOS:000186279500005 PM 14753648 ER PT J AU Cotta, MA Whitehead, TR Zeltwanger, RL AF Cotta, MA Whitehead, TR Zeltwanger, RL TI Isolation, characterization and comparison of bacteria from swine faeces and manure storage pits SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIVESTOCK WASTE; ENERGY-SOURCES; ENUMERATION; POPULATIONS; MICROBIOTA; CULTURE; PIG; AMPLIFICATION; FERMENTATION; EMISSIONS AB Storage of swine manure is associated with the microbiological production of a variety of odorous chemicals including ammonia, organic acids and alcohols, and sulphides. Although largely the product of microbiological activity, little is known about the microorganisms present in swine manure. In order to gain a better understanding of the types and activities of the microorganisms present, representative strains of microorganisms were isolated from faeces and stored manure slurry, identified, and physiologically characterized. For swine manure slurry samples, total anaerobe colony counts were greatest when a non-selective, habitat simulating medium containing clarified swine manure slurry was used whereas the highest counts for faecal anaerobes were obtained on rumen fluid containing medium. Faecal and slurry samples were also plated onto the appropriate medium containing the antibiotics tetracycline, erythromycin and tylosin (10 mug ml(-1), individually) and the proportional counts of organisms capable of growing in the presence of these antibiotics determined. Randomly selected isolates from the highest dilutions were identified by 16 s rDNA sequence analysis, and selected physiological characteristics were determined. The results of these examinations indicate that the predominant culturable microorganisms from these environments are obligately anaerobic, low mol percentage G+C Gram positive bacteria (Firmicutes) who are members of Clostridial, Eubacterial, and Lactobacillus/Streptococcus phylogenetic groups. Isolates similar to Sporomusa and Flexibacter/Cytophaga/Bacteroides (CFB or Bacteroidetes) groups were also obtained. Although similar overall, faecal and slurry samples differed in bacterial composition. Manure slurry samples were dominated by organisms similar to Clostridium coccoides and Enterococcus species whereas the distribution of species present in faeces appeared much broader. Whereas most of the pure cultures could be assigned to known phylogenetic groupings, few could be identified as known species. Examination of some growth and physiological characteristics of faecal and slurry isolates showed these to be primarily carbohydrate fermenters, although some were able to ferment lactate and amino acids. When the ability of manure and faecal isolates to ferment protein, peptides and amino acids was examined, a relatively small percentage of these were able to do so and most of these fermented carbohydrates in addition to the amino acid sources provided. The predominant amino acid fermenters were most closely related to C. coccoides and C. botulinum, but representatives of the Bacteroides, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and other phylogenetic groups were also found. The results reported here are compared with those obtained from clone libraries prepared from the same environmental samples. C1 ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cotta, MA (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009; OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 34 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 34 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 5 IS 9 BP 737 EP 745 DI 10.1046/j.1467-2920.2003.00467.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 711LZ UT WOS:000184744200003 PM 12919409 ER PT J AU Rice, CP Schmitz-Afonso, I Loyo-Rosales, JE Link, E Thoma, R Fay, L Altfater, D Camp, MJ AF Rice, CP Schmitz-Afonso, I Loyo-Rosales, JE Link, E Thoma, R Fay, L Altfater, D Camp, MJ TI Alkylphenol and alkylphenol-ethoxylates in carp, water, and sediment from the Cuyahoga River, Ohio SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NONYLPHENOL ETHOXYLATES; POLYETHOXYLATE SURFACTANTS; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; FISH-TISSUES; GREAT-LAKES; MICHIGAN; IDENTIFICATION; QUANTITATION; ENVIRONMENT AB The occurrence of alkylphenol and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs) was determined over a 74-mile length of the Cuyahoga River, Ohio. Measurable levels of both the octyl and nonyl forms of these abundantly used nonionic surfactants were observed with the nonylphenol (NP) plus nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) typically accounting for greater than 90% of the total APES in each sample. For all media (water, fish, and sediment) the total NPE (NP + NPE) concentrations were higher in the more urbanized downstream section of the river. Maximum water and fish values were observed immediately downstream (2.1 miles) from the discharge of the Akron WWTP located 35.31 miles from the river mouth and the sediment maxima occurred at the most downstream site near Cleveland. The ranges in concentration for total NPEs and their ethoxylate (EO) makeup were as follows: 32-920 ug/kg wet wt (NP 0 to 2 EO) for carp; 0.13-1.0 ug/L (NP 0 to 3 EO) for water; and 250-1020 ug/kg dry wt (NP 0 to 5 EO) for sediment. When the higher ethoxymers (NP 6 to 17 EO) were added to these sediment totals, the average total estimated NPE concentrations were 1.3-1.8 times higher. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Div Emergency & Remedial Response, Groveport, OH 43125 USA. Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Div Surface Water, Twinsburg, OH 44087 USA. Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Div Surface Water, Columbus, OH 43216 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rice, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Qual Lab, Bldg 007,Room 223,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ricec@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Schmitz-Afonso, Isabelle/D-2168-2013 NR 35 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 17 BP 3747 EP 3754 DI 10.1021/es034105o PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 716YL UT WOS:000185057500022 PM 12967092 ER PT J AU Barber, MC AF Barber, MC TI A review and comparison of models for predicting dynamic chemical bioconcentration in fish SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE bioconcentration; model; gill exchange; partioining; fish ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; GUPPY POECILIA-RETICULATA; HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIVES; WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENT; ZEBRAFISH BRACHYDANIO-RERIO; MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; KILLIFISH ORYZIAS-LATIPES; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; ELASMOBRANCH SCYLIORHINUS-STELLARIS AB Over the past 20 years, a variety of models have been developed to simulate the bioconcentration of hydrophobic organic chemicals by fish. These models differ not only in the processes they address but also in the way a given process is described. Processes described by these models include chemical diffusion through the gill's interlamellar water, epithelium, and lamellar blood plasma; advective chemical transport to and from the gill by ventilation and perfusion, respectively; and internal chemical deposition by thermodynamic partitioning to lipid and other organic phases. This article reviews the construction and associated assumptions of 10 of the most widely cited fish bioconcentration models. These models are then compared with respect to their ability to predict observed uptake and elimination rates using a common database for those model parameters that they have in common. Statistical analyses of observed and predicted exchange rates reveal that rates predicted by these models can be calibrated almost equally well to observed data. This fact is independent of how well any given model is able to predict observed exchange rates without calibration. The importance of gill exchange models and how they might by improved are also discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Barber, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 258 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 6 U2 32 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1963 EP 1992 DI 10.1897/02-468 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 727CU UT WOS:000185639400004 PM 12959521 ER PT J AU Lewis, J AF Lewis, J TI Stemflow estimation in a redwood forest using model-based stratified random sampling SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE stemflow; interception; sampling design; model-assisted ID INTERCEPTION LOSS; RAINFALL INTERCEPTION; THROUGHFALL; STAND; PLANTATION; BRITAIN; CANOPY; DESIGN AB Model-based stratified sampling is illustrated by a case study of stemflow volume in a redwood forest. The approach is actually a model-assisted sampling design in which auxiliary information (tree diameter) is utilized in the design of stratum boundaries to optimize the efficiency of a regression or ratio estimator. The auxiliary information is utilized in both the design and estimation phases. Stemflow and its variance were modelled as powers of diameter and a generalized non-linear least squares model was used to estimate the exponents and to impute values for missing storm events prior to application of the ratio estimator. The advantage of the ratio estimator over standard stratified sampling formulas is greatest for species in which stemflow is strongly dependent on diameter. With measurements on 24 trees in a 1-hectare stand, annual stemflow was estimated with coefficients of variation of 9 per cent and 10 per cent in 2 years of study. Striking stemflow differences were found between species. Published in 2003 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 92521 USA. RP Lewis, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 92521 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 6 BP 559 EP 571 DI 10.1002/env.603 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 718AP UT WOS:000185123200001 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, YA Rawls, WJ AF Pachepsky, YA Rawls, WJ TI Soil structure and pedotransfer functions SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Michel Rieu Memorial Colloquium CY OCT 08-10, 2001 CL PARIS, FRANCE ID SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; WATER-RETENTION; FRACTAL FRAGMENTATION; BULK-DENSITY; FIELD; MORPHOLOGY; PREDICTION; POROSITY; MACROPORES; MODELS AB Accurate estimates of soil hydraulic properties from other soil characteristics using pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are in demand in many applications, and soil structural characteristics are natural candidates for improving PTFs. Soil survey provides mostly categorical data about soil structure. Many available characteristics such as bulk density, aggregate distribution, and penetration resistance reflect not only structural but also other soil properties. Our objective here is to provoke a discussion of the value of structural information in modelling water transport in soils. Two case studies are presented. Data from the US National Pedon Characterization database are used to estimate soil water retention from categorical field-determined structural and textural classes. Regression-tree estimates have the same accuracy as those from textural class as determined in the laboratory. Grade of structure appears to be a strong predictor of water retention at -33 kPa and -1500 kPa. Data from the UNSODA database are used to compare field and laboratory soil water retention. The field-measured retention is significantly less than that measured in the laboratory for soils with a sand content of less than 50%. This could be explained by Rieu and Sposito's theory of scaling in soil structure. Our results suggest a close relationship between structure observed at the soil horizon scale and structure at finer scales affecting water retention of soil clods. Finally we indicate research needs, including (i) quantitative characterization of the field soil structure, (ii) an across-scale modelling of soil structure to use fine-scale data for coarse-scale PTFs, (iii) the need to understand the effects of soil structure on the performance of various methods available to measure soil hydraulic properties, and (iv) further studies of ways to use soil-landscape relationships to estimate variations of soil hydraulic properties across large areas of land. C1 USDA, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Bldg 173,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 46 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1351-0754 J9 EUR J SOIL SCI JI Eur. J. Soil Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 54 IS 3 BP 443 EP 451 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.00485.x PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 717XE UT WOS:000185115400002 ER PT J AU Adamczyk, JJ Williams, MR Reed, JT Hubbard, DW Hardee, DD AF Adamczyk, JJ Williams, MR Reed, JT Hubbard, DW Hardee, DD TI Spatial and temporal occurrence of beet armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) moths in Mississippi SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera; migration; movement AB Throughout 1994-2000, adult beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) populations were monitored in the delta and hill regions of Mississippi using pheromone traps. Significant differences in the mean number of moths trapped were found among different geographical areas of the state. A trend was observed where the greatest number of moths was found in the Mississippi Delta, located in the western region of the state. The lowest number of moths was found in the hills located in the eastern region of the state. An annual profile of beet armyworm populations in the western section of the Mississippi Delta also revealed that wide-scale immigration of this pest typically begins at 200 Julian days (mid-July). This date could be used as a benchmark to determine when and if population levels are high enough to have the potential to cause economic damage to crops in the Mississippi Delta. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Adamczyk, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 86 IS 3 BP 229 EP 232 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0229:SATOOB]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 734YN UT WOS:000186085700001 ER PT J AU Carpenter, JE Jewett, DK AF Carpenter, JE Jewett, DK TI Influence of herbivore-damaged corn and cotton in the field recruitment of braconid parasitoids from feral populations SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE corn; cotton; Cotesia marginiventris; Spodoptera frugiperda; parasitism ID COTESIA-MARGINIVENTRIS CRESSON; FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; BEET ARMYWORM; NOCTUIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; FRUGIPERDA; PESTICIDES; WASPS; HOSTS AB The potential to increase parasitism by Cotesia marginiventris through response to chemical signals emitted by herbivore-damaged plants was investigated in corn and cotton field plots. Recruitment of feral C. marginiventris adult females was measured by increased parasitism. Spodoptera frugiperda larvae placed in the field plots and then recollected experienced a mean rate of parasitism of approximately 4-6%. Mean total mortality of the collected larvae ranged from 13 to 20%. We found no significant difference in the level of parasitism, or larval mortality between field plots containing herbivore-damaged plants and plants that were undamaged. Under the conditions of this study, we found no evidence that systemic host plant volatiles induced by herbivore feeding were used by feral C. marginiventris to improve foraging and parasitism at specific sites within a field of corn or cotton. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Carpenter, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 86 IS 3 BP 233 EP 238 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0233:IOHCAC]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 734YN UT WOS:000186085700002 ER PT J AU Molina-Ochoa, J Carpenter, JE Heinrichs, EA Foster, JE AF Molina-Ochoa, J Carpenter, JE Heinrichs, EA Foster, JE TI Parasitoids and parasites of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) in the Americas and Caribbean Basin: An inventory SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE parasitoids; fall armyworm; Chelonus insularis; Diapetimorpha introita; Noctuidonema guyanense; maize; natural distribution; biological control ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; DIAPETIMORPHA-INTROITA HYMENOPTERA; EIPHOSOMA-VITTICOLE HYMENOPTERA; SUSCEPTIBLE CORN GENOTYPES; ECTOPARASITIC NEMATODE; GUYANENSE NEMATODA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CRESSON HYMENOPTERA; TROPICAL AMERICA; TRANSFER SUCCESS AB An inventory of parasitoids and parasites of fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), was conducted using references describing parasitized FAW eggs, larvae, pupae and adults collected from different crops or habitats throughout the Americas and the Caribbean Basin. The crops and countries where these parasites were reported occurring in the Americas is also inventoried. Maize was the crop where the FAW was more frequently collected followed by rice. Overall, Chelonus insularis (Cresson) had the broadest natural distribution in the Americas. For the North American region C. insulares, Chelonus sp., and Euplectrus platyhypenae (Howard) were the most relevant parasitoids. In Central America, C. insularis was the most prevalent parasitoid, and in the South American region the most prevalent parasites were Archytas incertus (Macq.), A. marmoratus (Tns.), C. insularis, and Meteorus laphygmae (Viereck). Diapetimorpha introita (Cresson) is the most important pupal parasitoid of FAW occurring mainly in North America. An acugutturid, Noctuidonema guyanense (Remillet & Silvain), is the most important ectoparasitic nematode attacking adults of FAW and other noctuid moths in South and Southeastern US, and Mexico in North America, Caribbean Basin, Central America, and Northern South America. C1 Univ Colima, Fac Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Tecoman 28100, Colima, Mexico. USDA ARS, Crop Protect Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Molina-Ochoa, J (reprint author), Univ Colima, Fac Ciencias Biol & Agropecuarias, Apartado Psotal 36, Tecoman 28100, Colima, Mexico. NR 242 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 19 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 86 IS 3 BP 254 EP 289 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0254:PAPOSF]2.0.CO;2 PG 36 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 734YN UT WOS:000186085700005 ER PT J AU Sudbrink, DL Harris, FA Robbins, JT English, PJ Willers, JL AF Sudbrink, DL Harris, FA Robbins, JT English, PJ Willers, JL TI Evaluation of remote sensing to identify variability in cotton plant growth and correlation with larval densities of beet armyworm and cabbage looper (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE insect management; beet armyworm; cabbage looper; cotton defoliators; remote sensing AB Field experiments were conducted from 2000 to 2002 in the Mississippi Delta to evaluate remote sensing technologies for identifying factors in cotton growth and development related to infestations of beet armyworm and cabbage looper. Larval defoliation of plants was monitored using remote sensing techniques including aerial and hand-held sensors as well as visual measurements of damage. Percent reflectance differed for beet armyworm infested leaves compared to uninfested leaves. In two whole field studies, more beet armyworm hits were found in zones of less vigorous and open canopy, which corresponded to lower normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values calculated from remotely sensed imagery. Percent light penetration of canopy was greater for plots damaged by looper larvae than for less damaged plots where looper larvae were controlled with insecticide, but NDVI values were not different. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, GPARU, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Sudbrink, DL (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, POB 197, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 86 IS 3 BP 290 EP 294 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0290:EORSTI]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 734YN UT WOS:000186085700006 ER PT J AU Sumerford, DV AF Sumerford, DV TI Larval development of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) larvae on artificial diet and cotton leaves containing a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin: Heritable variation to tolerate CRY1AC SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera exigua; Bacillus thuringiensis; insecticide resistance; heritability; Cry1Ac AB Studies were conducted to determine if beet armyworms, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), possess the genetic variation necessary to respond to selection for improved tolerance of the Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) toxin Cry1Ac. Spodoptera exigua individuals that pupated earliest when fed the Cry1Ac diet (ca. the first 20% to pupate) produced offspring that developed significantly faster on the Cry1Ac diet than their parental-control strain. In addition, after two generations of selection, the selected population reached pupation 2 d faster than the Parental population. The selected group also developed significantly faster on transgenic-Bt cotton leaves (cv. NuCOTN 33B) than the Parental strain. Individuals selected to more rapidly develop on media containing Cry1Ac developed no more rapidly on artificial diet containing Cry2Aa than the parental, control colony of S. exigua. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Sumerford, DV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 86 IS 3 BP 295 EP 299 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0295:LDOSEL]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 734YN UT WOS:000186085700007 ER PT J AU Costello, SL Pratt, PD Rayamajhi, MB Center, TD AF Costello, SL Pratt, PD Rayamajhi, MB Center, TD TI Arthropods associated with above-ground portions of the invasive tree, Melaleuca quinquenervia, in South Florida, USA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE paperbark tree; arthropod abundance; Oxyops vitiosa; weed biological control ID FIRE ANTS HYMENOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FORMICIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; PARASITOIDS AB Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake, the broad-leaved paperbark tree, has invaded ca. 202,000 ha in Florida, including portions of the Everglades National Park. We performed prerelease surveys in south Florida to determine if native or accidentally introduced arthropods exploit this invasive plant species and assess the potential for higher trophic levels to interfere with the establishment and success of future biological control agents. Herein we quantify the abundance of arthropods present on the above-ground portions of saplings and small M. quinquenervia trees at four sites. Only eight of the 328 arthropods collected were observed feeding on M. quinquenervia. Among the arthropods collected in the plants adventive range, 19 species are agricultural or horticultural pests. The high percentage of rare species (72.0%), presumed to be transient or merely resting on the foliage, and the paucity of species observed feeding on the weed, suggests that future biological control agents will face little if any competition from pre-existing plant-feeding arthropods. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Costello, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 86 IS 3 BP 300 EP 322 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0300:AAWAPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 734YN UT WOS:000186085700008 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ Reed, HC Ellis, DJ AF Landolt, PJ Reed, HC Ellis, DJ TI Trapping yellowjackets (Hymenoptera : Vespidae) with heptyl butyrate emitted from controlled-release dispensers SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE wasp; yellowjacket; trap; attractant; lure; heptyl butyrate ID YELLOW-JACKETS; CHEMICAL ATTRACTANTS; VESPULA-GERMANICA AB Numbers of workers of Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure) (western yellowjacket) and V atropilosa (Sladen) trapped with heptyl butyrate in Washington increased with greater release of the attractant from vial dispensers, up to an estimated 2.3 milligrams heptyl butyrate per hour. Vespula germanica (F) (German yellowjacket) workers were also captured in significant numbers, and numbers of workers captured increased with increased release of heptyl butyrate, up to an estimated 1.4 milligrams per hour. Numbers of workers of Vespula squamosa (Drury) trapped with heptyl butyrate in Oklahoma increased with increased release of heptyl butyrate from dispensers, up to an estimated 3.3 milligrams per hour. Vial dispensers, with holes of 6, 12, 22, and 33 mm diameter in the vial lid, lost 0.42, 1.4, 2.3, and 3.3 milligrams of heptyl butyrate per hour in the laboratory and these rates changed little over a period of 4 weeks, indicating close to a zero order rate of release pattern. Rates of loss of 2 ml heptyl butyrate applied to a cotton ball decreased with exposure time, from an initial rate of 6.0 milligrams per hour to near zero at 16 days post-treatment. Captures of wasps in traps sold commercially might be improved with the use of a controlled-release dispenser. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Oral Roberts Univ, Dept Biol, Tulsa, OK 74171 USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 86 IS 3 BP 323 EP 328 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0323:TYHVWH]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 734YN UT WOS:000186085700009 ER PT J AU Graham, LC Porter, SD Pereira, RM Dorough, HD Kelley, AT AF Graham, LC Porter, SD Pereira, RM Dorough, HD Kelley, AT TI Field releases of the decapitating fly Pseudacteon curvatus (Diptera : Phoridae) for control of imported fire ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) in Alabama, Florida, and Tennessee SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis richteri; Solenopsis invicta; hybrid fire ants; classical biocontrol; parasitoid; southeastern United States ID HOST-SPECIFICITY; FLIES DIPTERA; SOLENOPSIS-RICHTERI; PARASITOIDS; ARGENTINA; BEHAVIOR AB The little decapitating fly, Pseudacteon curvatus Borgmeier, was released at 11 sites in Alabama, Florida, and Tennessee as a potential self-sustaining biocontrol agent of imported fire ants. We used a biotype from Buenos Aires Province, Argentina that parasitizes black fire ants (Solenopsis richteri Forel). Generally, several thousand flies were released as larvae in parasitized ant workers over a 1-2 week period. Pseudacteon curvatus flies were successfully established on hybrid fire ants (Solenopsis invicta x Solenopsis richteri) at a site near Talladega, Alabama where they have persisted more than two years and expanded out 5-20 km from the original release site. Flies failed to establish in Florida and Tennessee although a few 1st-generation field-reared flies were recovered at four sites in Florida. This fly is only the second parasitoid species to be successfully released against imported fire ants or any other pest ant species. Possible reasons for failures at the other sites include insufficient vegetation cover, competition with another Pseudacteon species in Florida, severe winter kill of ants at a site in Tennessee, and the possibility that the biotype of R curvatus released was not a viable parasitoid of red imported fire ants. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Alabama Cooperat Extens Syst, Talladeda, AL 35160 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Graham, LC (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Pereira, Roberto/B-5008-2010 OI Pereira, Roberto/0000-0002-5618-7690 NR 23 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 86 IS 3 BP 334 EP 339 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0334:FROTDF]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 734YN UT WOS:000186085700011 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE McInnis, DO AF Shelly, TE McInnis, DO TI Influence of adult diet on the mating success and survival of male Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) from two mass-rearing strains on field-caged host trees SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; nutrition; copulation; sterile insect technique ID LONGEVITY; FLY AB Using field-caged host trees, this study investigated the influence of adult diet on the mating success and survival of male Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), from two mass-rearing strains. Upon emergence, males from a genetic sexing (temperature sensitive lethal) strain and a bisexual strain were given either a sugar-protein diet (protein-fed) or a sugar-only diet (protein-deprived). Mating trials were conducted using field-caged host trees, and 100 males of a given strain and diet competed with 100 wild males for matings with 100 wild females (all wild flies were given the sugar-protein diet). There was no apparent effect of diet on male mating success for either mass-reared strain. Wild males obtained significantly more matings per replicate than males from either strain on either diet, and the mean number of matings per replicate was similar between protein-fed and protein-deprived males for both strains. In addition, the survival of protein-fed and protein-deprived males was compared over 2- and 4-day intervals on field-caged host trees. Within each mass-reared strain, there was no apparent effect of adult diet on male survival for either test interval. The present findings are compared with similar studies on other mass-reared strains. C1 USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaiian Evolutionary Biol Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA ARS, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, POB 1040, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. NR 10 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 86 IS 3 BP 340 EP 344 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0340:IOADOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 734YN UT WOS:000186085700012 ER PT J AU Pemberton, RW AF Pemberton, RW TI Potential for biological control of the lobate lac scale, Paratachardina lobata lobata (Hemiptera : Kerriidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE new pest; native plants; fruit trees; ornamental plants; lac scales parasitoids; Kerria lacca; Everglades National Park; big cypress NWR; Florida; India ID RISK AB The lobate lac scale insect, Paratachardina lobata lobata (Chamberlin) (Kerriidae: Coccoidea: Hemiptera), a recent invader of southern Florida from India and Sri Lanka, now infests more than 160 economic and native plants in at least 49 plant families. It is killing wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera L.) and coco plum (Chrysobalanus icaco L.), valued native and horticultural plants in many locations. Intensive insecticide use in infested natural and residential areas is an unsuitable control approach because of the large numbers of plants infested, the high cost, and probable damage to non-target organisms. Biological control is a much needed solution for lobate lac scale. No parasitism has been detected in Florida. The lobate lac scale is native to India and Sri Lanka, occurring in localities south of 16 degrees N. latitude. The known host range includes some of the same species and families of host plants as it does in Florida, plus other plant groups on which it has yet to be detected in Florida. The natural enemies of the lobate lac scale have not been previously sought nor studied, but those of the related true lac scale of commerce are relatively well known, and some of these appear to have potential for biological control of the lobate lac scale. The most important natural enemies are predaceous Lepidoptera and Chrysopa species, and parasitic encyrtid and euplophid chalcidoid wasps. The chalcidoid wasps, with narrower host ranges, appear to be more suitable as potential biological control agents. Among these,Tachardiaephagus tachardiae Howard (Encyrtidae), seems particularly promising. It attacks the lobate lac scale, is known only from lac scale hosts, is not hyperparasitic, is one of the most important parasitoids of lac scale, has 9-12 generations per year, and occurs in the same climatic conditions as occur in southern Florida. It is recommended that this wasp and two other important parasitoids of the true lac scale, T somervilli Madhihassen (Encyrtidae) and Coccophagus tschirchii Madhihassen (Eulophidae), be acquired and evaluated as potential biological control agents of the lobate lac scale. Explorations for unknown natural enemies of lobate lac scale in India and Sri Lanka should also be undertaken in locations with climatic similarity to that of southern Florida. Host specificity testing of species belonging to Florida's 12 native scale families (Coccoidea) and allied Hemiptera is advisable to define the potential host ranges and thus the safety of candidate biological control agents. The prospects of effective and safe biological control appear to be good. No native lac scales (Kerriidae) occur in Florida, and parasitoids are known that appear to be both narrow specialists and damaging to their host lac scales. C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Pemberton, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 86 IS 3 BP 353 EP 360 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0353:PFBCOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 734YN UT WOS:000186085700014 ER PT J AU Pemberton, RW AF Pemberton, RW TI Invasion of Paratachardina lobata lobata (Hemiptera : Kerriidae) in South Florida: A snapshot sample of an infestation in a residental yard SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Pemberton, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 4 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 86 IS 3 BP 373 EP 377 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0373:IOPLLH]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 734YN UT WOS:000186085700017 ER PT J AU Leskey, TC Bergh, JC AF Leskey, TC Bergh, JC TI A simple character for sex differentiation of pupae and pupal exuviae of the dogwood borer (Lepidoptera : Sesiidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID APPLE C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Als H Smith Jr AREC, Dept Entomol, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. RP Leskey, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 86 IS 3 BP 378 EP 380 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0378:ASCFSD]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 734YN UT WOS:000186085700018 ER PT J AU Micieli, MV Garcia, JJ Becnel, JJ AF Micieli, MV Garcia, JJ Becnel, JJ TI Life cycle and epizootiology of Amblyospora ferocis (Microspora : Amblyosporidae) in the mosquito Psorophora ferox (Diptera : Culicidae) SO FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Microsporidia; Amblyospora ferocis; Culicidae; Psorophora ferox; epizootiology; ultrastructure ID HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION; CULEX-ANNULIROSTRIS; INTERMEDIATE HOST; AEDES-CANTATOR; SP-NOV; COPEPOD; PATHOGEN AB A natural population of Psorophora ferox (Humbold, 1820) infected with the microsporidium Amblyospora ferocis Garcia et Becnel, 1994 was sampled weekly during a seven-month survey in Punta Lara, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The sequence of development of A. ferocis in larvae of P. ferox leading to the formation of meiospores followed the developmental pathway previously reported for various species of Amblyospora. The natural prevalence of A. ferocis in the larval population of P. ferox ranged from 0.4% to 13.8%. Spores were detected in the ovaries of field-collected females of P. ferox and were shown to be responsible for transovarial transmission of A. ferocis to the next generation of mosquito larvae in laboratory tests. These spores were binucleate and slightly pyriform in shape. The prevalence of A. ferocis in the adult population ranged from 2.7% to 13.9%. Data on effects of the infection on female fecundity showed that infected field-collected adults of P. ferox laid an average of 47.6 +/- 6.5 eggs of which 35.8% +/- 4.1% hatched. Uninfected field-collected adults of P. ferox laid 82.8 +/- 6.8 eggs of which 64.1% +/- 5.5% hatched. Six species of copepods living together with P. ferox were fed meiospores from field-infected larvae but none became infected. Horizontal transmission of A. ferocis to P. ferox larvae remains unknown. C1 Natl Univ La Plata, Ctr Estudios Parasitol & Vectores, Comis Invest Cient Prov Buenos Aires, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Micieli, MV (reprint author), Natl Univ La Plata, Ctr Estudios Parasitol & Vectores, Comis Invest Cient Prov Buenos Aires, Calle 2 584, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA PI CESKE BUDEJOVICE PA BRANISOVSKA 31,, CESKE BUDEJOVICE 370 05, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0015-5683 J9 FOLIA PARASIT JI Folia Parasitol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 50 IS 3 BP 171 EP 175 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 723QM UT WOS:000185443100002 PM 14535341 ER PT J AU Yuan, J Flores, RA Eustace, D Milliken, GA AF Yuan, J Flores, RA Eustace, D Milliken, GA TI A systematic analysis of the break subsystems of a wheat flour pilot mill SO FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE particle size; granulation curve; modelling; wheatflour milling; logistic model ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DISPOSITION AB A unit operations approach was used to study the break subsystem of the wheat flour milling process. The purpose of this study was to determine the parameters of the incoming stock to a break subsystem in estimation of the particle size distribution of the stock leaving the subsystem. The incoming stock characteristics studied included the wheat commercial characteristics and the particle size distribution. The data used in this study were obtained from nine batches of commercial hard red winter wheat milled in the Kansas State University pilot flour mill. A logistic model with three constants was used to describe the cumulative granulation curve for each of the five break subsystems. When the logistic model was parameterized, it was found that the three constants of the logistic model were a function of the wheat characteristics for the first and fifth breaks. For the second, third and fourth breaks, in addition to the wheat characteristics, the independent variables of the logistic model parameters were the mean diameter (D-gw) of the incoming stock and/or its mean diameter standard deviation (S-gw). To validate the models, a brand new set of data was tested using the five empirical models developed for the break subsystems. The experimental and modelled cumulative granulation curves showed that the best result estimation was obtained for the first break, and a poor prediction was obtained for the other breaks. The models developed from this investigation are useful in education and training. The parametric models developed indicated the commercial parameters of major influence in a pilot flour mill and are expected to have similar impact in a large-scale operation. The modelling and simulation results could provide a tool for millers to analyse, optimize and improve the mill's operation efficiency. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Flores, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA 165-189 RAILWAY TERRACE, DAVIS BLDG, RUGBY CV21 3BR, ENGLAND SN 0960-3085 J9 FOOD BIOPROD PROCESS JI Food Bioprod. Process. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 81 IS C3 BP 170 EP 179 DI 10.1205/096030803322437938 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 742DB UT WOS:000186499500003 ER PT J AU Loza-Garay, MA Flores, RA AF Loza-Garay, MA Flores, RA TI Moisture, ash and protein flow rate study in a wheat flour pilot mill using simulation models SO FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE flour mill; milling; model; simulation; stochastic AB The intrinsic variability of the grain, the equipment layout characteristics, and the intricacy involved in the flour milling process flow make it very complex to analyse and to estimate the impacts associated with alterations in a particular stage of the flour milling system. Computer simulation is a desirable tool that can aid in the understanding and analysis of the performance of a processing facility, especially a flour mill. In this study, computer simulation models were developed to facilitate the analysis of quality characteristics of the mill streams. The quality characteristics studied were moisture, ash and protein. Using probabilistic functions obtained from experimental data in the Kansas State University Pilot Mill, three models were developed to simulate the moisture, ash and protein flows. The models had an excellent performance in the verification process showing none, one and three streams outside the control limits analyses (99.99% confidence interval) for the moisture, ash and protein models, respectively, from a total of 126 streams. Using the same control limits analyses in the validation process, the difference between results from the system and results from the models increased to three, three and four streams for the moisture, ash and protein models, respectively. The control limit analysis indicated that the variation was related more to the fluctuations of the system rather than to the models per se. Four different scenarios were simulated with the models and the results were analysed. These models present a great potential in industry applications to evaluate the effects of new raw materials, equipment modifications, and changes in processing conditions on the milling process and its products. C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Kellogg Co, Battle Creek, MI USA. RP Flores, RA (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA 165-189 RAILWAY TERRACE, DAVIS BLDG, RUGBY CV21 3BR, ENGLAND SN 0960-3085 J9 FOOD BIOPROD PROCESS JI Food Bioprod. Process. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 81 IS C3 BP 180 EP 188 DI 10.1205/096030803322437947 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 742DB UT WOS:000186499500004 ER PT J AU Carriere, CJ Inglett, GE AF Carriere, CJ Inglett, GE TI Constitutive analysis of the nonlinear viscoelastic properties of cellulosic fiber gels produced from corn or oat hulls SO FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS LA English DT Article DE rheology; constitutive analysis; flour; nonlinear viscoelasticity ID SPHERICAL SILICA SUSPENSION; DENSITY POLYETHYLENE MELT; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ELONGATIONAL FLOW; SHEAR; STRAIN; SYSTEMS; BEHAVIOR AB The evaluation and development of validated models for the nonlinear viscoelastic (VE) behavior of materials is an important area of research, which has impact on a number of industrial processes including those in the food industry. Various nonlinear VE models have been developed over the years and evaluated for petroleum-based polymers, however, our understanding of the nonlinear VE behavior of biopolymers of industrial import lags our understanding of synthetic polymers. In the work reported herein, the nonlinear VE behavior of several cellulosic fiber gels prepared from either corn or oat hulls were investigated. The rheological properties were measured using a Rheometrics Series IV controlled-strain rheometer equipped with a cone and plate fixture. The measurements were conducted at 23 +/- 0.1 degreesC. The rheological data were interpreted using a strain separable K-BKZ type (Wagner) model with a damping function evaluated from stress relaxation data. The Wagner model was found to provide an accurate description of the rheological behavior of the suspensions. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Biomat Proc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Carriere, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Biomat Proc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM carriecj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-005X J9 FOOD HYDROCOLLOID JI Food Hydrocolloids PD SEP PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 BP 605 EP 614 AR PII S0268-005X(02)00120-0 DI 10.1016/S0268-005X(02)00120-0 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 703ZN UT WOS:000184313400005 ER PT J AU Cumbo, D Smith, R Araman, P AF Cumbo, D Smith, R Araman, P TI Low-grade hardwood lumber production, markets, and issues SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Due to a recent downturn in the economy and changes in traditional hardwood markets, US. hardwood manufacturers are facing significant difficulties. In particular, markets for low-grade lumber have been diminishing, while increased levels of this material are being produced at hardwood sawmills in the United States. A nationwide survey of hardwood lumber manufacturers was conducted to define the term "low-grade," identify current markets for low-grade hardwood lumber, identify methods currently used and those being considered to develop markets for this material, and determine important factors in the decision to enter a new market for low-grade lumber. The study found that the definition of low-grade is not consistent among U. S. hardwood sawmills and most sawmills sell the majority of their low-grade lumber to a single market. In addition, market profitability and market stability are important factors in considering a new market for low-grade lumber. This information is important in benchmarking industry characteristics regarding low-grade lumber and understanding the issues and needs of hardwood manufacturers. C1 Virginia Tech, Ctr Forest Prod Mkt & Management, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Sta, USDA, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Cumbo, D (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Ctr Forest Prod Mkt & Management, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 53 IS 9 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 723NF UT WOS:000185437900001 ER PT J AU Egan, AF Baumgras, JE AF Egan, AF Baumgras, JE TI Ground skidding and harvested stand attributes in Appalachian hardwood stands in West Virginia SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A statewide logging-in-progress study was conducted in West Virginia to examine the associations among several ground skidding and harvested stand attributes. There was a strong positive association between skidding distance and cycle time, and a significant negative relationship between the percent of trees removed in the stand and total cycle time. The number of residual trees per acre and number of trees per acre in the preharvest stand were not significant in explaining total skidding cycle time. In addition, the number of trees and volume skidded per cycle were positively associated with cycle time, as was the number of turn bunching moves. Additional results suggested that differences in operator behavior may be more important in explaining the size of payloads per cycle than, for example, the size of the skidder used. C1 Univ Maine, Forest Operat Sci Program, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Sta, USDA, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Egan, AF (reprint author), Univ Maine, Forest Operat Sci Program, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 53 IS 9 BP 59 EP 63 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 723NF UT WOS:000185437900007 ER PT J AU Schultz, TP Nicholas, DD Lebow, S AF Schultz, TP Nicholas, DD Lebow, S TI Migration of iron and manganese into CCA-treated wood in soil contact and the resulting error in leaching results when using energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometers SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ROT FUNGI AB In a laboratory leaching study, we found that chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood, which had been exposed to one of five soils examined, unexpectedly appeared to gain significant Cr (47%) when measured with an energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence instrument (American Wood-Preservers Association (AWPA) Method A9-01 200 1). Analysis of some of the leached samples exposed to all five soils by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry showed that Fe migrated into the CCA-treated samples from four of the five soils and Mn migrated into wood exposed to two of the five soils. The presence of Fe and Mn interfered with measurement of Cr retention using two different bench-top energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometers. It has been previously shown that Mn and/or Fe can migrate from soil into wood, and we conclude that this may result in a significant error in determining the amount of metals that leach from CCA-treated wood. Thus, AWPA Method A9-01 may need to be modified to indicate this potential error, and leaching data from prior studies that used energy dispersive instruments may need to be reexamined. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Forest Prod Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53715 USA. RP Schultz, TP (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Forest Prod Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 53 IS 9 BP 77 EP 80 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 723NF UT WOS:000185437900010 ER PT J AU Deal, RL Barbour, RJ Mcclellan, MH Parry, DL AF Deal, RL Barbour, RJ Mcclellan, MH Parry, DL TI Development of epicormic sprouts in Sitka spruce following thinning and pruning in south-east Alaska SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article AB The frequency and size of epicormic sprouts in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) were assessed in five 23-29-year-old mixed Sitka spruce-western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) stands that were uniformly thinned and pruned to 2.4, 3.7 and 5.2 m lift heights. Six to nine years after treatment sprouts were very common with 232 of 236 trees producing sprouts and an average of 9-11 sprouts m(-1) of tree bole. The total numbers of sprouts were similar for the different pruning treatments but significantly more large sprouts (P = 0.025) were produced in the 5.2 m pruning lift. Trees that developed large sprouts were significantly smaller, shorter and had less crown length at the time of pruning than trees without large sprouts. Our results suggest that spruce responds to thinning and pruning treatments with the production of numerous epicormic sprouts. If one of the main goals of pruning is to produce clear, higher-valued wood, Sitka spruce may be a poor candidate species for pruning. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Deal, RL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PD SEP PY 2003 VL 76 IS 4 BP 401 EP 412 DI 10.1093/forestry/76.4.401 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 726LH UT WOS:000185600200003 ER PT J AU Mele, G Ori, N Sato, Y Hake, S AF Mele, G Ori, N Sato, Y Hake, S TI The knotted1-like homeobox gene BREVIPEDICELLUS regulates cell differentiation by modulating metabolic pathways SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE homeobox; Brevipedicellus; Knat1; lignin; microarray; meristem ID OF-FUNCTION MUTATIONS; INFLORESCENCE ARCHITECTURE; MYB PROTEIN; ARABIDOPSIS; LIGNIN; SHOOT; EXPRESSION; MERISTEM; PLANTS; KNAT1 AB Members of the KNOX gene family have important roles in plant meristems by regulating cell division and differentiation. BREVIPEDICELLUS (BP), one of seven KNOX genes in Arabidopsis, has a primary role in internode patterning. We carried out a comparison of RNA expression profiles between wild-type seedlings and bp mutants at a developmental stage prior to a visible phenotypic difference. Transcript differences were found for a number of genes in cell wall biosynthesis, especially genes in the lignin pathway. The regulation of lignin biosynthesis by BP was demonstrated by observing increased lignin deposition in bp mutants following bolting, decreased lignification in plants overexpressing BP, and aberrant lignin deposition in discrete regions of the bp stem. Furthermore, we showed that BP binds promoters of some genes in the lignin pathway. Our results provide a metabolic fingerprint for BP and identify the lignin pathway as one of the coordinate processes that BP regulates. C1 ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hake, S (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 25 TC 128 Z9 139 U1 4 U2 31 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 17 BP 2088 EP 2093 DI 10.1101/gad.1120003 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 717UN UT WOS:000185109300003 PM 12923061 ER PT J AU Machado, MBB Alencar, MM Pereira, AP Oliveira, HN Casas, E Coutinho, LL Regitano, LCA AF Machado, MBB Alencar, MM Pereira, AP Oliveira, HN Casas, E Coutinho, LL Regitano, LCA TI QTL affecting body weight in a candidate region of cattle chromosome 5 SO GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE QTL; growth traits; microsatellite; bovine ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; BOVINE GENOME; TWINNING RATE; GROWTH; POLYMORPHISMS; POPULATIONS; MICE AB The objective of this work was to identify QTLs for liveweight in a candidate region of bovine chromosome 5. Half-sib families from two lines, one traditional and the other new, of Canchim beef cattle (5/8 Charolais + 3/8 Zebu) were genotyped for four microsatellite markers, including the microsatellite in the IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) promoter region. Significant differences in allele distribution between the two lines were found for three markers. Interval mapping analyses in this region indicated the presence of a QTL controlling birth weight (p < 0.05) and of a QTL influencing breeding value for yearling weight (p < 0.01) in the newer line of the breed. The previously identified interaction between the IGF-1 genotype and genetic group strengthens the hypothesis of a linked QTL rather than an IGF-1 effect on growth traits in the Canchim cattle. C1 Embrapa Pecuaria Sudeste, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Genet & Evolucao, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. Univ Estadual Paulista Julio Mesquita Filho, Dept Reprod & Nutr Anim, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Anim Prod, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. RP Regitano, LCA (reprint author), Embrapa Pecuaria Sudeste, Caixa Postal 339, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RI Coutinho, Luiz/C-8455-2012; Alencar, Mauricio/E-1739-2012; Regitano, Luciana/C-7002-2012; OLIVEIRA, HENRIQUE/C-5303-2009 OI Regitano, Luciana/0000-0001-9242-8351; OLIVEIRA, HENRIQUE/0000-0002-3181-1223 NR 37 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC BRASIL GENETICA PI RIBEIRAO PRET PA RUA CAP ADELMIO NORBET DA SILVA, 736, ALTO DA BOA VISTA, 14025-670 RIBEIRAO PRET, BRAZIL SN 1415-4757 J9 GENET MOL BIOL JI Genet. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 26 IS 3 BP 259 EP 265 DI 10.1590/S1415-47572003000300008 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 741GR UT WOS:000186450800008 ER PT J AU Luo, MC Thomas, C You, FM Hsiao, J Shu, OY Buell, CR Malandro, M McGuire, PE Anderson, OD Dvorak, J AF Luo, MC Thomas, C You, FM Hsiao, J Shu, OY Buell, CR Malandro, M McGuire, PE Anderson, OD Dvorak, J TI High-throughput fingerprinting of bacterial artificial chromosomes using the SNaPshot labeling kit and sizing of restriction fragments by capillary electrophoresis SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE fingerprint; capillary electrophoresis; contig; physical mapping; BAC; multiple digestion; high-throughput; end labeling ID GENOME; CLONES; MAP; DNA; STRATEGY; CONTIGS AB We have developed an automated, high-throughput fingerprinting technique for large genomic DNA fragments suitable for the construction of physical maps of large genomes. In the technique described here, BAC DNA is isolated in a 96-well plate format and simultaneously digested with four 6-bp-recognizing restriction endonucleases that generate 3' recessed ends and one 4-bp-recognizing restriction endonuclease that generates a blunt end. Each of the four recessed 3' ends is labeled with a different fluorescent dye, and restriction fragments are sized on a capillary DNA analyzer. The resulting fingerprints are edited with a fingerprint-editing computer program and contigs are assembled with the FPC computer program. The technique was evaluated by repeated fingerprinting of several BACs included as controls in plates during routine fingerprinting of a BAC library and by reconstruction of contigs of rice BAC clones with known positions on rice chromosome 10. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Inst Genomic Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Sagres Discovery, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, WRRC, GGD, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Dvorak, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011 NR 18 TC 169 Z9 181 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD SEP PY 2003 VL 82 IS 3 BP 378 EP 389 DI 10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00128-9 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 713AT UT WOS:000184833100013 PM 12906862 ER PT J AU Green, TR Ahuja, LR Benjamin, JG AF Green, TR Ahuja, LR Benjamin, JG TI Advances and challenges in predicting agricultural management effects on soil hydraulic properties SO GEODERMA LA English DT Review DE soil management; modeling; hydrology; agriculture; agrophysics; spatial data ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; EARTHWORM-AFFECTED SOILS; MOISTURE RETENTION DATA; EFFECTIVE POROSITY DATA; PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ONE-PARAMETER MODEL; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; NO-TILL; WATER-RETENTION AB Agricultural management practices can significantly affect soil hydraulic properties and processes in space and time. These responses are coupled with the processes of infiltration, runoff, erosion, chemical movement, and crop growth. It is essential to quantity and predict management effects on soil properties in order to model their consequent effects on production and the environment. We present work done thus far on this topic area along with the challenges that lie ahead. The effects of tillage and reconsolidation, wheel-track soil compaction, crop residue management, macropore development and management interactions with natural sources of variability, such as topography, are addressed. Whether explicitly or implicitly, the available field studies include interactions between treatments, such as tillage, crop rotation and residue management. Controlled equipment traffic has been shown to have significant effects on soil compaction and related hydraulic properties in some soils and climates, but in others, landscape and temporal variability overwhelm any effects of wheel tracks. New research results on wheel-track effects in Colorado are highlighted along with initial attempts to predict their effects on hydraulic properties. The greatest challenge for the future is improved process-based prediction using a systems approach to include tightly coupled process interactions in space and time. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO USA. RP Green, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, 301 S Howes St,Rm 353, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011 NR 121 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 7 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD SEP PY 2003 VL 116 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 27 DI 10.1016/S0016-7061(03)00091-0 PG 25 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 702XE UT WOS:000184249400002 ER PT J AU Schwartz, RC Evett, SR Unger, PW AF Schwartz, RC Evett, SR Unger, PW TI Soil hydraulic properties of cropland compared with reestablished and native grassland SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE hydraulic properties; porosity; hydraulic conductivity; soil management; tillage; infiltrometers ID UNSATURATED SOILS; TILLAGE; INFILTRATION; CONDUCTIVITY; INFILTROMETERS; MODEL; DISC AB Conversion of cropland to perennial grasses will, over time, produce changes in soil hydraulic properties. The objective of this study was to characterize and compare hydraulic properties of fine-textured soils on adjacent native grassland, recently tilled cropland, and reestablished grassland in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) at three locations in the Southern Great Plains. A tension infiltrometer was used to measure unconfined, unsaturated infiltration over a range of supply pressure heads (nominally, h = -150, -100, -50, and -5 mm H2O) at the soil surface. Intact soil cores were sampled within the Ap and Bt horizons to determine bulk density and water desorption curves, theta(h), at potentials ranging from -0.15 to -100 kPa. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity K(h) over the range in supply pressure heads was estimated using Wooding's equation for steady-state flow from a disc source. The van Genuchten water retention model was fitted to theta(h) data to estimate parameter values. Soils in CRP had greater surface bulk densities than their grassland and cropland counterparts. The shape of the soil water retention curve for grassland and CRP land were similar, suggesting that converted croplands had fully reconsolidated. Mean near-saturated hydraulic conductivities of cropland at h = -5 mm were not significantly different from grassland. However, at -150 mm supply pressure head, cropped soils had a mean unsaturated conductivity 2.3 and 4.1 times greater than CRP land and grassland, respectively. Sites in CRP had the lowest (P < 0.05) near-saturated hydraulic conductivities (h = -5 mm), which suggest that after 10 years, grasses had not fully ameliorated changes in pore structure caused by tillage. Comparison of unsaturated conductivities for grassland and CRP land suggest that long-term structural development on native grasslands was principally confined to effective pore radii greater than 300 mum. Land use practices had a greater effect on water movement than did soil series, indicating that the modifying effects of tillage, reconsolidation, and pore structure evolution on hydraulic properties are important processes governing water movement in these fine-textured soils. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Schwartz, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 32 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD SEP PY 2003 VL 116 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0016-7061(03)00093-4 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 702XE UT WOS:000184249400004 ER PT J AU Rawls, WJ Pachepsky, YA Ritchie, JC Sobecki, TM Bloodworth, H AF Rawls, WJ Pachepsky, YA Ritchie, JC Sobecki, TM Bloodworth, H TI Effect of soil organic carbon on soil water retention SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE organic carbon; water retention; pedotransfer function; regression tree; soil quality ID PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; PARAMETERS; PREDICTION; SLUDGE; LOAM AB Reports about the relationship between soil water retention and organic carbon content are contradictory. We hypothesized that this relationship is affected by both proportions of textural components and amount of organic carbon. To test the hypothesis, we used the U.S. National Soil Characterization database and the database from pilot studies on soil quality as affected by long-term management. Regression trees and group method of data handling (GMDH) revealed a complex joint effect of texture and taxonomic order on water retention at -33 kPa. Adding information on taxonomic order and on taxonomic order and organic carbon content to the textural class brought 10% and 20% improvement in water retention estimation, respectively, as compared with estimation from the textural class alone. Using total clay, sand and silt along with organic carbon content and taxonomic order resulted in 25% improvement in accuracy over using textural classes. Similar but lower trends in accuracy were found for water retention at -1500 kPa and the slope of the water retention curve. At low organic carbon contents, the sensitivity of the water retention to changes in organic matter content was highest in sandy soils. Increase in organic matter content led to increase of water retention in sandy soils, and to a decrease in fine-textured soils. At high organic carbon values, all soils showed an increase in water retention. The largest increase was in sandy and silty soils. Results are expressed as equations that can be used to evaluate effect of the carbon sequestration and management practices on soil hydraulic properties. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, BARC E, BA, ANRI,AWPL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, NRCS, Resource Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC E, BA, ANRI,AWPL, Bldg 173, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 41 TC 232 Z9 244 U1 11 U2 124 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD SEP PY 2003 VL 116 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 76 DI 10.1016/S0016-7061(03)00094-6 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 702XE UT WOS:000184249400005 ER PT J AU Benjamin, JG Nielsen, DC Vigil, MF AF Benjamin, JG Nielsen, DC Vigil, MF TI Quantifying effects of soil conditions on plant growth and crop production SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE soil-plant relationships; soil productivity; water availability; corn; wheat; crop rotation ID LIMITING WATER RANGE AB Soil management decisions often are aimed at improving or maintaining the soil in a productive condition. Several indicators have been used to denote changes in the soil by various management practices, but changes in bulk density is the most commonly reported factor. Bulk density, in and of itself, gives little insight on the underlying soil environment that affects plant growth. We investigated using the Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR) to evaluate changes in the soil caused by soil management. The LLWR combines limitations to root growth caused by water holding capacity, soil strength and soil aeration into a single number that can be used to determine soil physical improvement or degradation. The LLWR appeared to be a good indicator of plant productivity when the full potential of water holding capacity on available water can be realized, such as with wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) grown in a no-till system when the wheat followed a fallow period. A regression of wheat yield to LLWR gave an r(2) of 0.76. The LLWR was a poorer indicator of plant productivity when conditions such as low total water availability limited the expression of the potential soil status on crop production. Dryland corn (Zea mays, L.) yields were more poorly correlated with LLWR (r(2)=0.18), indicating that, under dryland conditions, in-season factors relating to water infiltration may be more important to corn production than water holding capacity. An improved method to evaluate in-season soil environmental dynamics was made by using Water Stress Day (WSD). The WSD was calculated by summing the differences of actual water contents in the field from the limits identified by the LLWR during the growing season. A regression of irrigated corn yield with LLWR as the soil indicator of the soil environment resulted in an r(2) of 0.002. A regression of the same yield data with WSD as the indicator of the soil environment resulted in an r(2) of 0.60. We concluded that the LLWR can be a useful measure of management effects on soil potential productivity. Soil management practices that maximize the LLWR can maximize the potential of a soil for crop production. Knowledge of the LLWR for a soil can help the farm manager optimize growing conditions by helping schedule irrigation and for making tillage decisions. The WSD, calculated from the LLWR and in-season water dynamics, allows us to evaluate changes in the soil caused by differing soil management practices and identify critical periods of stress on the plant that can reduce production. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Benjamin, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 8 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD SEP PY 2003 VL 116 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1016/S0016-7061(03)00098-3 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 702XE UT WOS:000184249400009 ER PT J AU Malone, RW Logsdon, S Shipitalo, MJ Weatherington-Rice, J Ahuja, L Ma, L AF Malone, RW Logsdon, S Shipitalo, MJ Weatherington-Rice, J Ahuja, L Ma, L TI Tillage effect on macroporosity and herbicide transport in percolate SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE preferential flow; RZWQM; contaminant transport; model validation; macropores ID SURFACE-APPLIED CHEMICALS; WATER-QUALITY MODEL; SILT LOAM SOIL; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; NO-TILL; SOLUTE MOVEMENT; TENSION INFILTROMETERS; INFILTRATION; EARTHWORM AB Research suggests that pesticide transport to tile drains and shallow groundwater may be greater for no-till than tilled soil. Also, most pesticide transport through soil can be from macropore flow, but the effect of tillage on macropore transport is uncertain. Our objective was to investigate the effect of tillage on herbicide leaching through hydraulically active macropores. The number of percolate-producing macropores at 30 cm (nmacro) and the timing of initial percolate were measured from an experiment where atrazine, alachlor and rainfall were applied to moldboard plowed (MP) and no-till (NT) undisturbed soil blocks from two different silt loam soils. Alachlor and atrazine transport through the undisturbed soil blocks was simulated using the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM). The time of initial percolate breakthrough at 30 cm was significantly less for NT than for MP (p<0.001), but nmacro was not significantly different between MP and NT treatments. Additionally, nmacro was significantly different between the two silt loam soils (p<0.001). Multiple linear regression revealed that flow-weighted herbicide concentration in percolate decreased with increasing nmacro (cm(-2)) and increasing time for initial percolate breakthrough (min) (R-2=0.87 for alachlor and 0.85 for atrazine). Because a small fraction of nmacro, produces the majority of percolate, we used half of measured nmacro for RZWQM input. Also, soil parameters were calibrated to accurately simulate the water flow component timing of percolate arrival and percolate amount through macropores. This parameterization strategy resulted in accurate predicted herbicide concentrations in percolate at 30 cm using RZWQM (within the range of observations). The modeling results suggest that differences in soil properties other than macroporosity such as a lower soil matrix saturated hydraulic conductivity and porosity in subsurface soil (8-30 cm) can cause percolate to occur sooner through macropores on NT than on MP and cause higher herbicide concentrations in percolate on NT, even when nmacro does not differ between till and no-till. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH USA. Bennett & Williams Environm Consultants Inc, Columbus, OH USA. USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Malone, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 57 TC 44 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD SEP PY 2003 VL 116 IS 1-2 BP 191 EP 215 DI 10.1016/S0016-7061(03)00101-0 PG 25 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 702XE UT WOS:000184249400012 ER PT J AU Flerchinger, GN Sauer, TJ Aiken, RA AF Flerchinger, GN Sauer, TJ Aiken, RA TI Effects of crop residue cover and architecture on heat and water transfer at the soil surface SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE evaporation; soil freezing; soil frost; soil temperature; corn residue; wheat residue ID CHOPPED CORN RESIDUE; SHAW MODEL; MULCH MATERIALS; STUBBLE HEIGHT; ENERGY-BALANCE; SYSTEM; WINTER; FIELD; BELT; MICROCLIMATE AB Different residue types and standing stubble versus distributed flat residues affect heat and water transfer at the soil surface to varying degrees. Understanding the effects of various residue configurations can assist in better residue management decisions, but this is complex due to various interacting influences. Therefore, modeling the effects of crop residues on heat and water movement can be an effective tool to assess the benefits of differing residues types and architectures for various climates. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of the Simultaneous Heat And Water (SHAW) model for simulating the effects of residue type and architecture on heat and water transfer at the surface and to evaluate the impacts of differing residue types and architectures on heat and water transfer in significantly different climates. The model was tested on bare tilled soils and corn, wheat and millet residues having varying amounts of standing and distributed flat residues for three separate locations: Ames, IA, Akron, CO and Pullman, WA. Modifications to the model were necessary to correctly simulate the effect of wind on convective transfer through a flat corn residue layer. Model efficiencies for simulated soil temperature approached or exceeded 0.90 for nearly all residue treatments and locations. The root mean square deviation for simulated water content compared to measured values was typically around 0.04 m(3) m(-3). Satisfied that the model could reasonably simulate the effect of residue type and architecture, the model was applied to simulate the effects of differing residue architectures to 30 years of generated weather conditions for four diverse climate stations: Boise, ID; Spokane, WA; Des Moines, IA; Minneapolis, MN. Simulated frost depths for bare and standing residues were typically deeper than for flat residues. Bare soil had the highest evaporation at all sites, and flat wheat residue generally had the lowest evaporation. The wetter climates (Des Moines and Minneapolis) tended to favor flat residues for reducing evaporation more so than the drier climates. Near-surface soil temperature under standing residues warmed to 5 degreesC in the spring by as much as 5-9 days earlier compared to bare and flat residue cover depending on location, which can have important ramifications for early seedling germination and plant establishment. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Kansas State Univ, Colby, KS USA. RP Flerchinger, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza 4,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. NR 29 TC 34 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD SEP PY 2003 VL 116 IS 1-2 BP 217 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0016-7061(03)00102-2 PG 17 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 702XE UT WOS:000184249400013 ER PT J AU Davis, KJ Bakwin, PS Yi, CX Berger, BW Zhao, CL Teclaw, RM Isebrands, JG AF Davis, KJ Bakwin, PS Yi, CX Berger, BW Zhao, CL Teclaw, RM Isebrands, JG TI The annual cycles of CO2 and H2O exchange over a northern mixed forest as observed from a very tall tower SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE annual cycle; atmospheric boundary layer budget; carbon dioxide; eddy covariance; evapotranspiration; northern mixed forest ID CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; SURFACE-AIR EXCHANGE; LONG-TERM; DECIDUOUS FOREST; EDDY-COVARIANCE; MICROMETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; UNITED-STATES; WATER-VAPOR; ECOSYSTEM AB We present the annual patterns of net ecosystem-atmosphere exchange (NEE) of CO2 and H2O observed from a 447 m tall tower sited within a mixed forest in northern Wisconsin, USA. The methodology for determining NEE from eddy-covariance flux measurements at 30, 122 and 396 m above the ground, and from CO2 mixing ratio measurements at 11, 30, 76, 122, 244 and 396 m is described. The annual cycle of CO2 mixing ratio in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is also discussed, and the influences of local NEE and large-scale advection are estimated. During 1997 gross ecosystem productivity (947-18 g cm(-2) yr(-1)), approximately balanced total ecosystem respiration (963 +/- 19 g C m(-2) yr(-1)), and NEE of CO2 was close to zero (16 +/- 19g C m(-2) yr(-1) emitted into the atmosphere). The error bars represent the standard error of the cumulative daily NEE values. Systematic errors are also assessed. The identified systematic uncertainties in NEE of CO2 are less than 60 g C m(-2) yr(-1). The seasonal pattern of NEE of CO2 was highly correlated with leaf-out and leaf-fall, and soil thaw and freeze, and was similar to purely deciduous forest sites. The mean daily NEE of CO2 during the growing season (June through August) was -1.3 g C m(-2) day(-1), smaller than has been reported for other deciduous forest sites. NEE of water vapor largely followed the seasonal pattern of NEE of CO2, with a lag in the spring when water vapor fluxes increased before CO2 uptake. In general, the Bowen ratios were high during the dormant seasons and low during the growing season. Evapotranspiration normalized by potential evapotranspiration showed the opposite pattern. The seasonal course of the CO2 mixing ratio in the ABL at the tower led the seasonal pattern of NEE of CO2 in time: in spring, CO2 mixing ratios began to decrease prior to the onset of daily net uptake of CO2 by the forest, and in fall mixing ratios began to increase before the forest became a net source for CO2 to the atmosphere. Transport as well as local NEE of CO2 are shown to be important components of the ABL CO2 budget at all times of the year. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Copper Mt Community Coll, Joshua Tree, CA 92252 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Davis, KJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Yi, Chuixiang/A-1388-2013 NR 45 TC 140 Z9 140 U1 1 U2 31 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1278 EP 1293 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00672.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 725TJ UT WOS:000185558200004 ER PT J AU Liu, HP Bauer, LS Gao, RT Zhao, TH Petrice, TR Haack, RA AF Liu, HP Bauer, LS Gao, RT Zhao, TH Petrice, TR Haack, RA TI Exploratory survey for the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera : Buprestidae), and its natural enemies in China SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB An exploratory survey for the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, and its natural enemies was conducted in China during October and November 2003. We examined 29 field plots in six provinces. We visually inspected living Fraxinus chinensis, F. mandshurica, F. pennsylvanica, F. rhynchophylla, and F. velutina then peeled off the bark in search of A. planipennis and associated natural enemies. We found active A. planipennis infestations in nine of the 29 field plots, including plots in the provinces of Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, and the provincial level city of Tianjin. Signs of past A. planipennis infestations were found in five of the 20 plots where no active infestations were present. The distribution of A. planipennis was patchy within the forest, and larval densities varied greatly among trees and at different heights within the same tree. Agrilus planipennis densities ranged from 0 to 284 larvae/m(2) of bark surface for 1-m log sections. The Nearctic ash species, F pennsylvanica and F velutina, planted in China were apparently more susceptible to A. planipennis attack than were the native Chinese ash species. Similarly, ash trees growing along streets or in plantations or city parks were more susceptible to A. planipennis infestation compared with trees in natural forests. We identified two species of natural enemies attacking A. planipennis during this survey. In Changchun City, Jilin Province and Guangang District, Tianjin City, we found a previously reported but undescribed species of Spathius sp. (Braconidae) parasitizing an average of 6.3% A. planipennis larvae in individual trees, ranging from 0 to 50%. In Changchun City, Jilin Province and in Benxi County, Liaoning Province, we discovered a previously unknown gregarious endoparasitoid of A. planipennis larvae, Tetrastichus nov. sp. (Eulophidae), with a total parasitism rate of 6.6% in individual trees, ranging from 0 to 50%. We discussed the potential role of natural enemies in the management of A. planipennis in North America. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. RP Liu, HP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM liuho@msu.edu NR 16 TC 84 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 22 PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC PI E LANSING PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 USA SN 0090-0222 J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL JI Gt. Lakes Entomol. PD FAL-WIN PY 2003 VL 36 IS 3-4 BP 191 EP 204 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 895KV UT WOS:000226861400011 ER PT J AU Bouwer, H AF Bouwer, H TI About Herman Bouwer SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATIONAL GROUND WATER ASSOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 41 IS 5 BP 709 EP 713 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02409.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 718FF UT WOS:000185133900019 PM 13678125 ER PT J AU Motamayor, JC Risterucci, AM Heath, M Lanaud, C AF Motamayor, JC Risterucci, AM Heath, M Lanaud, C TI Cacao domestication II: progenitor germplasm of the Trinitario cacao cultivar SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE Theobroma cacao L.; Trinitario; progenitor germplasm; genetic diversity; domestication; molecular markers ID LINKAGE MAP; PATERNITY AB Cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.) has been cultivated in Central America since pre- Columbian times. The type of cacao cultivated in this region was called Criollo; cacao populations from the Amazon basin were called Forastero. The type of Forastero most commonly cultivated until 1950 was named Amelonado. Historical data show Trinitario cacao to have originated in Trinidad, resulting from natural hybridisation between Criollo and Amelonado Forastero. Doubts persist on the source of the Amelonado Forastero involved in the origin of Trinitario; the Amelonado parent may have come from the Lower Amazon, the Orinoco or the Guyanas. Most of the cacao cultivated worldwide until 1950 consisted of Criollo, Trinitario and Amelonado. From the early 1950s, Forastero material collected in the Upper Amazon region during the 1930s and 1940s began to be employed in breeding programmes. To gain a better understanding of the origin and the genetic basis of the cacao cultivars exploited before the utilisation of germplasm collected in the Upper Amazon, a study was carried out using restriction fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite markers. Trinitario samples from 17 countries were analysed. With molecular markers, it was possible to clearly identify three main genotypes ( represented by clones SP1, MAT1-6 and SIAL70) implicated in the origin of most Trinitario clones. C1 CIRAD, Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agron Dev, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. USDA ARS, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Motamayor, JC (reprint author), MasterfoodsUSA, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 26 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 6 U2 17 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD SEP PY 2003 VL 91 IS 3 BP 322 EP 330 DI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800298 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 717FN UT WOS:000185076200018 PM 12939635 ER PT J AU Martens, GW Lunney, JK Baker, JE Smith, DM AF Martens, GW Lunney, JK Baker, JE Smith, DM TI Rapid assignment of swine leukocyte antigen haplotypes in pedigreed herds using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE swine leukocyte antigen; PCR-site specific primer; major histocompatibility complex; SLA haplotypes; molecular genotyping ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; CLASS-II GENES; MINIATURE SWINE; HLA-A; PCR AMPLIFICATION; DNA; EXPRESSION; TRANSPLANTATION; RECOMBINATION; CLONES AB We present a simple assay to determine the swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) haplotypes of animals within two experimental populations of MHC defined miniature pigs. The Yucatan miniature pigs have four founder haplotypes (w, x, y, z) and one recombinant haplotype (q). The NIH miniature pigs have three founder haplotypes (a, c, d) and two recombinant haplotypes (f, g). Because most crossovers occur between the class I and class II regions, haplotypes can be assigned by typing one class I locus and one class II locus for practical purposes. We have previously characterized these seven founder haplotypes by sequencing the cDNA of three SLA class I loci, designated as SLA-1, SLA-3 and SLA-2 and four SLA class II loci, SLA-DQA1, SLA-DQB1, SLA-DRA1 and SLA-DRB1. These sequences were used to design allele-specific primers to amplify one MHC class I and one MHC class II gene for each haplotype. Primers were tested for specificity in homozygous and heterozygous animals. Positive control primers were also designed to amplify a portion of the E-selectin or alpha-actin gene and multiplexed with the allele-specific primers to check for false negatives. This combination of allele-specific and positive control primers produced specific and robust PCR-site-specific primer assays for assigning SLA haplotypes in the two populations. C1 Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Transplant Immunol Lab, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smith, DM (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Transplant Immunol Lab, 3500 Junius St, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PD SEP PY 2003 VL 55 IS 6 BP 395 EP 401 DI 10.1007/s00251-003-0596-3 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA 722UD UT WOS:000185394600006 PM 12937957 ER PT J AU Grasela, JJ McIntosh, AH AF Grasela, JJ McIntosh, AH TI Application of inter-simple sequence repeats to insect cell lines: Identification at the clonal and tissue-specific level SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE inter-simple sequence repeats; ISSR; insect cell line; DNA fingerprint ID RAPD-PCR; ESTABLISHMENT; LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS; AMPLIFICATION; NOCTUIDAE; VIRUS AB Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers designed to anneal to microsatellites were used to obtain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fingerprint profiles to distinguish among 16 established insect cell lines derived from an assortment of lepidopteran, dipteran. and coleopteran species. Three different levels of cell line Comparison were made: (1) between parents and their clones, (2) among cell lines derived from different tissues from the same species, and (3) among cell lines derived front different insect species. Of the 16 repeat oligonucleotide primers used in this study, nine primers generated several unique markers to distinguish between parental cell lines and their clones. Four of the 16 primers also generated DNA profiles with a number Of unique bands, enabling the distinction among cell lines derived from specific tissues from the same species. In addition, ISSR-generated DNA profiles provide the greatest number of unique markers to distinguish easily among insect cell lines derived front different species. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Grasela, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd,Res Pk, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM graselajj@missouri.edu NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 39 IS 8-9 BP 353 EP 363 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 807WZ UT WOS:000220532900005 PM 15038778 ER PT J AU NcNeel, RL Smith, EO Mersmann, HJ AF NcNeel, RL Smith, EO Mersmann, HJ TI Isomers of conjugated linoleic acid modulate human preadipocyte differentiation SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE adipocyte differentiation; PPAR gamma lipoprotein lipase; adipocyte proliferation; oleic acid ID ADIPOCYTE-CHARACTERISTIC PROTEINS; ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA; 3T3-L1 PREADIPOCYTES; PPAR-GAMMA; FATTY-ACIDS; IN-VITRO; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; PORCINE ADIPOCYTES; PRECURSOR CELLS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE AB Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) reduce fat deposition in several mammalian species. Among the proposed mechanisms for this effect are reduced preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. We measured proliferation and differentiation of cultured human preadipocytes treated with CLAs. Prendipocytes were differentiated with insulin, hydrocortisone , transferrin, and 10% fetal bovine serum. with isobutyl-methylxanthine included for the first 2 d. The differentiation medium) contained 200 muM oleic acid (C18:1), 50 muM cis-9.trans-11-CLA (9,11-CLA). or 50 muM trans-10,cis-12-CLA (10,12-CLA); the negative control medium contained no added fatty acid, and the cells did not differentiate. Cell number increased three to four times (hiring the 17 d of differentiation, but was 30-35% lower in the CLA-treated cells than in the negative control cells. Compared with the negative control cells, differentiation was increased in the cells treated with C18:1 (increased Oil Red O-stained material [OROSM], triacyglycerol, glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity [GPDH], peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma [PPARgamma] messenger ribonucleic acid [mRNA], and lipoprotein lipase [LPL] mRNA). In effect, the C18:1-treated cells act as a positive control to demonstrate the differentiation capacity of each cell lot. Both 9,11-CLA- and 10,12-CLA-treated cells had increased differentiation (increased OROSM, triacylglycerol, GPDH, PPARgamma and LPL) compared with the negative control cells. The data suggest that early in differentiation when de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis is limited and competition for FAs by membrane and triacylglycerol synthetic pathways is great, human preadipocytes do not differentiate unless a PPARgamma ligand is added. Either CLA isomer or C18:1 call provide such a ligand. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Mersmann, HJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mersmann@bcm.tmc.edu NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 39 IS 8-9 BP 375 EP 382 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 807WZ UT WOS:000220532900008 ER PT J AU Cheong, EJ Pooler, MR AF Cheong, EJ Pooler, MR TI Micropropagation of chinese redbud (Cercis yunnanensis) through axillary bud breaking and induction of adventitious shoots from leaf pieces SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE organogenesis; propagation; regeneration; tissue culture; thidiazuron ID THIDIAZURON; CANADENSIS AB Factors affecting in vitro shoot production and regeneration of Cercis yunnanensis Hu et Cheng were investigated by comparing various growth regulators and explant types. For optimum shoot production from axillary buds, Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing 6-benzyladenine, either alone or in combination with a low concentration of thidiazuron, resulted in the greatest number of shoots formed per explant (>3). Explants (2 mm long) containing one axillary bud placed in direct contact with the medium yielded the most shoots per bud (1.6) when grown on growth regulator-free medium. Root formation on 70-80% of shoot explants was accomplished using either indole-3-butyric acid or alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid in the medium, with significantly more roots formed on explants possessing an apical bud than those without the bud. Direct shoot organogenesis from leaf explants occurred on MS medium containing 10-30 muM thidiazuron, with up to 42% of leaf explants producing shoots. C1 ARS, USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Washington, DC 20002 USA. Korea Forest Res Inst, Seogwipo 697050, Jeju, South Korea. RP Pooler, MR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Natl Arboretum, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, 3501 New York Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 39 IS 5 BP 455 EP 458 DI 10.1079/IVP2003446 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 727CN UT WOS:000185638900005 ER PT J AU Adamsen, FJ Coffelt, TA Nelson, JM AF Adamsen, FJ Coffelt, TA Nelson, JM TI Flowering and seed yield of lesquerella as affected by nitrogen fertilization and seeding rate SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE automated flower counting; digital images; Lesquerella fendleri ID DATE; FENDLERI; DENSITY; GROWTH AB The lesquerolic acid in lesquerella seed can be used in industrial applications such as greases, cosmetics, polishes, inks. and coatings. Successful commercialization of lesquerella will depend on the development of improved cultural practices. Lesquerella flowers are bright yellow and are prominently displayed. As a result, many cultural practices could be tied to flowering in a qualitative way. A new method of estimating flowers such as those of lesquerella using digital images has been developed that is rapid, not labor intensive, and can be automated. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on flowering of lesquerella, and to develop relationships between seed yield and flowering. The lesquerella crop was planted on 15 October 1997, at the Maricopa Agricultural Center, approximately 40 km south of Phoenix, Arizona on a variable Mohall sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed hyperthermic, Typic Haplargid). The experimental design was a complete factorial of three fertilizer rates and four seeding rates. Ammonium sulfate at rates of 0, 60 and 120 kg of N ha(-1) was applied at flowering on 18 March 1998. Digital images of the plots were taken periodically from 19 March 1998 to 4 June 1998 using a color digital camera. Images were acquired between 1030 and 1300 h MST. In this experiment, the crop did not respond to seeding rate. Flowers present at initial bloom could be used to estimate stand establishment. The early flowers did not contribute much to final yield, but flowers present in the first 3 weeks of May were a good predictor of yield. Flowering increased with N additions and noticeable peaks in flowering occurred after irrigations. The new method was verified as a viable method for estimating flower number. The method of flower estimation should also be useful for plant breeders for selection of earlier maturing lines, which would increase the potential for use of lesquerella in rotational systems. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Adamsen, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(03)00039-6 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 705WK UT WOS:000184418800005 ER PT J AU Holser, RA AF Holser, RA TI Properties of refined milkweed press oil SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE new crop; oilseed; milkweed; Asclepias AB The seed floss from Asclepias is currently harvested as a hypoallergenic fiber fill material for use in pillows and comforters. Milkweed seed is harvested with the floss although the oil contained in the seed is not used commercially. Milkweed oil was investigated as an alternative source of triglycerides for potential industrial applications. Processing conditions were investigated to produce degummed, refined, and bleached press oil. Milkweed oil was expelled from whole seed using a pilot-scale press and processed in the laboratory to produce refined and bleached oil. A high quality oil with a Lovibond color of 2Y and 0.2R was obtained following degumming with 3 wt.% water, refining with 3 M sodium hydroxide, and bleaching with 5% activated earth. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Holser, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2 BP 133 EP 138 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(03)00040-2 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 705WK UT WOS:000184418800006 ER PT J AU Marshall, WE Wartelle, LH AF Marshall, WE Wartelle, LH TI Acid recycling to optimize citric acid-modified soybean hull production SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE modified soybean hulls; citric acid recycling; copper ion adsorption ID AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCTS; ADSORBENTS; ADSORPTION AB Modification of soybean hulls with citric acid (CA) improves the metal ion binding capacity of the hulls. A process for this modification has been developed. However, the process must be optimized for it to be cost effective. In this regard, the objectives of this study were (1) to develop a wash procedure to remove non-reacted or residual CA after soybean hull modification in order to maximize the amount of non-reacted acid removed, but minimize the subsequent effect on the product's ability to adsorb copper ion (Cu2+), and (2) to determine whether recycling non-reacted acid in the modification process, along with unused acid, can produce a product with similar copper ion adsorption compared with the use of unused acid only. To meet these objectives, an effective water washing procedure was developed to remove the residual CA associated with the modified soybean hulls. This washing procedure included removal of non-reacted acid, evaporation of excess water to the original volume of acid solution used, and addition of unused CA to reconstitute the solution to its original molarity. Reconstituted CA solutions prepared in this manner were used through three cycles of soybean hull modification. The effectiveness of the reconstituted CA to modify soybean hulls after each cycle was measured by the modified hulls ability to bind copper ions in solution. After three reaction cycles, there was a 7% reduction in copper ion adsorption. In general, two water wash cycles were necessary to remove sufficient non-reacted CA so that metal ion binding of the hulls was not affected, and the use of residual CA to modify soybean hulls can be successfully accomplished with only a small reduction in copper ion binding. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Marshall, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687,1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2 BP 177 EP 182 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(03)00060-8 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 705WK UT WOS:000184418800011 ER PT J AU Cermak, SC Isbell, TA AF Cermak, SC Isbell, TA TI Synthesis and physical properties of estolide-based functional fluids SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE cloud point; coconut; estolides; lauric; oleic; pour point; viscosity ID ACID-CATALYZED CONDENSATION; VEGETABLE-OILS; FATTY-ACIDS; OLEIC-ACID; LUBRICANTS AB Biodegradable. vegetable oil-based lubricants must have better low temperature properties as well as comparable cost to petroleum oil before they can become widely acceptable in the marketplace. These include low pour point temperature, low viscosity and viscosity indices that do not change over a wide temperature range. Our objective was to synthesize estolides from various sources with improved lubricating physical properties. Oleic acid and lauric acid were treated with varying equivalents of perchloric acid at 60 degreesC to produce complex estolides. Yields ranged between 45 and 75% after purification by Kugelrohr distillation. The estolide number (EN), the average number of fatty acid units added to a base fatty acid, varied with reaction conditions. The saturate-capped, oleic estolides were esterified with 2-ethylhexanol to obtain high yields of the corresponding ester. Coconut-oleic 2-ethylhexyl estolide esters were produced by varying the ratio of oleic and coconut fatty acids with 0.05 equivalents of HClO4 to give estolides with excellent cold temperature properties. The amount of oligomerization (EN) played an important role on viscosity; viscosity increased with higher oligomerization. The free acid estolides were generally several hundred centistokes (cSt) more viscous than their corresponding esters. The viscosity index ranged from 141 to 170 for the free acid estolides, whereas the complex estolide 2-ethylhexyl esters had slightly higher viscosity indices, which ranged from 159 to 232. These new coco-oleic estolide esters displayed superior low temperature properties (-36 degreesC), were of reasonable cost, and were more suitable as a base stock for biodegradable lubricants and functional fluids than current vegetable oil-based commercial materials. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cermak, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 27 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2 BP 183 EP 196 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(03)00061-X PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 705WK UT WOS:000184418800012 ER PT J AU Norimine, J Mosqueda, J Suarez, C Palmer, GH McElwain, TF Mbassa, G Brown, WC AF Norimine, J Mosqueda, J Suarez, C Palmer, GH McElwain, TF Mbassa, G Brown, WC TI Stimulation of T-helper cell gamma interferon and immunoglobulin G responses specific for Babesia bovis rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP-1) or a RAP-1 protein lacking the carboxy-terminal repeat region is insufficient to provide protective immunity against virulent B-bovis challenge SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGEN ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE; MEROZOITE SURFACE-PROTEINS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; LYMPHOCYTE-RESPONSES; RECALL RESPONSES; NITRIC-OXIDE; B-BIGEMINA; EPITOPES; ANTIGENS; CATTLE AB Rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP-1) is a targeted vaccine antigen for Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina infections of cattle. The 60-kDa B. bovis RAP-1 is recognized by antibodies and T lymphocytes from cattle that recovered from infection and were immune to subsequent challenge. Immunization with native or recombinant protein was reported to reduce parasitemias in challenged animals. We recently reported that the NT domain of B. bovis RAP-1 contained immunodominant T-cell epitopes, whereas the repeat-rich CT domain was less immunostimulatory for T lymphocytes from cattle immune to B. bovis. The present study was therefore designed to test the hypothesis that the NT region of RAP-1, used as a vaccine with interleukin-12 and RIBI (catalog no. R-730; RIBI Immunochem Research, Inc., Hamilton, Mont. [now Corixa, Seattle, Wash.]) adjuvant to induce a type 1 response, would prime calves for antibody and T-helper cell responses comparable to or greater than those induced by full-length RAP-1 containing the C-terminal repeats. Furthermore, a type I immune response to RAP-1 was hypothesized to induce protection against challenge. Following four inoculations of either recombinant full-length RAP-1 or RAP-1 NT protein, RAP-1-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers, T-lymphocyte proliferation, and gamma interferon production were similar. Similar numbers of NT region peptides were recognized. However, in spite of the presence of strong RAP-1-specific IgG and CD4+-T-lymphocyte responses that were recalled upon challenge, neither antigen stimulated a protective immune response. We conclude that successful priming of calves with recombinant RAP-1 and adjuvants that elicit strong Th1 cell and IgG responses is insufficient to protect calves against virulent B. bovis challenge. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Brown, WC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Suarez, Carlos/A-3121-2008 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI30136] NR 46 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 71 IS 9 BP 5021 EP 5032 DI 10.1128/IAI.71.9.5021-5032.2003 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 715WR UT WOS:000184996600024 PM 12933845 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Miller, JM Palmer, MV Stabel, JR Jones, DE Koistinen, KA Steadham, EM Hamilton, MJ Davis, WC Bannantine, JP AF Waters, WR Miller, JM Palmer, MV Stabel, JR Jones, DE Koistinen, KA Steadham, EM Hamilton, MJ Davis, WC Bannantine, JP TI Early induction of humoral and cellular immune responses during experimental Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis infection of calves SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BONE-MARROW MACROPHAGES; GAMMA-INTERFERON; NITRIC-OXIDE; GENE-EXPRESSION; SUBCLINICAL PARATUBERCULOSIS; BOVINE PARATUBERCULOSIS; GROWTH-INHIBITION; TONSILLAR LESIONS AB Johne's disease (paratuberculosis) of cattle is widespread and causes significant economic losses for producers due to decreased production and poor health of affected animals. The chronic nature of the disease and the lack of a reproducible model of infection hinder research efforts. In the present study, instillation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis into the tonsillar crypts of neonatal calves resulted in peripheral colonization as detected by antemortem culture of feces and postmortem (320 days postchallenge) culture of intestinal tissues. Antigen-specific blastogenic, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and nitric oxide responses by blood mononuclear cells from infected calves exceeded prechallenge responses beginning 194 days postchallenge. Upon in vitro stimulation with paratuberculosis antigens, CD4(+) cells from infected calves proliferated, produced IFN-gamma, and increased expression of CD26 and CD45RO (indicative of an activated memory phenotype). Utilizing a lipoarabinomannan-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, specific serum immunoglobulin was detected as early as 134 days postchallenge and generally increased after this time point. Two antigens of similar to50 and similar to60 kDa were particularly immunodominant early in infection, as shown by immunoblot with serum collected within 2 weeks postchallenge. Findings indicate that the intratonsillar inoculation route will prove useful as an experimental model for paratuberculosis infection. Additionally, this study confirms that mycobacteria-specific antibody is detectable early in the course of experimental Johne's disease, even preceding the development of specific cell-mediated responses. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 60 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 71 IS 9 BP 5130 EP 5138 DI 10.1128/IAI.71.9.5130-5138.2003 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 715WR UT WOS:000184996600035 PM 12933856 ER PT J AU Zhu, YC Zeng, FR Oppert, B AF Zhu, YC Zeng, FR Oppert, B TI Molecular cloning of trypsin-like cDNAs and comparison of proteinase activities in the salivary glands and gut of the tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera : Miridae) SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tarnished plant bug; Lygus lineolaris; digestion; serine proteinase; trypsin; azocasein; BApNA; cDNA; proteinase inhibitor ID CREONTIADES-DILUTUS HEMIPTERA; CHORISTONEURA-FUMIFERANA; DIGESTIVE PROTEASES; MIDGUT TRYPSIN; MANDUCA-SEXTA; INHIBITORS; COLEOPTERA; ENZYMES; LARVAE; GENE AB Using specific proteinase inhibitors, we demonstrated that serine proteinases in the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris, are major proteinases in both salivary glands and gut tissues. Gut proteinases were less sensitive to inhibition than proteinases from the salivary glands. Up to 80% azocaseinase and 90% of BApNAse activities in the salivary glands were inhibited by aprotinin, benzamidine, and PMSF, whereas only 46% azocaseinase and 60% BApNAse activities in the gut were suppressed by benzamidine, leupeptin, and TLCK. The pH optima for azocaseinase activity in salivary glands ranged from 6.2 to 10.6, whereas the pH optima for gut proteinases was acidic for general and alkaline for tryptic proteinases. Zymogram analysis demonstrated that similar to26-kDa proteinases from salivary glands were active against both gelatin and casein substrates. Three trypsin-like cDNAs, L1SgP2-4, and one trypsin-like cDNA, L1GtP1, were cloned from salivary glands and gut, respectively. Putative trypsin precursors from all cloned cDNAs contained a signal peptide, activation peptide, and conserved N-termini (IVGG). Other structural features included His, Asp, and Ser residues for the catalytic amino acid triad of serine proteinase active sites, residues for the binding pocket, and four pairs of cysteine residues for disulfide bridges. Deduced trypsin-like proteins from L1SgP2, L1SgP3, and L1GtP1 cDNAs shared 98-99% sequence identity with a previously reported trypsin-like precursor, whereas the trypsin-like protein of L1SgP4 shared only 44% sequence identity with all other trypsin-like proteins, indicating multi-trypsin forms are present in L. lineolaris. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, JWDSRC, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Zhu, YC (reprint author), USDA ARS, JWDSRC, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 42 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 33 IS 9 BP 889 EP 899 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(03)00094-8 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 718QH UT WOS:000185157600004 PM 12915180 ER PT J AU Pettis, JS Ochoa, R Orr, J AF Pettis, JS Ochoa, R Orr, J TI Interception of a live Varroa mite on imported cut flowers in the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article ID JACOBSONI C1 USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Atlanta, GA 30354 USA. RP Pettis, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476 BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIRA PUBLISHING HOUSE PI WEST BLOOMFIELD PA P O BOX 250456, WEST BLOOMFIELD, MI 48325-0456 USA SN 0164-7954 J9 INT J ACAROL JI Int. J. Acarol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 29 IS 3 BP 291 EP 292 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 718QL UT WOS:000185157900012 ER PT J AU Daly, C Helmer, EH Quinones, M AF Daly, C Helmer, EH Quinones, M TI Mapping the climate of Puerto Rico, Vieques and Culebra SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Puerto Rico; Culebra; Vieques; PRISM; climate mapping; temperature; precipitation; interpolation ID UNITED-STATES; GRADIENT ANALYSIS; WATER-RESOURCES; LIFE ZONES; LAND-USE; PRECIPITATION; MODEL; OREGON; PERSPECTIVE; STREAMFLOW AB Spatially explicit climate data contribute to watershed resource management, mapping vegetation type with satellite imagery, mapping present and hypothetical future ecological zones, and predicting species distributions. The regression-based parameter-elevation regressions on independent slopes model (PRISM) uses spatial data sets, a knowledge base and expert interaction to generate grids of climate variables that are compatible with geographical information systems. This study applied PRISM to generate maps of mean monthly and annual precipitation and minimum and maximum temperature for the Caribbean islands of Puerto Rico, Vieques and Culebra over the 1963-95 averaging period. PRISM was run under alternative parameterizations that simulated simpler interpolation methods as well as the full PRISM model. For temperature, the standard PRISM parameterization was compared with a hypsometric method (HYPS). in which the temperature-elevation slope was assumed to be -6.5degreesC/km. For precipitation, the standard PRISM parameterization was compared with an inverse-distance weighting interpolation (IDW). Spatial temperature patterns were linked closely to elevation, topographic position, and coastal proximity. Both PRISM and HYPS performed well for July maximum temperature, but HYPS performed relatively poorly for January minimum temperature, due primarily to lack of a spatially varying temperature-elevation slope, vertical atmospheric layer definition, and coastal proximity guidance. Mean monthly precipitation varied significantly throughout the year, reflecting seasonally differing moisture trajectories. Spatial precipitation patterns were associated most strongly with elevation, upslope exposure to predominant moisture-bearing winds, and proximity to the ocean. IDW performed poorly compared with PRISM, due largely to the lack of elevation and moisture-availability information. Overall, the full PRISM approach resulted in greatly improved performance over simpler methods for precipitation and January minimum temperature, but only a small improvement for July maximum temperature. Comparisons of PRISM mean annual temperature and precipitation maps with previously published hand-drawn maps showed similar overall patterns and magnitudes, but the PRISM maps provided much more spatial detail. Copyright (C) 2003 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Spatial Climate Anal Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Daly, C (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Spatial Climate Anal Serv, 316 Strand Agr Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 55 TC 95 Z9 119 U1 3 U2 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1359 EP 1381 DI 10.1002/joc.937 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 722DR UT WOS:000185360600005 ER PT J AU Horner, HT Healy, RA Cervantes-Martinez, T Palmer, RG AF Horner, HT Healy, RA Cervantes-Martinez, T Palmer, RG TI Floral nectary fine structure and development in Glycine max L. (Fabaceae) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE floral nectary; Glycine; holocrine secretion; programmed cell death; secretory trichomes; soybean; ultrastructure ID CALCIUM-OXALATE CRYSTALS; GLANDULAR TRICHOMES; DEVELOPING SEEDS; MODIFIED STOMATA; ASCORBIC-ACID; AMINO-ACIDS; GERMIN-LIKE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; FLOWER; LEGUMINOSAE AB Floral nectaries of annual cultivated Glycine max develop between the bases of the central gynoecium and lateral stamen ring. Each discoid nectary forms immediately before flower opening and degenerates within 24 h. Three stages of nectary development are identified: preactive, active, and postactive. Preactive and active nectaries are composed of a single-layered epidermis that contains many open stomata, with guard cells having thickened walls, starch-engorged plastids, and other organelles. The major portion of each nectary consists of thin-walled special parenchyma cells, each having dense cytoplasm with a nucleus, Golgi bodies and vesicles, mitochondria, plastids, endoplasmic reticulum, many ribosomes, and one or more vacuoles. Fingers of phloem consisting of sieve tubes and companion cells, both with very small wall ingrowths and thought to provide sugars, penetrate the nectary at its base. The fingers originate from 10 vascular bundles with xylem, which innervate the stamen ring peripheral to the nectary. At the beginning of the active stage, special parenchyma around the phloem fingers become highly vacuolated first by each vacuole filling with non-water-soluble material and ribosome-like particles. In many of these cells and in the nonstomata epidermal cells, cytoplasmic bridges are associated with the vacuoles, and straight tubes containing single files of ribosome-like particles occur in the cytoplasm, or traverse plasmodesmata. In addition, bundles of tubules are often seen pressed to the outside of the vacuole tonoplast and in the cytoplasm before and during the time the tonoplast fragments and the vacuole contents mix with the cytoplasmic organelles. These cells then collapse, releasing their contents through the pores of the guard cells and onto the nectary surface. This holocrine secretion is different from that reported for other legume taxa and most other nonlegume taxa and suggests apoptosis. Remaining nectary special parenchyma cells follow the same fate, along with the epidermal cells, so that the entire nectary collapses, leaving only some of the guard cells intact. There are two types of elongate nonglandular trichomes and one type of short five- to seven-celled glandular trichome on the gynoecium adjacent to the nectary. These latter trichomes seem to be developed and functional during the active and postactive stages and following nectary collapse, suggesting that the nectar may consist of a variety of compounds originating from both the nectary and the glandular trichomes. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Bessey Microscopy Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Zool Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, USDA, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Horner, HT (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 92 TC 39 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 164 IS 5 BP 675 EP 690 DI 10.1086/377060 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 738ZT UT WOS:000186318300002 ER PT J AU Labeda, DP Donahue, JM Williams, NM Sells, SF Henton, MM AF Labeda, DP Donahue, JM Williams, NM Sells, SF Henton, MM TI Amycolatopsis kentuckyensis sp nov., Amycolatopsis lexingtonensis sp nov and Amycolatopsis pretoriensis sp nov., isolated from equine placentas SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY; SACCHAROTHRIX; ABORTION; NOCARDIA AB Actinomycete strains isolated from lesions on equine placentas from two horses in Kentucky and one in South Africa were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Chemotaxonomic and morphological characteristics indicated that the isolates are members of the genus Amycolatopsis. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, the isolates are related most closely to Amycolatopsis mediterranei. Physiological characteristics of these strains indicated that they do not belong to A. mediterranei and DNA relatedness determinations confirmed that these strains represent three novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis, for which the names Amycolatopsis kentuckyensis (type strain, NRRL B-24129(T) = LDDC 9447-99(T)-DSM 44652(T)), Amycolatopsis lexingtonensis (type strain, NRRL B-2413(T) = LDDC 12275-99(T) = DSM 44653(T))and Amycolatopsis pretoriensis (type strain, NRRL B-24133(T) = ARC OV1 0181(T) = DSM 44654(T)) are proposed. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Kentucky, Livestock Dis Diagnost Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. Golen Vetlab, Alberton, South Africa. RP Labeda, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 53 BP 1601 EP 1605 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.02691-0 PN 5 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 725PG UT WOS:000185551100057 PM 13130055 ER PT J AU Gimenez-Jurado, G Kurtzman, CP Starmer, WT Spencer-Martins, I AF Gimenez-Jurado, G Kurtzman, CP Starmer, WT Spencer-Martins, I TI Metschnikowia vanudenii sp nov and Metschnikowia lachancei sp nov., from flowers and associated insects in North America SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; BASE COMPOSITION; YEAST AB Two new species of the ascosporic yeast genus Metschnikowia were isolated from nectaries and associated muscoid flies of flowers from the common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) in North America, and are described as Metschnikowia vanudenii [type strain = PYCC 4650(T) = CBS 9134 T = NRRL Y-27243(T) = UWO(PS) 86A4.1(T)] and Metschnikowia lachancei [type strain = PYCC 4605(T) = CBS 9131(T) = NRRL Y-27242(T) = UWO(PS) 7ASB2.3(T)]. As with the previously described Metschnikowia gruessii, M. vanudenii has vegetative cells with an aeroplane, or cross-like configuration, produces ovoid chlamydospores and forms ellipsoidopedunculate asci with two acicular ascospores. Metschnikowia lachancei is distinguished from other Metschnikowia species by formation of club-shaped asci with 1-2 thick clavate ascospores. The phylogenetic positions of the proposed new species within Metschnikowia were determined from sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA. The new species show low nuclear DNA relatedness with neighbouring taxa. C1 Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Sci & Technol, CREM, Biotechnol Unit, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RP Spencer-Martins, I (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Fac Sci & Technol, CREM, Biotechnol Unit, P-2829516 Caparica, Portugal. EM ism@fct.unl.pt NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 EI 1466-5034 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 53 BP 1665 EP 1670 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.02470-0 PN 5 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 725PG UT WOS:000185551100068 PM 13130066 ER PT J AU Farrand, SK van Berkum, PB Oger, P AF Farrand, SK van Berkum, PB Oger, P TI Agrobacterium is a definable genus of the family Rhizobiaceae SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CROWN GALL; SINORHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; REVISED DESCRIPTIONS; TUMEFACIENS C58/; SOIL POPULATION; TI PLASMIDS; CONN 1942; SP-NOV; IDENTIFICATION AB Members of the genus Agrobacterium constitute a diverse group of organisms, all of which, when harbouring the appropriate plasmids, are capable of causing neoplastic growths on susceptible host plants. The agrobacteria, which are members of the family Rhizobiaceae, can be differentiated into at least three biovars, corresponding to species divisions based on differential biochemical and physiological tests. Recently, Young et al. [Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51 (2003), 89-103] proposed to incorporate all members of the genus Agrobacterium into the genus Rhizobium. We present evidence from classical and molecular comparisons that supports the conclusion that the biovar 1 and biovar 3 agrobacteria are sufficiently different from members of the genus Rhizobium to warrant retention of the genus Agrobacterium. The biovar 2 agrobacteria cluster more closely to the genus Rhizobium, but some studies suggest that these isolates differ from species of Rhizobium with respect to their capacity to interact with plants. We conclude that there is little scientific support for the proposal to group the agrobacteria into the genus Rhizobium and consequently recommend retention of the genus Agrobacterium. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Microbiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ecole Normale Super Lyon, Lab Sci Terre, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. RP Farrand, SK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 240 ERML,1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Oger, Phil/C-8138-2012 OI Oger, Phil/0000-0001-6298-6870 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM52465] NR 40 TC 79 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 53 BP 1681 EP 1687 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.02445-0 PN 5 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 725PG UT WOS:000185551100070 PM 13130068 ER PT J AU Young, JM Kuykendall, LD Martinez-Romero, E Kerr, A Sawada, H AF Young, JM Kuykendall, LD Martinez-Romero, E Kerr, A Sawada, H TI Classification and nomenclature of Agrobacterium and Rhizobium - a reply to Farrand et al. (2003) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT-PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; SP-NOV; SP. NOV.; ALLORHIZOBIUM-UNDICOLA; REVISED DESCRIPTIONS; POLYPHASIC TAXONOMY; TUMEFACIENS C58; CROWN-GALL; CONN 1942; IDENTIFICATION AB Farrand et al. [Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53 (2003), 1681-1687] have presented a critique of the proposal of Young et al. [Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51 (2001), 89-103] to revise the nomenclature and classification of Rhizobium. They argued that Young et al. (200 1) are mistaken in their reclassification of all Agrobacterium species within Rhizobium, and that the resulting nomenclatural revision is 'unnecessary and unwarranted'. These objections arise because the authors appear not to understand the role of formal nomenclature, and fail to distinguish between formal and special-purpose nomenclatures (Bacteriological Code, 1990 Revision). The arguments set out by Farrand et al. (2003) can be addressed in terms of (11) the taxonomic status of the genera Agrobacterium and Rhizobium; (2) the status of species and biovars and their nomenclature; and (3) the role of transmissible genomic elements in classification and nomenclature. Finally, an attempt is made to unravel the confusion underpinning their discussion with a consideration of the relationship between formal and special-purpose nomenclatures. C1 Landcare Res, Auckland 1003, New Zealand. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Fijac Nitrogeno, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. RP Young, JM (reprint author), Landcare Res, Private Bag 92170, Auckland 1003, New Zealand. EM youngj@LandcareResearch.co.nz NR 63 TC 36 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 53 BP 1689 EP 1695 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.02762-0 PN 5 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 725PG UT WOS:000185551100071 PM 13130069 ER PT J AU Ferencik, M Ferullo, A Achenbach, S Abbara, S Chan, RC Booth, SL Brady, TJ Hoffmann, U AF Ferencik, M Ferullo, A Achenbach, S Abbara, S Chan, RC Booth, SL Brady, TJ Hoffmann, U TI Coronary calcium quantification using various calibration phantoms and scoring thresholds SO INVESTIGATIVE RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coronary calcium; quantification; calibration phantoms; multidetector computed tomography ID ELECTRON-BEAM CT; ARTERY CALCIUM; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; IMPROVED REPRODUCIBILITY; CALCIFICATION; QUANTITATION; VARIABILITY; AGREEMENT; ALGORITHM; DISEASE AB Rationale and Objectives: To compare scoring threshold and calibration method-dependent accuracy and variability of coronary calcium measurements by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Methods: Ninety-five subjects were scanned with MDCT. We calculated Agatston score and volume score. Mineral mass (MM) was calculated using patient-based and scanner-based calibration methods. Accuracy of calibration was validated using artificial calcium cylinders. Results: Patient-based and scanner-based calibration permitted accurate quantification of artificial calcium cylinders (bias: 0 mg and -2 mg). In the subjects, the mean relative difference of MM measurements performed at 90 and 130 Hounsfield units threshold (59%) was lower than for Agatston score (94%) and volume score (109%; P<0.05). Patient-based and scanner-based calibration yielded systematically different MM measurements (bias: 22%). Conclusions: MM lowers threshold-dependent variability of coronary calcium measurements. Patient-based and scanner-based calibration allows accurate calcium quantification ex vivo but reveal systematic differences in subjects. Patient-based calibration may better account for subject size and composition. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. RP Ferencik, M (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, 100 Charles River Plaza,Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 69272]; NIA NIH HHS [AG 19147] NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0020-9996 J9 INVEST RADIOL JI Invest. Radiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 38 IS 9 BP 559 EP 566 DI 10.1097/01.RLI.0000073449.90302.75 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 716DA UT WOS:000185012500003 PM 12960525 ER PT J AU Abbasi, F Feyen, J Roth, RL Sheedy, M van Genuchten, MT AF Abbasi, F Feyen, J Roth, RL Sheedy, M van Genuchten, MT TI Water flow and solute transport in furrow-irrigated fields SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOIL HYDRAULIC FUNCTIONS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; FERTIGATION; MODEL AB Field-scale solute transport experiments are not easily implemented because of the overwhelming problems of soil heterogeneity and variability in subsurface hydraulic and solute transport properties. In this paper, the results of four field-scale furrow irrigation experiments designed to investigate the effect of flow depth and solute application time on bromide distribution along and below the furrows are presented. One experiment was conducted under free-draining (FD) conditions in which bromide was applied during the entire irrigation event. Three experiments were carried out in blocked-end furrows in which bromide was injected either during the entire irrigation event (100%), the first half of the irrigation (FH), or the second half of the irrigation (SH). The FD experiment was equipped with neutron probe tubes for measuring soil water contents at different times and locations in furrow cross-section whereas soil samples for bromide analysis and gravimetric soil water contents from all the experiments were collected at different depths up to 1.80 m, 5 days after the irrigation at three locations near the inlet, in the middle, and close to the outlet of the furrows. Overland flow depths along the furrows were also recorded using staff gauges at the inlet, middle, and outlet sites every few minutes during the entire irrigation. Results showed substantial non-uniformity in solute movement along the monitored furrows, with the degree of non-uniformity depending upon flow depth and solute application time. Non-uniform distributions were observed especially at the outlet sites, compared with those at the inlet and middle sites. Solute application efficiencies for the FD, 100%, FH, and SH experiments were 50, 100, 64, and 93%, respectively. The effects of flow depth and irrigation/solute application time on soil water contents were more pronounced in the soil surface layers and were found to be relatively minor at deeper depths. Water and solute deep percolation rates also showed dependency to flow depth and solute application/opportunity time and gradually decreased along the furrows. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Land & Water Management, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Arizona, Coll Agr, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. RP Abbasi, F (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Land & Water Management, Vital Decosterstr 102, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; Abbasi, Fariborz/S-4925-2016 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; Abbasi, Fariborz/0000-0002-0662-7723 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 57 EP 65 DI 10.1007/s00271-003-0070-x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 723BV UT WOS:000185413300002 ER PT J AU Hunsaker, DJ Pinter, PJ Barnes, EM Kimball, BA AF Hunsaker, DJ Pinter, PJ Barnes, EM Kimball, BA TI Estimating cotton evapotranspiration crop coefficients with a multispectral vegetation index SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE; IRRIGATION; CORN; REFLECTANCE; ENRICHMENT AB Crop coefficients are a widely used and universally accepted method for estimating the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) component in irrigation scheduling programs. However, uncertainties of generalized basal crop coefficient (K-cb) curves can contribute to ETc estimates that are substantially different from actual ETc. Limited research with corn has shown improvements to irrigation scheduling due to better water-use estimation and more appropriate timing of irrigations when K-cb estimates derived from remotely sensed multispectral vegetation indices (VIs) were incorporated into irrigation-scheduling algorithms. The purpose of this article was to develop and evaluate a K-cb estimation model based on observations of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for a full-season cotton grown in the desert southwestern USA. The K-cb data used in developing the relationship with NDVI were derived from back-calculations of the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient procedures using field data obtained during two cotton experiments conducted during 1990 and 1991 at a site in central Arizona. The estimation model consisted of two regression relations: a linear function of K-cb versus NDVI (r(2)=0.97, n=68) used to estimate K-cb from early vegetative growth to effective full cover, and a multiple regression of K-cb as a function of NDVI and cumulative growing-degree-days (GDD) (r(2)=0.82, n=64) used to estimate K-cb after effective full cover was attained. The NDVI for cotton at effective full cover was similar to0.80; this value was used to mark the point at which the model transferred from the linear to the multiple regression function. An initial evaluation of the performance of the model was made by incorporating K-cb estimates, based on NDVI measurements and the developed regression functions, within the FAO-56 dual procedures and comparing the estimated ETc with field observations from two cotton plots collected during an experiment in central Arizona in 1998. Preliminary results indicate that the ETc based on the NDVI-K-cb model provided close estimates of actual ETc. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Hunsaker, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 27 TC 74 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s00271-003-0074-6 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 723BV UT WOS:000185413300006 ER PT J AU Fry, B Ewel, KC AF Fry, B Ewel, KC TI Using stable isotopes in mangrove fisheries research - A review and outlook SO ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES LA English DT Article DE carbon isotopes; detritus; fisheries; food webs; mangroves; natural variations ID ORGANIC-CARBON; SUGARCANE ECOSYSTEM; BENTHIC MICROALGAE; PRIMARY PRODUCERS; SEAGRASS MEADOWS; TROPICAL ESTUARY; PENAEID PRAWNS; RIVER ESTUARY; SALT MARSHES; C-ISOTOPE AB Mangrove forests are important coastal wetlands in most of the tropics, but their importance to fisheries is poorly understood. Rationales for conserving these ecosystems are partly based on ideas that mangroves are important to food webs that support fisheries. Here we review use of stable isotopes to test the strength of the mangrove forest-fish connection, suggesting that a dual focus on both food web ecology and habitat use may be most profitable in future studies of this type. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Fry, B (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 62 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1025-6016 J9 ISOT ENVIRON HEALT S JI Isot. Environ. Health Stud. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1080/10256010310001601067 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 706MV UT WOS:000184458200003 PM 14521280 ER PT J AU McMaster, GS Wilhelm, WW AF McMaster, GS Wilhelm, WW TI Phenological responses of wheat and barley to water and temperature: improving simulation models SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; WINTER-WHEAT; LEAF APPEARANCE; SPRING WHEAT; VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; SHOOT APEX; GROWTH; PHYLLOCHRON AB Understanding and predicting small-grain cereal development is becoming increasingly important in enhancing management practices. Recent efforts to improve phenology submodels in crop simulations have focused on incorporating developmental responses to water stress and interpreting and understanding thermal time. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate data from three experiments to (a) determine the qualitative and quantitative response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to water stress and (b) ascertain where in space to measure temperature, to provide information required to improve phenological submodels. The first experiment tested the phenological responses of 12 winter wheat cultivars to water stress for two seasons at two sites. The second experiment tested the timing of water stress on spring barley phenological responses for 2 years. In a third experiment, soil near the shoot apex of field-grown spring wheat was heated to 3 degreesC above ambient soil temperature for three planting dates in each of 2 years, to test whether it is better to use soil or air temperature in calculating thermal time. The general response of wheat and barley to water stress was to reach growth stages earlier (i.e. to hasten development). The most significant response was for the grain filling period. Water stress had little effect on jointing and flag leaf complete/booting growth stages. Thermal time to jointing was highly variable across locations. However, thermal time to subsequent growth stages was very consistent both within and across locations. The winter wheat cultivars tested followed this general response across site-years, but inconsistencies were found, suggesting a complicated genotype by environment (G x E) interaction that makes improving phenology submodels for all cultivars difficult. The G x E interaction was most prominent for anthesis (A) and maturity (M) growth stages. Results of heating the soil at the shoot apex depth were completely unexpected: heating the soil did not speed spring wheat phenological development. These results, and others cited, suggest caution in allocating effort and resources to measuring or estimating soil temperature rather than relying on readily available air temperature as a means of universally improving phenology submodels. These results help quantify the response of wheat to water stress and thermal time for improving crop simulation models and management. C1 USDA, ARS, Great Plains Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP McMaster, GS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Great Plains Syst Res, 301 S Howes St,Room 353, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Greg.McMaster@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 20 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0021-8596 J9 J AGR SCI JI J. Agric. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 141 BP 129 EP 147 DI 10.1017/S0021859603003460 PN 2 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 804EV UT WOS:000220282900001 ER PT J AU Huang, TTK Harris, KJ Lee, RE Nazir, N Born, W Kaur, H AF Huang, TTK Harris, KJ Lee, RE Nazir, N Born, W Kaur, H TI Assessing overweight, obesity, diet, and physical activity in college students SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH LA English DT Article DE college student; diet; obesity; overweight; physical activity ID BODY-MASS INDEX; US CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; ADOLESCENTS; EXERCISE; HEALTH; TRENDS AB The authors surveyed 738 college students aged 18 to 27 years to assess overweight, obesity, dietary habits, and physical activity. They used BMI (body mass index) greater than or equal to 25 kg/m(2) or BMI greater than or equal to 85th percentile and BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m(2) or BMI greater than or equal to 95th percentile to estimate overweight and obesity in those aged 19 years. To define overweight and obesity in those greater than or equal to 20 years, they used BMI greater than or equal to 25 kg/m(2) and greater than or equal to 30 kg/m(2). They found overweight rates of 21.6% using BMI directly and 16.2% using BMI percentile and obesity rates of 4.9% using BMI directly and 4.2% using BMI percentile. More than 69% of the participants reported < 5 servings of fruits and vegetables per day and more than 67% reported < 20 g of fiber per day; participants reported physical activity on fewer than 3 d/wk. Most college students are not meeting dietary and physical activity guidelines, suggesting the need for prevention interventions and increased understanding of overweight in college students. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Psychol, Missoula, MT USA. Univ Kansas, Ctr Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Kansas City, KS USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02155 USA. RP Huang, TTK (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Terry.Huang@tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [K07 CA87714] NR 26 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 8 U2 49 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0744-8481 J9 J AM COLL HEALTH JI J. Am. Coll. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 52 IS 2 BP 83 EP 86 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 766FZ UT WOS:000188364100004 PM 14765762 ER PT J AU Stellflug, JN AF Stellflug, JN TI Use of naloxone challenge to predict sexual performance of young rams SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE libido; luteinizing hormone; naloxone; rams; testosterone ID MATING-BEHAVIOR; TESTOSTERONE; LH; PHOTOPERIOD; SELECTION; SHEEP; PEN AB The possibility of developing a hormone-based test to predict libido was evaluated using the response of LH and testosterone to naloxone. This test has been used to identify sexually active and inactive mature rams during the breeding season. The objective of this study was to determine whether the blood test could be used to detect differences in sexual activity of early postpubertal (29 +/- 0.1 wk) rams during the breeding season in November and again at 70 +/- 0.1 wk of age in August before the next breeding season. Rams were classed as sexually active or inactive using serving capacity tests (8 30-min observation periods to record sexual behaviors [mounts and ejaculations] of each ram individually exposed to three ewes in estrus) after the naloxone challenges. Naloxone (0.75 mg/kg of BW) was injected i.v. into 38 white-faced crossbred, 16 Polypay, and 49 Targhee rams. Blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 1 h before and 2 h after naloxone to measure LH and testosterone. Separate mixed-model analyses for repeated measures were used to analyze data for the same rams at 29 and 70 wk of age. Logistic regression procedures were used to model probabilities that rams were correctly predicted to be sexually active. A breed-type x sexual activity x time interaction for LH was observed (P < 0.05) after naloxone injection in 29-wk-old rams. At 70 wk of age, a breed-type x time interaction was detected (P < 0.001) for LH response to naloxone, but LH did not differ by sexual activity. At 29 wk of age, a breed-type x time interaction for testosterone response after naloxone was detected (P < 0.001), and at 70 wk of age, a sexual activity x time interaction was detected (P < 0.05) for testosterone after naloxone. Sexually active and inactive rams were not predicted accurately at 29 wk of age and were predicted 69 and 29% of the time for sexually active and inactive rams, respectively, at 70 wk of age. In conclusion, breed type at 29 and 70 wk of age can influence the naloxone challenge test, but the test cannot be used to discriminate between sexually active and inactive rams at 29 wk of age during the breeding season or at 70 wk of age immediately before the breeding season. C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Stellflug, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, HC 62,Box 2010, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 81 IS 9 BP 2111 EP 2117 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745YH UT WOS:000186718600001 PM 12968683 ER PT J AU Miller, DN Varel, VH AF Miller, DN Varel, VH TI Swine manure composition affects the biochemical origins, composition, and accumulation of odorous compounds SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bacteria; manures; odors; swine ID LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS; CATTLE FEEDLOTS; IN-VITRO; ENUMERATION; METABOLISM; EMISSIONS; EFFLUENT; BACTERIA; WASTES; ACIDS AB Odors from swine production facilities Are associated with the storage and decomposition, of manure. Diet is linked to manure composition and will likely affect odor, but the microbial mechanisms responsible for manure decomposition and odor production are poorly understood. To identify the sources of odor during manure fermentation, substrates (starch, casein, and cellulose) were Added to slurries of fresh swine manure, and the anaerobic accumulation of fermentation products and the consumption,of substrates were measured relative to no addition of substrates. Volatile fatty acids and alcohols were the dominant fermentation products in all treatments. The total VFA concentration! from starch treatment Was greater (P < 0.001) than for all-other treatments. Branched-chain VFA and aromatic compounds accumulated in All treatments, but accumulation in the casein treatments was greater (P < 0.001) than in all other treatments. Thus; addition of carbohydrate to swine manure slurries did not circumvent protein fermentation, as was previously observed in cattle manure slurries. Based on substrate loss, starch and, protein fermentation were equivalent in all treatments, with losses of each exceeding 4% of the DM. Substrate additions had a limited effect on the overall accumulation of odor compounds in manure and on odor compound composition. Compared with the results of the. earlier fermentation study of fresh cattle manure, swine manure fermentation produced less lactate and more products of protein fermentation (branched-chain VFA and aromatic ring compounds). We hypothesize that differences in manure organic matter composition between cattle and swine, a result of diet and digestion, select for bacterial communities that are adapted to the available substrate composition. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Miller, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 17 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 81 IS 9 BP 2131 EP 2138 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745YH UT WOS:000186718600004 PM 12968686 ER PT J AU Steiner, R Wyle, AM Vote, DJ Belk, KE Scanga, JA Wise, JW Tatum, JD Smith, GC AF Steiner, R Wyle, AM Vote, DJ Belk, KE Scanga, JA Wise, JW Tatum, JD Smith, GC TI Real-time augmentation of USDA yield grade application to beef carcasses using video image analysis SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE augmentation; beef; carcass grading; carcass yield; image analysis ID PERCENTAGE; CUTABILITY; CATTLE; FAT AB In two phases, this study assessed the ability of two video image analysis (VIA) instruments, VIASCAN and Computer Vision System (CVS), to augment assignment of yield grades (YG) to beef carcasses to 0.1 of a YG at commercial packing plant speeds and to test cutout prediction accuracy of a YG augmentation system that used a prototype augmentation touch-panel grading display (designed to operate commercially in real-time). In Phase I, beef carcasses (n = 505) were circulated twice at commercial chain speeds (340 carcasses per hour) by 12 on-line USDA graders. During the first pass, on-line graders assigned a whole-number YG and a quality grade (QG) to carcasses as they would normally. During the second pass, on-line graders assigned only adjusted preliminary yield grades (APYG) and QG to carcasses, whereas the two VIA instruments measured the longissimus muscle area (LMA) of each carcass. Kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (KPH) was removed and weighed to allow computation of actual KPH percentage. Those traits were compared to the expert YG and expert YG factors. On-line USDA graders' APYG were closely related (r = 0.83) to expert APYG. Instrument-measured LMA were closely related (r = 0.88 and 0.94; mean absolute error = 0.3 and 0.2 YG units, for VIASCAN and CVS, respectively) to expert LMA. When YG were augmented using instrument-measured LMA and computed either including or neglecting actual KPH percentage, YG were closely related (r = 0.93 and 0.92, mean absolute error = 0.32 and 0.40 YG units, respectively, using VIASCAN-measured LMA; r = 0.95 and 0.94, mean absolute error = 0.24 and 0.34 YG units, respectively, using CVS-measured LMA) to expert YG. In Phase 11, augmented YG were assigned (0.1 of a YG) to beef carcasses (n = 290) at commercial chain speeds using VIASCAN and CVS to determine LMA, whereas APYG and QG were determined by on-line graders via a touch-panel display. On-line grader YG (whole-number), expert grader YG (to the nearest 0.1 of a YG), and VIASCAN- and CVS-augmented YG (to the nearest 0.1 of a YG) accounted for 55, 71, 60, and 63% of the variation in fabricated yields of closely trimmed subprimals, respectively, suggesting that VIA systems can operate at current plant speeds and effectively augment official USDA application of YG to beef carcasses. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Res Management Syst Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, Agr Mkt Serv, Livestock & Seed Program, Livestock & Meat Standardizat Branch, Washington, DC 20090 USA. RP Belk, KE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 7C Anim Sci Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 81 IS 9 BP 2239 EP 2246 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745YH UT WOS:000186718600017 PM 12968699 ER PT J AU Pfister, JA Stegelmeier, BL Gardner, DR James, LF AF Pfister, JA Stegelmeier, BL Gardner, DR James, LF TI Grazing of spotted locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus) by cattle and horses in Arizona SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Astragalus lentiginosus; food preferences; grazing behavior; poisonous plants ID ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE ACTIVITY; OXYTROPIS-SERICEA; SWAINSONINE; CONSUMPTION; CASTANOSPERMINE; MOLLISSIMUS; LESIONS; MOTHER; LAMBS; FOODS AB Spotted locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus var. diphysus) is a toxic, perennial plant that may, if sufficient precipitation occurs, dominate the herbaceous vegetation of pinyon-juniper woodlands on the Colorado Plateau. Six cow/calf pairs and four horses grazed a 20-ha pasture with dense patches of locoweed in eastern Arizona during spring 1998. Locoweed density was 0.7 plants/m(2) in the pasture. Locoweed averaged 30.4% NDF and 18.4% CP. Concentrations of the locoweed toxin, swainsonine, fluctuated from 1.25 to 2 mg/g in locoweed. Horses ate more (P < 0.01) bites of locoweed than did cows (15.4 and 5.1% of bites, respectively). Horses generally increased locoweed consumption over time since they ate approximately 5% of bites in the preflower stage compared with 25% of bites in the pod stage. Cattle consumed almost no locoweed (<1% of bites) until the pod stage, when they increased consumption to 15% of bites. Horses were very avid (approximately 65 to 95% of bites) in selecting the small quantities (approximately 40 to 150 kg/ha) of available green grass, and it appeared that their propensity to eat scarce green forage influenced their locoweed consumption as well. Horses ate relatively little dry grass, even when it was abundant, whereas cattle ate large amounts of dry grass until green grasses became more abundant. Calves began eating locoweed on the same day as their dams and ate approximately 20% of their bites as locoweed. Serum concentrations of swainsonine were higher (P < 0.05) in horses than in cattle (433 vs. 170 ng/mL, respectively). Baseline swainsonine was zero in all animals, but swainsonine was rapidly increased to above 800 ng/mL in serum of horses as they ate locoweed. Horses exhibited depression after eating locoweed for about 2 wk; after 5 wk of exposure, horses became anorectic and behaviorally unstable. Although limited in scope, this study indicates that horses should not be exposed to spotted locoweed. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Pfister, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 81 IS 9 BP 2285 EP 2293 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745YH UT WOS:000186718600022 PM 12968704 ER PT J AU Vallet, JL Klemcke, HG Christenson, RK Pearson, PL AF Vallet, JL Klemcke, HG Christenson, RK Pearson, PL TI The effect of breed and intrauterine crowding on fetal erythropoiesis on day 35 of gestation in swine SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE blood; fetus; pigs; pregnancy ID UTERINE CAPACITY; PLACENTAL DEVELOPMENT; PROTEIN SECRETION; OVULATION RATE; EXPRESSION; MEISHAN; MODEL; LIVER AB In a previous report, it was suggested that intrauterine crowding impaired fetal erythropoiesis and that fetal erythropoiesis was accelerated in Meishan pigs during early pregnancy. Because these conclusions were based on limited numbers of observations, the present experiment was undertaken to provide a more extensive investigation of these phenomena. Intact white crossbred gilts, unilaterally hysterectomized-ovariectomized (UHO) white crossbred gilts, and intact Meishan gilts (n = 13 to 16 per group) were mated after at least one estrous cycle of normal duration (17 to 23 d). Gilts were laparotomized at d 35 of pregnancy, the uterine horns were exteriorized and opened near each fetus, and a blood sample was collected from each fetus. The uterine horn was then surgically removed, and each fetus and placenta was weighed. All fetal blood samples were measured for hematocrit, red blood cell number, and hemoglobin. Erythropoietin and the percentages of nucleated cells and reticulocytes were also measured in blood samples from the largest and smallest living fetus in each litter. Fetal hematocrits were not affected by treatment. Blood cell counts were greater (P < 0.01) in fetuses of Meishan gilts than in White crossbred intact or UHO gilts. Hemoglobin was less (P < 0.01) in fetuses of Meishan gilts than in fetuses of White crossbred intact or UHO gilts. The percentages of nucleated (immature) cells and reticulocytes were both less (P < 0.01) in fetuses of Meishan intact gilts. Erythropoietin was also lower (P < 0.01) in fetuses of Meishan gilts. As observed previously, fetal weight was correlated (r = 0.38; P < 0.01) with blood hemoglobin concentration. These results confirm that fetal erythropoiesis in Meishan gilts is accelerated compared with White crossbred gilts. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that faster blood cell development could be beneficial to fetal survival in swine. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Vallet, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 81 IS 9 BP 2352 EP 2356 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745YH UT WOS:000186718600029 PM 12968711 ER PT J AU Fast, JD Heilman, WE AF Fast, JD Heilman, WE TI The effect of lake temperatures and emissions on ozone exposure in the western Great Lakes region SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCHEMICAL GRID MODELS; PINE PINUS-STROBUS; MICHIGAN OZONE; UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; CLOSURE-MODEL; POLLUTION; TRANSPORT; URBAN; PRODUCTIVITY AB A meteorological-chemical model with a 12-km horizontal grid spacing was used to simulate the evolution of ozone over the western Great Lakes region during a 30-day period in the summer of 1999. Lake temperatures in the model were based on analyses derived from daily satellite measurements. The model performance was evaluated using operational surface and upper-air meteorological measurements and surface chemical measurements. Reasonable agreement between the simulations and observations was obtained. The bias (predicted - observed) over the simulation period was only -1.3 ppb for the peak ozone mixing ratio during the day and 5.5 ppb for the minimum ozone mixing ratio at night. High ozone production rates were produced over the surface of the lakes as a result of stable atmospheric conditions that trapped ozone precursors within a shallow layer during the day. In one location, an increase of 200 ppb of ozone over a 9-h period was produced by chemical production that was offset by losses of 110 ppb through vertical mixing, horizontal transport, and deposition. The predicted ozone was also sensitive to lake temperatures. A simulation with climatological lake temperatures produced ozone mixing ratios over the lakes and around the lake shores that differed from the simulation with observed lake temperatures by as much as 50 ppb, while the differences over land were usually 10 ppb or less. Through a series of sensitivity studies that varied ozone precursor emissions, it was shown that a reduction of 50% in NOx or volatile organic compounds would lower the 60-ppb ozone exposure by up to 50 h month(-1) in the remote forest regions over the northern Great Lakes. The implications of these results on future climate change and air quality in the region are discussed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Fast, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K9-30,3200 Q Ave, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 42 IS 9 BP 1197 EP 1217 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<1197:TEOLTA>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 717KR UT WOS:000185088100001 ER PT J AU Turk, JR Carroll, JA Laughlin, MH Thomas, TR Casati, J Bowles, DK Sturek, M AF Turk, JR Carroll, JA Laughlin, MH Thomas, TR Casati, J Bowles, DK Sturek, M TI C-reactive protein correlates with macrophage accumulation in coronary arteries of hypercholesterolemic pigs SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hypercholesterolemia; monocyte chemoattractant protein; scavenger receptor A ID MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1; ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INFLAMMATION; ASSOCIATION; PREDICTION; PREVENTION; MARKERS; EVENTS; DIET AB A growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of inflammation in coronary artery disease. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that CRP correlates with macrophage accumulation during the initial stages of coronary vascular disease. Adult male pigs were fed a normal chow (NF) or a high-fat high-cholesterol (HF) diet for 20 wk. After 20 wk, blood was collected for analyses of interleukin-6 (IL-6), CRP, and lipids. After blood collection, the pigs were euthanized and the right coronary arteries (RCA) were harvested and fixed in neutral buffered formalin. Paraffin-embedded sections of RCA were stained immunohistochemically for CRP, scavenger receptor A (SRA), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). All cholesterol fractions were elevated in the HF vs. the NF group ( P < 0.05). There was little or no positive staining for CRP, SRA, or MCP-1 in the RCA of NF pigs, but there was extensive staining in lipid-laden macrophage foam cells in the HF pigs. Double staining revealed colocalization of CRP with SRA and CRP with MCP-1 in foam cells. Serum IL-6 was below the assay detection limit in all pigs. Serum CRP correlated directly with plasma total cholesterol ( R = 0.727, P = 0.041) and accumulation of SRA-positive macrophages ( R = 0.938, P < 0.001) in RCA of HF pigs. We conclude that serum CRP correlates with macrophage accumulation and coronary artery disease in hypercholesterolemic pigs. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biomed Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dalton Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Nutr Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Med Pharmacol & Physiol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Internal Med, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Turk, JR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biomed Sci, 1600 E Rollins Ave, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. OI Bowles, Doug/0000-0003-2043-7368 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-52490] NR 22 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 95 IS 3 BP 1301 EP 1304 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00342.2003 PG 4 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 711HP UT WOS:000184733800049 PM 12754176 ER PT J AU Kidd, MT Barber, SJ Zumwalt, CD Branton, SL Hoehler, D AF Kidd, MT Barber, SJ Zumwalt, CD Branton, SL Hoehler, D TI Dietary amino acid and sodium bicarbonate responses in broilers reared in hot environmental temperatures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler; environmental temperature; lysine; amino acid; breast yield ID BREAST MEAT YIELD; HEAT-STRESS; BODY-WEIGHT; PERFORMANCE; PROTEIN; CHICKENS; ENERGY; RATIO AB Better environmentally controlled broiler houses have resulted in many integrated broiler operations using the same dietary feed formulations in winter and summer months due to only minor differences in environmental temperature in the broiler house. Much research has addressed broiler nutrient needs in thermoneutral vs. hot temperature conditions, but research evaluating nutrient needs of broilers during moderate temperature conditions (tunnel-ventilated houses during summer months) is lacking. This study evaluates the impact of increasing dietary Lys and other essential amino acids, and the addition of dietary sodium bicarbonate in high and moderate temperature conditions. Experiment I was conducted in batteries and evaluated broiler nutritional responses (d 20 to 40) in hot-cyclic temperature conditions (26 to 34degreesC). Experiment 2 was conducted in floor pens and evaluated broiler nutritional responses (d 37 to 49) in environmental temperature ranges that mimic a tunnel-ventilated broiler house during summer months (26 to 31degreesC). In both experiments, dietary treatments had minimal impact on live performance and breast meat yield. Lower mortality (P < 0.06), however, was observed in broilers fed the low CP diet in the hot temperature environment. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Degussa Corp, Kennesaw, GA 30144 USA. RP Kidd, MT (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 12 IS 3 BP 321 EP 327 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 731WC UT WOS:000185908600012 ER PT J AU Lyon, CE Lyon, BG Savage, EM AF Lyon, CE Lyon, BG Savage, EM TI Effect of postchill deboning time on the texture profile of broiler breeder hen breast meat SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE texture; sensory attribute; breeder hen; breast meat; deboning time ID CANNED BONED CHICKEN; SHEAR VALUES; FOWL MEAT; TENDERNESS; STIMULATION; PECTORALIS AB Before any significant progress can be made in altering textural characteristics of a meat product, the basic profile of the meat and the possible alterations in that profile due to processing procedures must be known. A number of papers have been published addressing ways to optimize the textural characteristics of broiler breast meat. Changes in broiler processing procedures and processing time lines have been adopted by processors because of the results of these studies. While the number of breeder hens processed annually is much lower than the number of broilers, adding value to the end product could result in new innovative product forms for this niche market meat. The traditional goal for heavy fowl processors has been to remove the muscles, dice or grind the meat and sell it as an ingredient in other products. In an effort to expand the product forms of breeder hen meat, which is usually assumed to be tough and chewy, this study was designed to profile the texture of the meat based on four postchill (PC) deboning times. Instrumental and sensory profiles of the breast meat from hens were determined. There were significant texture differences in the cooked fillets due to deboning time. Cooked yield for the fillets deboned 24 h PC was lower than for fillets deboned 2 or 8 h PC. C1 Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA, ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Qual Assessment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Lyon, CE (reprint author), Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 12 IS 3 BP 348 EP 355 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 731WC UT WOS:000185908600016 ER PT J AU Evans, JJ Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH AF Evans, JJ Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH TI Effects of sublethal dissolved oxygen stress on blood glucose and susceptibility to Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SPARUS-AURATA L.; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; CROWDING STRESS; METABOLIC RESPONSES; STRIPED BASS; CORTISOL; SEABREAM; FISH; ENVIRONMENT; INFECTION AB The stress effects of sublethal dissolved oxygen (DO) exposures on blood glucose levels and susceptibility to Streptococcus agalactiae infection in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were determined with the One Touch Ultra blood glucose monitoring system. Fish were monitored for temporal changes in blood glucose concentration before, during, and after exposure to up to 1 mg DO per liter for 24 It. Blood glucose was found to increase significantly (P < 0.001) in response to sublethal DO exposure. In additional experiments, fish were exposed to acceptable or sublethal DO. After exposure, fish were administered 9.5 X 10(1) or 7.5 X 10(2) colony-forming units (CFU) of S. agalactiae (infected) or tryptic soy broth (uninfected) by intraperitoneal injection. Significantly higher mean blood glucose levels were found in both infected and uninfected fish following sublethal DO exposure. None of the fish exposed to acceptable DO died due to streptococcal infection after challenge with either dose. Fish exposed to sublethal DO had significantly higher mortality rates (27% and 80%) after infection with S. agalactiae at 9.5 X 10(1) or 7.5 X 10(2) CFU than fish exposed to acceptable DO (0%). Increases in the susceptibility of Nile tilapia to S. agalactiae may be the result of the stress response to the sublethal DO exposure. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Evans, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. EM jevans@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD SEP PY 2003 VL 15 IS 3 BP 202 EP 208 DI 10.1577/H03-024 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 779EC UT WOS:000189259800002 ER PT J AU Darwish, AM Ismaiel, AA AF Darwish, AM Ismaiel, AA TI Laboratory efficacy of amoxicillin for the control of Streptococcus iniae infection in sunshine bass SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL CATFISH; FURUNCULOSIS AB An experimental trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of amoxicillin in controlling Streptococcus iniae infection in sunshine bass (a hybrid of female white bass Morone chrysops X male striped bass M. saxatilis). Minimum-inhibitory-concentration studies of amoxicillin against multiple S. iniae isolates showed a sensitivity range of 0.0156-0.5 mug/mL. The amoxicillin dose levels tested were 30, 50, 80, and 120 mg of active ingredient per kilogram of fish body weight per day. Administration of medicated feed started 1 d after infection by immersion exposure to S. iniae and continued for eight consecutive days; this was followed by an observation at 15 d posttreatment. Amoxicillin increased the survival rate from 1% in the infected, nonmedicated group to an average of 95% in the infected groups receiving the four doses; there were no significant differences among the medicated groups. Survivors of the infection were not found to be carriers of the bacteria (i.e., there was negative bacterial isolation). C1 USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Darwish, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM adarwish@spa.ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD SEP PY 2003 VL 15 IS 3 BP 209 EP 214 DI 10.1577/H03-016 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 779EC UT WOS:000189259800003 ER PT J AU Stout, JE Lee, JA AF Stout, JE Lee, JA TI Indirect evidence of wind erosion trends on the Southern High Plains of North America SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE DUST; BLOWING DUST; TEXAS; STORMS; FREQUENCY; TIME; USA AB Detecting and quantifying changing regional patterns of wind erosion activity is complicated by a lack of long-term records of direct wind erosion measurements. Here, we attempt to piece together indirect evidence of changing wind erosion activity on the Southern High Plains. Sources of indirect evidence include visibility-based observations of blowing dust as well as past measurements of ambient particulate matter concentration. Both the visibility record and particulate matter record suggest independently that there have been significant declines in blowing dust during the last 40 years. There are three key factors that may have contributed to the observed reduction of blowing dust-natural climatic variations, changing land use, and improved agricultural practices. Historical climatic records suggest that there have been no appreciable climate shifts that could account for the observed decline in blowing dust. Although it is not possible to rule out land use as a factor in the reduction of blowing dust, one can point to periods when land use changed very little while annual dust levels decreased significantly. Overall, the relatively minor changes in land use, including the removal of land from production, cannot fully account for the magnitude of the observed reduction of ambient dust levels on the Southern High Plains. We are left to conclude that the adoption of improved agricultural practices has played a crucial role in reducing wind erosion activity and dust emissions on the Southern High Plains. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Stout, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. OI Lee, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2265-385X NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 55 IS 1 BP 43 EP 61 AR PII S0140-1963(02)00266-5 DI 10.1016/S0140-1963(02)00266-5 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 692GW UT WOS:000183654000003 ER PT J AU Nash, MS Jackson, E Whitford, WG AF Nash, MS Jackson, E Whitford, WG TI Soil microtopography on grazing gradients in Chihuahuan desert grasslands SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE desertification; grazing; gradients; microtopography; piosphere ID CHENOPOD SHRUBLAND; VEGETATION; SURFACE; COMMUNITIES; PIOSPHERE; AUSTRALIA; PATTERNS; COVER; SHEEP AB The significant impacts of livestock in the creation of piospheres centered on water points is the loss of soil microtopography across a 'landscape' that has been influenced by many years of livestock grazing. The size, height, and spatial distribution of micromounds and surrounding depressions were measured by a modified erosion bridge at three distances (50, 450, and 1050 m) from water points in desert grassland pastures in the Jornada Basin, New Mexico, USA. Plots at 50 m had fewer micromounds and the mounds were smaller than those recorded on the more distant plots. Microtopography of plots at 450 m from water was not significantly different from that recorded at 50 m. Microtopography of plots that were 1050 m from water points was significantly different from that of plots nearer water points. Strong correlation between microtopography and the cover of long-lived perennial grasses (R-2 = 91%) was found, such dependence could be used for assessing the trend in organic matter content that is in concordance with that of microtopography. Loss of microtopography from the impact of livestock in piospheres exacerbates erosion processes and contributes to desertification. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US EPA, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, MSC MAP, Dept Geog, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Nash, MS (reprint author), US EPA, Div Environm Sci, POB 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 55 IS 1 BP 181 EP 192 DI 10.1016/S0140-1963(02)00251-3 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 692GW UT WOS:000183654000013 ER PT J AU Edwards, JV Bopp, AF Batiste, SL Goynes, WR AF Edwards, JV Bopp, AF Batiste, SL Goynes, WR TI Human neutrophil elastase inhibition with a novel cotton-alginate wound dressing formulation SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE wound dressings; neutrophil elastase; alginate; cotton gauze; burn wounds ID MANAGEMENT; BURNS; SITE AB Occlusion and elasticity were combined in a novel cotton-based alginate dressing containing a nontoxic elastase inhibitor. Cotton gauzes were modified with a textile finishing process for incorporating alginate to yield a dressing material that retains elasticity while enhancing absorption. The algino-cellulose conjugates were formed through citric acid crosslinking of cellulose and alginate. The alginate-citrate finishes were applied to cotton gauzes in various formulations containing citric acid, sodium hypophosphite, and polyethylene glycol. The modified gauzes contain a citrate conjugate of alginate and cellulose that gels upon hydration. The alginate-citrate finishes were combined with the neutrophil elastase inhibitor, oleic acid, to demonstrate the ability of the algino-cellulose fibers to release the inhibitor and neutralize destructively high levels of neutrophil elastase found in nonhealing and burn wounds. Four types of gauzes were examined for the effect of the algino-cellulose finish on cotton gauze absorbency and elasticity. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the film and alginate-citrate finished cotton showed formation of the alginate and citrate cellulose esters. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed large areas of the yarn surface covered by the alginate film with a smooth surface on the original fibers. Wetting of the gauze surface resulted in formation of a hydrated gel on the yarns with apparent swelling of the film and the fiber-coated alginate. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Edwards, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 66A IS 3 BP 433 EP 440 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.10517 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 717RV UT WOS:000185104800001 PM 12918024 ER PT J AU Beckman, MJ Horst, RL Christakos, S AF Beckman, MJ Horst, RL Christakos, S TI Opposing regulation of 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor transcription by extracellular calcium and parathyroid hormone signaling in human proximal kidney (HK-2) epithelial cells. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 19-23, 2003 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Amer Soc Bone Mineral Res C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 SU 2 BP S403 EP S403 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 734WG UT WOS:000186080501633 ER PT J AU Beckman, MJ Bajwa, A Horst, RL Dalgleish, R AF Beckman, MJ Bajwa, A Horst, RL Dalgleish, R TI Hypocalcemia and parathyroid hormone increase a novel secreted phosphoprotein 24 kDa (Spp24) in kidney and bone cells. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 19-23, 2003 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Amer Soc Bone Mineral Res C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 SU 2 BP S175 EP S175 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 734WG UT WOS:000186080500683 ER PT J AU Bischoff, HA Dietrich, T Orav, EJ Zhang, Y Karlson, EW Dawson-Hughes, B AF Bischoff, HA Dietrich, T Orav, EJ Zhang, Y Karlson, EW Dawson-Hughes, B TI Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with better lower extremity function in active and inactive ambulatory elderly in the US. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 19-23, 2003 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Amer Soc Bone Mineral Res C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Robert B Brigham Arthrit & Musculoskeletal Clin R, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Charite, Berlin, Germany. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Gen Internal Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Clin Epidemiol Res & Training Unit, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 SU 2 BP S52 EP S52 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 734WG UT WOS:000186080500204 ER PT J AU Hannan, MT Tucker, KL Dawson-Hughes, B Chazaro, I Kiel, D AF Hannan, MT Tucker, KL Dawson-Hughes, B Chazaro, I Kiel, D TI Low calcium intake magnifies the bone loss seen with low dietary protein intake in elderly men and women. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 19-23, 2003 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Amer Soc Bone Mineral Res C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. BUSPH, Boston, MA USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 SU 2 BP S240 EP S240 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 734WG UT WOS:000186080500961 ER PT J AU McLean, RR Jacques, PF Selhub, J Samelson, EJ Broe, KE Hannan, MT Cupples, LA Kiel, DP AF McLean, RR Jacques, PF Selhub, J Samelson, EJ Broe, KE Hannan, MT Cupples, LA Kiel, DP TI Increased plasma homocysteine concentrations are strongly associated with increased risk of hip fracture in elderly men and women: The Framingham Study SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 19-23, 2003 CL Minneapolis, MN SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Boston, MA 02131 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Boston, MA 02131 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Aging, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 SU 2 BP S4 EP S4 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 734WG UT WOS:000186080500010 ER PT J AU Pro-Risquez, A Harris, SS Ross, E Rudicel, S Barnewolt, B Dawson-Hughes, B AF Pro-Risquez, A Harris, SS Ross, E Rudicel, S Barnewolt, B Dawson-Hughes, B TI Calcium, multivitamin and osteoporosis medication use in women and men with recent fractures. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 19-23, 2003 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Amer Soc Bone Mineral Res C1 Brookline Associates Internal Med, Brighton, MA USA. New England Res Inst, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 SU 2 BP S248 EP S248 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 734WG UT WOS:000186080500989 ER PT J AU Rath, NC AF Rath, NC TI Effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate on chicken chondrocytes. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 19-23, 2003 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Amer Soc Bone Mineral Res C1 ARS, USDA, Fayetteville, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 SU 2 BP S190 EP S191 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 734WG UT WOS:000186080500747 ER PT J AU Roughead, ZK Johnson, LK Wagner, JL AF Roughead, ZK Johnson, LK Wagner, JL TI Dietary iron and calcium interact to affect iron status and bone health in a response surface study of growing female rats. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 19-23, 2003 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Amer Soc Bone Mineral Res C1 USDA, ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Phys, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 SU 2 BP S155 EP S155 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 734WG UT WOS:000186080500607 ER PT J AU Tucker, KL Troy, L Morita, K Cupples, LA Harman, MT Kiel, DP AF Tucker, KL Troy, L Morita, K Cupples, LA Harman, MT Kiel, DP TI Carbonated beverage consumption and bone mineral density. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 19-23, 2003 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA SP Amer Soc Bone Mineral Res C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Boston, MA 02131 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 SU 2 BP S241 EP S241 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 734WG UT WOS:000186080500964 ER PT J AU Dupont, FM Altenbach, SB AF Dupont, FM Altenbach, SB TI Molecular and biochemical impacts of environmental factors on wheat grain development and protein synthesis SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE environment; fertilizer; gene expression; genomics; grain development; protein synthesis; proteomics; temperature; wheat ID BIFACTORIAL ENDOSPERM BOX; HMW GLUTENIN SUBUNITS; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE; BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; CIS-ACTING ELEMENTS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; MAIZE ENDOSPERM; WEIGHT GLUTENIN; STORAGE PROTEINS AB Wheat grain yield and flour quality are strongly influenced by the effects of environment during grain fill. Environmental variables such as temperature, water and fertilizer influence the rate and duration of wheat grain development, protein accumulation and starch deposition in unique ways, and by different mechanisms. The effects of environment are superimposed on the intrinsic temporal patterns of gene expression during grain development. Integration of genomic and proteomic studies with developmental studies under controlled environmental conditions should make it possible to resolve complex patterns of gene expression during grain development, pinpoint key regulatory processes that are influenced by the environment, and reveal the molecular basis for environmental impacts on flour composition and quality. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Dupont, FM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM fmd@pw.usda.gov NR 190 TC 153 Z9 173 U1 5 U2 65 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 133 EP 146 DI 10.1016/S0733-5210(03)00030-4 PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 717ZZ UT WOS:000185121800002 ER PT J AU Han, F Ullrich, SE Romagosa, I Clancy, JA Froseth, JA Wesenberg, DM AF Han, F Ullrich, SE Romagosa, I Clancy, JA Froseth, JA Wesenberg, DM TI Quantitative genetic analysis of acid detergent fibre content in barley grain SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE quantitative trait locus; barley; acid detergent fibre AB Acid detergent fibre (ADF) in cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare vulgare L.) grain, a major indicator of digestibility, negatively affects feed quality, especially of non-ruminant livestock and poultry. Genetic studies of barley grain ADF content have been very limited. The objectives of this study were to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting ADF content to a molecular marker linkage map in barley, and to determine interactions among the QTLs identified. A population of 150 doubled haploid lines (DHLs) derived from a cross of 'Steptoe'/'Morex' was used for mapping. A total of five QTLs were identified; three with relatively large effects mapping adjacent to one another on chromosome 2H and one each on chromosomes 4H and 1H (5). The five QTLs explained 64.5% of total variation. Steptoe contributed high ADF alleles at all QTLs identified. In order to confirm that the three adjacent QTLs on chromosome 2H are distinct genetic units, three DHLs representing each QTL were selected for backcrossing to Morex. Analysis of F-2 ADF data from these three crosses showed that the three QTLs are distinct heritable genetic units. Additivity among the three major QTLs on chromosome 2H and the QTL on chromosome 1H (5) were observed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Lleida, IRTA, Lleida 25196, Spain. Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Fac, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Ullrich, SE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Romagosa, Ignacio/A-8701-2011 OI Romagosa, Ignacio/0000-0001-6676-2196 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1016/S0733-5210(03)00020-1 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 717ZZ UT WOS:000185121800005 ER PT J AU Showler, AT Moran, PJ AF Showler, AT Moran, PJ TI Effects of drought stressed cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., on beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), oviposition, and larval feeding preferences and growth SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beet armyworm; cotton; drought stress; Gossypium hirsutum; plant stress; Spodoptera exigua ID FREE AMINO-ACIDS; WATER-STRESS; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; INDUCED RESISTANCE; TOBACCO BUDWORM; SOYBEAN PLANTS; MOSAIC-VIRUS; PIERIS-RAPAE; HOST-PLANT; LEPIDOPTERA AB The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), has been anecdotally reported to oviposit more on drought stressed than on nonstressed cotton plants. Using potted cotton plants in cages, this study demonstrated that beet armyworms deposited 3.3, 4.6, and 2.3 times more (P less than or equal to 0.05) eggs on cotton plants that were grown on 1500, 1000, and 750 ml water/wk, respectively, than on cotton plants grown in well watered (4000 ml water/wk) soil. Third instars, however, showed no preference for stressed cotton foliage over nonstressed foliage. Third instar beet armyworms raised on well watered cotton plants were 1.5, 2.3, and 2.6 times heavier than those reared on cotton grown in the 1500, 1000, and 750 ml water/wk plants (P less than or equal to 0.05), respectively. Physiochemical analyses showed that drought stressed leaves had significantly greater accumulations of free amino acids that are essential for insect growth and development. Soluble protein and soluble carbohydrates were also more abundant in stressed leaves compared to nonstressed leaves. Despite the apparent increase in nutritional quality in drought stressed plants, larval survival was reduced, probably because the limiting factor became water. Greater amounts of cotton leaf area were consumed from drought stressed leaves (P less than or equal to 0.05) than from nonstressed leaves, probably because the larvae had to metabolize greater portions of assimilated energy to supplement body water with metabolic water derived from respiration. The association of greater host plant nutritional quality to oviposition preference, and conversely, to reduced survivorship, is discussed. C1 ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA,SARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA,SARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Res Unit, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA,SARC, 2412 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 61 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 25 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1997 EP 2011 DI 10.1023/A:1025626200254 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 718HF UT WOS:000185138500003 PM 14584672 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH Gardner, DR AF Ralphs, MH Gardner, DR TI Distribution of norditerpene alkaloids in tall larkspur plant parts through the growing season SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tall larkspur; Delphinium barbeyi; poisonous plant; diterpenoid alkaloids; methyllycaconitine; alkaloid pools ID DELPHINIUM ELATUM L; BARBEYI; ACCUMULATION; PATTERNS AB Previous research showed that toxic and total alkaloid pools in tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) increased during early growth, then declined precipitously during the late flower and pod stage of growth. The objective of this study was to measure the concentration and pools of toxic and total alkaloids in tall larkspur plant parts, including roots, and to evaluate the changes in these pools over the growing season as an estimate of diterpenoid alkaloid kinetics in tall larkspur. Twenty entire plants were harvested at each phenological stage: beginning of growth in the spring, early flower, early pod, late pod, and senescence. The plants were separated into their respective parts, freeze-dried, extracted, and analyzed for toxic and total alkaloid concentration, and alkaloid pools were calculated. Concentration of toxic and total alkaloids in leaves and stems declined as the plants matured, while concentration in flowers and pods increased (P < 0.004). Concentration of alkaloids in the root declined in the early growth, then increased at the end of the season (P = 0.002). Alkaloid pools in the root decreased during early growth, with a corresponding increase of pools in foliar parts. In the late flower and pod stage, alkaloid pools in the leaves and stems declined rapidly, while the pool in the crown and roots tended to increase. C1 ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2013 EP 2021 DI 10.1023/A:1025678217092 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 718HF UT WOS:000185138500004 PM 14584673 ER PT J AU Czarnota, MA Rimando, AM Weston, LA AF Czarnota, MA Rimando, AM Weston, LA TI Evaluation of root exudates of seven sorghum accessions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; forage sorghum; grain sorghum; johnsongrass; shattercane; sorgoleone; 5-ethoxysorgoleone; 2,5-dimethoxysorgoleone ID NATURAL PRODUCT SORGOLEONE; STRIGA-ASIATICA; PHYTOTOXICITY; GERMINATION; INHIBITION; BICOLOR AB Seven sorghum accessions were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively for the composition of their root exudates. Utilizing a unique capillary mat growing system, root exudates were collected from all sorghum accessions. Exudates were subjected to TLC and HPLC analysis to evaluate their chemical composition. Within each sorghum accession, variation existed in the amount of exudate produced and the chemical constituents of each exudate. Sorgoleone was the predominant constituent identified in each accession's exudate. Other closely related compounds, including 5-ethoxysorgoleone, 2,5-dimethoxysorgoleone, three other minor components (MW = 364, 388, and 402), and one unidentified component comprised the minor constituents of the root exudate. Our past work has shown that several of these compounds have potent phytotoxic activity as photosystem II inhibitors, thereby lending further support to the concept that Sorghum spp. are allelopathic and weed suppressive. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Georgia Expt Stn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Czarnota, MA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Georgia Expt Stn, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RI Weston, Leslie/M-4557-2015 OI Weston, Leslie/0000-0002-1029-7982 NR 24 TC 67 Z9 78 U1 5 U2 49 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2073 EP 2083 DI 10.1023/A:1025634402071 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 718HF UT WOS:000185138500007 PM 14584676 ER PT J AU Zhang, AJ Polavarapu, S AF Zhang, AJ Polavarapu, S TI Sex pheromone of the cranberry blossom worm, Epiglaea apiata SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cranberry blossomworm; Epiglaea apiata; gas chromatographic-electroantennographic; detection; aliphatic acids; (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate; tetradecyl acetate; sex pheromone ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IDENTIFICATION; SCARABAEIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; COLEOPTERA AB The cranberry blossom worm, Epiglaea apiata (Grote) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major pest of cranberries in New Jersey. The female sex pheromone of this moth was identified as a blend of (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate (Z9-16:Ac), (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:Ac), and tetradecyl acetate (14:Ac) by gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The ratio of the components in extracts of the female pheromone gland was determined to be 65 : 2 : 33 of the Z9-16:Ac, Z9-14:Ac, and 14:Ac, respectively. The double bond positions of the pheromone components were confirmed by dimethyl disulfide derivatization. In addition to the above three components, a mixture of C-4-C-10 aliphatic acids was present in both gland extracts and effluvia collections, and the acids elicited significant EAD responses from male moth antennae. However, addition of the C-4-C-10 aliphatic acids to the pheromone blend did not significantly increase trap captures. Three-hundred- and 1000-mug doses of a synthetic blend containing Z9-16:Ac, Z9-14:Ac, and 14:Ac (65 : 2 : 33), on a rubber septum were more attractive to males than lower doses. C1 ARS, USDA, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res &, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Zhang, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2153 EP 2164 DI 10.1023/A:1025646804797 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 718HF UT WOS:000185138500013 PM 14584682 ER PT J AU Rao, S Cosse, AA Zilkowski, BW Bartelt, RJ AF Rao, S Cosse, AA Zilkowski, BW Bartelt, RJ TI Aggregation pheromone of the cereal leaf beetle: Field evaluation and emission from males in the laboratory SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cereal leaf beetle; Oulema melanopus; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; aggregation pheromone; (E)-8-hydroxy-6-methyl-6-octen-3-one; field evaluation; emission rates; (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate ID FLEA BEETLES; IDENTIFICATION; CHRYSOMELIDAE; PHYLLOTRETA; COLEOPTERA AB The previously identified, male-specific compound of the cereal leaf beetle (CLB, Chrysomelidae; Oulema melanopus), (E)-8-hydroxy-6-methyl-6-octen-3-one, was studied further with respect to field activity and emission rate from male beetles. In a 5-week field experiment in Oregon, the compound was shown to function as an aggregation pheromone in attracting male and female CLBs migrating from overwintering sites in spring. Traps baited with the synthetic compound (500 mug per rubber septum) caught 3.3 times more CLBs than control traps. Lower doses of the pheromone (50 and 150 mug) were less attractive than the 500 1 g dose. One relatively abundant, volatile compound from the host plant (oats), (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, that elicited responses from beetle antennae was not attractive, either by itself or as a synergist of the pheromone. Both sexes were captured about equally for all treatments. We also measured daily pheromone emission by male beetles in the laboratory. Individual males feeding on oat seedlings under greenhouse conditions emitted as much as 6 1 g per day, which is about 500 times higher than had been previously observed under incubator conditions. The pheromone emission rate was at least five times higher during the day than at night, and in one male, emission spanned a period of 28 d. The release rate of synthetic pheromone from the 500 mug septa was very similar to the maximum from single males; thus, future experiments should evaluate even higher doses. The field results indicate that the pheromone has potential as a monitoring tool for early detection of CLBs as they move from their overwintering sites into newly planted cereal crops in spring. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Entomol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Rao, S (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Entomol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2165 EP 2175 DI 10.1023/A:1025698821635 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 718HF UT WOS:000185138500014 PM 14584683 ER PT J AU Nennich, TD Linn, JG Johnson, DG Endres, MI Jung, HG AF Nennich, TD Linn, JG Johnson, DG Endres, MI Jung, HG TI Comparison of feeding corn silages from leafy or conventional corn hybrids to lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE corn silage hybrid; dairy cow; nutrient digestibility ID NUTRIENT COMPOSITION; DETERGENT FIBER; MILK-PRODUCTION; DIGESTIBILITY; DIGESTION; LEAFINESS; CATTLE; GRAIN; YIELD AB Three corn hybrids (Pioneer 36F30, Mycogen TMF2450, and Mycogen TMF2404) were compared for yield and quality traits, and lactation performance and apparent digestibility by Holstein cows. The three corn silages were harvested at a target of 33 to 35% dry matter. Before harvest, six corn plants were randomly selected for plant fractionation. Grain-to-stover ratios were 0.92, 0.70, and 0.95 for the 36F30, TMF2450, and TMF2404 corn plants, respectively. Fifty-two multiparous Holstein cows were placed on a 120-d lactation trial after a 21-d covariate diet. Cows were blocked by calving date and randomly assigned within block to one of three dietary treatments, containing approximately 40% (dry matter basis) corn silage. Milk yield, milk components, and dry matter intake did not differ among dietary treatments. In vitro true and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities were numerically higher for TMF2404 than the other corn silage hybrids. Apparent total-tract crude protein and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities, as measured by acid insoluble ash, were higher for TMF2450 than the other two hybrids, but starch digestibility was not different between the corn silage dietary treatments. Although small differences in nutrient content and digestibility existed among corn silage hybrids, inclusion of these leafy hybrids in lactating cow diets at 40% of the dietary dry matter did not have a significant impact on lactation performance of dairy cattle. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, W Cent Res & Outreach Ctr, Morris, MN 56267 USA. ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Linn, JG (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 86 IS 9 BP 2932 EP 2939 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73890-9 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 718GZ UT WOS:000185137900022 PM 14507029 ER PT J AU McCoard, SA Wise, TH Lunstra, DD Ford, JJ AF McCoard, SA Wise, TH Lunstra, DD Ford, JJ TI Stereological evaluation of Sertoli cell ontogeny during fetal and neonatal life in two diverse breeds of swine SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; TRANSEPITHELIAL ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; HEMI-CASTRATION; CYCLIC-AMP; COMPENSATORY HYPERTROPHY; TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT; SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES; LAMB TESTIS AB Chinese Meishan (MS) boars have smaller testes clue to fewer Sertoli cells compared with White Composite (WC) boars. The objective was to describe Sertoli cell development relative to circulating FSH concentrations in fetal and neonatal MS and WC boars. Testes and blood samples were collected on days 60, 75, 90 and 105 postcoitum (dpc) and 1, 7, 14 and 25 postpartum (dpp). One testis was immunostained for GATA4 or Ki67 antigen to evaluate total and proliferating Sertoli cell numbers respectively. Testicular size was greater (P<0.01) in WC than MS boars at all ages, associated with a greater mass of interstitial tissue. Tubular mass (P<0.01) was greater in prenatal WC boars, but postnatally increased more rapidly (P<0.001) in MS boars, exceeding WC boars by 25 dpp. Sertoli cell numbers increased with age, was greater (P<0.001) in WC than MS boars during prenatal development but increased rapidly (P<0.01) by 1 dpp in MS and thereafter was similar in both breeds. The proportion of Ki67-positive Sertoli cells was maximal at 90 dpc, declining thereafter, did not differ between breeds through 7 dpp, but was greater (P<0.05) in WC than MS boars at 14 and 25 dpp. Plasma FSH concentrations were greater (P<0.05) in WC than MS boars at 75 dpc. FSH concentrations were elevated at 105 dpc (MS) and 1 dpp (WC) but declined thereafter with advancing postnatal age in both breeds. This study illustrates that late gestation represents the period of maximal Sertoli cell proliferation. Despite asynchronous Sertoli cell population growth between breeds during early postnatal life, differential mature Sertoli cell numbers and testicular size are probably due to differences in duration of the proliferative period after 25 dpp, potentially regulated by Sertoli cell maturation and blood-testis barrier formation. These events were not associated with fetal or early postnatal changes in FSH secretion. C1 AgRes Ltd, Grassland Res Ctr, Nutr & Behav Grp, Palmerston North, New Zealand. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP McCoard, SA (reprint author), AgRes Ltd, Grassland Res Ctr, Nutr & Behav Grp, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand. NR 53 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC ENDOCRINOLOGY PI BRISTOL PA 22 APEX COURT, WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 178 IS 3 BP 395 EP 403 DI 10.1677/joe.0.1780395 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 728VQ UT WOS:000185737400007 PM 12967332 ER PT J AU McCoard, SA Wise, TH Ford, JJ AF McCoard, SA Wise, TH Ford, JJ TI Endocrine and molecular influences on testicular development in Meishan and White Composite boars SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULLERIAN-INHIBITING SUBSTANCE; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC-ACIDS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA-4; SERTOLI-CELL PROLIFERATION; NEONATAL GOITROGEN TREATMENT; THYROID-HORMONE; RAT TESTIS; GONADAL DEVELOPMENT; BODY-COMPOSITION AB The ann of this study was to evaluate developmental changes in thyroid hormone and other key endocrine hormones/molecular markers produced by testicular cells, in relation to breed differences in proliferation and maturation of Sertoli cells and general testicular morphological development in Meishan (MS) and White Composite (WC) boars. Blood samples and testes were collected oil days 60, 75, 90 and 105 post coitum (dpc) and days 1, 7, 14 and 25 post partum (dpp). Testes were immunostained for thyroid hormone receptor-beta1 (THRbeta1), GATA4, Mullerian-inhibiting substance (MIS), 17-alpha-hydroxylase (P450(c17)) and inhibin subunits (alpha, betaA, betaB). In addition, protein levels were determined by densitometry. Plasma concentrations of free triiodothyronine (T-3) were greater in MS (hyperthyroid) compared with WC (hypothyroid) boars (P<0.01) during fetal life, but the reverse was evident postnatally. Elevated levels of free T-3 during fetal life were associated with increased levels of THRbeta1, suggesting increased thyroid responsiveness of the testis during this time, contrasting with observations during early postnatal life. Localization patterns of THRbeta1, MIS, GATA4 and the inhibin subunits were consistent with previous studies. MIS protein levels declined more rapidly (P<0.001) in MS compared with WC Sertoli cells postnatally, consistent with earlier maturation of Sertoli cells as indicated by Our Previous study. In this study, transient neonatal hyperthyroidism in MS boars during late gestation was associated with a decline in proliferation and early maturation of Sertoli cells, followed by early onset of puberty in this breed. These observations indicate a possible role for thyroid hormone in the modification of Sertoli cell development, thereby influencing growth and differentiation of the testis in pigs. C1 AgRes Ltd, Grasslands Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP McCoard, SA (reprint author), AgRes Ltd, Grasslands Res Ctr, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand. NR 77 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC ENDOCRINOLOGY PI BRISTOL PA 22 APEX COURT, WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 178 IS 3 BP 405 EP 416 DI 10.1677/joe.0.1780405 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 728VQ UT WOS:000185737400008 PM 12967333 ER PT J AU Salfen, BE Carroll, JA Keisler, DH AF Salfen, BE Carroll, JA Keisler, DH TI Endocrine responses to short-term feed deprivation in weanling pigs SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-HORMONE-SECRETION; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; OBESE GENE-EXPRESSION; FOOD-DEPRIVED RATS; SPRAY-DRIED PLASMA; YOUNG-PIGS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE EXPOSURE; SOMATOTROPH FUNCTION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE AB The study objective was to assess endocrine and tissue responses to feed deprivation in wearied pigs. In experiment 1, eight crossbred castrated male pigs were either fed on a continual basis (CON; n=4) or were feed deprived for 24 h and then re-fed until 30 h (FD; n=4). Relative serum concentrations of ghrelin tended to be lower in FD pigs at 12 h (P=0.08) when compared with CON pigs, but was higher at 24 h and 30 h compared with 12 h (P<0.05). Serum IGF-I was lower in FD pigs front 12 to 30 h as compared with CON pigs (P<0.05) and increased following re-feeding (P<0.06). Experiment 2 consisted of 32 pigs that were either fed for 72 or 96 h (CON72 and CON96; n=16), feed deprived for 72 h (FD72; n=8), or FD72 and then re-fed front 72-96 h (FD72/RF24; n=8). Ghrelin in the FD72 and FD72/RF24 groups was lower at 12 h (P<0.03) compared with CON pigs, but then increased from 12 h to 36 h (P<0.01). Scruin IGF-I and leptin decreased following feed deprivation (P<0.001) and remained low until re-feeding. Cortisol was elevated from 12 h to 72 h during feed deprivation (P<0.01) but was not different from CON96 pigs following refeeding (P>0.88). Expression of ghrelin mRNA tended to be lower in the FD72 pigs' stomachs, pituitary glands, and hypothalami (P=0.06, 0.07, and 0.08 respectively) Compared with CON pigs. These results provide evidence that feed deprivation is accompanied by multiple changes in the endocrine and neuroendocrine axis which influences feed intake, somatotropic response, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormone concentrations. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Anim Sci Res Ctr 114, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Carroll, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Anim Sci Res Ctr 114, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM CarrollJA@Missouri.edu RI Keisler, Duane/C-2746-2011 OI Keisler, Duane/0000-0002-8792-7030 NR 63 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 178 IS 3 BP 541 EP 551 DI 10.1677/joe.0.1780541 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 728VQ UT WOS:000185737400021 PM 12967345 ER PT J AU Brown, TC Ajzen, I Hrubes, D AF Brown, TC Ajzen, I Hrubes, D TI Further tests of entreaties to avoid hypothetical bias in referendum contingent valuation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE hypothetical bias; contingent valuation; public goods; referenda AB Over-estimation of willingness to pay in contingent markets has been attributed largely to hypothetical bias. One promising approach for avoiding hypothetical bias is to tell respondents enough about such bias that they self-correct for it. A script designed for this purpose by Cummings and Taylor was used in hypothetical referenda that differed in payment amount. In comparisons with behavior observed in: otherwise identical real payment referenda, the script worked remarkably well at higher payment levels (dropping the likelihood of a yes vote to the level obtained in separate sample real referenda), but less well at a lower payment level. The repeated success of the script at higher payment amounts is a clear sign that additional research is warranted-research that will bring us a more complete understanding. of how the entreaty works. This research may need to explore its workings at the individual respondent level. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Psychol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Coll Mt St Vincent, Dept Psychol, Bronx, NY 10471 USA. RP Brown, TC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 16 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0095-0696 J9 J ENVIRON ECON MANAG JI J.Environ.Econ.Manage. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 353 EP 361 DI 10.1016/S0095-0696(02)00041-4 PG 9 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 716RK UT WOS:000185042100009 ER PT J AU Heagle, AS Miller, JE Pursley, WA AF Heagle, AS Miller, JE Pursley, WA TI Growth and yield responses of potato to mixtures of carbon dioxide and ozone SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L.; SOYBEAN RESPONSE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PLANT-RESPONSES; ENRICHMENT; STRESS; INJURY; CULTIVARS; BIOMASS AB Elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere can stimulate plant growth and yield, whereas ground-level ozone (O-3) concentrations cause the opposite effect in many areas of the world. Recent experiments show that elevated CO2 can protect some plants from O-3 stress, but this has not been tested for most crop species. Our objective was to determine if elevated CO2 protects Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) from foliar injury and suppression of growth and yield caused by O-3. An O-3-resistant cultivar (Superior) and an O-3-sensitive cultivar (Dark Red Norland) were exposed from within 10 d after emergence to maturity to mixtures of three CO2 and three O-3 treatments in open-top field chambers. The three CO2 treatments were ambient (370 muL L-1) and two treatments with CO2 added to ambient CO2 for 24 h d(-1) (540 and 715 muL L-1). The O-3 treatments were charcoal-filtered air (15 nL L-1), nonfiltered air (45 nL L-1), and nonfiltered air with 03 added for 12 h d(-1) (80 nL L-1). Elevated O-3 and CO2 caused extensive foliar injury of Dark Red Norland, but caused only slight injury of Superior. Elevated CO2 increased growth and tuber yield of both cultivars, whereas elevated O-3 generally suppressed growth and yield, mainly of Dark Red Norland. Elevated CO2 appeared to protect Dark Red Norland from O-3-induced suppression of shoot, root, and tuber weight as measured at midseason but did not protect either cultivar from O-3 stress at the final harvest. The results further illustrate the difficulty in predicting effects of O-3 + CO2 mixtures based on the effects of the individual gases. C1 USDA ARS, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Heagle, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Air Qual Plant Growth & Dev Res Unit, 3908 Inwood Rd, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. NR 31 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1603 EP 1610 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723AD UT WOS:000185409500003 PM 14535300 ER PT J AU Kuang, ZH McConnell, LL Torrents, A Meritt, D Tobash, S AF Kuang, ZH McConnell, LL Torrents, A Meritt, D Tobash, S TI Atmospheric deposition of pesticides to an agricultural watershed of the Chesapeake Bay SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NEVADA MOUNTAIN-RANGE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; WET DEPOSITION; GAS-EXCHANGE; GREAT-LAKES; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; AIR; RIVER; CALIFORNIA; HERBICIDES AB The Choptank River watershed, located on the Delmarva Peninsula of the Chesapeake Bay, is dominated by agricultural land use, which makes it vulnerable to runoff and atmospheric deposition of pesticides. Agricultural and wildlife areas are in close proximity and off-site losses of pesticides may contribute to toxic effects on sensitive species of plants and animals. High-volume air samples (n = 31) and event-based rain samples (n = 71) were collected from a single location in the watershed representing regional background conditions. Surface water samples were collected from eight stations in the tidal portion of the river on five occasions during 2000. Chlorothalonil, metolachlor, atrazine, simazine, endosulfan, and chlorpyrifos were frequently detected in the air and rain, with maximal concentrations during the period when local or regional crops were planted. The wet deposition load to the watershed was estimated at 150 +/- 16, 61 +/- 7, and 51 +/- 6 kg yr(-1) for chlorothalonil, metolachlor, and atrazine, respectively. The high wet deposition load compared with the estimated annual usage for chlorothalonil (13%) and endosulfan (14-90%) suggests an atmospheric source from outside the watershed. Net air-water gas exchange fluxes for metolachlor varied from -44 +/- 19 to 9.3 +/- 4.1 ng m(-2) d(-1) with negative values indicating net deposition. Wet deposition accounted for 3 to 20% of the total metolachlor mass in the Choptank River and was a more important source to the river than gas exchange. Estimates of herbicide flux presented here are probably a low estimate and actual rates may be significantly higher in areas closer to pesticide application. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. RP McConnell, LL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Meritt, Donald/D-3857-2012 NR 42 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1611 EP 1622 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723AD UT WOS:000185409500004 PM 14535301 ER PT J AU Miller, DN Woodbury, BL AF Miller, DN Woodbury, BL TI Simple Protocols to determine dust potentials from cattle feedlot soil and surface samples SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WIND EROSION AB Cattle feedlot dust is an annoyance and may be a route for nutrient transport, odor emission, and pathogen dispersion, but important environmental factors that contribute to dust emissions are poorly characterized. A general protocol was devised to test feedlot samples for their ability to produce dust under a variety of environmental conditions. A blender was modified to produce dust from a variety of dried feedlot surface and soil samples and collect airborne particles on glass fiber filters by vacuum collection. A general blending protocol optimized for sample volume (150-175 cm(3)), blending time (5 min of pre-blending), and dust collection time (15 s) provided consistent dust measurements for all samples tested. The procedure performed well on samples that varied in organic matter content, but was restricted to samples containing less than 200 to 700 g H2O kg(-1) dry matter (DM). When applied to field samples, the technique demonstrated considerable spatial variability between feedlot pen sites. Mechanistically, dust potential was related to moisture and organic matter content. An alternative protocol also demonstrated differences within pen sites in maximum dust potential and dust airborne residence time. The two protocols were not intended, nor are they suitable, for predicting actual particulate matter emissions from agricultural sources. Rather, the protocols rapidly and inexpensively compared the potential for dust emission from samples of differing composition under a variety of environmental conditions. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Miller, DN (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. OI Miller, Daniel/0000-0003-3476-487X NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1634 EP 1640 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723AD UT WOS:000185409500006 PM 14535303 ER PT J AU Hettiarachchi, GM Ryan, JA Chaney, RL La Fleur, CM AF Hettiarachchi, GM Ryan, JA Chaney, RL La Fleur, CM TI Sorption and desorption of cadmium by different fractions of biosolids-amended soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE; MANGANESE OXIDES; ORGANIC-MATTER; IRON; ADSORPTION; METALS; KINETICS; ZINC; EXTRACTABILITY; TEMPERATURE AB To evaluate the importance of both the inorganic and organic fractions in biosolids on Cd chemistry, a series of Cd sorption and desorption batch experiments (at pH 5.5) were conducted on different fractions of soils from a long-term Held experimental site. The slope of the Cd sorption isotherm increased with rate of biosolids and was different for the different biosolids. Removal of organic carbon (OC) reduced the slope of the Cd sorption isotherm but did not account for the observed differences between biosolids-amended soils and a control soil, indicating that the increased adsorption associated with biosolids application was not limited to the increased OC from the addition of biosolids. Removal of both OC and Fe/Mn further reduced the slopes of Cd sorption isotherms and the sorption isotherm of the biosolids-amended soil was the same as that of the control, indicating both OC and Fe/Mn fractions added by the biosolids were important to the increased sorption observed for the biosolids-amended soil samples. Desorption experiments failed to remove from 60 to 90% of the sorbed Cd. This "apparent hysteresis" was higher for biosolids-amended soil than the control soil. Removal of both OC and Fe/Mn fractions was more effective in removing the observed differences between the biosolids-amended soil and the control than either alone. Results show that Cd added to biosolids-amended soil behaves differently than Cd added to soils without biosolids and support the hypothesis that the addition of Fe and Mn in the biosolids increased the retention of Cd in biosolids-amended soils. C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US EPA, Remediat & Containment Branch, Land Remediat & Pollut Control Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hettiarachchi, GM (reprint author), Univ Peradeniya, Fac Agr, Dept Soil Sci, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. RI Hettiarachchi, Ganga/F-6895-2015 OI Hettiarachchi, Ganga/0000-0002-6669-2885 NR 45 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1684 EP 1693 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723AD UT WOS:000185409500012 PM 14535309 ER PT J AU Qian, YL Bandaranayake, W Parton, WJ Mecham, B Harivandi, MA Mosier, AR AF Qian, YL Bandaranayake, W Parton, WJ Mecham, B Harivandi, MA Mosier, AR TI Long-term effects of clipping and nitrogen management in turfgrass on soil organic carbon and nitrogen dynamics: The CENTURY model simulation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS; FATE AB Experiments to document the long-term effects of clipping management on N requirements, soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil organic nitrogen (SON) are difficult and costly and therefore few. The CENTURY ecosystem model offers an opportunity to study long-term effects of turfgrass clipping management on biomass production, N requirements, SOC and SON, and N leaching through computer simulation. In this study, the model was verified by comparing CENTURY-predicted Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) clipping yields with field-measured clipping yields. Long-term simulations were run for Kentucky bluegrass grown under home lawn conditions on a clay loam soil in Colorado. The model predicted that compared with clipping-removed management, returning clippings for 10 to 50 yr would increase soil C sequestration by 11 to 25% and nitrogen sequestration by 12 to 28% under a high (150 kg N ha(-1)yr(-1)) nitrogen (N) fertilization regime, and increase soil carbon sequestration by 11 to 59% and N sequestration by 14 to 78% under a low (75 kg N ha(-1)yr(-1)) N fertilization regime. The CENTURY model was further used as a management supporting system to generate optimal N fertilization rates as a function of turfgrass age. Returning grass clippings to the turf-soil ecosystem can reduce N requirements by 25% from 1 to 10 yr after turf establishment, by 33% 11 to 25 yr after establishment, by 50% 25 to 50 yr after establishment, and by 60% thereafter. The CENTURY model shows potential for use as a decision-supporting tool for maintaining turf quality and minimizing negative environmental impacts. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, NREL, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. No Colorado Water Conservancy Dist, Loveland, CO 80539 USA. Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Alameda, CA 94502 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Qian, YL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 27 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1694 EP 1700 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723AD UT WOS:000185409500013 PM 14535310 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Papiernik, SK Guo, MX Yates, SR AF Zheng, W Papiernik, SK Guo, MX Yates, SR TI Competitive degradation between the fumigants chloropicrin and 1,3-dichloropropene in unamended and amended soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSION; ACCELERATED DEGRADATION; ENHANCED DEGRADATION; AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE; FIELD APPLICATIONS; VOLATILIZATION; TRANSFORMATION; 1,3-D; NITRIFICATION; TEMPERATURE AB The mixture of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) is used as a preplant soil fumigant. In comparison with individual fumigants, application of a mixture may affect the environmental dissipation and fate of each chemical, such as emission and degradation. We investigated the degradation of CP, 1,3-D, and their mixture in fresh soils and sterile soils, and evaluated the competitive characteristic of fumigants in the mixture. The degradation of low concentrations of CP in fresh soil was accelerated at early times in the presence of 1,3-D, whereas the addition of CP reduced the degradation rate of trans-1,3-D, possibly by inhibiting the activity of trans-1,3-D degrading microorganisms. The potential of applying amendments to the soil to increase the rate of CP and 1,3-D degradation was also illustrated. The degradation of both fumigants was significantly enhanced in soils amended with ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) and sodium diethyldithiocarhamate (Na-DEDTC) compared with unamended soil. Competitive degradation was observed for CP in amended soils in the presence of 1,3-D. The degradation of cis-1,3-D in amended soils spiked as a mixture of 1,3-D and CP was repressed compared with the rate of degradation in samples spiked with 1,3-D only. This implied that in abiotic degradation, CP and cis-1,3-D competed for a limited number of reaction sites in amended soil, resulting in decreased degradation rates. No significant influence of fumigant mixtures was observed for trans-1,3-D in amended soil. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Phys & Pesticides Res Unit, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Yates, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Phys & Pesticides Res Unit, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 4500 Glenwood Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1735 EP 1742 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723AD UT WOS:000185409500018 PM 14535315 ER PT J AU White, SK Brummer, JE Leininger, WC Frasier, GW Waskom, RM Bauder, TA AF White, SK Brummer, JE Leininger, WC Frasier, GW Waskom, RM Bauder, TA TI Irrigated mountain meadow fertilizer application timing effects on overland flow water quality SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; NUTRIENT LOSSES; ORGANIC MANURES; HAY PRODUCTION; ARABLE LAND; NITROGEN; RUNOFF; SOIL; POLLUTION; PASTURE AB Nonpoint-source pollution from agricultural activities is currently the leading cause of degradation of waterways in the United States. Applying best management practices to flood-irrigated mountain meadows may improve agricultural runoff and return flow water quality. Prior research has focused on fertilizer use for increased hay yields, while few studies have investigated the environmental implications of this practice. We examined the effects of fertilizer application timing on overland flow water quality from an irrigated mountain meadow near Gunnison, Colorado. Application of 40 kg phosphorus (P), and 19 kg nitrogen (N) ha(-1) using monoammonium phosphate (11-52-0, N-P-K) fertilizer to plots in the fall significantly reduced concentrations of reactive P and ammonium N in irrigation overland flow compared with early or late spring fertilization. Reactive P loading was 9 to almost 16 times greater when fertilizer was applied in the early or late spring, respectively, compared with in the fall. Ammonium N followed a similar trend with early spring loading more than 18 times greater and late spring loading more than 34 times greater than loads from fall-fertilized plots. Losses of 45% of the applied P and more than 17% of the N were measured in runoff when fertilizer was applied in the late spring. These results, coupled with those from previous studies, suggest that mountain meadow hay producers should apply fertilizer in the fall, especially P-based fertilizers, to improve hay yields, avoid economic losses from loss of applied fertilizers, and reduce the potential for impacts to water quality. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecosyst Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Mt Meadow Res Ctr, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Brummer, JE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecosyst Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1802 EP 1808 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723AD UT WOS:000185409500026 PM 14535323 ER PT J AU Eigenberg, RA Nienaber, JA AF Eigenberg, RA Nienaber, JA TI Electromagnetic induction methods applied to an abandoned manure handling site to determine nutrient buildup SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOIL COMPACTION AB Movement of nutrients from livestock manure handling sites has the potential to negatively impact the environment. This study was conducted using electromagnetic induction (EMI) measurements to develop apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) maps to identify regions of nutrient buildup beneath an abandoned compost site. A trailer-mounted EM-38 coupled with a global positioning satellite system was towed across an area used for composting of feedlot manure. The resulting ECa maps were compared with known locations of compost rows confirming the alignment of row locations with high ECa regions. The identified rows were cored and compared with the region between the rows. The identified rows with a compost history demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) increases in soluble salts (1.6 times greater), NO3 (6.0 times greater), and Cl (2.0 times greater) compared with the area between the rows at a 1.5-m depth. Image processing techniques were used to display yearly changes that were associated with nutrient movement and transformations in the soil beneath the site. Correlations between EMI measurements and soil core analyses for NO3-N, Cl, and EC provided ancillary support for the EMI methods. The use of EMI for mapping of sites having a history of livestock waste application was effective in delineating high nutrient buildup areas and for observing spatial EC, changes over time. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Biol Engn Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Eigenberg, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Biol Engn Res Unit, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1837 EP 1843 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723AD UT WOS:000185409500030 PM 14535327 ER PT J AU Allaire, SE Yates, SR Ernst, F Papiernik, SK AF Allaire, SE Yates, SR Ernst, F Papiernik, SK TI Gas-phase sorption-desorption of propargyl bromide and 1,3-dichloropropene on plastic materials SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MEASURING SOIL RESPIRATION; DYNAMIC CLOSED-CHAMBER; NITROUS-OXIDE; FLUX CHAMBER; CO2 EFFLUX; DIFFUSION; EMISSIONS; SYSTEM; WATER AB The goal of this research was to provide information for choosing appropriate materials for studying gas-phase concentrations of propargyl bromide (3BP) and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) in laboratory experiments. Several materials were tested and found to sorb both gas-phase chemicals in the following order: stainless steel (SS) < Teflon polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE-FEP) flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) approximate to acrylic < low-density polyethylene (PE) < vinyl silicone < polyurethane foam (PUF). Sorption of SS was insignificant and PUF sorbed all the fumigant that was applied. For the other materials, linear sorption coefficients (K-d) for 3BP ranged from 3.0 cm(3) g(-1) for PVC to 215 cm(3) g(-1) for silicone. Freundlich sorption coefficients for 1,3-D ranged from 11.5 to 371 cm(3) g(-1). First-order desorption rate constants in an open system ranged from 0.05 to 1.38 h(-1) for 3BP and from 0.07 to 1.73 h(-1) for 1,3-D. In a closed system, less than 2% of sorbed fumigant desorbed from vinyl while up to 99% desorbed from PVC within 24 h when equilibrated at the highest headspace concentration. Sorption of both fumigants was linearly related to the square root of time except for vinyl and silicone. This may indicate non-fickian diffusion of fumigant into the polymer matrix. Vinyl, silicone, PE, and PUF should be avoided for quantitative study of organic gases, except possibly as a trapping medium. Use of PTFE, PVC, and acrylic may require correction for sorption-desorption and diffusion. C1 Univ Laval, FSAA, Laval, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Allaire, SE (reprint author), Univ Laval, FSAA, Pavillon Environm, Laval, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1915 EP 1921 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 723AD UT WOS:000185409500041 PM 14535338 ER PT J AU Moctezuma, E Smith, DL Gross, KC AF Moctezuma, E Smith, DL Gross, KC TI Antisense suppression of a beta-galactosidase gene (TBG6) in tomato increases fruit cracking SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE antisense suppression; fruit cracking; tomato ID DOWN-REGULATION; METABOLISM; QUALITY AB Antisense suppression of a tomato beta-galactosidase gene (TBG6) was used to study its role in fruit development, cell wall-modification, and fruit firmness. TBG6 mRNA is highly abundant during the earl stages of fruit development, but the levels decline sharply after the breaker stage with the start of the respiratory climacteric and a concomitant increase in ethylene production. Two antisense lines were obtained with significantly reduced levels of TBG6 mRNA at all stages of fruit development. At 30 d after pollination (dap), TBG6 mRNA levels were reduced by up to 98% and 88% in lines 6-2 and 6-10, respectively. Morphological phenotypes observed in the antisense lines included increased fruit cracking, reduced locular space, and a doubling in the thickness of the fruit cuticle. Two biochemical changes in antisense lines, compared with wild-type lines, were a reduction of exo-galactanase activity at the breaker +3 d stage and a reduction in the cell wall galactosyl content at the 20 dap stage. In addition, transgenic lines exhibited a 35-39% reduction in fruit firmness at the 20 dap stage, but their texture was equivalent to the wild type at 30 dap and beyond. Although the exact function of the TBG6 product is still unknown, these results implicate an important role for this enzyme in early fruit growth and development in tomato. C1 USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Area Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gross, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Area Res Ctr, Bldg 002,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 44 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 54 IS 390 BP 2025 EP 2033 DI 10.1093/jxb/erg214 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 717AU UT WOS:000185064100004 PM 12867545 ER PT J AU Tyree, MT Cochard, H AF Tyree, MT Cochard, H TI Vessel contents of leaves after excision: a test of the Scholander assumption SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE embolism; Helianthus annuus; open-vessel length; Scholander assumption ID XYLEM PRESSURE; HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE; SEASONAL-CHANGES; WATER RELATIONS; PLANTS; EMBOLISM; TRANSPIRATION; CAVITATION; PROBE; MAIZE AB When petioles of transpiring leaves are cut in the air, according to the 'Scholander assumption', the vessels cut open should fill with air as the water is drained away by tissue rehydration and/or continued transpiration. The distribution of air-filled vessels versus distance from the cut surface should match the distribution of lengths of 'open vessels', i.e. vessels cut open when the leaf is excised. A paint perfusion method was used to estimate the length distribution of open vessels and this was compared with the observed distribution of embolisms by the cryo-SEM method. In the cryo-SEM method, petioles are frozen in liquid nitrogen soon after the petiole is cut. The petioles are then cut at different distances from the original cut surface while frozen and examined in a cryo-SEM facility, where it is easy to distinguish vessels filled with air from those filled with ice. The Scholander assumption was also confirmed by a hydraulic method, which avoided possible freezing artefacts. In petioles of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) the distribution of embolized vessels agrees with expectations. This is in contrast to a previous study on sunflower where cryo-SEM results did not agree with expectations. The reasons for this disagreement are suggested, but further study is required for a full elucidation. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, NE Expt Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Univ Clermont Ferrand, Inst Natl Rech Agron, UMR Physiol Integree Arbre Frutier & Forestier, F-63039 Clermont Ferrand 2, France. RP Tyree, MT (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, NE Expt Stn, 705 Spear St,POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RI Cochard, Herve/P-7406-2015 OI Cochard, Herve/0000-0002-2727-7072 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 54 IS 390 BP 2133 EP 2139 DI 10.1093/jxb/erg237 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 717AU UT WOS:000185064100015 PM 12885866 ER PT J AU Parikh, DV Sachinvala, ND Sawhney, APS Robert, KQ Graves, EE Calamari, TA AF Parikh, DV Sachinvala, ND Sawhney, APS Robert, KQ Graves, EE Calamari, TA TI Flame retardant cotton blend highlofts SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE flame retardants; diammonium phosphate; urea; perpendicularlaid; highlofts; cotton; vertical flame test AB Highloft nonwovens are low density fabrics characterized by a high ratio of thickness to weight per unit area, which means that highlofts contain considerable void volume. They are usually made of synthetic fibers. The present research effort was directed to study cotton blended highlofts. The major problems with using cotton in highlofts are cotton's high flammability and lack of resiliency. The objective of this research was to carry out single-bath chemical finishing of perpendicular-laid (P-laid) higblofts to afford the composites' improved flame resistance (FR) and physical resiliency. We have developed two finishing formulations containing the flame retardants (a) diammonium phosphate (DAP)/urea, and (b) DAP and cyclic phosphonate ester along with the crosslinking agent DMDHEU. Both the formulations imparted flame resistance to the highly flammable highlofts, protecting them completely. However, the formulation containing DAP/urea is preferred because it is of lower cost. Using the vertical flame test, damage sustained was limited to charring in the vicinity of the instigating flame. The crosslinking agent was effective in improving compressional resistance and recovery. So, the finishing treatment produced P-laid cotton blend highlofts that were both FR and resilient. C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Tech Univ Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic. RP Parikh, DV (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0734-9041 J9 J FIRE SCI JI J. Fire Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 21 IS 5 BP 383 EP 395 DI 10.1177/073490403036114 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 718LH UT WOS:000185147200005 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH Lim, C Yildirim, M AF Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH Lim, C Yildirim, M TI Feed deprivation of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), influences organosomatic indices, chemical composition and susceptibility to Flavobacterium columnare SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE blood glucose; feed deprivation; Flavobacterium columnare; liver glycogen; proximate body composition ID EDWARDSIELLA-ICTALURI; BODY-COMPOSITION; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; FLEXIBACTER-COLUMNARIS; MACROPHAGE CHEMOTAXIS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; STARVATION; RESISTANCE; GROWTH; STRESS AB Withholding feed has been suggested as a strategy to manage infectious disease of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque). In a previous study, we demonstrated that deprivation of feed for as little as 7 days reduced innate resistance of catfish to Flavobacterium columnare. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding regimens [ no feeding (NF), fed once every other day to satiation (FEOD) and fed once daily to satiation (FD)] on organosomatic indices, physiological changes and susceptibility of channel catfish to F. columnare. Fish that were not fed for 2 and 4 weeks had a significant increase ( P < 0.05) in gutted weight:wet weight ratio and decrease in other organosomatic indices [ gut index (GI), mesenteric fat index (MFI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI)]. Haematology was not effected by feeding regimen except at week 4, when a significantly higher haemoglobin level was observed in the NF fish. Serum protein did not differ at week 2, but the level at week 4 of the NF fish (35.91 mg mL(-1)) was significantly lower than that of the FD fish (41.77 mg mL(-1)). Significantly lower ( P < 0.05) blood glucose ( 39.5 and 40.3 mg dL(-1)) and liver glycogen (1.7 and 1.8 mg g(-1)) were seen in the NF fish at weeks 2 and 4, respectively, as compared with blood glucose and liver glycogen levels of FD fish (67.5 and 92.8 mg dL(-1) and 46.5 and 52.6 mg g(-1) at weeks 2 and 4, respectively) and FEOD (82.8 and 85.5 mg dL(-1) and 45.1 and 51.4 mg g(-1) at weeks 2 and 4, respectively). Mortality in the NF fish caused by F. columnare (78%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than mortality in the FD and FEOD treatments (0.0 and 1.7%, respectively). Blood glucose and liver glycogen showed the same trend of low values for NF fish following challenge ( week 6). Blood glucose, liver glycogen, GI and HSI are sensitive indicators for channel catfish deprived of feed ( NF) for 4 weeks. Blood glucose and liver glycogen levels around 40 mg dL(-1) and 2 mg g(-1), respectively, are indicative of starvation in juvenile channel catfish. Moreover, NF fish were susceptible to F. columnare infection. Thus, it is suggested that in the absence of natural food, juvenile channel catfish should be fed at least once every other day to apparent satiation to maintain normal physiological function and improve resistance to F. columnare. C1 ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Shoemaker, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. NR 36 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 26 IS 9 BP 553 EP 561 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00489.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 724EE UT WOS:000185473600006 PM 14575373 ER PT J AU Pearce, RA Wallace, FM Call, JE Dudley, RL Oser, A Yoder, L Sheridan, JJ Luchansky, JB AF Pearce, RA Wallace, FM Call, JE Dudley, RL Oser, A Yoder, L Sheridan, JJ Luchansky, JB TI Prevalence of Campylobacter within a swine slaughter and processing facility SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; JEJUNI; SALMONELLA; CARCASSES; CONTAMINATION; SURVIVAL; SPP.; ENRICHMENT; ENTERITIS AB In this work, the occurrence of Campylobacter in a swine slaughter and processing facility was studied. Thirty composite carcass samples, representing 360 swine carcasses, were taken immediately after exsanguination, immediately after polishing, after the final wash, and after overnight chilling at 2degreesC. Thirty matching composite rectal samples were also taken immediately after exsanguination, and 60 nonmatching individual colon samples were collected from the same lot of swine during evisceration. Also, 72 environmental samples were collected from equipment used in the slaughter operation (42 samples) and the processing operation (30 samples). Campylobacter was isolated by direct plating on Campy-Line agar (CLA) or Campy-Cefex agar (CCA), as well as by Bolton broth enrichment and subsequent inoculation onto CLA or CCA. For all four recovery methods combined, Campylobacter was detected on 33% (10 of 30) of the composite carcasses immediately after exsanguination, 0% (0 of 30) after polishing, 7% (2 of 30) immediately before chilling, and 0% (0 of 30) after overnight chilling. The pathogen was recovered from 100% (30 of 30) of the composite rectal samples and 80% (48 of 60) of the individual colon samples. Campylobacter was detected in 4.8% (2 of 42) and 3.3% (1 of 30) of the slaughter and processing equipment samples, respectively. The recovery rate achieved with direct plating on CLA was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those achieved with the other three recovery methods. For the 202 isolates recovered from all of the various samples tested, Campylobacter coli was the predominant species (75%) and was followed by Campylobacter spp. (24%) and Campylobacter jejuni (1%). These results indicate that although Campylobacter is highly prevalent in the intestinal tracts of swine arriving at the slaughter facility, this microorganism does not progress through the slaughtering operation and is not detectable on carcasses after overnight chilling. C1 USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Univ, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. TEAGASC, Natl Food Ctr, Dublin 15, Ireland. Hatfield Qual Meats Inc, Hatfield, PA 19440 USA. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Univ, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 36 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1550 EP 1556 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 719PV UT WOS:000185213000005 PM 14503704 ER PT J AU Stern, NJ Robach, MC AF Stern, NJ Robach, MC TI Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. in broiler feces and in corresponding processed carcasses SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID JEJUNI; POULTRY; CONTAMINATION; CHICKENS; INFECTIONS; ENTERITIS; RECOVERY AB Twenty north Georgia commercial flocks of broiler chickens sampled in 1995 and I I flocks sampled in 2001 were tested for Campylobacter spp. Direct plating on Campy-Cefex agar was carried out to determine levels of Campylobacter colonization within each flock through the enumeration of the organism in 50 fresh fecal samples I day prior to slaughter. The next morning, these flocks were the first to be processed, and levels of the organism per carcass before the chilling operation (50 carcasses per flock) in 2001 and after the chilling operation (50 carcasses per flock) in both 1995 and 2001 were estimated. Levels of the organism on freshly processed broiler carcasses were estimated by the same methods in 1995 and 2001, and a significant reduction from an average of 10(4.11) CFU per carcass in 1995 to an average of 10(3.05) CFU per carcass in 2001 was observed. Levels of Campylobacter spp. found in production and in processing were not strongly correlative, indicating the existence of complex parameters involving production factors and variables associated with flock transport and the processing of the broilers. The reduction in Campylobacter levels on processed carcasses may have contributed to the reduction in the frequency of human disease observed by the Centers for Disease Control during the same period. These data characterize the distribution of Campylobacter in north Georgia poultry operations and should assist in the development of risk assessment models for Campylobacter spp. The results obtained in this study suggest that the implementation of antimicrobial interventions by the poultry industry has already reduced consumer exposure to the organism. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Wayne Farms LLC, Oakwood, GA 30566 USA. RP Stern, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 27 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1557 EP 1563 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 719PV UT WOS:000185213000006 PM 14503705 ER PT J AU Zaika, LL AF Zaika, LL TI Influence of NaCl content and cooling rate on outgrowth of Clostridium perfringens spores in cooked ham and beef SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; SPORULATION; PATHOGENS; PRODUCTS; STORAGE; FATE; PH AB effect of NaCl concentration and cooling rate on the ability of Clostridium perfringens to grow from spore inocula was studied with the use of a process that simulates the industrial cooking and cooling of smoked boneless ham and beef roasts. NaCl was added to ground cooked hams A and B (which were commercially obtained) to obtain levels of 2.4, 3.1, 3.6, and 4.1% (wt/wt) and 2.8, 3.3, 3.8, and 4.3% (wt/wt), respectively, and to raw ground beef to obtain levels of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% (wt/wt). Ham C, a specially formulated, commercially prepared product, was supplemented with NaCl to obtain levels of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5%. The samples were inoculated with a three-strain mixture of C. perfringens spores to obtain concentrations of ca. 3 log(10) CFU/g. Portions of meat (5 g each) were spread into thin layers (I to 2 mm) in plastic bags, vacuum packaged, and stored at -40degreesC. Thawed samples were heated at 75degreesC for 20 min and subsequently cooled in a programmed water bath from 54.4 to less than or equal to8.5degreesC in 15, 18, or 21 h. For the enumeration of C. perfringens, samples were plated on tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine agar and incubated in an anaerobic chamber at 37degreesC for 48 h. Population densities for cooked ham and beef increased as cooling time increased, and NaCl exerted a strong inhibitory effect on the germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens. For beef, while 3% NaCl completely arrested growth, pathogen numbers increased by greater than or equal to3, 5, and 5 log(10) CFU/g in 15, 18, and 21 h, respectively, when the NaCl level was <2%. C. perfringens did not grow during cooling for 15, 18, or 21 h in ham samples containing greater than or equal to3.1% NaCl. Results obtained in this study suggest that a 15-h cooling time for cooked ham, which is normally formulated to contain >2% NaCl, would yield an acceptable product (with an increase of <1 log(10) CFU/g in the C perfringens count); however, for beef containing <2% NaCl, C. perfringens populations may reach levels high enough to cause illness. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Zaika, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1599 EP 1603 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 719PV UT WOS:000185213000013 PM 14503712 ER PT J AU Kniel, KE Sumner, SS Lindsay, DS Hackney, CR Pierson, MD Zajac, AM Golden, DA Fayer, R AF Kniel, KE Sumner, SS Lindsay, DS Hackney, CR Pierson, MD Zajac, AM Golden, DA Fayer, R TI Effect of organic acids and hydrogen peroxide on Cryptosporidium parvum viability in fruit juices SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; OOCYSTS; INACTIVATION; EXCYSTATION; PERMEABILITY; SPOROZOITES; APOPTOSIS; CELLS; DEATH AB Cryptosporidium parvum has historically been associated with waterborne outbreaks of diarrheal illness. Foodborne cryptosporidiosis has been associated with unpasteurized apple cider. Infectious oocysts are shed in the feces of common ruminants like cattle and deer in and near orchards. In this study, the ability of organic acids and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) added to fruit juice to inhibit the survival of C parvum was analyzed. Oocyst viability was analyzed by a cell culture infectivity assay with the use of a human ileocecal cell line (HCT-8) whose infectivity pattern is similar to that for human oral infectivity. Cell monolayers were infected with 106 treated oocysts or a series of 10-fold dilutions. Parasitic life stages were visualized through immunohistochemistry with 100 microscope fields per monolayer being counted. In vitro excystation assays were also used to evaluate these treatments. Organic acids and H2O2 were added to apple cider, orange juice, and grape juices on a weight/volume basis. Malic, citric, and tartaric acids at concentrations of I to 5% inhibited C. parvum's infectivity of HCT-8 cells by up to 88%. Concentrations ranging from 0.025 to 3% H2O2 were evaluated. The addition of 0.025% H2O2 to each juice resulted in a >5-log reduction of C. parvum infectivity as determined with a most-probable-number-based cell culture infectivity assay. As observed with differential interference contrast and scanning electron microscopy, reduced infectivity may be mediated through effects on the oocyst wall that are caused by the action of H2O2 or related oxygen radicals. The addition of low concentrations of H2O2 can represent a valuable alternative to pasteurization. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Blacksburg, VA USA. Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA USA. W Virginia Univ, Davis Coll Agr Forestry & Consumer Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Kniel, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, B-1040-Room 100 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 41 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1650 EP 1657 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 719PV UT WOS:000185213000021 PM 14503720 ER PT J AU Seo, KH Brackett, RE Valentin-Bon, IE Holt, PS AF Seo, KH Brackett, RE Valentin-Bon, IE Holt, PS TI Comparison of homogenization methods for recovering Salmonella enteritidis from eggs SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID IRON SUPPLEMENTATION; RAPID DETECTION; POOLS; HENS AB For Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) detection, shell eggs have been homogenized with stomachers, with electric blenders, and by hand massaging. However, to date, there have been no published reports addressing whether the method of homogenization affects the recovery of SE from raw eggs. Three inoculum levels (10, 126, and 256 SE cells per pool of 10 eggs) were used to conduct three experiments. The 10-egg pools were homogenized by one of four homogenization methods-mechanical stomaching, electric blending, hand massaging, and hand stirring-for 30 s. The homogenized eggs were then incubated at 37degreesC, and SE colonies were enumerated after 24 and 48 h of incubation. After 24 h of incubation, no SE was recovered from egg samples from stomached or electrically blended pools inoculated with <10 cells, while levels of 10(6) CFU/ml were found for samples from whipped or hand-massaged pools inoculated with <10 cells. Similarly, after 24 h of incubation, the numbers of SE cells recovered from hand-massaged or hand-stirred egg pools inoculated with 126 cells were significantly larger than the numbers recovered from stomached or electrically blended egg pools inoculated with 126 cells. The number of SE cells recovered from samples homogenized with a blender was still significantly smaller than the numbers recovered from samples homogenized by the other three methods when the inoculum level was increased to 256 CFU per pool. However, the SE count for all samples approached 9 log(10) CFU/ml after 48 h of incubation. It is concluded that the detection of small SE populations in shell egg samples could be improved with the use hand massaging and hand stirring for homogenization. C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Plant & Dairy Foods & Beverages, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Seo, KH (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Plant & Dairy Foods & Beverages, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1666 EP 1669 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 719PV UT WOS:000185213000023 PM 14503722 ER PT J AU Geveke, DJ Brunkhorst, C AF Geveke, DJ Brunkhorst, C TI Inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with radio frequency electric fields SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID MICROORGANISMS AB The application of radio frequency (RF) electric fields as a nonthermal alternative to thermal inactivation of microorganisms in liquids was investigated. A novel RF system producing frequencies in the range of 20 to 60 kHz was developed. Electric field strengths of 20 and 30 kV/cm were applied to suspensions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in water over a temperature range of 35 to 55degreesC. The flow rate was 1.2 liters/min. The S. cerevisiae population was reduced by 2.1 +/- 0.1 log units following exposure to a 30-kV/cm field at 40degreesC. The results of the present study provide the first evidence that strong RF electric fields inactivate microorganisms at moderately low temperatures. Increasing the field strength, the number of treatments, and the temperature enhanced inactivation. Frequency had no effect on inactivation over the range of frequencies studied. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Geveke, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1712 EP 1715 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 719PV UT WOS:000185213000033 PM 14503732 ER PT J AU Musgrove, MT Cox, NA Berrang, ME Harrison, MA AF Musgrove, MT Cox, NA Berrang, ME Harrison, MA TI Comparison of weep and carcass rinses for recovery of Campylobacter from retail broiler carcasses SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID JEJUNI-COLI; POULTRY; CONTAMINATION; SALMONELLA; INFECTION; SPP.; MEAT; RAW AB Campylobacter is frequently recovered from broiler carcasses. Carcass rinsing is a commonly used procedure for isolating Campylobacter from poultry. A viscous fluid, or weep, exudes from broiler carcasses that have been packaged. This fluid can contain bacteria that were attached to the carcass and represents a potential means of detecting Campylobacter-contaminated carcasses through cultural analysis. Experiments were conducted to compare the efficacy of a weep sampling method with that of a carcass rinse method. For both trials, retail carcasses were purchased. Packages were opened, and 0.1-ml aliquots of weep fluid from the retail packages were plated onto Campy-cefex agar. Carcasses were removed from the package and rinsed in 100 ml of sterile water. Next, 0.1-ml aliquots of the rinsate were plated onto Campy-cefex agar and incubated. In a second experiment, samples were both directly plated and enriched in Bolton enrichment broth. In the first experiment, 35 of 60 carcass rinses tested positive for Campylobacter, while 29 of 60 weep samples yielded Campylobacter isolates with levels of 1.0 and 1.1 log CFU/ml, respectively. In the second experiment, Campylobacter was recovered from 9 of 40 rinse samples and from 13 of 40 weep samples by direct plating, while the organism was recovered from 28 of 40 rinses samples and from 23 of 40 carcass samples by enrichment. There was no significant difference between the two methods with respect to Campylobacter prevalence as determined by the chi-square test. Campylobacter levels recovered by both methods averaged 0.9 log CFU/ml. The sampling of weep fluid was a simple, effective means of detecting this important human enteropathogen on broiler carcasses. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Musgrove, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1720 EP 1723 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 719PV UT WOS:000185213000035 PM 14503734 ER PT J AU Sathivel, S Bechtel, PJ Babbitt, J Smiley, S Crapo, C Reppond, KD Prinyawiwatkul, W AF Sathivel, S Bechtel, PJ Babbitt, J Smiley, S Crapo, C Reppond, KD Prinyawiwatkul, W TI Biochemical and functional properties of herring (Clupea harengus), byproduct hydrolysates SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antioxidant activity; enzyme hydrolysates; fish byproducts; functional properties; herring ID EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; WHEY PROTEINS; PEPTIDES; CASEIN; SOLUBILITY; QUALITY; TRYPSIN AB The functional, nutritional, and antioxidative properties of hydrolyzed herring and herring byproducts (head and gonad) were evaluated. All freeze-dried herring fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) powders were light yellow and contained 77% to 87% protein. The degree of hydrolysis was 18.3%, 13%, 13%, and 10.1%, respectively, for head, whole fish, body, and gonad after 75 min digestion. All FPH powders had desirable essential amino acid profiles and mineral contents. The emulsifying capacity and stability of all FPH powders were lower than those of egg albumin and soy protein; the fat adsorption was comparable to that of egg albumin. The antioxidative activity of whole herring FPH was highest, followed by that of body, gonad, and head. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, NMFS Utilizat Res Lab, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. Univ Alaska, USDA ARS, Seafood Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Sathivel, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, NMFS Utilizat Res Lab, 118 Trident Way, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NR 33 TC 128 Z9 136 U1 1 U2 16 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 7 BP 2196 EP 2200 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb05746.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 725BY UT WOS:000185523900011 ER PT J AU Tandon, KS Baldwin, EA Scott, JW Shewfelt, RL AF Tandon, KS Baldwin, EA Scott, JW Shewfelt, RL TI Linking sensory descriptors to volatile and nonvolatile components of fresh tomato flavor SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aroma; soluble solids; sugars; titratable acidity ID LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM MILL; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; QUALITY; AROMA; CULTIVARS; PATHWAY AB Twelve tomato selections were evaluated for their flavor components using sensory and chemical/instrumental measurements. Regression analysis was performed to develop prediction models for the sensory descriptors. Significant prediction models were obtained for most descriptors. Both volatile and nonvolatile flavor components influenced the aromatic descriptors, but the volatile components provided more consistent relationships. Sucrose equivalents provided more significant correlations with descriptors than did soluble solids. Tomatoes described as full flavored by the breeder were characterized by higher sugars, soluble solids, aromatic volatile compounds, and lower amounts of organic acids than those considered to be of poorer flavor by the breeder. These data provide quantitative linkages of aromatic volatile compounds, sugars, and acids with specific flavor notes. C1 ARS, USDA, Qual Improvement Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33884 USA. Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Dept Food Sci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Bradenton, FL 34203 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Baldwin, EA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Qual Improvement Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33884 USA. NR 30 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 16 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 68 IS 7 BP 2366 EP 2371 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb05774.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 725BY UT WOS:000185523900039 ER PT J AU Rickenbach, MG Gobster, PH AF Rickenbach, MG Gobster, PH TI Stakeholders' perceptions of parcelization in Wisconsin's Northwoods SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE land use; nonindustrial private forestland; public perceptions; sustainability ID LAND-COVER AB Parcelization, the process by which relatively large forest ownerships become subdivided into smaller ones, is often related to changes in ownership and can bring changes to the use of the land. Landowners, resource professionals, and others interested in Wisconsin's Northwoods were asked their views on parcelization in a series of stakeholder forums. We analyzed their statements through the lens of forest sustainability with its ecological, economic, and social dimensions. The analysis shows how sustainability might be used to structure future research and discourse within local communities to foster fuller considerations of landscape and land use change. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Evanston, IL USA. RP Rickenbach, MG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Gobster, Paul/A-2826-2013 OI Gobster, Paul/0000-0002-8576-0310 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 11 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 101 IS 6 BP 18 EP + PG 27 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 713YH UT WOS:000184885200005 ER PT J AU Tarrant, MA Cordell, HK Green, GT AF Tarrant, MA Cordell, HK Green, GT TI PVF - A scale to measure public values of forests SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE economics; multiple use; public perception; recreation ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; ATTITUDES AB We propose a 12-point scale for measuring the relative importance of national forest resources-both economic and noneconomic-to the American public. With data from the National Survey on Recreation and the Environment, the scale supports the existence of three latent factors: protection, amenity, and outputs. The scale had moderate levels of internal reliability and demonstrated predictive validity. Consistent with previous studies of forest values, protection values were significantly higher for women, urban residents, and younger respondents. Future research should investigate the use and nonuse values of both the economic and noneconomic factors, because decisions that fail to include economic nonuse values in benefit-cost analyses may underestimate the total value of forest preservation. By understanding the forest values that people hold, forest planners and managers will be better able to design policies, reduce conflicts among stakeholders, and implement forest plans. C1 Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA USA. RP Tarrant, MA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 32 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 101 IS 6 BP 24 EP + PG 30 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 713YH UT WOS:000184885200006 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JE AF Lundquist, JE TI How, thanks to a decision support system called "profiling," a forest manager saved his forest but lost his job SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE communication; decision science; industry AB Efficient and effective forest disease management relies on good research, yet forest managers are sometimes slow at adapting and implementing research discoveries. Meaningful research on management issues relies on an understanding of the difficulties of management, yet research discoveries often are remotely applicable to day-to-day management decisions. This communications gap may constrain the science and application of forest disease management. A fictional case study examines the incongruence between a new-economy manager and an old-economy corporate office when a decision support system called "profiling" is used to solve an ecological problem in an economic context. It illustrates the risks managers take when implementing new technologies-in this case, using information technology in a forest business when a root disease limits timber production. In the story that follows, our narrator is attending a guest lecture. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Lundquist, JE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 101 IS 6 BP 44 EP + PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 713YH UT WOS:000184885200009 ER PT J AU Goebel, PC Pregitzer, KS Palik, BJ AF Goebel, PC Pregitzer, KS Palik, BJ TI Geomorphic influences on large wood dam loadings, particulate organic matter and dissolved organic carbon in an old-growth northern hardwood watershed SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEBRIS DAMS; STREAM ECOSYSTEMS; MOUNTAIN STREAM; INVERTEBRATES; DISTURBANCE; RECRUITMENT; WASHINGTON; EXPORT; BROOK AB We quantified large wood loadings and seasonal concentrations of particulate organic matter (POM) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in three different geomorphic zones (each with unique hydrogeomorphic characteristics) of a pristine, old-growth northern hardwood watershed. The highest large wood dam loadings were in the high-gradient, bedrock controlled geomorphic type characterized by a cascading and step pool stream channel (19 dams km(-1)), while the lowest loadings were in the low-gradient, bedrock controlled geomorphic type (5 dams km(-1)). POM and DOC concentrations varied seasonally and were generally significantly correlated with discharge before and following leaf-off (mid to late September). The highest concentrations of POM were in the wetland dominated, low-gradient, bedrock controlled geomorphic type (3.74 mg L-1), while the highest DOC concentrations were in the high gradient, bedrock controlled geomorphic type following leaf-off (14.55 mg L-1). Our results suggest that organic matter dynamics vary both spatially and temporally in a watershed in response to changes in hydrogeornorphic conditions, and the processing of different types of organic matter may be intimately linked, resulting in the significant differences in how organic matter is processed and utilized in stream ecosystems flowing through forested watersheds. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Sch Nat Resources, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Goebel, PC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Sch Nat Resources, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RI Goebel, Patrick/B-3657-2012 NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 18 IS 3 BP 479 EP 490 DI 10.1080/02705060.2003.9663984 PG 12 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 717YK UT WOS:000185118200017 ER PT J AU Nelson, CD Weng, C Kubisiak, TL Stine, M Brown, CL AF Nelson, CD Weng, C Kubisiak, TL Stine, M Brown, CL TI On the number of genes controlling the grass stage in longleaf pine SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE CHARACTER; RESISTANCE; GROWTH AB The grass stage is an inherent and distinctive developmental trait of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), in which height growth in the first few years after germination is suppressed. In operational forestry practice the grass stage extends for two to several years and often plays a role in planting failures and decisions to plant alternative species. Interspecies hybrids involving loblolly (P. taeda) and slash (P. elliottii var. elliottii) pines have been investigated as a means to produce planting stock with improved early height growth and to develop backcross populations for advanced generation breeding. We have reevaluated data from several interspecies populations, with the objective of estimating the number of genes contributing to the difference in first-year height growth between longleaf and loblolly pines. Estimates based on means and variances of parental and interspecies hybrid and backcross families suggest a minimum of 4 to 10 genes with standard errors less than half the estimates. These results suggest that the grass stage has evolved through the accumulation of alleles at several loci, each with small effects on various components of first-year height growth. Given the complexity of the grass-stage trait, tree breeders may need to combine genetic marker analysis with recurrent backcross breeding to efficiently develop longleaf pine planting stock for improved reforestation. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Nelson, CD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, 23332 MS Highway 67, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 94 IS 5 BP 392 EP 398 DI 10.1093/jhered/esg086 PG 7 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 733RA UT WOS:000186013400005 PM 14557392 ER PT J AU Matthews, KR AF Matthews, KR TI Response of mountain yellow-legged frogs, Rana muscosa, to short distance translocation SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CANYON-NATIONAL-PARKS; SIERRA-NEVADA; INTRODUCED FISHES; NATIVE FROG; CALIFORNIA; AMPHIBIANS; POPULATIONS; STRATEGY; REPTILES; SEQUOIA AB To determine the response of Mountain Yellow-Legged Frogs to short distance translocations, I placed transmitters on 20 adult frogs and moved them short distances from 144-630 m and monitored their responses for up to 30 days. Of the 20 translocated frogs, seven frogs returned to their original capture site, four frogs moved in the direction of their capture site but had not returned by the end of the study, and nine frogs did not return and were found at the translocation site. Apparently, displacing frogs was stressful, and translocated frogs lost body mass during the study period. Eighteen translocated frogs that were weighed at the beginning and end of the study lost body mass (mean loss was -1.2 g) compared to a group of 18 randomly selected PIT tagged frogs also weighed during the same tracking period (mean gain in body mass = 2.5 g) at our Kings Canyon study site. Translocation of adult Rana muscosa as a conservation toot may not be effective because some would simply attempt to return to their original capture site, and their homing may be stressful to an already declining frog population. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Matthews, KR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, POB 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RI Matthews, Kathleen/G-8773-2012 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 16 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 621 EP 626 DI 10.1670/3-03AN PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 731UY UT WOS:000185905900029 ER PT J AU Clemmens, AJ Strelkoff, TS Replogle, JA AF Clemmens, AJ Strelkoff, TS Replogle, JA TI Calibration of submerged radial gates SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID PLANAR SLUICE GATES; IRROTATIONAL FLOW; HYDRAULIC JUMP AB Calibration equations for free-flowing radial gates typically provide sufficient accuracy for irrigation district operations. However, many water purveyors have difficulty in determining accurate discharges when the downstream water level begins to submerge the gate. Based on experimental laboratory studies, we have developed a new calibration method for free-flowing and submerged radial gates that allows for multiple gates and widely varying upstream and downstream channel conditions. The method uses the energy equation on the upstream side of the structure and the momentum equation on the downstream side, and thus is called the Energy-Momentum Method. An iterative solution is required to solve these two equations, but this allows calibration from free flow to submerged flow continuously through the transition. Adjustments to the energy equation for free flow are described, along with an additional energy adjustment for the transition to submerged flow. An application is used to describe the new procedure and how it overcomes the limitations of current energy-based methods. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Clemmens, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 2003 VL 129 IS 9 BP 680 EP 687 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2003)129:9(680) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 712DW UT WOS:000184782800004 ER PT J AU Olson, DM Hodges, TA Lewis, WJ AF Olson, DM Hodges, TA Lewis, WJ TI Foraging efficacy of a larval parasitoid in a cotton patch: Influence of chemical cues and learning SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE foraging efficacy; Microplitis croceipes; chemical cues; learning ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES CRESSON; HYMENOPTERA-BRACONIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE; EGG DISTRIBUTION; NATURAL ENEMIES; PLANTS; DISCRIMINATION; BEHAVIOR; LOCATION AB Plant-herbivore chemical signals and behavioral plasticity may enhance parasitoid host-foraging efficacy in the field; however, no studies have quantified the potential benefits from these factors under field-type conditions. The effect of plant-herbivore signals and learning on the foraging efficacy of Microplitis croceipes was quantified by directly observing and recording total and sequential duration of various foraging behaviors relative to 5 randomly placed herbivore-damaged and host-infested cotton plants and 20 undamaged and non-host-infested plants. Microplitis croceipes spent significantly more time searching (flying and antennation) on host infested versus uninfested plants. Antennation time was significantly and negatively correlated with successive host stings. Contrary to expectations of increased duration, flight time remained constant throughout the foraging bout, which may indicate that there was some learning associated with flight. These results suggest that plantherbivore chemical signals and learning enhances the foraging efficacy of M. croceipes. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30458 USA. RP Lewis, WJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CPMRU, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 16 IS 5 BP 613 EP 624 DI 10.1023/B:JOIR.0000007699.31659.14 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 752QT UT WOS:000187179200002 ER PT J AU Reyes-Villanueva, F Becnel, JJ Butler, JF AF Reyes-Villanueva, F Becnel, JJ Butler, JF TI Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus larvae to Ascogregarina culicis and Ascogregarina taiwanensis (Apicomplexa : Lecudinidae) from Florida SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apicomplexa; gregarine; Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; Ascogregarina culicis; Ascogregarina taiwanensis; strain; infection intensity; gamont ID LANKESTERIA-CULICIS; DIPTERA; MOSQUITOS; PATHOGENICITY; ROSS AB The susceptibility of Aedes aegypti to Ascogregarina culicis and Aedes albopictus to Ascogregurina taiwanensis was examined with mosquito and parasite strains from Tampa, FL. When each host was bioassayed with its natural gregarine, the infection intensity indicated that Ae. aegypti was 59% more susceptible to A. culicis (87 gamonts/larva) than Ae. albopictus to A. talwanensis (47 gamonts/larva). Infections in single and mixed host populations exposed to 100 oocysts/larva of one and both parasites demonstrated that Ae. aegypti harbors higher A. culicis gamont loads than Ae. albopictus of A. taiwanensis. In dual gregarine exposures of single host populations, the A. culicis infection intensity in Ae. aegypti was reduced by similar to50%. A. tahvanensis exhibited the same capability of infecting Ae. albopictus in single and dual exposures. In mixed host populations there were no cross infections, but A. talwanensis in Ae. albopictus produced an infection intensity of similar to70% lower than that of A. culicis in Ae. aegypti. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Secc Patol Vectores, Lab Entomol Med, San Nicolas de los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Reyes-Villanueva, F (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Secc Patol Vectores, Lab Entomol Med, Apdo Postal 109-F, San Nicolas de los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 84 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1016/S0022-2011(03)00119-8 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 726PD UT WOS:000185607300007 PM 13678712 ER PT J AU Hay-Roe, MM Boucias, DG Shapiro, AM Becriel, JJ AF Hay-Roe, MM Boucias, DG Shapiro, AM Becriel, JJ TI A newly discovered baculovirus induces reflex bleeding in the butterfly Heliconius himera (Nymphalidae : Heliconiinae) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Boucias, DG (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 84 IS 1 BP 59 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0022-2011(03)00105-8 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 726PD UT WOS:000185607300009 PM 13678714 ER PT J AU Boyko, WJ Dudley, RL Kemmerer, GF Leffler, AJ AF Boyko, WJ Dudley, RL Kemmerer, GF Leffler, AJ TI F-19 spectroscopy and relaxation behavior of trifluorovinyldichloroborane SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article AB The F-19 NMR spectra and spin-lattice relaxation rate, R-1, of trifluorovinylclichloroborane as shown in Fig. 2 were studied as a function of temperature, T, and magnetic field, B. All logR(1) vs 1/T plots show a minimum at 299 K indicating the presence if dipolar relaxation at lower T and spin-rotation relaxation at higher T. The R-1 values increase with increasing B due to chemical shift anisotropy relaxation. Estimates of the fluorine chemical shift values for F-3 (cf. Fig. 1) suggest that there is pi character in the F-C bond. The other two C-F bonds are largely single bonded. No evidence was found for intermolecular exchange of the trifluorovinyl group. Two of the three fluorine atoms show large increases in their NMR linewidth with increasing temperature while the third shows only a small increase but the activation energy for the process is the same for all. The increase in linewidths is due to scalar coupling to the boron atoms. The boron linewidths were measured between 253 and 363 K and decreased with increasing temperature. A plot of log R-2, where R is the linewidth of the boron as a function of I IT shows some curvature indicating a second relaxation mechanism. This is ascribed to spin-rotation but not enough data are available to be conclusive. In all cases there is a second small set of fluorine peaks that are due to B-10 interactions separated from the B-11 peaks by amounts varying from 1 to 4 ppm depending on the field and fluorine atom. ((C)) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Phys, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Villanova Univ, Dept Chem, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. RP Leffler, AJ (reprint author), Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Phys, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 164 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S1090-7807(03)00204-0 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 717NC UT WOS:000185095200009 PM 12932457 ER PT J AU Bernier, UR Kline, DL Posey, KH Booth, MM Yost, RA Barnard, DR AF Bernier, UR Kline, DL Posey, KH Booth, MM Yost, RA Barnard, DR TI Synergistic attraction of Aedes aegypti (L.) to binary blends of L-lactic acid and acetone, dichloromethane, or dimethyl disulfide SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE kairomones; behavioral bioassay; mosquito attractants ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSION; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; FEMALE MOSQUITOS; HUMAN-SKIN; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; 1-OCTEN-3-OL; EMANATIONS; BEHAVIOR; FLIGHT AB Kairomones produced by humans provide female anthropophilic mosquitoes with vital cues used in host-seeking for a blood meal. These chemicals are emanated primarily by the skin and provide the mosquitoes a means to orient themselves to humans at a relatively close range. Chemical studies of these emanations have provided new ideas for the formulation of attractant blends. We report mosquito attraction responses for three binary blends and their separate components. The blends are comprised of L-lactic acid plus either acetone, dichloromethane, or dimethyl disulfide. At the emission rates used in our bioassays, these blends synergistically attract laboratory-reared female Aedes aegypti. Carbon dioxide is not a necessary component to yield high levels of attraction with these blends. It is postulated that at least one of these synergistic blends (L-lactic acid and acetone) produces mosquito attraction behavior similar to L-lactic acid and CO2. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Chem Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Bernier, UR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 27 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 40 IS 5 BP 653 EP 656 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-40.5.653 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 726NE UT WOS:000185604800008 PM 14596278 ER PT J AU Seery, DB Biggins, DE Montenieri, JA Enscore, RE Tanda, DT Gage, KL AF Seery, DB Biggins, DE Montenieri, JA Enscore, RE Tanda, DT Gage, KL TI Treatment of black-tailed prairie dog burrows with deltamethrin to control fleas (Insecta : Siphonaptera) and plague SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Deltadust; prairie dogs; insecticide; fleas; plague; epizootic ID VECTOR; DUST AB Burrows within black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies on the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge, Colorado, were dusted with deltamethrin insecticide to reduce flea (Insecta: Siphonaptera) abundance. Flea populations were monitored pre- and posttreatment by combing prairie dogs and collecting fleas from burrows. A single application of deltamethrin significantly reduced populations of the plague vector Oropsylla hirsuta, and other flea species on prairie dogs and in prairie dog burrows for at least 84 d. A plague epizootic on the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge caused high mortality of prairie dogs on some untreated colonies, but did not appear to affect nearby colonies dusted with deltamethrin. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Rocky Mt Arsenal Natl Wildlife Refuge, Commerce City, CO 80022 USA. RP Seery, DB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Carson Natl Forest, Bloomfield, NM 87413 USA. NR 16 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 16 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 40 IS 5 BP 718 EP 722 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-40.5.718 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 726NE UT WOS:000185604800018 PM 14596288 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF AF Carroll, JF TI A cautionary note: Survival of nymphs of two species of ticks (Acari : Ixodidae) among clothes laundered in an automatic washer SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blacklegged tick; Ixodes scapularis; lone star tick; Amblyomma americanum AB Host-seeking ticks often remain on clothing of persons returning home from work or recreation in tick habitats, and can pose at least a temporary risk to people and pets in these homes. Laundering clothing has been one of the recommendations to reduce tick exposure. Host-seeking lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.), and blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, nymphs confined in polyester mesh packets, were included with laundry in cold, warm, and hot wash cycles of an automatic clothes washer. Ticks were also placed with washed clothing and subjected to drying in an automatic clothes dryer set on high heat and on air only (unheated). Most nymphs (greater than or equal to90%) of both species survived the cold and warm washes, and 95% of A. americanum nymphs survived the hot wash. At the time of their removal from the washer, I. scapularis nymphs were clearly affected by the hot wash, but 65% were considered alive 20-24 h later. Large percentages of nymphs of both species survived hot washes in which two other detergents (a powder containing a nonchlorine bleach and a liquid) were used. All ticks were killed by the 1 h cycle at high heat in the clothes dryer, but with unheated air some nymphs of both species survived the 1 h cycle in the dryer. Given the laundering recommendations of clothing manufacturers and variation in the use automatic clothes washers, laundry washed in automatic washers should not be considered free of living ticks. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Carroll, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 40 IS 5 BP 732 EP 736 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-40.5.732 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 726NE UT WOS:000185604800020 PM 14596290 ER PT J AU Li, C Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT AF Li, C Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT TI Thiersindoles A-C: New indole diterpenoids from Penicillium thiersii SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID FUNGICOLOUS PENICILLIUM; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; SCLEROTIA; ANTIINSECTAN; TERPENOIDS; ANALOGS AB Three new 3-substituted indole diterpenoids (thiersindoles A-C; 1-3) have been isolated from organic extracts of a new Penicillium species (P. thiersii). Their structures, including absolute stereochemistry, were determined by analysis of NMR data and application of Mosher's method. Thiersindoles A-C are biogenetically related to the aflavinines, although the [6,6,5] tricyclic diterpenoid skeleton in compounds 1 and 2 is unprecedented in any of the known members of this class. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Agr Res Serv, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gloer, JB (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM james-gloer@uiowa.edu NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1232 EP 1235 DI 10.1021/np030192m PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 726QA UT WOS:000185609400019 PM 14510604 ER PT J AU Angawi, RF Swenson, DC Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT AF Angawi, RF Swenson, DC Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT TI Lowdenic acid: A new antifungal polyketide-derived metabolite from a new fungicolous Verticillium sp. SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID BIOSYNTHESIS; MYCOPARASITE; CANESCIN AB Lowdenic acid (1), a new antifungal metabolite with an unusual structure and a mixed biogenetic origin, has been obtained from nonsporulating cultures of a previously undescribed Verticillium sp. (MYC-406 = NRRL 29280) that was isolated as a colonist of polypore basidiomata. The gross structure of 1 was proposed by analysis of NMR data and confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, which enabled assignment of relative stereochemistry. Compound 1 occurs as an equilibrium E/Z mixture. The known antifungal metabolite canescin A (2) was also isolated. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gloer, JB (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM james-gloer@uiowa.edu NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 66 IS 9 BP 1259 EP 1262 DI 10.1021/np0301285 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 726QA UT WOS:000185609400027 PM 14510612 ER PT J AU Matthews, BF MacDonald, MH Thai, VK Tucker, ML AF Matthews, BF MacDonald, MH Thai, VK Tucker, ML TI Molecular characterization of arginine kinases in the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arginine kinase; gene expression; Glycine max; Heterodera glycines; soybean; soybean cyst nematode ID PHOSPHAGEN KINASE; CREATINE-KINASE; MUSCLE; EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; DROSOPHILA; TOBACCO; GENE AB Arginine kinase (AK) is a phosphagen kinase that plays a key role in energy mobilization in invertebrates. Alignment of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines) produced two separate contiguous sequences (contigs) and three singletons encoding peptides with high similarity to AKs. One contig, Hg-AK1, had 244 ESTs in the alignment whereas the other, Hg-AK2, had only three; nonetheless, the consensus sequence for Hg-AK1 was Missing much of the 5' end. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to prepare clones that were then sequenced to obtain full-length sequences for both Hg-AK1 and Hg-AK2. Hg-AK1 has an open reading frame of 1080 nucleotides (nt) encoding a protein of 360 amino acids (aa) with a predicted molecular weight of 40 kDa. The open reading frame for Hg-AK2 is 1221 in, 407 aa, and 46 kDa with a 71% aa identity with Hg-AK1. Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) indicated that HgAK1 and Hg-AK2 are expressed constiutively throughout the SCN life cycle. Phylogenetic analysis of peptide sequences for near full-length nematode contigs and other AKs in the Swisspro database indicates that the nematode AKs evolved from a single gene after divergence of insects and nematodes. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Matthews, BF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 35 IS 3 BP 252 EP 258 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 740LT UT WOS:000186404400003 PM 19262758 ER PT J AU Hintze, KJ Wald, KA Zeng, HW Jeffery, EH Finley, JW AF Hintze, KJ Wald, KA Zeng, HW Jeffery, EH Finley, JW TI Thioredoxin reductase in human hepatoma cells is transcriptionally regulated by sulforaphane and other electrophiles via an antioxidant response element SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE thioredoxin reductase; antioxidant response element; selenium; sulforaphane ID RAT-LIVER; SELENIUM DEFICIENCY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; ACTIVATION; MICROARRAY; INDUCTION AB We previously reported the in vitro and in vivo induction of thioredoxin reductase (TR) by sulforaphane (SF) purified from broccoli. The present study was designed to determine whether this induction is mediated by putative antioxidant response elements (ARE) found in the promoter. Luciferase reporter constructs were built using the TR promoter sequence. Sulforaphane, tert-butylhydroquinone and beta-napthoflavone, as well as the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), increased luciferase activity in HepG2 cells transfected with the reporter construct (P < 0.0001). Quinone reductase (QR) is an enzyme with a well-characterized ARE, and QR reporter constructs built as positive controls showed similar patterns of induction. Mutation of the core sequence of a putative ARE in the TR promoter drastically decreased inducibility by SF, but mutations in nonconsensus areas of the ARE and outside of the ARE did not affect inducibility. Results from electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis corroborated mutated reporter gene findings. Induction by TPA was not affected by mutation of the putative ARE. Se plus SF, and SF alone were equally effective for induction of TR reporter luciferase activity (P < 0.0001); Se alone had no effect. Se and SF independently increased TR activity (P < 0.0001) and when combined, increased TR activity synergistically (P = 0.036). These data suggest that TR is transcriptionally regulated by electrophilic compounds via an ARE in the 5' region of the gene, and that this mechanism is unrelated to the established Se-dependent induction of selenoproteins. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RI Hintze, Korry/A-7079-2008; Hintze, Korry/E-4619-2011; OI Hintze, Korry/0000-0003-0135-0478 NR 28 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 133 IS 9 BP 2721 EP 2727 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 720KC UT WOS:000185259100006 PM 12949356 ER PT J AU Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Orellana, RA Bush, JA Davis, TA AF Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Orellana, RA Bush, JA Davis, TA TI Insulin/insulin-like growth factor-I hybrid receptor abundance decreases with development in suckling pigs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE neonate; insulin signaling; protein synthesis; muscle; growth ID INSULIN-RECEPTOR; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; IGF-I; NEONATAL PIGS; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; TRANSLATION INITIATION; RESISTANCE; PHOSPHORYLATION; HETEROGENEITY AB The activation of the insulin signaling pathway that leads to translation initiation is enhanced in skeletal muscle of neonates, and decreases with development in parallel with the developmental decline in muscle protein synthesis. Because the elevated expression of insulin receptor (IR)/insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) hybrids has been associated with insulin resistance in some studies, we hypothesized that IR/IGF-IR hybrid abundance and binding affinity increase with development. To test this hypothesis, we determined the abundances and binding affinities of the IR, IGF-IR and hybrid receptor in skeletal muscle of 7- and 26-d-old pigs. We found that the abundances of IR, IGF-IR and hybrid receptor were higher in muscle of 7- than 26-d-old pigs. However, the relative proportions of hybrid receptor abundance compared with IR abundance and IGF-IR abundance were similar at both ages. The binding affinities of the IR, IGF-IR and hybrid receptor also were similar at both ages. Overall, the results suggest that insulin/IGF-I hybrid receptor abundance and binding affinity do not contribute to the developmental decline in the activation of the insulin signaling pathway. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474, R01-AR-44474] NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 133 IS 9 BP 2783 EP 2787 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 720KC UT WOS:000185259100015 PM 12949365 ER PT J AU Finley, JW Penland, JG Pettit, RE Davis, CD AF Finley, JW Penland, JG Pettit, RE Davis, CD TI Dietary manganese intake and type of lipid do not affect clinical or neuropsychological measures in healthy young women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE manganese; fat; humans; toxicity; neurological ID IRON-ABSORPTION; TRACE-ELEMENTS; BASAL GANGLIA; NONHEME IRON; RETENTION; RATS; CHOLESTEROL; BEHAVIOR; FAT; ENCEPHALOPATHY AB Because manganese (Mn) is potentially toxic, and because dietary fat type may affect Mn absorption, the objectives of the current study were to determine whether diets containing very low or very high amounts of Mn and enriched in either saturated or unsaturated fats affected measures of neuropsychological and basic metabolic function. Healthy young women were fed for 8 wk each, in a crossover design, diets that provided 0.8 or 20 mg of Mn/d. One half of the subjects received 15% of energy as cocoa butter, and one half received 15% of energy as corn oil. A meal containing Mn-54 was fed after 4 wk, and subjects underwent whole-body counting for the next 21 d. Blood draws and neuropsychological tests were administered at regular intervals during the dietary periods. When subjects consumed the diets low in Mn, compared with the high Mn diets, they absorbed a significantly higher percentage of Mn-54, but had a significantly longer biological half-life of the absorbed Mn-54. Manganese intake did not affect any neurological measures and only minimally affected psychologic variables. These data show that efficient mechanisms operate to maintain Mn homeostasis over the range of intakes that may be encountered in a mixed Western diet. Thus, dietary intakes of Mn from 0.8 to 20 mg for 8 wk likely do not result in Mn deficiency or toxicity signs in healthy adults. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Red River Neurol Clin, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 133 IS 9 BP 2849 EP 2856 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 720KC UT WOS:000185259100026 PM 12949376 ER PT J AU Davis, CD Uthus, EO AF Davis, CD Uthus, EO TI Dietary folate and selenium affect dimethylhydrazine-induced aberrant crypt formation, global DNA methylation and one-carbon metabolism in rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE selenium; folate; rats; DNA methylation; one-carbon metabolism ID NESTED CASE-CONTROL; COLON-CANCER; S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; COLORECTAL-CANCER; TUMOR NUMBERS; MIN MICE; IN-VIVO; METHIONINE; HYPOMETHYLATION AB Several observations suggest a role for DNA methylation in cancer pathogenesis. Although both selenium and folate deficiency have been shown to cause global DNA hypomethylation and increased cancer susceptibility, the nutrients have different effects on one-carbon metabolism. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of dietary selenium and folate. Weanling, Fischer-344 rats (n = 23/diet) were fed diets containing 0 or 2.0 mg selenium (as selenite)/kg and 0 or 2.0 mg folate/kg in a 2 X 2 factorial design. After 3 and 4 wk of a 12-wk experiment, 19 rats/diet were injected intraperitoneally with dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 25 mg/kg) and 4 rats/diet were administered saline. Selenium deficiency decreased (P < 0.05) colonic DNA methylation and the activities of liver DNA methyltransferase and betaine homocysteine methyltransferase and increased plasma glutathione concentrations. Folate deficiency increased (P < 0.05) the number of aberrant crypts per aberrant crypt foci, the concentration of colonic S-adenosylhomocysteine and the activity of liver cystathionine synthase. Selenium and folate interacted (P < 0.0001) to influence one-carbon metabolism and cancer susceptibility such that the number of aberrant crypts and the concentrations of plasma homocysteine and liver S-adenosylhomocysteine were the highest and the concentrations of plasma folate and liver S-adenosylmethionine and the activity of liver methionine synthase were the lowest in rats fed folate-deficient diets and supplemental selenium. These results suggest that selenium deprivation ameliorates some of the effects of folate deficiency, probably by shunting the buildup of homocysteine (as a result of folate deficiency) to glutathione. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Davis, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 52 TC 89 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 133 IS 9 BP 2907 EP 2914 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 720KC UT WOS:000185259100036 PM 12949386 ER PT J AU Russell, RM Ross, AC Trumbo, PR West, KP AF Russell, RM Ross, AC Trumbo, PR West, KP TI Retinol equivalency ratio of beta-carotene SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Letter C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst Med, Food & Nutr Board, Washington, DC 20001 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Russell, RM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 133 IS 9 BP 2915 EP 2916 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 720KC UT WOS:000185259100037 PM 12949387 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA Atkinson, SA AF Abrams, SA Atkinson, SA TI Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and vitamin D fortification of complementary foods SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nutrient Composition for Fortified Complementary Foods CY OCT 04-05, 2001 CL PAN AMER HLTH ORG, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP WHO HO PAN AMER HLTH ORG DE human nutrition; bone mineral metabolism; rickets; mineral fortification of foods; iron; zinc; infants; young children ID FULL-TERM INFANTS; IRON-ABSORPTION; VILLAGE POPULATIONS; BODY-COMPOSITION; ZINC-ABSORPTION; CHILDREN; RICKETS; MILK; DEFICIENCY; MEXICO AB Provision of the bone minerals and vitamin D as fortificants in food or as dietary supplements designed for older infants and toddlers in Latin America is likely to be beneficial and safe. Currently available data are inadequate to establish the precise amounts of these nutrients that would be required for such a supplement. These amounts would vary according to the local base diet. However, reasonable estimates can be made on the basis of current dietary recommendations as well as existing data on bioavailability and customary intake. The strongest case can be made for calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Because excessive dietary calcium can reduce zinc absorption as a result of interactive effects within the intestine, an appropriate ratio of calcium to zinc should be used, even if this means adding zinc as a fortificant or supplement. Magnesium supplementation may be appropriate in some circumstances but it cannot be routinely advocated at present. It is unlikely that phosphorus supplementation is needed for most population groups because of the relatively high usual dietary phosphorus intakes, primarily from phosphate salts added to carbonated beverages and as food preservatives. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Pediat, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 133 IS 9 BP 2994S EP 2999S PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 720KC UT WOS:000185259100050 PM 12949399 ER PT J AU Ferreira, ALD Yeum, KJ Russell, RM Krinsky, NI Tang, GW AF Ferreira, ALD Yeum, KJ Russell, RM Krinsky, NI Tang, GW TI Enzymatic and oxidative metabolites of lycopene SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE lycopene; rat; metabolites; oxidation; cleavage; enzyme ID CELL-CYCLE PROGRESSION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-CAROTENE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; PROSTATE-CANCER; TOMATO JUICE; RETINOL; ACID; INHIBITION; INDUCTION AB Using the post-mitochondrial fraction of rat intestinal mucosa, we have investigated lycopene metabolism. The incubation media was composed of NAD(+), KCl, and DTT with or without added lipoxygenase. The addition of lipoxygenase into the incubation significantly increased the production of lycopene metabolites. The enzymatic incubation products of H-2(10) lycopene were separated using high performance liquid chromatography and analyzed by UV/Vis spectrophotometer and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectroscopy. We have identified two types of products: cleavage products and oxidation products. The cleavage products are likely: (1) 3-keto-apo-13-lycopenone (C18H24O2 or 6,10,14-trimethyl-12-one-3,5,7,9,13-pentadecapentaen-2-one) with lambdamax = 365 nm and m/z = 272 and (2) 3,4-dehydro-5,6-dihydro-15,15'-apo-lycopenaI (C20H28O or 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8,12,14-hexadecahexaen-l-al) with lambdamax = 380 nm and m/z = 284. The oxidative metabolites are likely: (3) 2-apo-5,8-lycopenal-furanoxide (C37H50O) with lambdamax = 415 nm, 435 nm, and 470 nm, and m/z = 510; (4) lycopene-5, 6, 5', 6'-diepoxide (C40H56O2) with lambdamax = 415nm, 440 nm, and 470 nm, and m/z = 568: (5) lycopene-5,8-furanoxide isomer (I) (C40H56O) with lambdamax = 410 nm, 440nm, and 470 nm, and m/z = 552; (6) lycopene-5.8-epoxide isomer (II) (C40H56O) with lambdamax = 410, 440, 470 nm, and m/z = 552; and (7) 3-keto-lycopeile-5',8'-furanoxide (C40H56O2) with lambdamax = 400 nm, 420 nm, and 450 nm, and m/z = 566. These results demonstrate that both central and excentric cleavage of lycopene occurs in the rat intestinal mucosa in the presence of soy lipoxygenase. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Med Botucatu, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tang, GW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 14 IS 9 BP 531 EP 540 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(03)00107-4 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 732DE UT WOS:000185924900005 PM 14505815 ER PT J AU Gallagher, PW Shapouri, H Price, J Schamel, G Brubaker, H AF Gallagher, PW Shapouri, H Price, J Schamel, G Brubaker, H TI Some long-run effects of growing markets and renewable fuel standards on additives markets and the US ethanol industry SO JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING LA English DT Article DE gasoline and additives market; biofuels; ethanol; MTBE ban; renewable fuel standard; oxygen standard ID COMPETITION; TECHNOLOGY; REFINERS; COMPLEX AB The effects of likely regulatory and policy changes in the US gasoline and additives market are compared to a reference baseline. The baseline reflects existing EPA policies about fuel quality regulation and likely petroleum and gasoline expansions. The market and welfare effects are presented for implementing a renewable fuel standard; imposing a national ban on the additive MTBE; and removing the oxygen standard for reformulated fuel. Market and welfare estimates are based on adjusting product market demands and factor supplies. Product market and price analyses include quality-differentiated products, such as refinery gasoline, chemical additives and ethanol at the wholesale level; and gasoline grades in conventional, reformulated and oxygenated markets at the ratail level. Factor market analyses include supplies for petroleum, natural gas byproducts, and corn. The analysis includes the welfare cost of fuel to consumers and income in agriculture and the petroleum sector. (C) 2003 Society for Policy Modeling. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, Off Energy Policy & New Users, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Virginia Dept Transport, Management Serv Div, Richmond, VI USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Agr Policy & Dev, Berlin, Germany. RP Gallagher, PW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, 481 Heady Hall, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RI Schamel, Guenter/J-1735-2012; OI SCHAMEL, Guenter/0000-0003-0481-432X NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-8938 J9 J POLICY MODEL JI J. Policy Model. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 25 IS 6-7 BP 585 EP 608 DI 10.1016/S0161-8938(03)00055-3 PG 24 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 743MW UT WOS:000186577100004 ER PT J AU Wallace, OC Qi, JG Heilma, P Marsett, RC AF Wallace, OC Qi, JG Heilma, P Marsett, RC TI Remote sensing for cover change assessment in southeast Arizona SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE land conversion; landscape indices; fire suppression; rangeland maintenance; semi-arid; grasslands ID VEGETATION AB Understanding landscape conversion is vital for assessing the impacts of ecological and anthropogenic disturbances at regional and global scales. Since rangelands cover nearly half of the global land surface, and because a large part of rangelands is located in semi-arid ecosystems, they serve as critical land cover types for determining regional biodiversity, global biogeochemical cycles, and energy and gas fluxes. For such vast ecosystems, satellite imagery is often used to inventory biophysical materials and man-made features on Earth's surface. The large area coverage and frequent acquisition cycle of remotely sensed satellite images make earth observation data useful for monitoring land conversion rates at different spatial scales. Remote sensing could also be used for temporal assessment of semi-arid ecosystems by providing complimentary sets of rangeland health indicators. In this paper, temporal satellite data from multiple sensors were examined to quantify land use and land cover change, and to relate spatial configuration and composition to landscape structure and pattern. The findings were correlated with the role of fire to better understand ecological functionality and human and/or natural activities that are generating environmental stressors in a rapidly developing, semi-urban census division located in southeastern Arizona. Results indicate that conversion of a fire-suppressed native grassland area has 2 spatial components; in the rural areas, grass is being eliminated by increasingly homogeneous shrub and mesquite-dominated areas, whereas in the urban and suburban areas, grass as well shrubs and mesquite are being eliminated by a fragmented and expanding built landscape. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, CGCEO, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Wallace, OC (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, CGCEO, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 56 IS 5 BP 402 EP 409 DI 10.2307/4003829 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724AD UT WOS:000185463200001 ER PT J AU Kirby, DR Lym, RG Sterling, JJ Sieg, CH AF Kirby, DR Lym, RG Sterling, JJ Sieg, CH TI Observation: Leafy spurge control in western prairie fringed orchid habitat SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE invasive species; herbicides; range improvement; soil seedbank ID EUPHORBIA-ESULA CONTROL; GLYPHOSATE AB The western prairie fringed orchid (Platanthera praeclara Sheviak and Bowles) is a threatened species of the tallgrass prairie. Invasion by leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is a serious threat to western prairie fringed orchid habitat. The objectives of this study were to develop a herbicide treatment to control leafy spurge while sustaining western prairie fringed orchid populations and to evaluate the soil seedbank composition of leafy spurge-infested sites to guide long-term management strategies. Quinclorac (3,7-dichloro-8-quinolinecarboxylic acid), imazapic {(+/-)-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2=yl]-5-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid}, and glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] plus 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) were applied in the fall for 2 consecutive years, and changes in leafy spurge cover, density, yield, and herbaceous yield were assessed. In a separate study, quinclorac, imazapic, and glyphosate plus 2,4-D were each fall-applied to 12 western prairie fringed orchids and assessed for reoccurrence and density of orchids 1-year after treatment. Quinclorac and imazapic, but not glyphosate plus 2,4-D, reduced leafy spurge cover, density, and yield without causing deleterious effects to associated native herbaceous cover and yields. Western prairie fringed orchid reoccurrence and density were unaffected by any herbicide 1 year after treatment. Soil cores were removed in spring and fall following the first year herbicide treatment, washed and placed in trays. Seedlings were allowed to germinate for 16 weeks in the greenhouse. Over 50 plant species were identified in the soil seedbank, of which approximately 60% were early seral species indicative of disturbance. Given the dominance of leafy spurge in the seed bank, a long-term management program to control this noxious species is warranted. Although these results are promising, longer-term studies need be conducted to ensure that repeated herbicide treatments do not harm the western prairie fringed orchid. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Kirby, DR (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 56 IS 5 BP 466 EP 473 DI 10.2307/4003838 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724AD UT WOS:000185463200010 ER PT J AU Jones, TA Nielson, DC Arredondo, JT Redinbaugh, MG AF Jones, TA Nielson, DC Arredondo, JT Redinbaugh, MG TI Characterization of diversity among 3 squirreltail taxa SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Elymus elymoides; genetic variation; plant autecology; Sitanion hystrix ID NITRATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; TRITICEAE; CRITERION; MAIZE; YIELD AB Squirreltail (Elymus elymoides, E. multisetus) is a complex of 5 taxa whose systematic interrelationships are uncertain. Our objectives were to determine whether the 3 taxa studied here, Elymus elymoides ssp. elymoides, E. elymoides ssp. brevifolius, and E. multisetus, can be distinguished by several ecological and physiological traits and whether geographical origin is correlated with these traits across accessions within taxa. A multivariate principal component analysis of materials collected in the 10 contiguous western states successfully distinguished taxa, but no pair of the 3 taxa appeared to be more ecologically similar than any other pair. Elymus elymoides ssp. elymoides, which prevails in the semi-arid cold desert, was shortest and exhibited the lowest total plant dry-matter, earliest phenology, and lowest seed mass. Elymus elymoides ssp. brevifolius, which prevails in the Rocky Mountains, exhibited slowest emergence, highest specific root length, lowest nitrate reductase activity, and lowest root-to-shoot ratio. Elymus multisetus, which is most common in areas with relatively warm springs, exhibited fastest emergence (particularly from deep seeding), greatest root length, and greatest root-to-shoot ratio. Elymus elymoides ssp. brevifolius accessions clustered into 3 groups: late-maturing high-seed mass accessions originating in Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona (Group A), early-maturing low-seed mass accessions originating in Colorado and Utah (Group B), and intermediate-maturing low-seed mass accessions originating in the Snake River Plain of southern Idaho (Group C). The ecologically distinct subspecies and groups within ssp. brevifolius are indicative of the highly ecotypic nature of the squirreltails, suggesting that restoration practitioners should match site with genetically and ecologically appropriate plant material for these species. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. IPICYT, Dept Ingn Ambinetal & Manejo Recursos Nat, SLP 78210, Mexico. USDA ARS, Ohio Agr & Res Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RI Arredondo Moreno, Jose /A-9972-2015; Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 OI Arredondo Moreno, Jose /0000-0003-1969-9942; NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 56 IS 5 BP 474 EP 482 DI 10.2307/4003839 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724AD UT WOS:000185463200011 ER PT J AU Young, JA Clements, CD AF Young, JA Clements, CD TI Seed germination of willow species from a desert riparian ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Salix exigua; S. lutea; coyote and tree willow; incubation temperatures; seedbed temperatures AB The restoration of riverine riparian areas following mechanical, herbicidal, or biological control of the invasive species tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.) is a major issue in the western United States. Recruitment of seedlings of native woody species is necessary in these restoration efforts. Species of willow (Salix) are often considered essential in these efforts. We studied the germination of seeds of tree willow (Salix lutea Nutt.) and coyote willow (S. exigua Nutt.) at a wide range of constant or alternating incubation temperatures. Seeds were collected from native stands in the delta of the Walker River in western Nevada over a 3 year period. Seed germination was very similar for both species. On 2 of the 3 years of testing the seeds had 100% germination at some incubation temperatures and some germination over almost all of the 55 temperature regimes used in the experiments. A late frost in May of 2000 markedly reduced total germination of both species, but did not greatly restrict the temperature regimes where some germination occurred. Optimum germination, defined as that not lower than the maximum observed minus one half the confidence interval at the 0.01 level of probability, occurred over a very wide range of temperatures, but for tree willow only the temperature regimes 15/25 (15degrees C for 12 hours and 25degrees C for 8 hours in each 24 hour period) and 15/30degrees C always supported optimum germination. No temperature regime always supported optimum germination of coyote willow seeds, but the most frequent optima tended to be at lower temperatures than for tree willow. Because of the similarity in germination responses and overlapping phenology, seeds of these 2 species probably compete for germination safesites. C1 USDA ARS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Young, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 56 IS 5 BP 496 EP 500 DI 10.2307/4003842 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724AD UT WOS:000185463200014 ER PT J AU Johnson, DA Saliendra, NZ Walker, JW Hendrickson, JR AF Johnson, DA Saliendra, NZ Walker, JW Hendrickson, JR TI Bowen ratio versus canopy chamber CO2 fluxes on sagebrush rangeland SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Artemisia spp.; carbon dioxide fluxes; CO2 exchange; Bowen ratio; canopy chambers; closed chambers; micrometeorology; rangeland ID CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; ECOSYSTEMS; PRAIRIE; SOIL; GRASSLAND; EXCHANGE; BUDGET AB Because of their expansiveness, sagebrush (Artemisia spp.)steppe rangelands could contribute significantly to the global carbon budget. However, it is important to determine if there are differences between methods for determining CO2 fluxes on these rangelands. The objective of this study was to compare the Bowen ratio-energy balance and canopy chamber techniques for measuring CO2 fluxes in a sagebrush-steppe ecosystem. A Bowen ratio-energy balance system was installed at a sagebrush-steppe site near Dubois, Ida., U.S.A to continuously measure the vertical gradients of air temperature, water vapor, and CO2 concentration in conjunction with associated micrometeorological characteristics. The canopy chamber technique, which employed a 1-m(2) (1,020 liter) clear plexiglass/plastic film chamber in combination with a portable gas exchange system, was used periodically during May through August across 4 years (1996-1999) to obtain instantaneous measurements Of CO2 fluxes across 3 replicate blocks during a 2-min. measurement period. For the same measurement dates and times across the 4 years of study, CO2 fluxes ranged from -0.22 to 0.55 mg m(-2) sec(-1) for the Bowen ratio-energy balance technique and from -0.18 to 0.48 mg m(-2) sec-' for the canopy chamber technique. Estimates of CO2 fluxes by the 2 techniques were not statistically different (P > 0.05) for the early (May) and mid-season (June to mid-July) portions of the growing season; however, fluxes measured by the 2 techniques were significantly different (P < 0.05) for the late-season period (late-July to late-August). Despite this difference during the hot-dry, late-season period, flux estimates from the 2 techniques were significantly and positively correlated during the early (r(2) = 0.71), mid(r(2) = 0.88), and late- (r(2) = 0.72) season periods. Thus, both techniques showed similar patterns of CO2 fluxes at our sagebrushsteppe study site across 4 years of study, although caution should be used when the canopy chamber technique is used during hot, dry conditions. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Johnson, DA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 56 IS 5 BP 517 EP 523 DI 10.2307/4003844 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724AD UT WOS:000185463200016 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH Woolsey, L Bowns, JE AF Ralphs, MH Woolsey, L Bowns, JE TI Mechanism by which ammonium fertilizers kill tall larkspur SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Delphinium barbeyi; weed control; herbicide; fertilizer; ammonium sulfate; ammonium nitrate; sodium chloride ID DELPHINIUM; HERBICIDES; NITROGEN AB Environmental concerns of using pesticides on public lands have greatly reduced the use of herbicides to control tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi Huth). An alternative method of control used ammonium sulfate placed at the base of individual plants. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanism by which fertilizers kill tall larkspur. We hypothesize the salt from the fertilizers kill the plant. We applied ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and sodium chloride at equivalent salt concentrations and evaluated their effect on tall larkspur plants. There was no difference among treatments in larkspur mortality (P > 0.10). The high rate of all treatments (ammonium sulfate 400 g plant(-1), ammonium nitrate 264 g, and sodium chloride 180 g, at equivalent salt concentrations) killed greater than 70% of larkspur plants. We conclude the salt in fertilizers kills tall larkspur, not the nitrogen. It is necessary to place the fertilizer or salt at the base of the plant to concentrate it in the root zone, rather than broadcast it. At the end of the study, bare areas left around the dead tall larkspur plants were only 13% of the original size of the tall larkspur plants at Yampa Colo. and Cedar Ut., and 46% at Emery Ut., indicating the surrounding vegetation was quickly filling in the vacated space. The relative cost of materials per plant for both ammonium sulfate and nitrate was 12.9cent, and 2.6cent for salt. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. So Utah Univ, Cedar City, UT USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 56 IS 5 BP 524 EP 528 DI 10.2307/4003845 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724AD UT WOS:000185463200017 ER PT J AU Karn, JF Frank, AB Berdahl, JD Poland, WW AF Karn, JF Frank, AB Berdahl, JD Poland, WW TI Water, nitrogen and ploidy effects on Russian wildrye mineral concentrations SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE diploid; tetraploid; stage of maturity; rain shelter ID FORAGE QUALITY; GRASS TETANY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; TALL FESCUE; ALFALFA; MAGNESIUM; STRESS; TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION AB High quality forage for spring and autumn grazing can be obtained from Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski], a cool-season bunchgrass. However, little is known about mineral concentrations critical to livestock production, especially in the relatively new tetraploid plants. A knowledge of plant mineral concentrations and how they can be manipulated to more nearly meet animal requirements is necessary to optimize animal production. A study was undertaken to determine the extent that concentrations of critical minerals in leaf and stem tissue of Russian wildrye were affected by ploidy level, growing-season water (50 and 150% of average), and N fertilizer (10 and 134 kg N ha(-1)). Plants were sampled at vegetative, boot, anthesis, and anthesis plus 10-day stages of maturity in 1994, 1995, and 1996. Ploidy level resulted in small but significant differences in some mineral concentrations, with diploid plants usually having higher levels. An exception was P in stem tissue. This finding indicates that in breeding and selection for other traits, forage quality was not adversely affected. Growing-season water level also had minimal effects on mineral concentrations, except for P which was enhanced (P < 0.05) by greater amounts of soil water. Fertilizer N increased forage levels of Ca, K, Cu, and Zn, and decreased levels of P. Higher concentrations of K are not desirable, because they increase the possibility of a grass tetany problem. Advancing plant maturity caused a decrease in P and Zn concentrations, but Ca and Mg in leaf tissue increased as plants matured. These results suggest that concentrations of P, Ca, Mg, and Cu were marginal for high producing cattle at some stages of maturity, but we found the effects of nitrogen and growing-season water did not result in leaf and stem mineral concentration changes that would adversely affect the safety and nutritive quality of Russian wildrye. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dickinson Res Extens Ctr, Dickinson, ND 58601 USA. RP Karn, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 56 IS 5 BP 534 EP 541 DI 10.2307/4003847 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724AD UT WOS:000185463200019 ER PT J AU Booth, DT Bai, Y Roos, EE AF Booth, DT Bai, Y Roos, EE TI Wyoming big sagebrush seed production from mined and unmined rangelands SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE environmental effects; seed quality; big game; soil moisture; ecological restoration ID GROWTH AB Wyoming Coal Rules and Regulations require shrubs be returned to mined land and that revegetation "...be self renewing." We evaluated seed production and seed quality of Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis (Beetle & Young)) by measuring the effect of mining, herbivory, and environmental modification on seed production at 5 sites on the Dave Johnston Coal Mine near Glenrock, Wyo. Mined-land stands ranged in age from 5 to >20 years. Single sagebrush plants on mined, and adjacent unmined land were treated by: (1) fabric mulch around the base, (2) windbreak on the north and west, (3) both mulch and windbreak, and (4) neither windbreak nor mulch. Plants were fenced and compared with unfenced, untreated, neighboring plants. Seeds were harvested for 3 years and data were collected on seed-stalk numbers, bulk weight of seeds produced, and seed quality. Fenced mined-land plants produced several times more seeds than fenced plants on adjacent unmined land. There was no difference in seed quality. Treatments to modify the plant environment resulted in some benefits but fencing had a greater effect on seed-quality parameters than did planned treatments. We conclude the sagebrush seed-production potential on reclaimed lands such as those of the Dave Johnston Coal Mine is equal to, and often several times greater than that of adjacent unmined lands. However, browsing by wild ungulates can eliminate the mined-land yield advantage. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Sta, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Plant Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. USDA ARS, No Plains Area, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Booth, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Sta, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 56 IS 5 BP 542 EP 546 DI 10.2307/4003848 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 724AD UT WOS:000185463200020 ER PT J AU Rey, ME AF Rey, ME TI The new natural resource professional - A guest editorial written by a leading conservation professional SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Rey, ME (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 58 IS 5 BP 100A EP 100A PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 746BN UT WOS:000186726700002 ER PT J AU Johansson, RC Randall, JR AF Johansson, RC Randall, JR TI Incorporating economics into the phosphorus index: An application to US watersheds SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE nonpoint source pollution; phosphorus index; watershed management ID AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; MANAGEMENT; QUALITY; SCALE AB Discharge of excess nutrients into surface water by agricultural production is a significant source of water pollution throughout the United States. A number of mechanisms can be used by policymakers to identify regions for initial abatement programs. One targeting mechanism that is commonly used is the phosphorus index, or P index. This paper develops the concept of an economic P index-one that incorporates into the conventional P index heterogeneous agricultural net returns across watersheds to better target abatement policies for agricultural phosphorus discharge. Using national-level data for phosphorus transport factors, source factors, and net returns, we find that targeting watersheds using an economic P index improves the potential cost-effectiveness of phosphorus abatement efforts by as much as 50% when compared with a conventional P index. Assuming average abatement costs vary in the same direction and magnitude as do agricultural net returns relative to phosphorus discharge potentials, targeting regions using an economic P index in coordination with a conventional P index reduces by more than 60% potential average costs of abatement. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resources & Environm Policy Branch, Washington, DC 20005 USA. URS Grp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Johansson, RC (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resources & Environm Policy Branch, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 58 IS 5 BP 224 EP 231 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 746BN UT WOS:000186726700005 ER PT J AU Hubbard, RK Newton, GL Gascho, GJ AF Hubbard, RK Newton, GL Gascho, GJ TI Nutrient removal by grass components of vegetated buffer systems receiving swine lagoon effluent SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE animal wastes; coastal Bermuda grass; nutrient removal; vegetated buffer systems; water quality ID FILTER STRIPS; SIMULATED VEGETATION; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; POLLUTION; SEDIMENT; RUNOFF; WATER; CONSTITUENTS; FILTRATION AB Information is needed on nutrient removal mechanisms in vegetated buffer systems to assist in the design of these tong-term nutrient removal systems. We determined nutrient removal by grass portions of grass-forest buffer systems receiving swine lagoon wastewater. Cuttings were made at three positions within buffers of coastal Bermuda grass (Cynondon dactylon L.) (Tifton 78) for three years. Wastewater was applied weekly at two rates. The first rate averaged 800 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) (714 lb N ac(-1) yr(-1)), 215 kg P ha(-1) yr(-1) (192 lb P ac(-1) yr(-1)), and 1030 kg K ha(-1) yr(-1)(920 lb K ac(-1) yr(-1)), and the second rate furnished twice these amounts. Grass buffers 20 M (65.6 ft) in length removed 44% of the nitrogen (N), 19% of the phosphorus (P), and 23% Of the potassium (K) as grass biomass from the lesser wastewater application rate. Nutrient removal via uptake (percentage of applied) dropped by a factor of 1.6 when wastewater was applied at the greater rate. Overall, the study showed that while nutrient uptake into the grass biomass accounts for a portion of the nutrient removal in grass-forest buffer systems, the nutrient concentrations in surface runoff and subsurface water exiting these systems as reported previously (Hubbard et al., 1998b), imply that other factors (denitrification, forest uptake, and adsorption) play a greater role in the nutrient assimilation and filtering commonly associated with grass-forest buffer systems. The information on biomass production and nutrient removal by coastal Bermuda grass receiving wastewater in a lower landscape position is important for producers who want to utilize the wastewater nutrients and produce forage on an under-utilized portion of the landscape. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Hubbard, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 9 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 58 IS 5 BP 232 EP 242 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 746BN UT WOS:000186726700006 ER PT J AU Thorne, ME Young, FL Pan, WL Bafus, R Alldredge, JR AF Thorne, ME Young, FL Pan, WL Bafus, R Alldredge, JR TI No-till spring cereal cropping systems reduce wind erosion susceptibility in the wheat/fallow region of the Pacific Northwest SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE annual cropping; crop residue cover; random roughness; soil loss ratio ID HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; PARTICULATE MATTER; SOIL COVER; RESIDUE; FALLOW AB The dust-mulch fallow phase of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in low-rainfall areas of the Columbia Plateau leaves the soil surface loose-structured and exposed to erosion during high winds common to the region, and is a major source of airborne particulate matter. The objective of this research is to evaluate no-till spring cropping as an alternative to traditional winter wheat/dust-mulch fallow in reducing wind erosion susceptibility. Surface residue cover, random roughness, and crop canopy coverage were measured during a 3-year transition period from winter wheat/fallow to no-till spring cereals. These measurements were applied to soil loss ratio models as indices of wind erosion susceptibility. No-till spring cereal rotations reduced erosion susceptibility compared with winter wheat/fallow by maintaining soil cover during spring and fall when erosion is high. Crop canopy cover reduced erosion susceptibility after fall seeding in winter wheat/fallow and after no-till spring seeding. This research indicates that no-till spring cropping would significantly reduce wind erosion in winter wheat/fallow areas. C1 USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Cent Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Madras, OR USA. RP Thorne, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 58 IS 5 BP 250 EP 257 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 746BN UT WOS:000186726700008 ER PT J AU Truman, CC Reeves, DW Shaw, JN Motta, AC Burmester, CH Raper, RL Schwab, EB AF Truman, CC Reeves, DW Shaw, JN Motta, AC Burmester, CH Raper, RL Schwab, EB TI Tillage impacts on soil property, runoff, and soil loss variations from a Rhodic Paleudult under simulated rainfall SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; infiltration; paratill; simulated rainfall ID ANTECEDENT WATER-CONTENT; CONSERVATION-TILLAGE; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; RESIDUE COVER; INFILTRATION; SYSTEMS; COTTON; EROSION; SEDIMENT; YIELD AB The highly erodible soils of the Tennessee River Valley in northern Alabama have been intensively cropped to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) a low-residue crop, and traditionally managed under conventional tillage practices. Conservation tillage systems have potential as management tools for crop production in this region because they tend to reduce soil loss, build up organic matter, and conserve plant available water. Because of changes in tillage (type and timing) and subsequent residue amounts remaining, we evaluated rainfall partitioning and soil loss from a Decatur silt loam (Rhodic Paleudult) cropped to cotton and managed under conventional-till and no-till systems in November 1999 and June 2000. No-tilt treatments were evaluated with and without fall paratilling and rye (Secale cerale L.) cover. Four tillage-residue treatments evaluated were conventional tillage (fall disk and chisel, spring disk and field cultivated) without paratilling and without cover, no-till without paratilling and without cover, no-till without paratilling and with cover, and no-till with paratill and with cover. Plots (1 m(2)) were established on each tillage-residue treatment and exposed to simulated rainfall (50 mm h(-1) for 2 h). For November 1999, runoff was greatest for non-paratilled no-till plots, whereas for June 2000, conventional-till plots had the greatest runoff. For both dates, no-till /paratill/rye plots had 34% to tenfold less runoff than from other tillage systems, while conventional-till plots had 1.5 to 5(.)4-fold times more soil toss than from other tillage systems. Paratilling influenced runoff and soil loss more so than surface cover. Paratilling no-till plots reduced runoff by at least 67% in November 1999 (13 months after paratilling) and at least 215% in June 2000 (8 months after paratilling) compared with non-paratilled no-till plots. Sediment from no-till /paratill/rye plots decreased by at least threefold in June 2000 compared with that for November 1999. The worst-case scenario evaluated was the conventional-till treatment. The best-case scenario was the no-till/paratill/rye treatment. No-till /paratill/rye plots averaged 11% and 49% more infiltration than conventional-till plots in November 1999 and June 2000, respectively, whereas conventional-till plots averaged 1.8 and 8.7 times more soil loss than no-till /paratill/rye plots, respectively, for the same two dates. No-till coupled with fall paratilling and a rye cover is the best system to increase infiltration and plant available water and reduce runoff and soil toss for the Tennessee Valley region. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Dynam Res Unit, Auburn, AL USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Truman, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 50 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 58 IS 5 BP 258 EP 267 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 746BN UT WOS:000186726700009 ER PT J AU Delgado, JA Cox, CA Sojka, RE Busscher, WJ AF Delgado, JA Cox, CA Sojka, RE Busscher, WJ TI Advances in the use of polyacrylamide (PAM) for soil and water management: Third joint symposium SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Soil & Water Conservat, Ankeny, IA USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat Soil Res, Kimberly, ID USA. USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutr Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 58 IS 5 BP 269 EP 269 PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 746BN UT WOS:000186726700010 ER PT J AU Spackman, R Entry, JA Sojka, RE Ellsworth, JW AF Spackman, R Entry, JA Sojka, RE Ellsworth, JW TI Polyacrylamide for coliform bacteria removal from agricultural wastewater SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint Symposium of the Soil-and-Water-Conservation-Society/Soil-Science-Society-of-America CY 2002 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer DE anionic polyacrylamide; dairy waste; fecal coliforms; furrow irrigation runoff; soil water; total coliforms ID UNSATURATED SOIL COLUMNS; FURROW IRRIGATION; RIPARIAN FILTERSTRIPS; PESTICIDE TRANSPORT; EROSION; MOVEMENT; RUNOFF; MICROORGANISMS; POLLUTION; SURVIVAL AB Pollution of surface flow and groundwater from animal waste application to soils has been well documented. Polyacrylamide (PAM) has reduced total coliform (TC) and fecal coliform (FC) bacteria in animal waste water flowing in irrigation furrows. We measured efficacy of PAM dissolved in water and as a "patch" application to soil to remove total and fecal coliforms from: 1) water flowing over dairy waste in furrow-irrigated, ungrazed forage production systems; 2) soil water after it flowed through 1 m of soil; and 3) influence of PAM on survival of total and fecal coliforms in surface flow, soil, and soil water. Total coliforms in surface flow did not differ when waste was applied to soil, regardless of PAM treatment or days since waste was applied. Total coliforms in surface flow decreased by tenfold over the 7 days after waste regardless of PAM treatment. Fecal coliforms in surface flow decreased by tenfold over the 7 days after waste application and one hundredfold over the 28 days after waste application regardless of PAM treatment. Total coliforms in soil decreased by tenfold over the 7 days after waste was applied, one hundredfold over the 28 days after waste was applied and one thousandfold over the 63 days after waste was applied, regardless of PAM treatment or soil depth. Total coliforms did not differ in control soils and soils receiving waste, regardless of soil depth or PAM treatment over the 28 and 63 days after dairy waste was applied. Fecal coliforms in soil were greater in the o to 5 and 5 to 15 cm soil depths when waste was applied to soil, regardless of soil PAM treatment. Fecal coliforms in all three soil depths decreased as much as one thousandfold over the 28 and 63 days after waste and PAM treatments were applied. In all treatments, except the waste application x PAM patch treatment, total coliforms in soil water showed a tenfold decrease over the 28 and 63 days after waste was applied. PAM may not provide additional protection to surface water from waste applied to ungrazed forage production systems, but the compound does not enhance survival of total or fecal coliforms in soils or water. C1 Univ Idaho, Res & Extens Ctr, Twin Falls, ID 83301 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. RP Spackman, R (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Res & Extens Ctr, Twin Falls, ID 83301 USA. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 58 IS 5 BP 276 EP 283 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 746BN UT WOS:000186726700012 ER PT J AU Bjorneberg, DL Santos, FL Castanheira, NS Martins, OC Reis, JL Aase, JK Sojka, RE AF Bjorneberg, DL Santos, FL Castanheira, NS Martins, OC Reis, JL Aase, JK Sojka, RE TI Using polyacrylamide with sprinkler irrigation to improve infiltration SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint Symposium of the Soil-and-Water-Conservation-Society/Soil-Science-Society-of-America CY 2002 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer DE center pivot; erosion; PAM; runoff; sprinkler irrigation ID SOIL AMENDMENTS; EROSION; RUNOFF; ENERGY AB Center-pivot irrigation systems often apply water at rates greater than the soil infiltration rate. Applying high molecular weight, water-soluble, anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) to the soil can improve infiltration and reduce soil erosion The objective of this study was to determine whether single and multiple PAM applications with sprinkler irrigation improved infiltration under field conditions. A two-year study conducted near Kimberly, Idaho, used a solid-set sprinkler system, and a one-year study conducted in Monte dos Alhos near Alvalade do Sado, Portugal, used a center pivot. At Kimberly, applying PAM with four irrigations (total applied PAM was 2.1 kg ha(-1) in 2000 and 3.0 kg ha(-1) in 2001) significantly reduced total measured runoff, from 5.9 mm (2000) and 9.2 mm (2001) for the control to 2.0 and 2.1 mm. Total measured soil erosion was also reduced from 52 and 34 kg ha(-1)for the control to 21 and 5 kg ha(-1)for the multiple PAM treatment. Applying similar or greater amounts of PAM with a single irrigation reduced erosion, but not runoff, compared with the control. In the Monte dos Alhos study, runoff was reduced by applying a total of 0.3 kg PAM ha(-1) with a single irrigation (43 mm runoff) or three irrigations (65 mm runoff) compared with the control (111 mm runoff). Measured soil erosion was not significantly different among treatments. Applying PAM with multiple irrigations extended its effectiveness as long as the application rate was great enough to adequately stabilize the soil surface during the first irrigation. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. Univ Evora, Rural Engn Dept, Evora, Portugal. RP Bjorneberg, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. RI Santos, Francisco/D-8752-2014 OI Santos, Francisco/0000-0002-7544-1105 NR 17 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 58 IS 5 BP 283 EP 289 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 746BN UT WOS:000186726700013 ER PT J AU Lentz, RD AF Lentz, RD TI Inhibiting water infiltration with polyacrylamide and surfactants: Applications for irrigated agriculture SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint Symposium of the Soil-and-Water-Conservation-Society/Soil-Science-Society-of-America CY 2002 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer DE furrow irrigation; infiltration; irrigation uniformity; PAM; polyacrylamide; sealing ID 2 NONIONIC SURFACTANTS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; AGGREGATE STABILITY; FURROW INFILTRATION; SOIL CONDITIONERS; CLAY DISPERSION; FLOW VELOCITY; IMPACT ENERGY; EROSION; POLYMERS AB Efficiencies of surface irrigation systems are often limited by infiltration conditions. Treatments that decrease infiltration into unlined canals, reservoirs, and the inflow end of furrows relative to outflow ends would reduce seepage tosses and improve application uniformity. Several laboratory studies evaluated effects of high molecular weight (10 to 15 Mg mol(-1)), water-soluble, anionic polyacrylamide (PAM), alone and combined with anionic surfactants, on the hydraulic conductivity (KSAT) of soils. Dry soils were treated with one or two treatment solutions and subjected to conditions that simulated those in an irrigation furrow or pond. The KSAT of soil packed in columns was measured with a constant head apparatus for 19 hours. PAM treatment concentrations > 125 mg L-1 applied to dry soils preceding flooding reduced KSAT by 25%, and a 10 mg-L-1 PAM + 29 k-mg-L-1, sodium-lauryl-sulfate surfactant application reduced KSAT by 70%, relative to controls. Miniflume tests then applied the treatments only to the inflow end of the mini-furrows. The 125 and 250 mg L-1 PAM treatments significantly improved water application uniformity: Cumulative infiltration was reduced in the upper half of miniflume furrows and increased in the tower, relative to controls. When applied to dry soils and allowed to dry overnight, as may be done when treating irrigation ponds, the 1,000 mg L-1 PAM solution reduced KSAT by 60% to > 90% in silt loam and clay loam soils. Either the single or combination treatments could potentially be used to increase the uniformity of furrow water applications and reduce seepage from unlined irrigation ponds and canals. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. RP Lentz, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. NR 39 TC 38 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 58 IS 5 BP 290 EP 300 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 746BN UT WOS:000186726700014 ER PT J AU Flanagan, DC Norton, LD Peterson, JR Chaudhari, K AF Flanagan, DC Norton, LD Peterson, JR Chaudhari, K TI Using polyacrylamide to control erosion on agricultural and disturbed soils in rainfed areas SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint Symposium of the Soil-and-Water-Conservation-Society/Soil-Science-Society-of-America CY 2002 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer DE PAM; polyacrylamide; soil amendments; soil erosion control ID SPRINKLER IRRIGATION RUNOFF; SILT LOAM SOIL; FURROW EROSION; WATER CHEMISTRY; SEDIMENT YIELD; STEEP SLOPES; INFILTRATION; POLYMERS; FIELD; CONDITIONERS AB Use of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) as an erosion control soil amendment has been studied at the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), National Soil Erosion Research Lab since the early 1990s. An initial field experiment in Indiana using simulated rainfall on a sloping silt loam soil found that 20 kg ha(-1) of PAM could reduce sediment loss by more than 60% from the first storm event from an agricultural silt loam soil, as well as provide control from rill detachment for inflows of water up to 60 L min(-1). More recent studies have examined use of PAM on areas prone to excessive erosion (highway embankments, landfill caps, etc.) to provide control white vegetation is being established. A simulated rainfall study found that 80 kg ha(-1) PAM application on a 3:1 silt loam soil embankment reduced runoff by 86% and soil loss by 99% in a severe storm event (69 mm h(-1) for 1 hour) on initially dry soil. The PAM continued to be effective at controlling runoff and soil loss through a series of simulated rainfall applications, reducing runoff by an average of 40% and soil loss by an average of 83% over the entire experiment. Two associated natural rainfall studies found similar erosion control benefits, as well as improved vegetation establishment. Polyacrylamide at 80 kg ha(-1) was also found to be effective at preventing earthen channel erosion and degradation on a preformed trapezoidal channel at a 1% slope at inflows of water up to 760 L min(-1). Application of PAM as a liquid spray that is allowed to dry on the soil surface is more effective than an application of dry PAM granules for immediate erosion control. Recent laboratory experiments have been targeted toward determining the optimal rates of PAM to control rill erosion and minimize cost. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Flanagan, DC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 58 IS 5 BP 301 EP 311 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 746BN UT WOS:000186726700015 ER PT J AU Lentz, RD Bjorneberg, DL AF Lentz, RD Bjorneberg, DL TI Polyacrylamide and straw residue effects on irrigation furrow erosion and infiltration SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint Symposium of the Soil-and-Water-Conservation-Society/Soil-Science-Society-of-America CY 2002 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer DE erosion; furrow irrigation; infiltration; sediment discharge; straw residue ID SOIL-EROSION; WATER; POLYMERS; LOSSES AB Water-soluble anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) is a highly effective erosion deterrent in furrow irrigation, but little is known about the effect of plant residues on PAM efficacy. We hypothesized that increasing plant residue in irrigation furrows may alter PAM's ability to control erosion. Furrows with 10 9 m(-1) (485 kg ha(-1)) on treated area and 30 g m(-1) (1490 kg ha(-1)) wheat straw applications, irrigated with PAM or untreated water, and conventionally irrigated furrows (no PAM and no straw) were used. Five irrigations were monitored on a field with 1.5% slope and silt loam soil (Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcids). PAM was applied as a granular patch at the furrow inflow end (33 g or 1 kg active ingredient ha(-1)). Compared to controls, individual straw and PAM+straw treatments reduced sediment loss in all irrigations by 64% to 100%, but increased infiltration (1.3x to 2.5x) only for irrigation one, when furrows were fresh. Adding more straw to low straw (with or without PAM) treatments increased average sediment toss reduction from 86% to 94% in the first two irrigations, but provided no extra benefit in subsequent irrigations (relative to controls). Adding PAM to low and high straw treatments increased average sediment loss reduction from 80% to 100% in the first two irrigations, and from 94% to 99.8% in subsequent irrigations. Combining plant residue and PAM in furrows produced greater erosion control and larger infiltration enhancements than with straw atone. An important additional benefit of PAM is that it greatly reduced detachment, transport, and redistribution of residue in furrows, which helped prevent furrow blockage and attendant overflow problems, allowing farmers to use conservation tillage in furrow irrigated fields. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. RP Lentz, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 58 IS 5 BP 312 EP 319 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 746BN UT WOS:000186726700016 ER PT J AU Sojka, RE Morishita, DW Foerster, JA Wille, MJ AF Sojka, RE Morishita, DW Foerster, JA Wille, MJ TI Weed seed transport and weed establishment as affected by polyacrylamide in furrow-irrigated corn SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint Symposium of the Soil-and-Water-Conservation-Society/Soil-Science-Society-of-America CY 2002 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer DE dichlormid; EPTC; erosion; infiltration; metotachlor; return flows; runoff; seed bank; surface flow; water quality ID TRASH SCREENS; EROSION; INFILTRATION; WATER; SOIL; RUNOFF AB Polyacrylamide (PAM) has been used successfully to reduce erosion and increase infiltration on nearly a half million hectares of United States irrigated farmland. PAM is a potent an environmentally safe flocculent that greatly accelerates separation of suspended solids from water. It also improves particle cohesion, stabilizing soil structure. We hypothesized that in irrigation furrows, PAM prevents loss of weed seed and might affect weed establishment and management practices. We grew corn (Zea mays L.) in plots without herbicides, or that were treated with either Eradicane((R)) (EPTC + dichlormid) or Dual((R)) II (S-Metolachlor) and irrigated in furrows that had either no PAM, or that were treated either with 10 g m(-3) (10 kg ML-1 or 10 ppm) dissolved PAM during water advance, or with PAM applied as a powder patch at the furrow head. As in previous studies, erosion was greatly reduced with PAM and infiltration was increased. PAM use also reduced runoff loss of weed seeds (barnyardgrass, kochia, redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters, and hairy nightshade) 62% to 90%. Interactions of herbicide treatments and PAM on erosion, infiltration, and weed seed loss were related to the mulching effect of weed vegetation. PAM is an effective and environmentally safe means of reducing weed seed distribution in furrow irrigation water while simultaneously reducing erosion and increasing infiltration in weed-free crop production. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. Univ Idaho, Twin Falls Res & Extens Ctr, Twin Falls, ID USA. RP Sojka, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 58 IS 5 BP 319 EP 326 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 746BN UT WOS:000186726700017 ER PT J AU Ross, CW Sojka, RE Foerster, JA AF Ross, CW Sojka, RE Foerster, JA TI Scanning electron micrographs of polyacrylamide-treated soil in irrigation furrows SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint Symposium of the Soil-and-Water-Conservation-Society/Soil-Science-Society-of-America CY 2002 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer DE irrigation-induced erosion; polyacrylamide; scanning electron microscopy; soil microstructure ID ORGANIC-MATTER; EROSION; INFILTRATION; WATER; MICROORGANISMS; RUNOFF; PAM; TEMPERATURE; AMENDMENTS; MICROSCOPY AB Polyacrylamide (PAM) is used at rates of 1 to 2 kg ha(-1) per irrigation on a half million hectares of United States irrigated farmland to prevent 94% of irrigation-induced erosion and to enhance infiltration by 15% to 50% on medium to fine-textured soils. The polyacrylamides used for this application are large (12 to 15 megagrams per mote), water-soluble anion molecules applied in the irrigation stream. Erosion prevention has been shown to result from stabilized soil structure in the 1 to 5 mm veneer of surface soil that regulates infiltration, runoff, and sediment toss on water application. We hypothesized that this could be confirmed from scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) of PAM-treated soil. Both untreated and PAM-treated soils form surface seats in irrigation furrows, but the stable surface structure of PAM-treated furrows is more pervious. This is thought to result from a greater number of continuous unblocked pores at the soil-water interface. SEMs of PAM-treated and untreated soil microstructures are presented from thin surface samples of Portneuf silt loam, collected from furrows immediately following an irrigation, and freeze-dried. SEMs of PAM-treated soil showed net or web-like microstructural surface coatings about 1 mum thick on soil mineral particles, giving a glue-like porous appearance. Individual strands of PAM were about 0.2 mum in diameter. Strands of PAM aggregated the soil by ensnaring and bridging mineral particles white untreated soil had poorly aggregated, unconnected particles. Thus, microstructural differences between PAM-treated and untreated soil from irrigation furrows were consistent with erosion and infiltration results. C1 Landcare Res New Zealand Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soil Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. RP Ross, CW (reprint author), Landcare Res New Zealand Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 58 IS 5 BP 327 EP 331 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 746BN UT WOS:000186726700018 ER PT J AU Burke, KE Clive, J Combs, GF Nakamura, RM AF Burke, KE Clive, J Combs, GF Nakamura, RM TI Effects of topical L-selenomethionine with topical and oral vitamin E on pigmentation and skin cancer induced by ultraviolet irradiation in Skh : 2 hairless mice SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th World Congress of Dermatology CY JUL 03-05, 2002 CL PARIS, FRANCE ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE-ACTIVITY; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; SELENIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; PYRIMIDINE DIMERS; DIETARY SELENIUM; BETA-CAROTENE; E ACETATE; IN-VIVO; MOUSE AB Background: The antioxidants selenium and vitamin E can be effective in reducing acute and chronic ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin damage. Objective: This study investigated whether topical L-selenomethionine with topical RRR-alpha-tocopherol (Eol) or oral RRR-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (Eac) can reduce the incidence of UV-induced skin damage more than treatment with each alone. Methods: Skh:2 hairless pigmented mice were treated with lotion vehicle, L-selenomethionine lotion, Eol lotion, oral Eac, L-selenomethionine plus Eol lotion, or L-selenomethionine lotion plus oral Eac and exposed to UVB. Skin pigmentation was scored, and the number of skin tumors per animal was counted weekly. Results: Mice treated with selenium and vitamin E had significantly less acute and chronic UV-induced skin damage. Conclusion: Topical L-selenomethionine alone and combined with vitamin E gave the best protection against UV-induced blistering and pigmentation. In protecting against skin cancer, topical Eol and topical L-selenomethionine plus oral Eac were best. Significant synergy of L-selenomethionine with vitamin E was not observed. C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Farmington, CT USA. USDA ARS, Div Nutrit Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Burke, KE (reprint author), River Court,429 E 52nd St, New York, NY 10022 USA. NR 88 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 49 IS 3 BP 458 EP 472 DI 10.1067/S0190-9622(03)00900-9 PG 15 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 716CV UT WOS:000185012000011 PM 12963910 ER PT J AU Novotny, J Rumpler, WV Riddick, H Hebert, JR Rhodes, D Judd, JT Baer, DJ McDowell, M Briefel, R AF Novotny, J Rumpler, WV Riddick, H Hebert, JR Rhodes, D Judd, JT Baer, DJ McDowell, M Briefel, R TI Personality characteristics as predictors of underreporting of energy intake on 24-hour dietary recall interviews SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; SELF-REPORT; OLDER MEN; OBESE SUBJECTS; MULTIPLE-PASS; WEIGHT STATUS; FOOD-INTAKE; LIFE-STYLE; WOMEN AB Objective To identify characteristics associated with misreporting of energy intake during 24-hour dietary recalls (24HR). Design Ninety-eight subjects were administered two 24HRs. Energy expenditure was determined by doubly labeled water (44 subjects) or intake balance (54 subjects). Data on subjects physical, lifestyle, and psychosocial characteristics were also collected. Subjects/setting At the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center 52 women and 46 men were administered 24HR and completed lifestyle and personality questionnaires and a memory test. Physical characteristics such as weight, percent body fat, and total energy expenditure were measured. Statistical analysis The influences of subject parameters on energy misreporting were assessed by linear regression and Pearson product-moment correlation analysis for continuous variables and by ANOVA for discrete variables. Stepwise regression was used to identify key factors in underreporting. Results Factors particularly important in predicting underreporting of energy intake include factors indicating dissatisfaction with body image; for example, a 398 kcal/day underreport in subjects attempting weight loss during the past year with a nearly 500 kcal/day underreport in women. Overall, women underreported by 393 kcal/day relative to men and women evinced a social desirability bias amounting to a 26 kcal underreport for each point on the social desirability scale. Gender differences also were evident in the effect of percent body fat (with men underreporting about 16 kcal/day/percent body fat) and in departure from self-reported ideal body weight (with women underreporting about 21 kcal/day/kg). Applications/conclusions Body image and fatness are key factors on which health professionals should focus when seeking predictors of underreporting of dietary intake. Dietary interviews must be conducted to minimize bias related to subjects' tendencies to win approval and avoid censure by the interviewer. In addition, dissatisfaction with body image may lead to underestimation of food intake, therefore reducing likelihood of success in weight loss. Thus, health care professionals involved in weight loss counseling may achieve better success if treatment includes generating a, more positive body image. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US Dept Hlth, Hyattsville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. S Carolina Canc Ctr, Columbia, SC USA. Math Policy Res Inc, Washington, DC USA. RP Novotny, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Bldg 308,Room 201,BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 51 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 103 IS 9 BP 1146 EP 1151 DI 10.1053/jada.2003.50568 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 719XT UT WOS:000185230900010 PM 12963942 ER PT J AU Payette, H Roubenoff, R Jacques, PF Dinarello, CA Wilson, PWF Abad, LW Harris, T AF Payette, H Roubenoff, R Jacques, PF Dinarello, CA Wilson, PWF Abad, LW Harris, T TI Insulin-like growth factor-1 and interleukin 6 predict sarcopenia in very old community-living men and women: The Framingham Heart Study SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE sarcopenia; predictors; growth hormone; cytokine; population-based ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE MASS; FAT-FREE MASS; BODY-COMPOSITION; ELDERLY-MEN; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; ASSOCIATION; HORMONE; DISABILITY; WEIGHT; HEALTH AB OBJECTIVES: To assess the prognostic role of the inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in predicting 2-year changes in fat-free mass (FFM) while controlling for potential confounders. DESIGN: Population-based cohort, the Framingham Heart Study, examined in 1992-93 and 1994-95. SETTING: General community. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred thirty-two men and 326 women aged 72 to 92. MEASUREMENTS: IGF-1 was measured using radioimmunoassay and cellular IL-6 production using non-crossreacting radioimmunoassays. FFM was estimated using population-specific equations for predicting FFM from bioelectrical impedance analysis developed separately for men and women. RESULTS: Higher IGF-1 predicted smaller loss of FFM in men than lower IGF-1 did (P = .002), after adjusting for age, baseline FFM, fat mass, and 2-year weight changes, whereas cellular IL-6 was a significant predictor of sarcopenia in women (P = .02). Weight change was a strong determinant of change in FFM in both sexes (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Predictors of sarcopenia include body composition characteristics that are common to men and women and sex-specific metabolic predictors. Sarcopenia appears to reflect a withdrawal of anabolic stimuli, such as growth hormone, in men but an increase in catabolic stimuli, such as cellular IL-6, in women. C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Colorado, Med Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. NIA, Geriatr Epidemiol Off, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Payette, H (reprint author), Sherbrooke Geriatr Univ Inst, Res Ctr Aging, 1036 Belvedere St, Sherbrooke, PQ J1H 4C4, Canada. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-Z5195]; NIA NIH HHS [Y01-AG-4-0245, AG15797]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK02120] NR 51 TC 111 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 51 IS 9 BP 1237 EP 1243 DI 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51407.x PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 721NF UT WOS:000185321900006 PM 12919235 ER PT J AU Mozersky, SM Wildermuth, RJ Marmer, WN AF Mozersky, SM Wildermuth, RJ Marmer, WN TI Estimation of the sulfated glycosaminoglycan content of bovine skin with Alcian Blue SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PROTEOGLYCANS; HISTOCHEMISTRY; QUANTITATION; BEAMHOUSE; COMPLEXES AB Procedures selected from the work of Bjornsson and Karlsson for the quantitation of sulfated glycosammoglycans with Alcian Blue were modified and adapted to the Measurement of this type of polysaccharide in bovine skin. Modifications include: (1) pulverization of the skin under liquid nitrogen, (2) brief gentle digestion of the skin with collagenase. (3) the use of a variety of Alcian Blue widely used in histologic work. (4) the recipe for the preparation of the Alcann Blue reagent solution, (5) determination of suitable sample size, volumes of reagent solutions. incubation times, duration of centrifugation etc. The procedure developed yields linear results for 50-500 mg samples of skin; the relative standard deviation for the procedure is +/-15%. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Mozersky, SM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 98 IS 9 BP 337 EP 343 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 719RJ UT WOS:000185217900002 ER PT J AU Marmer, WN Dudley, RL Gehring, AG AF Marmer, WN Dudley, RL Gehring, AG TI Rapid oxidative unhairing with alkaline hydrogen peroxide SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UREA; LEATHER; WOOL AB Hair can be rapidly removed from a bovine hide with caustic sodium sulfide. A rapid unhairing of the hide while still on the carcass in the slaughterhouse is an attractive alternative, because such a process could be part of a pathogen reduction program targeting the safety of the meat. The major drawbacks to the procedure are the high concentrations of base required for the unhairing, the potential of generating toxic hydrogen sulfide and the it the spent unhairing solutions. We have studied the use of caustic hydrogen peroxide as a potential rapid oxidative unhairing agent to replace sodium sulfide. High concentrations of sodium hydroxide were required for the hydrogen peroxide to be an effective rapid unhairing agent. At these high base concentrations damage to the grain was observed. We were able to reduce the amount of sodium hydroxide and still carry out an effective rapid unhairing by the addition of lime or KOCN to the reaction mixture. An added advantage of using lime or KOCN was the elimination of grain damage. Shrink temperatures and physical test data of the wet blue and crust leather produced from hides that had been unhaired with alkaline hydrogen peroxide were compared to the results obtained from wet blue and crust leather produced front hide unhaired with sodium sulfide/lime/soda ash. The wet blue produced from hides that had undergone the four unhairing protocols had identical shrink temperatures. The shrink temperatures did not correlate to the chromium content of the wet blue. The physical testing data were also identical for all four samples except for the tensile strength and toughness index. The crust leather made from hides unhaired by sodium sulfide/lime/soda ash had significantly lower values. As with the shrink temperatures there was not a correlation between the physical testing results and chromium content. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Marmer, WN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 98 IS 9 BP 351 EP 358 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 719RJ UT WOS:000185217900004 ER PT J AU Trexler, JD Apperson, CS Gemeno, C Perich, MJ Carlson, D Schal, C AF Trexler, JD Apperson, CS Gemeno, C Perich, MJ Carlson, D Schal, C TI Field and laboratory evaluations of potential oviposition attractants for Aedes albopictus (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes albopictus; oviposition; attractant; electroantennogram ID COMPOUNDS MEDIATING OVIPOSITION; BERMUDA GRASS INFUSIONS; TRISERIATUS DIPTERA; CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS; MOSQUITO OVIPOSITION; ORGANIC INFUSIONS; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; AEGYPTI AB We tested five volatile synthetic chemicals (dimethyl disulfide, indole, 4-methylphenol, 3-methylindole, and trimethylamine) as potential oviposition attractants of Aedes albopictus in field and laboratory experiments. The 5 synthetic compounds were loaded into controlled-release packets, which consisted of a cellulose material sealed within a permeable plastic membrane, that were used to bait water-filled ovitraps at 5 field sites. Aedes albopictus exhibited no oviposition preference for any of the baited traps versus adjacent traps containing only water. In addition, there was no difference in the mean number of eggs laid per trap-day by Ae. albopictus among ovitraps treated with the five compounds. We conducted behavioral bioassays to determine if the lack of response to the putative oviposition chemicals in the field was due to a concentration effect. A binary sticky-screen bioassay was used to measure attraction of gravid females to olfactory stimuli. Compounds were evaluated over a range of concentrations that spanned 3-5 logs (0.0083 to 8.3 or 83 mg/liter). Three concentrations of 4-methylphenol (0.083 mg/liter, 0.83 mg/liter, and 8.3 mg/liter) and 1 concentration of 3-methylindole (8.3 mg/liter) were significantly repellent. All other concentrations of the 5 chemicals tested did not attract more females than did a water control. Electoantennography indicated that Ae. albopictus did not exhibit a physiological response to 0.25 ng of any of the five chemicals tested. Because Ae. albopictus did not exhibit attraction, greater oviposition, or an electrophysiological response to any of the compounds tested, these compounds do not appear to be effective lures for baiting ovitraps for surveillance or control of this mosquito. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ag Ctr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Trexler, JD (reprint author), Univ Lleida, ETSEA, Dept Prod Vegetal & Ciencia Forestal, Av Alcalde Rovira Roure 177, Lleida 25198, Spain. RI Schal, Coby/A-8717-2010; gemeno, cesar/H-5223-2011 OI Schal, Coby/0000-0001-7195-6358; gemeno, cesar/0000-0001-5543-6141 NR 27 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 19 IS 3 BP 228 EP 234 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 722LB UT WOS:000185375300007 PM 14524544 ER PT J AU Xue, RD Ali, A Barnard, DR AF Xue, RD Ali, A Barnard, DR TI Laboratory evaluation of toxicity of 16 insect repellents in aerosol sprays to adult mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE insect repellents; toxicity; Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; Anopheles quadrimaculatus; mosquito adulticides ID AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; FIELD-EVALUATION AB Sixteen commercial insect repellents (6 botanical and 10 synthetic organic products) in spray formulations were evaluated in the laboratory for adult knockdown (KD) and mortality of laboratory-reared female Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Anopheles quadrimaculatus. All tested products produced significant posttreatment KD and 24 h mortality of all 3 mosquito species. In our study, the synthetic organic repellents induced faster KD and KD of higher magnitude in adult mosquitoes than the botanical product repellents except geraniol-based MosquitoSafe(TM). All tested formulations except 2 botanical repellent products caused 100% 24-h mortality of Ae. aegypti and all but 1 caused 100% 24-h mortality of Ae. albopictus and An. quadrimaculatus. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RP Xue, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RI Ali, Arshad/J-6647-2015 NR 7 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 19 IS 3 BP 271 EP 274 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 722LB UT WOS:000185375300014 PM 14524551 ER PT J AU Wolf, WR LaCroix, DE Goel, R Kaur, M AF Wolf, WR LaCroix, DE Goel, R Kaur, M TI Total fat analysis in milk- and soy-based infant formula powder by supercritical fluid extraction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE collaborative study; fat; infant formula powder; peer-validated supercritical fluid extraction ID ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ERROR AB A rapid method for the determination of total fat in infant formula powders using a commercially available supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) instrument was evaluated. The matrices examined were Standard Reference Material SRM 1846 Infant Formula (NIST) and commercial milk- and soy-based infant formula powders. Method verification and validation were done by linear regression analysis using the Method of Standard Additions. A Data Quality Objectives (DQO) format was used to define and evaluate the performance characteristic parameters of the instrumental total fat analysis by SFE. A peer validation study showed excellent agreement with the declared labeled percentage fat values and reproducibility among three participating laboratories. The laboratory relative SD (RSDR, %) is within Horwitz's limits of acceptability and the HORRAT ratio criteria at the level of the analyte analyzed. Linear regression analysis of all infant formula matrices spiked with added fat showed that the SFE instrument response was due only to the added analyte. By integrating the DQO process with a readily available certified reference material, along with reproducibility indicated by two outside collaborating laboratories, we established verification and validation of the accuracy of the data obtained by SFE. C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wolf, WR (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 80 IS 9 BP 853 EP 857 DI 10.1007/s11746-003-0785-y PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 723AZ UT WOS:000185411400003 ER PT J AU Piazza, GJ Nunez, A Foglia, TA AF Piazza, GJ Nunez, A Foglia, TA TI Hydrolysis of mono- and diepoxyoctadecanoates by alumina SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE alumina; methyl 9,10-12,13-diepoxyoctadecanoate; methyl 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate; methyl 9,12-epoxy-10,13-dihydroxyoctadecanoate; methyl 10,13-epoxy-9,12-dihydroxyoctadecanoate; methyl 9,10-epoxyoctadecanoate ID CYTOSOLIC EPOXIDE HYDROLASE; OAT SEED PEROXYGENASE; FATTY-ACIDS; ESTERS; PRODUCTS; ALKENES AB In this study it is shown that the epoxide derivative of oleic acid, methyl 9,10-epoxyoctadecanoate, is readily hydrolyzed to a diol when exposed to a commercial preparation of neutral alumina. Comparison of H-1 and C-13 NMR spectra of the diol with those of standards showed that the product was the threo isomer. When methyl 9,10-12,13-diepoxyoctadecanoate was treated with alumina, a mixture of dihydroxytetrahydrofuran regioisomers, methyl 9,12-epoxy-10,13-dihydroxystearate and methyl 10,13-epoxy-9,12-dihydroxystearate, was obtained. These results show that alumina is an unsuitable support for epoxidation catalysts. However, alumina-catalyzed hydrolysis of fatty epoxides is an efficient way to synthesize polyhydroxy materials, and these materials are suitable for several industrial applications. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Piazza, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. OI Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 80 IS 9 BP 901 EP 904 DI 10.1007/s11746-003-0792-z PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 723AZ UT WOS:000185411400010 ER PT J AU Rowland, LJ Mehra, S Dhanaraj, AL Ogden, EL Slovin, JP Ehlenfeldt, MK AF Rowland, LJ Mehra, S Dhanaraj, AL Ogden, EL Slovin, JP Ehlenfeldt, MK TI Development of EST-PCR markers for DNA fingerprinting and genetic relationship studies in blueberry (Vaccinium, section Cyanococcus) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CAPS markers; cultivar identification; expressed sequence tags; molecular markers; STS markers ID PEDIGREE DATA; HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; LINKAGE MAP; SEQUENCE; RAPD; CULTIVARS; PRIMERS; CORYMBOSUM; DARROWI; BARLEY AB Because randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is the only type of molecular marker that has been used extensively in blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) for mapping and DNA fingerprinting of cultivars, there is a need to develop a new, robust marker system. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) produced from a cDNA library, derived from RNA from floral buds of cold acclimated plants, were used to develop EST-PCR markers for blueberry. Thirty clones, picked at random from the cDNA library, were single-pass sequenced from the 5' and 3' ends. Thirty PCR primer pairs were designed from the ends of the best quality sequences that were generated and were tested in amplification reactions with genomic DNA from 19 blueberry genotypes, including two wild selections (the original parents of a mapping population), and 17 cultivars. Fifteen of the 30 primer pairs resulted in amplification of polymorphic fragments that were detectable directly after ethidium bromide staining of agarose gels. Several of the monomorphic amplification products were digested with the restriction enzyme AluI and approximately half resulted in polymorphic-sized fragments (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences or CAPS markers). The polymorphic EST-PCR and CAPS markers developed in this study distinguished all the genotypes indicating that these markers should have general utility for DNA fingerprinting and examination of genetic relationships in blueberry. Similarity values were calculated based on the molecular marker data, and a dendrogram was constructed based on the similarity matrix. Coefficients of coancestry were calculated for each pair of genotypes from complete pedigree information. A fair correlation between similarity coefficients calculated from marker data and coefficients of coancestry was found. C1 USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Blueberry & Cranberry Res Ctr, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Rowland, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Bldg 010A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 128 IS 5 BP 682 EP 690 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 708ED UT WOS:000184553400010 ER PT J AU Stommell, JR Whitaker, BD AF Stommell, JR Whitaker, BD TI Phenolic acid content and composition of eggplant fruit in a germplasm core subset SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE germplasm evaluation; hydroxycinnamic acids; phytonutrient; Solanaceae; Solanum melongena ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SOLANUM-MELONGENA; VEGETABLES; ANTIOXIDANTS; FLAVONOIDS; FOODS AB Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is ranked among the top ten vegetables in terms of oxygen radical absorbance capacity due to its fruit's phenolic constituents. Several potential health promoting effects have been ascribed to plant phenolic phytochemicals. We report here a first evaluation of phenolic acid constituents in eggplant fruit from accessions in the USDA eggplant core subset. The core subset includes 101 accessions of the cultivated eggplant, S. melongena, and 14 accessions representing four related eggplant species, S. aethiopicum L., S. anguivi Lam., S. incanum L., and S. macrocarpon L. Significant differences in phenolic acid content and composition were evident among the five eggplant species and among genotypes within species. Fourteen compounds separated by HPLC, that were present in many but not all accessions, were identified or tentatively identified as hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) derivatives based on HPLC elution times, UV absorbance spectra, ES--MS mass spectra, and in some cases proton NMR data. These phenolics were grouped into five classes: chlorogenic acid isomers, isochlorogenic acid isomers, hydroxycinnamic acid amide conjugates, unidentified caffeic acid conjugates, and acetylated chlorogenic acid isomers. Among S. melongena accessions, there was a nearly 20-fold range in total HCA content. Total HCA content in S. aethiopicum and S. macrocarpon was low relative to S. melongena. A S. anguivi accession had the highest HCA content among core subset accessions. Chlorogenic acid isomers ranged from 63.4% to 96% of total WAS in most core accessions. Two atypical accessions, S. anguivi PI 319855 and S. incanum PI500922, exhibited strikingly different HCA conjugate profiles, which differed from those of all other core subset accessions by the presence of several unique phenolic compounds. Our findings on eggplant fruit phenolic content provide opportunities to improve eggplant fruit quality and nutritive value. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Stommell, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 23 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 128 IS 5 BP 704 EP 710 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 708ED UT WOS:000184553400013 ER PT J AU Bates, TW Thurmond, MC Hietala, SK Venkateswaran, KS Wilson, TM Colston, BW Trebes, JE Milanovich, FP AF Bates, TW Thurmond, MC Hietala, SK Venkateswaran, KS Wilson, TM Colston, BW Trebes, JE Milanovich, FP TI Surveillance for detection of foot-and-mouth disease SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID SWINE HERDS; VIRUS; EPIDEMIC; SHEEP C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Phys & Biophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div R, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Vet Serv, USDA, Emergency Serv, Armed Forces Med Intelligent Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bates, TW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Med Phys & Biophys Div, POB 808,L-174, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 223 IS 5 BP 609 EP 614 DI 10.2460/javma.2003.223.609 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 715FQ UT WOS:000184960700012 PM 12959376 ER PT J AU Rawles, S Lochmann, R AF Rawles, S Lochmann, R TI Effects of amylopectin/amylose starch ratio on growth, body composition and glycemic response of sunshine bass Morone chrysops female x M-saxatilis male SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STRIPED BASS; DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE; OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; INSULIN RESPONSES; MULTIPLE RANGE; ALPHA-AMYLASE; AMYLOSE; DIGESTION; FISH; DIGESTIBILITY AB Manipulation of the ratio of amylopectin (alpha-[1,4] and a-[1,6] linked glucose) to amylose (alpha-[1,4] linked glucose) starches in the carbohydrate fraction of the diet has been used to improve carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in mammalian models. A 10-wk feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary amylopectin/amylose ratio on growth and composition of growth of advanced sunshine bass (Morone chrysops female X M. saxatilis male) fingerlings (60 g, initial weight). Fish were fed cold-pelleted, semipurified, isonitrogenous (35% crude protein), isocaloric (3.6 kcal/g protein), isolipidic (5%) diets containing 25% carbohydrate. The carbohydrate fraction of the diets was composed of either glucose, dextrin, 100% amylopectin/0% amylose, 70% amylopectin/30% amylose, or 30% amylopectin/70% amylose. Diets differing in ratios of amylopectin/amylose were achieved by adjusting the proportion of high-amylopectin (100% amylopectin) to high-amylose (70% amylose) corn starch. Diets were fed to fish in quadruplicate 76-L tanks (seven fish/tank) connected to a brackish water (5-7%) recirculating culture system with biofiltration. Weight gain ranged from 195 to 236% of initial weight (60 g) and was significantly greater (P < 0.1) for fish fed diets containing 25% carbohydrate as dextrin or as 70% amylose and significantly lower in fish fed diets in which carbohydrate was composed of 30% amylose, 100% amylopectin, or glucose. Feed efficiency ranged from 0.52 to 0.61 and was higher in fish fed the diet containing the highest concentration of amylose and lower in fish fed the diet containing glucose. Hepatosomatic index was highest (2.71) in fish fed the diet containing glucose and lowest (1.40-1.45) in fish fed diets containing high-amylose cornstarch. Intraperitoneal fat ratio was distinctly lower in fish fed diets containing some amylose as compared to those fed diets without amylose. Liver lipid was significantly lower (4.8%) in fish fed the diet containing glucose and almost twice as high (7.3-8.9%) in fish fed the diets containing any starch. Glycogen content of the liver decreased from approximately 12% in fish fed the diet containing glucose to 5% in fish fed the diets containing amylose. Muscle proximate composition and ratio were unaffected by the dietary treatments. Fasting levels (15 h) of blood glucose in fish reared for 10 wk on the diet containing glucose were significantly elevated (5.5 mmol/L) when compared to fasting levels of those that had been reared on diets containing starch (3.4-4.1 mmol/L). Fish fed the diet containing glucose exhibited maximum blood concentrations (14.6 mmol/L) 4 h postprandial then rapidly declined to nearly fasting levels within 8 h postprandial. In contrast, maximum plasma glucose concentrations in fish fed diets containing starch were roughly half (6.8-8.1 mmol/L) those of fish fed the diet containing glucose. Blood glucose in fish fed diets containing dextrin or predominantly amylopectin starch remained elevated longer than that of fish fed diets containing glucose or predominantly amylose starch. Glycemic response appeared to decrease with increasing dietary amylose content. These data suggest that feeding diets in which a greater portion of the starch is amylose may be a useful strategy for improving carbohydrate use in sunshine bass. C1 USDA, ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. RP Rawles, S (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, 2955 Highway 130 E,POB 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 34 IS 3 BP 278 EP 288 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2003.tb00066.x PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 721CU UT WOS:000185300100004 ER PT J AU McNulty, ST Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA Evans, JJ AF McNulty, ST Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA Evans, JJ TI Hematological changes in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected with Streptococcus iniae by nare inoculation SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FISH BLOOD; BASS; VARIABLES C1 USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. USDA, ARS, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. RP McNulty, ST (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Lab, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 34 IS 3 BP 418 EP 422 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2003.tb00080.x PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 721CU UT WOS:000185300100018 ER PT J AU Wunschmann, A Garlie, V Averbeck, G Kurtz, H Hoberg, EP AF Wunschmann, A Garlie, V Averbeck, G Kurtz, H Hoberg, EP TI Cerebral cysticercosis by Taenia crassiceps in a domestic cat SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE CYSTICERCOSIS; 1800 RUDOLPHI; 1810 CESTODA; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; COENUROSIS; BIOLOGY; ZEDER; AIDS; DOGS AB Cerebral cysticercosis by Taenia crassiceps was diagnosed in an adult female domestic shorthair cat. The animal was euthanized 6 weeks after the initial presentation with signs of vomiting, lethargy, and ataxia. The disease took an intermittent relapsing course with the neurological signs progressing eventually to recumbancy and coma. At necropsy, numerous cysticerci were found in the dilated left lateral ventricle and the adjacent brain parenchyma. The cysticerci were identified as metacestodes of T. crassiceps larvae based on size and morphology of the cysts; shape, number, and size of the rostellar hooks; and mode of proliferation, including endogenous and exogenous budding. Cerebral cysticercosis by T. crassiceps is rare in atypical intermediate hosts and has not been described in cats. C1 Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Rivertown Anim Hosp, Stillwater, MN 55082 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wunschmann, A (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost Med, 1333 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 15 IS 5 BP 484 EP 488 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 722HB UT WOS:000185368400017 PM 14535554 ER PT J AU Johnson, DJ Ostlund, EN Schmitt, BJ AF Johnson, DJ Ostlund, EN Schmitt, BJ TI Nested multiplex RT-PCR for detection and differentiation of West Nile virus and eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in brain tissues SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB A traditional nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay specific for eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus was designed to multiplex with a previously described West Nile (WN) virus nested RT-PCR assay. Differentiation of EEE and WN was based on base pair size of the amplified product. One hundred fifty-seven mammalian and avian brain tissues were tested by EEE/WN nested multiplex RT-PCR, EEE nested RT-PCR, and WN nested RT-PCR, and results were compared with other diagnostic test results from the same animals. Serological and virus isolation testing confirmed the results of the multiplex PCR assay. When compared with cell culture virus isolation, the multiplex assay was shown to be more sensitive in detecting the presence of EEE or WN virus in brain tissues. The multiplex assay was shown to be sensitive and specific for North American EEE and WN and provided a rapid means of identifying both viruses in brain tissues. No apparent sacrifice in sensitivity was observed in the multiplex procedure compared with the individual EEE and WN nested RT-PCR assays. Data collected from an additional 485 multiplex RT-PCR tests conducted during the summer and fall of 2002 further support the validity of the procedure. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Johnson, DJ (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 15 IS 5 BP 488 EP 493 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 722HB UT WOS:000185368400018 PM 14535555 ER PT J AU Ayllon, MA Gowda, S Satyanarayana, T Karasev, AV Adkins, S Mawassi, M Guerri, J Moreno, P Dawson, WO AF Ayllon, MA Gowda, S Satyanarayana, T Karasev, AV Adkins, S Mawassi, M Guerri, J Moreno, P Dawson, WO TI Effects of modification of the transcription initiation site context on Citrus tristeza virus subgenomic RNA synthesis SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEET YELLOWS CLOSTEROVIRUS; CHLOROTIC-STUNT-VIRUS; TURNIP CRINKLE VIRUS; OPEN READING FRAMES; COAT PROTEIN GENE; MOSAIC-VIRUS; IN-VITRO; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MESSENGER-RNAS; VIRAL-RNA AB Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), a member of the Closteroviridae, has a positive-sense RNA genome of about 20 kb organized into 12 open reading frames (ORFs). The last 10 ORFs are expressed through 3'-coterminal subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs) regulated in both amounts and timing. Additionally, relatively large amounts of complementary sgRNAs are produced. We have been unable to determine whether these sgRNAs are produced by internal promotion from the full-length template minus strand or by transcription from the minus-stranded sgRNAs. Understanding the regulation of 10 sgRNAs is a conceptual challenge. In analyzing commonalities of a replicase complex in producing so many sgRNAs, we examined initiating nucleotides of the sgRNAs. We mapped the 5' termini of intermediate- (CP and p13) and low- (p18) produced sgRNAs that, like the two highly abundant sgRNAs. (p20 and p23) previously mapped, all initiate with an adenylate. We then examined modifications of the initiation site, which has been shown to be useful in defining mechanisms of sgRNA synthesis. Surprisingly, mutation of the initiating nucleotide of the CTV sgRNAs did not prevent sgRNA accumulation. Based on our results, the CTV replication complex appears to initiate sgRNA synthesis with purines, preferably with adenylates, and is able to initiate synthesis using a nucleotide a few positions 5' or 3' of the native initiation nucleotide. Furthermore, the context of the initiation site appears to be a regulatory mechanism for levels of sgRNA production. These data do not support either of the established mechanisms for synthesis of sgRNAs, suggesting that CTV sgRNA production utilizes a different mechanism. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Inst Valenciano Invest Agr, Valencia 46113, Spain. RP Dawson, WO (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. NR 67 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 77 IS 17 BP 9232 EP 9243 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.17.9232-9243.2003 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 712BR UT WOS:000184776800013 PM 12915539 ER PT J AU Maratea, J Ewalt, DR Frasca, S Dunn, JL De Guise, S Szkudlarek, L St Aubin, DJ French, RA AF Maratea, J Ewalt, DR Frasca, S Dunn, JL De Guise, S Szkudlarek, L St Aubin, DJ French, RA TI Evidence of Brucella sp infection in marine mammals stranded along the coast of southern New England SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Phoca vitulina; Brucella sp.; Phoca groenlandica; seal; marine mammal; stranding ID TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; HARBOR SEAL; ANTIBODIES; EXPOSURE AB After recent isolations of Brucella sp. from pinnipeds and cetaceans, a survey was initiated to investigate the prevalence of Brucella sp. infections and serologic evidence of exposure in marine mammals stranded along the coasts of Connecticut and Rhode Island. One hundred and nineteen serum samples from four species of cetaceans and four species of pinnipeds were collected from 1985 to 2000 and tested for antibodies to Brucella sp. using the brucellosis card test, buffered acidified plate antigen test, and rivanol test. In addition, 20 of these were necropsied between 1998 and 2000, with lymphoid and visceral tissues cultured for Brucella sp. Three of 21 (14%) harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and four of 53 (8%) harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) were seropositive. Brucella sp. was isolated from two of four (50%) harbor seals and three of nine (33%) harp seals. Of the five animals with positive cultures, two were seropositive and three seronegative. Brucella sp. was most frequently cultured from the lung and axillary, inguinal, and prescapular lymph nodes. Tissues from which Brucella sp. was isolated showed no gross or histopathologic changes. These results indicate that marine mammals stranded along the coast of southern New England can be exposed to and infected with Brucella sp. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Mystic Aquarium, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. USDA, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Sutton 01590, Surrey, England. RP French, RA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol, 61 N Eagleville Rd,U-89, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 34 IS 3 BP 256 EP 261 DI 10.1638/02-053 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 729EL UT WOS:000185759600005 PM 14582787 ER PT J AU Jennings, MJ Emmons, EE Hatzenbeler, GR Edwards, C Bozek, MA AF Jennings, MJ Emmons, EE Hatzenbeler, GR Edwards, C Bozek, MA TI Is littoral habitat affected by residential development and land use in watersheds of Wisconsin lakes? SO LAKE AND RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquatic habitat; lakes; land use; development; spatial scale; macrophytes; substrate; woody debris ID ABUNDANCE AB We measured differences in nearshore littoral zone habitat among lakes with different amounts of residential development and different patterns of watershed land use. Sampling stations were located at randomly selected sites within the nearshore littoral zone of limnologically similar lakes. An index of development density (based on counts of residential structures) and watershed cover types detected by satellite imagery summarized human influence in the riparian zone and watershed. To compare effects of development at local sites to effects of cumulative development density (structures/km shoreline), we used analysis of covariance. Quantity of woody debris, emergent vegetation and floating vegetation decreased at developed sites and in lakes with greater cumulative lakeshore development density. Littoral sediments contained more fine particles at developed sites and in lakes with greater development density. Sediment composition, quantity of vegetation, and woody debris were weakly associated with differences in watershed land use. Cumulative changes to watersheds and riparian zones are associated with measurable differences in littoral habitat that may not be detectable at smaller scales. For effective conservation, regulatory programs should consider the cumulative effects of development and land use on aquatic systems. C1 Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Integrated Sci Serv, Spooner, WI 54801 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Integrated Sci Serv, Monona, WI 53716 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Biol Resources Div USGS, Wisconsin Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Jennings, MJ (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Integrated Sci Serv, 810 W Maple St, Spooner, WI 54801 USA. NR 22 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 21 PU NORTH AMER LAKE MANAGEMENT SOC PI MADISON PA PO BOX 5443, MADISON, WI 53705-5443 USA SN 1040-2381 J9 LAKE RESERV MANAGE JI Lake Reserv. Manag. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 19 IS 3 BP 272 EP 279 PG 8 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 730CP UT WOS:000185811900009 ER PT J AU Papazisi, L Gorton, TS Kutish, G Markham, PF Browning, GF Nguyen, DK Swartzell, S Madan, A Mahairas, G Geary, SJ AF Papazisi, L Gorton, TS Kutish, G Markham, PF Browning, GF Nguyen, DK Swartzell, S Madan, A Mahairas, G Geary, SJ TI The complete genome sequence of the avian pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain R-low SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID PMGA MULTIGENE FAMILY; ATTACHMENT ORGANELLE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE FAMILY; IN-VIVO; PROTEIN; PNEUMONIAE; IDENTIFICATION; CYTADHERENCE; EXPRESSION AB The complete genome of Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain R-low has been sequenced. The genome is composed of 996 422 bp with an overall G + C content of 31 mol%. It contains 742 putative coding DNA sequences (CDSs), representing a 91 % coding density. Function has been assigned to 469 of the CDSs, while 150 encode conserved hypothetical proteins and 123 remain as unique hypothetical proteins. The genome contains two copies of the rRNA genes and 33 tRNA genes. The origin of replication has been localized based on sequence analysis in the region of the dnaA gene. The vlhA family (previously termed pMGA) contains 43 genes distributed among five loci containing 8, 2, 9, 12 and 12 genes. This family of genes constitutes 10.4% (103 kb) of the total genome. Two CDSs were identified immediately downstream of gapA and crmA encoding proteins that share homology to cytadhesins GapA and CrmA. Based on motif analysis it is predicted that 80 genes encode lipoproteins and 149 proteins contain multiple transmembrane domains. The authors have identified 75 proteins putatively involved in transport of biomolecules, 12 transposases, and a number of potential virulence factors. The completion of this sequence has spawned multiple projects directed at defining the biological basis of M. gallisepticum. C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Excellence Vaccine Res, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Univ Melbourne, Dept Vet Sci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Regulome Corp, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Geary, SJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Excellence Vaccine Res, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. OI Browning, Glenn/0000-0002-0903-2469 NR 64 TC 153 Z9 355 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD SEP PY 2003 VL 149 BP 2307 EP 2316 DI 10.1099/mic.0.26427-0 PN 9 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 721XC UT WOS:000185342900003 PM 12949158 ER PT J AU Erbe, EF Rango, A Foster, J Josberger, EG Pooley, C Wergin, WP AF Erbe, EF Rango, A Foster, J Josberger, EG Pooley, C Wergin, WP TI Collecting, shipping, storing, and imaging snow crystals and ice grains with low-temperature scanning electron mircoscopy SO MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE LA English DT Article DE snow crystal; ice grain; glacier ice; low-temperature scanning electron microscopy; SEM ID MICROSCOPY; BOUNDARIES; GRAUPEL; FIELD; RIME AB Methods to collect, transport, and store samples of snow and ice have been developed that enable detailed observations of these samples with a technique known as low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM). This technique increases the resolution and ease with which samples of snow and ice can be observed, studied, and photographed. Samples are easily collected in the field and have been shipped to the electron microscopy laboratory by common air carrier from distances as far as 5,000 miles. Delicate specimens of snow crystals and ice grains survive the shipment procedures and have been stored for as long as 3 years without undergoing any structural changes. The samples are not subjected to the melting or sublimation artifacts. LTSEM allows individual crystals to be observed for several hours with no detectable changes. Furthermore, the instrument permits recording of photographs containing the parallax information necessary for three-dimensional imaging of the true shapes of snowflakes, snow crystals, snow clusters, ice grains, and interspersed air spaces. This study presents detailed descriptions of the procedures that have been used successfully in the field and the laboratory to collect, ship, store, and image snow crystals and ice grains. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss. Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Electron Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US Geol Survey, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. RP Wergin, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Electron Microscopy Unit, Bldg 177B, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 52 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1059-910X J9 MICROSC RES TECHNIQ JI Microsc. Res. Tech. PD SEP 1 PY 2003 VL 62 IS 1 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.1002/jemt.10383 PG 14 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Biology; Microscopy SC Anatomy & Morphology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA 713YV UT WOS:000184886300003 PM 12938115 ER PT J AU Rehner, SA Buckley, EP AF Rehner, SA Buckley, EP TI Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota : Hypocreales) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE ascomycete; Beauveria bassiana; fungi; Hypocreales; microsatellite; population genetics ID DNA; AGAROSE AB Beauveria bassiana, an entomogenous fungus used for the biological control of pest insects, comprises a globally-distributed species complex of regionally endemic lineages. In order to study the population genetics of B. bassiana, detail species boundaries, conduct ecological studies of natural populations and track fates of experimentally-released strains, sensitive genetic markers are required. We describe the isolation and characterization of eight microsatellite loci that amplify successfully from strains representative of the phylogenetic diversity in the B. bassiana complex. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rehner, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Rm 214,Bldg 011 A,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 38 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD SEP PY 2003 VL 3 IS 3 BP 409 EP 411 DI 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00464.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 719VG UT WOS:000185225300027 ER PT J AU Yang, FX Ventura-Holman, T Waldbieser, GC Lobb, CJ AF Yang, FX Ventura-Holman, T Waldbieser, GC Lobb, CJ TI Structure, genomic organization, and phylogenetic implications of six new VH families in the channel catfish SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evolution; gene rearrangement; immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region multigene family ID VARIABLE REGION LOCUS; HEAVY-CHAIN CDNA; GENE SEGMENTS; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SIGNAL SEQUENCES; IGH LOCUS; EVOLUTION; RECOMBINATION; DIVERSITY AB To define members of previously unknown VH gene families, a channel catfish immunoglobulin heavy chain cDNA library was constructed and screened with probes specific for the seven known catfish VH families. Reiterative screening and sequence studies defined six new VH families, designated VH8-VH13, which brings the total number of VH families in the catfish to 13. This is the highest number of VH families presently defined in a lower vertebrate. Sequence comparisons indicate there is extensive diversity between members of different families with the greatest variability encoded within the complementarity determining regions. Genomic libraries were screened, and germline VH segments representing each of these new families were identified. The VH segments are closely linked and interspersed with members of different VH families. Each of these germline gene segments shared characteristic structural features: an upstream region that contained transcriptional regulatory elements, a leader sequence split by a short intron, an open reading frame encoding readily identified framework and complementarity determining regions, and a terminal recombination signal sequence consisting of a consensus heptamer, a 22-24bp spacer with conserved 5'- and 3'-ends, and a consensus A-rich nonamer. Southern blot analyses estimate the number of members within these new families ranges from small (2-7 members in VH9, VH10, and VH12) to medium (9-13 members in VH8, VH1 1, and VH13). Thus, there are between 165 and 200 germline VH segments represented by these combined 13 families with present analyses indicating that perhaps one-half of these are pseudogenes. Phylogenetic comparisons indicate that members of these different catfish VH families cluster within Groups C and D of vertebrate VH genes. These analyses also indicate that Group D is represented by two different branches and both branches include VH families from different lineages of bony fish that diverged early in vertebrate phylogeny. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Lobb, CJ (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI23052] NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 40 IS 5 BP 247 EP 260 DI 10.1016/S0161-5890(03)00143-3 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 720QV UT WOS:000185272200003 PM 12943797 ER PT J AU Marie, C Deakin, WJ Viprey, V Kopcinska, J Golinowski, W Krishnan, HB Perret, X Broughton, WJ AF Marie, C Deakin, WJ Viprey, V Kopcinska, J Golinowski, W Krishnan, HB Perret, X Broughton, WJ TI Characterization of Nops, nodulation outer proteins, secreted via the type III secretion system of NGR234 SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE legumes; pathogenicity; symbiosis; translocator ID RHIZOBIUM-FREDII USDA257; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; RALSTONIA-SOLANACEARUM; MESORHIZOBIUM-LOTI; MOLECULAR-BASIS; ROOT-NODULES; HRP PILUS; PLASMID; PLANT AB The nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacterium Rhizobium species NGR234 secretes, via a type III secretion system (TTSS), proteins called Nops (nodulation outer proteins). Abolition of TTSS-dependent protein secretion has either no effect or leads to a change in the number of nodules on selected plants. More dramatically, Nops impair nodule development on Crotalaria juncea roots, resulting in the formation of nonfixing pseudonodules. A double mutation of nopX and nopL, which code for two previously identified secreted proteins, leads to a phenotype on Pachyrhizus tuberosus differing from that of a mutant in which the TTSS is not functional. Use of antibodies and a modification of the purification protocol revealed that NGR234 secretes additional proteins in a TTSS-dependent manner. One of them was identified as NopA, a small 7-kDa protein. Single mutations in nopX and nopL were also generated to assess the involvement of each Nop in protein secretion and nodule formation. Mutation of nopX had little effect on NopL and NopA secretion but greatly affected the interaction of NGR234 with many plant hosts tested. NopL was not necessary for the secretion of any Nops but was required for efficient nodulation of some plant species. NopL may thus act as an effector protein whose recognition is dependent upon the hosts' genetic background. C1 Univ Geneva, Lab Biol Mol Plantes Super, CH-1292 Chambesy Geneva, Switzerland. Agr Univ Warsaw, Dept Bot, PL-02528 Warsaw, Poland. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Broughton, WJ (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Lab Biol Mol Plantes Super, 1 Chemin Imperatrice, CH-1292 Chambesy Geneva, Switzerland. EM william.broughton@bioveg.unige.ch RI Kopcinska, Joanna/A-3067-2013; OI Deakin, William James/0000-0001-9338-0791 NR 43 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 16 IS 9 BP 743 EP 751 DI 10.1094/MPMI.2003.16.9.743 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 714YQ UT WOS:000184943000001 PM 12971597 ER PT J AU Shim, WB Dunkle, LD AF Shim, WB Dunkle, LD TI CZK3, a MAP kinase kinase kinase homolog in Cercospora zeae-maydis, regulates cercosporin biosynthesis, fungal development, and pathogenesis SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE pathogenicity; signaling ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; USTILAGO-MAYDIS; FISSION YEAST; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; FILAMENTOUS GROWTH; SIGNALING PATHWAY; GENE-CLUSTER; KIKUCHII AB The fungus Cercospora zeae-maydis causes gray leaf spot of maize and produces cercosporin, a photosensitizing perylenequinone with toxic activity against a broad spectrum of organisms. However, little is known about the biosynthetic pathway or factors that regulate cercosporin production. Analysis of a cDNA subtraction library comprised of genes that are up-regulated during cercosporin synthesis revealed a sequence highly similar to mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in other fungi. Sequencing and conceptual translation of the full-length genomic sequence indicated that the gene, which we designated CZK3, contains a 4,119-bp open reading frame devoid of introns and encodes a 1,373-amino acid sequence that is highly similar to Wis4, a MAP kinase kinase kinase in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Targeted disruption of CZK3 suppressed expression of genes predicted to participate in cercosporin biosynthesis and abolished cercosporin production. The disrupted mutants grew faster on agar media than the wild type but were deficient in conidiation and elicited only small chlorotic spots on inoculated maize leaves compared with rectangular necrotic lesions incited by the wild type. Complementation of disruptants with the CZK3 open reading frame and flanking sequences restored wild-type levels of conidiation, growth rate, and virulence as well as the ability to produce cercosporin. The results suggest that cercosporin is a virulence factor in C. zeae-maydis during maize pathogenesis, but the pleiotropic effects of CZK3 disruption precluded definitive conclusions. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Dunkle, LD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 62 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 16 IS 9 BP 760 EP 768 DI 10.1094/MPMI.2003.16.9.760 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 714YQ UT WOS:000184943000003 PM 12971599 ER PT J AU Ashfield, T Bocian, A Held, D Henk, AD Marek, LF Danesh, D Penuela, S Meksem, K Lightfoot, DA Young, ND Shoemaker, RC Innes, RW AF Ashfield, T Bocian, A Held, D Henk, AD Marek, LF Danesh, D Penuela, S Meksem, K Lightfoot, DA Young, ND Shoemaker, RC Innes, RW TI Genetic and physical localization of the soybean Rpg1-b disease resistance gene reveals a complex locus containing several tightly linked families of NBS-LRR genes SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE RPM1 ID ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME LIBRARY; CYST-NEMATODE RESISTANCE; NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING SITE; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; AVIRULENCE GENES; DNA MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; CLUSTER; RECOMBINATION AB Alleles or tightly linked genes at the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) Rpg1 locus confer resistance to strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea that express the avirulence genes avrB or avrRpm1. We have previously mapped Rpg1-b (the gene specific for avrB) to a cluster of resistance genes (R genes) with diverse specificities in molecular linkage group F. Here, we describe the high-resolution physical and genetic mapping of Rpg1-b to a 0.16-cM interval encompassed by two overlapping BAC clones spanning approximately 270 kilobases. Rpg1-b is part of a complex locus containing numerous genes related to previously characterized coiled coil-nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (CC-NBS-LRR)type R genes that are spread throughout this region. Phylogenetic and Southern blot analyses group these genes into four distinct subgroups, some of which are conserved in the common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, indicating that this R gene cluster may predate the divergence of Phaseolus and Glycine. Members from different subgroups are physically intermixed and display a high level of polymorphism between soybean cultivars, suggesting that this region is rearranging at a high frequency. At least five CC-NBS-LRR-type genes cosegregate with Rpg1-b in our large mapping populations. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Gen Agr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Innes, RW (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RI Innes, Roger/A-5244-2010; Penuela, Silvia/A-6961-2010; OI Penuela, Silvia/0000-0003-4829-5517; Lightfoot, David/0000-0002-5725-4381 NR 51 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 16 IS 9 BP 817 EP 826 DI 10.1094/MPMI.2003.16.9.817 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 714YQ UT WOS:000184943000009 PM 12971605 ER PT J AU De Koker, TH Nakasone, KK Haarhof, J Burdsall, HH Janse, BJH AF De Koker, TH Nakasone, KK Haarhof, J Burdsall, HH Janse, BJH TI Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Phanerochaete inferred from the internal transcribed spacer region SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID APHYLLOPHORALES; FUNGI; DNA; BASIDIOMYCOTA; SEQUENCES; INFERENCE; TAXONOMY; TESTS AB Phanerochaete is a genus of resupinate homobasidiomycetes that are saprophytic on woody debris and logs. Morphological studies in the past indicated that Phanerochaete is a heterogeneous assemblage of species. In this study the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA was used to test the monophyly of the genus Phanerochaete and to infer phylogenetic relationships of the 24 taxa studied. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses do not support the monophyly of the genus. However, a core group of species represented by Phanerochaete velutina, P. chrysosporium, P. sordida, P. sanguinea and others are closely related and group together in a clade. Other common Phanerochaete species including Phanerochaete rimosa, P. chrysorhiza, P. omnivora, P. avellanea, P. tuberculata, P. flava, and P. allantospora, however, do not cluster with the core Phanerochaete group. C1 Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Microbiol, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. USDA, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Nampak Grp R&D, Cape Town, South Africa. Mondi Forests, ZA-3200 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. RP De Koker, TH (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Microbiol, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa. NR 40 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 107 BP 1032 EP 1040 DI 10.1017/S0953956200827X PN 9 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 734MT UT WOS:000186060400006 PM 14563129 ER PT J AU Nagahashi, G Douds, DD AF Nagahashi, G Douds, DD TI Action spectrum for the induction of hyphal branches of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus: exposure sites versus branching sites SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BLUE-LIGHT RECEPTORS; GROWTH; PLANTS; SPORES; GENE AB The first action spectrum for a photo-induced response of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is reported. At low light intensity, the responsive wavelengths for light-induced hyphal branching of the primary germ tube of Gigaspora gigantea were determined to be in the blue to uv-A range. The action spectrum showed the greatest stimulation of branching occurred around 390 nm although a shoulder was observed between 360-370 nm. A second major peak of light-induced branching occurred at 430 nm. The exposure of specific areas of the germ tube to high intensity blue light for a short period led to several interesting observations. By exposing 2 turn segments (0-2, 2-4, 4-6, etc.) or 3 mm segments away from the tip, it was determined that photoinduction of hyphal branches could occur anywhere along the axis of a growing germ tube except in the apical 2 mm. When 3 mm segments were exposed at greater distances from the tip (6-9, 9-12, and up to 33-36 mm), branches frequently formed in areas not directly exposed to light. The branches were usually in clusters which were spaced approximately 3 or 6 mm apart. Since light scattering could be ruled out, these results indicated that the exposure sites and sites of hyphal branching did not necessarily coincide and suggested the probable involvement of a second messenger during this blue light-induced event. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Nagahashi, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 107 BP 1075 EP 1082 DI 10.1017/S0953756203008232 PN 9 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 734MT UT WOS:000186060400012 PM 14563135 ER PT J AU Cahoon, EB Hall, SE Ripp, KG Ganzke, TS Hitz, WD Coughlan, SJ AF Cahoon, EB Hall, SE Ripp, KG Ganzke, TS Hitz, WD Coughlan, SJ TI Metabolic redesign of vitamin E biosynthesis in plants for tocotrienol production and increased antioxidant content SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNECHOCYSTIS SP PCC-6803; CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HOMOGENTISATE PHYTYLTRANSFERASE; TOCOPHEROL BIOSYNTHESIS; ALPHA-TOCOTRIENOL; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; GENE-TRANSFER; ARABIDOPSIS; ACID; IDENTIFICATION AB Tocotrienols are the primary form of vitamin E in seeds of most monocot plants, including cereals such as rice and wheat. As potent antioxidants, tocotrienols contribute to the nutritive value of cereal grains in human and livestock diets. cDNAs encoding homogentisic acid geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT), which catalyzes the committed step of tocotrienol biosynthesis, were isolated from barley, wheat and rice seeds. Transgenic expression of the barley HGGT in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves resulted in accumulation of tocotrienols, which were absent from leaves of nontransformed plants, and a 10- to 15-fold increase in total vitamin E antioxidants (tocotrienols plus tocopherols). Overexpression of the barley HGGT in corn seeds resulted in an increase in tocotrienol and tocopherol content of as much as six-fold. These results provide insight into the genetic basis for tocotrienol biosynthesis in plants and demonstrate the ability to enhance the antioxidant content of crops by introduction of an enzyme that redirects metabolic flux. C1 DuPont Co Inc, Expt Stn, Pioneer Hi Bred, Crop Genet Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Cahoon, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danfort Plant Sci Ctr, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. NR 41 TC 177 Z9 203 U1 3 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1082 EP 1087 DI 10.1038/nbt853 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 716VV UT WOS:000185051000042 PM 12897790 ER PT J AU Zhang, AJ Oliver, JE Chauhan, K Zhao, BG Xia, LQ Xu, ZC AF Zhang, AJ Oliver, JE Chauhan, K Zhao, BG Xia, LQ Xu, ZC TI Evidence for contact sex recognition pheromone of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae) SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article ID MALE CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; HILARIS PASCOE COLEOPTERA; SPOTTED LONGICORN BEETLE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; MOTSCHULSKY; COMPONENTS; ESTERS AB Field observations of the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) mating behavior in China suggested that a female-produced contact pheromone was almost certainly involved in sex recognition. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of A. glabripennis adults' whole body cuticular extracts indicates that a series of long-chain hydrocarbons comprise the cuticular waxes of both sexes. Although for the most part the GC profiles are similar for the two sexes, five monounsaturated compounds were consistently more abundant in samples from females than in those from males. These compounds were identified as (Z)-9-tricosene, (Z)-9-pentacosene, (Z)-7-pentacosene, (Z)-9-heptacosene, and (Z)-7-heptacosene in the approximate ratio of 1:2:2:8:1, respectively. Antennal and palpi contact to a polypropylene micro-centrifuge tube coated with a synthetic mixture of the five compounds stimulated copulatory behavior in males. C1 ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Nanjing Forestry Univ, Coll Forest Resources & Environm, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. Beijing Forestry Univ, Coll Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, AJ (reprint author), ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 48 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0028-1042 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD SEP PY 2003 VL 90 IS 9 BP 410 EP 413 DI 10.1007/s00114-003-0452-1 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 723HZ UT WOS:000185428100005 PM 14504784 ER PT J AU Cantuti-Castelvetri, I Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA AF Cantuti-Castelvetri, I Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA TI Dopamine neurotoxicity: age-dependent behavioral and histological effects SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Article DE dopamine toxicity; neurodegeneration; psychomotor performance; motor behavior; oxidative stress; aging ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; NEURONAL DEGENERATION; RECEPTOR PROTEINS; SPATIAL MEMORY; AGING MOUSE AB The oxidative stress (OS) theory has implicated the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both aging and age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases. The dopaminergic system is particularly vulnerable to ROS, and dopamine (DA) itself can be an endogenous source of ROS. The present study evaluated the hypothesis that DA-induced toxicity is age-dependent, and tested the behavioral and histological correlates of DA neurotoxicity in aging. Young (6 months) and middle-aged (15 months) rats were chronically treated with DA in the substantia nigra (SN, 1 mumol/2 mul vehicle per side/day/5 days) and were subsequently examined for changes in motor function and histology. The neurotoxic effect of DA treatment was an age-dependent effect, as middle-aged animals that received DA infusions in the SN were more impaired than their age-matched controls, especially on tasks that involved greater sensory-motor coordination, whereas young animals that received DA behaved similarly to their age-matched controls. The behavioral effects noted were accompanied by a loss of the tyrosine hydroxylase phenotype in substantia nigra. However, selective neurodegeneration was not noted in the SN of the treated animals, nor was a selective iron deposition noted at the site of injection. These results suggest that a neurochemical deficit and not cell loss per se within the nigrostriatal system underlies the motor behavioral deficits observed in the middle-aged rats. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Room 919,711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 68 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD SEP PY 2003 VL 24 IS 5 BP 697 EP 706 AR PII S0197-4580(02)00186-0 DI 10.1016/S0197-4580(02)00186-0 PG 10 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 709PA UT WOS:000184632500008 PM 12885577 ER PT J AU Runion, GB AF Runion, GB TI Climate change and plant pathosystems - future disease prevention starts here SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material DE climate change; plant pathogen; Stylosanthes scabra; anthracnose; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ENRICHMENT C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Runion, GB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 159 IS 3 BP 531 EP 533 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00868.x PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 709GA UT WOS:000184616400001 ER PT J AU Bernacchi, CJ Calfapietra, C Davey, PA Wittig, VE Scarascia-Mugnozza, GE Raines, CA Long, SP AF Bernacchi, CJ Calfapietra, C Davey, PA Wittig, VE Scarascia-Mugnozza, GE Raines, CA Long, SP TI Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance responses of poplars to free-air CO2 enrichment (PopFACE) during the first growth cycle and immediately following coppice SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE); atmospheric change; climate change; elevated CO2; Rubisco; photosynthetic electron transport; Populus spp ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; LIQUIDAMBAR-STYRACIFLUA L.; SPRUCE PICEA-SITCHENSIS; RISING ATMOSPHERIC CO2; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; GAS-EXCHANGE; BIOMASS ACCUMULATION; NITROGEN NUTRITION; USE EFFICIENCY; ACCLIMATION AB Using the Poplar Free Air CO2 Enrichement (PopFACE) facility we investigated the effects of elevated [CO2] on the diurnal and growth cycle responses of photosynthesis and conductance in three poplar species. In situ diurnal measurements of photosynthesis were made on Populus alba, P. nigra and P. xeuramericana and, in parallel, in vivo maximum capacity for carboxylation (V-c,V-max) and maximum rates of electron transport (J(max)) were determined by gas exchange measurement. Light saturated (A(sat)) and daily integrated (A ') photosynthesis increased at elevated [CO2] in all species. Elevated [CO2] decreased V-c,V-max and J(max) for P. nigra and J(max) for P. $euramericana but had no effect on stomatal conductance in any of the species throughout the first growth cycle. During post-coppice re-growth, elevated [CO2] did not increase A(sat) in P. nigra and P. xeuramericana due to large decreases in V-c,V-max and J(max). A 50% increase in [CO2] under these open-air field conditions resulted in a large and sustained increase in A(sat). Although there were some differences between the species, these had little effect on photosynthetic rates at the growth [CO2]. Nevertheless the results show that even fast growing trees grown without rooting volume restriction in the open may still show some down-regulation of photosynthetic potential at elevated [CO2]. C1 ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Environm & Resources DISAFRI, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. Univ Essex, Dept Biol Sci, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. RP Bernacchi, CJ (reprint author), ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Long, Stephen/A-2488-2008; Calfapietra, Carlo/E-2269-2015; OI Long, Stephen/0000-0002-8501-7164; Bernacchi, Carl/0000-0002-2397-425X NR 61 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 6 U2 35 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 159 IS 3 BP 609 EP 621 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00850.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 709GA UT WOS:000184616400009 ER PT J AU Ponder, F AF Ponder, F TI Ten-year results of tree shelters on survival and growth of planted hardwoods SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE artificial regeneration; green ash; black walnut; northern red oak; tree tubes AB The performance of planted northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), black walnut (Juglans nigra L.), and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.), with and without tree shelters, was evaluated 10 yr after planting. Northern red oak was planted in three harvested forest openings, and black walnut and green ash were planted in a cultivated field. Survival of northern red oak with tree shelters was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than northern red oak without shelters only for year 3. Survival differences between tree shelter treatments for black walnut and green ash were not significant. However, overall survival of green ash declined rapidly after year 5. Trees began to exit the 120-cm-tall shelters after 2 yr, but not in large numbers until the fourth year. Sheltered oaks were significantly taller than unsheltered oaks at year 10, and sheltered oaks had more height growth than unsheltered oaks at year 5, but not at year 10. Except for year 1, neither height nor height growth for black walnut was significantly different between tree shelter treatments. Green ash was taller and had more height growth with shelters than without shelters in year 1, but had more height growth without shelters than with shelters in year 5. Diameter growth at breast height did not differ between treatments for any of the three species. The greater height of sheltered northern red oaks compared to unsheltered northern red oaks could increase the opportunity of sheltered oaks to achieve dominant and codominant positions in the developing stands. C1 Lincoln Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Res Stn, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. RP Ponder, F (reprint author), Lincoln Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Res Stn, 208 Foster Hall, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 20 IS 3 BP 104 EP 108 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 722DA UT WOS:000185359100002 ER PT J AU Sanscrainte, CL Peterson, DL McKay, S AF Sanscrainte, CL Peterson, DL McKay, S TI Carbon storage and soil properties in late-successional and second-growth subalpine forests in the North Cascade Range, Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; DOUGLAS-FIR; CLEAR-CUT; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; OLYMPIC-MOUNTAINS; SITE PREPARATION; WESTERN HEMLOCK; BOREAL FOREST; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT AB We compared soil carbon (C) and soil chemical characteristics between late-successional subalpine forests and adjacent regenerating clearcuts (20-40 yr post harvest) that received different logging residue treatments (burned vs. unburned) at four sites in the North Cascade Range of Washington. Carbon storage in the 0 horizon and mineral soil, C concentration, and soil chemical properties in the mineral soil and spodic horizons were compared between forests and clearcuts, and between burned and un-burned clearcuts. Mean carbon storage was 131.3 Mg ha(-1) in clearcuts and 95.4 Mg ha(-1) in forests. Mean C concentration was 55.3 g kg(-1) in unburned clearcuts and 45.1 g kg(-1) in burned clearcuts. Several soil chemical properties were correlated with C concentrations, although causation of patterns was difficult to infer. Calcium (Ca) concentration was significantly higher in mineral soils of clearcuts than in uncut forests, with unburned clearcuts having the highest Ca concentration. This is a potentially important change in chemical cycling, because subalpine soils have low cation content. Clearcut logging may affect post-harvest soil C storage and other soil properties on a temporary basis, but with the exception of Ca, no long-term effects were apparent at these sites. Post-harvest burning appeared to have a minimal effect 20-40 yr following logging. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Peterson, DL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 400 N 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. EM peterson@fs.fed.us NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 77 IS 4 BP 297 EP 307 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 754EF UT WOS:000187289200003 ER PT J AU Bull, EL AF Bull, EL TI Diet and prey availability of Columbia spotted frogs in Northeastern Oregon SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RANA-PRETIOSA; LUTEIVENTRIS AB Baseline information on the diet and prey availability of Columbia spotted frogs is lacking from most of the species range. Diet was determined from June through October 2002 for 296 frogs in northeastern Oregon. Number of prey items, diet composition, and biomass indices were compared by sex, size classes, water type (ponds versus rivers), month, and study site. Available invertebrates were determined from sticky traps and dip netting in ponds and rivers. A total of 1,299 prey items were identified with an average of 4.4 prey items in each sample (range = 0 - 28). A wide variety of prey were identified including 33 families from 20 orders of invertebrates with only 3 orders representing greater than or equal to 10% of the composition: beetles (21%), ants/wasps (21%), and flies (10%). Only 14% of the prey were in the larval stages. Female frogs ate about 60% more biomass than males of the same size, presumably because of their need to produce eggs. Biomass of mate frog diet samples were greater in rivers than in ponds with a higher percentage of stoneflies, water striders, and beetles. Frogs actively foraged all summer with the highest biomass in September and the lowest in July. Over the summer, composition of spiders, beetles, and flies decreased, while true bugs and ants/wasps increased in the diet. Among study sites, ants/wasps were most abundant at the higher elevations. A higher proportion of invertebrates occurred in the larger sizes in the diet compared with samples of available invertebrates. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Bull, EL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FAL PY 2003 VL 77 IS 4 BP 349 EP 356 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 754EF UT WOS:000187289200008 ER PT J AU Stout, WL Sharpley, AN Weaver, SR AF Stout, WL Sharpley, AN Weaver, SR TI Effect of amending high phosphorus soils with flue-gas desulfurization gypsum on plant uptake and soil fractions of phosphorus SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE eutrophication; flue gas desulfurization (FGD); gypsum; water quality ID COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS; FLY-ASH; AMENDMENTS; DRAINAGE; EXPORT; WATER AB Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum, a coal combustion by-product, can be used to decrease water- extractable soil P, thereby lowering the potential for P export to surface waters. This decrease results from a conversion of loosely bound inorganic P (IP) which is readily desorbable to water, to less soluble Al- and Fe-bound IP and, to a lesser extent, calcium-bound IP pools. Although this conversion has little effect on predictors of plant-available soil P (e.g., Mehlich-3 P), little is known about the plant uptake of P over several growth cycles after high P soils are amended with FGD. In a greenhouse experiment, we measured P uptake by ryegrass ( Lolium perenne) using a modified Stanford - Dement procedure ( three growth cycles), and the extent to which IP was being removed from 21 each soil IP fraction (Hedley fractionation), for three soils treated with FGD gypsum ( equivalent to 22.4 Mg ha(-1)). Treatment with FGD decreased water extractable soil P 38 to 57%, but had little effect on Mehlich-3 soil P. During the first growth cycle, the shift from resin IP to less available Al, Fe, and Ca IP remained stable. Repeated growth cycles of ryegrass removed resin IP and thus, had a continued effect on lowering water- extractable P. After three growth cycles and harvests, ryegrass dry-matter production was not affected by FGD treatment (P > 0.05), although cumulative P uptake (20%) and P concentration of ryegrass tops (25%) were greater in FGD treated than untreated soils. Our results confirm that treatment of high P soils with FGD gypsum decreases water- extractable P by conversion to soil IP fractions that are stable with time, does not decrease plant production, and suggests that the potential for P export in surface runoff may be reduced for several years. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Stout, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 67 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1023/A:1025163319889 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 711JY UT WOS:000184736900003 ER PT J AU Koenig, WD Kelly, D Sork, VL Duncan, RP Elkinton, JS Peltonen, MS Westfall, RD AF Koenig, WD Kelly, D Sork, VL Duncan, RP Elkinton, JS Peltonen, MS Westfall, RD TI Dissecting components of population-level variation in seed production and the evolution of masting behavior SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL COASTAL CALIFORNIA; PREDATOR SATIATION; WIND POLLINATION; ACORN PRODUCTION; DISPERSAL; ECOLOGY; TREES; OAKS; VARIABILITY; SYNCHRONY AB Mast-fruiting or masting behavior is the cumulative result of the reproductive patterns of individuals within a population and thus involves components of individual variability, between-individual synchrony, and endogenous cycles of temporal autocorrelation. Extending prior work by Herrera, we explore the interrelationships of these components using data on individual seed production in 59 populations of plants from 24 species spanning a large range of annual variability, from species exhibiting strong masting to others with little annual variability in seed production. Estimates of population and individual variability were not biased by sample size or average overall seed production when based on untransformed seed production values, but these values declined as log-transformed seed production increased. Population variability was more strongly correlated with individual variability (r = 0.86) than individual synchrony (r = 0.73). These latter two components were also significantly correlated (r = 0.45), but randomizations confirm that they need not covary closely. Thus, selection can act separately on inter-annual variability and between-individual synchrony. We illustrate the potential for such fine-tuned selection on seed production patterns by discussing several examples and by demonstrating significant differences in components of population-level variation in seed production among species related to their life-history. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Hastings Reservat, Carmel Valley, CA 93924 USA. Univ Canterbury, Dept Plant & Microbial Sci, Christchurch 8001, New Zealand. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Organism Biol Ecol & Evolut, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Lincoln Univ, Ecol & Entomol Grp, Canterbury, New Zealand. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Inst Forest Genet, PSW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Koenig, WD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Hastings Reservat, 38601 E Carmel Valley Rd, Carmel Valley, CA 93924 USA. RI Koenig, Walter/A-5509-2009; Kelly, Dave/A-6129-2013; Duncan, Richard/E-7899-2013; OI Koenig, Walter/0000-0001-6207-1427; Kelly, Dave/0000-0002-9469-2161; Duncan, Richard/0000-0003-2295-449X; Westfall, Bob/0000-0002-8315-3322 NR 34 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD SEP PY 2003 VL 102 IS 3 BP 581 EP 591 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12272.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 715DP UT WOS:000184955500014 ER PT J AU Allen, PC AF Allen, PC TI Dietary supplementation with Echinacea and development of immunity to challenge infection with coccidia SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AVIAN COCCIDIOSIS; MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION; NATURAL-KILLER; PURPUREA; CHICKENS; MICE AB An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary supplementation with 0.1% and 0.5% ground root preparations of Echinacea purpurea (EP; common name: purple cone flower) on the development of immunity following live vaccination and subsequent challenge with multiple coccidia species in an experimental model using a commercial live vaccine preparation. Effects of immunization and EP supplementation on weight gains before challenge, and weight gains, lesion scores and plasma levels of carotenoids and NO2-+NO3- following challenge were determined. In this experiment, combined live vaccination and feed supplementation with 0.1% or 0.5% EP during the first 2 weeks of life provided significant weight gain advantage compared to live vaccination alone. This advantage persisted through 2 weeks of EP withdrawal and subsequent challenge infection. EP supplementation also significantly lowered total lesion scores but did not significantly modify the effects of vaccination and challenge on plasma carotenoids or NO2-+NO3-. C1 ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Allen, PC (reprint author), ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, USDA, Bldg 1040,Room 103,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 91 IS 1 BP 74 EP 78 DI 10.1007/s00436-003-0938-y PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 715RA UT WOS:000184985000013 PM 12898224 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH AF Ziska, LH TI The impact of nitrogen supply on the potential response of a noxious, invasive weed, Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) to recent increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED CO2; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; GROWTH-RESPONSE; PLANTS; C-3; ENRICHMENT; ENVIRONMENT; LEAVES; FIELD; WHEAT AB A recognized invasive weed, Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense L. Scop.) was grown at ambient and pre-ambient concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide [CO2] ( 373 and 287 mmol mol(-1), respectively) at three levels of supplemental nitrogen (N) (3, 6 and 14.5 mM) from seeding until flowering [77 days after sowing (DAS)]. The primary objective of the study was to determine if N supply limited the potential photosynthetic and growth response of this species to the increase in atmospheric [CO2] which occurred during the 20th century (i.e. approximately 290 to 370 mumolmol(-1) CO2). Leaf photosynthesis increased both as a function of growth [CO2] and N supply during the first 46 DAS. Although by 46 DAS photosynthetic acclimation was observed relative to a common measurement CO2 concentration, there was no interaction with N supply. Both [CO2] and N increased biomass, relative growth rates and leaf area whereas root : shoot ratio was increased by CO2 and decreased by increasing N; however, N supply did not effect the relative response to [CO2] for any measured vegetative parameter up to 77 DAS. Due to the relative stimulation of shoot biomass, total above-ground N increased at elevated [CO2] for all levels of supplemental N, but nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) did not differ as a function of [CO2]. Overall, these data suggest that any potential response to increased atmospheric [CO2] in recent decades for this noxious weedy species was probably not limited by nitrogen supply. C1 ARS, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), ARS, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, USDA, Bldg 001,Room 343,10300 Balitmore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD SEP PY 2003 VL 119 IS 1 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.00163.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 717FX UT WOS:000185077100013 ER PT J AU Scott, DJ da Costa, BMT Espy, SC Keasling, JD Cornish, K AF Scott, DJ da Costa, BMT Espy, SC Keasling, JD Cornish, K TI Activation and inhibition of rubber transferases by metal cofactors and pyrophosphate substrates SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Hevea brasiliensis; Parthenium argentatum; Ficus elastica; rubber transferase; rubber particles; cis-prenyl transferase; magnesium; manganese; zinc; calcium; FPP; IPP; activation; inhibition ID DEHYDRODOLICHYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM GRAY; AVIAN LIVER PRENYLTRANSFERASE; 1'-4 COUPLING REACTION; PRODUCT CHAIN-LENGTH; HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS; CIS-PRENYLTRANSFERASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; FICUS-ELASTICA AB Metal cofactors are necessary for the activity of alkylation by prenyl transfer in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Rubber transferase (RuT, a cis-prenyl transferase) associated with purified rubber particles from Hevea brasiliensis, Parthenium argentatum and Ficus elastica can use magnesium and manganese interchangably to achieve maximum velocity. We define the concentration of activator required for maximum velocity as [A](max). The [A](max)(Mg2+) in F. elastica (100 mM) is 10 times the [A](max)(Mg2+) for either H. brasiliensis (10 mM) or P. argentatum (8 mM). The [A](max)(Mg2+) in F. elastica (11 mM), H. brasiliensis (3.8 mM) and P. argentatum (6.8 mM) and the [A](max)(Mg2+) in H. brasiliensis (10 mM) and P. argentatum (8 mM) are similar. The differences in [A](max)(Mg2+) correlate with the actual endogenous Mg2+ concentrations in the latex of living plants. Extremely low Mn2+ levels in vivo indicate that Mg2+ is the RuT cofactor in living H. brasiliensis and F. elastica trees. Kinetic analyses demonstrate that FPP-Mg2+ and FPP-Mn2+ are active substrates for rubber molecule initiation, although free FPP and metal cations, Mg2+ and Mn2+, can interact independently at the active site with the following relative dissociation constants K-d(FPP) < K-d(FPP-Metal) < K-d(E-Metal). Similarly, IPP-Mg2+ and IPP-Mn2+ are active substrates for rubber molecule polymerization. Although metal cations can interact independently at the active site with the relative dissociation constant K-d(IPP-Metal) < K-d(E-Metal), unlike FPP, IPP alone does not interact independently. All three RuTs have similar characteristics-indeterminate sized products, high K-m(IPP), high metal [A](max), metal cofactor requirements, and are membrane-bound enzymes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cornish, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012; Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088; NR 58 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD SEP PY 2003 VL 64 IS 1 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00266-8 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 722JY UT WOS:000185373000011 PM 12946411 ER PT J AU Johnson, EL Saunders, JA Mischke, S Helling, CS Emche, SD AF Johnson, EL Saunders, JA Mischke, S Helling, CS Emche, SD TI Identification of Erythroxylum taxa by AFLP DNA analysis SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Erythroxylum coca var. coca; Erythroxylum coca var. ipadu; Erythroxylum novogranatense var. novogranatense; Erythroxylum novogranatense var. truxillense; Erythroxylaceae; coca; drug crops; DNA fingerprinting; amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP); cocaine; alkaloids; flavonoids ID CHEMOTAXONOMIC MARKERS; SOUTH-AMERICAN; COCA LEAVES; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; ALKALOID CONTENT; AMAZONIAN COCA; FLAVONOIDS; CINNAMOYLCOCAINE; LEAF; L. AB Erythroxylum coca, indigenous to the Andean region of South America, is grown historically as a source of homeopathic medicine. However, in the last century, cultivation of E. coca and several closely-related species for the production of illicit cocaine has become a major global problem. Two subspecies, E. coca var. coca and E. coca var. ipadu, are almost indistinguishable phenotypically; a related cocaine-bearing species also has two subspecies (E. novogranatense var. novogranatense and E. novogranatense var. truxillense) that are phenotypically similar, but morphologically distinguishable. The purpose of this research was to discover unique AFLP DNA patterns ("genetic fingerprinting") that characterize the four taxa and then, if successful, to evaluate this approach for positive identification of the various species of coca. Of seven different AFLP primer pairs tested, a combination of five proved optimal in differentiating the four taxa as well as a non-cocaine-bearing species, E. aerolatum. This method of DNA fragment separation was selective, and faster, for coca identification, compared with analyses based on flavonoid chemotaxonomy. Using the 5-primer AFLP approach, 132 known and unknown coca leaf accessions were evaluated. Of these, 38 were collected in 1997-2001 from illicit coca fields in Colombia, and all were genetically differentiated from coca originating in Peru and Bolivia. Based on the DNA profiling, we believe that the Colombian coca now represents a hybridization of E. coca var. ipadu. Geographical profiling within Colombia also seems feasible as new coca production areas are developed or new types of coca are introduced within traditional growing areas. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Johnson, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD SEP PY 2003 VL 64 IS 1 BP 187 EP 197 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00206-1 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 722JY UT WOS:000185373000017 PM 12946417 ER PT J AU Mahoney, N Lardner, R Molyneux, RJ Scott, ES Smith, LR Schoch, TK AF Mahoney, N Lardner, R Molyneux, RJ Scott, ES Smith, LR Schoch, TK TI Phenolic and heterocyclic metabolite profiles of the grapevine pathogen Eutypa lata SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Vitis vinifera; Vitaceae; grapes; Eutypa lata; dying-arm disease; dieback; eutyposis; vine decline; bioassay ID TOXIN EUTYPINE; F TUL; DIEBACK; CALIFORNIA; TRANSPORT; STRAINS; DISEASE; CELLS; FUNGI; PERS AB The ascomycete Eutypa lata is the causative agent of eutypa dieback in grapevines, a serious economic problem in major wine grape producing areas. In order to develop a predictive, non-destructive assay for early detection of fungal infection, the phenolic metabolite profiles of 11 strains of E. lata grown on four different artificial growth media were analyzed by HPLC and their variability compared with growth on Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine wood and wood extracts. Six compounds were generally produced in significant amounts, namely eutypinol, eulatachromene, and eutypine and its benzofuran cyclization product, together with siccayne and eulatinol. The two most widely distributed and abundant metabolites were eutypinol and eulatachromene, which were present in 8 of the strains grown on grapewood aqueous extract fortified with sucrose. Metabolite production on grapevine extract was greatly enhanced relative to the artificial media, indicating that this native substrate provides optimal conditions and a more representative profile of the metabolites produced in the natural disease state. The primary metabolites were tested in a grapeleaf disc bioassay to establish their relative toxicity. Neither eutypinol nor siccayne were phytotoxic; eulatachromene, eulatinol, eutypine, and the benzofuran exhibited necrotic effects in the bioassay. The results indicate that eutypa dieback may be caused by several E. lata metabolites rather than a single compound. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Adelaide, Dept Appl & Mol Ecol, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia. Univ Adelaide, CRCV, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia. RP Molyneux, RJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Scott, Eileen/G-3777-2010 NR 31 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD SEP PY 2003 VL 64 IS 2 BP 475 EP 484 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00337-6 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 723FM UT WOS:000185421800015 PM 12943765 ER PT J AU Upper, CD Hirano, SS Dodd, KK Clayton, MK AF Upper, CD Hirano, SS Dodd, KK Clayton, MK TI Factors that affect spread of Pseudomonas syringae in the phyllosphere SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL PLANT-PATHOGENS; PV SYRINGAE; BROWN SPOT; EPIPHYTIC BACTERIA; BEAN-PLANTS; POPULATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISPERSAL; DISEASE; LEMA AB Successful spread of an organism to a new habitat requires both immigration to and growth on that habitat. Field experiments were conducted to determine the relative roles of dispersal (i.e., immigration) and bacterial multiplication in spread of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae in the phyllosphere. To study spread, individual plots consisted of three nested concentric squares with the inner 6 m(2) planted to snap beans serving as the sink. Each sink, in turn, was surrounded by a barrier zone, usually 6 m wide, which was surrounded by a 6-m-wide source area. The source areas were planted with snap bean seeds inoculated with doubly marked strains derived from wild-type P. syringae pv. syringae B728a. The treatments were designed to test the effects of the nature and width of the barrier zone and suitability of the habitat in the sinks on spread of P. syringae pv. syringae. The marked strains introduced into the source areas at the time of planting were consistently detected in sink areas within a day or two after emergence of bean seedlings in the sources as assessed by leaf imprinting and dilution plating. The amounts of spread (population sizes of the marked strain in sinks) across barrier zones planted to snap bean (a suitable habitat for growth of P. syringae pv. syringae), soybean (not a favorable habitat for P. syringae pv. syringae), and bare ground were not significantly different. Thus, the nature of the barrier had no measurable effect on spread. Similarly, spread across bare-ground barriers 20 in wide was not significantly different from that across barriers 6 m wide, indicating that distance on this scale was not a major factor in determining the amount of spread. The suitability of the sink for colonization by P. syringae pv. syringae had a measurable effect on spread. Spread to sinks planted to clean seed was greater than that to sinks planted with bean seeds inoculated with a slurry of pulverized brown spot diseased bean leaves, sinks planted 3 weeks before sources, and sinks planted to a snap bean cultivar that does not support large numbers of P. syringae pv. syringae. Based of these results, we conclude that the small amount of dispersal that occurred on the scale studied was sufficient to support extensive spread, and suitability of the habitat for multiplication of P. syringae pv. syringae strongly influenced the amount of spread. C1 USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Dis Resistance Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Upper, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 93 IS 9 BP 1082 EP 1092 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.9.1082 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 714YX UT WOS:000184943800003 PM 18944091 ER PT J AU Yu, Q Alvarez, AM Moore, PH Zee, F Kim, MS de Silva, A Hepperly, PR Ming, R AF Yu, Q Alvarez, AM Moore, PH Zee, F Kim, MS de Silva, A Hepperly, PR Ming, R TI Molecular diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum isolated from ginger in Hawaii SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterial wilt; phylogeny ID BLOOD-DISEASE BACTERIUM; PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM; GENETIC DIVERSITY; AFLP MARKERS; STRAINS; SYZYGII; DNA AB The genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum strains isolated from ginger (Zingiber officinale) growing on the island of Hawaii was determined by analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Initially 28 strains of R. solanacearum collected from five host plant species worldwide were analyzed by AFLP. A second analysis was conducted on 55 R. solonacearum strains collected from three ginger farms along the Hamakua Coast of Hawaii, the principle area of ginger cultivation in the state. From the initial analysis, R. solanacearum strains from ginger in Hawaii showed a high degree of similarity at 0.853. In contrast, the average genetic similarity between R. solanacearum strains from heliconia and ginger was only 0.165, and strains from ginger showed little similarity with strains from all other hosts. The second analysis of 55 strains from ginger on different Hawaiian farms confirmed that they were distinct from race I strains from tomato. Strains from ginger also showed greater diversity among themselves in the second analysis, and the greatest diversity occurred among strains from a farm where ginger is frequently imported and maintained. Our results provide evidence that R. solanacearum strains from ginger in Hawaii are genetically distinct from local strains from tomato (race 1) and heliconia (race 2). C1 Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Mol Biosci & Biosyst Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Ming, R (reprint author), Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 93 IS 9 BP 1124 EP 1130 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.9.1124 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 714YX UT WOS:000184943800008 PM 18944096 ER PT J AU Cadle-Davidson, L Schindelbeck, RR van Es, HM Gray, SM Bergstrom, GC AF Cadle-Davidson, L Schindelbeck, RR van Es, HM Gray, SM Bergstrom, GC TI Using air pressure cells to evaluate the effect of soil environment on the transmission of soilborne viruses of wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bymovirus; Furovirus; soil ecology; soil microbiology ID STREAK MOSAIC-VIRUS; RED WINTER-WHEAT; POLYMYXA-GRAMINIS; NEW-YORK; ZOOSPORES; YIELD AB An air pressure cell, a laboratory tool that precisely controls soil matric potential, was utilized in a novel approach to investigate the epidemiology and management of soilborne disease. Matric potentials of -1, -5. -20. and -40 kPa were established in cores of field soil infested with Wheat soilborne mosaic virus (WSBMV) and its presumed vector Polymyxa graminis. Equilibrated soil cores were planted to wheat (Triticum aestivum), and after intervals of growth under controlled environment, virus transmission was assessed by serological detection of the virus in washed roots. Transmission occurred at all but the driest soil matric potential tested. -40 kPa, in which only pores with a diameter of 7.4 mum or less were water-filled, possibly obstructing movement of P. graminis zoospores. By starting plants at -40 kPa for 10.5 days and then watering them to conducive matric potential, we found that WSBMV transmission occurred between 12 to 24 It at 15degreesC, and within 36 h at 20degreesC. No significant transmission occurred within 96 It at 6.5degreesC. In contrast, transmission of Wheat spindle streak mosoic virus (WSSMV) did not occur at 15degreesC (the only transmission temperature tested), suggesting either that WSSMV is unable to establish infection at 15degreesC or that a different vector is involved. The air pressure cell is a novel tool with many potential applications in research on the epidemiology and management of soilborne pathogens. Applications of the precise environmental control attained through the use of air pressure cells range from assessing the effects of cultural practices on soilborne inoculum to standardized virulence assays for soilborne pathogens to preliminary screens of host resistance and pesticide efficacy. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Bergstrom, GC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 93 IS 9 BP 1131 EP 1136 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.9.1131 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 714YX UT WOS:000184943800009 PM 18944097 ER PT J AU Adhikari, TB Anderson, JM Goodwin, SB AF Adhikari, TB Anderson, JM Goodwin, SB TI Identification and molecular mapping of a gene in wheat conferring resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetic mapping; host-pathogen interaction; major gene; Triticum aestivum ID SEPTORIA-TRITICI BLOTCH; SPECKLED LEAF BLOTCH; WINTER-WHEAT; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; HOST CULTIVARS; SPRING WHEAT; BREAD WHEAT; INHERITANCE; VIRULENCE; DISEASES AB Septoria tritici leaf blotch (STB), caused by the ascomycete Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici), is an economically important disease of wheat. Breeding for resistance to STB is the most effective means to control this disease and can be facilitated through the use of molecular markers. However, molecular markers linked to most genes for resistance to STB are not yet available. This study was conducted to test for resistance in the parents of a standard wheat mapping population and to map any resistance genes identified. The population consisted of 130 F-10 recombinant-inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between the synthetic hexaploid wheat W7984 and cv. Opata 85. Genetic analysis indicated that a single major gene controls resistance to M. graminicola in this population. This putative resistance gene is now designated Stb8 and was mapped with respect to amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellite markers. An AFLP marker, EcoRI-ACG/MseI-CAG5, was linked in repulsion with the resistance gene at a distance of approximately 5.3 centimorgans (cM). Two flanking microsatellite markers, Xgwm146 and Xgwm577, were linked to the Stb8 gene on the long arm of wheat chromosome 7B at distances of 3.5 and 5.3 cM, respectively. The microsatellite markers identified in this study have potential for use in marker-assisted selection in breeding programs and for pyramiding of Stb8 with other genes for resistance to M. graminicola in wheat. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Goodwin, SB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 52 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 2003 VL 93 IS 9 BP 1158 EP 1164 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.9.1158 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 714YX UT WOS:000184943800013 PM 18944101 ER EF