FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU CHITWOOD, DJ LUSBY, WR AF CHITWOOD, DJ LUSBY, WR TI STEROL COMPOSITION OF THE CORN ROOT LESION NEMATODE, PRATYLENCHUS-AGILIS, AND CORN ROOT CULTURES SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE CORN; LESION NEMATODE; LIPID; MAIZE; NEMATODE; PRATYLENCHUS-AGILIS; STEROL; ZEA-MAYS ID CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; PANAGRELLUS-REDIVIVUS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; METABOLISM; 4-ALPHA-METHYLSTEROLS; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Sterols from mixed stages of the corn root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus agilis, and uninfected corn root cultures were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twenty-eight sterols were identified in P. agilis, including 9 not previously detected in nematodes. The major sterols were 24-ethylcholest-22-enol, 24-ethylcholesta-5,22-dienol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethylcholestanol, isofucostanol, and 24-ethylcholesterol. The principal corn root sterols were 24-ethylcholesta-5,22-dienol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-ethylcholesterol, isofucosterol, and cycloartenol. Therefore, the major metabolic transformation of sterols by P. agilis was saturation of the sterol nucleus. In addition, very small amounts of 4-alpha-methylsterols were biosynthesized by P. agilis. The 4-methylation pathway is unique to nematodes and was previously demonstrated only in free-living Rhabditida. The sterol composition of P. agilis is remarkably different from that of other nematodes in its very small relative percentage of cholesterol (0.4% of the total nematode sterol). C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INSECT HORMONE LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP CHITWOOD, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, NEMATOL LAB, BLDG 467, BARC-E, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, ACCT# 141866, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 58 IS 1 BP 43 EP 50 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA EZ670 UT WOS:A1991EZ67000009 ER PT J AU SAYRE, RM WERGIN, WP NISHIZAWA, T STARR, MP AF SAYRE, RM WERGIN, WP NISHIZAWA, T STARR, MP TI LIGHT AND ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF A BACTERIAL PARASITE FROM THE CYST NEMATODE, HETERODERA-GLYCINES SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; SOIL BACTERIUM; PASTEURIA SPP; SOYBEANS; MORPHOLOGY; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM); TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (TEM) ID MAX L MERR; BACILLUS-PENETRANS; ICHINOHE AB The host range and morphology of a mycelial and endospore-forming bacterium (CNP) that parasitizes the cyst nematode, Heterodera elachista, differentiates it from 2 related species, Pasteuria penetrans and Pasteuria thornei, parasites of Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus spp., respectively. In cross-inoculation experiments with the 3 bacteria, the CNP parasitized the nematodes Heterodera glycines and Globodera rostochiensis but not species in either Meloidogyne or Pratylenchus. The rhomboidal shape of the sporangia of Pasteuria thornei distinguishes this species from the other 2 bacteria, which have cup-shaped sporangia. The results of the cross-inoculation studies and differences in the fine structure of the cup-shaped sporangia suggest that CNP should be assigned to a new species with the genus Pasteuria. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NATL INST AGROENVIRONM SCI,NEMATOL LAB,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT MICROBIOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP SAYRE, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 58 IS 1 BP 69 EP 81 PG 13 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA EZ670 UT WOS:A1991EZ67000012 ER PT J AU SPANGLER, HG BUCHMANN, SL AF SPANGLER, HG BUCHMANN, SL TI EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON WINGBEAT FREQUENCY IN THE SOLITARY BEE CENTRIS-CAESALPINIAE (ANTHOPHORIDAE, HYMENOPTERA) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Note AB The wingbeat frequencies of male Centris caesalpiniae flying over an aggregated nest emergence site were recorded at 30 min intervals for 4 hr. During the recording period the ambient temperature rose from 18.8 to 32.3-degrees-C. The data showed a slight negative correlation with temperature, a phenomenon previously noted in large social bees. This suggests that these solitary bees, unlike many flying insects, do not increase their wingbeat frequency as temperature increases. RP SPANGLER, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 64 IS 1 BP 107 EP 109 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FV024 UT WOS:A1991FV02400014 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, NJ BRISTOW, CM AYERS, GS SIMMONS, GA AF CAMPBELL, NJ BRISTOW, CM AYERS, GS SIMMONS, GA TI DESIGN AND FIELD-TEST OF PORTABLE COLONIES OF THE PREDACEOUS ANT, FORMICA-EXSECTOIDES (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID RED WOOD ANT; OBSCURIPES; MANITOBA C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP CAMPBELL, NJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 64 IS 1 BP 116 EP 120 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FV024 UT WOS:A1991FV02400017 ER PT J AU NAKAHARA, S AF NAKAHARA, S TI 2 NEW SPECIES OF CALIOTHRIPS (THYSANOPTERA, THRIPIDAE) AND A KEY TO THE NEARCTIC SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Two new species of Caliothrips, C. floridensis and C. multistriatus, are described from the United States. Caliothrips insularis (Hood) is a new record for the United States. A key is provided for ten Nearctic species. RP NAKAHARA, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 99 IS 1 BP 97 EP 103 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY054 UT WOS:A1991EY05400004 ER PT J AU GRABBER, JH JUNG, GA AF GRABBER, JH JUNG, GA TI INVITRO DISAPPEARANCE OF CARBOHYDRATES, PHENOLIC-ACIDS, AND LIGNIN FROM PARENCHYMA AND SCLERENCHYMA CELL-WALLS ISOLATED FROM COCKSFOOT SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE STRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATES; PARA-COUMARIC ACID; FERULIC ACID; LIGNIN; INVITRO DISAPPEARANCE; PARENCHYMA; SCLERENCHYMA; CELL WALL; DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA; RUMINANT NUTRITION ID DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; FLACCIDGRASS PLANT-PARTS; RUMEN MICROORGANISMS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; LEAF CHARACTERISTICS; GRASS TILLER; DEGRADATION; DIGESTION; LEGUME; STRAW AB Insight into the structure and digestion of the cell-wall matrix may be gained by studying the in-vitro disappearance (IVD) of constituents from cell types which are contained in forage fibre. The objective of this study was to determine the IVD of neutral sugars, uronic acids, esterified phenolic acids, and lignin from parenchyma and sclerenchyma walls isolated from the plant parts of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L). Cell walls were incubated in a rumen fluid-buffer medium for 0, 12 or 96 h. The chemical composition, apparent digestion and IVD of constituents varied considerably within and between cell types. Parenchyma had higher arabinose to xylose and ferulic acid to p-coumaric acid ratios and lower lignin concentrations than sclerenchyma. The apparent digestion of parenchyma was 240% greater at 12 h and 20% greater at 96 h than that of sclerenchyma. The IVD of cell-wall constituents from parenchyma ranged from 12 to 80% at 12 h and 46 to 99% at 96 h. The IVD of constituents from sclerenchyma was lower than that from parenchyma, ranging from 5 to 50% at 12 h and 47 to 89% at 96 h. Across all cell types, IVD was usually greatest for ferulic acid and lowest for lignin. These findings indicate that the differential loss of constituents from fibre is due in part to differential loss of constituents from both fast and slowly digested cell types. Ferulic acid was the most uniformly removed constituent across cell types. This suggests that ferulic acid is associated with regions of the cell-wall matrix which change little between cell types relative to structural carbohydrates and other lignins. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,UNIV PK,PA 16802. USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PY 1991 VL 57 IS 3 BP 315 EP 323 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740570303 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GX924 UT WOS:A1991GX92400002 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, AD WANG, PC ELSASSER, TH AF MITCHELL, AD WANG, PC ELSASSER, TH TI DETERMINATION OF FAT AND WATER-CONTENT INVITRO AND INVIVO BY PROTON NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE BODY WATER; BODY FAT; NMR; MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MICE; PORK TISSUE ID BODY-COMPOSITION; NMR AB Proton NMR spectroscopy was performed on a series of pork samples containing varying proportions of fat and muscle and on a series of control and obese mice. Initial measurements were made using a 0.5 T (21 MHz) whole body imaging system and the results were expressed as the ratio of water and lipid hydrogen peak areas. With pork samples the NMR results correlated well with per cent water or lipid in the tissue (r = 0.99 for 20- and 50-g samples). For the mice the correlation between per cent water or lipid in the body and the NMR measurement was 0.92. Subsequent measurements were made using a 4.7 T (200 MHz) imaging/spectrometer from which separate integral values were obtained for the water and lipid hydrogen peaks. The separation of the water and lipid peaks was 3.5 ppm. For pork samples measured with the 4.7 T system the correlation between the peak area and the amount of water or lipid in the sample was 0.997 with the standard error of the estimate being +/- 0.72 g for water and +/- 1.00 g for lipid. NMR imaging was used to determine the relative amount of fat and muscle in a cross-section of a control and an obese rat. C1 HOWARD UNIV HOSP,DEPT RADIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20060. RP MITCHELL, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PY 1991 VL 56 IS 3 BP 265 EP 276 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740560303 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GP493 UT WOS:A1991GP49300002 ER PT J AU JUNG, HJG RALPH, J HATFIELD, RD AF JUNG, HJG RALPH, J HATFIELD, RD TI DEGRADABILITY OF PHENOLIC-ACID HEMICELLULOSE ESTERS - A MODEL SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE FERULIC ACID; PARA-COUMARIC ACID; XYLAN; CELL WALL; DEGRADATION ID LIGNIN-CARBOHYDRATE COMPLEXES; CELL-WALL; DIGESTIBILITY; DIGESTION; FIBER; STRAW AB A synthetic model system containing p-coumaric and ferulic acids esterified to hemicellulose was used to study polysaccharide degradability. Oatspelts xylan was fractionated into A(linear), B(linear) and B(branched) fractions prior to synthetic esterification with phenolic acids at treatment concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g phenolic acid per kg hemicellulose. Concentrations of phenolic acids esterified to the hemicellulose fractions were determined by alkaline hydrolysis. In-vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and degradability of hemicellulose neutral sugars were measured after 48 h ruminal fermentations. Esterification efficiency of the phenolic acids to the hemicellulose fractions was low (0.3 to 13.9%) and greater for p-coumaric than ferulic acid (4.7 vs 3.1%, respectively). Concentration of esterified phenolic acids was negatively correlated with IVDMD for the A(linear) and B(branched) fractions. Ferulic acid appeared to be more inhibitory to IVDMD than p-coumaric acid. Generally the degradability of the side chain sugars of the hemicellulose fractions was negatively correlated with esterified phenolic acid concentrations. Xylose degradation was only correlated with esterified ferulic acid level in the A(linear) fraction. The in-vitro ruminal fermentations resulted in the degradation of the majority of the phenolic acid esters. Analysis of the synthetic phenolic acid-hemicellulose esters by C-13 NMR and FTIR was unable to prove the presence of monomeric phenolic acid esters. The presence of phenolic acid polyesters was unlikely because of the solubility of the synthetic phenolic acid-hemicellulose esters. The neutral sugar degradation data suggest that esterification of the phenolic acids was limited to sugars with primary hydroxyl groups. While this model system was useful for studying cell wall degradation, future studies must employ model systems in which the chemical constituents being tested accurately model those found in nature. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ANIM SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP JUNG, HJG (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PY 1991 VL 56 IS 4 BP 469 EP 478 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740560407 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GQ360 UT WOS:A1991GQ36000006 ER PT J AU AKIN, DE RIGSBY, LL HANNA, WW GATES, RN AF AKIN, DE RIGSBY, LL HANNA, WW GATES, RN TI STRUCTURE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF TISSUES IN NORMAL AND BROWN MIDRIB PEARL-MILLET (PENNISETUM-GLAUCUM) SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE PENNISETUM-GLAUCUM; LIGNIN; PHENOLICS; HISTOCHEMISTRY; FORAGE; DIGESTION ID CELL-WALLS; ZEA-MAYS; SORGHUM; MUTANT; MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY AB The tissues in leaf blades, midribs, sheaths and stems of normal (N), 5848, and two brown midrib (bmr) mutants, 5753 and 5778, of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R Br) were examined for structural characteristics related to digestibility. The anatomies of the various plant parts were not substantially different between N and bmr plants. The more rigid, lignified tissues such as vascular bundles in all plant parts and the rind of stems were not digested after incubation for 7 days in N or bmr plants, indicating that modifications in these tissues were not sufficient to affect biodegradation. Modifications in the digestible tissues resulted in faster and more extensive degradation in bmr plants, and these changes appear to be the most significant in relation to biodegradation. The parenchyma of midveins and stems, which occupies c 70 and 60% of the cross-sectional area of these respective parts, were the sites where modification in phenolics resulted in the greatest improvement in digestibility. C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS EXPT STN,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP AKIN, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PY 1991 VL 56 IS 4 BP 523 EP 538 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740560412 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GQ360 UT WOS:A1991GQ36000011 ER PT J AU HARTLEY, RD MORRISON, WH AF HARTLEY, RD MORRISON, WH TI MONOMERIC AND DIMERIC PHENOLIC-ACIDS RELEASED FROM CELL-WALLS OF GRASSES BY SEQUENTIAL TREATMENT WITH SODIUM-HYDROXIDE SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; TALL FESCUE; CYNODON-DACTYLON; COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS; CELL WALLS; P-COUMARIC ACID; FERULIC ACID; SUBSTITUTED ID PARA-COUMAROYL; ARABINOXYLAN OLIGOSACCHARIDES; BIODEGRADABILITY; POLYSACCHARIDES; IDENTIFICATION; DIGESTIBILITY; CONSTITUENTS; COMPONENTS; BAGASSE; LIGNIN AB Cell walls of tall fescue Festuca arundinacea Schreb and coastal bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon L Pers were treated sequentially with increasing concentrations of sodium hydroxide (0.1 M to 10 M) to release monomeric and dimeric phenolic acids. (E)-p-Coumaric and (E)-ferulic acids were the major monomers released. Most of the saponifiable feruloyl groups (97% for tall fescue, 89% for coastal bermudagrass) were released with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide. Much lower proportions of saponifiable p-coumaroyl groups (67% for tall fescue, 46% for coastal bermudagrass) were released with this treatment. The major dimers from both grasses were 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-truxillic, 4,4'-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-alpha-truxillic, and 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-alpha-truxillic acids, and were mainly released with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide. Similar proportions of the monomers and dimers were released from the cell walls of each grass with the 0.1 M and 1 M sodium hydroxide sequential treatments. It is probable that most if not all of the monomers and dimers released by the sequential alkali treatments were originally ester linked to the cell walls. If it is assumed that the cell wall bound dimers are formed photochemically from p-coumaroyl and feruloyl groups during plant growth, it is calculated that, for the two grasses, between 12 and 17% of the monomer units were converted to dimers. RP USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 22 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-5142 EI 1097-0010 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PY 1991 VL 55 IS 3 BP 365 EP 375 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740550305 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA GB592 UT WOS:A1991GB59200004 ER PT J AU WALLIN, JR WIDSTROM, NW FORTNUM, BA AF WALLIN, JR WIDSTROM, NW FORTNUM, BA TI MAIZE POPULATIONS WITH RESISTANCE TO FIELD CONTAMINATION BY AFLATOXIN-B1 SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE PLANT RESISTANCE; MYCOTOXINS; CORN; PLANT BREEDING ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS AB Maize (Zea mays L) germplasm is needed with resistance to infection by Aspergillus flavus and/or subsequent contamination by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). A select group of maize populations were evaluated for their resistance to AFB1 contamination at three locations. Four populations (Ibadan B and three others derived from crosses between Corn Belt inbreds and diploid perennial teosinte, Zea diploperennis) were compared with a susceptible hybrid check in a randomised complete block experiment with 10 replicates in Georgia, Missouri and South Carolina for two years. Ears were not inoculated, and naturally occurring concentrations of AFB1 in harvested grain were analysed for population differences. Ibadan B and Mo20W x Z diploperennis had significantly lower average amounts of AFB1, 19-mu-g kg-1 and 18-mu-g kg-1, respectively, than other test entries. Backcrossing to susceptible Corn Belt inbreds produced populations as susceptible as the check when resistance was measured as the concentrations of AFB1 in the grain. The consistency and significance of low AFB1 concentrations for Ibadan B and Mo20W x Z diploperennis suggest that these may be useful sources of resistance. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. PEE DEE RES & EDUC CTR,FLORENCE,SC 29503. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PY 1991 VL 54 IS 2 BP 235 EP 238 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740540209 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FA040 UT WOS:A1991FA04000008 ER PT J AU FONG, CH HASEGAWA, S HERMAN, Z OU, P AF FONG, CH HASEGAWA, S HERMAN, Z OU, P TI BIOSYNTHESIS OF LIMONOID GLUCOSIDES IN LEMON (CITRUS-LIMON) SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE LIMONOID; LIMONOID GLUCOSIDES; CITRUS; LEMON; BITTERNESS AB TLC analyses of lemon (Citrus limon (L) Burm f) fruit at various stages of maturity showed that limonoid glucosides were synthesised during the late stages of fruit growth. No limonoid glucosides were found in the stem and leaf. Use of radioactive tracers showed that C-14-nomilin was converted to C-14-nomilin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside in fruit tissues and seeds. Glucosides are indeed the major end products of limonoid metabolism. RP FONG, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PY 1991 VL 54 IS 3 BP 393 EP 398 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740540310 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FF411 UT WOS:A1991FF41100009 ER PT J AU FRANKEL, EN AF FRANKEL, EN TI RECENT ADVANCES IN LIPID OXIDATION SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE LIPIDS; FREE RADICAL AUTOXIDATION; HYDROPEROXIDES; PHOTOSENSITIZED OXIDATION; ALDEHYDES; VOLATILES; LINOLENATE; CYCLIZATION; EPIDIOXIDES; TOCOPHEROL; CAROTENE; ANTIOXIDANTS; MALONALDEHYDE; DIMERIZATION; TRIGLYCERIDES; TRILINOLEIN; TRILINOLENIN; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; STABILITY; SENSORY; FLAVOR SIGNIFICANCE; FLAVOR REVERSION; SENSORY ASSESSMENT; ALDEHYDES; VEGETABLE OILS ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS; METHYL LINOLEATE HYDROPEROXIDES; FATTY-ACID AUTOXIDATION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOYBEAN OIL; AUTOXIDIZED FATS; PHOTOSENSITIZED OXIDATION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB In a major pathway of the autoxidation of methyl linolenate, peroxyl radicals of the internal hydroperoxides undergo rapid 1,3-cyclisation to form hydroperoxyepidioxides. Because linolenate hydroperoxides are relatively unstable, free radical antioxidants are much less effective in linolenate oils than in linoleate oils. Tocopherols and carotenoids effectively inhibit photosensitised oxidation of vegetable oils. Direct gas chromatographic analyses of malonaldehyde do not correlate with the TBA test. Model fluorescence studies indicate that malonaldehyde may not be so important in crosslinking with DNA. In contrast to oxidised methyl linoleate, oxidised trilinolein does not form dimers. Although trilinolein oxidises with no preference between the 1(3)- and 2-triglyceride positions, the n-3 double bond of trilinolenin oxidises more in the 1(3)- than in the 2-position. Synthetic triglycerides oxidise in the following decreasing relative rates: LnLnL, LnLLn, LLnL, LLLn (Ln = linolenic and L = linoleic). To estimate the flavour impact of volatile oxidation products their relative threshold values must be considered together with their relative concentration in a given fat. C1 USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP FRANKEL, EN (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI Frankel, Edwin/G-1200-2011 NR 63 TC 341 Z9 350 U1 11 U2 69 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PY 1991 VL 54 IS 4 BP 495 EP 511 DI 10.1002/jsfa.2740540402 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FK567 UT WOS:A1991FK56700001 ER PT J AU GLAHN, RP BEERS, KW BOTTJE, WG WIDEMAN, RF HUFF, WE THOMAS, W AF GLAHN, RP BEERS, KW BOTTJE, WG WIDEMAN, RF HUFF, WE THOMAS, W TI AFLATOXICOSIS ALTERS AVIAN RENAL-FUNCTION, CALCIUM, AND VITAMIN-D METABOLISM SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID WHITE LEGHORN PULLETS; INFECTIOUS-BRONCHITIS VIRUS; HIGH DIETARY CALCIUM; KIDNEY-FUNCTION; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; BROILER-CHICKENS; OCHRATOXIN-A; CITRININ; UROLITHIASIS; EXCRETION AB Experiments were designed to determine the effects of aflatoxicosis on avian renal function, calcium (CA), inorganic phosphorous (P(i)), and vitamin D metabolism, and to determine if the effects of aflatoxin are reversible upon discontinuation of toxin administration. Three-week-old male broiler chickens (n = 12 per treatment) received aflatoxin (AF; 2 mg/kg po) or an equal volume of corn oil, the AF carrier vehicle, for 10 consecutive days. After 10 d of treatment, half of the birds from each treatment group were anesthetized and prepared for renal function analysis, which included a 2-h phosphate loading period. Ten days after discontinuation of AF treatment, the remaining birds in each treatment group were anesthetized and prepared for renal function analysis. AF decreased plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] levels after 5 d of treatment. After 10 d of treatment, urine flow rate (V), fractional sodium excretion (FENa), and fractional potassium excretion (FEK) were lower in AF-treated birds. In addition, total plasma Ca tended to be lower (p = .10) and fractional Ca excretion (FECa) tended to be higher (p = .10) in the AF-treated birds. Intravenous phosphate loading produced a sharp increase in urine hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]) in the AF-treated birds. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was reduced and plasma osmolality was increased in AF-treated birds 10 d after discontinuation of toxin administration. The results indicate that AF directly or indirectly affects Ca and P(i) metabolism in avians. At the present time, the effects may be related to altered vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) metabolism. Aflatoxicosis may decrease endogenous PTH synthesis and the renal sensitivity to PTH. The AF-related increase in urine [H+] during phosphate loading is probably due to increased Na+/H+ counterport, suggesting that AF stimulates sodium reabsorption. Also, the decrease in GFR exhibited 10 d after toxin removal indicates that AF may cause prolonged alteration in renal function. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT ANIM & POULTRY SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,UNIV PK,PA 16802. USDA ARS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. LITTLE ROCK MED SCH,DEPT PEDIAT,LITTLE ROCK,AR. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R29GM38612] NR 31 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 309 EP 321 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA GP978 UT WOS:A1991GP97800003 PM 1942121 ER PT J AU FEDERSPIEL, MJ CRITTENDEN, LB PROVENCHER, LP HUGHES, SH AF FEDERSPIEL, MJ CRITTENDEN, LB PROVENCHER, LP HUGHES, SH TI EXPERIMENTALLY INTRODUCED DEFECTIVE ENDOGENOUS PROVIRUSES ARE HIGHLY EXPRESSED IN CHICKENS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIAN-LEUKOSIS VIRUS; MOLONEY LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; GERM LINE; CHROMOSOMAL POSITION; RETROVIRAL GENOMES; MICE; INSERTION; GENES; ACTIVATION; INFECTION C1 NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,ABL BASIC RES PROGRAM,POB B,FREDERICK,MD 21702. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL & PUBL HLTH,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA ARS,REG POULTRY RES LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-74101] NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 65 IS 1 BP 313 EP 319 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA EM926 UT WOS:A1991EM92600038 PM 1845892 ER PT J AU LINHART, SB BLOM, FS DASCH, GJ ROBERTS, JD ENGEMAN, RM ESPOSITO, JJ SHADDOCK, JH BAER, GM AF LINHART, SB BLOM, FS DASCH, GJ ROBERTS, JD ENGEMAN, RM ESPOSITO, JJ SHADDOCK, JH BAER, GM TI FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF BAITS FOR ORAL RABIES VACCINATION OF RACCOONS (PROCYON-LOTOR) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE BAIT PREFERENCE; CAPTIVITY TRIALS; ORAL DELIVERY; PROCYON-LOTOR; RABIES; RACCOONS; RECOMBINANT; TASTE; VACCINE ID IMMUNIZATION; FOXES AB Captive raccoons were offered a variety of vaccine containers and bait components in a series of three-choice tests. Paraffin wax ampules were the most readily accepted vaccine container. Preferred bait components included corn and shellfish oils, deep fried corn meal batter, and egg, apple and buttermilk flavorings. These results, together with factors including ease of bait formulation, cost, and suitability for field use, were used to develop an experimental delivery system for an oral rabies vaccine. The developed system was composed of a polyurethane sleeve (1.5 x 5.5 cm) dipped in a commercial food batter mix together with corn meal, milk and egg. The sleeve was deep fried in corn oil and a 2.0 ml ampule containing a recombinant rabies vaccine was then inserted into the sleeve bait. These baits were presented to 10 captive raccoons. Nine of the 10 animals developed high levels of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies. Field tests are needed to determine if the delivery system developed also is effective for wild raccoons. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LINHART, SB (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,SCI & TECHNOL ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,POB 25266,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 1 BP 21 EP 33 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EW549 UT WOS:A1991EW54900004 PM 2023324 ER PT J AU WINDBERG, LA ENGEMAN, RM BROMAGHIN, JF AF WINDBERG, LA ENGEMAN, RM BROMAGHIN, JF TI BODY SIZE AND CONDITION OF COYOTES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE BODY CONDITION; BODY LENGTH; BODY MASS; CANIS-LATRANS; COYOTE; FAT INDEXES ID MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS AB Body size and condition of coyotes (Canis latrans) from a high-density population in Webb County, Texas (USA) were analyzed for age, sex and seasonal differences during 1980 to 1986. Mean body mass was progressively greater for juvenile, yearling and adult coyotes. Males were heavier and longer than females in each age class. Indices of intraperitoneal fat deposits were similar between sexes. Juveniles continued growth from fall to spring. Adults and yearlings both lost intraperitoneal fat overwinter. Mean body mass of adults decreased overwinter but mass of yearlings did not differ significantly between fall and spring. Territorial and transient female coyotes did not differ in mean body mass, length or indices of subcutaneous fat deposits. C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER,CO 80225. RP WINDBERG, LA (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,319 STOWE ST,LAREDO,TX 78041, USA. RI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/B-5058-2009 OI Bromaghin, Jeffrey/0000-0002-7209-9500 NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EW549 UT WOS:A1991EW54900007 PM 2023327 ER PT J AU STALLKNECHT, DE SENNE, DA ZWANK, PJ SHANE, SM KEARNEY, MT AF STALLKNECHT, DE SENNE, DA ZWANK, PJ SHANE, SM KEARNEY, MT TI AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUSES FROM MIGRATING AND RESIDENT DUCKS IN COASTAL LOUISIANA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS; SURVEY; PREVALENCE; DUCKS; SEROTYPES; ISOLATES ID INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; DOMESTIC POULTRY; FERAL BIRDS; WATERFOWL; ORTHOMYXOVIRUSES; SURVEILLANCE; OUTBREAK; JAPAN AB Cloacal and tracheal swabs were collected from 1,409 hunter-killed ducks in Cameron Parish, Louisiana, during the 1986 and 1987 waterfowl seasons. Thirty avian paramyxoviruses (PMV's) were isolated from 605 blue-winged teal (Anas discors), 75 mottled ducks (A. fulvigula), 375 gadwalls (A. strepera), 334 green-winged teal (A. crecca), and 20 mallards (A. platyrhynchos). Prevalence of PMV decreased (P = 0.042) from September (4%) through November (2%) to December and January (1%). Juveniles had a higher prevalence of PMV (P < 0.0001) than adults. An isolate from resident mottled ducks documents transmission of PMV's on the coastal wintering areas of Louisiana. The four serotypes isolated, PMV-1, PMV-4, PMV-6, and PMV-8, were typical of PMV's commonly associated with free-living waterfowl. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & COMMUNITY HLTH,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY WILDLIFE & FISHERIES,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. NR 24 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 1 BP 123 EP 128 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EW549 UT WOS:A1991EW54900020 PM 2023311 ER PT J AU SNYDER, DE HAMIR, AN NETTLES, VF RUPPRECHT, CE AF SNYDER, DE HAMIR, AN NETTLES, VF RUPPRECHT, CE TI LESIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PULMONARY PARASITES IN BOBCATS (FELIS-RUFUS) FROM ARKANSAS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE PARAGONIMUS-KELLICOTTI; TREMATODE; FILAROIDES-ROSTRATUS; NEMATODE; BOBCAT; FELIS-RUFUS; PULMONARY PATHOLOGY; CASE REPORT AB Two of five bobcats (Felis rufus) from southwestern Arkansas had natural pulmonary infections of Paragonimus kellicotti and Filaroides rostratus. Pairs of P. kellicotti were found in spherical cyst-like structures approximately 1 cm in diameter. Filaroides rostratus were seen as serpentine pale white areas on the pleural surface and also firmly embedded in fibrous capsules in the pulmonary parenchyma. Histologic lesions associated with the presence of these parasites consisted primarily of a verminous bronchitis. Clinical signs or compromised pulmonary function were not associated with these infections. C1 UNIV PENN,NEW BOLTON CTR,SCH VET MED,KENNETT SQ,PA 19348. SE COOPERAT WILDLIFE DIS STUDY,ATHENS,GA 30602. WISTAR INST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP SNYDER, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM PARASITE RES LAB,POB 952,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 1 BP 170 EP 174 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EW549 UT WOS:A1991EW54900031 PM 2023320 ER PT J AU SNYDER, DE HAMIR, AN HANLON, CA RUPPRECHT, CE AF SNYDER, DE HAMIR, AN HANLON, CA RUPPRECHT, CE TI LUNG LESIONS IN AN OPOSSUM (DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA) ASSOCIATED WITH CAPILLARIA-DIDELPHIS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE CAPILLARIA-DIDELPHIS; NEMATODE; OPOSSUM; DIDELPHIS-VIRGINIANA; PATHOLOGY; PULMONARY; VIRGINIA; CASE REPORT AB An opossum (Didelphis virginiana) live-trapped on Parramore Island, Virginia was infected with the lung parasite Capillaria didelphis. Lung lesions associated with this parasite were extensive and consisted of numerous areas with central necrosis deep within the parenchyma. Necrotic foci were present around airways and consisted of a mixture of inflammatory cells and cellular debris, adult nematodes and many bipolar eggs. This parasite causes severe verminous pneumonia in the opossum. C1 UNIV PENN,NEW BOLTON CTR,SCH VET MED,KENNETT SQ,PA 19348. WISTAR INST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP SNYDER, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM PARASITE RES LAB,POB 952,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 1 BP 175 EP 177 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EW549 UT WOS:A1991EW54900032 PM 2023321 ER PT J AU MERTINS, JW SCHLATER, JL AF MERTINS, JW SCHLATER, JL TI EXOTIC ECTOPARASITES OF OSTRICHES RECENTLY IMPORTED INTO THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE OSTRICH PARASITES; HIPPOBOSCIDAE; LOUSE FLY; STRUTHIOBOSCA-STRUTHIONIS; IXODID TICKS; AMBLYOMMA SPP; HAEMAPHYSALIS-PUNCTATA; HYALOMMA SPP; RHIPICEPHALUS-TURANICUS; SURVEY AB Eleven species of ectoparasitic arthropods were collected and identified from ostriches (Struthio camelus) recently imported into the United States from Africa and Europe. Four of these species are reported from ostriches for the first time. The parasites included adult hippoboscid flies (Struthiobosca struthionis) and 10 species of adult ixodid ticks (Amblyomma gemma, A. lepidum, A. variegatum, Haemaphysalis punctata, Hyalomma albiparmatum, H. luscitanicum, H. marginatum rufipes, H. truncatum, Hyalomma sp., and Rhipicephalus turanicus. As a result of these findings, the U.S. Department of Agriculture prohibited further importation into the United States of ostriches and other flightless birds on an interim basis. RP MERTINS, JW (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,PATHOBIOL LAB,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 1 BP 180 EP 182 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EW549 UT WOS:A1991EW54900034 PM 2023323 ER PT J AU LOFT, ER MENKE, JW KIE, JG AF LOFT, ER MENKE, JW KIE, JG TI HABITAT SHIFTS BY MULE DEER - THE INFLUENCE OF CATTLE GRAZING SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; HOME-RANGE; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; RADIO TRIANGULATION; ELECTIVITY INDEX; FOOD SELECTION; FORAGE RATIO; COMMUNITIES; PATTERNS; AREAS AB We studied the effects of cattle on selection of home ranges and habitats by female mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) on summer range in the Sierra Nevada, California. Three grazing levels (no grazing, moderate grazing, and heavy grazing) were imposed on 3 fenced range units over 3 years. Habitat selection by 13 radio-collared female mule deer was estimated each summer; habitat selection by radio-collared cattle was estimated at the 2 grazing levels. In the absence of grazing, meadow-riparian habitat comprised a greater proportion of deer home ranges than during grazing. During moderate and heavy grazing, a greater proportion of montane shrub habitat was included within deer home ranges than when ungrazed. Within home ranges, deer preferred meadow-riparian habitat at all grazing levels, whereas aspen (Populus tremuloides) habitat was preferred only during no grazing. Deer preference for meadow-riparian habitat declined over the summer, more so with cattle grazing. Cattle also preferred meadow-riparian and aspen habitats. The greatest effect of cattle on habitat selection by female mule deer occurred during the late summer with heavy grazing when forage and cover were at a minimum in preferred habitats. Female mule deer shifted habitat use by reducing their use of habitats preferred by cattle and increasing their use of habitats avoided by cattle. These results were consistent with expectations of competition and habitat selection theory. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT AGRON & RANGE SCI, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. US FOREST SERV, PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, FRESNO, CA 93710 USA. NR 47 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 1 BP 16 EP 26 DI 10.2307/3809236 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EV568 UT WOS:A1991EV56800002 ER PT J AU MASON, JR AVERY, ML GLAHN, JF OTIS, DL MATTESON, RE NELMS, CO AF MASON, JR AVERY, ML GLAHN, JF OTIS, DL MATTESON, RE NELMS, CO TI EVALUATION OF METHYL ANTHRANILATE AND STARCH-PLATED DIMETHYL ANTHRANILATE AS BIRD REPELLENT FEED ADDITIVES SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID LIVESTOCK FEED AB We conducted 3 experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of methyl anthranilate (MA) as a bird repellent. In Experiment 1, we examined the repellency of several technical MA concentrations in 6-hour tests-a time period similar to the duration of exposure of livestock feed in feedbunks. In Experiment 2, we determined the lowest concentration of technical MA that was as effective as 1.0% dimethyl anthranilate starch (DMA; our field-tested standard). Finally, in Experiment 3, we explored the repellency of starch-encapsulated MA to grouped red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in an outdoor aviary. Experiments 1 and 2 indicated that 0.4-0.5% MA was as repellent as 1.0% DMA-starch. Experiment 3 showed that although 1.0% MA reduced consumption by grouped starlings and red-wings in 2-choice tests, only starlings avoided treated food in 1-choice tests. Red-wings habituated to the substance, and consumption returned to baseline levels by treatment Day 3. We conclude that MA is an economical alternative to DMA, although species and/or social factors may influence repellency. C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601. USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. USDA,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER,CO 80225. RP MASON, JR (reprint author), MONELL CHEM SENSES RES CTR,USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 13 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 1 BP 182 EP 187 DI 10.2307/3809257 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EV568 UT WOS:A1991EV56800023 ER PT J AU MASON, JR REIDINGER, RF STEWART, CN AF MASON, JR REIDINGER, RF STEWART, CN TI RODENTICIDE FLAVOR CHARACTERISTICS ASSESSED THROUGH GENERALIZATION OF CONDITIONED FLAVOR AVOIDANCE SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID TASTE-AVERSIONS; RATS AB Little information is available concerning the flavor quantities of toxicants or bait formulations. Using generalization of flavor avoidance learning (FAL) in Experiment 1, we investigated the flavor of alpha-chlorohydrin, alpha-naphthylthiourea, calciferol, scilliroside, and sodium (Na) warfarin as perceived by Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus). Scilliroside was apparently tasteless. For the other toxicants, FAL was observed. Alpha-chlorohydrin and alpha-naphtylthiourea avoidance generalized to "bitter" and "sour" flavors, calciferol avoidance generalized to "bitter" and "sweet" flavors, and Na warfarin FAL generalized to "bitter," "sweet," and "salty" flavors. In Experiment 2 we used generalization of FAL to examine the flavor of strychnine in agar or water. Strong FAL was observed, although avoidance generalization was narrower for strychnine in agar than in water. In Experiment 3 we examined FAL among alpha-chlorohydrin, alpha-naphthylthiourea, calciferol, strychnine, and Na warfarin. Flavor avoidance learning and generalization were obtained for some (but not all) rodenticides, and similarities among generalization profiles obtained in Experiments 1 and 2 did not predict generalization among the rodenticides, per se. We infer that toxicants can have complex flavors and are not only bitter or sour, as some have proposed. Applications of our findings may range from the empirical development of prebait formulations to the evaluation of bait enhancers and microencapsulation techniques. C1 USDA,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER,CO 80225. FRANKLIN & MARSHALL COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,LANCASTER,PA 17604. RP MASON, JR (reprint author), MONELL CHEM SENSES RES CTR,USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 1 BP 188 EP 198 DI 10.2307/3809258 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA EV568 UT WOS:A1991EV56800024 ER PT J AU MINOR, JL AF MINOR, JL TI LOCATION OF LIGNIN-BONDED PECTIC POLYSACCHARIDES SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBOHYDRATE BONDS; MIDDLE-LAMELLA; RESIDUAL LIGNIN; LOBLOLLY-PINE; SPRUCE; WALL AB The hypothesis that galactose and arabinose pectic substances are distributed with lignin throughout wood cell walls was tested by analyzing a high-yield loblolly pine kraft pulp that had been separated into middle-lamella-rich and secondary-wall-rich fractions. The fractions were first treated with a polysaccharidase enzyme mixture to obtain "enzyme lignins." The structures of the galactose and arabinose oligomers remaining attached to the lignin were determined by methylation analysis. The 1 --> 4 linked galactose structure, characteristic of pectic materials, was present in significant amounts in the middle-lamella-rich fraction, but to only a very small extent in the secondary-wall-rich fraction. In contrast, the pectic arabinan 1 --> 5 linked structure was a significant proportion of the arabinose from both fractions. The 1 --> 5 linked arabinose structure can arise from a linkage of arabinoxylan to lignin through the 5 position of the arabinose substituent as well as from pectic structures. After partial acid hydrolysis, approximately half the remaining arabinose in the secondary-wall-rich fraction was attached as monomeric units to lignin through the 5 position. RP MINOR, JL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 1991 VL 11 IS 2 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1080/02773819108050268 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA FY162 UT WOS:A1991FY16200002 ER PT J AU OHARA, S HEMINGWAY, RW AF OHARA, S HEMINGWAY, RW TI CONDENSED TANNINS - THE FORMATION OF A DIARYLPROPANOL-CATECHINIC ACID DIMER FROM BASE-CATALYZED REACTIONS OF (+)-CATECHIN SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 2,3-TRANS-3,4-CIS-FLAVAN-3-OL CONSTITUENT UNITS; (-)-FISETINIDOL-(+)-CATECHIN PROFISETINIDINS; POLYMERIC PROCYANIDINS; OLIGOMERIC FLAVANOIDS; REARRANGEMENTS; RING AB Reaction of (+)-catechin at pH 12 and 40-degrees-C results in the stereoselective (if not stereospecific) formation of an enolic form of 1-[6-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxybicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,9-trione-3-yl] -1-(3,4-dihyroxyphenyl)-3-(2,-4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-propan-2-ol. The n.m.r. chemical shift assignments determined by a variety of two-dimensional experiments permit a conclusion that the compound is one of four diastereoisomers possible from reaction of the two quinone methide intermediates. Stereoselectivity in the formation of this compound can be accounted for by preference for Re-face attack on both 2-C's of the quinone methides involved in the formation of the molecule. C1 SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP OHARA, S (reprint author), FORESTRY & FOREST PROD RES INST,TSUKUBA NORIN KENKYU DANCHI NAI,IBARAKI,JAPAN. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 1991 VL 11 IS 2 BP 195 EP 208 DI 10.1080/02773819108050270 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA FY162 UT WOS:A1991FY16200004 ER PT J AU ZINKEL, DF AF ZINKEL, DF TI A VARIATION IN ACID-CATALYZED ISOMERIZATION OF ABIETADIENOIC ACIDS SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DITERPENE RESIN ACIDS; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Heating the individual common abietadienoic acid methyl esters with p-toluene sulfonic acid in chloroform led to the formation of methyl abietadienoates other than the equilibrium mixture of methyl abietate, palustrate, and neoabietate that is usually formed by acid-catalyzed isomerization. Of these other methyl abietadienoates, the three principal constituents comprised 10%, 4% and 2% of the monomers; these compounds were isolated and identified as methyl 13-beta-abieta-7,9(11)-dien-18-oate, methyl 7,(11)-abietadien-18-oate,and methyl 8,12-abietadien-18-oate, respectively. RP ZINKEL, DF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 1991 VL 11 IS 4 BP 439 EP 446 DI 10.1080/02773819108051085 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA GR626 UT WOS:A1991GR62600003 ER PT J AU PETTERSEN, RC SCHWANDT, VH AF PETTERSEN, RC SCHWANDT, VH TI WOOD SUGAR ANALYSIS BY ANION CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF WOOD CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Two wood and two wood-pulp samples were hydrolyzed in triplicate in sulfuric acid. The sugar monomers were separated by anion-exchange chromatography and quantitatively measured with a pulsed amperometric detector. A portion of each sugar solution was neutralized with sodium hydroxide and analyzed for the sugar content in the same manner as the unneutralized hydrolysates. The results from analyses of acid and neutral solutions were consistent. Detection limits for the individual sugars ranged from 25 ng for arabinose to 13 ng for glucose using a signal to noise ratio of three for the detection limit. RP PETTERSEN, RC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 4 TC 129 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0277-3813 J9 J WOOD CHEM TECHNOL JI J. Wood Chem. Technol. PY 1991 VL 11 IS 4 BP 495 EP 501 DI 10.1080/02773819108051089 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA GR626 UT WOS:A1991GR62600007 ER PT J AU APPEL, G SCHAEFER, E MADIAS, NE MADAIO, MP HARRINGTON, JT LEVEY, AS NARAYAN, G MEYER, K AF APPEL, G SCHAEFER, E MADIAS, NE MADAIO, MP HARRINGTON, JT LEVEY, AS NARAYAN, G MEYER, K TI LIPID ABNORMALITIES IN RENAL-DISEASE SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Discussion ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; AMBULATORY PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS; EXPERIMENTAL NEPHROTIC SYNDROME; CHRONIC-HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS; REDUCES GLOMERULAR INJURY; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE C1 PRESBYTERIAN HOSP,CLIN NEPHROL,NEW YORK,NY 10032. NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,LIPID CLIN,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,DIV NEPHROL,BOSTON,MA 02111. NEWTON WELLESLEY HOSP,MED,NEWTON LOWER FALLS,MA 02162. ST ELIZABETH HOSP,DIV NEPHROL,BRIGHTON,MA 02135. RP APPEL, G (reprint author), COLUMBIA PRESBYTERIAN MED CTR,CLIN MED,NEW YORK,NY 10032, USA. NR 167 TC 224 Z9 228 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 169 EP 183 DI 10.1038/ki.1991.22 PG 15 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA EN616 UT WOS:A1991EN61600022 PM 2002630 ER PT J AU CORDELL, HK BERGSTROM, JC AF CORDELL, HK BERGSTROM, JC TI A METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING NATIONAL OUTDOOR RECREATION DEMAND AND SUPPLY TRENDS SO LEISURE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE DEMAND ANALYSIS; DEMAND SUPPLY FORECASTING; NATIONAL ASSESSMENT; EQUILIBRIUM MODELS C1 US FOREST SERV,SOUTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGR ECON,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0149-0400 J9 LEISURE SCI JI Leis. Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 PG 20 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA GU557 UT WOS:A1991GU55700001 ER PT J AU ENGEL, P WRIGHT, MS AF ENGEL, P WRIGHT, MS TI AUXOTROPHS PRODUCED BY TRANSPOSON MUTAGENESIS IN STREPTOMYCES-TENDAE ATCC-31160 SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Six auxotrophs were induced in Streptomyces tendae ATCC 31160 with transposon Tn4560. Insertion of the transposon into chromosomal DNA of these auxotrophs occurred at different sites suggesting that transposition may be random. Transposition frequency was 1 x 10(-3). Transposon-tagged antibiotic biosynthetic genes will provide a powerful tool for the isolation of genes involved in nikkomycin biosynthesis. RP ENGEL, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PY 1991 VL 13 IS 2 BP 51 EP 54 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1991.tb00568.x PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FY625 UT WOS:A1991FY62500002 ER PT J AU CARPENTER, RC HACKNEY, JM ADEY, WH AF CARPENTER, RC HACKNEY, JM ADEY, WH TI MEASUREMENTS OF PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND NITROGENASE ACTIVITY OF CORAL-REEF ALGAE IN A CHAMBER INCORPORATING OSCILLATORY FLOW SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL ADAPTATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; GIANT-KELP; WAVE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; COMMUNITIES; METABOLISM; ORGANISMS; FIXATION; GROWTH AB Diffusive limitation of C and nutrient uptake can be an important factor regulating metabolic processes in aquatic plants. Relationships between the flow regime and both primary productivity and nitrogenase activity (ethylene production) of coral reef algal components were studied via a productivity chamber that simulates oscillatory flow. Net primary productivity of algal turfs was increased significantly by flow speeds (steady flow equivalent) up to 16 cm s-1. The mode of water flow also was important; primary productivity of algal turfs increased by 21% under an oscillatory flow regime as compared to vortex flow created by stirring. Acanthophora spicifera exhibited increased primary productivity at flow speeds up to 10 cm s-1, while primary productivity of another rhodophyte, Coelothrix irregularis, increased up to 4 cm s-1. Rates of nitrogenase activity exhibited by algal turfs also were affected significantly by flow speed. These data indicate that diffusive limitation is important to varying degrees in reef algal turfs and macroalgae and suggest that primary productivity and rates of nitrogenase activity depend on ambient flow speeds and boundary-layer dynamics. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. SMITHSONIAN INST,MARINE SYST LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP CARPENTER, RC (reprint author), CALIF STATE UNIV NORTHRIDGE,DEPT BIOL,NORTHRIDGE,CA 91330, USA. NR 34 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 36 IS 1 BP 40 EP 49 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA FL676 UT WOS:A1991FL67600004 ER PT J AU HIGHLEY, TL SCHEFFER, TC AF HIGHLEY, TL SCHEFFER, TC TI IN-PLACE TREATMENTS FOR PREVENTING DECAY IN WATERFRONT STRUCTURES SO MATERIAL UND ORGANISMEN LA English DT Article DE WOOD DECAY; WOOD PRESERVATION; PILING; IN-PLACE TREATMENT AB Brush application of pentachlorophenol, sodium pentachlorophenate, or fluorchrome-arsenic-phenol (FCAP) to the top surface of untreated Douglas-fir deck planks (in years 2 and 6 or years 2 through 9) has protected the planks against decay for 20 years in the high-decay-hazard climate of southern Mississippi. Only FCAP has protected Southern Pine decking under the same conditions. Several fungicides were evaluated for their ability to protect the top (cutoff end) of creosoted Douglas-fir piles from decay. Supplementary treatment with ammonium bifluoride crystals in drilled holes or Osmoplastic provided the best protection against decay in uncapped tops. Good protection was also obtained with brushed-on 20-percent ammonium bifluoride solution or with borate rods. Uncapped pile tops treated with copper-8-quinolinolate, sodium borate, ammoniacal-copper borate, sodium pentachlorophenate, and pentachlorophenol were rapidly decayed; therefore, these preservatives should only be used where piles can be capped. RP HIGHLEY, TL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU DUNCKER & HUMBLOT GMBH PI BERLIN 41 PA POSTFACH 41 03 29 DIETRICH-SCHAFER-WEG 9, W-1000 BERLIN 41, GERMANY SN 0025-5270 J9 MATER ORGANISMEN JI Mater. Org. PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA GQ729 UT WOS:A1991GQ72900001 ER PT J AU MICALES, JA AF MICALES, JA TI INCREASED RECOVERY OF BETA-D-GLUCOSIDASE FROM POSTIA-PLACENTA IN PRESENCE OF TWEEN SURFACTANTS SO MATERIAL UND ORGANISMEN LA English DT Article DE WOOD DECAY; BROWN-ROT FUNGI; POSTIA-PLACENTA; SURFACTANTS; TWEEN; BETA-D-GLUCOSIDASE; ALPHA-D-GALACTOSIDASE AND BETA-D-GALACTOSIDASE; XYLANASE; BETA-1,4-GLUCANASE; LAMINARINASE AB The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of Tween surfactants to a synthetic medium would influence the mycelial growth and extracellular enzyme production by the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta. Addition of Tween 80 stimulated mycelium production. Elevated levels of extracellular proteins, beta-D-glucosidase, and beta-D-galactosidase were also detected in culture filtrates. The surfactant did not influence the production of alpha-galactosidase, xylanase, carboxymethylcellulase, or laminarinase. Beta-D-Glucosidase was the only enzyme that displayed a greater increase in activity than that expected by the increase in mycelial weight. Its activity was also stimulated by the addition of Tween 20,40, and 60. Maximum stimulation occurred early in the growth curve (days 10 and 15) while total enzyme production was still low. All four Tween surfactants delayed the formation of aerial mycelia. The mode of action of Tween is not known, but it may involve the release of membrane-bound enzymes or the disruption of the hyphal sheath. RP MICALES, JA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU DUNCKER & HUMBLOT GMBH PI BERLIN 41 PA POSTFACH 41 03 29 DIETRICH-SCHAFER-WEG 9, W-1000 BERLIN 41, GERMANY SN 0025-5270 J9 MATER ORGANISMEN JI Mater. Org. PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 63 EP 78 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA GQ729 UT WOS:A1991GQ72900005 ER PT J AU GREEN, F LARSEN, MJ WINANDY, JE HIGHLEY, TL AF GREEN, F LARSEN, MJ WINANDY, JE HIGHLEY, TL TI ROLE OF OXALIC-ACID IN INCIPIENT BROWN-ROT DECAY SO MATERIAL UND ORGANISMEN LA English DT Article DE DECAY; BROWN ROT; OXALIC ACID; PH; REDUCING SUGARS; HYPHAL SHEATH; HEMICELLULOSE; CELLULOSE; DEPOLYMERIZATION; STRENGTH LOSS; MOR; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ID FUNGUS; DEGRADATION; PLACENTA AB The objective of this research was to determine the role of acid produced during early brown-rot decay by two isolates of Postia placenta, MAD 698 and ME 20. The results of direct pH measurement in wood blocks demonstrated a rapid decrease in pH to ca. 1.7 within 7 days by MAD 698. Estimation of oxalic acid production in vitro in woody substrates correlated with decreased pH. The results of in vitro treatment of southern pine blocks and cellulose with oxalic acid showed that acid can break down hemicellulose and depolymerize cellulose to a degree of polymerization of ca. 200 in 7 days. We conclude that low-molecular-weight acids are important in the initiation of brown-rot decay. The acid-mediated effect acts initially to break off hemicellulose side-chains, providing the fungus access to arabinose, galactose, and, to a lesser extent, other sugars. After initiation of acid-mediated hydrolysis of side-chains, acids begin to rapidly depolymerize and solubilize the hemicellulose backbones and amorphous cellulose, thus increasing the porosity of the wood structure to the hyphal sheath, decay enzymes, or other low-molecular-weight decay agents. RP GREEN, F (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 48 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 4 U2 15 PU DUNCKER & HUMBLOT GMBH PI BERLIN 41 PA POSTFACH 41 03 29 DIETRICH-SCHAFER-WEG 9, W-1000 BERLIN 41, GERMANY SN 0025-5270 J9 MATER ORGANISMEN JI Mater. Org. PY 1991 VL 26 IS 3 BP 191 EP 213 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA HN364 UT WOS:A1991HN36400003 ER PT J AU CHOUREY, PS CHEN, YC MILLER, ME AF CHOUREY, PS CHEN, YC MILLER, ME TI EARLY CELL DEGENERATION IN DEVELOPING ENDOSPERM IS UNIQUE TO THE SHRUNKEN MUTATION IN MAIZE SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE SUCROSE SYNTHASE; CELL WALL; HEMICELLULOSE ID ZEA-MAYS; EXPRESSION; BARLEY; MUTANTS; SYNTHETASE; KERNELS; EMBRYO; GRAINS; LOCUS AB Evidence is presented to show that the early cell degeneration in the developing endosperm of the sb-runken (sh) mutant is unique to this genotype. Seven non-allelic shrunken or brittle mutants which are more severely starch deficient than the sh endosperm did not show such cell degeneration. The cellular loss in the sh mutant was detected prior to or during the rapid phase of starch biosynthesis in the developing endosperm. Although the previously suggested role of the Sh encoded sucrose synthase 1 (SS1) isozyme in mobilizing sucrose to starch biosynthesis is not precluded, the histological data presented here strongly suggest that the SS protein plays a critical role in maintaining cellular stability in the developing endosperm. We suggest that the brittleness of the sh endosperm cell walls is related to deficient cellulose hemicellulose content due to reduced levels of uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) which is the immediate reaction product of the SS1 isozyme present in great abundance in Sh endosperm, but absent in the sh genotype. C1 UNIV FLORIDA, DEPT PLANT PATHOL & AGRON, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. RP USDA ARS, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 EI 2279-8013 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1991 VL 36 IS 2 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FL647 UT WOS:A1991FL64700006 ER PT J AU JARVIS, JL RUSSELL, WA CAMPBELL, JE GUTHRIE, WD AF JARVIS, JL RUSSELL, WA CAMPBELL, JE GUTHRIE, WD TI LEVEL OF RESISTANCE IN MAIZE TO PREVENT OR REDUCE YIELD LOSSES BY 2ND-GENERATION EUROPEAN CORN BORERS SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE EUROPEAN CORN BORER; MAIZE HYBRIDS ID LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; INFESTATION; HYBRID AB A 2 year study was conducted to determine the effect of infestation by 2nd-generation European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), on 12 maize hybrids and two synthetic cultivars that vary in resistance or susceptibility to the ECB. Total yield, harvestable yield, and kernel weights were all reduced by ECB infestation but the amount of reduction was dependent upon the hybrid or cultivar. ECB resistant hybrids had the least amount of yield loss. Some hybrids had antibiosis type of resistance whereas others had tolerance (a small amount of loss per unit of damage). Antibiosis resistance and tolerance did not always occur in the same hybrids and seem to be unrelated characteristics. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. PIONEER HI BRED INT INC,DEPT RES SPECIALISTS,JOHNSTON,IA 50131. RP JARVIS, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CORN INSECT RES UNIT,ANKENNY,IA 50021, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1991 VL 36 IS 3 BP 267 EP 273 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GF509 UT WOS:A1991GF50900010 ER PT J AU SHACKELFORD, SD REAGAN, JO HAYDON, KD LYON, CE MILLER, MF AF SHACKELFORD, SD REAGAN, JO HAYDON, KD LYON, CE MILLER, MF TI ACCEPTABILITY OF LOW-FAT FRANKFURTERS AS INFLUENCED BY THE FEEDING OF ELEVATED LEVELS OF MONOUNSATURATED FATS TO GROWING FINISHING SWINE SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIPIDS; ACIDS AB The effects of high levels of oleic acid in the diet on the physical, chemical and sensory traits of frankfurters were examined. Frankfurters were formulated at three fat levels (10, 20 and 25%) from pork trimmings from each dietary treatment. The control frankfurters were the most springy, firm, flavorful and palatable and had the most intense flavor (P < 0.05). However, low-fat frankfurters produced from the high-oleate treatments were comparable to the control in all sensory characteristics (P > 0.05). The 10 and 25% fat frankfurters were rated highest and lowest, respectively, for juiciness, springiness, firmness, flavor, flavor intensity and overall palatability (P < 0.05). Sensory panelists detected off-flavors in the 25% fat frankfurters more frequently than in the 10% fat frankfurters (P < 0.05). 2-Thiobarbituric acid values were not affeced by treatment and were acceptable after storage at 2-degrees-C for 24 weeks (P < 0.05). C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. AGR EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. USDA,ARS RICHARD B RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30605. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PY 1991 VL 30 IS 1 BP 59 EP 73 DI 10.1016/0309-1740(91)90035-O PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA FC126 UT WOS:A1991FC12600007 PM 22061652 ER PT J AU CROUSE, JD KOOHMARAIE, M SEIDEMAN, SD AF CROUSE, JD KOOHMARAIE, M SEIDEMAN, SD TI THE RELATIONSHIP OF MUSCLE-FIBER SIZE TO TENDERNESS OF BEEF SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MYOFIBRIL FRAGMENTATION INDEX; BOVINE LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE AB Steaks were removed from loins of beef carcasses at 1, 3, 6 or 14 days post mortem for fragmentation index (MFI), Warner-Bratzler Shear Force (SF) and sensory panel tenderness evaluation. Also, after 1 day of storage, samples were removed for histological observations. Greatest improvement in tenderness, SF and MFI occurred within the first 6 days of storage. Sensory panel tenderness was correlated (P < 0.01) with SF and MFI. Average muscle fibre size was correlated (P < 0.01) with tenderness and SF at days 1 and 3, but not at days 6 and 14. Evidently, muscle fibre size is important to tenderness prior to post-mortem storage of meat and proteolysis, but becomes less of a factor in tenderness after 6 days of storage. RP CROUSE, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013; Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 NR 17 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PY 1991 VL 30 IS 4 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.1016/0309-1740(91)90039-S PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA GB613 UT WOS:A1991GB61300001 PM 22059401 ER PT J AU SOLOMON, MB ELSASSER, TH AF SOLOMON, MB ELSASSER, TH TI DIETARY ENERGY AND PROTEIN EFFECTS ON PARTITIONING OF CARCASS COMPONENTS IN BEEF-CATTLE SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB This study evaluated carcass and wholesale cut composition of 20 Angus steers fed two levels of protein (LP = 8% versus HP = 14%) at two levels of energy intake (LE = 1.96 versus HE = 2.67 Mcal ME) at 6.35 kg head-1 d-1 dry matter intake for 238 d using a factorial arrangement (n = 5/diet). The left side of each carcass was physically separated into wholesale cuts and each cut was, in turn, physically separated into the lean, subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat, bone portions and cavity fat when applicable. Intramuscular fat for the entire side was chemically determined using only the separated lean tissue component. Energy was the greatest source of variation (P < 0.05) on carcass and wholesale cut composition: HE was associated with more total carcass fat (32.4 versus 23.9%) and less lean (56.7 versus 60.2%) and bone (17.9 versus 20.1%) than LE. Protein by energy level interactions (P < 0.05) were observed for carcass subcutaneous fat and carcass lean in addition to brisket subcutaneous fat, round subcutaneous fat and bone. The HP: HE group had the least carcass lean and the most subcutaneous fat followed by the LP: HE group, LP: LE and then HP: LE. This was also the trend for the wholesale cut composition. These results suggest that fat deposition in cattle can be significantly and favorably reduced in wholesale cuts by adjusting the relative balance of dietary protein and energy. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SOLOMON, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PROD QUAL & DEV,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PY 1991 VL 29 IS 4 BP 365 EP 373 DI 10.1016/0309-1740(91)90014-H PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA EY206 UT WOS:A1991EY20600007 PM 22061439 ER PT J AU FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD AF FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD TI ANEMIA PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN MYOCARDIAL HYPERTROPHY OF COPPER DEFICIENCY SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID RATS; FRUCTOSE; DIET; IRON C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH MED,DIV ENDOCRINOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. RP FIELDS, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/0026-0495(91)90182-V PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA EQ419 UT WOS:A1991EQ41900001 PM 1824601 ER PT J AU FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD BURNS, WA ANTHOLINE, WE AF FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD BURNS, WA ANTHOLINE, WE TI THE SEVERITY OF COPPER DEFICIENCY CAN BE AMELIORATED BY DEFEROXAMINE SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ASCORBIC-ACID; IRON SALTS; RATS; FRUCTOSE; RADICALS; ANEMIA; DESFERRIOXAMINE; ACCUMULATION C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH MED,DIV ENDOCRINOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. VET ADM MED CTR,E ORANGE,NJ. RP FIELDS, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 40 IS 1 BP 105 EP 109 DI 10.1016/0026-0495(91)90200-G PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA EQ419 UT WOS:A1991EQ41900019 PM 1845818 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, MP AF RICHARDS, MP TI PURIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF METALLOTHIONEINS BY REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; GEL-PERMEATION; ION-EXCHANGE; QUANTITATION; SEPARATION; ISOFORMS; PROTEINS; TISSUES; COLUMNS; ASSAY RP RICHARDS, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Method Enzymol. PY 1991 VL 205 BP 217 EP 238 DI 10.1016/0076-6879(91)05101-Z PG 22 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HG718 UT WOS:A1991HG71800025 PM 1779780 ER PT J AU KAHN, ML ZIERMANN, R DEHO, G OW, DW SUNSHINE, MG CALENDAR, R AF KAHN, ML ZIERMANN, R DEHO, G OW, DW SUNSHINE, MG CALENDAR, R TI BACTERIOPHAGE-P2 AND BACTERIOPHAGE-P4 SO METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION; GENETIC ELEMENT P4; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SATELLITE BACTERIOPHAGE-P4; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; PLASMID; P2; DNA; SEQUENCE C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT MOLEC & CELL BIOL, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. UNIV MILAN, DIPARTIMENTO GENET & BIOL MICROORGANISM, I-20133 MILAN, ITALY. UNIV IOWA, SCH MED, DEPT MICROBIOL, IOWA CITY, IA 52242 USA. USDA, CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. RP WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, INST BIOL CHEM, DEPT MICROBIOL, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 1991 VL 204 BP 264 EP 280 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GN469 UT WOS:A1991GN46900011 ER PT J AU MARX, DH RUEHLE, JL CORDELL, CE AF MARX, DH RUEHLE, JL CORDELL, CE TI METHODS FOR STUDYING NURSERY AND FIELD RESPONSE OF TREES TO SPECIFIC ECTOMYCORRHIZA SO METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SYMBIONT PISOLITHUS-TINCTORIUS; GROWN DOUGLAS-FIR; PINE-SEEDLINGS; SOIL SOLARIZATION; INOCULATION; FUNGI; PERFORMANCE; PATHOGENS; INOCULUM; CARIBAEA C1 USDA,VASC SURG LAB,ATHENS,GA 30602. US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ASHEVILLE,NC 28802. NR 62 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX J9 METHOD MICROBIOL JI Methods Mircrobiol. PY 1991 VL 23 BP 383 EP 411 PG 29 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MC412 UT WOS:A1991MC41200017 ER PT J AU BOLTON, H FREDRICKSON, JK THOMAS, JM LI, SW WORKMAN, DJ BENTJEN, SA SMITH, JL AF BOLTON, H FREDRICKSON, JK THOMAS, JM LI, SW WORKMAN, DJ BENTJEN, SA SMITH, JL TI FIELD CALIBRATION OF SOIL-CORE MICROCOSMS - ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL COMPARISONS SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MICROORGANISMS; PSEUDOMONAS SP; WINTER-WHEAT; ROOT-GROWTH; TAKE-ALL; COLONIZATION; FLUORESCENS; FERTILIZER; NITROGEN; BACTERIA AB Microcosms containing intact soil-cores are a potential biotechnology risk assessment tool for assessing the ecological effects of genetically engineered microorganisms before they are released to the field; however, microcosms must first be calibrated to ensure that they adequately simulate key field parameters. Soil-core microcosms were compared with the field in terms of ecological response to the introduction of a large inoculum of a rifampicin-resistant rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas sp. RC1. RC1 was inoculated into intact soil-core microcosms incubated in the laboratory at ambient temperature (22-degrees-C) and in a growth chamber with temperature fluctuations that mimicked average field values, as well as into field lysimeters and plots. The effect of the introduced bacterium on ecosystem structure, including wheat rhizoplane populations of total and fluorescent pseudomonads, total heterotrophic bacteria, and the diversity of total heterotrophic bacteria, was determined. Fluorescent pseudomonads were present on the rhizoplane in significantly lower numbers in soil inoculated with RC1, in both microcosms and the field. Conditions for microbial growth appeared to be most favorable in the growth chamber microcosm, as evidenced by higher populations of heterotrophs and a greater species diversity on the rhizoplane at the three-leaf stage of wheat growth. Ecosystem functional parameters, as determined by soil dehydrogenase activity, plant biomass production, and N-15-fertilizer uptake by wheat, were different in the four systems. The stimulation of soil dehydrogenase activity by the addition of alfalfa was greater in the microcosms than in the field. In general, growth chamber microcosms, which simulated average field temperatures, were better predictors of field behavior than microcosms incubated continuously at 22-degrees-C. C1 UNIV IDAHO, DEPT BACTERIOL & BIOCHEM, MOSCOW, ID 83843 USA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. RP BOLTON, H (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, DEPT ENVIRONM SCI, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011 NR 37 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROBIAL ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PY 1991 VL 21 IS 2 BP 175 EP 189 DI 10.1007/BF02539152 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA FN756 UT WOS:A1991FN75600007 PM 24194209 ER PT J AU HAUSMAN, GJ WRIGHT, JT THOMAS, GB AF HAUSMAN, GJ WRIGHT, JT THOMAS, GB TI VASCULAR AND CELLULAR-DEVELOPMENT IN FETAL ADIPOSE-TISSUE - LECTIN BINDING-STUDIES AND IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY FOR LAMININ AND TYPE-IV COLLAGEN SO MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DECAPITATED PIG FETUSES; HISTOCHEMICAL ASPECTS; CYTO-CHEMISTRY; YOUNG-PIGS; DIFFERENTIATION; ADIPOCYTES; EXPRESSION; GALACTOSE; RESIDUES; ONTOGENY RP HAUSMAN, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0026-2862 J9 MICROVASC RES JI Microvasc. Res. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 1 BP 111 EP 125 DI 10.1016/0026-2862(91)90012-Z PG 15 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA ET184 UT WOS:A1991ET18400011 PM 2051950 ER PT J AU BRICKER, BJ TABATABAI, LB MAYFIELD, JE AF BRICKER, BJ TABATABAI, LB MAYFIELD, JE TI IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G BINDING-ACTIVITY OF BRUCELLA-ABORTUS SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A Brucella abortus protein with a molecular weight of 50 kDa has been shown to bind bovine immunoglobulin G from healthy, brucellosis-free animals. The Brucella immunoglobulin G binding molecule appears to be a protein, since it is susceptible to proteolysis. The protein is presumed to be located on the cell surface, since intact cells precipitate bovine immunoglobulin G. Examination of other species of Brucella shows that all Brucella species and strains tested express the protein. B. abortus cells also bound immunoglobulin G from other animal species. These included cat, chicken, dog, guinea pig, horse, human, mouse, rat, sheep, swine, and turkey but not immunoglobulin G from goat or rabbit. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP BRICKER, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 39 DI 10.1016/0161-5890(91)90084-W PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA FD122 UT WOS:A1991FD12200005 PM 1826340 ER PT J AU LOPER, JE BUYER, JS AF LOPER, JE BUYER, JS TI SIDEROPHORES IN MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS ON PLANT-SURFACES SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Review RP LOPER, JE (reprint author), USDA,ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,3420 NW ORCHARD AVE,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 0 TC 216 Z9 241 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 4 IS 1 BP 5 EP 13 DI 10.1094/MPMI-4-005 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA FG819 UT WOS:A1991FG81900001 ER PT J AU MOTE, PL GRIZZLE, JM WALFORD, RL SPINDLER, SR AF MOTE, PL GRIZZLE, JM WALFORD, RL SPINDLER, SR TI AGING ALTERS HEPATIC EXPRESSION OF INSULIN-RECEPTOR AND C-JUN MESSENGER-RNA IN THE MOUSE SO MUTATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AGING; GENE EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; INSULIN RECEPTOR; C-JUN; PROTOONCOGENE ID DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; RAT-LIVER; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; CULTURED LYMPHOCYTES; DIETARY RESTRICTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; DRUG-METABOLISM; GROWTH-FACTORS; S-II AB The clear association between species and life span suggests that aging, like development, is genetically orchestrated. To explore this hypothesis, the expression of mRNA for a number of transcription regulatory and signal transduction proteins was investigated during aging of B1O.RIII, C57BL/10 and B1O.BR mice. mRNA for glucocorticoid receptor, CCAAT and enhancer binding protein, transcription factor Sp1 and RNA polymerase II elongation factor S-II were unchanged between 4 and 24 months of age in these mice. These factors are required for the normal transcription of many genes, perhaps explaining their steady rates of expression throughout life. Insulin-like growth factor I mRNA also remained unchanged. By contrast, mRNA for the insulin receptor and transcription factor c-jun changed significantly during aging. c-Jun mRNA decreased approximately 55% between 4 and 12 months of age and then increased by 24-25 months of age to levels approximately equal to those found in young mice. Insulin receptor mRNA increased approximately 30% by 24-25 months of age in all strains of mice. These results suggest that factors determining the steady state level of these mRNAs are altered in level or activity during aging. Assessing the causes and significance of these changes will require further study. However, our results demonstrate that alterations in the expression of specific regulatory genes occur during aging. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT BIOCHEM,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. USDA,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 04419] NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8262 J9 MUTAT RES PD JAN PY 1991 VL 256 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1016/0921-8734(91)90027-9 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA GP654 UT WOS:A1991GP65400002 PM 1944389 ER PT J AU WUBAH, DA FULLER, MS AKIN, DE AF WUBAH, DA FULLER, MS AKIN, DE TI RESISTANT BODY FORMATION IN NEOCALLIMASTIX-SP, AN ANAEROBIC FUNGUS FROM THE RUMEN OF A COW SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE NEOCALLIMASTIX; RESISTANT SPORANGIUM; RUMEN FUNGUS; DNA LEVELS ID BLASTOCLADIELLA-EMERSONII; DNA AB Evidence of several kinds was sought to confirm that structures thought to be resistant sporangia (RS) in Neocallimastix sp. shared characteristics with RS of other zoosporic fungi. In liquid medium, Neocallimastix formed a chytrid-like thallus made up of a system of intramatrical anchoring rhizoids and an extramatrical sessile or stalked zoosporangium on fiber pieces. As the culture aged, there was a shift from the development of zoosporangia to the production of RS. RS were first observed 36 h after zoospores were inoculated into fresh basal anaerobic medium. Encysted zoospores often developed into elongate thalli that branched monopodially near the tip. During RS formation, the tip of each branch enlarged and the nuclei and cytoplasm migrated towards this enlarged region. A septum was then formed to delimit the developing RS which became pigmented as it matured. The mature RS were dark brown and the pigment in their walls was identified as melanin using histochemical tests. Zoospores had the 1C level of DNA with 1C and 2C levels being observed in developing zoosporangia. The DNA content in the mature RS (4C) was found to be twice the highest level of DNA in the zoosporangium (2C) which suggested that there was a diploidization during RS formation. Additional studies needed to characterize the RS are discussed. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BOT,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 40 EP 47 DI 10.2307/3759831 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA EZ654 UT WOS:A1991EZ65400005 ER PT J AU KURTZMAN, CP FELL, JW AF KURTZMAN, CP FELL, JW TI MOLECULAR RELATEDNESS BETWEEN THE BASIDIOMYCETOUS YEASTS SPORIDIOBOLUS-RUINENII AND SPOROBOLOMYCES-COPROPHILUS SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Note ID RHODOSPORIDIUM; REASSOCIATION; PICHIA C1 UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL 33149. RP KURTZMAN, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 107 EP 110 DI 10.2307/3759838 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA EZ654 UT WOS:A1991EZ65400012 ER PT J AU VESONDER, RF GOLINSKI, P PLATTNER, R ZIETKIEWICZ, DL AF VESONDER, RF GOLINSKI, P PLATTNER, R ZIETKIEWICZ, DL TI MYCOTOXIN FORMATION BY DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATES OF FUSARIUM-CROOKWELLENSE SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE TRICHOTHECENES; MYCOTOXIN; FUSARIUM-CROOKWELLENSE; ZEARALENONE; FUSARIAN-C ID NEW-ZEALAND PASTURE; ZEARALENONE AB Eighteen Fusarium crookwellense isolates from the continents of Australia, Europe, and North America were compared for their ability to produce mycotoxins on corn at 25-degrees-C after 2 weeks. Extracts from corn fermented with each Fusarium isolate were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GS/MS) for mycotoxins. Toxins detected were zearalenone (13 isolates), fusarin C (11 isolates), nivalenol (4 isolates), and diacetoxyscirpenol (2 isolates). Zearalenone and fusarin C were produced by isolates from each continent, while nivalenol was detected in the Fusarium isolates originating from Australia and one isolate from the United States. C1 ACAD AGR POZNAN,DEPT CHEM,PL-60625 POZNAN,POLAND. ACAD AGR POZNAN,INST FOOD TECHNOL PLANT ORIGIN COMMOD,PL-60624 POZNAN,POLAND. RP VESONDER, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD JAN PY 1991 VL 113 IS 1 BP 11 EP 14 DI 10.1007/BF00436378 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA EU357 UT WOS:A1991EU35700002 PM 1826538 ER PT B AU HEDIN, PA AF HEDIN, PA BE HEDIN, PA TI USE OF NATURAL-PRODUCTS IN PEST-CONTROL - DEVELOPING RESEARCH TRENDS SO NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 197TH AND 198TH NATIONAL MEETINGS OF AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC / 1989 INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF PACIFIC BASIN SOC : NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID INSECT RP HEDIN, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1897-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 449 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Organic; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Entomology GA BS56Q UT WOS:A1991BS56Q00001 ER PT B AU BARTELT, RJ DOWD, PF PLATTNER, RD AF BARTELT, RJ DOWD, PF PLATTNER, RD BE HEDIN, PA TI AGGREGATION PHEROMONE OF CARPOPHILUS-LUGUBRIS - NEW PEST-MANAGEMENT TOOLS FOR THE NITIDULID BEETLES SO NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 197TH AND 198TH NATIONAL MEETINGS OF AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC / 1989 INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF PACIFIC BASIN SOC : NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID SEX-PHEROMONE; COLEOPTERA RP BARTELT, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1897-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 449 BP 27 EP 40 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Organic; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Entomology GA BS56Q UT WOS:A1991BS56Q00003 ER PT B AU COUDRON, TA AF COUDRON, TA BE HEDIN, PA TI HOST-REGULATING FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA SO NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SYMP AT THE 197TH AND 198TH NATIONAL MEETINGS OF AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC / 1989 INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF PACIFIC BASIN SOC : NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID CAMPOLETIS-SONORENSIS POLYDNAVIRUS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LARVAE; CROCEIPES CRESSON BRACONIDAE; INSECT GROWTH-REGULATOR; CELL-FREE IMMUNITY; MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES; JUVENILE-HORMONE; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; MANDUCA-SEXTA; CALYX FLUID RP COUDRON, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 7629,RES PK,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 0 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1897-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 449 BP 41 EP 65 PG 25 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Organic; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Entomology GA BS56Q UT WOS:A1991BS56Q00004 ER PT B AU TEAL, PEA TUMLINSON, JH AF TEAL, PEA TUMLINSON, JH BE HEDIN, PA TI SEX-PHEROMONE PRODUCTION IN MOTHS - ENDOGENOUS REGULATION OF INITIATION AND INHIBITION SO NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 197TH AND 198TH NATIONAL MEETINGS OF AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC / 1989 INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF PACIFIC BASIN SOC : NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; JUVENILE-HORMONE; BIOSYNTHESIS; BEHAVIOR; LEPIDOPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; OVIPOSITION; NOCTUIDAE; VIRGIN; ZEA RP TEAL, PEA (reprint author), USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1897-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 449 BP 66 EP 77 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Organic; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Entomology GA BS56Q UT WOS:A1991BS56Q00005 ER PT B AU BIRD, TG RAINA, AK HAYES, DK AF BIRD, TG RAINA, AK HAYES, DK BE HEDIN, PA TI PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS AND MATING INHIBITION FACTORS IN INSECTS SO NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 197TH AND 198TH NATIONAL MEETINGS OF AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC / 1989 INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF PACIFIC BASIN SOC : NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID MALE ACCESSORY-GLANDS; DROSOPHILA-FUNEBRIS; PARAGONIAL SUBSTANCES; MATED FEMALE; PS-1; RECEPTIVITY; SECRETION; PEPTIDE; FATE RP BIRD, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1897-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 449 BP 78 EP 86 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Organic; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Entomology GA BS56Q UT WOS:A1991BS56Q00006 ER PT B AU KRAMER, KJ MORGAN, TD HOPKINS, TL CHRISTENSEN, A SCHAEFER, J AF KRAMER, KJ MORGAN, TD HOPKINS, TL CHRISTENSEN, A SCHAEFER, J BE HEDIN, PA TI INSECT CUTICLE TANNING - ENZYMES AND CROSS-LINK STRUCTURE SO NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 197TH AND 198TH NATIONAL MEETINGS OF AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC / 1989 INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF PACIFIC BASIN SOC : NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID N-ACETYLDOPAMINE QUINONE; IMINE CONVERSION FACTOR; MANDUCA-SEXTA L; 3,4-DIHYDROXYMANDELIC ACID; OXIDATIVE DECARBOXYLATION; CUTICULAR PHENOLOXIDASE; DOPACHROME CONVERSION; ENZYMATIC CONVERSION; TYROSINASE CATALYZES; MELANIN BIOSYNTHESIS RP KRAMER, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1897-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 449 BP 87 EP 105 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Organic; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Entomology GA BS56Q UT WOS:A1991BS56Q00007 ER PT B AU MCDONOUGH, LM AF MCDONOUGH, LM BE HEDIN, PA TI CONTROLLED RELEASE OF INSECT SEX-PHEROMONES FROM A NATURAL-RUBBER SUBSTRATE SO NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 197TH AND 198TH NATIONAL MEETINGS OF AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC / 1989 INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF PACIFIC BASIN SOC : NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID TRICHOPLUSIA-NI HUBNER; EVAPORATION RATES; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; VAPOR-PRESSURES; EMISSION RATES; FIELD-TESTS; HALF-LIVES; SEPTA; FORMULATIONS; COMPONENTS RP MCDONOUGH, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1897-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 449 BP 106 EP 124 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Organic; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Entomology GA BS56Q UT WOS:A1991BS56Q00008 ER PT B AU ELLIGER, CA WAISS, AC AF ELLIGER, CA WAISS, AC BE HEDIN, PA TI INSECT RESISTANCE FACTORS IN PETUNIA - STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY SO NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 197TH AND 198TH NATIONAL MEETINGS OF AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC / 1989 INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF PACIFIC BASIN SOC : NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID ERGOSTANE-TYPE STEROIDS; PETUNIASTERONES; BIOASSAY; HYBRIDA; PLANTS RP ELLIGER, CA (reprint author), USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1897-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 449 BP 210 EP 223 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Organic; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Entomology GA BS56Q UT WOS:A1991BS56Q00014 ER PT B AU GUELDNER, RC SNOOK, ME WISEMAN, BR WIDSTROM, NW HIMMELSBACH, DS COSTELLO, CE AF GUELDNER, RC SNOOK, ME WISEMAN, BR WIDSTROM, NW HIMMELSBACH, DS COSTELLO, CE BE HEDIN, PA TI MAYSIN IN CORN, TEOSINTE, AND CENTIPEDE GRASS SO NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 197TH AND 198TH NATIONAL MEETINGS OF AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC / 1989 INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF PACIFIC BASIN SOC : NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; GROWTH-INHIBITORS; RESISTANCE; NOCTUIDAE; FRUITWORM; TOXICITY RP GUELDNER, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,TOBACCO QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1897-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 449 BP 251 EP 263 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Organic; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Entomology GA BS56Q UT WOS:A1991BS56Q00016 ER PT B AU SEVERSON, RF JACKSON, DM JOHNSON, AW SISSON, VA STEPHENSON, MG AF SEVERSON, RF JACKSON, DM JOHNSON, AW SISSON, VA STEPHENSON, MG BE HEDIN, PA TI OVIPOSITIONAL BEHAVIOR OF TOBACCO BUDWORM AND TOBACCO HORNWORM - EFFECTS OF CUTICULAR COMPONENTS FROM NICOTIANA SPECIES SO NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 197TH AND 198TH NATIONAL MEETINGS OF AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC / 1989 INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF PACIFIC BASIN SOC : NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; LEAVES; LEAF RP SEVERSON, RF (reprint author), USDA,RB RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1897-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 449 BP 264 EP 277 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Organic; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Entomology GA BS56Q UT WOS:A1991BS56Q00017 ER PT B AU DORNER, JW COLE, RJ YAGEN, B CHRISTIANSEN, B AF DORNER, JW COLE, RJ YAGEN, B CHRISTIANSEN, B BE HEDIN, PA TI BIOREGULATION OF PREHARVEST AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION OF PEANUTS - ROLE OF STILBENE PHYTOALEXINS SO NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 197TH AND 198TH NATIONAL MEETINGS OF AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC / 1989 INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF PACIFIC BASIN SOC : NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID DROUGHT-STRESSED PEANUTS; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; TEMPERATURE; IRRIGATION; INVASION; KERNELS RP DORNER, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,1011 FORRESTER DR SE,DAWSON,GA 31742, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1897-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 449 BP 334 EP 360 PG 27 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Organic; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Entomology GA BS56Q UT WOS:A1991BS56Q00024 ER PT B AU STIPANOVIC, RD MACE, ME ELISSALDE, MH BELL, AA AF STIPANOVIC, RD MACE, ME ELISSALDE, MH BELL, AA BE HEDIN, PA TI DESOXYHEMIGOSSYPOL, A COTTON PHYTOALEXIN - STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP SO NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 197TH AND 198TH NATIONAL MEETINGS OF AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC / 1989 INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF PACIFIC BASIN SOC : NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID TERPENOID ALDEHYDE PHYTOALEXINS; VERTICILLIUM WILT RESISTANCE; DAHLIAE-INFECTED COTTON; MOSAIC-VIRUS; ELICITATION; INVOLVEMENT; SUPEROXIDE; PHASEOLLIN; GOSSYPIUM; LEAVES RP STIPANOVIC, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 805,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1897-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 449 BP 336 EP 351 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Organic; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Entomology GA BS56Q UT WOS:A1991BS56Q00023 ER PT B AU DUKE, SO BECERRIL, JM SHERMAN, TD MATSUMOTO, H AF DUKE, SO BECERRIL, JM SHERMAN, TD MATSUMOTO, H BE HEDIN, PA TI PHOTOSENSITIZING PORPHYRINS AS HERBICIDES SO NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 197TH AND 198TH NATIONAL MEETINGS OF AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC / 1989 INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF PACIFIC BASIN SOC : NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES; CUCUMIS-SATIVUS L; NONCHLOROPHYLLOUS SOYBEAN CELLS; CYCLIC IMIDE HERBICIDES; ACIFLUORFEN-METHYL; PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE; CHLOROPHYLL BIOSYNTHESIS; PHOTODYNAMIC HERBICIDES; HIGHER-PLANTS; PEROXIDIZING HERBICIDES RP DUKE, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. RI BECERRIL, JOSE/H-1560-2015 OI BECERRIL, JOSE/0000-0001-6216-3508 NR 0 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1897-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 449 BP 371 EP 386 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Organic; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Entomology GA BS56Q UT WOS:A1991BS56Q00026 ER PT B AU SNOOK, ME CHORTYK, OT CSINOS, AS AF SNOOK, ME CHORTYK, OT CSINOS, AS BE HEDIN, PA TI BLACK SHANK DISEASE FUNGUS - INHIBITION OF GROWTH BY TOBACCO ROOT CONSTITUENTS AND RELATED-COMPOUNDS SO NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 197TH AND 198TH NATIONAL MEETINGS OF AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC / 1989 INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF PACIFIC BASIN SOC : NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC RP SNOOK, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1897-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 449 BP 388 EP 398 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Organic; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Entomology GA BS56Q UT WOS:A1991BS56Q00027 ER PT B AU PETROSKI, RJ POWELL, RG AF PETROSKI, RJ POWELL, RG BE HEDIN, PA TI PREPARATIVE SEPARATION OF COMPLEX ALKALOID MIXTURE BY HIGH-SPEED COUNTERCURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY SO NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 197TH AND 198TH NATIONAL MEETINGS OF AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC / 1989 INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL CONGRESS OF PACIFIC BASIN SOC : NATURALLY OCCURING PEST BIOREGULATORS CY DEC 17-22, 1989 CL HONOLULU, HI SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM, INT CHEM CONGRESS PACIFIC BASIN SOC ID INFECTED TALL FESCUE; ENDOPHYTE; RESISTANCE RP PETROSKI, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1897-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 449 BP 426 EP 434 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Organic; Entomology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Entomology GA BS56Q UT WOS:A1991BS56Q00031 ER PT J AU LUGO, AE AF LUGO, AE TI CITIES IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TROPICAL LANDSCAPES SO NATURE & RESOURCES LA English DT Article AB Growing concern about the damage to natural ecosystems, particularly fragile tropical ones, underscores the need for determining their tolerance to intensive urban activity. This article describes the processes involved in sustainable development, provides a socio-ecological perspective on development, and discusses ecological engineering andeconomics. It also suggests ten steps designed to lead to better accommodation of cities in tropical landscapes. RP LUGO, AE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST TROP FORESTRY,CALL BOX 25000,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP PI CARNFORTH LANCASHIRE PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH LANCASHIRE, ENGLAND LA6 2LA SN 0028-0844 J9 NATURE RESOUR JI Nat. Resour. PY 1991 VL 27 IS 2 BP 27 EP 35 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA FZ838 UT WOS:A1991FZ83800005 ER PT J AU SORIA, C GOMEZGUILLAMON, ML DUFFUS, JE AF SORIA, C GOMEZGUILLAMON, ML DUFFUS, JE TI TRANSMISSION OF THE AGENT CAUSING A MELON YELLOWING DISEASE BY THE GREENHOUSE-WHITEFLY TRIALEURODES-VAPORARIORUM IN SOUTHEAST SPAIN SO NETHERLANDS JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CUCUMIS-MELO; BEET PSEUDO YELLOWS VIRUS ID VIRUS AB The agent causing a yellowing disease of melon (Cucumis melo), which results in severe losses in crops under plastic on the coastal plains of southeast Spain, was shown to be transmitted in a semipersistent manner by the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood). The agent was transmitted by grafting, but not by mechanical inoculation or through seeds. The agent was acquired in the minimum period tested (2 h) and could infect plants in an infection feeding interval of 6 h. Capsella bursa-pastoris, Cucumis melo, C. sativus, Cucurbita moschata, Cichorium endivia, Lactuca sativa and Taraxacum officinale were found susceptible. Results suggest that the yellowing disease affecting melon crops in the southeast of Spain is due to a pathogen similar to beet pseudo yellows virus, but this has to be confirmed by serology. C1 USDA ARS,US AGR RES STN,SALINAS,CA 93905. RP SORIA, C (reprint author), CISC,ESTAC EXPTL LA MAYORA,MALAGA,SPAIN. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEDERLANDSE PLANTEZIEKTENKUNDE VERENIGING PI WAGENINGEN PA PO BOX 31, 6700 WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0028-2944 J9 NETH J PLANT PATHOL PY 1991 VL 97 IS 5 BP 289 EP 296 DI 10.1007/BF01974224 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GR328 UT WOS:A1991GR32800003 ER PT J AU TUNICK, MH MACKEY, KL SMITH, PW HOLSINGER, VH AF TUNICK, MH MACKEY, KL SMITH, PW HOLSINGER, VH TI EFFECTS OF COMPOSITION AND STORAGE ON THE TEXTURE OF MOZZARELLA CHEESE SO NETHERLANDS MILK AND DAIRY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE PASTA FILATA; RHEOLOGY; INSTRON; LOW FAT; MOISTURE; PROTEOLYSIS AB Reducing the fat content in part skim Mozzarella cheese below the US legal minimum of 30 % fat in dry matter still resulted in a product with textural and meltability characteristics comparable to those of a full-fat low moisture Mozzarella. Low fat, high moisture cheese was prepared at 32.4-degrees-C and was refrigerated at 4-degrees-C for several weeks. It is apparent that rennet and starter culture enzymes were not completely deactivated during manufacture and that the proteolysis observed at 4-degrees-C was sufficient to break down the dense casein matrix that is ordinarily present in low fat cheese. Texture Profile Analysis revealed that the values for hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness in the low fat, high moisture cheese were comparable to those in the full-fat, low moisture cheese. Meltability values were also similar. The results could provide greater insight into the effects of fat and moisture on cheese texture and thus aid the development of new reduced-fat cheese products. RP TUNICK, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 20 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 3 PU PUDOC PI WAGENINGEN PA P O BOX 4, 6700 WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0028-209X J9 NETH MILK DAIRY J JI Neth. Milk Dairy J. PY 1991 VL 45 IS 2 BP 117 EP 125 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA FY007 UT WOS:A1991FY00700003 ER PT J AU BAUMGARTNER, MF RANGO, A AF BAUMGARTNER, MF RANGO, A TI SNOW COVER MAPPING USING MICROCOMPUTER IMAGE-PROCESSING SYSTEMS SO NORDIC HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article AB For many years, digital snow cover mapping using satellite data had to be carried out on large and expensive image processing systems. Recently, small computer systems (microcomputers) have been developed for image processing. Snowmelt runoff forecasting models have also been developed to run on microcomputers. Digital snow mapping procedures were surveyed, and a general snow mapping approach was developed that allows use in various snowpack regions. Tests were conducted to determine if satellite snow cover mapping could be carried out effectively on the microcomputers and which combination of software and hardware provided optimum performance. A range of computer facilities was tested and recommended capabilities for snow cover image processing were established. It was discovered that adequate microcomputer image processing systems were already on the market, and that the Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) could easily be run on the same microcomputer system. Further improvements will result as the 40486 microcomputers image processing systems become widely available. The microcomputer approach, as opposed to operation on larger, more expensive, and non dedicated systems, has much appeal for hydroelectric power companies and other small users who need economical, yet powerful, processing systems where both snow mapping and snowmelt runoff forecasting can be conducted. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BLDG 265,RM 205,BARC E,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV BERN,DEPT GEOG,CH-3000 BERN,SWITZERLAND. RP RANGO, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BLDG 265,RM 205,BARC E,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU NORDISK ASSN HYDROLOGY PI DK LYNGBY PA TECHNICAL UNIV DENMARK BUILDING 115, 2800 DK LYNGBY, DENMARK SN 0029-1277 J9 NORD HYDROL JI Nord. Hydrol. PY 1991 VL 22 IS 4 BP 193 EP 210 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA GV089 UT WOS:A1991GV08900001 ER PT B AU FRIEDMAN, M AF FRIEDMAN, M BE FRIEDMAN, M TI PREVENTION OF ADVERSE-EFFECTS OF FOOD BROWNING SO NUTRITIONAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF FOOD PROCESSING SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON NUTRITIONAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF FOOD PROCESSING CY 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST NUTR, FEDERAT AMER SOC EXPTL BIOL RP FRIEDMAN, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 0 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-306-43891-7 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1991 VL 289 BP 171 EP 215 PG 45 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology GA BT90N UT WOS:A1991BT90N00015 PM 1897392 ER PT B AU BRANDON, DL BATES, AH FRIEDMAN, M AF BRANDON, DL BATES, AH FRIEDMAN, M BE FRIEDMAN, M TI ELISA ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN TRYPSIN-INHIBITORS IN PROCESSED FOODS SO NUTRITIONAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF FOOD PROCESSING SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON NUTRITIONAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF FOOD PROCESSING CY 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST NUTR, FEDERAT AMER SOC EXPTL BIOL RP BRANDON, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-306-43891-7 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1991 VL 289 BP 321 EP 337 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology GA BT90N UT WOS:A1991BT90N00024 PM 1716818 ER PT B AU FRIEDMAN, M BRANDON, DL BATES, AH HYMOWITZ, T AF FRIEDMAN, M BRANDON, DL BATES, AH HYMOWITZ, T BE FRIEDMAN, M TI EFFECT OF HEAT ON THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY AND SAFETY OF SOYBEAN CULTIVARS SO NUTRITIONAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF FOOD PROCESSING SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON NUTRITIONAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF FOOD PROCESSING CY 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST NUTR, FEDERAT AMER SOC EXPTL BIOL RP FRIEDMAN, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-306-43891-7 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1991 VL 289 BP 339 EP 361 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology GA BT90N UT WOS:A1991BT90N00025 PM 1897401 ER PT B AU FRIEDMAN, M FINOT, PA AF FRIEDMAN, M FINOT, PA BE FRIEDMAN, M TI IMPROVEMENT IN THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF BREAD SO NUTRITIONAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF FOOD PROCESSING SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON NUTRITIONAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF FOOD PROCESSING CY 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST NUTR, FEDERAT AMER SOC EXPTL BIOL RP FRIEDMAN, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-306-43891-7 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1991 VL 289 BP 415 EP 445 PG 31 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology GA BT90N UT WOS:A1991BT90N00030 PM 1910250 ER PT B AU FRIEDMAN, M AF FRIEDMAN, M BE FRIEDMAN, M TI FORMATION, NUTRITIONAL-VALUE, AND SAFETY OF D-AMINO ACIDS SO NUTRITIONAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF FOOD PROCESSING SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON NUTRITIONAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF FOOD PROCESSING CY 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST NUTR, FEDERAT AMER SOC EXPTL BIOL RP FRIEDMAN, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 0 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-306-43891-7 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1991 VL 289 BP 447 EP 481 PG 35 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology GA BT90N UT WOS:A1991BT90N00031 PM 1897404 ER PT B AU JOHNSON, PE AF JOHNSON, PE BE FRIEDMAN, M TI EFFECT OF FOOD-PROCESSING AND PREPARATION ON MINERAL UTILIZATION SO NUTRITIONAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF FOOD PROCESSING SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON NUTRITIONAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF FOOD PROCESSING CY 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST NUTR, FEDERAT AMER SOC EXPTL BIOL RP JOHNSON, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-306-43891-7 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1991 VL 289 BP 483 EP 498 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Toxicology GA BT90N UT WOS:A1991BT90N00032 PM 1897405 ER PT B AU DAWSONHUGHES, B AF DAWSONHUGHES, B BE BURCKHARDT, P HEANEY, RP TI EFFECTS OF CALCIUM INTAKE ON CALCIUM RETENTION AND BONE-DENSITY IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF OSTEOPOROSIS SE SERONO SYMPOSIA PUBLICATIONS FROM RAVEN PRESS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF OSTEOPOROSIS CY MAY 16-18, 1991 CL LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SP SERONO FDN RP DAWSONHUGHES, B (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAVEN PRESS PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-88167-787-6 J9 SERONO SYM PY 1991 VL 85 BP 331 EP 345 PG 15 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BV61C UT WOS:A1991BV61C00029 ER PT J AU HALVORSON, JJ SMITH, JL FRANZ, EH AF HALVORSON, JJ SMITH, JL FRANZ, EH TI LUPINE INFLUENCE ON SOIL CARBON, NITROGEN AND MICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN DEVELOPING ECOSYSTEMS AT MOUNT ST-HELENS SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE MOUNT ST-HELENS; CARBON; NITROGEN; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT ID ORGANIC-CARBON; CHEMICAL-PATTERNS; PLANT SUCCESSION; BIOMASS; MAINTENANCE; WASHINGTON; GROWTH; VEGETATION; RECOVERY; DYNAMICS AB Lupine influence on soil C, N, and microbial activity was estimated by comparing root-zone soil (LR) to nonroot-zone soil (NR) collected at Mount St. Helens. Samples were collected from 5 sites forming a gradient of C and N levels as a reflection of different locations and varying volcanic disturbance by the 1980 eruption. In volcanic substrates undergoing primary ecosystem development, C and N levels were low, as would be expected, but higher in LR soil than NR soil. At the least disturbed sites, N was only slightly greater in LR soil whereas significantly less C was observed in LR soil than in surrounding NR soil. Inorganic-N concentrations were small at all sites but comprised a significant proportion of the total amount of soil N in volcanic substrates. In general, LR zone soil contained significantly more NH4+-N. The addition of glucose increased respiration in soils from all sites with the greatest relative response in volcanic soil from the low end of the C and N gradient. Active soil microbial biomass-C and cumulative respiration were correlated with C and N and were significantly greater in LR soil than in NR soil for all sites. These results are consistent with some expected trends in ecosystem development and demonstrate the significance of resource dynamics and lupines in determining patterns of ecosystem response to disturbance at Mount St. Helens. They also suggest that processes leading to soil heterogeneity can be related to either development or to degradation depending on the context of the specific ecosystem or resource under consideration. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,ENVIRONM RES CTR,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PROGRAM ENVIRONM SCI & REG PLANNING,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP HALVORSON, JJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,215 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 54 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PY 1991 VL 87 IS 2 BP 162 EP 170 DI 10.1007/BF00325253 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FX122 UT WOS:A1991FX12200002 PM 28313832 ER PT J AU MEDINA, E STERNBERG, L CUEVAS, E AF MEDINA, E STERNBERG, L CUEVAS, E TI VERTICAL STRATIFICATION OF DELTA-C-13 VALUES IN CLOSED NATURAL AND PLANTATION FORESTS IN THE LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS, PUERTO-RICO SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE DELTA-C-13 VALUE; TROPICAL FORESTS; CO2 RECYCLING ID CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; LEAVES; DIOXIDE AB The variability of delta-C-13 values was measured in leaf, stem and root tissues of several tree species growing in closed natural and plantation forests in the Luquillo mountains of Puerto Rico. Results confirm a significant decrease of delta-C-13 values from the tree canopy to the forest floor. The values measured in understory plants growing in gaps were not significantly different from the average for plants growing under the forest shade. Seedling leaf values tended to be more positive than those of saplings, probably reflecting the contribution of organic matter from the mother tree. Photosynthetic independence on the forest floor results in a reduction in delta-C-13 value. Stem and root tissue values of seedlings and saplings were less negative than those of the leaves of the same plants. It is suggested that this difference results from the slower change in isotopic composition experienced by the woody tissue, as the seedlings become photosynthetically independent in the forest floor. C1 UNIV MIAMI,DEPT BIOL,CORAL GABLES,FL 33124. US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,SO EXPT STN RIO PIEDRAS,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. RP MEDINA, E (reprint author), INST VENEZOLANO INVEST CIENT,CTR ECOL,APTDO 21827,CARACAS 1010A,VENEZUELA. NR 18 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PY 1991 VL 87 IS 3 BP 369 EP 372 DI 10.1007/BF00634593 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA GA270 UT WOS:A1991GA27000010 PM 28313264 ER PT J AU KRISCHIK, VA GOTH, RW BARBOSA, P AF KRISCHIK, VA GOTH, RW BARBOSA, P TI GENERALIZED PLANT DEFENSE - EFFECTS ON MULTIPLE SPECIES SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE GENERALIZED PLANT DEFENSE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PSEUDOMONAS SP - MANDUCA-SEXTA; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI ID INDUCED PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; ANGULAR LEAF-SPOT; INDUCED RESISTANCE; COLLETOTRICHUM-LAGENARIUM; LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; PHYTOALEXIN ACCUMULATION; SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; GROWTH-INHIBITORS AB Two species of lepidopteran herbivores, Manduca sexta (Sphingidae) and Trichoplusia ni (Noctuidae), were reared on synthetic diet containing either the alkaloid nicotine or the flavonoid rutin. Survival and pupal weight of the specialist M. sexta did not differ when larvae were reared on diet containing nicotine or rutin. In contrast, the generalist T. ni did not survive on diet containing 0.125% nicotine or greater, whereas larvae survived on all concentrations of rutin. These data demonstrate that the alkaloid nicotine is inhibitory toward generalist, but not specialist herbivores, whereas the flavonoid rutin has no effect on specialist herbivores and limited effects on generalist herbivores. Five species of Pseudomonas bacterial pathogens: P. syringae, P. syringae pv. angulata, P. syringae pv. tabaci, P. fluorescens, and P. solanacearum were grown on nutrient agar containing nicotine or rutin at concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 1.0% wet weight in 0.1% intervals. No species of Pseudomonas grew at concentrations greater than 0.5% nicotine when 10(6) colony forming units (cfu) were used, but growth occurred at all concentrations of rutin when 10(2) cfu were used. These data indicate that nicotine was inhibitory to growth of both herbivores and pathogens, suggesting that certain plant secondary chemicals with high toxicity are of a generalized nature and affect multiple species. Differences in the sensitivity of organisms to allelochemicals such as generalist or specialist can make it appear that specific allelochemicals affect specific organisms, when in fact it is the tolerance of the organism to the plant chemical that is responsible. In four separate studies, the growth of M. sexta, T. ni and Helicoverpa zea was significantly lower on plants inoculated with P. solanacearum. Alteration in leaf quality by P. solanacearum was due to either reductions in leaf nutrients or increases in allelochemicals. We speculate that localized or systemic induction by both herbivores and pathogens can cause changes in leaf quality, affecting each other's subsequent colonization. The generalized nature of plant secondary compounds and potential reciprocal effects on induction by both species suggests that herbivores and pathogens may affect plant quality through induction and diffuse interactions of disparate species can alter the community of organisms colonizing a plant. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KRISCHIK, VA (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 102 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PY 1991 VL 85 IS 4 BP 562 EP 571 DI 10.1007/BF00323769 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EY036 UT WOS:A1991EY03600014 PM 28312504 ER PT B AU SHELTON, DR HAPEMANSOMICH, CJ AF SHELTON, DR HAPEMANSOMICH, CJ BE HINCHEE, RE OLFENBUTTEL, RF TI USE OF INDIGENOUS MICROORGANISMS FOR THE DISPOSAL OF CATTLE DIP WASTE SO ON-SITE BIORECLAMATION: PROCESSES FOR XENOBIOTIC AND HYDROCARBON TREATMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIORECLAMATION CY MAR, 1991 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP BATTELLE MEM INST RP SHELTON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BLDG 050 BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI STONEHAM PA STONEHAM BN 0-7506-9302-9 PY 1991 BP 313 EP 323 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Organic; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA BU85J UT WOS:A1991BU85J00018 ER PT J AU KENT, B BARE, BB FIELD, RC BRADLEY, GA AF KENT, B BARE, BB FIELD, RC BRADLEY, GA TI NATURAL-RESOURCE LAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING USING LARGE-SCALE LINEAR-PROGRAMS - THE USDA-FOREST-SERVICE EXPERIENCE WITH FORPLAN SO OPERATIONS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PLANNING; GOVERNMENT; COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING FOR NATIONAL FORESTS; PROGRAMMING; LINEAR; APPLICATIONS; LINEAR PROGRAMMING AND FOREST PLANNING; PROFESSIONAL; OR MS IMPLEMENTATION; FOREST SERVICE IMPLEMENTATION OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH EFFORT AB FORPLAN (FORest PLANning) is a large-scale linear programming system used to support national forest land management planning. It is available in two versions, and is used extensively to help interdisciplinary planning teams develop forest-wide plans as dictated by the National Forest Management Act of 1976. Nine years of experience clearly show that while the system is working in a technical sense, troublesome issues remain. This paper begins with an overview of how USDA Forest Service planning has evolved. We then give mathematical formulations for portions of FORPLAN models and examples of how the system is used to aid planners on national forests. We present an evaluation of the use of FORPLAN that addresses five criteria including, problems associated with large-scale models and systematic, comprehensive planning, Forest Service organizational issues, the role of foresters in national forest management, and conflicts over competing land uses. We then consider lessons for operations research practitioners. Finally, we discuss a number of conclusions and recommendations, the most important being the need for the Forest Service to more clearly specify the role of forest planning in the overall agency planning hierarchy and the role of FORPLAN in forest planning. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,CTR QUANTAT SCI FORESTRY FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV GEORGIA,CTR CONTINUING EDUC,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP KENT, B (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,US FOREST SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPERATIONS RES SOC AMER PI BALTIMORE PA 1314 GUILFORD AVENUE BUSINESS OFFICE, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0030-364X J9 OPER RES JI Oper. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 13 EP 27 DI 10.1287/opre.39.1.13 PG 15 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA FC481 UT WOS:A1991FC48100003 ER PT B AU TAYLOR, RA GODBEY, LC AF TAYLOR, RA GODBEY, LC BE DESHAZER, JA MEYER, GE TI USING DIGITAL IMAGES TO MEASURE AND DISCRIMINATE SMALL PARTICLES IN COTTON SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE CY NOV 07-08, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS RP TAYLOR, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON QUAL RES STN,CLEMSON,SC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA BELLINGHAM BN 0-8194-0446-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1991 VL 1379 BP 16 EP 27 DI 10.1117/12.25071 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BS83A UT WOS:A1991BS83A00003 ER PT B AU REEVES, JB BLOSSER, TH COLENBRANDER, VF AF REEVES, JB BLOSSER, TH COLENBRANDER, VF BE DESHAZER, JA MEYER, GE TI ANALYSIS OF SILAGE COMPOSITION BY NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE CY NOV 07-08, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS RP REEVES, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA BELLINGHAM BN 0-8194-0446-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1991 VL 1379 BP 28 EP 38 DI 10.1117/12.25072 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BS83A UT WOS:A1991BS83A00004 ER PT B AU WINDHAM, WR GAINES, CS LEFFLER, RG AF WINDHAM, WR GAINES, CS LEFFLER, RG BE DESHAZER, JA MEYER, GE TI MOISTURE INFLUENCE ON NEAR-INFRARED PREDICTION OF WHEAT HARDNESS SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE CY NOV 07-08, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS RP WINDHAM, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,PLANT STRUCT & COMPOSIT RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA BELLINGHAM BN 0-8194-0446-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1991 VL 1379 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1117/12.25073 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BS83A UT WOS:A1991BS83A00005 ER PT B AU MCDONALD, TP CHEN, YR AF MCDONALD, TP CHEN, YR BE DESHAZER, JA MEYER, GE TI COMPARISON OF METHODS TO TREAT NONUNIFORM ILLUMINATION IN IMAGES SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE CY NOV 07-08, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS RP MCDONALD, TP (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,BIOL ENGN UNIT,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA BELLINGHAM BN 0-8194-0446-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1991 VL 1379 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.1117/12.25078 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BS83A UT WOS:A1991BS83A00010 ER PT B AU DOWELL, FE POWELL, JH AF DOWELL, FE POWELL, JH BE DESHAZER, JA MEYER, GE TI DAMAGE DETECTION IN PEANUT GRADE SAMPLES USING CHROMATICITY AND LUMINANCE SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE CY NOV 07-08, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS RP DOWELL, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,DAWSON,GA 31742, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA BELLINGHAM BN 0-8194-0446-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1991 VL 1379 BP 136 EP 140 DI 10.1117/12.25083 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BS83A UT WOS:A1991BS83A00015 ER PT B AU ZAYAS, IY STEELE, JL AF ZAYAS, IY STEELE, JL BE DESHAZER, JA MEYER, GE TI IMAGE-ANALYSIS APPLICATIONS FOR GRAIN SCIENCE SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE CY NOV 07-08, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS RP ZAYAS, IY (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA BELLINGHAM BN 0-8194-0446-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1991 VL 1379 BP 151 EP 161 DI 10.1117/12.25086 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BS83A UT WOS:A1991BS83A00017 ER PT B AU SCHATZKI, TF KEAGY, PM AF SCHATZKI, TF KEAGY, PM BE DESHAZER, JA MEYER, GE TI EFFECT OF IMAGE SIZE AND CONTRAST ON THE RECOGNITION OF INSECTS IN RADIOGRAMS SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE CY NOV 07-08, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS RP SCHATZKI, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA BELLINGHAM BN 0-8194-0446-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1991 VL 1379 BP 182 EP 188 DI 10.1117/12.25089 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BS83A UT WOS:A1991BS83A00020 ER PT B AU WILLIAMS, EJ ADAMS, SD AF WILLIAMS, EJ ADAMS, SD BE DESHAZER, JA MEYER, GE TI A 3D VISION SYSTEM FOR PEANUT POD MATURITY SO OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON OPTICS IN AGRICULTURE CY NOV 07-08, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS RP WILLIAMS, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SYST RES UNIT,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA BELLINGHAM BN 0-8194-0446-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1991 VL 1379 BP 236 EP 245 DI 10.1117/12.25096 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BS83A UT WOS:A1991BS83A00025 ER PT J AU KAMM, JA AF KAMM, JA TI LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF DARGIDA-PROCINCTA (GROTE) (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) IN THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CUTWORM; GRASS PEST; LARVAL GROWTH AB Larval growth of D. procincta (Grote) was regulated by temperature and larvae required 20.5 days at 27-degrees-C to complete larval development vs 51.2 days at 15-degrees-C. Duration of the pupal stage was 11.7 days at 27-degrees-C vs 36.7 days at 15-degrees-C. Photoperiod had no observable effect on larval development. The six instars were readily distinguished by the width of head capsule. Third instars, observed in the field in early April, are believed to emerge as adults in June and lay eggs for a second generation. Dense infestations of larvae were observed to develop on the lush spring growth of grasses but not on the fall regrowth of established or seedling stands of ryegrass. RP KAMM, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 67 IS 1 BP 20 EP 23 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF772 UT WOS:A1991FF77200002 ER PT J AU TOLONEN, Y AF TOLONEN, Y TI IDEAL STRENGTH OF SAWN TIMBER SO PAPERI JA PUU-PAPER AND TIMBER LA English DT Article DE DEFECTS; IDEAL STRENGTH; KNOT; MODULUS OF ELASTICITY; MODULUS OF RUPTURE; SLOPE OF GRAIN; STRENGTH RATIO; STRENGTH GRADING AB The author starts with the definition he has adopted for the term "Ideal Strength". It is the hypothetical strength of full size sawn timber without any defects. It is calculated from a test value of the specimen with a defect by dividing it by a correcting factor, which is a result both of strength ratios of the defect causing failure or contributing to it and of adjusting factors. This gives the non-failure natural characteristics their average values. The defect strength ratio expresses the percentage of the load of clear wood the specimen with a defect can carry. The strength ratios and the other adjusting factors can be applied one after another on a test value of sawn timber. To reduce variability efficiently, every separate factor as well as their product should have a good correlation with the test values. Testing of these correlations gives a good means of checking which of the factors have the most beneficial influence in reducing the standard deviation of the ideal strength values. It also gives an opportunity both to check the magnitude as well as to select the best way the separate factors are to be calculated. The author obtained good results using the method for analyzing the results of tensile (9 spms) and bending (20 spms) test of Pinus silverstris made in Helsinki University of Technology in 1987. The standard deviations were reduced as follows: tensile strength from 34% to 7%, modulus of rupture in bending from 23% to 10%, modulus of elasticity (MOE) in tension from 13% to 9%, and MOE in bending from 14% to 9%. The correlations (r) between the final factors and the test values were respectively: 0.972, 0.914, 0.768 and 0.818. It must be noted that at the same time the correlation between test values of strength and elasticity were very low. In conclusion, the Ideal Strength Method gives new opportunities to analyze test results of dimension timber. The influence and magnitude of different factors on lumber strength can easily be checked and if necessary corrected. The grading rules can then be adjusted accordingly. The design values can be considerably improved for timber graded more acurately due to the reduced standard deviations. The number of tests needed for design values of separate species and grades is very much smaller than in the present procedures. In this way secondary species also acquire their own grading rules as well as design values and will be utilized to their full potential. RP TOLONEN, Y (reprint author), FOREST PROD LAB,1 GILFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FINNISH PAPER TIMBER PI HELSINKI HELSINGFORS 14 PA PIETARINKATU 1 C PETERSGATAN BOX 176, 00141 HELSINKI HELSINGFORS 14, FINLAND SN 0031-1243 J9 PAP PUU-PAP TIM JI Pap. Ja Puu-Pap. Timber PY 1991 VL 73 IS 7 BP 653 EP & PG 0 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA GG778 UT WOS:A1991GG77800016 ER PT J AU SCHOR, J AF SCHOR, J TI BLACK-PROPHETS OF JUSTICE - ACTIVIST CLERGY BEFORE THE CIVIL-WAR - SWIFT,DE SO PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY LA English DT Book Review RP SCHOR, J (reprint author), USDA,ECONOMIC RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HISTORICAL SOC PA PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1300 LOCUST ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 0031-4587 J9 PENN MAG HIST BIOG JI Pa. Mag. Hist. Biogr. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 115 IS 1 BP 129 EP 130 PG 2 WC History SC History GA ER568 UT WOS:A1991ER56800013 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, WG SCHRECK, CE AF TAYLOR, WG SCHRECK, CE TI SYNTHESIS AND MOSQUITO REPELLENT PROPERTIES OF SOME 2-ALKYL-N-ACETYLOXAZOLIDINES SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OXAZOLIDINE DERIVATIVES; DIASTEREOMERS AB Twenty 2,3-disubstituted oxazolidines, mostly with an alkyl group at C-2 and an acetyl group at N-3 have been synthesized and evaluated in the laboratory as mosquito repellents. Repellent activity was assessed in two bioassays with three mosquito species, using a human arm as bait. In patch tests, oxazolidines with an n-hexyl, n-heptyl or n-octyl group showed better activity than those with shorter or longer side chains. In stocking tests, prolonged repellency of selected oxazolidines was evident against Anopheles quadrimaculatus. Some of these experimental chemicals, for example N-acetyl-2-octyl oxazolidine, warrant further investigations as potentially useful insect repellents. C1 USDA ARS,INSECTS AFFECTING MAN & ANIM RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. USDA,EDUC ADM,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP TAYLOR, WG (reprint author), AGR CANADA,RES STN,POB 3000,LETHBRIDGE T1J 4B1,ALBERTA,CANADA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PY 1991 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1002/ps.2780330102 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA GQ387 UT WOS:A1991GQ38700001 ER PT J AU MCDOWELL, LL WILLIS, GH SOUTHWICK, LM SMITH, S AF MCDOWELL, LL WILLIS, GH SOUTHWICK, LM SMITH, S TI INTERCEPTION AND PERSISTENCE OF PARATHION AND FENVALERATE ON COTTON PLANTS AS A FUNCTION OF APPLICATION METHOD SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ULTRA-LOW-VOLUME; FOLIAGE; LEAVES; DEPOSITION; DRIFT; OIL AB Parathion (O,O-diethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate) and fenvalerate [(RS)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (RS)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate] were applied by controlled droplet applicators (CDAs) and conventional hydraulic nozzles in refined soybean oil, soybean oil + water, or water, to mature cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as ULV (ultra-low volume, < 5 litre ha-1), VLV (very low volume, 5-50 litre ha-1), or LV (low volume, 50-200 litre ha-1) carrier rates. The use of CDA or soybean oil applied as ULV and VLV sprays did not produce greater deposition or persistence for either insecticide during the 49-h test period following application. In general, insecticide persistence was greatest when applied with water or soybean oil + water as LV sprays using the conventional TX8 hydraulic nozzle. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,UNIV STN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70893. RP MCDOWELL, LL (reprint author), USDA,SEDIMENTAT LAB,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PY 1991 VL 33 IS 3 BP 271 EP 279 DI 10.1002/ps.2780330303 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA GW734 UT WOS:A1991GW73400002 ER PT J AU WAUCHOPE, RD YOUNG, JR CHALFANT, RB MARTI, LR SUMNER, HR AF WAUCHOPE, RD YOUNG, JR CHALFANT, RB MARTI, LR SUMNER, HR TI DEPOSITION, MOBILITY AND PERSISTENCE OF SPRINKLER-IRRIGATION-APPLIED CHLORPYRIFOS ON CORN FOLIAGE AND IN SOIL SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE HERBICIDE SPRAY; COTTON PLANTS; INSECT PESTS; RAINFALL; 2,4-D; FATE; DISSIPATION; CHEMIGATION; EFFICIENCY; ABSORPTION AB The insecticide chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) was applied to sweet corn (Zea mays L.) by chemigation, injecting either an emulsifiable formulation or technical chlorpyrifos dissolved in soybean oil into 0.25 cm or 1.27 cm sprinkler-applied irrigation water. Half of the plots treated with chlorpyrifos in 0.25 cm water were immediately irrigated further with 1.27 cm water without chlorpyrifos. Half the plots treated with chlorpyrifos in 1.27 cm water were irrigated with another 1.27 cm water without chlorpyrifos 10 days later. Neither the volume of water used to apply the insecticide nor subsequent irrigation affected chlorpyrifos residues on the corn foliage or in the soil. Chemigation of the soybean oil solution resulted in three times more chlorpyrifos on the foliage than chemigation of the emulsion formulation, apparently because of greater adhesion of the oil droplets to the foliar surface. Chlorpyrifos residues in foliage declined with an initial half-life of one day. Chlorpyrifos on or near the soil surface declined with an initial half-life of approximately four days. RP WAUCHOPE, RD (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PY 1991 VL 32 IS 2 BP 235 EP 243 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA FX776 UT WOS:A1991FX77600010 ER PT J AU MACISAAC, SA PAUL, RN DEVINE, MD AF MACISAAC, SA PAUL, RN DEVINE, MD TI A SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE STUDY OF GLYPHOSATE DEPOSITS IN RELATION TO FOLIAR UPTAKE SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BINDWEED CONVOLVULUS-ARVENSIS; HERBICIDE DISPERSAL PATTERNS; ABSORPTION; TRANSLOCATION; METABOLISM; SURFACTANT AB The effects of several formulations on foliar uptake of glyphosate, and on the morphology of glyphosate deposits on leaves, were examined in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.). [C-14]glyphosate, in the form of the free acid or the isopropylamine salt (IPAS), was applied to foliage alone or with various adjuvants. Uptake of all glyphosate IPAS formulations was greater than that of the corresponding acid formulation. Addition of 'Tween 20' enhanced the uptake of glyphosate IPAS compared to glyphosate alone, but had no effect on the uptake of glyphosate acid. Ammonium sulfate and the 'Roundup' formulation blank increased the uptake of glyphosate acid and IPAS to 2-3 times that of herbicide alone. Surface deposits, as observed by scanning electron microscopy, varied with the formulation of the herbicide, although there were no differences between the acid and IPAS formulations. Glyphosate alone initially formed a deposit with both crystalline and smooth, amorphous areas. Later in the treatment period (48 and 72 h after application), the deposit was almost entirely crystalline. The addition of 'Tween 20' or of formulation blank resulted in the formation of a more amorphous, non-crystalline deposit. Herbicide solutions containing ammonium sulfate dried to form a highly crystalline deposit. However, crystals similar to those of glyphosate alone were not visible in these deposits. The ability of these adjuvants to prevent or delay crystal formation may play a role in their enhancement of herbicide uptake. C1 UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,DEPT CROP SCI & PLANT ECOL,SASKATOON S7N 0W0,SASKATCHEWAN,CANADA. USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 21 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PY 1991 VL 31 IS 1 BP 53 EP 64 DI 10.1002/ps.2780310107 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA FG647 UT WOS:A1991FG64700006 ER PT J AU LOCKE, MA HARPER, SS AF LOCKE, MA HARPER, SS TI METRIBUZIN DEGRADATION IN SOIL .1. EFFECTS OF SOYBEAN RESIDUE AMENDMENT, METRIBUZIN LEVEL, AND SOIL DEPTH SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENCE; METOLACHLOR; RECEPTION; ATRAZINE; KINETICS; BACTERIA; SYSTEMS; SURFACE; STRAW; MODEL AB Plant residue and soil depth effects on metribuzin degradation were investigated. Dundee silt loam soil collected at depth increments of 0-10 cm (SUR) and 10-35 cm (SUB) was treated with labeled [5-C-14]metribuzin. Samples were assayed at several time points up to 140 days after treatment. Soybean residue was added to half of the SUR samples (RES), with remaining SUR unamended (NORES). None of the SUB samples were amended with soybean residue. Metribuzin mineralization to (CO2)-C-14 proceeded more slowly in RES and SUB than in NORES and SUR, respectively. Extractable components in SUR samples included polar metabolites, plus deaminated metribuzin (DA) in the RES, and parent metribuzin in the NORES. Deaminated diketometribuzin (DADK) and metribuzin comprised major C-14 components extracted from SUB, while in SUR, faster degradation of metabolites resulted in metrizubin as the primary identifiable compound. Unextractable C-14 increased until day 35 for both RES and NORES, after which it remained constant for NORES, but declined for RES. A corresponding rise in RES polar C-14 suggested that as soybean residue decomposed, C-14 bound in the residue was released as extractable polar material. Soil with soybean residue accumulation may alter metabolite degradation patterns, but does not impede initial metribuzin degradation. Depth differences in metribuzin degradation were attributed to reductions in microbial activity with increasing soil depth. RP LOCKE, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 25 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PY 1991 VL 31 IS 2 BP 221 EP 237 DI 10.1002/ps.2780310210 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA FH544 UT WOS:A1991FH54400009 ER PT J AU LOCKE, MA HARPER, SS AF LOCKE, MA HARPER, SS TI METRIBUZIN DEGRADATION IN SOIL .2. EFFECTS OF TILLAGE SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENCE; FATE AB A 140-day laboratory incubation, using surface soil from a long-term soybean tillage study, evaluated tillage influence on [C-14]metribuzin degradation. Higher plant residue conditions in no-tillage (NT) soil inhibited metribuzin mineralization to [C-14]carbon dioxide as compared to metribuzin degradation patterns observed in conventional tillage (CT) soil. At 140 days, relative abundance of extractable C-14 components in NT included polar metabolites > metribuzin = deaminated metribuzin (DA) = deaminated diketometribuzin (DADK), while in CT, components included metribuzin > polar metabolites > DADK >> DA. Conditions in NT apparently inhibited polar C-14 degradation, and resulted in its accumulation, while in CT polar C-14 degradation proceeded relatively rapidly. For both NT and CT, more C-14 was measured in an unextractable fraction than in any other fraction. A greater portion of the unextractable fraction in NT was associated with decomposed plant residue than in CT. Surface accumulation of crop residue, such as occurs under NT, provided a soil environment which altered metribuzin degradation patterns. RP LOCKE, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PY 1991 VL 31 IS 2 BP 239 EP 247 DI 10.1002/ps.2780310211 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA FH544 UT WOS:A1991FH54400010 ER PT B AU HAPEMANSOMICH, CJ AF HAPEMANSOMICH, CJ BE SOMASUNDARAM, L COATS, JR TI MINERALIZATION OF PESTICIDE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS SO PESTICIDE TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS: FATE AND SIGNIFICANCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 200TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY AUG 26-31, 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM ID 4-CARBOXY-1-METHYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE; MICROBIAL METABOLISM; PYRIDINIUM COMPOUNDS; ALACHLOR; SOIL; HERBICIDES; OZONATION; PARAQUAT; OZONE; WATER RP HAPEMANSOMICH, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1994-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 459 BP 133 EP 147 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BT10W UT WOS:A1991BT10W00010 ER PT B AU DUKE, SO MOORMAN, TB BRYSON, CT AF DUKE, SO MOORMAN, TB BRYSON, CT BE SOMASUNDARAM, L COATS, JR TI PHYTOTOXICITY OF PESTICIDE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS SO PESTICIDE TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS: FATE AND SIGNIFICANCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 200TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY AUG 26-31, 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM ID TRIFLURALIN SOIL METABOLITES; COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; RESIDUES; GROWTH; BIOAVAILABILITY; MICROORGANISMS; YIELD; GLYPHOSATE; FLUOMETURON; HERBICIDES RP DUKE, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1994-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 459 BP 188 EP 204 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BT10W UT WOS:A1991BT10W00014 ER PT B AU PLIMMER, JR JOHNSON, WE AF PLIMMER, JR JOHNSON, WE BE SOMASUNDARAM, L COATS, JR TI PESTICIDE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS IN THE ATMOSPHERE SO PESTICIDE TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS: FATE AND SIGNIFICANCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 200TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY AUG 26-31, 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PARATHION; PHOTOOXIDATION; TRIFLURALIN; WATER; AIR RP PLIMMER, JR (reprint author), USDA,NATL RESOURCES INST,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8412-1994-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 459 BP 274 EP 284 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BT10W UT WOS:A1991BT10W00019 ER PT J AU EPHRATH, JE HESKETH, JD AF EPHRATH, JE HESKETH, JD TI THE EFFECTS OF DROUGHT STRESS ON LEAF ELONGATION, PHOTOSYNTHETIC AND TRANSPIRATION RATES IN MAIZE (ZEA-MAYS L) LEAVES SO PHOTOSYNTHETICA LA English DT Article ID ANNUUS L CULTIVARS; WATER DEFICITS; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; SOIL-WATER; SUNFLOWER; POTENTIALS; EXPANSION; RECOVERY; PATTERNS AB Effects of drought stress on leaf elongation rates, transpiration rates (E) and the leaf and whole plant photosynthetic rates (P(N)) in maize plants grown in controlled environment were studied. The reduction in leaf elongation rate began when water potentials (PSI-1) decreased by 0.7 to 0.8 MPa. Under well watered conditions, no differences in leaf elongation rates were found between day and night, while under mild drought stress, leaf elongation stopped during the day and continued during the night. P(N) did not decrease as fast as leaf elongation rate, as PSI-1 decreased. P(N) continued to decrease for several days after PSI-1 had stabilized at the minimum level for our conditions. After rewatering, leaf P(N) recovered faster than PSI-1 or elongation rates. The reduction in E under drought stress was fast; one day after the beginning of the drought treatment, E was practically zero. RP EPHRATH, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTHET RES UNIT,190 PABL BIOTECHNOL BLDG,1201 W GREGORY ST,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. RI EPHRATH, JHONATHAN/F-1768-2012 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 11 PU INST EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE 6 PA NA KARLOVCE 1A, PRAGUE 6, CZECH REPUBLIC CS-160 00 SN 0300-3604 J9 PHOTOSYNTHETICA JI Photosynthetica PY 1991 VL 25 IS 4 BP 607 EP 619 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JM843 UT WOS:A1991JM84300015 ER PT J AU VU, JCV YELENOSKY, G AF VU, JCV YELENOSKY, G TI PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES OF CITRUS TREES TO SOIL FLOODING SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE CITRUS; CO2 ASSIMILATION; DARK RESPIRATION; RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE; ROOTSTOCK; SUGARS; WATERLOGGING ID GAS-EXCHANGE; GROWTH-RESPONSES; SEEDLINGS; LEAVES; PLANTS; STRESS AB Continuous soil flooding reduced leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance to water vapor, chlorophyll concentration and activity of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco, EC 4.1.1.39) of sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Hamlin] trees grafted onto rough lemon (RL; C. jambhiri Lush.) and sour orange (SO; C. aurantium L.) rootstocks. After 24 days of waterlogging, trees showed senescence, wilting and abscission of leaves, and these symptoms were more evident with flooded Hamlin/SO than Hamlin/RL. Reduction of leaf photosynthetic rate at day 24 was ca 94% , of stomatal conductance, 71%, of chlorophyll, 38% and of Rubisco, 62% for flooded Hamlin/SO, compared with 22, 5, 18 and 33%, respectively, for flooded Hamlin/RL. For both Hamlin/RL and Hamlin/SO, leaf photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance to water vapor were closely correlated (r2 = 0.87). Leaf internal CO2 concentration of flooded trees, however, was not decreased by reduced stomatal conductance. Dark respiration rates of fibrous roots of flooded trees were greatly reduced, but not in leaf tissues. Total nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations were higher in leaves (50 and 80% increases for Hamlin/SO and Hamlin/RL, respectively), but drastically reduced in roots (60 and 45% reductions for Hamlin/SO and Hamlin/RL, respectively), as a result of flooding. The data indicate that Hamlin grafted onto RL roostocks was more tolerant to soil flooding than Hamlin grafted onto SO rootstocks. RP VU, JCV (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 30 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 9 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 81 IS 1 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1991.810102.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EV120 UT WOS:A1991EV12000002 ER PT J AU HOWLE, PKW FITES, RC AF HOWLE, PKW FITES, RC TI GTP-SPECIFIC PYROPHOSPHORYLATION OF THIAMIN IN DARK-GROWN SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX) SEEDLING AXES SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE-MAX; GTP; PRODUCT INHIBITION; SOYBEAN THIAMIN PYROPHOSPHATE; THIAMIN PYROPHOSPHOTRANSFERASE ID BINDING; PYROPHOSPHATE; CHLOROPLASTS; DIPHOSPHATE; COENZYME; ENZYME AB ATP:thiamin pyroposphotransferase (TPT; EC 2.7.6.2) was purified 5 900-fold from 48 h dark-grown soybean [Glycine max (L.), Merr. cv. Ransom II] seedling axes. TPT activity was monitored during purification by measuring the formation of thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) from [2-C-14)-thiamin at optimal pH (7.3). Although other nucleoside triophosphates were active as pyrophosphate donors (apparent K(m)s from 21 to 138 mM), GTP was the preferred nucleotide with an apparent K(m) of 0.021 mM. TPT activity was extremely sensitive to TPP formation, suggesting product feedback inhibition of TPT activity in vivo. Sulfhydryl, H+ and Mg2+ concentrations, either independently or in concert, were found to affect TPT activity. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,BOX 7612,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 81 IS 1 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1991.810104.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EV120 UT WOS:A1991EV12000004 ER PT J AU FELKER, FC THOMAS, PA CRAWFORD, CG AF FELKER, FC THOMAS, PA CRAWFORD, CG TI ISOLATION AND SUGAR UPTAKE CHARACTERISTICS OF PROTOPLASTS FROM MAIZE ENDOSPERM SUSPENSION-CULTURES SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE CORN; ENDOSPERM CULTURES; MAIZE; PROTOPLASTS; SUGAR TRANSPORT; ZEA-MAYS ID TRANSPORT; MEMBRANE AB The isolation and sugar uptake characteristics of protoplasts from maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm-derived suspension cultures are described. In contrast with protoplasts from intact developing endosperm, which by virtue of their large size and high starch content are too fragile for sugar uptake experiments, suspension cultures yielded protoplasts capable of withstanding the necessary handling and centrifugations. Intactness of the protoplasts was demonstrated by dye exclusion or accumulation and latency of malate dehydrogenase activity. Uptake of radioactivity from [H-3]-inulin did not increase with time, but that from [C-14]-sugars increased over a wide range of external concentrations. Kinetics of fructose, glucose and sucrose uptake were biphasic, and the saturable components of uptake were eliminated by p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate (PCMBS). Rates of uptake of 1'-fluorosucrose were similar, confirming that hydrolysis by cell wall invertase contributes to sucrose uptake by the suspension cultures. The isolation of protoplasts from this tissue source will enable experimental access to plasma membrane sugar carriers which may exist in the intact maize endosperm. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT EXTENS,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP FELKER, FC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 81 IS 1 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EV120 UT WOS:A1991EV12000014 ER PT J AU GUPTA, SC CREASY, LL AF GUPTA, SC CREASY, LL TI THE EFFECTS OF SUNFLOWER L-PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE INACTIVATING FACTOR ON RHODOTORULA-GLUTINIS L-PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS; COMPOSITAE; INACTIVATING FACTOR; PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; PLASTIDS; REGULATION; RHODOTORULA-GLUTINIS ID TRANS-CINNAMIC ACID; SWEET-POTATO; ROOT-TISSUE; SYSTEM; INHIBITION; ELICITOR; LEAVES; CELLS; LIGHT AB Phenylalanine ammonia-lyse inactivating factor (IF) prepared from chloroplasts isolated from sunflower leaves was utilized to study its inactivating effects on L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase from Rhodotorula glutinis in vitro. The effects of inactivation by inactivating factor were compared with those caused by chemicals such as sodium borohydride and nitromethane. The sunflower inactivator acted as an enzyme and enzymatic inactivation caused irreversible loss of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase catalytic activity accompanied by shortening of the enzyme molecule. However, the capacity of IF-inactivated phenylalanine ammonia-lyase to bind to L-phenylalanine, the enzyme substrate, was maintained. These effects of the inactivating factor from sunflower leaves are quite different from those of inhibitors (reversible loss of catalytic activity) isolated from different sources by other workers. The results suggest that inactivation plays an important role in in vivo regulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT POMOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP GUPTA, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 1 BP 85 EP 88 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)84103-Y PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA EQ304 UT WOS:A1991EQ30400008 ER PT J AU WHITAKER, BD AF WHITAKER, BD TI CHANGES IN LIPIDS OF TOMATO FRUIT STORED AT CHILLING AND NON-CHILLING TEMPERATURES SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; SOLANACEAE; TOMATO FRUIT; FREE FATTY ACIDS; PHOSPHOLIPID; PHYTOSTEROLS; STERYL LIPIDS; CHILLING; POSTHARVEST ID INJURY; SENESCENCE; MEMBRANES AB Mature green tomato fruits (Lycopersicon esculentum) were stored at non-chilling or chilling temperature (15 or 2-degrees, respectively) for 2, 4, 8 or 12 days after harvest. Fruit stored at 15-degrees had progressed to the pink stage of ripening after 12 days, whereas fruit stored at 2-degrees had not ripened significantly. On a fresh weight basis, the phospholipid content of tomato pericarp tissue changed very little during storage at either 15 or 2-degrees. Free fatty acids increased three-fold in fruit held at 15-degrees and 1.2-fold in fruit held at 2-degrees. Total sterol content increased during storage at both 15 and 2-degrees. The increase in free sterols was greater in chilled compared to unchilled fruit, whereas the reverse was true for steryl esters. Chilling had no effect on the amounts of free and acylated steryl glycosides. The stigmasterol:sitosterol ratio in all steryl lipids increased dramatically with storage at 15-degrees, but only slightly with storage at 2-degrees. RP WHITAKER, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 3 BP 757 EP 761 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)85247-W PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA EZ692 UT WOS:A1991EZ69200007 ER PT J AU ZINKEL, DF MAGEE, TV AF ZINKEL, DF MAGEE, TV TI RESIN ACIDS OF PINUS-PONDEROSA NEEDLES SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PINUS-PONDEROSA; PINACEAE; NEEDLES; OLEORESIN; LABDANE DITERPENES; SUCCINYLISOCUPRESSIC ACID; IMBRICATALOIC ACID ID OLEORESIN; TERPENOIDS; SIBIRICA AB Resin acids of ponderosa pine needle oleoresins are characterized by labdane diterpenes. Imbricataloic and/or acetyl- and succinyl-isocupressic acids predominate. Succinyl derivatives of neutral diterpenes were also found. RP ZINKEL, DF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 3 BP 845 EP 848 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA EZ692 UT WOS:A1991EZ69200025 ER PT J AU MILES, DH DEMEDEIROS, JMR CHITTAWONG, V HEDIN, PA SWITHENBANK, C LIDERT, Z AF MILES, DH DEMEDEIROS, JMR CHITTAWONG, V HEDIN, PA SWITHENBANK, C LIDERT, Z TI 3'-FORMYL-2',4',6'-TRIHYDROXYDIHYDROCHALCONE FROM PSIDIUM-ACUTANGULUM SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PSIDIUM-ACUTANGULUM; MYRTACEAE; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-TERES; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; FUNGI; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; 3'-FORMYL-2',4',6'-TRIHYDROXYDIHYDROCHALCONE ID VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS; L FRUIT; GUAJAVA; GUAVA AB Twig and leaf extracts of the Peruvian plant Psidium acutangulum were shown to have antifungal properties against the fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Helminthosporium teres and Pythium ultimum. Chemical investigation of these extracts resulted in the isolation of the new compound, 3'-formyl-2',4',6'-trihydroxychalcone, which demonstrated activity against the fungi R. solani and H. teres. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,USDA,CROP SCI LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. ROHM & HAAS CO,SPRING HOUSE,PA 19477. RP MILES, DH (reprint author), UNIV CENT FLORIDA,DEPT CHEM,ORLANDO,FL 32816, USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1131 EP 1132 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)95188-4 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FF568 UT WOS:A1991FF56800019 ER PT J AU HERMAN, Z FONG, CH HASEGAWA, S AF HERMAN, Z FONG, CH HASEGAWA, S TI BIOSYNTHESIS OF LIMONOID GLUCOSIDES IN NAVEL ORANGE SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CITRUS-SINENSIS; RUTACEAE; NAVEL ORANGE; LIMONOIDS; LIMONIN; NOMILIN; LIMONOID GLUCOSIDES; BIOSYNTHESIS ID CITRUS AB Using radioactive tracers, nomilin was converted to nomilin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside in the mature albedo tissue of a navel orange. The reaction utilized UDP-glucose as a substrate. Application of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid to small green navel oranges initiated the formation of limonoid glucosides in the fruit. Nomilin glucoside was not metabolized in the mature albedo tissue. The formation of limonoid glucosides represent a natural pathway for the debittering of citrus juices. RP HERMAN, Z (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1487 EP 1488 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)84193-V PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FJ568 UT WOS:A1991FJ56800024 ER PT J AU ZDERO, C BOHLMANN, F BOLDT, PE AF ZDERO, C BOHLMANN, F BOLDT, PE TI PSEUDOGUAIANOLIDES AND OTHER CONSTITUENTS FROM HYMENOXYS-LINEARIFOLIUM SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HYMENOXYS-LINEARIFOLIUM; COMPOSITAE; SESQUITERPENE LACTONES; PSEUDOGUAIANOLIDES; GERMACRANOLIDE; GUAIANOLIDE; MONOTERPENE GLUCOPYRANOSIDES; GLUCOPYRANOSIDE P-COUMARATES ID LANTHANIDE-INDUCED SHIFTS; + G PARKER; SESQUITERPENE LACTONES; ANTILEUKEMIC PSEUDOGUAIANOLIDES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ODORATA DC; BITTERWEED; STEREOCHEMISTRY; FLORIGRANDIN AB The aerial parts of Hymenoxys linearifolium afforded, in addition to four known pseudoguaianolides, 12 new ones: a germacranolide, a guaianolide, five esterified glucopyranosides of 9-hydroxy-gamma-geraniol and two glucopyranosides esterified with 2-methylbutyric and E- and Z-p-coumaric acid, respectively. The structures were elucidated by high field NMR techniques. C1 USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. RP ZDERO, C (reprint author), TECH UNIV BERLIN,INST ORGAN CHEM,W-1000 BERLIN 12,GERMANY. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1585 EP 1590 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)84213-C PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FJ568 UT WOS:A1991FJ56800044 ER PT J AU PORTER, LJ MA, Z CHAN, BG AF PORTER, LJ MA, Z CHAN, BG TI CACAO PROCYANIDINS - MAJOR FLAVONOIDS AND IDENTIFICATION OF SOME MINOR METABOLITES SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE THEOBROMA-CACAO; STERCULIACEAE; COCOA BEANS; PROCYANIDIN; OLIGOMERS; POLYMERS; EFFECT OF FERMENTATION ID POLYMERS CONDENSED TANNINS; EPHEDRA ROOTS; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; STEREOCHEMISTRY; (-)-EPICATECHIN; CONSTITUENTS; DERIVATIVES; WEIGHT AB Fresh, unfermented cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao seeds) contain approximately 2% w/w epicatechin and almost exclusively epicatechin based procyanidin oligomers and polymers. These are concentrated largely in the flesh of the beans. Together with commonly encountered epicatechin oligomeric procyanidins, three new procyanidin natural products were isolated: epicatechin-(2-beta --> 5,4-beta--> 6)-epicatechin; 3T-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-ent-epicatechin-(2-alpha --> 7,4-alpha --> 8)-epicatechin; 3T-O-L-arabinopyranosyl-ent-epicatechin-(2-alpha --> 7,4-alpha --> 8)-epicatechin. C1 NANJING FORESTRY UNIV,NANJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. RP PORTER, LJ (reprint author), DSIR,PETONE,NEW ZEALAND. NR 24 TC 104 Z9 111 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1657 EP 1663 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)84228-K PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FJ568 UT WOS:A1991FJ56800059 ER PT J AU GRIESBACH, RJ ASEN, S LEONNARAT, BA AF GRIESBACH, RJ ASEN, S LEONNARAT, BA TI PETUNIA-HYBRIDA ANTHOCYANINS ACYLATED WITH CAFFEIC ACID SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE PETUNIA-HYBRIDA; SOLANACEAE; ACYLATED ANTHOCYANIN; FLOWER COLOR; HPLC ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IDENTIFICATION AB It has been reported that the acylated anthocyanins found within Petunia are exclusively 3-p-coumaroyl-rutinoside-5-glucosides. However, in this report we show the wide occurrence of 3-rutinoside-5-glucosides acylated with caffeic acid in these plants. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP GRIESBACH, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1729 EP 1731 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)84250-V PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FJ568 UT WOS:A1991FJ56800081 ER PT J AU PRESSEY, R AF PRESSEY, R TI POLYGALACTURONASE IN TREE POLLENS SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE POPULUS-DELTOIDES; SALICACEAE; EASTERN COTTONWOOD; QUERCUS-ALBA; FAGACEAE; WHITE OAK; POLLEN; TREES; POLYGALACTURONASE; POLLINATION ID PLANTS AB The pollens from 38 species of trees were analysed for polygalacturonase activity. All of the pollens contained polygalacturonase but the range of activities was great. Eastern cottonwood pollen contained the most polygalacturonase, with level about 12 times higher than that usually found in ripe tomato fruit, which has been the highest known plant source of this enzyme. Pollens from other members of Populus were generally high in polygalacturonase although some were relatively low. Pollens from the oak family contained high activity, with the largest amount in white oak pollen. Pollens from pecan, willows, birch and hickories contained moderate levels of polygalacturonase. The smallest activities were found in pollens from beech, sycamore and conifers. The polygalacturonases from eastern cottonwood and white oak pollens were partially purified and characterized. Both enzymes were found to be exo-polygalacturonases that require Ca2+ for activity, but they possessed different M(r)s, indicating that they are not identical. Exopolygalacturonase may be involved in some function related to pollination, but an explanation for the wide range of activities in different pollens is not obvious. RP PRESSEY, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1753 EP 1755 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)85006-L PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FN760 UT WOS:A1991FN76000002 ER PT J AU MITCHAM, EJ GROSS, KC NG, TJ AF MITCHAM, EJ GROSS, KC NG, TJ TI RIPENING AND CELL-WALL SYNTHESIS IN NORMAL AND MUTANT TOMATO FRUIT SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; SOLANACEAE; TOMATO; CELL WALL SYNTHESIS; FRUIT SOFTENING; CARBOHYDRATES; FRUIT RIPENING ID POLYGALACTURONASE GENE; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; EXPRESSION; SENESCENCE; INDUCTION AB Cell wall synthesis during development of 'Rutgers', rin and nor tomatoes was quantified at different 'ripening' stages by measuring incorporation of C-14 into pericarp cell walls 18 hr after pedicel injection of [U-C-14]sucrose. Colour (Hunter 'a' and 'b' values) and pericarp firmness were also monitored. Incorporation of C-14 into walls continued throughout ontogeny in 'Rutgers' fruit and exhibited a transient increase from late mature-green (36 days post-anthesis; DPA) to the turning stage (41 DPA). Incorporation of C-14 into walls of rin pericarp was similar to immature green 'Rutgers' (20 DPA) but decreased to a level similar to red (46 DPA) 'Rutgers' fruit by 35 DPA. Incorporation of C-14 into nor cell walls was low throughout the experimental period (20 to 75 DPA). In contrast to previous reports, rin and nor pericarp exhibited a decrease in firmness. However, softening was slower than in 'Rutgers'. Pericarp from rin and nor at 70 and 75 DPA, respectively, resisted compression as much as pink (43 DPA) 'Rutgers' pericarp. C1 USDA,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1777 EP 1780 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)85011-N PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FN760 UT WOS:A1991FN76000007 ER PT J AU KRAMER, GF NORMAN, HA KRIZEK, DT MIRECKI, RM AF KRAMER, GF NORMAN, HA KRIZEK, DT MIRECKI, RM TI INFLUENCE OF UV-B RADIATION ON POLYAMINES, LIPID-PEROXIDATION AND MEMBRANE-LIPIDS IN CUCUMBER SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CUCUMIS-SATIVUS; CUCURBITACEAE; CUCUMBER; STRESS RESPONSE; POLYAMINE; PUTRESCINE; SPERMIDINE; SPERMINE; FATTY ACIDS; MALONDIALDEHYDE ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY; PLANT-SENSITIVITY; ZUCCHINI SQUASH; K+ EFFLUX; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH; IRRADIATION; ARABIDOPSIS AB Sensitive (Poinsett) and insensitive (Ashley) cultivars of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) were grown for four weeks from planting in unshaded greenhouses at 0 or 12.2 kJ m-2 day-1 of biologically effective ultraviolet-B (UV-B(BE)) radiation. The latter irradiance corresponded to a decrease in stratospheric ozone of ca 20% for clear sky conditions at Beltsville, MD on 21 June. The diamine putrescine and the polyamine spermidine spermidine accumulated in cotyledon and leaf tissues in response to UV-B radiation in both cultivars, but levels were not correlated with sensitivity to UV-B. Lipid peroxidation, as quantified by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), was increased by UV-B exposure. Significant cultivar differences were observed, with increases in lipid peroxidation in both cotyledons and leaves being correlated with UV-B sensitivity. Determination of membrane lipid composition indicated slight decreases in the unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratios as a result of UV-B exposure. In general, Pionsett had a lower unsaturated/saturated ratio of fatty acids than did Ashley. These results indicate that membrane lipids may be a target of UV-B damage and that differences in the UV-B susceptibility of these two cultivars may involve differences in lipid metabolism. Polyamine accumulation in response to UV-B radiation stress is consistent with similar responses to other environmental stressors. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KRAMER, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 57 TC 211 Z9 262 U1 1 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 7 BP 2101 EP 2108 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)83595-C PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FT563 UT WOS:A1991FT56300001 ER PT J AU NORMAN, HA PILLAI, P STJOHN, JB AF NORMAN, HA PILLAI, P STJOHN, JB TI INVITRO DESATURATION OF MONOGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL AND PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE MOLECULAR-SPECIES BY CHLOROPLAST HOMOGENATES SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CRUCIFERAE; GLYCINE MAX; LEGUMINOSAE; LIPID DESATURATION; FATTY ACIDS; LINOLENIC ACID; 4-CHLORO-5-DIMETHYLAMINO-2-PHENYL-3(2H)-PYRIDAZINONE ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CARRIER PROTEIN DESATURASE; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; FATTY-ACIDS; LIPID-METABOLISM; HIGHER-PLANTS; SEPARATION; PURIFICATION; ARABIDOPSIS; LINOLEATE AB An in vitro assay was developed for linoleic acid desaturase activities in chloroplast homogenates using exogenous radiolabelled lipid substrates. Activities were stabilized by addition of catalase to an incubation medium also supplemented with NADPH and BSA. The direct in vitro desaturation of molecular species of MGDG by chloroplast homogenates form soybean and Arabidopsis thaliana was consistent with lipid-linked desaturation proceeding without participation of acyl-CoA intermediates. Linoleic acid was also desaturated in PC substrates. 4-Chloro-5-dimethylamino-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone, a herbicide known to reduce levels of linolenic acid in certain plant membrane lipids, directly inhibited in vitro desaturation of fatty acids in both MGDG and PC substrates. RP NORMAN, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 7 BP 2217 EP 2222 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)83617-T PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FT563 UT WOS:A1991FT56300023 ER PT J AU GLADU, PK PATTERSON, GW WIKFORS, GH CHITWOOD, DJ LUSBY, WR AF GLADU, PK PATTERSON, GW WIKFORS, GH CHITWOOD, DJ LUSBY, WR TI STEROLS OF SOME DIATOMS SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BACILLARIOPHYCEAE; DIATOMS; STEROLS; STIGMASTEROL; 28-ISOFUCOSTEROL; 24-METHYLENECHOLESTEROL; CAMPESTEROL; 22-DIHYDROBRASSICASTEROL AB Sterols were identified from seven species of axenically cultured diatoms which may be used for oyster food. Five species contained 24-methylenecholesterol as the major sterol. Stigmasterol was the principal sterol in Amphora coffaeformis while 24-ethylcholesterol was the major sterol in Navicula pelliculosa. Each of the four species of the order Centrales had 24-methylcholesterol, which was all 22-dihydrobrassicasterol (24-beta-methyl epimer). The 24-methyl-cholesterol from Nitzschia brevirostris (order Pennales) was all campesterol (24-alpha-methyl epimer). From this and previously published works on diatom sterols, it appears that sterols from the order Centrales are 24-beta-oriented and those from the order Pennales are 24-alpha-oriented. C1 LINDSEY WILSON COLL,DEPT BIOL,COLUMBIA,KY 42728. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES CTR,MILFORD LAB,MILFORD,CT 06460. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP GLADU, PK (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 7 BP 2301 EP 2303 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)83634-W PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FT563 UT WOS:A1991FT56300040 ER PT J AU OZAKI, Y MIYAKE, M MAEDA, H IFUKU, Y BENNETT, RD HASEGAWA, S AF OZAKI, Y MIYAKE, M MAEDA, H IFUKU, Y BENNETT, RD HASEGAWA, S TI LIMONOID GLUCOSIDES IN TETRADIUM-RUTAECARPA SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE TETRADIUM-RUTAECARPA; RUTACEAE; LIMONOID GLUCOSIDES; 17-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDES ID CITRUS AB Limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside, limonin diosphenol 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside and 6-beta-hydroxy-5-epilimonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside were isolated from Tetradium rutaecarpa fruit tissues. The limonoid aglycones were identified by H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy. Limonin, rutaevin and limonin diosphenol were also isolated. C1 WAKAYAMA AGR BIOL RES INST,MOMOYAMA,WAKAYAMA,JAPAN. RP OZAKI, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 7 BP 2365 EP 2367 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)83650-A PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FT563 UT WOS:A1991FT56300056 ER PT J AU WOLLENWEBER, E MAYER, K ROITMAN, JN AF WOLLENWEBER, E MAYER, K ROITMAN, JN TI EXUDATE FLAVONOIDS OF INULA-VISCOSA SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE INULA-VISCOSA; ASTERACEAE; EXUDATE FLAVONOIDS; AGLYCONES AB Aerial parts of Inula viscosa exhibit a resinous exudate of terpenoid nature, containing flavonoid aglycones. Nine flavonoids are reported in addition to 13 previously known components. The study of samples collected in France, Spain and Turkey indicates the existence of a qualitatively constant exudate flavonoid profile in this species. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES LAB,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP WOLLENWEBER, E (reprint author), TH DARMSTADT,INST BOT,SCHNITTSPAHNSTR 3,W-6100 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. NR 6 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 7 BP 2445 EP 2446 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)83681-A PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FT563 UT WOS:A1991FT56300087 ER PT J AU BACKHAUS, RA CORNISH, K CHEN, SF HUANG, DS BESS, VH AF BACKHAUS, RA CORNISH, K CHEN, SF HUANG, DS BESS, VH TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ABUNDANT RUBBER PARTICLE PROTEIN FROM GUAYULE SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM; ASTERACEAE; GLYCOPROTEIN; ISOPENTENYL PYROPHOSPHATE; RUBBER PARTICLES; RUBBER TRANSFERASE ID PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM GRAY; NITROCELLULOSE TRANSFER; HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS; BIOSYNTHESIS; MIXTURES AB Guayule rubber particles, which have high rubber transferase (RuT) activity, contain several characteristic proteins. The most abundant of these was purified by preparative gel electrophoresis and characterized. Designated the rubber particle protein (RPP), it is present in all guayule lines studied to date. RPP has an apparent M(r) of 48 500 and an isoelectric point of pI 6.2 which corresponds to a pI of 6.17 predicted by amino acid analysis. Antibodies were raised successfully against RPP and used for immunological analysis. Concanavalin A binds to blotted RPP indicating that it is a glycoprotein. When concanavalin A is added to purified rubber particles, it results in their rapid agglutination. However, protease treatments of purified rubber particles indicate that RPP is positioned inside the particle. Thus, it appears that RPP is positioned within the rubber particle, but at the surface, and that its oligosaccharide moiety extends to the particle exterior. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. RP BACKHAUS, RA (reprint author), ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,TEMPE,AZ 85287, USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 8 BP 2493 EP 2497 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)85088-H PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FY874 UT WOS:A1991FY87400004 ER PT J AU SHERMAN, TD VAUGHN, KC DUKE, SO AF SHERMAN, TD VAUGHN, KC DUKE, SO TI A LIMITED SURVEY OF THE PHYLOGENETIC DISTRIBUTION OF POLYPHENOL OXIDASE SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CHLOROPLAST; CATECHOL OXIDASE; PHENOLASE; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; EVOLUTION ID HIGHER-PLANTS; ULTRASTRUCTURAL-LOCALIZATION; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; INVOLVEMENT; ALGAE; PURIFICATION; ORGANISMS; SORGHUM; INVITRO AB A variety of terrestrial and aquatic plant species were tested for the presence of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), using three different assay protocols. All aquatic green algae (Chlorella, Stigeoclonium, Microspora, Ulva and Spirogyra) tested have no detectable PPO except for a Trebouxioid alga (lichen symbiont), and Coleochaete. Of the Charalean algae Chara and Nitella, only the latter had measurable activity. Some hepatics (Conocephalum and Marchantia) possess the enzyme, but two species of Riccia tested do not. The anthocerotes Phaeoceros, Anthoceros and Notothylas have low, but easily detectable PPO. The mosses, Dicranum, Sphagnum and Thuidium, have no detectable activity. All of the ferns and fern allies tested have PPO activity. Among seed plants, PPO is undetectable in Ginkgo or any of the conifers tested. All but two species of the angiosperms surveyed possessed the enzyme. The M(r), as determined by semi-native electrophoretic mobility, ranged widely from 30 000 to 200 000, depending upon species. All species with PPO activity measured by spectrophotometric or gel assay had cytochemically-detected activity localized to the thylakoid membranes, with cytochemical product accumulating in the lumen of the thylakoid. RP SHERMAN, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 41 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 8 BP 2499 EP 2506 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)85089-I PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FY874 UT WOS:A1991FY87400005 ER PT J AU DAXENBICHLER, ME SPENCER, GF CARLSON, DG ROSE, GB BRINKER, AM POWELL, RG AF DAXENBICHLER, ME SPENCER, GF CARLSON, DG ROSE, GB BRINKER, AM POWELL, RG TI GLUCOSINOLATE COMPOSITION OF SEEDS FROM 297 SPECIES OF WILD PLANTS SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BRASSICACEAE, CRUCIFERAE, CAPPARIDACEAE; GC; GLUCOSINOLATE; OXAZOLIDINE-2-THIONE; ISOTHIOCYANATE ID CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES; CULTIVAR IDENTIFICATION; ERYSIMUM-HIERACIFOLIUM; BENZYL ISOTHIOCYANATE; PRODUCTS; CABBAGE; VARIETIES; NITRILES AB Seed samples from 22 species of the Capparidaceae (eight genera), one Caricaceae, 259 Cruciferae (88 genera), two Moringaceae, three Phytolaccaceae, one Pittosporaceae, six Resedaceae, one Salvadoraceae and two Tropaeolaceae were analysed for total and individual glucosinolate compositions. Glucosinolates with a wide variety of both alkyl and aryl substituents were quantified by GC of their hydrolysis products and, in certain cases, were confirmed by mass spectrometry. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 57 TC 209 Z9 209 U1 3 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 8 BP 2623 EP 2638 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)85112-D PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FY874 UT WOS:A1991FY87400028 ER PT J AU OZAKI, Y MIYAKE, M MAEDA, H IFUKU, Y BENNETT, RD HERMAN, Z FONG, CH HASEGAWA, S AF OZAKI, Y MIYAKE, M MAEDA, H IFUKU, Y BENNETT, RD HERMAN, Z FONG, CH HASEGAWA, S TI ICHANGENSIN GLUCOSIDE IN CITRUS-JUNOS, CITRUS-SUDACHI AND CITRUS-SPHAEROCARPA SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CITRUS-JUNOS; YUZU; CITRUS-SUDACHI; SUDACHI; CITRUS-SPHAEROCARPA; KABOSU; RUTACEAE; LIMONOID GLUCOSIDES; ICHANGENSIN 17-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE ID LIMONOIDS; SEEDS AB Ichangensin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside, a new limonoid glucoside, was isolated from seeds of Yuzu (Citrus junos). This glucoside was also present in seeds of Sudachi (Citrus sudachi) and Kabosu (Citrus sphaerocarpa). The 17-beta-D-glucopyranosides of deacetylnomilin, nomilin, nomilinic acid, obacunone, limonin and deacetylnomilinic acid were also present in seeds of these species of citrus. Like Sudachi and Yuzu, Kabosu also contained ichangensin aglycone. The presence of ichangensin and ichangensin glucoside supports the previous suggestions that these species are related to Ichang Chie (Citrus ichangensis). C1 USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,PASADENA,CA 91106. RP OZAKI, Y (reprint author), WAKAYAMA AGR BIOL RES INST,WAKAYAMA 64961,JAPAN. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 8 BP 2659 EP 2661 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)85118-J PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FY874 UT WOS:A1991FY87400034 ER PT J AU MIERNYK, JA RIEDELL, WE AF MIERNYK, JA RIEDELL, WE TI CHARACTERIZATION OF MAIZE ENDOSPERM UDP-GLUCOSE - DOLICHOL-PHOSPHATE GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ZEA-MAYS; GRAMINEAE; MAIZE; ENDOSPERM; TISSUE CULTURE; DOLICHOL CYCLE; GLYCOLIPID; GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE ID GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES; LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN; CELLS AB Uridine-diphosphate-glucose:dolichol-phosphate glucosyltransferase [EC 2.4.1.117] was solubilized from maize endosperm microsomes by treatment with 0.25% Triton X-100. The solubilized enzyme was partially purified by chromatography on columns of hydroxylapatite, diethylaminoethyl-Sephacel, concanavalin A-Sepharose, and uridine-diphosphate-hexanolamine-agarose. The purified transferase had no activity unless a lipid-acceptor was included in the assays. K(m) values for uridine-diphosphate-glucose, dolichol-phosphate, and magnesium were 0.5-mu-M, 1.2-mu-g ml-1, and 0.7 mM, respectively. The K(i) values for uridine-diphosphate, uridine-monophosphate and uridine-diphosphate-glucuronic acid were 150, 650 and 7.6-mu-M, respectively. The in vitro activity of the transferase was inhibited 50% by 40-mu-g ml-1 of tunicamycin. RP MIERNYK, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,SEED BIOSYNTHESIS RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2865 EP 2867 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98214-1 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA GG059 UT WOS:A1991GG05900010 ER PT J AU OSMAN, SF SINDEN, SL IRWIN, P DEAHL, K TINGEY, WM AF OSMAN, SF SINDEN, SL IRWIN, P DEAHL, K TINGEY, WM TI SOLANOCARDINOL - A STEROIDAL ALKALOID FROM SOLANUM-NEOCARDENASII SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE SOLANUM-NEOCARDENASII; SOLANACEAE; POTATOES; GLYCOALKALOID; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSES ID ACULEATUM AB The structure of a new steroidal alkaloid from Solanum neocardenasii, solanocardinol, has been characterized by mass spectrometry, 2D-NMR and chemical methods. In contrast to the closely related spirofuranopiperidine the configuration of this compound at C-16 is beta. The relevance of solanocardinol to the chemotaxonomy of Solanum species is discussed. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP OSMAN, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 9 BP 3161 EP 3163 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98282-7 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA GG059 UT WOS:A1991GG05900078 ER PT J AU SHAW, PE CALKINS, CO MCDONALD, RE GREANY, PD WEBB, JC NISPEROSCARRIEDO, MO BARROS, SM AF SHAW, PE CALKINS, CO MCDONALD, RE GREANY, PD WEBB, JC NISPEROSCARRIEDO, MO BARROS, SM TI CHANGES IN LIMONIN AND NARINGIN LEVELS IN GRAPEFRUIT ALBEDO WITH MATURITY AND THE EFFECTS OF GIBBERELLIC-ACID ON THESE CHANGES SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CITRUS-PARADISI; RUTACEAE; ALBEDO; BITTER PRINCIPLES; LIMONIN; NARINGIN; NARINGENIN-7 BETA-RUTINOSIDE; CHEMOTAXONOMY ID JUICE; CITRUS AB Variability in the two major bitter components, naringin and limonin, in grapefruit peel albedo was determined over four seasons in Marsh grapefruit. The effects of the growth regulator gibberellic acid (GA) on seasonal content of these two bitter components in albedo was also determined. Limonin and naringin content decreased with maturity and were affected by some treatments with (GA). In Marsh grapefruit albedo, naringin was the major flavanone glycoside, representing more than 80% of the total flavanones. In a non-bitter grapefruit hybrid, only traces of naringin were present in the albedo, and the non-bitter isomer naringenin 7-beta-rutinoside was the major flavonoid present. C1 US HORT RES STN,ORLANDO,FL. USDA ARS,SAA,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. FLORIDA DEPT CITRUS,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. RP SHAW, PE (reprint author), US CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 10 BP 3215 EP 3219 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)83178-N PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA GJ020 UT WOS:A1991GJ02000007 ER PT J AU BRINKER, AM SEIGLER, DS AF BRINKER, AM SEIGLER, DS TI ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PICEATANNOL AS A PHYTOALEXIN FROM SUGARCANE SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SACCHARUM; POACEAE; SUGARCANE; COLLETOTRICHUM-FALCATUM; RED ROT; PHYTOALEXINS; STILBENES; PICEATANNOL ID ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; STILBENE PHYTOALEXINS; SORGHUM; RESISTANCE; BARK AB Piceatannol was isolated from sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) infected with Colletotrichum falcatum but not from healthy or wounded sugarcane, or C. falcatum itself. The compound inhibited both spore germination and germ tube growth of C. falcatum. This is the first report of a stilbene phytoalexin in the Poaceae. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 41 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 10 BP 3229 EP 3232 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)83181-J PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA GJ020 UT WOS:A1991GJ02000010 ER PT J AU BENNETT, RD MIYAKE, M OZAKI, Y HASEGAWA, S AF BENNETT, RD MIYAKE, M OZAKI, Y HASEGAWA, S TI LIMONOID GLUCOSIDES IN CITRUS-AURANTIUM SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE CITRUS-AURANTIUM; RUTACEAE; LIMONOIDS; GLUCOSIDES; 17-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDES AB 17-beta-D-Glucopyranosides of limonin, obacunone, deacetylnomilin, nomilin, deacetylnomilinic acid, nomilinic acid, isolimonic acid, ichangin and 19-hydroxydeacetylnomilinic acid were isolated from sour orange seeds. The aglycone of the latter compound is a possible intermediate in the biosynthesis of limonin. C1 WAKAYAMA AGR BIOL RES INST,MOMOYAMA,WAKAYAMA,JAPAN. RP BENNETT, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 4 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 11 BP 3803 EP 3805 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)80116-I PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA GP079 UT WOS:A1991GP07900062 ER PT J AU SPENCER, GF JONES, BE PLATTNER, RD BARNEKOW, DE BRINEN, LS CLARDY, J AF SPENCER, GF JONES, BE PLATTNER, RD BARNEKOW, DE BRINEN, LS CLARDY, J TI A PTEROCARPAN AND 2 ISOFLAVONES FROM ALFALFA SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE MEDICAGO-SATIVA; LEGUMINOSAE; LUCERNE; 10-METHOXYMEDICARPIN; 7-HYDROXY-2',3',4'-TRIMETHOXYISOFLAVAN; 7,5'-DIHYDROXY-2',3',4'-TRIMETHOXYISOFLAVAN; 3'-METHOXYSATIVAN; 3'-METHOXY-5'-HYDROXYSATIVAN; 3-HYDROXY-9,10-DIMETHOXYPTEROCARPAN ID FURANOCOUMARINS; GERMINATION; PHYTOALEXIN; GROWTH AB (-)-6aR,11aR-Dihydro-3-hydroxy-9,10-dimethoxy-6H-benzofuro[3,2c] [1]-benzopyran (10-methoxymedicarpin), (+)-(2,3,4,-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran (7-hydroxy-2',3',4'-trimethoxyisoflavan) and (+)-(2,3,4-trimethoxy-5-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-4H-1-Benzopyran (7,5'-dihydroxy-2',3',4'-trimethoxyisoflavan) were isolated for the first time from dried Medicago sativa hay. Structural assignments were based on H-1 NMR and mass spectra, X-ray crystallography, and optical rotations. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BAKER LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP SPENCER, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 12 BP 4147 EP 4149 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)83483-2 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA GY737 UT WOS:A1991GY73700063 ER PT J AU BERHOW, MA BENNETT, RD KANES, K POLING, SM VANDERCOOK, CE AF BERHOW, MA BENNETT, RD KANES, K POLING, SM VANDERCOOK, CE TI A MALONIC-ACID ESTER DERIVATIVE OF NARINGIN IN GRAPEFRUIT SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE CITRUS-PARADISI; RUTACEAE; GRAPEFRUIT; FLAVONOIDS; NARINGIN AB A malonic acid ester derivative of the flavanone naringin was abundant in the young leaves and fruits of grapefruit plants, but not in the mature leaves and fruits. After isolation, the structure of this compound was established as naringin 6''-malonate (naringenin 7-(2''-O-alpha-L-rhamnosyl)-beta-D-glucoside 6''-malonate). RP BERHOW, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PY 1991 VL 30 IS 12 BP 4198 EP 4200 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)83505-F PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA GY737 UT WOS:A1991GY73700085 ER PT J AU BANUELOS, GS AUNG, LH AF BANUELOS, GS AUNG, LH TI THE EFFECTS OF SODIUM 2,3-DICHLOROISOBUTYRATE ON GROWTH OF WILD MUSTARD AND THE UPTAKE OF SELENIUM SO PHYTON-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article ID PLANTS AB The action of a gametocide, 2,3-dichloroisobutyrate (DCB), on growth of wild mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] and the uptake of selenium (Se) was determined in greenhouse water-culture experiments. Applications of DCB at 6, 9 and 12 mM were effective in retarding shoot growth when sprayed on 3-week old seedlings compared to 4-week old seedlings. Shoot growth rates were significantly reduced, but shoot diameter and leaf area of the primary shoots were only slightly affected. The most striking effect induced by DCB was the stimulation of lateral branching from the main shoot. Increased lateral branching was especially apparent on 4-week old compared to 3-week old seedlings. Corresponding to the growth of lateral shoots, the uptake of Se by DCB-treated 4-week old mustard was significantly increased, but DCB had a lesser effect on 3-week old seedlings. Developing shoots and root-tips accumulated greater amounts of Se than more mature shoot and root tissues after DCB treatment. Flowering, indexed by the first appearance of the inflorescence, was delayed 7-9 days by DCB. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. RP BANUELOS, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU FUNDACION ROMULO RAGGIO PI VICENTE LOPEZ (BA) PA GASPAR CAMPOS 861, 1638 VICENTE LOPEZ (BA), ARGENTINA SN 0031-9457 J9 PHYTON-INT J EXP BOT JI Phyton-Int. J. Exp. Bot. PY 1991 VL 52 IS 2 BP 141 EP 150 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GX240 UT WOS:A1991GX24000006 ER PT J AU BELL, PF CHANEY, RL ANGLE, JS AF BELL, PF CHANEY, RL ANGLE, JS TI FREE METAL ACTIVITY AND TOTAL METAL CONCENTRATIONS AS INDEXES OF MICRONUTRIENT AVAILABILITY TO BARLEY [HORDEUM-VULGARE (L) KLAGES] SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE CHLOROSIS; COPPER; EDTA; IRON PRECIPITATION; METAL SPECIATION; MANGANESE; STABILITY CONSTANTS; ZINC ID IRON; PLANTS; ION; PHYTOSIDEROPHORES; TOXICITY; COPPER; TRACE; SOIL; ACID; CORN AB The form in which a micronutrient is found in the rhizosphere affects its availability to plants. We compared the availability to barley of the free hydrated cation form of Fe3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ versus their total metal concentrations (free ion plus complexes) in chelator-buffered solutions. Free metal ion activities were estimated using the chemical equilibrium program GEOCHEM-PC with the corrected database. In experiment 1, barley was grown in nutrient solutions with different Fe3+ activities using chelators to control Fe levels. Chlorosis occurred at Fe3+ activities of 10(-18) and 10(-19) M for barley grown in HEDTA and EDTA solutions, respectively. In experiment 2, barley was grown in nutrient solutions with the same calculated Fe3+ activity and the same chelator, but different total Fe concentrations. Leaf, root and shoot Fe concentrations were higher from CDTA buffered solutions which had the higher total Fe concentration indicating the importance of the total Fe concentration on Fe uptake. Results from treatments using EDTA or HEDTA, with one exception, were similar to the results from the CDTA treatment. This suggests differences in critical Fe3+ activities found in experiment 1 were due to differences in the total Fe concentration and not errors in chelate formation constants used to estimate the critical activities. Results for Cu, Zn, and Mn were similar to Fe; despite solutions with equal free Cu2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+ activities, plant concentrations of these metals were generally greater when grown in the solutions with the greater total amount of Cu, Zn, or Mn. When the free Zn2+ activity was kept constant while the total amount of Zn was increased from 4.4 to 49-mu-M, leaf Zn concentration increased from 77 to 146-mu-g g-1. In order to predict metal availability to barley and other species in chelator-buffered nutrient solutions, both free and total metal concentrations in solution must be considered. The critical Fe3+ activities required by barley in this study are much higher than those from tomato and soybean, 10(-28) M, which strongly supports the Strategy 2 model of Fe uptake for Poaceae. This is related to the importance of the Fe3+ (barley) and the Fe2+ (tomato and soybean) ions in Fe uptake. Fe-stressed barley is known to release phytosiderophores which compete for Fe3+ in the nutrient solution, while tomato and soybean reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ at the epidermal cell membranes to allow uptake of Fe2+ from Fe3+ chelates in solution. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 33 TC 129 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 19 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 1991 VL 130 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1007/BF00011855 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA EZ292 UT WOS:A1991EZ29200005 ER PT J AU CLARK, RB REINHARD, N AF CLARK, RB REINHARD, N TI EFFECTS OF SOIL-TEMPERATURE ON ROOT AND SHOOT GROWTH TRAITS AND IRON-DEFICIENCY CHLOROSIS IN SORGHUM GENOTYPES GROWN ON A LOW IRON CALCAREOUS SOIL SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE CHLOROSIS SEVERITY; DRY MATTER YIELDS; GROWTH CHAMBER; LEAF AREA; ROOT LENGTH; SHOOT ROOT RATIO; SORGHUM-BICOLOR ID NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; CORN; PHOSPHORUS; PLANTS; BARLEY; STAND AB Iron deficiency chlorosis (FeDC) is a common disorder for sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grown on alkaline calcareous soils. Four sorghum genotypes were grown in growth chambers on a low Fe (1.3-mu-g/g DTPA-extractable), alkaline (pH 8.0), calcareous (3.87% CaCO3 equivalent) Aridic Haplustoll to determine effects of different soil temperatures (12, 17, 22 and 27-degrees-C at a constant 27-degrees-C air temperature) on various root and shoot growth traits and development of FeDC. As soil temperature increased, leaf chlorosis became more severe, and shoot and root dry weights, root lengths, and leaf areas increased markedly. Shoot/root ratios, shoot weight/root length, leaf area/shoot weight and leaf area/root weight and root length also increased while root length/root weight decreased as soil temperature increased. Severe FeDC developed in all genotypes even though genotypes had previously shown different degrees of resistance to FeDC. Genotypes differed in most growth traits, especially dry matter yields, root lengths, and leaf areas, but most traits did not appear to be related to genotype resistance to FeDC. The most FeDC resistant genotype had the slowest growth rate and this may be a mechanism for its greater resistance to FeDC. RP CLARK, RB (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 1991 VL 130 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 103 DI 10.1007/BF00011862 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA EZ292 UT WOS:A1991EZ29200012 ER PT J AU BUYER, JS SIKORA, LJ KRATZKE, MG AF BUYER, JS SIKORA, LJ KRATZKE, MG TI DEVELOPMENT OF A DETECTION SYSTEM FOR FERRIC PSEUDOBACTIN USING MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE BIOCONTROL; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; PSEUDOBACTIN; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; SIDEROPHORE ID PLANT-GROWTH; DELETERIOUS PSEUDOMONAS; SIDEROPHORES; BIOASSAY; DISEASE; SOILS AB Certain root-colonizing fluorescent pseudomonads have been shown to promote plant growth and prevent plant disease in part through the production of siderophores. However, these favorable results have not been reproduced consistently from the laboratory to the greenhouse or from the greenhouse to the field. In some circumstances siderophores appear to play no role in disease prevention. In order to understand the dynamics of competition for iron in the rhizosphere it is essential that the localization and concentration of siderophores produced by both biocontrol agents and plant pathogens be determined. We have produced monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to ferric pseudobactin, the siderophore of plant growth-promoting Pseudomonas B10. Three IgG1 MAbs cross-react with certain ferric pseudobactins but not with others. A competitive ELISA has been developed to detect and quantify ferric pseudobactin. RP BUYER, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL RES INST,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 1991 VL 130 IS 1-2 BP 243 EP 247 DI 10.1007/BF00011879 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA EZ292 UT WOS:A1991EZ29200029 ER PT J AU LEVY, M ROMAO, J MARCHETTI, MA HAMER, JE AF LEVY, M ROMAO, J MARCHETTI, MA HAMER, JE TI DNA FINGERPRINTING WITH A DISPERSED REPEATED SEQUENCE RESOLVES PATHOTYPE DIVERSITY IN THE RICE BLAST FUNGUS SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID PYRICULARIA-ORYZAE; UNITED-STATES; VARIABILITY; RESISTANCE; PATHOGEN AB The poor definition of pathotype variation in the rice blast fungus has historically handicapped strategies for reducing blast disease damage to the world's rice crop. We have employed a probe for a dispersed repeated DNA sequence called MGR [Hamer et al. (1989). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 9981-9985] to construct genotype-specific EcoRI restriction fragment length profiles (MGR-DNA fingerprints) from United States field isolates of this fungus. By using a blind-test design, we demonstrated that MGR-DNA fingerprints distinguished the major pathotypes in the United States, accurately identified the pathotypes of isolates collected over a 30-year period, and defined the organization of clonal lineages within and among pathotype groups. These results resolved a lingering controversy regarding rice blast pathotype stability and illustrated new opportunities for tracking the population dynamics and evolution of this important crop pathogen. C1 USDA ARS,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. RP LEVY, M (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 28 TC 199 Z9 239 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD JAN PY 1991 VL 3 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA ET769 UT WOS:A1991ET76900009 ER PT J AU RAMAGOPAL, S CARR, JB AF RAMAGOPAL, S CARR, JB TI SUGARCANE PROTEINS AND MESSENGER-RNAS REGULATED BY SALT IN SUSPENSION CELLS SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SUGARCANE; SALT-RESISTANT CELL LINES; GENE EXPRESSION ID SALINITY STRESS; BARLEY; NACL; ADAPTATION; TOLERANCE AB Changes in gene expression induced by salinity were investigated in a suspension culture of the tropical, graminaceous plant sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Three cell lines tolerant to 5, 10 and 15kg m-3 NaCl were adapted and the expression of newly synthesized proteins and translatable mRNAs in these cell lines were compared with those in unadapted cells on high-resolution, two-dimensional gels. Specific proteins and mRNAs altered by salinity were identified. At the protein level, the expression of 15 proteins was induced or enhanced, and that of three others was repressed or abolished. At the translatable mRNA level, the expression of 18 mRNAs was induced or enhanced, and that of eight others was repressed or abolished. The expression of some of these was also regulated, depending on the salt-adapted cell line. The above changes were characteristic of salt-adapted cells and were not found in unadapted cells undergoing a short-term salt stress. Overall, 29 sugarcane proteins were regulated by salinity: for 15, translatble mRNAs were found; for three, no translatable mRNA was detected; and for six of the remaining 11, in vivo equivalents were not observed. These data suggest that a multitude of mechanisms at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels may contribute to the control of gene expression in the salt-adapted sugarcane cells. C1 USDA ARS,AIEA,HI 96701. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 14 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1991.tb01370.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FH545 UT WOS:A1991FH54500005 ER PT J AU JARRET, RL GAWEL, N AF JARRET, RL GAWEL, N TI ABSCISIC ACID-INDUCED GROWTH-INHIBITION OF SWEET-POTATO (IPOMOEA-BATATAS L) INVITRO SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE ABA; AXILLARY BUD CULTURE; GERMPLASM MAINTENANCE; GROWTH RETARDATION; MINIMAL GROWTH ID COLD-STORAGE; REGENERATION; PROPAGATION AB The inhibitory effects of abscisic acid (ABA) on in vitro growth and development of axillary buds from nodal segments of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) was investigated. ABA at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 mg l-1 inhibited axillary bud and root development and subsequent plantlet growth. ABA at 10 mg l-1 completely inhibited axillary shoot development but did not affect the viability of cv. Jewel explants over a culture period of 365 days. Transfer of nodal segments cultured for 90, 180 or 365 days from basal medium containing 10 mg l-1 ABA to growth regulator-free media resulted in rapid and normal plantlet development. Gibberellic acid at 0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 mg l-1 in the presence of ABA at 0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 mg l-1 did not counteract the ABA-induced growth inhibition. Although ABA totally inhibited the growth of 6 sweet potato plant introductions at a concentration of 10.0 mg l-1, the efficacy of ABA as a suppressant of shoot growth varied with genotype. RP JARRET, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,1109 EXPT ST,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 24 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1007/BF00044259 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA FA823 UT WOS:A1991FA82300003 ER PT J AU PRATT, RG AF PRATT, RG TI EVALUATION OF FOLIAR CLIPPING TREATMENTS FOR CULTURAL-CONTROL OF SCLEROTINIA CROWN AND STEM ROT IN CRIMSON CLOVER SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID TRIFOLIORUM; FIELD; ALFALFA AB Foliar clipping treatments were applied to crimson clover at select points in the disease cycle of Sclerotinia crown and stem rot (SCSR), caused by Sclerotinia trifoliorum, to determine the potential of single and multiple clippings for cultural control of the disease. During each of 4 yr, crimson clover was seeded in September and grown until April. Foliage was cut in November and January of each year and in February during two of the of the years. Experiments were performed with and without sclerotia of S. trifoliorum added to plots. Estimates of SCSR severity and dry matter yields were obtained in April. During each of 3 yr in which environmental conditions favored SCSR, the November clipping was a significant (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) main effect for reduced disease severity and increased yield. The January clipping was a positive, negative, or nonsignificant main effect in different years. The February clipping was a negative main effect in 2 yr. Interactions between clipping treatments for disease severity or yield usually were not significant. Disease severity was inversely correlated (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) with clover yields in the 3 yr favorable for SCSR. These results indicate that cutting of foliage in November can provide significant cultural control of SCSR in crimson clover. Cutting in January may be beneficial but should not be attempted in locations subject to severe freezes. Cutting in February, and likely at other times after onset of mycelial spread of S. trifoliorum, should be avoided. RP PRATT, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 75 IS 1 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EP884 UT WOS:A1991EP88400016 ER PT J AU BOYETTE, CD AF BOYETTE, CD TI HOST RANGE AND VIRULENCE OF COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM, A POTENTIAL MYCOHERBICIDE FOR HEMP SESBANIA (SESBANIA-EXALTATA) SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SOYBEANS AB A previously unreported anthracnose disease incited by Colletotrichum truncatum was discovered on hemp sesbania seedlings in Washington County, Mississippi, in 1987. Hemp sesbania inoculated with 2 x 10(7) spores per milliliter in the greenhouse were killed within 7 days. Soybean cvs. Bragg, Bedford, and Hill developed small, necrotic leaf spots, but no further symptoms occurred after 3 wk. Several cultivars of cotton, rice, and 23 other plant species representing eight plant families were immune to disease, as measured by visual assessment. Results of these tests indicate that this fungus has potential as a mycoherbicide to control hemp sesbania. RP BOYETTE, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 17 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 75 IS 1 BP 62 EP 64 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EP884 UT WOS:A1991EP88400017 ER PT J AU MONTASSER, MS TOUSIGNANT, E KAPER, JM AF MONTASSER, MS TOUSIGNANT, E KAPER, JM TI SATELLITE-MEDIATED PROTECTION OF TOMATO AGAINST CUCUMBER MOSAIC-VIRUS .1. GREENHOUSE EXPERIMENTS AND SIMULATED EPIDEMIC CONDITIONS IN THE FIELD SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DISEASE EXPRESSION; VIRAL SATELLITES; CROSS-PROTECTION; REPLICATING RNA; PLANTS; NECROSIS; STRAINS; CARNA-5 AB Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strain S, with its naturally occuring satellite, can be used as a biological control agent to protect tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum 'UC82B') plants against disease induced by two severe CMV strains (D and 16). In greenhouse experiments, tomato plants were preinoculated or "vaccinated" with total RNA extracted from CMV-S and when challenge-inoculated after 3 wk with the severe strains, were protected against their effects. No synergistic effects were observed in mixed infections of CMV-S and a number of viruses commonly infecting tomato. Satellite-mediated protection was more protective and could be established sooner after vaccination than conventional cross-protection. In field studies, the fruit yield from protected and challenge-inoculated plants was double that of similarly challenged but not protected plants, whether the challenge was applied mechanically or by aphids. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MONTASSER, MS (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 35 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 75 IS 1 BP 86 EP 92 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EP884 UT WOS:A1991EP88400022 ER PT J AU GALLITELLI, D VOVLAS, C MARTELLI, G MONTASSER, MS TOUSIGNANT, ME KAPER, JM AF GALLITELLI, D VOVLAS, C MARTELLI, G MONTASSER, MS TOUSIGNANT, ME KAPER, JM TI SATELLITE-MEDIATED PROTECTION OF TOMATO AGAINST CUCUMBER MOSAIC-VIRUS .2. FIELD-TEST UNDER NATURAL EPIDEMIC CONDITIONS IN SOUTHERN ITALY SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID DNA; RNA AB Tomato necrosis devastated the tomato crop in the Basilicata region of Italy in 1988. Several hundred tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seedlings representing the cultivars UC82B, Rutgers, Bandera, and Italpeel were preventively inoculated or "vaccinated" with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strain S containing the nonnecrogenic satellite S-CARNA 5 (CMV-associated RNA 5) and placed in a commercial tomato field in the Basilicata region of southern Italy to test for protection against tomato necrosis. When surveyed in July 1989, the protective effect of the vaccination was greater than 95%. The fruit yields from the protected plants were double those of the nonprotected controls. In the experimental field, the incidence of lethal necrosis in nonprotected control plants was 40%; however, in neighboring fields total destruction of the tomato crop occurred for the second consecutive year. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP GALLITELLI, D (reprint author), UNIV BARI,DIPARTIMENTO PROTEZ PIANTE MALATTIE,I-70124 BARI,ITALY. NR 15 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 75 IS 1 BP 93 EP 95 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EP884 UT WOS:A1991EP88400023 ER PT J AU SMIGOCKI, AC AF SMIGOCKI, AC TI CYTOKININ CONTENT AND TISSUE DISTRIBUTION IN PLANTS TRANSFORMED BY A RECONSTRUCTED ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE GENE SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; CYTOKININ; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; ZEATIN; NICOTIANA-PLUMBAGINIFOLIA ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; T-DNA; CROWN GALL; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; BIOSYNTHETIC GENE; CONSTRUCTION; PROMOTER; PLASMID; REGION; ACCUMULATION AB The cytokinin gene, isopentenyl transferase (ipt), was placed under the control of a heat-inducible promoter from the Drosophila melanogaster hsp70 gene and introduced into Nicotiana plumbaginifolia by cocultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Transformants were analyzed for organ-specific expression, cytokinin levels and effects on plant development before and after heat induction. The ipt gene transcripts were detected in leaves and stems but not roots of transgenic plants following a 2 hour, 45-degrees-C treatment. Maximum mRNA levels observed occurred 2 hours after heat treatment and 46 hours later were detected only in leaves. Zeatin and zeatinriboside concentrations 2 hours after heat shock ranged from over 900 to 2000 pmol/g, representing a greater than 140- to 200-fold increase over uninduced levels. After 46 hours, approximately 50% of the cytokinins are still present in the leaves as opposed to much reduced levels in the stems. Transgenic plants were greener, shorter, had an underdeveloped root system, reduced leaf width, and increased growth of axillary buds. After a single heat treatment, plants exhibited a darker green pigment and continued growth of lateral buds. Transient accumulations of endogenous cytokinins following thermal induction did not appear to alter the plant's preprogrammed pattern of differentiation. RP SMIGOCKI, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 38 TC 110 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 16 IS 1 BP 105 EP 115 DI 10.1007/BF00017921 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA EV082 UT WOS:A1991EV08200010 PM 1888890 ER PT J AU MELLON, JE AF MELLON, JE TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ISOPEROXIDASES ELICITED BY ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS IN COTTON OVULE CULTURES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PEROXIDASE ISOZYMES; ACID; WALL AB Two anionic isoperoxidases were isolated from media of Aspergillus flavus-inoculated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) ovule cultures and purified about 150-fold to apparent homogeneity by treatment with Cell Debris Remover and ion exchange chromatography on Accell QMA medium. These isoperoxidases were present in noninoculated cotton ovule cultures at low levels. The major activity peak (B) represented 90% of the recovered peroxidase activity and was electrophoretically homogeneous. The minor activity peak (A) was about 95% pure. Isoelectric focusing analysis showed that B was greater than 95% pure with respect to other peroxidase isozymes, while the enzyme in A was about 90% isozymically pure. Each isoperoxidase displayed a molecular mass of 56 kilodaltons by interpolation from denaturing gel electrophoresis. The B isozyme displayed a molecular mass of 55 kilodaltons by gel filtration chromatography. The pH optima for the cotton ovule isoperoxidases were similar, 5.0 for isozyme A and 6.0 for isozyme B. The isoelectric points for isozymes A and B were 4.2 and 4.4, respectively. Eugenol, guaiacol, and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine were good electron donor substrates, whereas 4-aminoantipyrine was a poor substrate. The absorption spectrum of the material in B revealed a major peak at 400 nanometers and a minor peak at 280 nanometers. The molar extinction coefficient at 400 nanometers (pH 7.0) was calculated to be 1.07 x 10(5) per square centimeter per mole. Amino acid analysis of isozyme B confirmed the acidic nature of this protein and identified a number of similarities to the anionic peroxidases from tobacco and potato. This glycoprotein was found to contain 12 to 14% sugar (by weight), mainly in the form of galactose and mannose. RP MELLON, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 95 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1104/pp.95.1.14 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ET772 UT WOS:A1991ET77200003 PM 16667941 ER PT J AU SUTTLE, JC HULTSTRAND, JF AF SUTTLE, JC HULTSTRAND, JF TI ETHYLENE-INDUCED LEAF ABSCISSION IN COTTON SEEDLINGS - THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BASES FOR AGE-DEPENDENT DIFFERENCES IN SENSITIVITY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUXIN TRANSPORT; DEFOLIANT THIDIAZURON; GENE-EXPRESSION; GROWTH; PLANTS AB The speed of ethylene-induced leaf abscission in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv LG-102) seedlings is dependent on leaf position (i.e. physiological age). Fumigation of intact seedlings for 18 hours with 10 microliters per liter of ethylene resulted in 40% abscission of the still-expanding third true (3-degrees) leaves but had no effect on the fully expanded first true (1-degrees) leaves. After 42 hours of fumigation with 50 microliters per liter of ethylene, total abscission of the 3-degrees leaves occurred while < 50% abscission of the 1-degrees leaves was observed. On a leaf basis, endogenous levels of free IAA in 1-degrees leaves were approximately twice those of 3-degrees leaves. Free IAA levels were reduced equally (approximately 55%) in both leaf types after 18 hours of ethylene (10 microliters per liter) treatment. Ethylene treatment of intact seedlings inhibited the basipetal movement of [C-14]IAA in petiole segments isolated from both leaf types in a dose-dependent manner. The auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid increased the rate and extent of ethylene-induced leaf abscission at both leaf positions but did not alter the relative pattern of abscission. Abscission-zone explants prepared from 3-degrees leaves abscised faster than 1-degrees leaf explants when exposed to ethylene. Ethylene-induced abscission of 3-degrees explants was not appreciably inhibited by exogenous IAA while 1-degrees explants exhibited a pronounced and protracted inhibition. The synthetic auxins 2,4-D and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid completely inhibited ethylene-induced abscission of both 1-degrees and 3-degrees explants for 40 hours. It is proposed that the differential abscission response of cotton seedling leaves is primarily a result of the limited abscission-inhibiting effects of IAA in the abscission zone of the younger leaves. RP SUTTLE, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 95 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1104/pp.95.1.29 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ET772 UT WOS:A1991ET77200005 PM 16667967 ER PT J AU WALKERSIMMONS, MK REANEY, MJT QUARRIE, SA PERATA, P VERNIERI, P ABRAMS, SR AF WALKERSIMMONS, MK REANEY, MJT QUARRIE, SA PERATA, P VERNIERI, P ABRAMS, SR TI MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY RECOGNITION OF ABSCISIC-ACID ANALOGS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRUDE EXTRACTS; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; QUANTITATION; LEAVES AB Specificities of three monoclonal antibodies (15-l-C5, DBPA 1, and MAC 62) raised against the plant hormone (S)-(+)-abscisic acid (ABA) have been compared. Immunological cross-reactivities against fifteen biologically active analogs of ABA were measured. The ABA analogs were altered at one or more of four positions: the double bonds in the ring, at C-2 C-3 and at C-4 C-5, and in the oxidation level at C-1. Several analogs were optically active with chiral centers at C-1' and C-2'. For cross-reactivity, all three monoclonal antibodies required the carboxylic acid group, and the cis configuration of the double bond at C-2 C-3 of the ABA molecule. Monoclonals 15-l-C5 and DBPA 1 required the entire ABA sidechain from the C-1 to C-1', but these monoclonals did cross-react with analogs with the ring double bond reduced and the C-2' methyl cis to the sidechain. Only MAC 62 recognized analogs containing an acetylene at C-4 C-5. MAC 62 had more strict requirements for the ring double bond, but gave some cross-reactivity with acetylenic analogs having a saturated ring. All three monoclonals had higher specificity for analogs having the same absolute configuration at C-1' as (S)-(+)-ABA. This work provides new information about the spatial regions of the ABA molecule that elicit immunological recognition, and serves as a basis for future investigations of the ABA receptor using ABA analogs and anti-idiotypic antibodies. C1 JOHN INNES CTR PLANT SCI RES,CAMBRIDGE LAB,NORWICH N4R 7UJ,ENGLAND. UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,DEPT CROP SCI,SASKATOON S7N 0W0,SASKATCHEWAN,CANADA. UNIV PISA,DIPARTIMENTO BIOL PIANTE AGR,I-56100 PISA,ITALY. NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,INST PLANT BIOTECHNOL,SASKATOON S7N 0W9,SASKATCHEWAN,CANADA. RP WALKERSIMMONS, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS,WHEAT GENET QUAL PHYSIOL & DIS RES,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. RI Perata, Pierdomenico/A-5658-2008 OI Perata, Pierdomenico/0000-0001-9444-0610 NR 23 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 95 IS 1 BP 46 EP 51 DI 10.1104/pp.95.1.46 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ET772 UT WOS:A1991ET77200008 PM 16667979 ER PT J AU HAIGLER, CH RAO, NR ROBERTS, EM HUANG, JY UPCHURCH, DR TROLINDER, NL AF HAIGLER, CH RAO, NR ROBERTS, EM HUANG, JY UPCHURCH, DR TROLINDER, NL TI CULTURED OVULES AS MODELS FOR COTTON FIBER DEVELOPMENT UNDER LOW-TEMPERATURES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL; CALLOSE AB Cotton fibers (Gossypium hirsutum L.) developing in vitro responded to cyclic temperature change similarly to those of field-grown plants under diurnal temperature fluctuations. Absolute temperatures and rates of temperature change were similar under both conditions. In vitro fibers exhibited a "growth ring" for each time the temperature cycled to 22 or 15-degrees-C. Rings were rarely detected when the low point was 28-degrees-C. The rings seemed to correspond to alternating regions of high and low cellulose accumulation. Fibers developed in vitro under 34-degrees-C/28-degrees-C cycling developed similarly to constant 34-degrees-C controls, but 34-degrees-C/22-degrees-C and 34-degrees-C/15-degrees-C cycling caused delayed onset and prolonged periods of elongation and secondary wall thickening. Control fiber length and weight were finally achieved under 34-degrees-C/22-degrees-C cycling, but both parameters were reduced at the end of the experiment under 34-degrees-C/15-degrees-C cycling. Fibers developed under all conditions had equal bundle tensile strength. These results demonstrate that: (a) cool temperature effects on fiber development are at least partly fiber/ovule-specific events; they do not depend on whole-plant physiology; and (b) cultured ovules are valid models for research on the regulation of the field cool temperature response. C1 USDA,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. RP HAIGLER, CH (reprint author), TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,LUBBOCK,TX 79409, USA. NR 30 TC 45 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 95 IS 1 BP 88 EP 96 DI 10.1104/pp.95.1.88 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ET772 UT WOS:A1991ET77200014 PM 16667986 ER PT J AU BERRY, AM MOREAU, RA JONES, AD AF BERRY, AM MOREAU, RA JONES, AD TI BACTERIOHOPANETETROL - ABUNDANT LIPID IN FRANKIA CELLS AND IN NITROGEN-FIXING NODULE TISSUE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOPANOID CONTENT; TEMPERATURE; PHYSIOLOGY AB An unusual class of lipid with amphiphilic properties has been detected in nodule tissue of Alnus and Ceanothus. High levels of the same lipid (20-50% of total cell lipids) were detected in solvent extracts of Frankia spp. cells. However, the lipid was absent in host roots. The lipid was purified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography/flame ionization detector. Phenol-sulfuric acid determinations and proton nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that the purified lipid is not a glycolipid. Mass spectra of the predominant species are consistent with published spectra for bacteriohopanetetrol (C35H62O4), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, or hopanoid. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,FACIL ADV INSTRUMENTAT,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP BERRY, AM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENVIRONM HORT,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI Jones, Arthur/C-2670-2013 OI Jones, Arthur/0000-0002-7408-6690 NR 15 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 95 IS 1 BP 111 EP 115 DI 10.1104/pp.95.1.111 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ET772 UT WOS:A1991ET77200017 PM 16667936 ER PT J AU HENDRIX, DL GRANGE, RI AF HENDRIX, DL GRANGE, RI TI CARBON PARTITIONING AND EXPORT FROM MATURE COTTON LEAVES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETA-VULGARIS-L; WATER-STRESS; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PEPPER; OSMOREGULATION AB The partitioning of carbon in intact, mature cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves was examined by steady-state (CO2)-C-14 labeling. Plants were exposed to dark periods of varying lengths, followed by similar illuminated labeling periods. These treatments produced leaves with a range of starch and soluble sugar contents, carbon exchange, and carbon export rates. Export during the illuminated periods was neither highly correlated with photosynthesis nor was export during the illuminated periods significantly different among the treatments. In contrast, the rate of subsequent nocturnal carbon export from these leaves varied widely and was found to be highly correlated with leaf starch content at the end of the illumination period (r = 0.934) and with nocturnal leaf respiration (r = 0.954). Leaves which had accumulated the highest levels of starch (about 275 micrograms per square centimeter) by the end of the illumination period exhibited nocturnal export rates very similar to those during the daylight hours. Leaves which accumulated starch to only 50 to 75 micrograms per square centimeter virtually ceased nocturnal carbon export. For leaves with starch accumulations of between 50 and 275 micrograms per square centimeter, nocturnal export was directly proportional to leaf starch at the end of the illumination period. After the nocturnal export rate was established, it continued at a constant rate throughout the night even though leaf starch and sucrose contents declined. C1 INST HORT RES,DEPT PLANT PHYSIOL,LITTLEHAMPTON BN17 6LP,W SUSSEX,ENGLAND. RP HENDRIX, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 21 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 95 IS 1 BP 228 EP 233 DI 10.1104/pp.95.1.228 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ET772 UT WOS:A1991ET77200035 PM 16667956 ER PT J AU ABELES, FB BILES, CL AF ABELES, FB BILES, CL TI CHARACTERIZATION OF PEROXIDASES IN LIGNIFYING PEACH FRUIT ENDOCARP SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOSYNTHESIS; LOCALIZATION; TISSUE AB Developing peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch 'Redskin') fruit were used to characterize the role of peroxidases in lignification. During development, the endocarp of these drupes becomes lignified while the mesocarp remains parenchymatous. Acidic peroxidase from lignifying endocarp were similar to those of the fleshy mesocarp. The endocarp had a larger amount and number of basic peroxidases than the mesocarp. Cultured peach leaf cells are thought to be lignified because their walls give a positive reaction with phloroglucinol-HCI. These cells also secreted a basic peroxidase. Peroxidases were difficult to extract from endocarp tissue as they lignified. This was also demonstrated by tissue printing on nitrocellulose. Flesh, but not endocarp peroxidase was evident in tissue prints. This suggests that tissue printing may fail to reveal the presence of enzymes which are firmly attached to the cell. RP ABELES, FB (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 18 TC 99 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 95 IS 1 BP 269 EP 273 DI 10.1104/pp.95.1.269 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ET772 UT WOS:A1991ET77200042 PM 16667963 ER PT J AU HUBER, JL HITE, DRC OUTLAW, WH HUBER, SC AF HUBER, JL HITE, DRC OUTLAW, WH HUBER, SC TI INACTIVATION OF HIGHLY ACTIVATED SPINACH LEAF SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE BY DEPHOSPHORYLATION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PYRUVATE-DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASES; PHOSPHORYLATION; PURIFICATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MITOCHONDRIA; REACTIVATION; PLANTS; LEAVES AB Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaf sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) can be phosphorylated and inactivated in vitro with [gamma-P-32]ATP (JLA Huber, SC Huber, TH Nielsen [1989] Arch Biochem Biophys 270: 681-690). Thus, it was surprising to find that SPS, extracted from leaves fed mannose in the light to highly activate the enzyme, could be inactivated in an ATP-independent manner when desalted crude extracts were preincubated at 25-degrees-C before assay. The "spontaneous" inactivation involved a loss in activity measured with limiting substrate concentrations in the presence of the inhibitor, Pi, without affecting maximum catalytic activity. The spontaneous inactivation was unaffected by exogenous carrier proteins and protease inhibitors, but was inhibited by inorganic phosphate, fluoride, and molybdate, suggesting that a phosphatase may be involved. Okadaic acid, a potent inhibitor of mammalian type 1 and 2A protein phosphatases, had no effect up to 5 micromolar. Inactivation was stimulated about twofold by exogenous Mg2+ and was relatively insensitive to Ca2+ and to pH over the range pH 6.5 to 8.5. Radioactive phosphate incorporated into SPS during labeling of excised leaves with [P-32]Pi (initially in the dark and then in the light with mannose) was lost with time when desalted crude extracts were incubated at 25-degrees-C, and the loss in radiolabel was substantially reduced by fluoride. These results provide direct evidence for action of an endogenous phosphatase(s) using SPS as substrate. We postulate that highly activated SPS contains phosphorylated residue(s) that increase activation state, and that spontaneous inactivation occurs by removal of these phosphate group(s). Inactivation of SPS in vivo caused by feeding uncouplers to darkened leaf tissue that had previously been fed mannose in the dark, may occur by this mechanism. However, there is no evidence that this mechanism is involved in light-dark regulation of SPS in vivo. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,PLANT PHYSIOL PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI B157,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. NR 23 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 95 IS 1 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1104/pp.95.1.291 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ET772 UT WOS:A1991ET77200046 PM 16667968 ER PT J AU DEAN, JFD ANDERSON, JD AF DEAN, JFD ANDERSON, JD TI ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS-INDUCING XYLANASE .2. PURIFICATION AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ENZYME PRODUCED BY TRICHODERMA-VIRIDE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT-CELL WALLS; CELLULYSIN; INDUCTION; HARZIANUM; PROTEINS; SEQUENCE; ELICIT; FRUIT AB The ethylene biosynthesis-inducing endoxylanase (EIX) from xylan-induced cultures of the fungus, Trichoderma viride, was purified to near homogeneity and compared with the EIX isolated from Cellulysin. Both enzymes migrate as 9.2 kilodalton proteins during gel filtration chromatography under nondenaturing conditions, but the mature polypeptide migrates as a 22 kilodalton band in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition of the 22 kilodalton polypeptide is enriched by Gly, Ser, Thr, Trp, and Tyr, but depleted in Ala, Glx, Leu, and Lys. Both proteins lack sulfur-containing amino acids. The protein is glycosylated, and inhibition of EIX synthesis by tunicamycin suggests that at least some of the sugar moieties are linked to asparagine residues. EIX appears to be synthesized initially as a 25 kilodalton precursor protein that is processed to 22 kilodalton during secretion. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Dean, Jeffrey/G-2184-2010 OI Dean, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1208-1023 NR 32 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 95 IS 1 BP 316 EP 323 DI 10.1104/pp.95.1.316 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ET772 UT WOS:A1991ET77200049 PM 16667971 ER PT J AU SOWA, S CONNOR, KF TOWILL, LE AF SOWA, S CONNOR, KF TOWILL, LE TI TEMPERATURE-CHANGES IN LIPID AND PROTEIN-STRUCTURE MEASURED BY FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY IN INTACT POLLEN GRAINS SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POLLEN; INFRARED; IMBIBITIONAL DAMAGE; MEMBRANE TRANSITION ID ACHOLEPLASMA-LAIDLAWII-B; CRYSTAL PHASE-TRANSITION; SPECTROSCOPY; MEMBRANES; CELLS; GEL; BEHAVIOR AB Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to monitor structural changes in lipids and proteins in four species of pollen grains at different temperatures. Spectral data were used to determine membrane phase transition temperature (Tm) in pollen at two hydration levels. Imbibition was conducted at temperatures above and below the determined Tm values to correlate damage to the presence of gel phase. For three species of pollen, hydration overcame imbibitional damage at low temperature. However, dry pecan pollen, which had a high lipid content, was injured during imbibition at temperatures above and below the Tm. Changes in protein structure were not related to imbibitional damage. FTIR spectroscopy is a useful tool in examining biochemical properties of intact pollen grains and has potential for evaluating cryopreservation protocols. RP SOWA, S (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1991 VL 78 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(91)90155-2 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA GG174 UT WOS:A1991GG17400001 ER PT J AU WARNER, DA KNUTSON, CA AF WARNER, DA KNUTSON, CA TI ISOLATION OF ALPHA-AMYLASES AND OTHER STARCH DEGRADING ENZYMES FROM ENDOSPERM OF GERMINATING MAIZE SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALPHA-AMYLASE; BETA-AMYLASE; PULLULANASE; MAIZE; ENDOSPERM; STARCH HYDROLYSIS AB An improved purification procedure preserved high levels of alpha-amylase activity, and revealed and separated other starch-degrading activities from endosperm of germinating maize (Zea mays L.). Amylases were partially purified by hydroxylapatite chromatography, and separated by chromatofocusing and affinity chromatography on cycloheptaamylose. Chromatofocusing resolved eight protein peaks with amylase activity. The binding of amylase activity to cycloheptaamylose ranged from 0 to 90% for these peaks. Isoelectric focusing and analysis of substrate specificities showed two major groups of alpha-amylase with five subgroups, two pullulanase enzymes, and one beta-amylase. This procedure is a significant improvement over the use of protein precipitation and affinity chromatography which results in large, and possibly selective, losses of amylase activity. RP WARNER, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,SEED BIOSYNTH RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1991 VL 78 IS 2 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(91)90192-B PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA GJ179 UT WOS:A1991GJ17900001 ER PT J AU MICHLER, CH BAUER, EO AF MICHLER, CH BAUER, EO TI HIGH-FREQUENCY SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS FROM LEAF TISSUE OF POPULUS SPP SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EMBRYOIDS; ASEXUAL EMBRYOGENESIS; HYBRID POPLAR ID PLANT-REGENERATION; CALLUS PRODUCTION; CULTURES; EMBRYOS; CELLS AB A high frequency somatic embryogenesis protocol was developed for biotechnological manipulations of hybrids poplar in which embryogenic callus was derived from non-embryonic explants. Somatic embryos of Populus alba x P. grandidentata (NC-5339) were differentiated directly on leaf explants and indirectly from embryogenic cell suspension callus initiated from leaf tissue. Leaf explants were induced to form embryogenic callus in darkness on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 5 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.05 mg/l benzyladenine (BA), and 30 g/l sucrose. The auxin to cytokinin ratio (5 mg/l 2,4-D to 0.05 mg/l zeatin) was optimized for globular-shaped embryo initiation from cell suspension callus. Heart-shaped embryo development occurred after removal of 2.4-D from the culture medium, and development progressed to embryo maturity on the same medium. Late stage torpedo-shaped embryos germinated following a 1-week subculture on MS medium containing 5 mg/l IAA and 0.05 mg/l BA, and germinated embryos were successfully transferred cx vitro to greenhouse growth conditions. RP MICHLER, CH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,POB 898,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1991 VL 77 IS 1 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(91)90186-C PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA GC754 UT WOS:A1991GC75400012 ER PT J AU RUFTY, TW SIDDIQI, MY GLASS, ADM RUTH, TJ AF RUFTY, TW SIDDIQI, MY GLASS, ADM RUTH, TJ TI ALTERED (NO3-)-N-13 INFLUX IN PHOSPHORUS LIMITED PLANTS SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PHOSPHORUS STRESS; NITRATE UPTAKE; PHOSPHORUS-NITRATE INTERACTIONS; HORDEUM-VULGARE ID ZEA-MAYS-L; NITRATE INFLUX; NITROGEN ENHANCEMENT; PHOSPHATE-TRANSPORT; BARLEY SEEDLINGS; ROOTS; AMMONIUM; ABSORPTION; REDUCTION; CELLS AB Experiments were conducted to investigate alterations in (NO3-)-N-13 influx with 8-day-old barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Klondike) plants deprived of phosphorus for various periods of time. Influx was decreased by approximately 50% within 24 h of phosphorus deprivation. The inhibition was only slightly more severe with lower phosphorus status. The inhibition of (NO3-)-N-13 influx was accompanied by decreased root [phosphorus], while shoot [phosphorus] remained similar to controls except in plants deprived of phosphorus for the entire 8 days. Root growth tended to increase in plants deprived of phosphorus. Kinetic experiments with 11-day-old plants deprived of phosphorus for 3 or 11 days revealed that V(max) was noticeably decreased in the range of solution [NO3-] from 0.005 to 0.5 mol m-3, implying restricted synthesis of the NO3- uptake system. The results indicate that the initial inhibition of NO3- influx in phosphorus-limited plants reflects regulatory effects on transport processes which are relatively specific and are not due to a general decline in root metabolic activity. The response appears to be a mechanism which contributes to the balanced acquisition of nutrients. C1 UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT BOT,VANCOUVER V6T 2B1,BC,CANADA. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,TRIUMF,VANCOUVER V6T ZA3,BC,CANADA. RP RUFTY, TW (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1991 VL 76 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(91)90216-U PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FT055 UT WOS:A1991FT05500006 ER PT J AU NAGAHASHI, G RAO, J PATTERSON, DL TU, SI AF NAGAHASHI, G RAO, J PATTERSON, DL TU, SI TI PARTIAL-PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIOUS BETA-GLUCOSIDASES ASSOCIATED WITH CELLULAR-COMPONENTS OF CORN ROOTS SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CELL WALL; BOUND ENZYMES; SOLUBILIZED ENZYMES; BETA-GLUCOSIDASE KINETICS; PH OPTIMA ID ACID-PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITY; IONIC CONTROL; WALL; ENZYMES; INHIBITION; SYSTEM; CELLS AB Beta-Glucosidases were isolated from various cellular components from corn root cortical tissue. The subcellular components were separated and the enzymes were partially purified and characterized, The pH-activity profile of the cytosolic enzyme and the unidentified particulate-associated beta-glucosidase were identical. Further kinetic analyses of these two enzymes at pH 5.5 and 7.5 suggests that the unidentified particulate-associated beta-glucosidase is the bound form of the cytosolic enzyme. The ionically bound cell wall enzyme (in muro) had a pH optimum of 5.5 while the free form (salt solubilized) had a pH optimum of 5.0. The enzyme kinetics of the extracellular enzymes were compared to the intracellular forms with particular reference to bound versus free enzymes. The K(m) values and the shape of the kinetic curves of free enzymes were not changed when enzymes were assayed in the bound state. The tightly bound cell wall enzyme had a very broad pH-activity profile and had K(m) value approximately one-half the K(m) value of the other beta-glucosidases. RP NAGAHASHI, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1991 VL 76 IS 2 BP 185 EP 191 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(91)90140-4 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FW255 UT WOS:A1991FW25500006 ER PT J AU MOREAU, RA ASMANN, PT AF MOREAU, RA ASMANN, PT TI THE HYDROLYSIS OF PHOSPHORYLCHOLINE-CONTAINING METABOLITES IN PLANT-TISSUES - PARTIAL-PURIFICATION OF A CDP-CHOLINE HYDROLASE FROM SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; CYTIDINE DIPHOSPHOCHOLINE; PHOSPHOLIPASE-C ID PHOSPHOLIPASE-C AB Five plant tissues were extracted and found to contain enzymes which could hydrolyze p-nitrophenylphorylcholine (PNP-PC), an artificial substrate which has been reported to be a covenient substrate for measuring the activity of phospholipase C. The leaves and tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. were then examined in more detail and found to contain enzymes which were capable of hydrolyzing several phosphorylcholine-containing metabolites. These metabolites included phosphatidylcholine (PC), glycerol phosphorylcholine, and cytodine diphosphocholine. The PNP-PC hydrolase from potato leaves was partially purified (a 229-fold increase in specific activity was achieved) and was found to have a molecular weight of about 28,000 and an isoelectric pH of approximately 6.8. When PNP-PC was used as a substrate, the enzyme was found to exhibit optimal activity at pH 6.0, was inhibited by Zn2+, and was found to have a K(m) of about 10 mM for PNP-PC. This hydrolytic enzyme activity was then tested for activity with naturally-occurring phosphorylcholine-containing metabolites and was found to hydrolyze CDP-choline but not PC or glycerol phosphorylcholine. This report indicates that although several plants contain enzymes that are capable of hydrolyzing PNP-PC, this substrate appears to be hydrolyzed by enzymes other than C-type phospholipases. RP MOREAU, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1991 VL 75 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(91)90005-S PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FM353 UT WOS:A1991FM35300004 ER PT J AU WISE, RR SPARROW, DH ORTIZLOPEZ, A ORT, DR AF WISE, RR SPARROW, DH ORTIZLOPEZ, A ORT, DR TI BIOCHEMICAL REGULATION DURING THE MID-DAY DECLINE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN FIELD-GROWN SUNFLOWER SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L; COMPOSITACEAE; SUNFLOWER; DROUGHT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LEAF WATER POTENTIAL; REGULATION ID ABSCISIC-ACID; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; WATER-STRESS; GAS-EXCHANGE; LEAF CONDUCTANCE; CO2 ASSIMILATION; LEAVES; CLOSURE; FLUORESCENCE; ENVIRONMENT AB Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was raised according to common agricultural practices except that drought was imposed from the 20th day after planting in order to accentuate the natural daily cycling in leaf water potential (PSI-leaf). The nature of the processes involved in regulating assimilation on a diurnal time scale was then investigated using techniques of gas exchange analysis. Although PSI-leaf decreased from -0.5 to -1.1 MPa between predawn and mid-afternoon, autoradiographs of recent C-14-photoassimilation in leaves showed no evidence for inhomogeneities in stomatal apertures at any time of the day. Only by severing the tap root and allowing the shoot to dry rapidly could 'patchiness' be induced. A significant diurnal decline in assimilation (A) (from approximately 31 to 25-mu-mol CO2 m-2 s-1) was accompanied by declining leaf conductance but, since there was no significant change in intercellular [CO2] (C(i)), it is unlikely that A was being limited by the supply of CO2 for carboxylation. Instead, a decrease in the initial slope of A/C(i) curves taken over the course of the day showing a decreased apparent affinity of the CO2 reductive processes for CO2, indicating chloroplast-level control. By briefly treating the leaf with intercellular CO2 levels near the CO2 compensation point, the relationship between A and C(i) could be significantly shifted. These experiments revealed a strong biochemical element contributing to the lower photosynthetic rates that develop over the course of a day in field-grown sunflower. In addition, it was seen that rapid adjustments could be made in the level of the biochemical control and that they were probably initiated by changes in the intercellular CO2 levels. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,289 MORRILL HALL,505 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 31 TC 33 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1991 VL 74 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(91)90254-6 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FE752 UT WOS:A1991FE75200006 ER PT J AU DAVIS, DG OLSON, PA SWANSON, HR FREAR, DS AF DAVIS, DG OLSON, PA SWANSON, HR FREAR, DS TI METABOLISM OF THE HERBICIDE METRIBUZIN BY AN N-GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE FROM TOMATO CELL-CULTURES SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE METRIBUZIN; TOMATO; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; TISSUE CULTURE; CALLUS; CELL SUSPENSION; N-GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; GLUCOSIDE CONJUGATION ID LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM CULTIVARS; SUSPENSION CULTURES; TRANSLOCATION; ABSORPTION; TOLERANCE; GLUCOSIDE AB Callus and cell suspension cultures of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. 'Sheyenne') form a glucose conjugate of the herbicide metribuzin, an asymmetric triazinone that inhibits photosynthesis. The responsible enzyme, a soluble UDP-glucose: metribuzin N-glucosyltransferase (MGT) has been isolated and partially characterized from cells grown in B5 media containing 3 mg 1-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The N-glucoside reaction product was identified by co-chromatography and mass spectrometry. Specific activity of MGT (nmol N-glucoside (mg prot.)-1 h-1) ranged from 0.1 to 3.5 in callus and from 0 to 7.5 in cell suspension cultures. In contrast to green plants, MGT activity of cell cultures was not increased by fluorescent light (70-mu-E m-2 s-1). Higher concentrations of 2,4-D had no effect on MGT specific activity, but omission of 2,4-D resulted in decreased specific activity. At 3 days after subculture, suspension cultures with 3 mg 1-1 2,4-D had a maximum MGT specific activity of 4.8, which decreased to 2.3 by 14 days when maximum growth occurred and to zero activity by 23 days. Cell suspensions treated with 3 mg 1-1 of four other auxins or auxinic compounds (dicamba, picloram, indoleacetic acid, and naphthaleneacetic acid) had MGT specific activities ranging from 0.3 to 1.9 with no correlation between growth and enzyme activity. Kinetin had no consistent effect on MGT specific activity in cell cultures. RP DAVIS, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1991 VL 74 IS 1 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(91)90257-9 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FE752 UT WOS:A1991FE75200009 ER PT J AU HSU, AFC BRAUER, D LU, D RODENBACH, S TU, SI AF HSU, AFC BRAUER, D LU, D RODENBACH, S TU, SI TI PURIFICATION AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF VANADATE SENSITIVE MG-ATPASE FROM PLASMA-MEMBRANE OF MAIZE ROOTS SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ATPASE; SOLUBILIZATION; ANTISERUM; CORN ROOTS; IMMUNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES ID H+-ATPASE; RED BEET; ADENOSINE-TRIPHOSPHATASE; CORN ROOTS; SOLUBILIZATION; VESICLES; INHIBITION; FRACTION AB The vanadate-sensitive ATPase from maize (Zea mays L.) root plasma membrane was partially purified from KI-washed microsomes by discontinuous sucrose gradient centritugation followed by deoxycholate (DOC) treatment, L-L-lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC) solubilization and glycerol gradient centrifugation. The plasma membrane preparation had a relatively high specific activity of ATPase activity (182-mu-mol P(i)/h (mg proteins). During lyso-PC solubilization, the presence of Mg:ATP and vanadate substantially improved the recovery of active ATPase. The 100-kDa polypeptide of the plasma membrane ATPase was isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacryamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and used to raise a specific polyclonal antiservm. The addition of antiserum to the lyso-PC solubilized plasma membrane resulted in a loss of 90% of the total ATPase activity from the supernatant fraction after centritugation. The antiserum also inhibited the proton transport activity of reconstituted plasma membrane vesicles. Western blot experiments showed that a single band of 100 kDa reacted with the anti-ATPase antibodies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) analysis indicated that the antiserum exhibited specificity to plasma membrane as compared to other subcellular membranes. Thus, the antiserum obtained in this study is specific for the 100-kDa polypeptide of the plasma membrane ATPase. RP HSU, AFC (reprint author), USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 157 EP 166 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(91)90041-6 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA FF527 UT WOS:A1991FF52700002 ER PT J AU HOWLE, PKW FITES, RC AF HOWLE, PKW FITES, RC TI PYRITHIAMIN IS A COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR OF ATP-THIAMIN PYROPHOSPHOTRANSFERASE (EC 2.7.6.2) FROM DARK-GROWN SOYBEAN [GLYCINE-MAX (L) MERR, CV RANSOM-II] SEEDLING AXES SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PYRITHIAMIN; SOYBEAN [GLYCINE-MAX (L) MERR]; THIAMIN PYROPHOSPHATE; THIAMIN PYROPHOSPHOTRANSFERASE ID PYROPHOSPHOKINASE; PURIFICATION AB ATP:thiamin pyrophosphotransferase (TPT, EC 2.7.6.2) activity from dark-grown soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr., cv. Ransom II] cotyledons and embryonic axes was monitored at 24-h intervals from initial water imbibition to 96 h post imbibition. TPT activity increased to a maximum by 48 h in both axes and cotyledons, but was consistently higher in axes. The specific activity of TPT isolated from light-greened axes was approximately 65% above dark-grown controls. No difference was detected between similarly treated cotyledons. TPT purified 132-fold from 48 h dark-grown axes had apparent K(m) values of 10(-6) M and 10(-5) M for thiamin and GTP, respectively, while apparent K(m) values for ATP, UTP and CTP were 10(-2) M. Pyrithiamin was a competitive inhibitor of soybean TPT with a K(i) equivalent to the apparent K(m) for thiamin. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,BOX 7612,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1991 VL 73 IS 2 BP 161 EP 166 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(91)90024-3 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA EX982 UT WOS:A1991EX98200006 ER PT J AU KAZAN, K MUEHLBAUER, FJ AF KAZAN, K MUEHLBAUER, FJ TI ALLOZYME VARIATION AND PHYLOGENY IN ANNUAL SPECIES OF CICER (LEGUMINOSAE) SO PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE ANGIOSPERMS; LEGUMINOSAE; CICER; ALLOZYMES; ISOZYME GENE DUPLICATION; PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONS; POLYMORPHISM ID STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; GENETIC DISTANCE; ARIETINUM-L; CHICKPEA; HETEROZYGOSITY; INHERITANCE; MORPHOLOGY; BUFFERS; ORIGIN AB Allozymic variation at 30 isozyme loci was examined electrophoretically in nine annual and one perennial species of Cicer. While most of the accessions examined were monomorphic, species can be differentiated on the basis of their enzyme phenotypes. Several groups of species were identified based upon genetic distance values. For example, C. arietinum, C. reticulatum, and C. echinospermum shared the same alleles for most of the loci examained. Perennial C. anatolicum is also closely related to this group. Similarly, C. judaicum, C. bijugum, and C. pinnatifidum formed another group. Two annual species, C. chorassanicum and C. yamashitae clustered together, whereas C. cuneatum was the most distantly related species. Correlations were found between genetic distances and geographic distribution. Results from enzyme electrophoresis tend to support the previously reported taxonomic treatments based upon crossability and morphological similarity. However, C. yamashitae, which has been classified in the second crossability group, is quite distinct genetically and morphologically from the remaining species of the group. An isozyme gene duplication observed in the genus suggested the monophyletic origin of the species examined in the present study. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP KAZAN, K (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. RI Kazan, Kemal/B-8032-2008 NR 30 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0378-2697 J9 PLANT SYST EVOL JI Plant Syst. Evol. PY 1991 VL 175 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1007/BF00942142 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA FF057 UT WOS:A1991FF05700002 ER PT J AU TUCKER, ML BAIRD, SL SEXTON, R AF TUCKER, ML BAIRD, SL SEXTON, R TI BEAN LEAF ABSCISSION - TISSUE-SPECIFIC ACCUMULATION OF A CELLULASE MESSENGER-RNA SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE ABSCISSION (LEAF); CELLULASE; LEAF ABSCISSION; MESSENGER RNA (CELLULASE); PHASEOLUS (LEAF ABSCISSION); TISSUE-PRINT TECHNIQUE ID IMPATIENS-SULTANI; GENE-EXPRESSION; 9.5 CELLULASE; PHASEOLUS; ETHYLENE; ZONES; LOCALIZATION; KIDNEY; CELLS AB We have previously reported the identification (Tucker et al., 1988, Plant Physiol. 88, 1257-1262) and sequence (Tucker and Milligan, 1991, Plant Physiol. 95, 928-933) of a cellulase cDNA associated with bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaf abscission. In-vitro transcripts of this cDNA clone were used to determine the distribution of the complementary cellulase mRNA in abscising zones using both in-situ and tissue-print hybridization techniques. The mRNA was found in two cell layers on either side of the fracture plane and was not limited to any particular cell class. In the vascular tissue, however, cellulase mRNA accumulated in cells up to several millimeters either side of the fracture plane. This distribution is consistent with immunolocalizations of cellulase in the same tissue. C1 UNIV STIRLING,DEPT BIOL MOLEC SCI,STIRLING FK9 4LA,SCOTLAND. RP TUCKER, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BLDG 006,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PY 1991 VL 186 IS 1 BP 52 EP 57 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA GV367 UT WOS:A1991GV36700007 PM 24186574 ER PT J AU MELROY, DL HERMAN, EM AF MELROY, DL HERMAN, EM TI TIP, AN INTEGRAL MEMBRANE-PROTEIN OF THE PROTEIN-STORAGE VACUOLES OF THE SOYBEAN COTYLEDON UNDERGOES DEVELOPMENTALLY REGULATED MEMBRANE ACCUMULATION AND REMOVAL SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE COTYLEDON; GLYCINE (TONOPLAST PROTEIN); PROTEIN (STORAGE-VACUOLE); TONOPLAST INTEGRAL PROTEIN ID DEVELOPING PEA COTYLEDONS; JACK-BEAN COTYLEDONS; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; STRUCTURAL ASPECTS; SEEDS; BODIES; SUGARS; OIL AB Protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cotyledon cells are formed by subdivision of the central vacuole early in seed maturation. They persist until the fifth or sixth day after germination when the central vacuole re-forms. The major integral membrane protein of PSVs, called Tonoplast Integral Protein or TIP, is highly conserved in the seeds of higher plants (K.D. Johnson et al. 1989, Plant Physiol. 91, 1006-1013). The primary sequence of TIP indicates that it may be a pore protein, although of unknown function (K.D. Johnson et al. 1990, Plant Cell 2, 525-532). TIP is apparently seed-specific and is localized in the protein-storage-vacuole membrane of the storage-parenchyma cells and the tonoplast of provascular cells. Using correlated immunoblot and electron microscopic-immunocytochemical assays, we have studied TIP accumulation during seed maturation and its disappearance during seed germination. We have determined that the accumulation of TIP in the protein-storage-vacuole membrane is not correlated with the presence or concentration of stored protein in the organelle. Accumulation of TIP occurs primarily after the division of the central vacuole into protein-storage vacuoles is complete and most of the stored protein has been deposited. Transport of TIP to the PSV membrane is apparently mediated by the Golgi apparatus. Quantitative SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis)-immunoblots indicate that, after germination is initiated, TIP abundance is unchanged for the first 4d, but that between days 5 and 7 of growth its abundance decreases drastically. TIP is removed from the PSV membrane prior to the completion of storage-protein mobilization and concurrently with re-formation of the central vacuole. The mechanism of TIP removal appears to involve autophagic sequestering of membrane inside the PSV. The developmental regulation of TIP insertion and removal indicates a physiological function of TIP during late seed maturation or early seedling growth. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 22 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PY 1991 VL 184 IS 1 BP 113 EP 122 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FF054 UT WOS:A1991FF05400017 PM 24193937 ER PT J AU WISNIEWSKI, M DAVIS, G SCHAFFER, K AF WISNIEWSKI, M DAVIS, G SCHAFFER, K TI MEDIATION OF DEEP SUPERCOOLING OF PEACH AND DOGWOOD BY ENZYMATIC MODIFICATIONS IN CELL-WALL STRUCTURE SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE PRUNUS; CORNUS; COLD HARDINESS; SUPER-COOLING; XYLEM PARENCHYMA ID XYLEM PARENCHYMA; WOODY-PLANTS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; PERMEABILITY; LANTHANUM; PRUNUS; ULMUS; LAYER AB Treatment of stem sections of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) with macerase, an enzyme mixture rich in pectinase, for 24-48 h resulted in a complete flattening of the low-temperature exotherm (LTE) as determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA). Ultrastructural analysis of macerase-treated tissue demonstrated a nearly complete digestion of the pit membrane (black cap and primary cell-wall) of nearly 100% of the xylem-parenchyma cells examined after 48 h of exposure to the enzyme. Additionally, the underlying amorphous layer was partially degraded in up to 57% of the cells examined. The macerase treatment had no visible effect on secondary cell-walls of xylem tissue. In contrast, treatment of stem tissue with cellulysin (mostly cellulase) resulted in a shift of the LTE to warmer temperatures as determined by DTA, and a digestion of only the outermost layer of the pit membrane in nearly 100% of the cells examined, with little or no effect on the underlying layers. Treatment of tissue with 25 mM sodium-phosphate buffer also resulted in a shift of the LTE to warmer temperatures but the shift was not as great as in cellulysin-treated tissue. The shift was associated with a partial degradation of the outermost layer of the pit membrane in dogwood (33-45% of the cells examined) but not in peach (3-7% of the cells). Collectively, the data indicate that pectins may be an integral structural element of the pit membrane and that this portion of the cell-wall, along with the underlying amorphous layer, play a major role in forming a barrier to water movement and growth of ice crystals. This barrier allows xylem parenchyma of some species of woody plants to undergo deep supercooling. RP WISNIEWSKI, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 19 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PY 1991 VL 184 IS 2 BP 254 EP 260 DI 10.1007/BF01102426 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FM452 UT WOS:A1991FM45200013 PM 24194078 ER PT J AU WESTHOFF, P OFFERMANNSTEINHARD, K HOFER, M ESKINS, K OSWALD, A STREUBEL, M AF WESTHOFF, P OFFERMANNSTEINHARD, K HOFER, M ESKINS, K OSWALD, A STREUBEL, M TI DIFFERENTIAL ACCUMULATION OF PLASTID TRANSCRIPTS ENCODING PHOTOSYSTEM-II COMPONENTS IN THE MESOPHYLL AND BUNDLE-SHEATH CELLS OF MONOCOTYLEDONOUS NADP-MALIC ENZYME-TYPE-C4 PLANTS SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE C4 PLANT; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; PENNISETUM; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; PLASTID GENE EXPRESSION; SORGHUM; ZEA (PLASTID GENE EXPRESSION) ID CHLOROPHYLL-A-APOPROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNA STABILITY; 3' INVERTED REPEATS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CHLOROPLAST GENOME; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-EXPRESSION; ATP SYNTHASE; ENDONUCLEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE; RHODOBACTER-CAPSULATUS AB As a first step in understanding the differential expression of the plastid-encoded photosystem II (PSII) genes in mesophyll and bundle-sheath cells, we have used RNA blotting techniques to investigate the transcript patterns of these genes in three NADP-malic enzyme-type C4 species: Zea mays L., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke. Our comparison showed that in all three species the relative levels of transcripts encoding PSII proteins were diminished in bundle-sheath cells. No major differences, either in abundance or in the processing pathways, could be detected for transcripts encoding subunits of the PSI and ATP-synthase complexes. The transcript profiles of the psbB and psbD/C transcription units were particularly striking. These operons were of heterogeneous composition, i.e. they encode PSII subunits as well as proteins or RNAs which are involved in different functional entities. The transcript patterns of the psbB and psbD/C transcription units were complex and characterized by multiple, partially overlapping RNAs. Our analysis showed that the relative levels of the oligocistronic PSII transcripts derived from these transcription units with the exception of psbH were selectively reduced in bundle-sheath cells. In contrast, RNAs carrying the non-PSII components were present in similar quantities in the two cell types. The data demonstrate that segmental RNAs within one single transcription unit can accumulate to different degrees. Regulatory mechanisms which may explain this expression behaviour are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP WESTHOFF, P (reprint author), UNIV DUSSELDORF,INST ENTWICKL & MOLEK BIOL PFLANZEN,W-4000 DUSSELDORF 1,GERMANY. NR 67 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PY 1991 VL 184 IS 3 BP 377 EP 388 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FR398 UT WOS:A1991FR39800011 PM 24194156 ER PT J AU HOFTE, H FAYE, L DICKINSON, C HERMAN, EM CHRISPEELS, MJ AF HOFTE, H FAYE, L DICKINSON, C HERMAN, EM CHRISPEELS, MJ TI THE PROTEIN-BODY PROTEINS PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ AND TONOPLAST INTRINSIC PROTEIN ARE TARGETED TO VACUOLES IN LEAVES OF TRANSGENIC TOBACCO SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE NICOTIANA (TRANSGENIC); PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ; PROTEIN BODIES; PROTEIN TARGETING; TONOPLAST INTRINSIC PROTEIN; VACUOLE ID MUNG BEAN COTYLEDONS; STORAGE VACUOLES; PLANT-CELLS; BODIES; SEEDS; GENES; EXPRESSION; TRANSFORMATION; GLYCOSYLATION; PROTOPLASTS AB To demonstrate the relationship between protein-bodies in seeds and vacuoles in other tissues, we expressed the coding sequences of two bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) protein-body proteins in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). We chose phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L) and tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP) as representatives of the protein-body contents and protein-body membrane, respectively. The location of the two proteins in the leaves of transgenic tobacco was examined by immunocytochemistry and in preparations of isolated vacuoles. Tonoplast intrinsic protein accumulates primarily in tonoplasts in tobacco leaves, whereas PHA is found exclusively in the vacuolar sap, showing that the signals that target proteins to protein-bodies and their limiting membranes in seeds are correctly recognized in leaves. This observation provides further evidence that protein-bodies of dicotyledonous seeds should be considered as protein-storage vacuoles. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT BIOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV ROUEN HAUTE NORMANDIE,CNRS,UA203,F-76130 MT ST AIGNAN,FRANCE. NR 28 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PY 1991 VL 184 IS 4 BP 431 EP 437 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FV059 UT WOS:A1991FV05900002 PM 24194233 ER PT J AU CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ SALVUCCI, ME EGLI, DB AF CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ SALVUCCI, ME EGLI, DB TI FRUIT REMOVAL IN SOYBEAN INDUCES THE FORMATION OF AN INSOLUBLE FORM OF RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE IN LEAF EXTRACTS SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE FRUIT REMOVAL AND RUBISCO; GLYCINE (RUBISCO AND FRUIT REMOVAL); LEAF SENESCENCE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND FRUIT REMOVAL; RIBULOSE-1,5-CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE; RIBULOSE 5-PHOSPHATE KINASE; SENESCENCE (LEAF) ID RIBULOSE 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; GENETIC MALE-STERILE; POD REMOVAL; SINK REMOVAL; SENESCENCE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LEAVES; ISOLINES; ENZYMES AB In some soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars, fruit removal does not delay the apparent loss of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, EC 4.1.1.39) activity and abundance or the decline in photosynthesis. Analysis of leaf extracts from defruited plants indicated a time-dependent increase in both Rubisco activity and abundance in a 30 000.g pellet fraction in cultivars which had been reported to lose all Rubisco protein from the supernatant fraction. Attempts to solubilize the pelleted Rubisco by increasing the buffer volume/tissue ratio or by adding alkylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-100), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), or NaCl were unsuccessful. However, treatment of the pellets with denaturants such as 8 M urea or 5% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) did release Rubisco from the pellet. Redistribution of protein to the pellet fraction appeared to be specific for Rubisco since the amount of ribulose-5-phosphate kinase (EC 2.7.1.19) found in the pellet fraction of leaf extracts of control and defruited plants was small and constant over time. The loss of soluble Rubisco, in response to fruit removal varied with genotype and was reproducible in both field and greenhouse environments. In addition, the effect was influenced by node position and light; lower and-or shaded leaves exhibited less Rubisco in the pellet fraction than leaves from the top of the plant that was fully exposed to sunlight. When isolated by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation, the insoluble Rubisco was found to co-purify with a 30-kDa (kilodalton) polypeptide. These results indicate that alteration of the source/sink ratio by removing fruits results in the formation of an insoluble form of Rubisco in leaf extracts of soybean. Whether or not Rubisco exists as an insoluble complex with the 30-kDa polypeptide in intact leaves of defruited plants remains to be determined. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PY 1991 VL 183 IS 2 BP 300 EP 306 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ET357 UT WOS:A1991ET35700022 PM 24193634 ER PT J AU SLONE, JH BUCKHOUT, TJ AF SLONE, JH BUCKHOUT, TJ TI SUCROSE-DEPENDENT H+ TRANSPORT IN PLASMA-MEMBRANE VESICLES ISOLATED FROM SUGAR-BEET LEAVES (BETA-VULGARIS L) - EVIDENCE IN SUPPORT OF THE H+-SYMPORT MODEL FOR SUCROSE TRANSPORT SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE ASSIMILATE PARTITIONING; BETA; COTRANSPORT; PLASMA MEMBRANE; PROTON MOTIVE FORCE; SUCROSE TRANSPORT ID DEVELOPING SOYBEAN COTYLEDONS; LACTOSE-PROTON SYMPORT; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LEAF TISSUES; PHLOEM; SELECTIVITY; COTRANSPORT; PROTOPLASTS; SYSTEMS AB The mechanism of sucrose transport across the plasma membrane (PM) was investigated in membrane vesicles isolated from sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves. In the presence of a membrane potential (DELTA-PSI) generated as a K+ -diffusion potential, negative inside, sucrose induced a rapid and transient alkalization of the medium. Alkalization was inhibited by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, was specific for the sucrose sugar and was dependent on the sucrose concentration with a K(m) of approx. 1 mM. Sucrose-induced alkalization and sucrose transport were inhibited by the sulfhydrylreactive reagent, p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid, and by the histidine-reactive reagent, diethyl pyrocarbonate. Parallel analysis of sucrose uptake and alkalization indicated that the stoichiometry of sucrose uptake to proton consumed was 1:1. These results provide clear evidence that the saturable mechanism of sucrose transport across the PM in plants is a coupled H+ -sucrose symport. C1 UNIV KAISERSLAUTERN,FACHBEREICH BIOL,POSTFACH 3049,W-6750 KAISERSLAUTERN,GERMANY. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT PHOTOBIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PY 1991 VL 183 IS 4 BP 584 EP 589 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FA983 UT WOS:A1991FA98300015 PM 24193852 ER PT J AU HINTON, A CORRIER, DE ZIPRIN, RL SPATES, GE DELOACH, JR AF HINTON, A CORRIER, DE ZIPRIN, RL SPATES, GE DELOACH, JR TI COMPARISON OF THE EFFICACY OF CULTURES OF CECAL ANAEROBES AS INOCULA TO REDUCE SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION IN CHICKS WITH OR WITHOUT DIETARY LACTOSE SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; COLONIZATION; LACTOSE; CECAL PH; CECAL ANAEROBES ID COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; FLORA; PREVENTION; INFECTION; FECES AB The ability of anaerobic cultures from mature chicken cecal material stored at -70 C for 1 or 10 mo to reduce Salmonella typhimurium colonization of the ceca of young chicks was evaluated. Chick treatments consisted of per os inoculation with anaerobic cultures from the cecal materials and providing or not providing the chicks dietary lactose. Chicks were challenged per os at 3 days of age with 10(6) S. typhimurium. Chicks were killed on Day 10, and their cecal contents were analyzed for pH, oxidation-reduction potential, total short-chained volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactic acid, and the number of S. typhimurium per gram of cecal content. Cecal concentration of undissociated VFA was calculated. Dietary lactose produced a .66- to .87-unit decrease in cecal pH, and significant increases in cecal lactic acid concentrations, undissociated cecal acetic and propionic acid concentrations, and cecal oxidation-reduction potentials. The treatment of the combination of cecal anaerobes from the 1 mo-old cecal material and dietary lactose caused a greater reduction in S. typhimurium cecal colonization than any other treatment. RP HINTON, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 24 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 70 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA EW409 UT WOS:A1991EW40900010 PM 2017419 ER PT J AU CUPO, MA CARTWRIGHT, AL AF CUPO, MA CARTWRIGHT, AL TI THE EFFECT OF FEATHER MEAL ON CARCASS COMPOSITION AND FAT PAD CELLULARITY IN BROILERS - INFLUENCE OF THE CALORIE - PROTEIN RATIO OF THE DIET SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FEATHER MEAL; CALORIE-PROTEIN RATIO; GROWTH; CARCASS COMPOSITION; ABDOMINAL FAT ID ABDOMINAL FAT; ENERGY CONTENTS; CHICK LIVER; BODY-FAT; REDUCTION; STRAINS; LEVEL; SEX AB An experiment with a factorial arrangement of treatments was designed to study the effects of feather meal (FM) and the calorie:protein ratio (C:P) of the finisher diet on growth, carcass composition, and the cellular characteristics of the abdominal fat pad in broiler chickens. Four finisher diets were formulated to contain either 0 or 6% FM in combination with C:P of 161 and 186. The diets were available for ad libitum consumption from 35 to 49 days of age. Growth was unaffected by dietary FM at C:P 161 but was reduced at C:P 186, thus indicating a metabolic interaction between the FM and C:P and growth. The FM and C:P 186 each increased carcass yield significantly. Abdominal fat pad weight was not affected by the dietary treatments. Carcass analysis revealed a significant interaction between dietary FM and C:P and carcass weight, protein, and fat. The interaction was manifested as an increase in carcass weight and protein when FM was fed at C:P 161 but a decrease at C:P 186. The change in carcass fat was opposite that of protein at each C:P level. Liver fatty acid synthetase activity was depressed by the feeding of FM. Fat cell number and mean fat cell size were unaffected by either FM feeding or C:P level. These data suggest that dietary FM improves carcass yield and carcass composition, but that the response to dietary FM is influenced by the C:P ratio of the diet. RP CUPO, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POULTRY RES LAB,GEORGETOWN,DE 19947, USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 70 IS 1 BP 153 EP 159 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA EW409 UT WOS:A1991EW40900021 ER PT J AU LYON, BG LYON, CE AF LYON, BG LYON, CE TI SHEAR VALUE RANGES BY INSTRON WARNER-BRATZLER AND SINGLE-BLADE ALLO-KRAMER DEVICES THAT CORRESPOND TO SENSORY TENDERNESS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE TEXTURE; SHEAR VALUES; BROILER BREAST; METHOD OF MEASUREMENT; POSTMORTEM DEBONING TIME AB Corresponding sensory and shear values were established for the Instron Warner-Bratzler attachment (I-WB) and the single blade Allo-Kramer device (SB-AK). Test samples were three replications of 24 pectoralis major muscles from each of four deboning times (0, 2, 6, or 24 h). Twenty-four consumer panelists evaluated cooked samples for tenderness at each replication. Coefficients of regression for shear values versus sensory tenderness were R2 = .88 and R2 = .86, respectively, for I-WB and SB-AK. The I-WB values of 3.62 to 6.61 kg and SB-AK values of 8.10 to 14.82 kg corresponded to "moderately tender" to "slightly tender". For the 24-h samples, 94% were < 6.61 kg by I-WB and 96% were < 14.82 kg by SB-AK. Of the 6-h samples, 69% were at or below these values. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP LYON, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,FOOD QUAL EVALUAT RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 7 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 70 IS 1 BP 188 EP 191 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA EW409 UT WOS:A1991EW40900028 ER PT J AU BRANTON, SL KLEVEN, SH SIMMONS, JD AF BRANTON, SL KLEVEN, SH SIMMONS, JD TI MYCOPLASMA-GALLISEPTICUM ISOLATIONS RESULTING FROM DRY VERSUS WET SWABS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE MYCOPLASMA-GALLISEPTICUM; DRY SWABS; WET SWABS; ISOLATION; LAYERS ID FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY; CHICKENS AB Commercial Leghorns vaccinated with F strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum were used to determine the effect of hydration of swab material with Frey's broth media on M. gallisepticum isolation. Twenty-four hens from each of four 10,000 bird houses were randomly selected and swabbed from the choanal cleft region. Twelve birds from each house were swabbed with ethylene-oxide-sterilized, 2.4-mm diameter rayon-tipped swabs, and 12 hens were swabbed with the same type swabs wetted with sterile Frey's broth media. Results of the present study demonstrate that wetting of the swab prior to swabbing does not affect the recovery of M. gallisepticum from commercial layers. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT AVIAN MED,ATHENS,GA 30605. RP BRANTON, SL (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,S CENT POULTRY RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39759, USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 70 IS 1 BP 195 EP 197 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA EW409 UT WOS:A1991EW40900030 PM 2017415 ER PT B AU HELLING, CS GISH, TJ AF HELLING, CS GISH, TJ BE GISH, TJ SHIRMOHAMMADI, A TI PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES AFFECTING PREFERENTIAL FLOW SO PREFERENTIAL FLOW: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATIONAL SYMP ON PREFERENTIAL FLOW CY DEC 16-17, 1991 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS RP HELLING, CS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA ST JOSEPH BN 0-929355-23-7 PY 1991 BP 77 EP 86 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BW52L UT WOS:A1991BW52L00008 ER PT J AU HART, RH AF HART, RH GP OKLAHOMA AGR EXPT STN TI DEVELOPING STRATEGIES FOR INTEGRATING FORAGE PARAMETERS TO MEET THE NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF GRAZING LIVESTOCK SO PROCEEDINGS : 2ND GRAZING LIVESTOCK NUTRITION CONFERENCE SE OKLAHOMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2ND GRAZING LIVESTOCK NUTRITION CONF CY AUG 02-03, 1991 CL STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO SP HOFFMANN LA ROCHE, PITMAN MOORE DE STOCKING RATES; CATTLE; RANGE; PASTURE; MODELING RP HART, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,HIGH PLAINS GRASSLANDS RES STN,CHEYENNE,WY 82009, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV DIV AGRICULTURE PI STILLWATER PA STILLWATER J9 OK AG EX MP PY 1991 VL 133 BP 64 EP 73 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BV51E UT WOS:A1991BV51E00005 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, JB AF RUSSELL, JB GP OKLAHOMA AGR EXPT STN TI A REEXAMINATION OF THE AMINO-ACID SPARING EFFECT OF IONOPHORES SO PROCEEDINGS : 2ND GRAZING LIVESTOCK NUTRITION CONFERENCE SE OKLAHOMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2ND GRAZING LIVESTOCK NUTRITION CONF CY AUG 02-03, 1991 CL STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, CO SP HOFFMANN LA ROCHE, PITMAN MOORE DE IONOPHORES; PROTEIN; AMINO ACIDS; AMMONIA; MONENSIN; LASALOCID RP RUSSELL, JB (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV DIV AGRICULTURE PI STILLWATER PA STILLWATER J9 OK AG EX MP PY 1991 VL 133 BP 101 EP 108 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BV51E UT WOS:A1991BV51E00009 ER PT B AU LANDIS, TD CAMPBELL, S ZENSEN, F AF LANDIS, TD CAMPBELL, S ZENSEN, F BE LANDIS, TD TI AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION OF SURFACE-WATER AND GROUNDWATER IN FOREST NURSERIES SO PROCEEDINGS, INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOCIATION / SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOC CY AUG 12-16, 1991 CL PARK CITY, UT SP INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOC, USDA FOREST SERV RP LANDIS, TD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,REG OFF,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1991 VL 211 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA BV91H UT WOS:A1991BV91H00001 ER PT J AU SCHOLTES, JR AF SCHOLTES, JR BE LANDIS, TD TI SOCIOPOLITICAL FACTORS AND NURSERY MANAGEMENT SO PROCEEDINGS, INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOCIATION / SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOC CY AUG 12-16, 1991 CL PARK CITY, UT SP INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOC, USDA FOREST SERV RP SCHOLTES, JR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,J HERBERT STONE NURSERY,CENTRAL POINT,OR 97502, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1991 VL 211 BP 51 EP 54 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA BV91H UT WOS:A1991BV91H00009 ER PT J AU GOODRICH, S AF GOODRICH, S BE LANDIS, TD TI FIELD KEY TO SALIX OF UTAH BASED ON VEGETATIVE FEATURES SO PROCEEDINGS, INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOCIATION / SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOC CY AUG 12-16, 1991 CL PARK CITY, UT SP INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOC, USDA FOREST SERV RP GOODRICH, S (reprint author), USDA,ASHLEY NATL FOREST,VERNAL,UT, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1991 VL 211 BP 71 EP 73 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA BV91H UT WOS:A1991BV91H00012 ER PT J AU HURD, EG SHAW, NL AF HURD, EG SHAW, NL BE LANDIS, TD TI SEED TECHNOLOGY FOR CAREX AND JUNCUS SPECIES OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN REGION SO PROCEEDINGS, INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOCIATION / SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOC CY AUG 12-16, 1991 CL PARK CITY, UT SP INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOC, USDA FOREST SERV RP HURD, EG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,BOISE,ID 83702, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1991 VL 211 BP 74 EP 83 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA BV91H UT WOS:A1991BV91H00013 ER PT J AU MANGOLD, RD AF MANGOLD, RD BE LANDIS, TD TI UPDATE ON NATIONAL TREE PLANTING PROGRAMS SO PROCEEDINGS, INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOCIATION / SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOC CY AUG 12-16, 1991 CL PARK CITY, UT SP INTERMOUNTAIN FOREST NURSERY ASSOC, USDA FOREST SERV RP MANGOLD, RD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1991 VL 211 BP 94 EP 95 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA BV91H UT WOS:A1991BV91H00017 ER PT J AU GRISSELL, EE AF GRISSELL, EE TI A REVISION OF NEARCTIC CHALCEDECTINI (CHALCIDOIDEA, PTEROMALIDAE) WITH A NEW-WORLD CHECKLIST SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE AMOTURA; DRYADOCHALCIS; WOOD-BORING BEETLES; PARASITIC WASP AB Four Nearctic species of Chalcedectini are recognized in two genera: Dryadochalcis texana (Brues), Amotura hyalinipennis (Ashmead), n. comb., Amotura maculipennis (Ashmead), n. comb., and Amotura caelata Grissell, new species. Euchrysia (= Amotura) similis Girault is synonymized under A. hyalinipennis. Each previously described species is redescribed, illustrated for the first time, and the previously undescribed sexes for all species are recognized for the first time. A key to Nearctic taxa is presented, and known geographic and host data are summarized. The Neotropical species Dryadochalcis superba DeSantis is discussed in relationship to its early confusion with D. texana. A list of 15 New World species (with 8 new combinations) in 3 genera is given. RP GRISSELL, EE (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM,USDA ARS,PSI,SYST ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 93 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY226 UT WOS:A1991EY22600001 ER PT J AU HENDRICKSON, RM GRUBER, F MAILLOUX, G DREA, JJ AF HENDRICKSON, RM GRUBER, F MAILLOUX, G DREA, JJ TI PARASITE COLONIZATIONS AGAINST CRIOCERIS-ASPARAGI (L) AND C DUODECIMPUNCTATA (L) (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN NORTH-AMERICA FROM 1983 TO 1988 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; ASPARAGUS; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; PARASITE; LEMOPHAGUS; TETRASTICHUS; MEIGENIA; DIAPARSIS; PARALISPE; MESOCHORUS AB Three species of parasites were colonized against Crioceris asparagi. Of these Lemophagus crioceritor Aubert (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is probably established in Canada. Two species of parasites were released against C. duodecimpunctata but none was recovered. RP HENDRICKSON, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BENEFICIAL INSECTS RES LAB,501 S CHAPEL ST,NEWARK,DE 19713, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 93 IS 1 BP 67 EP 69 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY226 UT WOS:A1991EY22600006 ER PT J AU MARSH, PM AF MARSH, PM TI DESCRIPTION OF A PHYTOPHAGOUS DORYCTINE BRACONID FROM BRASIL (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE BRACONIDAE; DORYCTINAE; PHYTOPHAGOUS AB A new species of the doryctine braconid genus Allorhogas is described from Brasil. Biological studies of this species suggest that it is phytophagous on tissue of legume seeds. RP MARSH, PM (reprint author), US NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA,SYST ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 93 IS 1 BP 92 EP 95 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY226 UT WOS:A1991EY22600009 ER PT J AU NORRBOM, AL AF NORRBOM, AL TI THE SPECIES OF ANASTREPHA (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) WITH A GRANDIS-TYPE WING PATTERN SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE ANASTREPHA; GRANDIS; DESCRIPTIONS; PHYLOGENY AB A diagnostic key, illustrations, and descriptions are provided for grandis (Macquart) and the five other species of Anastrepha with similar wing patterns: atrigona Hendel, bezzii Lima (= balloui Stone, n. syn.), castilloi, n. sp., grandicula, n. sp., and shannoni Stone. Phylogenetic relationships among these species are discussed. Anastrepha bezzii is removed from the grandis species group, and bivittata (Macquart) and fumipennis Lima are tentatively included. A lectotype is designated for grandis. The egg of shannoni is briefly described. Host plant and distribution data are summarized. RP NORRBOM, AL (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM,USDA ARS,PSI,SYST ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 93 IS 1 BP 101 EP 124 PG 24 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY226 UT WOS:A1991EY22600011 ER PT J AU MENKE, AS EVENHUIS, HH AF MENKE, AS EVENHUIS, HH TI NORTH-AMERICAN CHARIPIDAE - KEY TO GENERA, NOMENCLATURE, SPECIES CHECKLISTS, AND A NEW SPECIES OF DILYTA FORSTER (HYMENOPTERA, CYNIPOIDEA) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HYMENOPTERA; CHARIPIDAE; DILYTA; ALLOXYSTINAE; CHARIPINAE AB The nomenclature of the 35 North American species of Charipidae is reviewed. The following new synonymies are proposed: Allotria ambrosiae Ashmead, 1898, Glyptoxysta necans Kieffer, 1909, Bothrioxysta numidica Kieffer, 1909, and Charips flavipes Ionescu, 1963 = Phaenoglyphis villosa (Hartig), 1841; Alloxysta vandenboschi Andrews, 1978 = Alloxysta obscurata (Hartig), 1840; Allotria tritici Fitch, 1861 and Charips areolata Kieffer, 1909 = Alloxysta victrix (Westwood), 1833. Synonymic checklists are presented for the North American species, and those in the primarily Old World genera Apocharips and Dilyta. Characters previously used to separate the Charipinae and Alloxystinae are reviewed and illustrated (several are unreliable), and an illustrated key to the five genera in the family is provided. Adelixysta Kierych, 1988 is synonymized with Alloxysta Forster, 1869. A new species, Dilyta rathmanae, is described from the state of Washington; it is the first valid North American member of the genus. D. rathmanae is a hyperparasitoid of pear psylla, and its biology is summarized. RP MENKE, AS (reprint author), US NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,SYST ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 36 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 93 IS 1 BP 136 EP 158 PG 23 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY226 UT WOS:A1991EY22600013 ER PT J AU WIRTH, WW AF WIRTH, WW TI NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN SPECIES OF FORCIPOMYIA (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH COCOA POLLINATION IN BRAZIL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE CERATOPOGONIDAE; FORCIPOMYIA; COCOA; POLLINATION AB Two new species of Forcipomyia Meigen that are common in cocoa plantations in Brazil, and are involved in cocoa pollination, are described and figured: Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) soriai Wirth and Forcipomyia (Lepidohelea) winderi Wirth. A key is given to distinguish the subgenus Forcipomyia s. str. from the closely related subgenus Lepidohelea Kieffer. Keys are also presented to distinguish the Neotropical species of the squamitibia Group of Forcipomyia s. str. which includes F. soriai, and the Neotropical species of the bicolor Group of Lepidohelea, which includes F. winderi. Information on the immature stages and biology for these and related species is summarized and the immature stages of F. (F.) pinamarensis Spinelli, also associated with cocoa, are described and figured. RP WIRTH, WW (reprint author), USDA,FLORIDA STATE COLLECT ARTHROPODS,1304 NW 94TH ST,GAINESVILLE,FL 32606, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 93 IS 1 BP 163 EP 175 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY226 UT WOS:A1991EY22600015 ER PT J AU HENDRICKSON, RM DREA, JJ ROSE, M AF HENDRICKSON, RM DREA, JJ ROSE, M TI A DISTRIBUTION AND ESTABLISHMENT PROGRAM FOR CHILOCORUS-KUWANAE (SILVESTRI) (COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE) IN THE UNITED-STATES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; COCCINELLIDAE; CHILOCORUS-KUWANAE; EUONYMUS SCALE; UNASPIS-EUONYMI; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; PREDATOR; APROSTOCETUS-NEGLECTUS; EUONYMUS PLANTS AB Chilocorus kuwanae, a coccinellid predator of euonymus scale, Unaspis euonymi (Comstock) (Homoptera: Diaspididae), was introduced from Korea (1984) and Japan (1985) into the United States. The beetle was released in 25 states in the eastern half of the country and became established in nine states (CN, DE, MA, MD, MI, NC, NJ, OH, PA) and the District of Columbia. RP HENDRICKSON, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BENEFICIAL INSECTS RES LAB,501 S CHAPEL S,NEWARK,DE 19713, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 93 IS 1 BP 197 EP 200 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY226 UT WOS:A1991EY22600019 ER PT J AU SADOWSKY, MJ CREGAN, PB GOTTFERT, M SHARMA, A GERHOLD, D RODRIGUEZQUINONES, F KEYSER, HH HENNECKE, H STACEY, G AF SADOWSKY, MJ CREGAN, PB GOTTFERT, M SHARMA, A GERHOLD, D RODRIGUEZQUINONES, F KEYSER, HH HENNECKE, H STACEY, G TI THE BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM NOLA GENE AND ITS INVOLVEMENT IN THE GENOTYPE-SPECIFIC NODULATION OF SOYBEANS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE NODULATION GENE; GENE-FOR-GENE INTERACTIONS; SYMBIOSIS; PLANT-BACTERIA INTERACTION ID COMMON NOD GENES; HOST RANGE; RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; SEROCLUSTER-123; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; PLASMID; REGIONS AB Several soybean genotypes have been identified which specifically exclude nodulation by members of Bradyrhizobium japonicum serocluster 123. We have identified and sequenced a DNA region from B. japonicum strain USDA 110 which is involved in genotype-specific nodulation of soybeans. This 2.3-kilobase region, cloned in pMJS12, allows B. japonicum serocluster 123 isolates to form nodules on plants of serogroup 123-restricting genotypes. The nodules, however, were ineffective for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The nodulation-complementing region is located approximately 590 base pairs transcriptionally downstream from nodD2. The 5' end of pMJS12 contains a putative open reading frame (ORF) of 710 base pairs, termed nolA. Transposon Tn3-HoHo mutations only within the ORF abolished nodulation complementation. The N terminus of the predicted nolA gene product has strong similarity with the N terminus of MerR, the regulator of mercury resistance genes. Translational lacZ fusion experiments indicated that nolA was moderately induced by soybean seed extract and the isoflavone genistein. Restriction fragments that hybridize to pMJS12 were detected in genomic DNAs from both nodulation-restricted and -unrestricted strains. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MICROBIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NITROGEN FIXAT & SOYBEAN GENET LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. SWISS FED INST TECHNOL,INST MIKROBIOL,CH-8092 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT MICROBIOL,CTR LEGUME RES,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. UNIV TENNESSEE,GRAD PROGRAM ECOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. UNIV HAWAII,NIFTAL PROJECT,PAIA,HI 96779. RP SADOWSKY, MJ (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,246 BORLAUG HALL,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM33494-03, GM40183-01] NR 45 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 88 IS 2 BP 637 EP 641 DI 10.1073/pnas.88.2.637 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ET521 UT WOS:A1991ET52100067 PM 1988958 ER PT J AU HAVERTY, MI PAGE, M THORNE, BL ESCOUBAS, P AF HAVERTY, MI PAGE, M THORNE, BL ESCOUBAS, P BE HAVERTY, MI WILCOX, WW TI CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS - SPECIES AND POPULATION-LEVEL DISCRIMINATION IN TERMITES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT RESEARCH ON WOOD-DESTROYING ORGANISMS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR PROTECTING WOOD IN USE SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON CURRENT RESEARCH ON WOOD-DESTROYING ORGANISMS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS ON PROTECTING WOOD IN USE CY SEP 13, 1989 CL BEND, OR SP USDA, FOREST SERV, SW RES STN RP HAVERTY, MI (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,BERKELEY,CA, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA BERKELEY J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW PY 1991 VL 128 BP 15 EP 23 PG 9 WC Entomology; Forestry SC Entomology; Forestry GA BT98X UT WOS:A1991BT98X00005 ER PT B AU WHIPPLE, DL KAPKE, PA ANDERSEN, PR AF WHIPPLE, DL KAPKE, PA ANDERSEN, PR BE Chiodini, RJ Kreeger, JM TI COMPARISON OF IDEXX DNA-PROBE TEST AND 3 CULTIVATION METHODS FOR DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS IN BOVINE FECES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PARATUBERCULOSIS: A MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR PARATUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 1991 CL ORLANDO, FL SP INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS, INC PI PROVIDENCE PA SWP 536, RI HOSPITAL, 593 EDDY STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 BN 0-9633043-0-5 PY 1991 BP 120 EP 123 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BZ66Q UT WOS:A1991BZ66Q00015 ER PT B AU WHIPPLE, DL AF WHIPPLE, DL BE Chiodini, RJ Kreeger, JM TI PREVALENCE AND ECONOMIC-IMPACT OF PARATUBERCULOSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PARATUBERCULOSIS: A MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR PARATUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 1991 CL ORLANDO, FL SP INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS, INC PI PROVIDENCE PA SWP 536, RI HOSPITAL, 593 EDDY STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 BN 0-9633043-0-5 PY 1991 BP 382 EP 389 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BZ66Q UT WOS:A1991BZ66Q00045 ER PT B AU WHIPPLE, DL AF WHIPPLE, DL BE Chiodini, RJ Kreeger, JM TI LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF PARATUBERCULOSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PARATUBERCULOSIS: A MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR PARATUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 1991 CL ORLANDO, FL SP INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS, INC PI PROVIDENCE PA SWP 536, RI HOSPITAL, 593 EDDY STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 BN 0-9633043-0-5 PY 1991 BP 523 EP 528 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Agriculture; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BZ66Q UT WOS:A1991BZ66Q00062 ER PT B AU BUTA, JG SPAULDING, DW GALLETTI, GC AF BUTA, JG SPAULDING, DW GALLETTI, GC BE GALLETTI, GC TI FT-IR INVESTIGATION OF PLANT-GROWTH REGULATOR EFFECTS ON LIGNIN CONSTITUENTS IN WHEAT STRAW SO PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSICS: PLANT REFINERY AND BREEDING, ANALYSIS, FEEDING TO HERBIVORES, AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSICS : PLANT REFINERY AND BREEDING, ANALYSIS, FEEDING TO HERBIVORES, AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS CY MAY 16-19, 1990 CL REGGIO EMILIA, ITALY SP EUROPEAN COOPERAT SCI & TECH RES, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, CNR, UNIV BOLOGNA, IST PRODUZ FORAGGERE RP BUTA, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER APPL SCI PUBL LTD PI BARKING ESSEX PA BARKING ESSEX BN 1-85166-649-4 PY 1991 BP 175 EP 181 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BU55R UT WOS:A1991BU55R00012 ER PT B AU REEVES, JB GALLETTI, GC AF REEVES, JB GALLETTI, GC BE GALLETTI, GC TI OBSERVATIONS ON LIGNIN ASSAYS - WHAT DO THEY REALLY DETERMINE SO PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSICS: PLANT REFINERY AND BREEDING, ANALYSIS, FEEDING TO HERBIVORES, AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSICS : PLANT REFINERY AND BREEDING, ANALYSIS, FEEDING TO HERBIVORES, AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS CY MAY 16-19, 1990 CL REGGIO EMILIA, ITALY SP EUROPEAN COOPERAT SCI & TECH RES, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, CNR, UNIV BOLOGNA, IST PRODUZ FORAGGERE RP REEVES, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER APPL SCI PUBL LTD PI BARKING ESSEX PA BARKING ESSEX BN 1-85166-649-4 PY 1991 BP 183 EP 198 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BU55R UT WOS:A1991BU55R00013 ER PT J AU BENFEY, TJ DONALDSON, EM JOHNSON, LA AF BENFEY, TJ DONALDSON, EM JOHNSON, LA TI INABILITY OF FLOW-CYTOMETRY TO DISTINGUISH X-CHROMOSOME-BEARING FROM Y-CHROMOSOME-BEARING SPERMATOZOA OF CHINOOK SALMON SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note ID TRIPLOID RAINBOW-TROUT; PACIFIC SALMON; SEX CONTROL; FISH; PLOIDY; SPERM AB A modified flow cytometer was used to look for differences in DNA content between X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). This system has been used successfully to make such determinations in several mammalian species, but it could neither distinguish between X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa in sperm from heterogametic males, nor between total DNA content of sperm from heterogametic and homogametic (hormonally masculinized) males. C1 FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,BIOL SCI BRANCH,W VANCOUVER LAB,W VANCOUVER V7V 1N6,BC,CANADA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 1 BP 36 EP 40 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053<0036:IOFCTD>2.3.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA FU452 UT WOS:A1991FU45200010 ER PT J AU MCKAY, RML GIBBS, SP VAUGHN, KC AF MCKAY, RML GIBBS, SP VAUGHN, KC TI RUBISCO ACTIVASE IS PRESENT IN THE PYRENOID OF GREEN-ALGAE SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; IMMUNOGOLD LOCALIZATION; CHLORELLA-PYRENOIDOSA; OXYGENASE ACTIVATION; CHLOROPLAST PROTEIN; EUGLENA-GRACILIS; 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE; CELLS AB RuBisCo activase catalyzes the activation and maintains the activated state of the photosynthetic enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo, EC 4.1.1.39). We employed antisera prepared against the RuBisCo holoenzyme purified from tobacco and RuBisCo activase isolated from spinach to determine the localization of these proteins in leaves of C3-type higher plants and green algae. In leaves of Vicia faba, both RuBisCo activase and RuBisCo are distributed throughout the chloroplast stroma. In contrast, RuBisCo activase and RuBisCo are predominantly localized to the pyrenoid in the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Coleochaete scutata. The co-immunolocalization of RuBisCo activase and RuBisCo to the pyrenoid in these two green algal species suggests that pyrenoid-localized RuBisCo is catalytically competent. We conclude that the pyrenoid functions as a unique metabolic compartment of the chloroplast in which the reactions of the photosynthetic carbon reduction pathway are initiated. C1 MCGILL UNIV,DEPT BIOL,1205 AVE DOCTEUR PENFIELD,MONTREAL H3A 1B1,QUEBEC,CANADA. USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. OI McKay, Robert/0000-0003-2723-5371 NR 39 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 1991 VL 162 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1007/BF01403899 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA FV924 UT WOS:A1991FV92400005 ER PT J AU MOLLENHAUER, HH MORRE, DJ GRIFFING, LR AF MOLLENHAUER, HH MORRE, DJ GRIFFING, LR TI POST GOLGI-APPARATUS STRUCTURES AND MEMBRANE REMOVAL IN PLANTS SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE DICTYOSOME; TRANSGOLGI NETWORK; INTRACELLULAR TRAFFIC; MEMBRANE SORTING ID PARTIALLY-COATED RETICULUM; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; PROTEIN-TRANSPORT; ROOT CAP; CELLS; ENDOCYTOSIS; CLATHRIN; VESICLES; PROTOPLASTS; CISTERNAE AB In nongrowing secretory cells of plants, large quantities of membrane are transferred from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane without a corresponding increase in cell surface area or accumulation of internal membranes. Movement and/or redistribution of membrane occurs also in trans Golgi apparatus cisternae which disappear after being sloughed from the dictyosome, and in secretory vesicles which lose much of their membrane in transit to the cell surface. These processes have been visualized in freeze-substituted com rootcap cells and a structural basis for membrane loss during trafficking is seen. It involves three forms of coated membranes associated with the trans parts of the Golgi apparatus, with cisternae and secretory vesicles, and with plasma membranes. The coated regions of the plasma membrane were predominantly located at sites of recent fusion of secretory vesicles suggesting a vesicular mechanism of membrane removal. The two other forms of coated vesicles were associated with the trans cisternae, with secretory vesicles, and with a post Golgi apparatus tubular/vesicular network not unlike the TGN of animal cells. However, the trans Golgi network in plants, unlike that in animals, appears to derive directly from the trans cisternae and then vesiculate. The magnitude of the coated membrane-mediated contribution of the endocytic pathway to the formation of the TGN in rootcap cells is unknown. Continued formation of new Golgi apparatus cisternae would be required to maintain the relatively constant form of the Golgi apparatus and TGN, as is observed during periods of active secretion. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT MED CHEM & PHARMACOGNOSY,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT BIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP MOLLENHAUER, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 1991 VL 162 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1007/BF01403901 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA FV924 UT WOS:A1991FV92400007 ER PT J AU MAGALHAES, BP WAYNE, R HUMBER, RA SHIELDS, EJ ROBERTS, DW AF MAGALHAES, BP WAYNE, R HUMBER, RA SHIELDS, EJ ROBERTS, DW TI CALCIUM-REGULATED APPRESSORIUM FORMATION OF THE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS ZOOPHTHORA-RADICANS SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM; CALMODULIN; APPRESSORIUM FORMATION; ZOOPHTHORA-RADICANS; ENTOMOPATHOGEN ID CELL PLATE FORMATION; INFECTION STRUCTURES; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; INTRACELLULAR-CALCIUM; APHANOMYCES-ASTACI; RUST FUNGI; GERMINATION; GROWTH; IONS; DIFFERENTIATION AB The fungus Zoophthora radicans (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) requires external Ca2+ for appressorium formation but not for conidial germination. The number of appressoria formed depends on the Ca2+ concentration of the medium. At low [Ca2+] (100 pM) nuclear division and germ tube growth are significantly reduced compared to higher Ca2+ concentrations (10 and 1,000-mu-M). By contrast, neither external K+ nor external Cl- is needed for germination or appressorium formation. Treatment of conidia with a Ca2+ -antagonist, Nd3+, and a Ca2+ - channel blocker, nifedipine, inhibits appressorium formation, showing that a Ca2+ influx is required for appressorium formation. Furthermore, the partial yet saturating inhibition by nifedipine and complete inhibition by Nd3+ indicates that at least two kinds of Ca2+ channels are involved in appressorium formation. A contribution of intracellular Ca2+ to the signal transduction chain for the formation of appressoria is demonstrated by the inhibitory effect of the intracellular Ca2+ antagonist TMB-8. The calmodulin antagonists R24571, TFP, W-7, and W-5 inhibit appressorium formation at concentrations which have no effect on germination. The data presented in this paper are consistent with the hypothesis that a Ca2+/calmodulin system is involved in regulating appressorium formation. However, since the direct effects of the drugs were not specifically tested on their proposed binding sites, we leave room for alternative hypotheses that have yet to be formulated. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,PLANT BIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,BOYCE THOMPSON INST PLANT RES,INSECT PATHOL RESOURCE CTR,ITHACA,NY 14853. RI Roberts, Donald/B-6649-2014 NR 46 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 1991 VL 160 IS 2-3 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1007/BF01539959 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA FC295 UT WOS:A1991FC29500005 ER PT J AU KHACHIK, F BEECHER, GR GOLI, MB LUSBY, WR AF KHACHIK, F BEECHER, GR GOLI, MB LUSBY, WR TI SEPARATION, IDENTIFICATION, AND QUANTIFICATION OF CAROTENOIDS IN FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND HUMAN PLASMA BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CAROTENOIDS CY MAY 20-25, 1990 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP FDN ADV INT SCI, INT UNION PURE & APPL CHEM, OSAKA PHARM MANUFACTURERS ASSOC, PHARM MANUFACTURERS ASSO TOKYO, HOFFMANN LA ROCHE, JAPAN WORLD EXPOSIT COMMEMORAT FUND, KOBE WOMENS COLL PHARM, SUNTORY INST BIOORGAN RES ID DIRECT DIASTEREOMERIC RESOLUTION; FATTY-ACID ESTERS; BETA-CAROTENE; INTERNAL STANDARD; VITAMIN-A; EGG-YOLK; C-45-BETA-CAROTENE; EXTRACTS; CANCER; HPLC AB Separation, identification, and quantitation by high performance liquid chromatography of prominent carotenoids and carotenol fatty acid esters in various fruits and vegetables are reviewed. Examples of transformations of carotenoids as a result of food preparation are discussed. Recent developments in separation and identification of several carotenoids in human plasma are presented. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT & NEMATODE HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KHACHIK, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Khachik, Frederick/C-5055-2009 NR 50 TC 162 Z9 164 U1 3 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 63 IS 1 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1351/pac199163010071 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ET481 UT WOS:A1991ET48100008 ER PT B AU AMACHER, MC AF AMACHER, MC BE SPARKS, DL SUAREZ, DL TI METHODS OF OBTAINING AND ANALYZING KINETIC DATA SO RATES OF SOIL CHEMICAL PROCESSES SE SSSA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON RATES OF SOIL CHEMICAL PROCESSES CY OCT 17, 1989 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER RP AMACHER, MC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,LOGAN,UT, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA MADISON BN 0-89118-795-2 J9 SSSA SPEC PUBL PY 1991 VL 27 BP 19 EP 59 PG 41 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Engineering; Geology; Agriculture GA BU58K UT WOS:A1991BU58K00002 ER PT J AU OCONNOR, GA CHANEY, RL RYAN, JA AF OCONNOR, GA CHANEY, RL RYAN, JA TI BIOAVAILABILITY TO PLANTS OF SLUDGE-BORNE TOXIC ORGANICS SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS PBBS; CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; MUNICIPAL SEWAGE-SLUDGE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; AMENDED SOILS; HEAVY-METALS; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; TRANSLOCATION; DEGRADATION C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. US EPA,RISK REDUCT ENGN LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. RP OCONNOR, GA (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & HORT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 111 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0179-5953 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 1991 VL 121 BP 129 EP 155 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA GE586 UT WOS:A1991GE58600003 ER PT J AU VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI PROGRESS AND OPPORTUNITIES IN HYDROLOGIC RESEARCH, 1987-1990 SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review RP VANGENUCHTEN, MT (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1991 VL 29 SU S BP 189 EP 192 PN 1 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FX961 UT WOS:A1991FX96100027 ER PT J AU GOODRICH, DC WOOLHISER, DA AF GOODRICH, DC WOOLHISER, DA TI CATCHMENT HYDROLOGY SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM; SMALL HYPOTHETICAL CATCHMENTS; SLOPING FORESTED WATERSHEDS; RESEARCH EROSION MODEL; STORM-RUNOFF; HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; HEADWATER STREAM; FLOOD FREQUENCY RP GOODRICH, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARIDLAND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT UNIT,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 115 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 8755-1209 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PY 1991 VL 29 SU S BP 202 EP 209 PN 1 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA FX961 UT WOS:A1991FX96100029 ER PT J AU Magnussen, S Sorensen, FC AF Magnussen, Steen Sorensen, Frank C. TI Outliers in Forest Genetics Trials: An Example of Analysis with Truncated Data SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Outliers; truncation; maximum-likelihood estimation; variance components; heritability; Pseudotsuga menziesii; multi-tree plot AB Distribution of tree height in a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) progeny trial in the Cascades (Oregon) with open-pollinated (OP) and control-pollinated (CP) progenies showed an excess of small trees, especially in OP's, compared to normal distributed data. Inbreeding and microsite heterogeneity were causal factors of the skewness in height distributions. Small trees had a disproportionate influence on variance components and heritability estimates. Data truncation of potential outliers was carried out with varying intensity in order to investigate its influence on genetic parameter estimates. Truncation was done by either fixed threshold values or by a proportional elimination of trees from below. Truncated data was analysed either directly or subsequent to a maximum-likelihood (ML) recovery of the estimated means and variances of the expected completed samples. ML estimates, became increasingly stable as truncation proceeded into the main body of data. Prior to data truncation the estimated additive variance and heritability estimates of the CP population were significantly higher than corresponding estimates for the OP population. However, ML estimates obtained after a proportional elimination of about 12% of the trees in each plot supported the contention of no important difference in additive genetic variance or heritability between OP and CP populations. C1 [Magnussen, Steen] Forestry Canada, Petawawa Natl Forestry Inst, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Sorensen, Frank C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forest Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Magnussen, S (reprint author), Forestry Canada, Petawawa Natl Forestry Inst, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0282-7581 J9 SCAND J FOREST RES JI Scand. J. Forest Res. PY 1991 VL 6 IS 1-4 BP 335 EP 352 DI 10.1080/02827589109382672 PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA V22JB UT WOS:000208270400031 ER PT J AU Solberg, B Haight, RG AF Solberg, Birger Haight, Robert G. TI Analysis of Optimal Economic Management Regimes for Picea abies Stands Using a Stage-Structured Optimal-Control Model SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE forest management; optimal harvesting; even-age management AB A stage-structured model for projecting stand growth and yield is coupled with a gradient-based algorithm to determine optimal treatment regimes for Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) plantations. The growth model forecasts the movement of trees between 3 cm diameter classes using a growth matrix that includes nonlinear equations for diameter growth. Because harvest treatments may be specified by tree diameter class, the model allows the determination of the optimal thinning timing, thinning intensity, and thinning type simultaneously with planting density and clearfelling age. The optimization model is used to determine treatment regimes with and without thinning for a wide range of values for economic and biological parameters. Results show that the optimal economic planting density is highly sensitive to interest rate, logging costs, planting costs and site class. For a given set of economic parameters, the optimal planting density is not sensitive to the number of thinnings performed or the thinning intensity. Top thinning is the optimal method for every regime in which thinning is scheduled. Results indicate that managers have great flexibility in choosing thinning schedules: few thinnings and shorter rotations give almost the same economic results as more frequent thinnings and longer rotations. Major uncertainties in these results and areas for further research are discussed. Key words: forest management, optimal harvesting, even-age management. C1 [Solberg, Birger] Agr Univ Norway, Dept Forest Econ, N-1432 As, Norway. [Haight, Robert G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, SE Forest Expt Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Solberg, B (reprint author), Agr Univ Norway, Dept Forest Econ, POB 44, N-1432 As, Norway. NR 23 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0282-7581 J9 SCAND J FOREST RES JI Scand. J. Forest Res. PY 1991 VL 6 IS 1-4 BP 559 EP 572 DI 10.1080/02827589109382692 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA V22JB UT WOS:000208270400051 ER PT J AU PERKINSVEAZIE, PM CANTLIFFE, DJ WHITE, JM AF PERKINSVEAZIE, PM CANTLIFFE, DJ WHITE, JM TI EMERGENCE OF CABBAGE SEEDLINGS UNDER TEMPERATURE STRESS USING GELS AND SOIL AMENDMENTS SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE BRASSICA-OLERACEA; CABBAGE; FLUID DRILLING; GEL SEEDING; GERMINATION STRESS; TEMPERATURE ID VEGETABLE CROPS; CRISP LETTUCE; SEED; ESTABLISHMENT; PEPPER AB Seedling emergence from germinated cultivar 'Rio Verde' cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) seeds was not suppressed when sown with water, hydroxyethyl cellulose (Natrosol) or acrylamide-potassium-acrylate (Viterra II) gels into a non-crusting medium of peat-vermiculite (Plug-mix), but was reduced when sown with magnesium silicate (Laponite), starch-acrylamide-acrylate (Liquagel) or acrylate copolymer (TerraSorb) gels, especially at 35-degrees-C. To test the efficacy of seed covers and seed treatments on seedling emergence under conditions favoring soil crusting, non-germinated and pre-germinated cabbage seeds were planted into flats of field soil. Seedling emergence of germinated seeds sown with water was not impeded by the field soil cover at 15-degrees-C, but was reduced at 35-degrees-C. Emergence from non-germinated seeds was less than that from germinated seeds sown in field soil at both 15 and 35-degrees-C, but was improved when calcined clay (GrowSorb) or Plug-mix were used as seed covers. Use of Laponite as a seed carrier with germinated seeds reduced emergence at either temperature when sown in field soil, regardless of seed cover. Mean days to emergence were reduced for all seed treatments at both temperatures when GrowSorb, vermiculite or Plug-mix were used as seed covers, compared with the field soil cover. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT VEGETABLE CROPS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. AGR RES EDUC CTR,SANFORD,FL 32771. RP PERKINSVEAZIE, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 45 IS 3-4 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1016/0304-4238(91)90062-4 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA EU038 UT WOS:A1991EU03800001 ER PT J AU SUN, XP MILLER, AN FAUST, M POTTS, W AF SUN, XP MILLER, AN FAUST, M POTTS, W TI EFFECT OF FALL ETHEPHON APPLICATION ON FLOWER DEVELOPMENT IN ITALIAN PRUNE SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE BLOOM DELAY; ETHEPHON; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; OVULE LONGEVITY; PRUNUS-DOMESTICA ID FERTILIZATION; PEACH AB Ethephon at 0 or 500 mgl-1 was applied to cultivar 'Italian' prune trees at 50% defoliation. Growth of flower buds of cultivars 'Italian' and 'Brooks' prune trees was measured during winter and early spring. Developing buds were sectioned to observe the development of the reproductive organs and vascular tissues. Ovule longevity, using fluorescence microscopy, was determined over a 2-week period after anthesis. Flower bud growth began earlier for untreated 'Italian' buds when compared with ethephon-treated buds. Terminal buds of both untreated and treated trees began growth before the first and second laterals. The growth rate did not differ between ethephon-treated and untreated flower buds of 'Italian' trees. Ethephon-treated buds had retarded pistil and vascular tissue development, in contrast to untreated 'Italian' buds. Ovule longevity in 'Brooks' during 2 weeks after anthesis was similar at the terminal and second lateral positions on a spur. Ovule longevity in 'Italian' flowers at lateral positions on spurs decreased more rapidly than in the terminal flower. Within 1 week after anthesis, 40% of second lateral flowers sampled had no viable ovules. Ethephon-treated 'Italian' trees had viable ovules in buds at all positions for the duration studied. However, at anthesis, only 1.2-1.3 ovules were viable in the flowers. Poor fruit set in 'Italian' prune trees is now also thought to be a function of the short ovule longevity of certain flowers. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,USDA ARS,STAT CONSULTING SERV,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SUN, XP (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 45 IS 3-4 BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1016/0304-4238(91)90064-6 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA EU038 UT WOS:A1991EU03800003 ER PT J AU DAVIES, FT LINDERMAN, RG AF DAVIES, FT LINDERMAN, RG TI SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS AND VA-MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON NUTRITION, GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CAPSICUM-ANNUUM-L SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Note DE GLOMUS-DESERTICOLA; NUTRITION ID NUTRIENT-UPTAKE AB Seedlings of Capsicum annuum L. cultivar 'Early Bountiful' were grown in containers of river sand inoculated or not with the VA-mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus deserticola (Trappe, Bloss & Menge). Long Ashton Nutrient Solution (LANS) were modified to supply P at 11, 22 or 44-mu-g ml-1. After 42 days, plants were evaluated for growth, development and leaf elemental content. Short term effects occurred with P and VAM treatment. Increasing P fertility enhanced fruit number, leaf area, shoot, fruit and root dry weight, and decreased leaf area ratio (LAR). VAM increased leaf area of plants fertilized with full strength LANS (44-mu-g ml-1 P). VAM generally increased leaf tissue B, but decreased Mo. Tissue K and N in VAM plants was not decreased, as it was in non-mycorrhizal plants with increasing P fertility. Increasing P fertility generally decreased tissue Cu and Zn and increased P levels. Mycorrhizal colonization (% root length) and spores recovered per unit of soil were greater with plants fertilized with 11 than 44-mu-g ml-1 P levels. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROP RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP DAVIES, FT (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT HORT SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 45 IS 3-4 BP 333 EP 338 DI 10.1016/0304-4238(91)90079-E PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA EU038 UT WOS:A1991EU03800018 ER PT J AU FAIRBROTHER, TE AF FAIRBROTHER, TE TI EFFECT OF FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES AND HUMIDITY ON THE SOFTENING RATE OF HARD SEED OF SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM-SUBTERRANEUM L) SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB To determine the effect of relative humidity on the softening rate of hard seed of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), seeds were subjected to constant temperature of 20-degrees-c or fluctuating temperatures of 60/15-degrees-C in an atmosphere of low (0%) or high (77.6% to 74.1%) relative humidity. Humidity had no effect on the softening rate of hard seed under constant temperature conditions. High humidity increased the softening rate of hard seed compared to 0% humidity under fluctuating temperatures. In another experiment, hard seeds of subterranean clover were subjected to constant or fluctuating temperature conditions and an atmosphere of butanol, ethanol, n-butylamine or a no solvent control. Butylamine increased the softening rate of hard seed at the constant temperature. Fluctuating temperatures increased the softening rate of hard seed with all solvent treatments. The order of softening rate among the solvents was butanol < ethanol < butylamine. The correlation between the relative swelling ability of the three solvents with mean percentage hard seed after exposure to fluctuating temperatures for 56 days was - 99.7 (P < 0.01). Results were interpreted to mean that fluctuating temperatures cause changes in the adsorption of water to cell wall fibres in the seed coat. Changes in adsorption of water cause the cell wall fibres to shrink and swell and result in the rupture of the strophiole. The increased softening rate of hard seed may make long term persistence more difficult to achieve in the humid subtropical environment of the southeastern USA than in dry subtropical environments. RP FAIRBROTHER, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,FORAGE UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISTA PI ZURICH PA RECKENHOLZ PO BOX 412, CH-8046 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 1991 VL 19 IS 1 BP 93 EP 105 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FT471 UT WOS:A1991FT47100011 ER PT J AU BENNETT, JH SAJID, GM CHATTERTON, NJ ASAY, KH AF BENNETT, JH SAJID, GM CHATTERTON, NJ ASAY, KH TI ELECTROPHORETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF QUACKGRASS-BY BLUEBUNCH WHEATGRASS HYBRID SEED SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Seed protein banding patterns were determined for quackgrass [Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski] and a promising quackgrass x bluebunch wheatgrass [Pseudoroegnaria spicata (Pursh) Love] hybrid developed in USDA plant hybridization trials. Native seed gliadins and denatured SDS-proteins extracted by two (saline vs nonionic detergent) extraction protocols were profiled. Seed gliadins were particularly useful for characterizing the seed source. Hybrid seed harvested in 1983 and 1987 from perennial plantings gave identical protein fingerprint patterns showing stability of the protein profiles for seed collected in different years. RP BENNETT, JH (reprint author), USDA,ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISTA PI ZURICH PA RECKENHOLZ PO BOX 412, CH-8046 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 1991 VL 19 IS 2 BP 355 EP 362 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GA951 UT WOS:A1991GA95100018 ER PT J AU SPRINGER, TL AF SPRINGER, TL TI CARYOPSIS SIZE AND GERMINATION OF ANDROPOGON-GERARDII PEDICELLATE AND SESSILE SPIKELETS SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Germination of big bluestem, Andropogon gerardii Vitman, is influenced by spikelet type (pedicellate vs sessile), seed form (caryopses vs intact spikelets), and caryopsis size. Sessile intact spikelets had higher actual germination compared with pedicellate intact spikelets, but their total potential germination (21-day actual germination plus firm seed) was not significantly different. In two of the three years studied, sessile spikelet caryopses had greater actual and total potential germination. Caryopses germinated better than intact spikelets, and a positive correlation existed between caryopsis size and germination. Significantly longer seed dormancy was observed for intact spikelets which could be broken by removing the glumes, lemmas, and paleae from around the caryopses. Seedlings of sessile spikelet caryopses had longer shoots than seedlings of pedicellate spikelet caryopses, and a positive correlation existed between caryopsis size and seedling root and shoot lengths. RP SPRINGER, TL (reprint author), USDA,ARS,RT 2,BOX 144-A,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISTA PI ZURICH PA RECKENHOLZ PO BOX 412, CH-8046 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 1991 VL 19 IS 2 BP 461 EP 468 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GA951 UT WOS:A1991GA95100030 ER PT J AU MOZERSKY, SM FARRELL, HM BARFORD, RA AF MOZERSKY, SM FARRELL, HM BARFORD, RA TI EVALUATION BY SEDIMENTATION FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION OF THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF NONFAT DRY MILK-PROTEINS TO AGGREGATION SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The proteins isolated from nonfat dry milk (NDM) which had been prepared with a high-temperature treatment (85-degrees-C for 30 min) were shown by sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SdFFF) to be highly susceptible to aggregation, with the formation of particles much larger than typical casein micelles (in addition to some micelles). The proteins of medium- and low-temperature NDMs, especially the latter, were less susceptible to such aggregation; caseins isolated from untreated milk do not aggregate under the same experimental conditions. The demonstration of such differences in susceptibility requires careful choice of SdFFF operation parameters, especially initial field strength and sample protein concentration, and the use of a second carrier to disperse or dissolve the aggregates and elute the redissolved protein from the separation chamber. Suitable operation parameters are provided. RP MOZERSKY, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 1991 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1467 EP 1479 DI 10.1080/01496399108050544 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA GX278 UT WOS:A1991GX27800002 ER PT J AU WELLS, OO SWITZER, GL SCHMIDTLING, RC AF WELLS, OO SWITZER, GL SCHMIDTLING, RC TI GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION IN MISSISSIPPI LOBLOLLY-PINE AND SWEETGUM SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE GENECOLOGY; PROVENANCE-PROGENY TEST; CLINAL PATTERNS; SYMPATRIC SPECIES; PINUS-TAEDA L; LIQUIDAMBAR-STYRACIFLUA L; CLIMATIC VARIABLES AB Seed was collected along latitudinal transects from 575 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and 650 sweetgum trees (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) distributed throughout Mississippi and adjacent parts of neighboring states. Progenies were compared on the basis of various morphological and phenological traits both in the nursery and after 10 years in plantings in the southern, central, and northern parts of the study area. Patterns of variation are presented graphically on a series of maps. Variation in both species has apparently evolved in response to the selection forces exerted by latitude-related (climatic) variables. Both species, however, show longitude-related variation in several traits which can be explained by assuming that both species were isolated into eastern and western populations during the Pleistocene. C1 US FOREST SERV,GENET SO PINES,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 2008 GMF,GULFPORT,MS 39505. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, W-6000 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 1991 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 105 EP 119 PG 15 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA GN238 UT WOS:A1991GN23800004 ER PT J AU BOLSTAD, SB KANG, H GURIES, RP MARTY, TL AF BOLSTAD, SB KANG, H GURIES, RP MARTY, TL TI PERFORMANCE OF INTERPROVENANCE AND INTRAPROVENANCE CROSSES OF JACK PINE IN CENTRAL WISCONSIN SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE JACK PINE; PINUS-BANKSIANA; INTERPROVENANCE HYBRIDS; HETEROSIS ID PROVENANCE; GROWTH AB Inter- and intraprovenance crosses of jack pine (Pinus banksiana LAMB.) from six provenances across the natural range were planted in central Wisconsin and evaluated at age nine for height and pine-oak gall rust caused by Cronartium quercum. Survival was greater than 88% for all inter- and intraprovenance combinations except the intraprovenance cross from Big River, Saskatchewan (77% survival). Interprovenance hybrids showed no increased resistance to pine-oak gall rust infection. Trees representing provenances from Fife Lake, Michigan, and Petawawa Plains, Ontario, had higher rates of rust infection than trees representing other provenances. Trees representing provenances far from the planting site: Durell Island (Nova Scotia), Fort Smith (Northwest Territories), Big River (Saskatchewan); were shorter than provenances from the Lake States region: Mosinee (Wisconsin), Fife Lake (Michigan), Petawawa Plains (Ontario). Interprovenance hybrids had heights similar to the respective midparent values. No evidence of heterosis was found, suggesting that directional dominance in gene action is lacking. Variance component analysis revealed some large provenance effects but little or no family effect. The lack of family effect found is likely due to the mating design being insufficient to detect family differences. Interprovenance hybridization may be a useful technique for broadening the genetic base to increase population size, but heterosis is uncommon and adaptability imposes limits on the extent to which distant provenances can be used without sacrificing yield. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. BUR FORESTRY,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,MADISON,WI 53707. RP BOLSTAD, SB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPTL STN,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, W-6000 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 1991 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 124 EP 130 PG 7 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA GN238 UT WOS:A1991GN23800006 ER PT J AU EWERT, AW AF EWERT, AW TI OUTDOOR RECREATION AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE - RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS FOR BEHAVIORS, PLANNING, AND MANAGEMENT SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE; GLOBAL CHANGE; OUTDOOR RECREATION ID LEISURE AB Global climate change is of great concern for a substantial portion of the earth's population. A growing body of evidence suggests that global climate changes will affect future outdoor recreation opportunities and patterns of behavior. These changes will influence both the site and the user of the outdoor environment. This paper provides an overview of how global climate changes may affect outdoor recreation and potential strategies for dealing with these changes. RP EWERT, AW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,14TH & INDEPENDENCE AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 1991 VL 4 IS 4 BP 365 EP 377 DI 10.1080/08941929109380767 PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA GX070 UT WOS:A1991GX07000005 ER PT J AU HAVERTY, MI NUTTING, WL AF HAVERTY, MI NUTTING, WL TI LAFAGE,JEFFERY,PAUL 1945-1989 SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Item About an Individual RP HAVERTY, MI (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 1991 VL 19 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GD342 UT WOS:A1991GD34200002 ER PT J AU HAVERTY, MI NELSON, LJ PAGE, M AF HAVERTY, MI NELSON, LJ PAGE, M TI PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS OF THE CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS FROM NORTH-AMERICAN RETICULITERMES AND TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL COPTOTERMES (ISOPTERA, RHINOTERMITIDAE) FOR CHEMOTAXONOMIC STUDIES SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We collected Reticulitermes from Oregon, California, and Arizona, areas suspected to have only R. hesperus or R. tibialis and from areas where these two species are thought to be sympatric. We characterized four distinct cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes. The two phenotypes from California are more similar to one another than to the two types found in Arizona. Samples of "R. tibialis" from distant locations in Arizona have profiles which are extremely different from "R. hesperus" and "R. tibialis" from California; one phenotype was found from Oregon to southeastern Arizona. These results imply that there are at least 3 species of Reticulitermes in western North America when only two are currently recognized. The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, in the United States shows no qualitative differences among geographically distant populations; quantitative differences in hydrocarbon components separate them into different relative concentration profiles. Our results suggest that C. formosanus colonies from Florida and Louisiana are not closely related to those from Hawaii. We strongly suspect that C. formosanus was introduced into Louisiana at least twice. Hydrocarbon profiles of C. formosanus from North America and Hawaii are different from samples of other Coptotermes species collected from northern Australia, Southeast Asia and the Caribbean. Hydrocarbon profiles in Coptotermes appear to be species-specific. These preliminary data suggest that cuticular hydrocarbons would be extremely useful for initially sorting specimens to search for diagnostic morphological characters within Reticulitermes and Coptotermes. RP HAVERTY, MI (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 1991 VL 19 IS 1 BP 51 EP 76 PG 26 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GD342 UT WOS:A1991GD34200007 ER PT J AU JONES, SC AF JONES, SC TI FIELD-EVALUATION OF BORON AS A BAIT TOXICANT FOR CONTROL OF HETEROTERMES-AUREUS (ISOPTERA, RHINOTERMITIDAE) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Laboratory and field studies indicate that disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (TIM-BOR(R)) shows potential as a bait toxicant against a southwestern desert subterranean termite, Heterotermes aureus (Snyder). In laboratory no-choice and choice tests, termites fed on wood treated at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 1.4%, which resulted in many that were ataxic, moribund, or dead after 2-weeks' exposure, particularly at the moderate to high concentrations. On the basis of these tests, a 1.0% concentration initially was selected for field evaluation at the Santa Rita Experimental Range, ca. 40km south of Tucson, Arizona. Treated corrugated-paper baits were placed within the previously determined territorial boundaries of a colony that contained ca. 280,000 foragers. After 6-months' field exposure, termites had fed only slightly on 1.0%-treated baits, which suggested antifeedant properties. However, when the TIM-BOR(R) concentration subsequently was reduced to 0.5%, termites accepted treated baits as a food source. Chemical analyses revealed that termites from the treated territory contained more boron than did termites from control territories. A mark-release-recapture technique repeated at ca. 6-month intervals over a 2-year period, suggested that the number of termites in the treated colony was greatly reduced after exposure to the borate. After an initial decline to ca. 90,000 foragers during the first 6 months, subsequent recapture attempts produced so few dyed termites that reliable estimates of the number of foragers could not be made. The recapture of dyed termites and studies of agonistic behavior indicated that termites had not emigrated from the treated area, although members of a nearby H. aureus colony had immigrated into the treated area and fed on the baits. RP JONES, SC (reprint author), SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 2008 GMF,GULFPORT,MS 39505, USA. NR 0 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 1991 VL 19 IS 1 BP 187 EP 209 PG 23 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GD342 UT WOS:A1991GD34200015 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, MJ AF WILLIAMS, MJ TI PRODUCTIVITY AND NUTRITIVE-VALUE OF CYNODON SPP IN NORTHCENTRAL FLORIDA SO SOIL AND CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF FLORIDA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article AB Persistence, productivity, and nutritive value [crude protein (CP) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD)] of 'Florona' and 'Florico' stargrasses (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis) and the bermudagrass [C. dactylon (L.) Pers.] 'Tifton 78' and 35-3, an experimental 'Callie' hybrid, were determined at the USDA, ARS, Subtropical Agricultural Research Station, Brooksville, FL, located in the transition zone between stargrass and bermudagrass adaptation. Establishment survival differed (P < 0.05) between grasses, ranging from 52 to 99%, and may have reflected previous management of the planting material. There was no difference in winter survival during the establishment year. Average dry matter (DM) yield differed (P < 0.05) between species, but not among selections within species. The bermudagrass selections [6.0 T A-1 (13.4 Mg ha-1)] produced approximately 30% more DM than the stargrass selections [4.6 T A-1 (10.3 Mg ha-1)]. Digestibility varied (P < 0.05) between grasses and across harvest dates with the stargrasses [48.5-62.7% (485-627 g kg-1) IVOMD] equal or better than the bermudagrasses [46.8-57.8% (468-578 g kg-1) IVOMD] at all harvest dates. Florona [9.5-13.3% (95-133 g kg-1)] had the highest CP at all harvest dates [Florico, 6.9-12.3% (69-123 g kg-1); 35.3, 6.9-12.2% (69-122 g kg-1); Tifton 78, 6.9-12.0% (69-120 g kg-1)]. Stand ratings were variable the spring after the clipping trial and did not differ (P > 0.05), but were lowest for the stargrasses (35, 57, 67, and 80% for Florico, Florona, Tifton 78, and 35-3, respectively). RP WILLIAMS, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,POB 46,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34605, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL CROP SCI FLORIDA PI GAINESVILLE PA IFAS UNIV FLORIDA 304 NEWELL HALL, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 SN 0096-4522 J9 SOIL CROP SCI SOC FL JI Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. PY 1991 VL 50 BP 55 EP 58 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GD406 UT WOS:A1991GD40600017 ER PT J AU BURGOA, B BOTTCHER, AB MANSELL, RS ALLEN, LH AF BURGOA, B BOTTCHER, AB MANSELL, RS ALLEN, LH TI DISTRIBUTIONS OF RESIDUAL SOIL-PHOSPHORUS ALONG TRANSECTS FOR 3 DAIRIES IN OKEECHOBEE COUNTY, FLORIDA SO SOIL AND CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF FLORIDA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article AB Animal waste from high-cattle density areas around dairy barns on flat, sandy, high water table Spodosols of southern Florida contribute large streamflow inputs of P into Lake Okeechobee. The objectives were to determine P content and retention capacity of these soils along cattle-use intensity transects from barns to water-courses, and the relationship between P content and soil buffer capacity. Three dairies in the Lake Okeechobee Basin of Florida, were chosen for this research. Soil samples were also collected at a native (natural vegetation) area, in the same watershed, for comparison. Soil samples were collected, at depths ranging from the surface horizon (0-0.2 m) to 2 or 3 m. For all three extractable forms of P (water, Melich I and total extractable), concentrations observed in areas near the milking barn and near the creek exceeded those in the native areas. However, no spatial trends in concentration were found along the transects. Highest P concentrations were observed in the A and E surface horizons which had small buffer capacities for P sorption. Phosphorus was possibly accumulated in a precipitated form in the A and E horizons. High and variable P-buffer capacity was observed for the subsurface Bh and C horizons. No relationship was observed between sorption-buffer capacity and the three forms of extractable P. C1 USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL CROP SCI FLORIDA PI GAINESVILLE PA IFAS UNIV FLORIDA 304 NEWELL HALL, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 SN 0096-4522 J9 SOIL CROP SCI SOC FL JI Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. PY 1991 VL 50 BP 137 EP 144 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GD406 UT WOS:A1991GD40600034 ER PT J AU ELAZIZ, R ANGLE, JS CHANEY, RL AF ELAZIZ, R ANGLE, JS CHANEY, RL TI METAL TOLERANCE OF RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI ISOLATED FROM HEAVY-METAL CONTAMINATED SOILS SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; TRIFOLIUM-REPENS; CADMIUM; CLOVER; ZINC; RESISTANCE; JAPONICUM AB Soil populations of rhizobia have been reported to resond to the presence of high concentrations of heavy metals by the acquisition of tolerance to specific metals. To examine this possibility, alfalfa plants (Medicago sativa) were collected from soils containing low to very high concentrations of the metals, Cd and Zn. The source of the metals was a Zn smelter in operation for nearly 100 yr. Fifty isolates of Rhizobium meliloti were collected and purified from each soil. All isolates, regardless of their origin, were capable of growing on media containing very high concentrations of the heavy metals, Zn, Cu, Ni and Cd. For example, R. meliloti isolated from soil with extractable [10 mM Ca(NO3)2] Zn and Cd concentrations of 0.025 and 0.003-mu-g g-1 were tolerant of medium concentrations of 162-mu-g Zn g-1 and 22-mu-g Cd g-1, respectively. There was no correlation between extractable soil metal concentrations and the ability of the isolates to tolerate metal salts in their growth medium. In fact, the greatest number of metal-tolerant rhizobia were isolated from soil containing the lowest metal concentration. These results indicate that the intrinsic level of metal tolerance of R. meliloti is much higher than metal activities in soil, even highly contaminated soils. This intrinsic level of metal tolerance probably explains the lack of metal response by rhizobia collected from these soils. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PY 1991 VL 23 IS 8 BP 795 EP 798 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(91)90151-9 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GF254 UT WOS:A1991GF25400013 ER PT J AU HARRIS, MM RIHA, SJ AF HARRIS, MM RIHA, SJ TI CARBON AND NITROGEN DYNAMICS IN FOREST FLOOR DURING SHORT-TERM LABORATORY INCUBATIONS SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MIXED DECIDUOUS FOREST; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; ORGANIC-MATTER; MINERALIZATION; NITRIFICATION; PINE; NITRATE; SPRUCE; SOILS; RATES AB The supply of N to forest trees depends on seasonal patterns of N turnover. This study was conducted to examine factors that control organic matter decomposition and the relationship between organic matter decomposition and the release of mineral N. Samples of forest floor (organic soil horizons) from plantations of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.,), Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.], sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) were collected periodically from May 1987 to December 1988. Samples were incubated in the laboratory for 20 days at 23-degrees-C. Carbon dioxide evolution was measured every 5 days and used to estimate potentially mineralizable carbon, C(o), and decay rate constants, k. Ammonium-N and NO3--N were measured at the beginning and end of incubation for eight sample periods to assess the effects of litter species and season (time of sampling) on N turnover. Forest floor from under the maple stand generally had the largest amount of evolved CO2, and forest floor from under all stands had relatively large evolution of CO2 from July to October 1988, following an unexpected, drought-induced litterfall. An exponential decay model and a logistic model were developed from the CO2 data and were used to predict C(o) and k, but there did not appear to be a predictable difference in these parameters related to species and season. There were no significant (P < 0.10) correlations between evolved CO2 and net N mineralized in forest floor samples except for three locust samples. Net N mineralization was greatest in forest floor from under the maple, and occurred in all forest floor samples except in all of those collected in September 1988, when N was immobilized. Potential N availability to trees to be significantly influenced by factors other than decomposition rates. High net nitrification in June and October 1988 suggested a potential for loss of N from the soil-plant system. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGRON,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP HARRIS, MM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,POB 640,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PY 1991 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1035 EP 1041 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(91)90040-Q PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GU734 UT WOS:A1991GU73400005 ER PT J AU REDDY, GB REINERT, RA EASON, G AF REDDY, GB REINERT, RA EASON, G TI ENZYMATIC CHANGES IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF LOBLOLLY-PINE EXPOSED TO OZONE AND ACID-RAIN SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOIL MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; FOREST DECLINE; EUROPE; PRECIPITATION; FAMILIES; GROWTH; TAEDA AB The effects of ozone (O3) and simulated acidic rain (SAR) on the activity of selected soil enzymes in the rhizosphere of loblolly pine were evaluated. The seedlings (Family 24.4) were exposed to 0, 80, 160, 240, or 320 nl O3 l-1 at SAR pH treatments of 5.3, 4.3, or 3.3 for 11 weeks. Dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activities were linearly (P = 0.01) inhibited by increasing acidity. The influence of O3 and pH on changes of soil dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activity were independent of each other. Changes in arylsulfatase activity were dependent on the specific combination of SAR pH and the O3 concentration. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,AIR QUAL PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP REDDY, GB (reprint author), N CAROLINA AGR & TECHNOL STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI & TECHNOL,GREENSBORO,NC 27411, USA. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PY 1991 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1115 EP 1119 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(91)90022-C PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GW656 UT WOS:A1991GW65600003 ER PT J AU COOK, RJ HAGLUND, WA AF COOK, RJ HAGLUND, WA TI WHEAT YIELD DEPRESSION ASSOCIATED WITH CONSERVATION TILLAGE CAUSED BY ROOT PATHOGENS IN THE SOIL NOT PHYTOTOXINS FROM THE STRAW SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC NORTHWEST; PLANT RESIDUES; ACETIC-ACID; BARE PATCH; PYTHIUM; GROWTH; ROT; GERMINATION AB Wheat planted directly into soil mulched with straw of a previous wheat crop (mulch or conservation tillage) typically grows and yields poorly relative to that planted into a prepared seedbed with straw residue burned or buried (clean tillage). This injurious effect associated with straw mulches has been greatest in the higher-rainfall wheat-growing areas, or in wet years in normally dry areas. Researchers have focused for the past 30 yr on putative phytotoxins thought to be liberated during microbial colonization or breakdown of the straw on or near the soil surface when wet. The results of experiments reported herein indicate that the causal microorganisms are in the soil and not the straw as would be required if phytotoxic straw decomposition products were important. The injury in these experiments resulted from at least three root diseases, all favored by the lack of crop rotation. The three root diseases were take-all caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Rhizoctonia root rot caused mainly by Rhizoctonia solani AG8, and Pythium root rot caused by several Pythium spp. The effect of straw on, or mulched into, the soil surface possibly amounts to no more than helping to keep the top 10-15 cm of soil, the zone occupied by the root pathogens, more ideally moist for their activity. The results suggest that conservation tillage is feasible for wheat in the higher rainfall areas when used in combination with a break from wheat. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,NW WASHINGTON RES & EXTENS UNIT,MT VERNON,WA 98273. RP COOK, RJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ROOT DIS & BIOL CONTROL RES UNIT,367 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 42 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PY 1991 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1125 EP 1132 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(91)90024-E PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GW656 UT WOS:A1991GW65600005 ER PT J AU AULAKH, MS DORAN, JW WALTERS, DT POWER, JF AF AULAKH, MS DORAN, JW WALTERS, DT POWER, JF TI LEGUME RESIDUE AND SOIL-WATER EFFECTS ON DENITRIFICATION IN SOILS OF DIFFERENT TEXTURES SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE AB Legume cover crops commonly used to supply additional N and reduce potential for over-winter N leaching losses may also influence denitrification depending upon soil water status and soil type. Interrelationships between incorporated hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) residue and soil water status on denitrification in coarse, medium and fine textured soils were investigated in the laboratory. Repacked soil cores were incubated, 10, 20 and 30 d with and without acetylene (C2H2). Denitrification losses were 20-200-mu-g N kg-1 from each soil when 60% of the soil pore space was filled with water and increased to from 14.0 to 18.6 mg N kg-1 at 90% water-filled-pore space (WFPS). Incorporation of vetch residue (2.5 g kg-1) greatly stimulated denitrification (51.1-99.5 mg N kg-1), probably due to greater availability of organic C as indicated by higher CO, emissions. The major denitrification losses occurred during the first 10 days and more so in residue-amended soils. The supply of C from incorporated legume crop residue was a major factor influencing denitrification especially when soil wetness restricted aeration and adequate nitrate was present. At similar water contents, rates of denitrification differed greatly in soils of varying texture, but when varying water holding capacity and bulk density were accounted for using WFPS, all soils behaved very similarly. Use of WFPS as an ind" of aeration status enabled identification that differences in denitrification losses in vetch-amended soils of varying texture resulted in part from varying capacity to supply NO3- and metabolize organic matter. These results illustrate the utility of WFPS, compared with soil water content, and its reliability as an indicator of reduced aeration dependent denitrification for soils of varying texture. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,119 KEIM HALL,E CAMPUS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 31 TC 69 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PY 1991 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1161 EP 1167 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(91)90029-J PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA GW656 UT WOS:A1991GW65600010 ER PT J AU SIMONSON, RW AF SIMONSON, RW TI SOIL SCIENCE - GOALS FOR THE NEXT 75 YEARS SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Proposing long-time goals for soil science entails an article of faith, namely, that improvements are both possible and feasible over the long haul. On that basis four goals are proposed as major ones for the coming decades. First, more of the basis principles that underlie the multitude of processes operating in soils must be identified; to that end, a shift will be needed in the current emphasis in soil research: less effort should go into empirical studies. Second, soil scientists must do better than they have to gain the standing in the scientific community as a whole that their subject matter warrants; soil scientists do not have such standing now. Third, more effective links should be forged with professionals in other disciplines whose work depends much or little on soils but who are outside of agriculture; some such links have been developed in the past, but more are needed to make soil science most useful to the public at large. Fourth, the public image of soil needs to be made more accurate. Commonplace as soils are, they are largely taken for granted with little or no appreciation of the complexity of processes operating in the systems. The limited understanding in turn limits possible applications of soil science that would be useful. RP SIMONSON, RW (reprint author), USDA,COLLEGE PK,MD, USA. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 151 IS 1 BP 7 EP 18 DI 10.1097/00010694-199101000-00003 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA EV841 UT WOS:A1991EV84100002 ER PT J AU MENZEL, RG AF MENZEL, RG TI SOIL SCIENCE - THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGE SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON AB Soil Scientists today are concerned with the effects of soil management on the total environment. Land use, type of tillage, irrigation practices, and application of pesticides and fertilizers can have far-reaching effects on soil and water quality and the content of "greenhouse" gases in the atmosphere. The need for research on these effects has not lessened the importance of continued research to maintain the capacity of soils for producing food and fiber. Soils must be protected against degradation by erosion, salinity, depletion of fertility, or accumulation of contaminants from various sources. Maintaining the quality of our soil, water, and air resources to meet the requirements of future generations constitutes the environmental challenge to soil scientists. RP MENZEL, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 151 IS 1 BP 24 EP 29 DI 10.1097/00010694-199101000-00005 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA EV841 UT WOS:A1991EV84100004 ER PT J AU SCHUMAN, GE BELDEN, SE AF SCHUMAN, GE BELDEN, SE TI DECOMPOSITION OF WOOD-RESIDUE AMENDMENTS IN REVEGETATED BENTONITE MINE SPOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL BIOTA; FERTILIZER AMENDMENT; ORGANIC AMENDMENTS; RESPONSES; LITTER; CELLULOSE AB Restoration of decomposition processes in revegetated mine spoils is important in ensuring the long-term success of their reclamation. This study was conducted to determine the decomposition of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws) wood residue amendments in a revegetated saline-sodic bentonite mine spoil. A buried-litter-bag technique was used to assess the effect of wood-residue amendment and N-fertilizer rates on the decomposition of wood residue in revegetated bentonite spoils. Decomposition differed significantly between years and averaged 8.8, 10.4, 16.1, and 25.3% after 1, 2, 3, and 5 yr, respectfully, across all wood-residue treatments. Decomposition increased significantly as N-fertilizer rates increased, averaging 10.6, 14.3, 18.8, and 20.8% over 5 yr for the 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 kg N Mg-1 of wood residue treatments, respectively. Wood-residue amendment rate did not significantly influence decomposition, even though it significantly increased spoil water content. Decomposition processes appear to be proceeding despite the unfavorable physical and chemical characteristics of the spoil and should ensure the reclamation success of these disturbed ecosystems. C1 N ANTELOPE COAL CO,GILETTE,WY 82717. RP SCHUMAN, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HIGH PLAINS GRASSLANDS RES STN,8408 HILDRETH RD,CHEYENNE,WY 82009, USA. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 55 IS 1 BP 76 EP 80 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FA732 UT WOS:A1991FA73200013 ER PT J AU RASMUSSEN, PE ROHDE, CR AF RASMUSSEN, PE ROHDE, CR TI TILLAGE, SOIL DEPTH, AND PRECIPITATION EFFECTS ON WHEAT RESPONSE TO NITROGEN SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRYLAND WINTER-WHEAT; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; WATER USE; FERTILIZATION; FALLOW AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) response to N in semiarid climates is highly influenced by precipitation and tillage, leading to inefficient use of fertilizer and greater potential for groundwater contamination. To improve fertilizer recommendations, we measured white winter wheat response to 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg N ha-1 for 10 crops grown in a wheat-fallow rotation with three tillage treatments, one conventional (moldboard plow) and two stubble-mulch (offset disk, subsurface sweep). The soil was a Walla Walla silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Haploxeroll) with three depths to bedrock (208, 132, and 111 cm). Grain yield averaged 5.51, 4.07, and 3.55 Mg ha-1 with above- (147), near- (88), and below-normal (61 mm) growing-season precipitation (GSP). Nitrogen increased yield 3.0, 1.9, and 0.4 Mg ha-1 in these precipitation regimes. Grain yield was not affected by soil depth when GSP was above normal, but 10 to 20% less on the shallower soils when GSP was below normal. There was a trend towards higher yield with conventional tillage when GSP was above normal. The amount of applied N required for optimum yield was > 135 kg N ha-1 with above-normal GSP and < 45 kg N ha-1 with below-normal GSP. Excess N decreased grain yield when GSP was near normal, but not when above or below. Applied N increased straw yield curvilinearly, with little influence of tillage or soil depth. Straw/grain ratio averaged 1.53 and 1.70 on the 208- and 111-cm soils, respectively. Nitrogen uptake tended to be greater in conventional than in stubble-mulch tillage, and was not affected by soil depth. Grain protein exceeded the desirable level for white wheat only when applied-N was above that needed for optimum yield. Precise selection of the amount of N to apply each year was difficult because of the strong influence of GSP on yield and the need to apply N before GSP is known. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,PENDLETON,OR 97801. RP RASMUSSEN, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 55 IS 1 BP 121 EP 124 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FA732 UT WOS:A1991FA73200021 ER PT J AU BRONSON, KF TOUCHTON, JT HAUCK, RD KELLEY, KR AF BRONSON, KF TOUCHTON, JT HAUCK, RD KELLEY, KR TI N-15 RECOVERY IN WINTER-WHEAT AS AFFECTED BY APPLICATION TIMING AND DICYANDIAMIDE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITRIFICATION INHIBITOR; FERTILIZER NITROGEN; SOIL; IMMOBILIZATION; AMMONIUM; LOSSES; GROWTH; N-15; FATE AB Nitrification inhibitor amendment to fall-applied N for winter wheat may reduce denitrification and leaching losses of N by maintaining N in ammoniacal form. A field study on a Norfolk loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudult) compared fall application of N-15-labeled urea with and without dicyandiamide (DCD) and split urea application in fall and spring. Grain yield (mean 4.26 Mg ha-1) increased with N rate (67, 101, and 134 kg N ha-1), but was not affected by DCD or time of N application. Recovery of N-15 in wheat the first year (mean 53%) was not affected by DCD or time of N application. Immobilization of N-15 was 21, 20, and 15% with the fall N plus DCD, split-applied N, and fall N treatments, respectively. Nitrogen-15 leached at harvest was less with fall N plus DCD or split-applied N than with fall N only. Denitrification estimates, calculated as N-15 not accounted for, were not affected by DCD or timing of N. In the second year, 101 kg N ha-1 of unlabeled urea was split applied across the entire experiment. Grain yields averaged 2.07 Mg ha-1 and were not affected by N rate, DCD, or timing of N application from the previous year. Percent recovery of N-15 averaged 1.0 and 0.9% in the grain and straw, respectively, or about 10% of the N-15 immobilized the year before. Recovery of N-15 in the second year was significantly higher in the straw and roots following split-applied N or fall N plus DCD, compared with following fall N alone. This suggests that nitrification inhibitors can affect N uptake of a second-year crop by enhancing biological immobilization of fertilizer N. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP BRONSON, KF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO PLAINS AREA,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 31 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 55 IS 1 BP 130 EP 135 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FA732 UT WOS:A1991FA73200023 ER PT J AU FREEBAIRN, DM GUPTA, SC RAWLS, WJ AF FREEBAIRN, DM GUPTA, SC RAWLS, WJ TI INFLUENCE OF AGGREGATE SIZE AND MICRORELIEF ON DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACE SOIL CRUSTS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPLASH DETACHMENT; INFILTRATION; STABILITY; RUNOFF; MODEL AB The rate of water entry during rainfall has implications for crop agronomy, erosion, and groundwater recharge. This study investigated the influences of aggregate size, microrelief and rainfall intensity on development of surface crusts and infiltration. Infiltration rate and hydraulic resistance of developing crusts on two soils under various surface conditions and simulated rainfall were measured. The two soils were Webster clay loam (fine loamy, mixed mesic Typic Haplaquoll) and Port Byron silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll). Aggregates with sizes of < 1, < 2, 1 to 2, 2 to 5, 5 to 19, 19 to 25, and 25 to 50 mm were studied. Final or steady-state infiltration rates were similar for all aggregate sizes of both soil types, but development of a soil crust was delayed when the surface was made up of aggregates > 19 mm in diameter. Large aggregates (clods) were a source of finer materials for the development of soil crusts. Microrelief effects were simulated by creating a ridge-furrow configuration in a box. Ridge-furrow microrelief did not influence total infiltration and was only effective in modifying the spatial distribution of water in the soil during the early phase of crust development. Infiltration rates, when measured using different rainfall intensities, could be described by a single curve when expressed as a function of cumulative rainfall rather than time. Total rainfall or rainfall energy may be better parameters for describing soil crust development than rainfall intensity. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP FREEBAIRN, DM (reprint author), QUEENSLAND WHEAT RES INST,POB 2282,TOOWOOMBA,QLD 4350,AUSTRALIA. NR 29 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 55 IS 1 BP 188 EP 195 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FA732 UT WOS:A1991FA73200033 ER PT J AU RADCLIFFE, DE WEST, LT HUBBARD, RK ASMUSSEN, LE AF RADCLIFFE, DE WEST, LT HUBBARD, RK ASMUSSEN, LE TI SURFACE SEALING IN COASTAL PLAINS LOAMY SANDS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE OBSERVATIONS; SOIL; INFILTRATION AB Soil surface seals may consist of a dense surface skin seal and/or a washed-in layer of dispersed clay just below the surface. Work in Israel has shown that when clay contents are below about 20%, the seals that form are relatively permeable. In Georgia, soils of the Piedmont region with clay contents above 10% can form low-permeability seals. Our objective was to determine if the more sandy soils of the Coastal Plain region would form seals and, if so, to describe the morphology of these seals. Infiltration was measured using a rainfall simulator on bare and straw-covered tilled soil at six sites on three loamy sands. The three soils used were Tifton (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Plinthic Kandiudult), Carnegie (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Plinthic Kandiudult), and Clarendon (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Plinthaquic Paleudult). Final infiltration rates were significantly lower in the bare soil at all but one site, indicating that sealing occurred. Final infiltration rates were not as low as those observed in soils from the Piedmont region of Georgia, probably due to the lower clay content of the Coastal Plains soils. Thin-section micrographs suggested that these seals formed due to surface disruption with raindrop impact. Although grains that had been stripped of clay and oxides were observed at the surface, no distinct zones of clay and oxide concentration (washed-in-layers) were observed. Size and spatial relationships of the areas of stripped grains suggested that they had been transported and redeposited rather than developed in place. C1 USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP RADCLIFFE, DE (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 55 IS 1 BP 223 EP 227 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FA732 UT WOS:A1991FA73200038 ER PT J AU MADDUX, LD RACZKOWSKI, CW KISSEL, DE BARNES, PL AF MADDUX, LD RACZKOWSKI, CW KISSEL, DE BARNES, PL TI BROADCAST AND SUBSURFACE-BANDED UREA NITROGEN IN UREA AMMONIUM-NITRATE APPLIED TO CORN SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLACEMENT; FERTILIZERS AB Lower yields of corn (Zea mays L.) have been reported in northeastern Kansas when urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution is broadcast incorporated rather than subsurface banded. Broadcast incorporated and subsurface-banded N-15-tagged urea in UAN were evaluated in 1982 and 1983 for N uptake by irrigated corn and N immobilization by a Eudora silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Fluventic Hapludoll). Uptake of N in corn plant components and residual inorganic and immobilized tagged urea N were measured, and an N balance calculated. Recovery of tagged urea N by all plant components was 61 and 68% for banded UAN in 1982 and 1983, respectively, but only 39 and 44% for broadcast incorporated UAN. The amount of tagged urea N immobilized in the top 90 cm of the soil profile was 58 and 14% greater with the broadcast incorporated than with the banded treatment for 1982 and 1983, respectively. Tagged urea N that was unaccounted for was 62 and 200% greater, respectively, for the 2 yr with the broadcast than with the banded applications. The difference in unaccounted-for tagged N between treatments was attributed to variations in loss by leaching. The differences in uptake of tagged urea N were attributed to a combined effect of greater soil immobilization and loss by leaching with the broadcast incorporated application. C1 N CAROLINA AGR & TECHNOL STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT SCI & TECHNOL,GREENSBORO,NC 27411. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP MADDUX, LD (reprint author), KANSAS RIVER VALLEY EXPT FIELD,TOPEKA,KS 66618, USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 55 IS 1 BP 264 EP 267 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FA732 UT WOS:A1991FA73200045 ER PT J AU LAIRD, DA DOWDY, RH MUNTER, RC AF LAIRD, DA DOWDY, RH MUNTER, RC TI SUSPENSION NEBULIZATION ANALYSIS OF CLAYS BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA-ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RAPID COAL ANALYSIS; SLURRY ATOMIZATION; SPECTROMETRY AB Use of suspension nebulization for elemental analysis of clays by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) was evaluated to ascertain the effects of particle size and various experimental parameters on total recoveries. To do so, specimens of Grundite illite and Georgia kaolinite no. 3 were fractionated by centrifugation to prepare samples of the < 0.2-, 0.2- to 2-, 2- to 10-, and 10- to 45-mu-m size fractions. Portions of these samples were dispersed in 1 M HNO3 or 0.1 M NaCl and analyzed by ICP-AES using suspension nebulization. Other portions of the samples were digested with HF and analyzed by ICP-AES using solution nebulization. Total recoveries were determined by comparing the sum of all oxides for the suspension- and solution-nebulization analyses. Total recoveries ranged from 2 to 100% depending on particle size of the samples, design of the spray chamber, observation height, carrier Ar pressure, sample nebulization rate, and method of sample preparation. Incident power of the plasma did not substantially affect total recoveries. The highest total recoveries were obtained by sonicating samples for 10 min at 80 W in 0.1 M NaCl, and by maximizing sample nebulization rate (2.6 mL min-1), minimizing carrier Ar pressure (1.52 mPa), and using a conical spray chamber for the analyses. For the < 0.2- and 0.2- to 2-mu-m size fractions, these conditions yielded reproducible results with total recoveries > 90%. Total recoveries for the 2- to 10- and 10- to 45-mu-m size fractions, however, never exceeded 70 and 24%, respectively. Therefore, suspension nebulization is not recommended for use with samples containing particles larger than 2-mu-m. Use of suspension nebulization with ICP-AES, however, is a rapid and reliable method for performing multielement analyses of clay (< 2-mu-m) samples. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP LAIRD, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 12 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 55 IS 1 BP 274 EP 278 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FA732 UT WOS:A1991FA73200047 ER PT J AU RIBY, PG HARNLY, JM STYRIS, DL BALLOU, NE AF RIBY, PG HARNLY, JM STYRIS, DL BALLOU, NE TI EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF CHROMIUM IN HOLLOW ANODE-FURNACE ATOMIZATION NONTHERMAL EXCITATION SPECTROMETRY SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; GRAPHITE-FURNACE; FANES AB Emission parameters for the determination of Cr using hollow anode-furnace atomization non-thermal excitation spectrometry (HA-FANES) were investigated. The spectral background between 280 and 400 nm included strong emission bands from CN, NH and CH. The best signal-to-noise ratio for Cr was observed for the atomic line at 359.3 nm. Argon atomic emission (420.1 nm) showed no decrease in intensity in the presence of thermionic electrons while Ar ionic emission (434.8 nm) showed a dramatic decrease in intensity. The integrated Cr emission signal exhibited a broad maximum between atomization temperatures of 1800 and 2100-degrees-C. Peak areas increased with pressure with the best signal-to-noise ratio found at 160 Torr (21 300 Pa). The discharge current ranged from 10 to 90 mA with the optimum current dependent on the pressure. A limit of detection of 0.8 pg was obtained for an Ar pressure of 160 Torr, a current of 70 mA, and an atomization temperature of 2000-degrees-C. This limit of detection is comparable to conventional GFAAS and a factor of five better than hollow cathode FANES (HC-FANES). The accuracy of the technique was assessed by the determination of Cr in a standard reference water (SRM 1643b). C1 USDA, BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BLDG 161, BARC E, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PY 1991 VL 46 IS 2 BP 203 EP 215 DI 10.1016/0584-8547(91)80023-V PG 13 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA EX685 UT WOS:A1991EX68500010 ER PT B AU HUMMER, KE AF HUMMER, KE BE DALE, A LUBY, JJ TI FRAGARIA AT THE NATIONAL-CLONAL-GERMPLASM-REPOSITORY AT CORVALLIS, OREGON SO STRAWBERRY INTO THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3RD NORTH AMERICAN STRAWBERRY CONF : THE STRAWBERRY INTO THE 21ST CENTURY CY FEB 14-16, 1990 CL HOUSTON, TX SP N AMER STRAWBERRY GROWERS ASSOC RP HUMMER, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,33447 PEORIA RD,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TIMBER PRESS PI PORTLAND PA PORTLAND BN 0-88192-197-1 PY 1991 BP 106 EP 107 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BV33R UT WOS:A1991BV33R00019 ER PT B AU MAAS, JL WANG, SY GALLETTA, GJ AF MAAS, JL WANG, SY GALLETTA, GJ BE DALE, A LUBY, JJ TI EVALUATION OF STRAWBERRY GENOTYPES FOR ELLAGIC ACID, AN ANTIMUTAGENIC AND ANTICARCINOGENIC PLANT PHENOL SO STRAWBERRY INTO THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3RD NORTH AMERICAN STRAWBERRY CONF : THE STRAWBERRY INTO THE 21ST CENTURY CY FEB 14-16, 1990 CL HOUSTON, TX SP N AMER STRAWBERRY GROWERS ASSOC RP MAAS, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TIMBER PRESS PI PORTLAND PA PORTLAND BN 0-88192-197-1 PY 1991 BP 115 EP 117 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BV33R UT WOS:A1991BV33R00022 ER PT B AU GALLETTA, GJ AF GALLETTA, GJ BE DALE, A LUBY, JJ TI A BIFURCATION IN STRAWBERRY PHYSIOLOGY AND CULTURE RESEARCH FOR THE 21ST-CENTURY SO STRAWBERRY INTO THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3RD NORTH AMERICAN STRAWBERRY CONF : THE STRAWBERRY INTO THE 21ST CENTURY CY FEB 14-16, 1990 CL HOUSTON, TX SP N AMER STRAWBERRY GROWERS ASSOC RP GALLETTA, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TIMBER PRESS PI PORTLAND PA PORTLAND BN 0-88192-197-1 PY 1991 BP 131 EP 132 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BV33R UT WOS:A1991BV33R00027 ER PT B AU PERKINSVEAZIE, P AF PERKINSVEAZIE, P BE DALE, A LUBY, JJ TI CLUES IN THE MYSTERY OF STRAWBERRY FRUIT RIPENING SO STRAWBERRY INTO THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3RD NORTH AMERICAN STRAWBERRY CONF : THE STRAWBERRY INTO THE 21ST CENTURY CY FEB 14-16, 1990 CL HOUSTON, TX SP N AMER STRAWBERRY GROWERS ASSOC RP PERKINSVEAZIE, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,BOX 159,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TIMBER PRESS PI PORTLAND PA PORTLAND BN 0-88192-197-1 PY 1991 BP 172 EP 173 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BV33R UT WOS:A1991BV33R00038 ER PT B AU TAKEDA, F JANISIEWICZ, WJ AF TAKEDA, F JANISIEWICZ, WJ BE DALE, A LUBY, JJ TI EXTENDING STRAWBERRY FRUIT SHELF-LIFE WITH PYRROLNITRIN SO STRAWBERRY INTO THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3RD NORTH AMERICAN STRAWBERRY CONF : THE STRAWBERRY INTO THE 21ST CENTURY CY FEB 14-16, 1990 CL HOUSTON, TX SP N AMER STRAWBERRY GROWERS ASSOC RP TAKEDA, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TIMBER PRESS PI PORTLAND PA PORTLAND BN 0-88192-197-1 PY 1991 BP 174 EP 176 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BV33R UT WOS:A1991BV33R00039 ER PT B AU SMITH, BJ BLACK, LL AF SMITH, BJ BLACK, LL BE DALE, A LUBY, JJ TI GREENHOUSE EFFICACY OF FUNGICIDES FOR CONTROL OF ANTHRACNOSE CROWN ROT OF STRAWBERRY SO STRAWBERRY INTO THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3RD NORTH AMERICAN STRAWBERRY CONF : THE STRAWBERRY INTO THE 21ST CENTURY CY FEB 14-16, 1990 CL HOUSTON, TX SP N AMER STRAWBERRY GROWERS ASSOC RP SMITH, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SMALL FRUIT RES STN,POPLARVILLE,MS 39470, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TIMBER PRESS PI PORTLAND PA PORTLAND BN 0-88192-197-1 PY 1991 BP 221 EP 223 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BV33R UT WOS:A1991BV33R00049 ER PT B AU HESS, CE AF HESS, CE GP NATL RES COUNCIL TI THE UNITED-STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMITMENT TO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE SO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE FIELD: A PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE FIELD - 1990 CY APR 03-04, 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP USDA, OFF SCI & EDUC, NATL RES COUNCIL, BOARD AGR RP HESS, CE (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-309-04578-9 PY 1991 BP 13 EP 21 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Education & Educational Research SC Agriculture; Education & Educational Research GA BW01F UT WOS:A1991BW01F00002 ER PT B AU PAPENDICK, RI AF PAPENDICK, RI GP NATL RES COUNCIL TI STEEP - A MODEL FOR CONSERVATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL-RESEARCH AND EDUCATION SO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE FIELD: A PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE FIELD - 1990 CY APR 03-04, 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP USDA, OFF SCI & EDUC, NATL RES COUNCIL, BOARD AGR RP PAPENDICK, RI (reprint author), USDA ARS,LAND MANAGEMENT & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-309-04578-9 PY 1991 BP 133 EP 144 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Education & Educational Research SC Agriculture; Education & Educational Research GA BW01F UT WOS:A1991BW01F00008 ER PT B AU CARRUTHERS, RI SAWYER, AJ HURAL, K AF CARRUTHERS, RI SAWYER, AJ HURAL, K GP NATL RES COUNCIL TI USE OF FUNGAL PATHOGENS FOR BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS SO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE FIELD: A PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE FIELD - 1990 CY APR 03-04, 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP USDA, OFF SCI & EDUC, NATL RES COUNCIL, BOARD AGR RP CARRUTHERS, RI (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-309-04578-9 PY 1991 BP 336 EP 372 PG 37 WC Agronomy; Education & Educational Research SC Agriculture; Education & Educational Research GA BW01F UT WOS:A1991BW01F00022 ER PT B AU PARR, JF AF PARR, JF GP NATL RES COUNCIL TI SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE NORTHEAST SO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE FIELD: A PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE FIELD - 1990 CY APR 03-04, 1990 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP USDA, OFF SCI & EDUC, NATL RES COUNCIL, BOARD AGR RP PARR, JF (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMY PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-309-04578-9 PY 1991 BP 377 EP 380 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Education & Educational Research SC Agriculture; Education & Educational Research GA BW01F UT WOS:A1991BW01F00024 ER PT B AU VENSEL, WH KASARDA, DD AF VENSEL, WH KASARDA, DD BE VILLAFRANCA, JJ TI EFFECT OF CLEAVAGE CONDITIONS ON EDMAN DEGRADATION OF PROLINE-RICH PROTEINS - APPLICATION TO WHEAT STORAGE PROTEINS SO TECHNIQUES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4TH ANNUAL SYMP OF THE PROTEIN SOC CY AUG 11-15, 1990 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP PROTEIN SOC, A A A LAB, APPL BIOSYST, A V I V ASSOC, BECKMAN INSTRUMENTS, BIOSYM TECHNOL, BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB PHARM RES INST, DUPONT CO, ELI LILLY & CO, FINNIGAN RP VENSEL, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94702, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA SAN DIEGO BN 0-12-721957-9 PY 1991 BP 181 EP 190 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BT33C UT WOS:A1991BT33C00017 ER PT J AU PERKINS, HH BERNI, RJ AF PERKINS, HH BERNI, RJ TI WASHING COTTON BY BATCH PROCESSES SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DUST; ENDOTOXIN AB The OSHA cotton dust standard issued in 1985 exempted cottons washed on either a rayon rinse system or a continuous batt system except for medical surveillance every two years. Human challenge studies with these cottons demonstrated that the acute pulmonary response, as measured by over-work shift changes in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to card generated dusts, was substantially reduced. Batch washed cottons were not exempted because washing trials on antiquated equipment gave inconsistent results. Cottons have now been washed by batch processes on modern equipment. Lint and card generated dusts were assayed for endotoxin contents. The levels in lint were within the acceptable range established for continuous batt washed cottons, and the levels in dust were below reported levels associated with a zero percentage change in FEV1. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP PERKINS, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON QUAL RES STN,CLEMSON,SC 29633, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 61 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1177/004051759106100105 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA ER220 UT WOS:A1991ER22000005 ER PT J AU FRIEBE, B HATCHETT, JH GILL, BS SEBESTA, EE AF FRIEBE, B HATCHETT, JH GILL, BS SEBESTA, EE TI TRANSFER OF HESSIAN FLY RESISTANCE FROM RYE TO WHEAT VIA RADIATION-INDUCED TERMINAL AND INTERCALARY CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATIONS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE HESSIAN FLY RESISTANCE; INSECT ANTIBIOSIS; WHEAT-RYE HYBRIDS; C-BANDING ID POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; LOCATION; LINES AB A new Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) resistance gene derived from 'Balbo' rye and its transfer to hexaploid wheat via radiation-induced terminal and intercalary chromosomal translocations are described. Crosses between resistant 'Balbo' rye and susceptible 'Suwon 92' wheat and between the F1 amphidiploids and susceptible 'TAM 106' and 'Amigo' wheats produced resistant BC2F3 lines that were identified by C-banding analysis as being 6RL telocentric addition lines. Comparative chromosomal analyses and resistance tests revealed that the resistance gene is located on the 6RL telocentric chromosome. X-irradiated pollen of 6RL addition plants was used to fertilize plants of susceptible wheats 'TAM 106,' 'TAM 101,' and 'Vona.' After several generations of selection for resistance, new sublines were obtained that were homogeneous for resistance. Thirteen of these lines were analyzed by C-banding, and three different wheat-6RL chromosomal translocations (T) were identified. Wheat chromosomes involved in the translocations were 6B, 4B, and 4A. Almost the complete 6RL arm is present in T6BS.6BL-6RL. Only the distal half of 6RL is present in T4BS.4BL-6RL, which locates the resistance gene in the distal half of 6RL. Only a very small segment (ca 1.0-mu-m) of the distal region of 6RL is present in an intercalary translocation (Ti) Ti4AS.4AL-6RL-4AL. The 6RL segment is inserted in the intercalary region between the centromere of chromosome 4A and the large proximal C-band of 4AL. The break-points of the translocations are outside the region of the centromere, indicating that they were induced by the X-ray treatment. All three translocations are cytologically stable and can be used directly in wheat breeding programs. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. NR 22 TC 48 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA GR424 UT WOS:A1991GR42400006 PM 24202254 ER PT J AU MESSMER, MM MELCHINGER, AE LEE, M WOODMAN, WL LEE, EA LAMKEY, KR AF MESSMER, MM MELCHINGER, AE LEE, M WOODMAN, WL LEE, EA LAMKEY, KR TI GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG PROGENITORS AND ELITE LINES FROM THE IOWA STIFF STALK SYNTHETIC (BSSS) MAIZE POPULATION - COMPARISON OF ALLOZYME AND RFLP DATA SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE ALLOZYMES; RFLPS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; RARE ALLELES; GENETIC DISTANCES; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; ZEA-MAYS L ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; ZEA-MAYS-L; UNITED-STATES; RECURRENT SELECTION; INBRED LINES; ISOZYME VARIATION; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; PEDIGREE DATA; MULTIVARIATE; VARIABILITY AB Data for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of 144 clone-enzyme combinations and for 22 allozyme loci from 21 U.S. Corn Belt maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds were analyzed. The genetic materials included 14 progenitors of the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) maize population, both parents of one missing BSSS progenitor, four elite inbreds derived from BSSS, and inbred Mo17. Objectives were to characterize the genetic variation among these 21 inbreds for both allozymes and RFLPs, to compare the results from both types of molecular markers, and to estimate the proportion of unique alleles in the BSSS progenitors. Genetic diversity among the 21 inbreds was substantially greater for RFLPs than for allozymes, but the percentages of unique RFLP variants (27%) and unique allozyme alleles (25%) in the BSSS progenitors were similar. Genetic distances between inbreds, estimated as Rogers' distance (RD), were. on average, twice as large for RFLP (0.51) as for allozyme data (0.24). RDs obtained from allozyme and RFLP data for individual line combinations were only poorly correlated (r = 0.23); possible reasons for discrepancies are discussed. Principal component analysis of RFLP data, in contrast to allozyme data, resulted in separate groupings of the ten BSSS progenitors derived from the 'Reid Yellow Dent' population, the four BSSS elite lines, and Mo17. The remaining six BSSS progenitors were genetically rather diverse and contributed a large number of rare alleles to BSSS. The results of this study corroborate the fact that RFLPs are superior to allozymes for characterizing the genetic diversity of maize breeding materials, because of (1) the almost unlimited number of markers available and (2) the greater amount of polymorphisms found. In particular, RFLPs allow related lines and inbreds with common genetic background to be identified, but a large number of probe-enzyme combinations is needed to estimate genetic distances with the precision required. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV HOHENHEIM,W-7000 STUTTGART 70,GERMANY. USDA ARS,CEREAL & SOYBEAN RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 37 TC 68 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 97 EP 107 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA GR424 UT WOS:A1991GR42400014 PM 24202262 ER PT J AU ERSKINE, W MUEHLBAUER, FJ AF ERSKINE, W MUEHLBAUER, FJ TI ALLOZYME AND MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY, OUTCROSSING RATE AND CORE COLLECTION FORMATION IN LENTIL GERMPLASM SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE LENS-CULINARIS; ISOZYMES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CORE COLLECTION; CROSS-POLLINATION ID STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; COMPILATION; GENETICS; ENZYMES AB A survey of qualitative genetic variation at 3 morphological trait loci, 17 isozyme loci and a putative isozyme locus (amylase) was made for 105 lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) germplasm accessions from Chile, Greece and Turkey. New alleles were found for Lap-1, Me-2, Pgm-c, Pgm-p and 6-Pgd-c. The average proportion of polymorphic loci per population was 0.19, with a range of 0 to 0.42 over populations. Germplasm from Chile was equally variable to that from Greece and Turkey on the basis of individual loci and in a multilocus sense, despite its post-Columbus introduction to the New World. Evidence was found from associations between allelic states at different loci of a complex multilocus structure of lentil populations. A single multilocus genotype represented 10.2% of all plants sampled. The rate of outcrossing varied from 2.2% and 2.9% in Turkish and Greek landraces to 6.6% among Chilean populations. Using the survey data, a random sampling strategy for core collection formation was compared with two stratified sampling methods. The advantage of stratified sampling over random sampling was only significant at P = 0.28. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP ERSKINE, W (reprint author), INT CTR AGR RES DRY AREAS,POB 5466,ALEPPO,SYRIA. NR 22 TC 53 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 119 EP 125 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA GR424 UT WOS:A1991GR42400017 PM 24202265 ER PT J AU DEVEY, ME JERMSTAD, KD TAUER, CG NEALE, DB AF DEVEY, ME JERMSTAD, KD TAUER, CG NEALE, DB TI INHERITANCE OF RFLP LOCI IN A LOBLOLLY-PINE 3-GENERATION PEDIGREE SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE PINUS-TAEDA L; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; GENOME MAPPING ID POLYMORPHISMS; MAIZE; DNA AB A high-density restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) linkage map is being constructed for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Loblolly pine cDNA and genomic DNA clones were used as probes in hybridizations to genomic DNAs prepared from grandparents, parents, and progeny of a three-generation outbred pedigree. Approximately 200 probes were evaluated for their ability to detect polymorphic loci between DNAs prepared from the two parent trees, 20-1010 and 11-1060, and cut with four different restriction enzymes: BamHI, DraI, EcoRI, and HindIII. More than half of the probes detecting single- or low-copy number sequences (56%) revealed polymorphisms between the two parents with at least one restriction enzyme. If necessary, an additional hybridization to DNAs prepared from the four grandparent trees was conducted to determine the zygosity of parent trees. Ten of these probes were hybridized to progeny DNAs from this cross and, as expected, the markers were inherited as simple codominant Mendelian alleles. Four of the ten probes detected segregation of three alleles at one locus, and four probes detected more than one independently segregating locus. RFLPs can be used immediately to assess genetic diversity in conifer populations and to "fingerprint" genotypes in tree improvement programs. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST FOREST GENET,PACIFIC SW RES STN,2480 CARSON RD,PLACERVILLE,CA 95667. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP NEALE, DB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST FOREST GENET,PACIFIC SW RES STN,2480 CARSON RD,PLACERVILLE,CA 95667, USA. NR 17 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PY 1991 VL 83 IS 2 BP 238 EP 242 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA GU456 UT WOS:A1991GU45600017 PM 24202364 ER PT J AU ROBERDS, JH FRIEDMAN, ST ELKASSABY, YA AF ROBERDS, JH FRIEDMAN, ST ELKASSABY, YA TI EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF POLLEN PARENTS IN CLONAL SEED ORCHARDS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE VARIANCE EFFECTIVE NUMBER; TEMPORAL METHOD; GENE FREQUENCY VARIANCE; GENETIC DRIFT; MALE GAMETE POPULATIONS ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; PINUS-TAEDA L; DOUGLAS-FIR; REPRODUCTIVE PHENOLOGY; ALLELE FREQUENCY; FRUITFULNESS; MARKERS; DRIFT AB A method for quantifying mating behavior in clonal seed orchards of forest tree species is presented. It involves the estimation of effective numbers of pollen parents from seed samples collected from individual ramets in such orchards. These effective numbers are variance effective numbers for populations of male gametes that are successful in uniting with ovules to produce viable seed. Three such effective numbers are defined for clonal seed orchards: N(p)(a) for male gamete populations for ramets within clones, N(p)(b) for male gamete populations for clones, and N(p)(c) for male gamete populations for entire orchards. Estimators for these effective numbers and for standardized variances of allele frequencies in the male gametic populations are presented. Expressions are also given for the confidence intervals for each of the three effective numbers. Estimates of these parameters and the corresponding confidence intervals for two seed orchards are presented and interpreted. C1 US FOREST SERV,NATL FOREST GEL,CAMINO,CA 95709. CANADIAN PACIFIC FOREST LTD,SAANICHTON V0S 1M0,BC,CANADA. RP ROBERDS, JH (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,US FOREST SERV,BOX 7614,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. RI El-Kassaby, Yousry/K-9856-2016 OI El-Kassaby, Yousry/0000-0002-4887-8977 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PY 1991 VL 82 IS 3 BP 313 EP 320 DI 10.1007/BF02190617 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA GE546 UT WOS:A1991GE54600008 PM 24213175 ER PT J AU JAUHAR, PP RIERALIZARAZU, O DEWEY, WG GILL, BS CRANE, CF BENNETT, JH AF JAUHAR, PP RIERALIZARAZU, O DEWEY, WG GILL, BS CRANE, CF BENNETT, JH TI CHROMOSOME-PAIRING RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE A-GENOME, B-GENOME, AND D-GENOME OF BREAD WHEAT SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE HOMOEOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME PAIRING; PH1 PAIRING REGULATOR; GENOME RELATIONSHIPS; EUHAPLOID; GIEMSA N-BANDING ID THINOPYRUM-BESSARABICUM; ALLOHEXAPLOID WHEAT; TRIPLOID HYBRIDS; TRITICEAE; ELONGATUM; MEIOSIS; MUTANT; RYE AB Chromosome pairing and chiasma frequency were studied in bread wheat euhaploids (2n = 3x = 21; ABD genomes) with and without the major pairing regulator Ph1. This constitutes the first report of chromosome pairing relationships among the A, B, and D genomes of wheat without the influence of an alien genome. All Ph1 euhaploids had very little pairing, with 0.62-1.05 rod bivalents per cell; ring bivalents were virtually absent and mean arm-binding frequency (c) values ranged from 0.050 to 0.086. In contrast, the ph1b euhaploids had extensive homoeologous pairing, with chiasma frequency 7.5-11.6 times higher than that in the Ph1 euhaploids. They had 0.53-1.16 trivalents, 1.53-1.74 ring bivalents, and 2.90-3.57 rod bivalents, with c from 0.580 to 0.629. N-banding of meiotic chromosomes showed strongly preferential pairing between chromosomes of the A and D genomes; 80% of the pairing was between these genomes, especially in the presence of the ph1b allele. The application of mathematical models to unmarked chromosomes also supported a 2:1 genomic structure of the ph1b euhaploids. Numerical modeling suggested that about 80% of the metaphase I association was between the two most related genomes in the presence of ph1b, but that pairing under Ph1 was considerably more random. The data demonstrate that the A and D genomes are much more closely related to each other than either is to B. These results may have phylogenetic significance and hence breeding implications. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. NR 36 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PY 1991 VL 82 IS 4 BP 441 EP 449 DI 10.1007/BF00588597 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA GG504 UT WOS:A1991GG50400010 PM 24213260 ER PT J AU OLDROYD, B RINDERER, T BUCO, S AF OLDROYD, B RINDERER, T BUCO, S TI HERITABILITY OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS USED TO DISTINGUISH EUROPEAN AND AFRICANIZED HONEYBEES SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE HONEYBEE; HERITABILITY; DISCRIMINANT FUNCTIONS; TAXONOMY; AFRICANIZED BEES ID APIS-MELLIFERA; WORKER CHARACTERS AB Identification of "Africanized" honeybees (Apis mellifera) is usually achieved by measuring an array of morphological characters. Discriminant functions exist that allow determination of subspecies similarity on the basis of these measurements. Here we compute the heritabilities of the standard character set for ten ecotypes (Table 1) of bees. Heritability is extremely high for body size characters and there is greater genetic variance among ecotypes than within. Heritability is lower, but still very high, for the vein angle characters and hamuli number (Table 3). Heritability was also computed for the same character set for a group of 20 colonies in Venezuela (Table 4). Heritabilities declined by an average of 41% when specimens were reared in nonmaternal environments, but were still extremely high for the body size characters. These results support the continued use of morphological characters as a tool for identifying Africanized bees. They also suggest that multivariate analysis of morphology is useful in evaluating changes in the honeybee genome, and is therefore an effective means of studying the population genetics of honeybees. C1 STAT RESOURCES INC,BATON ROUGE,LA 70808. RP OLDROYD, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL RES LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PY 1991 VL 82 IS 4 BP 499 EP 504 DI 10.1007/BF00588605 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA GG504 UT WOS:A1991GG50400018 PM 24213268 ER PT J AU HILL, RR KOLB, FL MARSHALL, HG AF HILL, RR KOLB, FL MARSHALL, HG TI PREDICTION OF F3 ROW PERFORMANCE FROM F2 INDIVIDUAL PLANT-DATA IN OATS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE AVENA-SATIVA L; GRAIN YIELD; BIOLOGICAL YIELD; HARVEST INDEX; EARLY GENERATION SELECTION ID SELECTION AB Parameters estimated from a Gardner-Eberhart analysis of the F2 generation of a six-parent diallel in oats (Avena sativa L.) were used to compare methods for predicting the performance of F3 row plots. The prediction methods were: (1) individual F2 plant performance (F21), (2) parent average plus F2 plot deviations (PF2), (3) parent average plus weighted F2 plot deviations (PF2P), (4) best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) of parent average plus F2 plot deviations (BPF2), and (5) BLUP plus weighted F2 deviations (BF2). The F2 single-plant traits used for prediction were biological yield to predict F3 biological yield, whole plant and primary tiller grain yield for prediction of F3 grain yield, and whole plant and primary tiller harvest index (HI) to predict F3 HI. Prediction methods were evaluated by correlations between predicted and observed F3 performance. Prediction methods and traits for which correlations were greater than for F21 included: BF2 for biological yield, PF2, PF2P and BF2 for whole plant grain yield, PF2, BPF2, and BF2 for primary tiller grain yield. None had a correlation significantly greater than F21 for either measure of HI, where heritability was large. PF2 is the recommended method for traits with low heritability because of its simplicity and because it had the largest or nearly the largest correlation for each of the yield traits. F21 is the recommended method for traits with larger heritability. C1 USDA ARS,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16803. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PY 1991 VL 81 IS 1 BP 79 EP 82 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA EP191 UT WOS:A1991EP19100012 PM 24221162 ER PT J AU ALI, IF NEALE, DB MARSHALL, KA AF ALI, IF NEALE, DB MARSHALL, KA TI CHLOROPLAST DNA RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM IN SEQUOIA-SEMPERVIRENS D DON ENDL, PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII (MIRB) FRANCO, CALOCEDRUS-DECURRENS (TORR), AND PINUS-TAEDA L SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE CPDNA RFLPS; SEQUOIA-SEMPERVIRENS D DON ENDL; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII (MIRB) FRANCO; CALOCEDRUS-DECURRENS (TORR) FLORIN; PINUS-TAEDA L ID LARGE INVERTED REPEAT; PATERNAL INHERITANCE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CONIFERS LACK; DOUGLAS-FIR; WILD PLANT; DIVERSITY; NUCLEAR; GENOMES; REARRANGEMENTS AB The extent and type of chloroplast DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism was determined among individual tree samples of coast redwood, Douglas fir, incense-cedar, and loblolly pine. A total of 107 trees was surveyed for three restriction enzymes (BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII) and six chloroplast DNA probes from petunia (P3, P4, P6, P8, P10, S8). The probes comprise 64% of the petunia chloroplast genome. Polymorphisms were detected in all species but loblolly pine. Coast redwood and incense-cedar had a small number of rare variants, whereas Douglas fir had one highly polymorphic region of insertions/deletions in sequences revealed by the P6 probe from petunia. The mutation hotspot is currently being studied by DNA sequence analysis. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,INST FOREST GENET,BOX 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PY 1991 VL 81 IS 1 BP 83 EP 89 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA EP191 UT WOS:A1991EP19100013 PM 24221163 ER PT J AU WANG, RRC MARBURGER, JE HU, CJ AF WANG, RRC MARBURGER, JE HU, CJ TI TISSUE-CULTURE-FACILITATED PRODUCTION OF ANEUPOLYHAPLOID THINOPYRUM-PONTICUM AND AMPHIDIPLOID HORDEUM-VIOLACEUM X H-BOGDANII AND THEIR USES IN PHYLOGENETIC STUDIES SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE ANTHER CULTURE; INFLORESCENCE CULTURE; HAPLOIDY; AMPHIDIPLOID; GENOME ANALYSIS ID PERENNIAL TRITICEAE; CRITESION-VIOLACEUM; KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS; ANTHER CULTURE; HYBRIDS; MEIOSIS; CALLUS; POLLEN; PLANTS; WHEAT AB An aneupolyhaploid (2n = 36) of the decaploid Thinopyrum ponticum and an amphidiploid (2n = 28) of Hordeum violaceum x Hordeum bogdanii were produced through anther and inflorescence culture, respectively. Meiotic associations in pollen mother cells at metaphase I of these plants were analyzed. The aneupolyhaploid arose by direct embryogenesis from a microspore without passing through a callus phase. The mean pairing frequencies of 2.67 univalents + 0.54 rod bivalents + 8.85 ring bivalents + 2.75 trivalents + 0.17 chain quadrivalents + 0.56 ring quadrivalents + 0.65 pentavalents in the aneupolyhaploid (2n = 36) best fit the 2:2:1 model. However, the frequent multivalents (up to five trivalents, or three quadrivalents, or four pentavalents in a cell) indicated that decaploid T. ponticum has five sets of closely related genomes representable by the genome formula J1J1J1J2J2. Colchicine treatment of inflorescence-derived H. violaceum x H. bogdanii regenerants greatly enhanced the rate of chromosome doubling, and completely doubled regenerants could be isolated. The H. violaceum x H. bogdanii amphidiploid had a mean pairing pattern of 12.53 univalents + 5.57 rod bivalents + 1.97 ring bivalents + 0.07 trivalents + 0.03 hexavalents, indicating the presence of desynaptic gene(s) in the original diploiid hybrid. Therefore, the pairing frequency in that diploid hybrid was an under-estimate of chromosome homology between the parental genomes, and additional diploid hybrids are needed to assess the genome homology between H. violaceum and H. bogdanii. These two contrasting experiments demonstrated that tissue culture techniques are useful in altering the ploidy level to produce plant materials suitable for genome analysis and phylogenetic studies. RP WANG, RRC (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PY 1991 VL 81 IS 2 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1007/BF00215716 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA EY965 UT WOS:A1991EY96500003 PM 24221196 ER PT J AU KANG, H AF KANG, H TI COMPONENTS OF JUVENILE-MATURE CORRELATIONS IN FOREST TREES SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE PART-WHOLE CORRELATION; JUVENILE-MATURE CORRELATION; JACK PINE; RED PINE; NORWAY SPRUCE ID EARLY SELECTION; JACK PINE AB Juvenile-mature correlation has played an important role in indirect selection for size traits in forest trees. The juvenile size of a tree is a part of the mature size, and the juvenile-mature correlation is an example of a "part-whole" type of correlation. As is the case with any other "part-whole" type of correlation, the juvenile-mature correlation can be subdivided into two components; one is a function of variance only, and the other a function of variance and covariance. In this paper the components of the juvenile-mature correlation is described, the basic properties and the dynamics of its components analyzed, and the role of these components in explaining the gain from indirect juvenile selection discussed. Six forest tree populations were used to review the various properties of the model. The most important applied conclusions were: (1) even if two populations have the same juvenile-mature correlations, different selection strategies can be used depending on the nature of correlation components. (2) Choosing the proper mature age is as important as choosing juvenile age. (3) Understanding the growth curves of mean and variance is essential to developing selection strategies. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. RP KANG, H (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PY 1991 VL 81 IS 2 BP 173 EP 184 DI 10.1007/BF00215720 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA EY965 UT WOS:A1991EY96500007 PM 24221200 ER PT J AU HAYNES, KG POTTS, WE CAMP, MJ AF HAYNES, KG POTTS, WE CAMP, MJ TI ESTIMATION OF PREFERENTIAL PAIRING IN TETRAPLOID X DIPLOID HYBRIDIZATIONS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE 4X-2X HYBRIDIZATION; 2N GAMETES; PREFERENTIAL PAIRING ID HYBRIDS; SEGREGATION; POTATOES; GENOTYPE AB Crosses made between tetraploid and diploid, 2n pollen-producing species directly transfer from one-half to the entire diploid genome from the diploid to the tetraploid level, depending on the mechanism of 2n pollen formation and the amount of crossing-over that occurs. Tetraploid plants that result from tetraploid X diploid hybridizations can be further utilized in a breeding program. It is postulated that preferential pairing between homologous chromosomes derived from the original tetraploid or diploid parent occurs in the tetraploid X diploid hybrid. Depending on the genetic divergence of the species involved, preferential pairing of homologous chromosomes may range from zero to one. Theoretical estimates of the amount of preferential pairing and the standard errors of these estimates are derived for cases where the diploid parent produces 2n gametes by either a first division or a second division restitution mechanism. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,STAT CONSULTING & ANAL SERV,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HAYNES, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PY 1991 VL 81 IS 4 BP 504 EP 508 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA FK063 UT WOS:A1991FK06300009 PM 24221315 ER PT J AU ADIWILAGA, KD BROWN, CR AF ADIWILAGA, KD BROWN, CR TI USE OF 2N POLLEN-PRODUCING TRIPLOID HYBRIDS TO INTRODUCE TETRAPLOID MEXICAN WILD-SPECIES GERM PLASM TO CULTIVATED TETRAPLOID POTATO GENE POOL SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE GERM PLASM ENHANCEMENT; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS; RESCUE POLLEN; SOLANUM; TRIPLANDROIDS ID INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID; SOLANUM-ETUBEROSUM; INTROGRESSION; RESISTANCE; CROSSABILITY; TUBEROSUM; PHUREJA; MUTANTS AB Tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48) 2EBN Mexican wild species in the series Longipedicellata, which consists of Solanum fendleri, S. hjertingii, S. papita, S. polytrichon, and S. stoloniferum, were crossed with two 2EBN cultivated diploid (2n = 2x = 24) clones. The resulting triploid hybrids (2n = 3x = 36) produced 2n pollen (triplandroids) by the mechanism of parallel orientation of anaphase II spindles. The percentage of stainable pollen in 520 triploids ranged between 0 and 23.5%, with a mean of 2.7%. Triploids producing between 13.0 and 23.5% stainable pollen were crossed as staminate parents to the tetraploid cultivars, resulting in abundant pentaploid (2n = 5x = 60) and near-pentaploid hybrid progeny. Crosses of triploids with lower percentage of stainable pollen as pollen parent to the tetraploid cultivars did not yield fruit, unless rescue pollen from a tetraploid cultivar was added 2 days later. Pentaploid hybrids were selected among selfed tetraploid progenies using morphological and isozyme markers transmitted from their cultivated diploid parents. These pentaploid hybrids were vigorous and had uniformly sterile pollen. They were female fertile and were crossed with tetraploid cultivars, yielding an average of 19 seeds per fruit. Triplandroids provide the opportunity of transferring 2EBN tetraploid Mexican wild species in the series Longipedicellata germ plasm into the 4EBN cultivated potatoes. C1 USDA ARS,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS,RR 2 BOX 2953A,PROSSER,WA 99350. NR 39 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PY 1991 VL 81 IS 5 BP 645 EP 652 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA FP489 UT WOS:A1991FP48900014 PM 24221381 ER PT J AU HAVEY, MJ AF HAVEY, MJ TI PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS AMONG CULTIVATED ALLIUM SPECIES FROM RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS OF THE CHLOROPLAST GENOME SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE RFLPS; ALLIUM TAXONOMY; ONION; CHLOROPLAST DNA ID DNA AB The genus Allium contains many economically important species, including the bulb onion, chive, garlic, Japanese bunching onion, and leek. Phylogenetic relationships among the cultivated alliums are not well understood, and taxonomic classifications are based on relatively few morphological characters. Chloroplast DNA is highly conserved and useful in determining phylogenetic relationships. The size of the chloroplast genome of Allium cepa was estimated at 140 kb and restriction enzyme sites were mapped for KpnI, PstI, PvuII, SalI, XbaI, and XhoI. Variability at restriction enzymes sites in the chloroplast DNA was studied for at least three accessions of each of six cultivated, old-world Allium species. Of 189 restriction enzyme sites detected with 12 enzymes, 15 mutations were identified and used to estimate phylogenetic relationships. Cladistic analysis based on Wagner and Dollo parsimony resulted in a single, most-parsimonious tree of 16 steps and supported division of the species into sections. Allium species in section Porrum were distinguished from species in sections Cepa and Phyllodolon. Two species in section Rhiziridium, A. schoenoprasum and A. tuberosum, differed by five mutations and were placed in separate lineages. Allium cepa and A. fistulosum shared the loss of a restriction enzyme site and were phylogenetically closer to each other than to A. schoenoprasum. This study demonstrates the usefulness of restriction enzyme site analysis of the chloroplast genome in the elucidation of phylogenetic relationships in Allium. RP HAVEY, MJ (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROP UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 27 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PY 1991 VL 81 IS 6 BP 752 EP 757 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA FT420 UT WOS:A1991FT42000007 PM 24221436 ER PT J AU GAWEL, NJ JARRET, RL AF GAWEL, NJ JARRET, RL TI CHLOROPLAST DNA RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS (RFLPS) IN MUSA SPECIES SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE BANANA; CPDNA; PLANTAIN; SYSTEMATICS ID BANANAS AB Taxonomic and phylogenetic determinations within the genus Musa are established using a numerical, morphology-based scoring system. However, within this system, the classification and relationships of some types are disputed. The application of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis to Musa taxonomy provided valuable, supplemental information about the classification of, and relationships between, Musa species and subspecies. Whole-cell DNA was extracted from lyophilized Musa leaf-blade tissue and digested with various restriction enzymes, Southern blotted onto nylon membranes, and probed using radioactively labeled heterologous orchid cpDNA fragments. Phylogenies were inferred from cpDNA RFLP patterns using PAUP software. The relationships between most species examined were as expected; however, some species (M. beccarii and M. basjoo) did not conform to the conventional morphology-based phylogeny. C1 USDA ARS,REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. RP GAWEL, NJ (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,GEORGIA EXPT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 19 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PY 1991 VL 81 IS 6 BP 783 EP 786 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA FT420 UT WOS:A1991FT42000012 PM 24221441 ER PT J AU STEVENS, DK KRIEGER, RI AF STEVENS, DK KRIEGER, RI TI STABILITY STUDIES ON THE CYANOBACTERIAL NICOTINIC ALKALOID ANATOXIN-A SO TOXICON LA English DT Article ID ANABAENA-FLOS-AQUAE; ACETYLCHOLINE; NITROXIDES AB Anatoxin-a (ANTX-a) is a potent nicotinic cholinergic bicyclic secondary amine produced by some toxigenic strains of Anabaena spp. cyanobacteria (LD50 = 0.20-0.25 mg/kg i.p., mouse). Studies were undertaken to examine the effects of sunlight, pH, oxygen, and copper and iron, known catalysts of nitrogen oxidation, on the stability of ANTX-a. Photolysis of this extremely potent toxin was demonstrated under conditions resembling those which occur naturally. First-order decay kinetics of ANTX-a in sunlight was both pH and light intensity dependent. In the solutions examined, which represented expected biological conditions, the half-life of ANTX-a was on the order of 1-2 hr. This compares to half-lives on the order of several days in the absence of sunlight, even in the presence of metal ions. Mouse bioassays indicate that the breakdown products of ANTX-a, by both mechanisms, are inactive. Sunlight photolysis is concluded to be a possible important detoxification route of ANTX-a. C1 USDA,WORKER HLTH & SAFETY BRANCH,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814. RP STEVENS, DK (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL PHARM,PHARMACOL TOXICOL PROGRAM,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 32 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PY 1991 VL 29 IS 2 BP 167 EP 179 DI 10.1016/0041-0101(91)90101-V PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA EX659 UT WOS:A1991EX65900004 PM 1646499 ER PT J AU BONDY, GS MCCORMICK, SP BEREMAND, MN PESTKA, JJ AF BONDY, GS MCCORMICK, SP BEREMAND, MN PESTKA, JJ TI MURINE LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION IMPAIRED BY SUBSTITUTED NEOSOLANIOLS AND CALONECTRINS - FUSARIUM METABOLITES ASSOCIATED WITH TRICHOTHECENE BIOSYNTHESIS SO TOXICON LA English DT Article ID MITOGEN-INDUCED BLASTOGENESIS; T-2 TOXIN; DEOXYNIVALENOL VOMITOXIN; SPOROTRICHIOIDES; MYCOTOXINS; ZEARALENONE; INHIBITION; INFECTION; CULMORUM; MICE AB The capacity of Fusarium secondary metabolites associated with trichothecene biosynthesis to inhibit murine spleen lymphocyte proliferation was evaluated and compared to that for well known trichothecenes. Activity of these compounds was not specific for B and T lymphocytes since they inhibited [H-3]thymidine (TdR) incorporation in unstimulated, Con A- and LPS-stimulated lymphocytes to the same extent. Concentrations of 8-propionyl neosolaniol and 8-butyrylneosolaniol which inhibited [H-3]Tdr uptake by 50% (ID50S) were 0.95 and 0.34 ng/ml, respectively. The ID50 for T-2 toxin was 0.26 ng/ml, indicating that there are minor alterations in 12, 13-epoxytrichothecene toxicity resulting from the replacement of the isovaleryl moiety on C8 of the trichothecene skeleton with other bulky acyl groups. ID50 values for 4,15-diacetylnivalenol, fusarenon X, deoxynivalenol and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol were 25, 38, 120 and 1800 ng/ml, respectively. Comparatively, ID50 values for 3,15-dideacetylcalonectrin, 15-deacetylcalonectrin, and 7,8-dihydroxycalonectrin were 390, 2700 and 2400 ng/ml, respectively, indicating that the modified calonectrins had equivalent or less toxicity. Lymphotoxicity of trichothecenes thus decreased upon substitution of acyl groups at the C8 with keto or hydroxy moieties and was also dependent on the nature of substitutions at the C3, C4 and C15 positions. Sambucinol and the trichothecene precursor trichodiene, metabolites which do not contain a 12,13-epoxide, did not inhibit lymphocyte proliferation. The results suggest the need for further assessment of occurrence and in vivo toxicity of Fusarium metabolites, particulary the substituted neosolaniols and calonectrins. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,RM 236 FOOD SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL & PUBL HLTH,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PY 1991 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1107 EP 1113 DI 10.1016/0041-0101(91)90208-9 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA GJ400 UT WOS:A1991GJ40000005 PM 1796475 ER PT J AU VOSS, KA BRENNECKE, LH AF VOSS, KA BRENNECKE, LH TI TOXICOLOGICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SICKLEPOD (CASSIA-OBTUSIFOLIA) SEEDS IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS - A SUBCHRONIC FEEDING STUDY SO TOXICON LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE-MAX; ANTHRAQUINONES; TOXICITY AB Cassia obtusifolia and its seeds, common contaminants of agricultural commodities, are toxic to cattle and poultry. Toxicity has been attributed to anthraquinones which are major constituents of C. obtusifolia, but studies of the subchronic and chronic toxicity of naturally occurring anthraquinones are limited. To investigate the subchronic ( > 30 days) toxicity of C. obtusifolia seed, ten rats/sex were fed diets containing 0, 0.15, 0.50, 1.5 or 5.0% C. obtusifolia seed for 13 weeks. Intermittent mild diarrhea was found in high-dose animals and body weights of high-dose males were decreased to week 10. Myeloid hyperplasia with peripheral leukocytosis, thrombocytosis and mild anemia were found in males and females fed diets containing greater-than-or-equal-to 0.50% C. obtusifolia seed. Leukocytosis resulted from neutrophilia, whereas peripheral lymphocyte counts were unaffected. Lymphoid hyperplasia and/or histiocytosis were found in the mesenteric lymph nodes in groups fed C. obtusifolia seed. Thus, a dietary 'no observable effect level' for subchronic ingestion of C. obtusifolia seed in rats was < 0.15%. C1 PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,FREDERICK,MD 21701. RP VOSS, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,POB 5677,COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PY 1991 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1329 EP 1336 DI 10.1016/0041-0101(91)90119-C PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA GV860 UT WOS:A1991GV86000004 PM 1814008 ER PT B AU MERTZ, W AF MERTZ, W BE CHANDRA, RK TI GENERAL-CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING REQUIREMENTS AND TOXICITY OF TRACE-ELEMENTS SO TRACE ELEMENTS IN NUTRITION OF CHILDREN-II SE NESTLE NUTRITION WORKSHOP SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23RD NESTLE NUTRITION WORKSHOP CY MAY 24-27, 1989 CL MARRAKECH, MOROCCO SP NESTLE RP MERTZ, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAVEN PRESS PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK BN 0-88167-741-8 J9 NESTLE NUTR WORKS SE PY 1991 VL 23 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA BS73W UT WOS:A1991BS73W00001 ER PT J AU WOODWARD, DF FARAG, AM LITTLE, EE STEADMAN, B YANCIK, R AF WOODWARD, DF FARAG, AM LITTLE, EE STEADMAN, B YANCIK, R TI SENSITIVITY OF GREENBACK CUTTHROAT TROUT TO ACIDIC PH AND ELEVATED ALUMINUM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID YOLK-SAC LARVAE; SALMO-TRUTTA-L; RAINBOW-TROUT; BROOK TROUT; BROWN TROUT; LAKE TROUT; SOFT-WATER; GAIRDNERI; CALCIUM; MORTALITY AB The greenback cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki stomias is a threatened subspecies native to the upper South Platte and Arkansas rivers between Denver and Fort Collins, Colorado, an area also susceptible to acid deposition. In laboratory studies, we exposed this subspecies to nominal pHs of 4.5-6.5 and to nominal aluminum concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 300-mu-g/L; the control was pH 6.5 treatment without Al. We used soft water that contained 1.3 mg Ca/L. Exposures of 7 d each were made for four early life stages: fertilized egg, eyed embryo, alevin, and swim-up larva. Effects were measured at the end of exposure and again after a recovery period lasting until 40 d posthatch. The alevin stage was the most sensitive: at pH 5.0 with no Al, survival was reduced by 68% and swimming duration by 76%; at pH 6.0 and 50-mu-g Al/L, swimming duration was reduced by 62%, but survival was not affected. Reductions in whole-body concentrations of Na, K, and Ca indicated organism stress. Sodium was reduced most-about 50% in alevins exposed to pH 5.0 without Al and to pH 6.0 with 50-mu-g Al/L. Growth and the ratio of RNA to DNA were not affected by any exposure. All responses that were affected during exposure returned to normal by 40 d posthatch. Overall, it appeared that pH 6.0 and 50-mu-g Al/L might be detrimental to greenback cutthroat trout populations. C1 UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ZOOL & PHYSIOL,LARAMIE,WY 82071. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP WOODWARD, DF (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES CONTAMINANT RES CTR,JACKSON FIELD STN,BOX 1089,JACKSON,WY 83001, USA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 120 IS 1 BP 34 EP 42 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0034:SOGCTT>2.3.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA FK683 UT WOS:A1991FK68300003 ER PT J AU SHINNERS, KJ KOEGEL, RG LEHMAN, LL AF SHINNERS, KJ KOEGEL, RG LEHMAN, LL TI FRICTION COEFFICIENT OF ALFALFA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE FRICTION COEFFICIENT; ALFALFA AB The friction coefficient of alfalfa as affected by surface type, velocity, normal pressure, moisture content and water lubrication rate has been determined. For common values of the above parameters, the friction coefficients for polished steel, glass coated steel, polyethylene, iron oxide coated steel, and baked Teflon were 0.529, 0.490, 0.416, 0.402, and 0.375, respectively. Water lubrication at a rate of 11.4 L/h reduced the coefficient of friction by an average of 67% for all surfaces. The factors of normal pressure in the range of 37-207 kPa and velocity in the range of 16.7-38.1 m/s did not significantly affect the coefficient of friction of alfalfa. C1 JI CASE,DEPT DRIVETRAIN,HINSDALE,IL. RP SHINNERS, KJ (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,DEPT AGR ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 34 IS 1 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FK325 UT WOS:A1991FK32500006 ER PT J AU WOOD, RK BURT, EC JOHNSON, CE AF WOOD, RK BURT, EC JOHNSON, CE TI DYNAMIC LOAD EFFECTS ON THRUST COMPONENTS ALONG THE SOIL-TIRE CONTACT ZONE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TRACTION; TIRES; THRUST; DYNAMIC LOAD; SOIL DYNAMICS ID STRESS AB Tractive thrust components across the width of an 18.4R38 radial-ply tire were examined to determine how the tire generated thrust in loose and compacted soil conditions at each of four levels of dynamic load. The tire developed thrust more uniformly across the lug face in the loose soil conditions than in the compacted soil conditions. Increased dynamic load resulted in significant increases in the thrust at the tire centerline and lug edge positions. The thrust developed at the center of the lug was not significantly affected by increasing dynamic load on the compacted soil conditions. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIS DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP WOOD, RK (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 34 IS 1 BP 43 EP 46 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FK325 UT WOS:A1991FK32500008 ER PT J AU TROUT, TJ AF TROUT, TJ TI SURFACE SEAL INFLUENCE ON SURGE FLOW FURROW INFILTRATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE FURROWS; SURFACE IRRIGATION; INFILTRATION; SURGE IRRIGATION; SURFACE SEAL; SOILS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CRUST; BULK DENSITY ID IRRIGATION; EROSION; WATER; SOIL AB The interactive influence of furrow surface seal formation and surge irrigation (intermittent flow) on furrow infiltration into a Portneuf silt loam soil was measured with a recirculating infiltrometer. When the formation of a surface seal was prevented by a layer of cheesecloth laid on the furrow perimeter, flow interruption increased furrow bed bulk density by 100 kg/m3 and decreased infiltration by 25% compared to constant flow. However, on this highly erodible soil, the surface seal which formed on an unprotected perimeter during irrigation reduced infiltration rates by over 50% compared to furrows with a cheesecloth layer. Flow interruption did not increase soil consolidation or decrease infiltration when the normal seal was allowed to form. On the tested soil, surface sealing overshadows the effects of flow interruption on infiltration. RP TROUT, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RES SERV,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 34 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FK325 UT WOS:A1991FK32500013 ER PT J AU BENOIT, GR VANSICKLE, KA AF BENOIT, GR VANSICKLE, KA TI OVERWINTER SOIL-TEMPERATURE PATTERNS UNDER 6 TILLAGE-RESIDUE COMBINATIONS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article ID WATER; CORN; SYSTEMS; FROST AB The effect on soil temperature of three tillage systems (fall plow, fall chisel, and no-till), each with and without corn residue were studied over three winters (1984-85, 1985-86 and 1986-87). Temperature measurements were taken on an hourly basis at soil depths of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.30 m during 1984-85 and 1985-86 and at 0.05, 0.15, and 0.30 m during 1986-87. During winter months, soil temperatures were found to be a function of residue level and snow cover with highest temperatures being found in the no-till residue treatment. Little difference was found between temperature in fall plow and fall chisel plots, both of which had lower temperatures than found in the no till plots. Little difference in temperature was noted among treatments during a winter of little snowfall, indicating that treatment effects on snow accumulation influence soil temperature more than either tillage or residue level alone. The no-till residue treatment became frost-free in the spring 10 to 30 days before other treatments and tended to have slightly higher temperatures until just before spring corn planting the first week in May. RP BENOIT, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 34 IS 1 BP 86 EP 90 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FK325 UT WOS:A1991FK32500016 ER PT J AU BONTA, JV VANECHO, TA RICCA, VT AF BONTA, JV VANECHO, TA RICCA, VT TI EROSION AND RUNOFF CONTROL USING BULLDOZER IMPRINTS ON SURFACE-MINE SPOIL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE RUNOFF; EROSION CONTROL; SURFACE MINING AB Bare surface-mined areas are susceptible to severe erosion and erosion-control practices are required, especially when vegetative cover is being established. A study using simulated rainfall was conducted to evaluate the effects of three erosion-control treatments which manipulate microtopography and can be easily applied with a track-type bulldozer. Treatments were evaluated in which spoil was backbladed, and track cleat marks were imprinted in spoil parallel and perpendicular to the slope (corresponding to bulldozer movement perpendicular and parallel to the slope direction, respectively). Tracks imprinted along the contour of the slope were effective in controlling erosion during a series of three severe storms, but runoff control diminished as the storms were applied. Backbladed plots yielded the highest runoff and soil losses. Operating bulldozers to imprint track marks along the contour on long slopes (bulldozer movement up and down the slope) should be done with a supporting practice, such as diversions. RP BONTA, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXPTL WATERSHED,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 34 IS 1 BP 97 EP 105 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FK325 UT WOS:A1991FK32500018 ER PT J AU WESLEY, RA SMITH, LA AF WESLEY, RA SMITH, LA TI RESPONSE OF SOYBEAN TO DEEP TILLAGE WITH CONTROLLED TRAFFIC ON CLAY SOIL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CLAY; CONTROLLED TRAFFIC; DEEP TILLAGE; SOIL COMPACTION; SOYBEAN YIELDS ID IRRIGATION; COTTON; YIELD AB A three-year field study was conducted on a Tunica clay (clayey over loamy, montmorillonitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Haplaquept) to evaluate the combined effects of deep tillage and controlled traffic on soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) yield and on the soil moisture availability. In an irrigated environment, yields from all deep-tilled treatments were statistically similar to yields from conventional disked check treatments. Moisture sensors located at the 15 and 45 cm depths in the irrigated plots indicated moisture tension in all treatments was maintained at less than 1 bar in 1987 and near 2 bars in 1988. However, in the nonirrigated environment where moisture deficits and subsequent plant stress were a function of the rainfall patterns, yields from all deep-tilled treatments were statistically similar and 73% higher than yield from the nonirrigated check treatment in 1987 and 132% higher in 1988. Moisture tension in the check treatment of the nonirrigated environment in 1987 and 1988 was noticeably higher than all deep-tilled treatments during reproductive stages R3 to R6. The higher moisture stress in 1987 and 1988 significantly reduced soybean yields and number of seed produced in the check treatment. RP WESLEY, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 34 IS 1 BP 113 EP 119 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FK325 UT WOS:A1991FK32500020 ER PT J AU PARSONS, JE SKAGGS, RW DOTY, CW AF PARSONS, JE SKAGGS, RW DOTY, CW TI DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF A WATER MANAGEMENT MODEL (WATRCOM) - DEVELOPMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE DRAINAGE; WATERSHED; CHANNELS; HYDROLOGIC MODELING; WATER TABLE; WATRCOM ID INFILTRATION; SOIL; FLOW AB Drainage is required in many agricultural watersheds in the southeastern United States for flood prevention and to sustain agricultural production. These drainage improvements often increase the severity of summer droughts by lowering water tables. A computer simulation model, WATRCOM, has been developed to assist in evaluating drainage improvements and the feasibility of using channel water level control. A finite element solution of the Boussinesq equation coupled with water balances in the unsaturated soil and on the surface is used to simulate water movement in three dimensions. Varying soil types and boundary conditions in land areas with irregular drainage channel networks can be considered. Model results are compared to published solutions for drainage to parallel drains. Solutions are also presented for flow in regions near intersecting drains and compared to solutions in regions with parallel drains. C1 USDA ARS,FLORENCE,SC. RP PARSONS, JE (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 34 IS 1 BP 120 EP 128 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FK325 UT WOS:A1991FK32500021 ER PT J AU HAUSER, VL JONES, OR AF HAUSER, VL JONES, OR TI RUNOFF CURVE NUMBERS FOR THE SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE HYDROLOGY; WHEAT; SORGHUM; FALLOW; TERRACES; RAINFALL; WATER QUALITY; EROSION; RUNOFF VOLUME AB Rainfall produces significant amounts of surface runoff from cultivated drylands of the western Great Plains. Currently, engineers must extrapolate runoff data from more humid regions to estimate runoff from farm fields. Runoff data are now available from a 32-year record in the semiarid, western Great Plains. We derived curve numbers (CN) for the Soil Conservation Service curve number method for three field-sized watersheds that were dryland-farmed in a wheat-sorghum-fallow crop sequence. The watershed soils are classified in hydrologic group D. The CNs for wheat and sorghum should be 79 and 82, respectively (handbook CN are both 80). The single handbook CN for fallow (90) is too high; it should be 77 for fallow after wheat and 82 for fallow after sorghum. These new CNs should improve computer model predictions of runoff, erosion and water quality, and provide more accurate estimates of runoff volume for use in designing conservation structures, water supply, flood control, and numerous other uses. C1 USDA ARS,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. RP HAUSER, VL (reprint author), USDA ARS,TEMPLE,TX 76503, USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 34 IS 1 BP 142 EP 148 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FK325 UT WOS:A1991FK32500024 ER PT J AU FRYREAR, DW STOUT, JE HAGEN, LJ VORIES, ED AF FRYREAR, DW STOUT, JE HAGEN, LJ VORIES, ED TI WIND EROSION - FIELD MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL; WIND EROSION; MEASUREMENT; SENSORS ID DUST SAMPLER; SAND AB Wind erosion researchers need field equipment and techniques for asertaining threshold wind velocities and the amount and vertical distribution of the eroded soil particles. To detect moving soil particles and field erosion, sensors and soil samplers to measure surface creep and airborne particles have been developed. A power expression will describe the variation in amounts of suspended material to a 2-m height. The quantity of material (f) and height of material (y) within the salation zone can be explained by the expression f = fo(1-y/sigma)beta where "fo" is surface creep, sigma is height below which 50% of the total mass flow occurs in the saltation process, and beta is the slope of the line. With this equipment and the analytical techniques described, the wind erosion process can be studied in the field, and the effectiveness of wind erosion control systems can be evaluated. C1 NEREC,KEISER,AR. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP FRYREAR, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIG SPRING,TX 79720, USA. NR 26 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 34 IS 1 BP 155 EP 160 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FK325 UT WOS:A1991FK32500026 ER PT J AU GREIMAN, HL AF GREIMAN, HL BE Loft, ER TI PARTNERSHIPS IN RESOURCE POLICY AND LEGISLATION - A FEDERAL PERSPECTIVE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE WESTERN SECTION OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY, VOL 27, 1991 SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE WESTERN SECTION OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Western-Section of the Wildlife-Society CY FEB 07-09, 1991 CL SACRAMENTO, CA SP WILDLIFE SOC, W SECT C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW REGION,SACRAMENTO,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE SOC WESTERN SECTION PI SACRAMENTO PA PO BOX 2567, SACRAMENTO, CA 95812 SN 0893-214X J9 T W SEC WIL PY 1991 VL 27 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BB01J UT WOS:A1991BB01J00002 ER PT S AU KIE, JG AF KIE, JG BE Loft, ER TI WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK GRAZING ALTERNATIVES IN THE SIERRA-NEVADA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE WESTERN SECTION OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY, VOL 27, 1991 SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE WESTERN SECTION OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Western-Section of the Wildlife-Society CY FEB 07-09, 1991 CL SACRAMENTO, CA SP WILDLIFE SOC, W SECT C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,FRESNO,CA 93710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC WESTERN SECTION PI SACRAMENTO PA PO BOX 2567, SACRAMENTO, CA 95812 SN 0893-214X J9 T W SEC WIL PY 1991 VL 27 BP 17 EP 29 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BB01J UT WOS:A1991BB01J00003 ER PT J AU ALBAN, DH PERALA, DA JURGENSEN, MF OSTRY, ME PROBST, JR AF ALBAN, DH PERALA, DA JURGENSEN, MF OSTRY, ME PROBST, JR TI ASPEN ECOSYSTEM PROPERTIES IN THE UPPER GREAT-LAKES SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article RP ALBAN, DH (reprint author), N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1991 IS 300 BP 1 EP 47 PG 47 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HT641 UT WOS:A1991HT64100001 ER PT J AU SMITH, WB AF SMITH, WB TI ASSESSING REMOVALS FOR NORTH CENTRAL FOREST INVENTORIES SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE UTILIZATION; PRODUCTS; WOOD-USING MILLS; GROWING STOCK AB Discusses methods used by the Forest Inventory and Analysis Unit for estimating timer removals. Presents the relationship of timber utilization studies, primary timber mill studies, and forest inventory data. RP SMITH, WB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST INVENTORY & ANALYSIS UNIT,ST PAULS,MN 55108, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1991 IS 299 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GX135 UT WOS:A1991GX13500001 ER PT J AU STRONG, T HANSEN, EA AF STRONG, T HANSEN, EA TI RESPONSE OF 3 POPULUS SPECIES TO DROUGHT SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE GROWTH; IRRIGATION; CLONE; DROUGHT STRESS RP STRONG, T (reprint author), N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1991 IS 302 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HT642 UT WOS:A1991HT64200001 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, MA STUROS, JA AF THOMPSON, MA STUROS, JA TI PERFORMANCE OF A PORTABLE CHAIN FLAIL DELIMBER DEBARKER PROCESSING NORTHERN HARDWOODS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE DELIMBING; DEBARKING; PROCESSORS; HARVESTING; CHIPPING AB Evaluates the performance of a Peterson Pacific 4800 chain flail delimber/debarker processing pole-size hardwoods in northern Michigan. Describes the productivity, cost, and delimbing/debarking quality achieved by the flail. RP THOMPSON, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,HOUGHTON,MI, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1991 IS 297 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA GW488 UT WOS:A1991GW48800001 ER PT J AU FLORA, DF ANDERSON, AL MCGINNIS, WJ AF FLORA, DF ANDERSON, AL MCGINNIS, WJ TI PACIFIC RIM SOFTWOOD LOG TRADE - DETERMINANTS AND TRENDS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE MARKETS (EXTERNAL); SUPPLY AND DEMAND (FOREST PRODUCTS); TRADE(PACIFIC RIM); LOG EXPORTS AB Pacific Rim trade in softwood logs amounts to about $3 billion annually, of which the U.S. share is about $2 billion. Log exporting is a significant part of the forest economy in the Pacific Northwest. The 10 major Pacific Rim log-trading client and competitor countries differ widely in their roles in trade and in their policies affecting the industry. RP FLORA, DF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA FOR SERV PNW RES STN PI PORTLAND PA 333 SW FIRST AVE, PO BOX 3890, PUBLICATIONS DEPT, PORTLAND, OR 97208 SN 0882-5165 J9 USDA FOR SERV PNW RE JI USDA For. Serv. Pac. Northwest Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 1991 IS 432 BP U1 EP 72 PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FD696 UT WOS:A1991FD69600001 ER PT J AU HICKMAN, CA CROWTHER, KD AF HICKMAN, CA CROWTHER, KD TI ECONOMIC-IMPACTS OF CURRENT-USE ASSESSMENT OF RURAL LAND IN THE EAST TEXAS PINEYWOODS REGION SO USDA FOREST SERVICE SOUTHERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article AB Texas established a program of current-use property tax assessment in 1966 when voters approved a constitutional amendment providing that selected agricultural land could be taxed on this basis. In 1978 the program was expanded to include certain timberland. These current-use initiatives were studied in the east Texas pineywoods region to: (1) estimate the extent of adoption by qualifying property owners, (2) estimate the effects on assessments and taxes of enrolled land, (3) estimate the impacts on revenues received by local governments, (4) estimate the effects on taxes borne by ineligible and nonparticipating property owners, and (5) evaluate the impacts on rural land use decisions. The study results, all pertaining to 1987, indicate that 86 percent of eligible land was enrolled. Nontimberland enrollments exceeded timberland enrollments, particularly in northeast Texas. On an average, timberland taxes dropped $10.03 per acre, and nontimberland taxes dropped $16.26 per acre. The average use value tax for timberland exceeded that for nontimberland - $2.74 as opposed to $1.44 per acre. Tax revenue and tax-shifting effects were both substantial when viewed alone but were not large compared to those arising from various tax exemptions authorized under Texas law. Of the revenue and tax-shifting effects directly attributable to current-use valuation, most stemmed from its extension to nontimberland. Findings pertaining to the impacts of current-use valuation on rural land use decisions were inconclusive. On the positive side, program withdrawals were not concentrated in appraisal districts where the threat of development was greatest. On the negative side, participation levels were somewhat less in more urbanized appraisal districts. RP HICKMAN, CA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU USDA FOR SERV SO FOR EXP STA PI NEW ORLEANS PA 701 LOYOLA AVE ROOM T-10210, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70113 SN 0502-5265 J9 USDA FOR SERV SO RES JI USDA For. Serv. South. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 1991 IS 261 BP U1 EP U21 PG 21 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EX750 UT WOS:A1991EX75000001 ER PT J AU SMITHERMAN, RO AF SMITHERMAN, RO TI UNITED-STATES-DEPARTMENT-OF-AGRICULTURE PERSPECTIVE SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP FOR MINOR USE DRUGS : FOCUS ON AQUACULTURE CY OCT 15-16, 1990 CL BETHESDA, MD SP US DEPT HHS US FDA, CTR VET MED, USDA, INTERREG PROJECT ANIM DRUG PROGRAM RP SMITHERMAN, RO (reprint author), USDA,COOPERAT STATE RES SERV,AEROSP BLDG,ROOM 330-E,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB KANSAS STATE UNIV PI MANHATTAN PA MANHATTAN, KS 66506 SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PY 1991 VL 33 SU 1 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA FU862 UT WOS:A1991FU86200005 PM 1926754 ER PT J AU GARRIS, GI AF GARRIS, GI TI CONTROL OF TICKS SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN DOG TICK; LONE STAR TICKS; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; BLACK-LEGGED TICK; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; RHIPICEPHALUS-SANGUINEUS; LABORATORY ASSAYS; EHRLICHIA-CANIS; UNITED-STATES; DOMESTIC DOGS RP GARRIS, GI (reprint author), USDA ARS,SPA,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,POB 232,KERRVILLE,TX 78029, USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0195-5616 J9 VET CLIN N AM-SMALL JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Small Anim. Pract. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP 173 EP 183 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EV028 UT WOS:A1991EV02800018 PM 2014621 ER PT J AU MILLER, JM AF MILLER, JM TI THE EFFECTS OF IBR VIRUS-INFECTION ON REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION OF CATTLE SO VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Although bovine herpesvirus-1 is recognized primarily as a respiratory pathogen, it also affects other tissues, including those of the reproductive tract. By familiarizing yourself with these effects, you will be more capable of recognizing the clinical signs of IBR. RP MILLER, JM (reprint author), USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL CATTLE RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU VETERINARY MEDICINE PUBL CO PI LENEXA PA 15333 W 95TH STREET, LENEXA, KS 66219 SN 8750-7943 J9 VET MED-US JI Vet. Med. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 86 IS 1 BP 95 EP 98 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EU230 UT WOS:A1991EU23000013 ER PT J AU PUGH, GW PHILLIPS, M TABATABAI, LB MCDONALD, TJ AF PUGH, GW PHILLIPS, M TABATABAI, LB MCDONALD, TJ TI UNRESPONSIVENESS OF VACCINATED BALB/C MICE TO A 2ND INOCULATION OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE FROM BRUCELLA-ABORTUS STRAIN-2308 SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL MURINE BRUCELLOSIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IMMUNOLOGICAL-UNRESPONSIVENESS; BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE; IMMUNE PROTECTION; 5 STRAINS; RESPONSES; IMMUNOGENICITY; INFECTION AB A study was conducted to determine whether the protection induced in mice by a primary inoculation of lipopolysaccharide from Brucella abortus would be enhanced by a second inoculation given at different time intervals. Protection was challenged by exposure of the mice to a virulent culture of B. abortus strain 2308. Reduced mean viable count and/or splenic weights were the criteria of protection. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the protective responses among mice given a single inoculation. Vaccinated mice were significantly (P < 0.05) better protected than were nonvaccinated mice. Mice given vaccinal inoculations simultaneous with challenge exposure were less protected (P < 0.001) than were mice vaccinated prior to challenge, but were better protected (P < 0.010) than were nonvaccinated mice. RP PUGH, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(91)90053-I PG 11 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA EX192 UT WOS:A1991EX19200017 PM 1902610 ER PT J AU JACKSON, MK KNOWLES, DP STEM, TA HARWOOD, WG ROBINSON, MM CHEEVERS, WP AF JACKSON, MK KNOWLES, DP STEM, TA HARWOOD, WG ROBINSON, MM CHEEVERS, WP TI GENETIC-STRUCTURE OF THE POL-ENV REGION OF THE CAPRINE ARTHRITIS ENCEPHALITIS LENTIVIRUS GENOME SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; VISNA VIRUS GENOME; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; GOATS; DNA; MACROPHAGES; MATURATION C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI07025]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR27680] NR 34 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN PY 1991 VL 180 IS 1 BP 389 EP 394 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90044-C PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA EP908 UT WOS:A1991EP90800043 PM 1845832 ER PT J AU CORWIN, DL WAGGONER, BL AF CORWIN, DL WAGGONER, BL TI TETRANS - A USER-FRIENDLY, FUNCTIONAL-MODEL OF SOLUTE TRANSPORT SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TRACE ELEMENTS; UNSATURATED FLOW; CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; HYDRAULIC BYPASS ID WATER-UPTAKE AB A beta-test version of TETrans (acronym for Trace Element Transport) is presented which models the movement of inorganic solutes through the vadose zone under transient-state conditions. TETrans is a complete software package consisting of an interactive tutorial, user's guide and applications software. Both IBM-compatible and Macintosh versions are available to users. TETrans is specifically designed to be intuitive in its operation and require only readily available input parameters in order to enhance its utility as a real-world applications tool for transport modeling. The transport model utilizes a mass-balance approach to determine solute concentration distributions over time and solute-loading to the groundwater. Several modeling options are available for simulating such transport-influencing factors as plant-water uptake, hydraulic bypass and adsorption. In the Macintosh version, TETrans makes full use of the Macintosh interface to enhance the user-friendliness of the model. All functions are available from pull-down menus, and simulation results are displayed in text and graphic windows. Test data are shown which include a comparison of simulated and measured results for the movement of chloride through a soil lysimeter column over a 900-day study period. Excellent agreement is found when a single parameter for bypass is used. TETrans is distinguished from other transport models in the straightforward manner in which it handles the exacerbating problem of hydraulic bypass. The hydraulic bypass parameter, termed the mobility coefficient, is determined from simple chemical analysis of chloride in the soil solution through the soil profile following the application of a plug of chloride in the irrigation water. The mobility coefficient reflects the volume of soil water which is not subject to piston displacement. RP CORWIN, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1991 VL 24 IS 6 BP 57 EP 65 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA FQ843 UT WOS:A1991FQ84300009 ER PT J AU BOUWER, H AF BOUWER, H TI ROLE OF GROUNDWATER RECHARGE IN TREATMENT AND STORAGE OF WASTE-WATER FOR REUSE SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON WASTEWATER RECLAMATION AND REUSE CY SEP 24-26, 1991 CL COSTA BRAVA, SPAIN DE WASTE-WATER REUSE; IRRIGATION; POTABLE REUSE; TREATMENT; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; SOIL-AQUIFER TREATMENT; PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE ID RAPID INFILTRATION; PROJECT AB Reuse of municipal wastewater requires treatment so that the water meets the quality requirements for the intended use. Irrigation of vegetables consumed raw requires absence of pathogenic organisms. To achieve this, fecal coliform concentrations should be essentially zero and the water should be filtered. This requires intensive treatment. For developing countries, however, where adequate sewage treatment often is lacking, the World Health Organization allows up to 1000 fecal coliform bacteria per 100 ml, which can be obtained by lagooning. Potable reuse requires much more intensive treatment, including lime clarification, denitrification, carbon adsorption, reverse osmosis, and disinfection. Where hydrogeologic conditions permit groundwater recharge with surface infiltration facilities, considerable water quality improvement is obtained by the movement of the wastewater through the soil, vadose zone, and aquifer. The resulting soil-aquifer treatment costs are less than 40% of the costs of equivalent in-plant treatment. Soil-aquifer treatment systems also are simple and robust, offer storage of the water to absorb differences between supply and demand, and enhance the aesthetics of potable reuse of wastewater. Hence, they can play an important role in wastewater reuse. RP BOUWER, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1991 VL 24 IS 9 BP 295 EP 302 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA GG191 UT WOS:A1991GG19100030 ER PT J AU BOUWER, H AF BOUWER, H TI GROUND-WATER RECHARGE WITH SEWAGE EFFLUENT SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SEWAGE EFFLUENT; WASTE-WATER REUSE; IRRIGATION; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; SOIL-AQUIFER TREATMENT; WATER QUALITY ID FLUSHING-MEADOWS PROJECT; RAPID-INFILTRATION; WASTEWATER; RENOVATION AB Sewage effluent is an excellent source of water for irrigation, especially in dry areas. Before it can be used for unrestricted irrigation, conventional treatment should be followed by treatment so that the water meets the agronomic, public health, and aesthetic requirements for unrestricted irrigation. This usually means reduction of nitrogen concentration to less than 10 mg/l, complete removal of pathogenic organisms, and essentially complete removal of suspended solids and biodegradable organic carbon. This can often be achieved with a groundwater recharge system, using the soil and aquifer materials as natural filters. Studies on two experimental projects in Phoenix showed that "soil-aquifer treatment" systems can reduce nitrogen concentrations from about 20 mg/l to about 7 mg/l, fecal coliform concentrations from about 3500 per 100 ml (chlorinated secondary effluent) to 0.3 per 100 ml, viruses from 21 plaque-forming units/1 to 0, suspended solids from 15 mg/l to 1 mg/l, and total organic carbon from 20 mg/l to 3 mg/l. The latter represents mostly the nondegradable carbon. Hydraulic loading rates for sands to loamy sands were about 300 ft/yr. Thus, 1 acre of infiltration basin can renovate about 300 af/year of sewage effluent. The renovated water should be removed from the aquifer to avoid its spread into high-quality native groundwater. RP BOUWER, H (reprint author), USDA,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1991 VL 23 IS 10-12 BP 2099 EP 2108 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA EN775 UT WOS:A1991EN77500040 ER PT J AU BUMAN, RA GEALY, DR OGG, AG AF BUMAN, RA GEALY, DR OGG, AG TI INHIBITION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN DOWNY BROME (BROMUS-TECTORUM) AND JOINTED GOATGRASS (AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA) PROTOPLASTS BY METRIBUZIN AND ITS ETHYLTHIO ANALOG SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TEMPERATURE; ETHYL-METRIBUZIN; BAY SMY 1500; ETHIOZIN; DPX-R7910 ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; CHLOROPLASTS; TEMPERATURE AB Inhibition of net photosynthesis of jointed goatgrass and downy brome protoplasts by metribuzin and its ethylthio analog (ethyl-metribuzin) was greater at 25 than at 10 C. As temperature increased from 10 to 25 C, the concentration of ethyl-metribuzin required to inhibit net photosynthesis 50% (I50) decreased by a factor of 3.5 and 4.3, respectively, in jointed goatgrass and downy brome. I50 values for metribuzin decreased by a factor of 1.5 and 2.5 in jointed goatgrass and downy brome, respectively, for the same 15 C increase in temperature. Based on I50 values at 10 C, metribuzin was nine times more inhibitory than ethyl-metribuzin in jointed goatgrass and eight times more inhibitory in downy brome. At 25 C, metribuzin was only 4.7 and 3.9 times more inhibitory than ethyl-metribuzin in jointed goatgrass and downy brome, respectively. Thus, cold temperatures reduced the activity of ethyl-metribuzin more than metribuzin. The activity of both herbicides was reduced less in protoplasts of jointed goatgrass than in protoplasts of downy brome over the 15 C range. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP BUMAN, RA (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 13 EP 17 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FD612 UT WOS:A1991FD61200003 ER PT J AU GEALY, DR SQUIER, SA OGG, AG AF GEALY, DR SQUIER, SA OGG, AG TI PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY OF MAYWEED CHAMOMILE (ANTHEMIS-COTULA) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COMPENSATION POINT; METRIBUZIN; TRANSPIRATION; MOISTURE DEFICIT; THYLAKOID BINDING; QUANTUM YIELD; LIGHT UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY; ANTCO ID GOATGRASS AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA; BROME BROMUS-TECTORUM; GAS-EXCHANGE; COMPENSATION CONCENTRATION; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE; METRIBUZIN; LEAVES; LIGHT; TRANSLOCATION AB Photosynthetic productivity parameters were determined for mayweed chamomile, a troublesome annual weed of the cropping systems in the Pacific Northwest. At a photosynthetic photon flux density of 1800-mu-E m-2 s-1, maximum net photosynthetic rate of greenhouse-grown plants was 35 mg CO2 dm-2 h-1 and maximum transpiration rate was 6.7-mu-g H2O cm-2 s-1. Dark respiration rate was 1.4 mg CO2 dm-2 h-1 and the light compensation point was 17.5-mu-E m-2 s-1. Carbon dioxide compensation point increased from 25 ppm at 15 C to 43 ppm at 30 C. At saturating photosynthetic photon flux densities, optimum leaf temperature for net photosynthesis was about 25 C. Maximum net photosynthesis of leaves of field-grown plants averaged 15.8 mg CO2 dm-2 h-1. After a 24-h exposure to 0.075 kg ha-1 metribuzin, maximum net photosynthesis and transpiration were reduced 85 and 40%, respectively. Soil water deficits reduced maximum net photosynthesis about 50%. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP GEALY, DR (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 18 EP 26 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FD612 UT WOS:A1991FD61200004 ER PT J AU RICHARD, EP AF RICHARD, EP TI SENSITIVITY OF SUGARCANE (SACCHARUM SP) TO GLYPHOSATE SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HERBICIDE DRIFT ID DRIFT; YIELD AB Field studies were conducted in Louisiana to determine growth and yield effects resulting from the accidental application of the isopropylamine formulation of glyphosate to sugarcane. Glyphosate at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 kg ae ha-1 was applied in water at 90 L ha-1 in May, June, and August. Sugar yields (kg ha-1) were reduced 44% when glyphosate was applied over the top of sugarcane at 0.2 kg ha-1 in June; similar reductions for the May and August applications required 0.4 kg ha-1. Reductions in sugar yield were primarily attributed to reductions in both cane yield and recoverable sugar in the crushed juice because stalk populations and stalk weights were lowered and immature stalks that survived contained less sugar. The recoverability of the subsequent ratoon crop was also affected, particularly when glyphosate was applied in May and June to the previous crop at rates of 0.4 kg ha-1 and higher. RP RICHARD, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,AGR RES SERV,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,POB 470,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 73 EP 77 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FD612 UT WOS:A1991FD61200014 ER PT J AU DONALD, WW PRATO, T AF DONALD, WW PRATO, T TI PROFITABLE, EFFECTIVE HERBICIDES FOR PLANTING-TIME WEED-CONTROL IN NO-TILL SPRING WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHLORSULFURON; CGA-131036; GLYPHOSATE; METSULFURON; SULFONYLUREA; KOCHIA-SCOPARIA; SINAPIS-ARVENSIS; KCHSC; SINAR ID THISTLE SALSOLA-IBERICA AB High herbicide costs and uncertainty about annual weed control at planting have limited adoption of no-till spring wheat production systems in the northern Great Plains. Chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron, and CGA-131036 at 10 to 20 g ai ha-1 plus nonionic surfactant generally controlled both emerged kochia and wild mustard equally well (> 80%) whether or not combined with glyphosate at 250 g ha-1 plus nonionic surfactant. In two of three trials persistent phytotoxic residues of these sulfonylurea herbicides in soil controlled both weeds better in midseason and early summer 1 yr after treatment than did glyphosate, which has only foliar activity. While the absolute net returns of different treatments varied among herbicides, relative net returns were insensitive to changes in either herbicide or wheat price. Herbicide use tended to boost net returns for no-till spring wheat in years with good weather but depressed net returns in a drought year. Chlorsulfuron at 10 and 20 g ha-1 increased net returns in all three trials. Metsulfuron and combinations of either metsulfuron or chlorsulfuron with glyphosate had variable effects on net returns. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & WEED SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGR ECON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FD612 UT WOS:A1991FD61200016 ER PT J AU PETERSON, JK HARRISON, HF AF PETERSON, JK HARRISON, HF TI DIFFERENTIAL INHIBITION OF SEED-GERMINATION BY SWEET-POTATO (IPOMOEA-BATATAS) ROOT PERIDERM EXTRACTS SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALLELOPATHY; BIOASSAY; ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; AMARANTHUS-RETROFLEXUS; CASSIA-OCCIDENTALIS; ECLIPTA-ALBA; ELEUSINE-INDICA; IPOMOEA-PURPUREA; PANICUM-MILLIACEUM; SOLANUM-NIGRUM; SOLNI; CASOC; ECLAL; ELEIN; PANMI; AMARE; PHBPU; ABUTH ID SWEET-POTATO; CERATOCYSTIS-FIMBRIATA; IPOMEAMARONE; ALLELOPATHY; COMPONENTS; SORGHUM; PLANTS AB The effect of sequential hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous methanol extracts of 'Regal' sweetpotato periderm on seed germination of sweetpotato, proso millet, and seven weed species was studied. The hexane extract, which contained the nonpolar components of the periderm tissue, was least inhibitory. It inhibited velvetleaf, proso millet, black nightshade, and redroot pigweed germination, and maximum inhibition was 56% for black nightshade at 200 mg of periderm extracted ml-1. The ethyl acetate fraction was inhibitory to proso millet, velvetleaf, black nightshade, goosegrass, tall morningglory, coffee senna, and redroot pigweed. The estimated I50(3) for ethyl acetate ranged from 17 mg periderm extracted ml-1 for black nightshade to 201 mg ml-1 for coffee senna. Sweetpotato, tall morningglory, and eclipta germination was not inhibited by this extract at the concentrations tested. The aqueous methanol extract was much more inhibitory than the hexane or ethyl acetate extracts, and there was considerable variation between species in response to this extract. The I50 estimates for the aqueous methanol extract were 0.5, 0.6, 2.8, 4.4, 5.1, 9.6, 15.7, 21.0, and 25.8 mg ml-1 for velvetleaf, proso millet, black nightshade, goosegrass, sweetpotato, tall morningglory, eclipta, coffee senna, and pigweed, respectively. RP PETERSON, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HWY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 119 EP 123 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FD612 UT WOS:A1991FD61200021 ER PT J AU LYBECKER, DW SCHWEIZER, EE KING, RP AF LYBECKER, DW SCHWEIZER, EE KING, RP TI WEED MANAGEMENT DECISIONS IN CORN BASED ON BIOECONOMIC MODELING SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INTERDISCIPLINARY WEED RESEARCH; WEED SEED BANKS; GROSS MARGIN; HERBICIDE USE ID SYSTEMS AB A fixed (conventional) weed management strategy in corn was compared to three other strategies (two mixed and one flexible) in terms of weed control, grain yield, gross margin (gross income minus herbicide treatment costs), and herbicide use under furrow irrigation for four consecutive years. The fixed strategy prespecified preplanting, preemergence, postemergence, and layby herbicides. The flexible strategy herbicide treatments were specified by a computer bioeconomic model. Model decisions were based on weed seed in soil before planting, weed densities after corn emergence, herbicide costs, expected corn grain yield and selling price, and other parameters. The two mixed strategies were a combination of fixed and flexible strategies and designated either specified soil-applied herbicides (mixed/soil), or no soil-applied herbicide (mixed/no soil); post-emergence treatments were determined by the model. Average corn grain yield was 10 280 kg ha-1 and gross income was 920 $ ha-1 and neither differed among strategies. Total weed density and gross margin were significantly higher for the mixed/no soil and flexible strategies compared to the mixed/soil and fixed strategies. Total weed density averaged 28 720, 28 100, 10 910, and 680 plants ha-1 for the mixed/no soil, flexible, mixed/soil, and fixed strategies, respectively. Annual gross margins for the four strategies averaged 885, 875, 845, and 810 $ ha-1, respectively. Herbicide use over the 4-yr period for these four strategies averaged 3.8, 5.3, 20.5, and 26.9 kg ha-1, respectively, and each value differed from the other. Thus, weeds can be managed in corn, gross margins increased, and herbicide use decreased by employing a bioeconomic weed-corn model to make weed management decisions. C1 USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGR & APPL ECON,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP LYBECKER, DW (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR & RESOURCE ECON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 8 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 124 EP 129 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FD612 UT WOS:A1991FD61200022 ER PT J AU DONALD, WW OGG, AG AF DONALD, WW OGG, AG TI BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF JOINTED GOATGRASS (AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA) - A REVIEW SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE DISTRIBUTION; HERBICIDE; PHENOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; TAXONOMY; WINTER WHEAT; AEGCY AB Jointed goatgrass is a winter annual grass weed which is believed to have been introduced into North America as a contaminant in winter wheat seed. Although jointed goatgrass was first discovered in some states early in the 20th century, changing wheat production practices during the past 25 yr have encouraged its spread and increase. Winter wheat producers in the western United States are concerned about the lack of adequate selective control measures for this weed. Jointed goatgrass and wheat share the D chromosome in common and have similar growth habits. Jointed goatgrass lowers winter wheat yield by competing for growth requirements, reducing harvesting efficiency, and lowering crop quality by contaminating harvested grain. Jointed goatgrass is well adapted to stubble-mulch or reduced tillage crop production, particularly in regions where climate limits cropping options to the winter wheat-fallow rotation or continuous wheat. This review summarizes jointed goatgrass seed germination, dormancy, physiology, yield loss estimates in winter wheat, and both herbicidal and non-chemical methods of managing jointed goatgrass. RP DONALD, WW (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 0 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 14 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 3 EP 17 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FK004 UT WOS:A1991FK00400001 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, MC AF WILLIAMS, MC TI 20-YEAR CONTROL OF CALIFORNIA FALSE-HELLEBORE SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LILIACEAE; POISONOUS PLANT; VERATRUM-CALIFORNICUM; VEACA AB Experimental plots treated with 2,4-D amine at 2.2 kg ae ha-1 in 1968 and 1969 to control California false-hellebore were evaluated in July 1989 to determine long-term control of California false-hellebore, changes in foliar cover, and increases in production of desirable species. Control of California false-hellebore was 100% on all treated plots. The foliar cover on treated plots averaged 78% grasses and sedge, 20% broadleaf plants, and no California false-hellebore. Control plots averaged 85% California false-hellebore, 10% grasses and sedge, and 4.5% broadleaf plants. Vegetative production of grasses and sedge was 3.8 times greater on treated plots compared with controls. RP WILLIAMS, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 40 EP 42 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FK004 UT WOS:A1991FK00400006 ER PT J AU BUHLER, DD AF BUHLER, DD TI EARLY PREPLANT ATRAZINE AND METOLACHLOR IN CONSERVATION TILLAGE CORN (ZEA-MAYS) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHISEL PLOW; NO-TILL; ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; SETARIA-FABERI; ABUTH; SETFA AB Field research was conducted at Arlington, WI in 1984 and 1985 to determine the influence of application timing on weed control with atrazine and metolachlor in conservation tillage corn production systems. Early preplant treatments controlled fewer weeds than preemergence or early preplant/preemergence sequential treatments in a chisel plow system. Velvetleaf control was only 50% late in the growing season with early preplant atrazine compared with 88% with an early preplant/preemergence sequential treatment of the same amount of atrazine. In the notill system, early preplant applications of atrazine and/or metolachlor had reduced weed control late in the growing season compared with preemergence and early preplant/preemergence sequential treatments of the same amount of herbicide. Giant foxtail control 110 d after corn planting was only 73% with an early preplant treatment compared with 99% when the same amount of herbicide was evenly divided between early preplant and preemergence applications. RP BUHLER, DD (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON PLANT GENET,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 66 EP 71 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FK004 UT WOS:A1991FK00400011 ER PT J AU COFFMAN, CB FRANK, JR AF COFFMAN, CB FRANK, JR TI WEED-CROP RESPONSES TO WEED MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS IN CONSERVATION TILLAGE CORN (ZEA-MAYS) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE WEED-CROP ECOLOGY; WEED SHIFTS; ESTABLISHED WEEDS; PERENNIAL WEEDS; COMPETITION; GRAIN YIELD AB Continuous corn was grown for 5 consecutive yr using conservation tillage methods in the Maryland Piedmont. Herbicide treatments were applied annually at common usage rates and were compared for their effects on weed cover, species stability, and grain production. Weed flora dominance shifted from giant foxtail the first year to smooth pigweed the following year. Smooth pigweed then dominated the flora for the duration of the study. Horsenettle was ubiquitous in all treatments but never became competitive. Canada thistle occurred in measurable densities in all plots that had not received atrazine applied preemergence. Grain yields were correlated negatively with densities of smooth pigweed in 1983 (r = 0.58, P = 0.01), and Canada thistle in 1983 and 1984 (r = 0.63 and -0.62, respectively; P = 0.05). Grain yields were correlated positively with midseason precipitation (r = 0.85, P = 0.01). RP COFFMAN, CB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 76 EP 81 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FK004 UT WOS:A1991FK00400013 ER PT J AU DAIGLE, DJ COTTY, PJ AF DAIGLE, DJ COTTY, PJ TI FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE GERMINATION AND MYCOHERBICIDAL ACTIVITY OF ALTERNARIA-CASSIAE SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; PH; POTATO DEXTROSE BROTH; CASOB AB The influences of pH, surfactants, and nutrients on germination were investigated to develop a basis for improvement of Alternaria cassiae mycoherbicide formulations. In vitro results indicated that a formulation with a pH of approximately 6.5 containing 0.1 to 1% Tween 80, 0.02 M potassium phosphate buffer, and 1% dehydrated potato dextrose broth best promoted germination. Sicklepod plants at the 2 to 3 true-leaf stage were sprayed with test solutions, incubated in the dark at 100% relative humidity (28 C) for 6 h, and placed in a growth chamber maintained at 30 C. Assessment of the plants after 2 d indicated that the ability of the formulation components to induce germination of Alternaria cassiae in vitro corresponded well with their ability to improve infection of sicklepod seedlings. RP DAIGLE, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 82 EP 86 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FK004 UT WOS:A1991FK00400014 ER PT J AU HEATHERLY, LG ELMORE, CD AF HEATHERLY, LG ELMORE, CD TI GRASS WEED-CONTROL FOR SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX) ON CLAY SOIL SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CROP HEIGHT; SOYBEAN YIELD; UNDISTURBED SEEDBED; WEED COVER; DINOSEB; FLUAZIFOP; LINURON; METOLACHLOR; METRIBUZIN; TRIFLURALIN; 2,4-DB; BRACHIARIA-RAMOSA; ECHINOCHLOA-CRUS-GALLI; LEPTOCHLOA-FILIFORMIS; SORGHUM-HALEPENSE; ECHCG; LEFFI; PANRA; SORHA AB Field studies were conducted for four consecutive years to determine if repeated applications of trifluralin (preplant incorporated), metolachlor (preemergence), and fluazifop (postemergence) herbicides alone or combined could be utilized in soybean to effectively control grass weed populations and maintain optimum yield in an irrigated environment where metribuzin plus dinoseb (preemergence) and 2,4-DB plus linuron (postemergence) were used as a standard weed control system. After repeated applications each year, all treatments maintained similar yields that were no different from yields obtained from the standard system. Grass weed infestation did not increase significantly in the treatment that received only the standard weed control herbicides over the duration of the study. RP HEATHERLY, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOYBEAN PROD RES UNIT,POB 343,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 103 EP 107 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FK004 UT WOS:A1991FK00400018 ER PT J AU HANKS, JE MCWHORTER, CG AF HANKS, JE MCWHORTER, CG TI VARIABLES AFFECTING THE USE OF POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS TO APPLY HERBICIDES IN ULTRALOW VOLUME SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIR-ASSIST; HERBICIDE APPLICATION; LOW VOLUME; PARAFFINIC OIL AB Water and paraffinic oils were used to determine variables that affect positive displacement pumps used to meter liquid flow in an air-assist spray system. Components needed to construct an air-assist spray system were described for use in spray chambers and on a tractor for field application of herbicides in ultralow volume (ULV). The flow rate of the pump varied less than 2% for the water and oil as the pump setting was varied from 0 to 100% of the pump's capacity. Linear relationships were shown for both liquids as the voltage input varied from 4 to 13 volts. Air pressures to 100 kPa and liquid temperatures to 35 C did not affect flow rate of the pump. Volume median diameter of the spray droplets decreased from 295-mu-m to 77-mu-m and 159-mu-m to 85-mu-m for water and paraffinic oil, respectively, as the air pressure was adjusted from 14 to 110 kPa. RP HANKS, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,FIELD CROPS MECH RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 111 EP 116 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FK004 UT WOS:A1991FK00400020 ER PT J AU BRYSON, CT CROOM, EM AF BRYSON, CT CROOM, EM TI HERBICIDE INPUTS FOR A NEW AGRONOMIC CROP, ANNUAL WORMWOOD (ARTEMISIA-ANNUA) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARTEMISININ; ANTIMALARIAL DRUG; WEED CONTROL; CROP PRODUCTION SYSTEM; ARTAN AB Annual wormwood has been cultivated on a small scale for production of the artemisinin class of antimalarial drugs in sufficient quantities for preclinical and clinical trials. Large scale cultivation will require a reliable, efficient crop production system. Production systems using 32 herbicides alone or in combinations were evaluated in growth chamber, greenhouse, and field experiments at Stoneville, MS from 1985 through 1988. The herbicide treatments that provided the best weed control were (A) metolachlor at 2.2 kg ai ha-1 preemergence (PRE), (B) chloramben at 2.2 kg ai ha-1 (PRE), or (C) trifluralin at 0.6 kg ai ha-1 preplant soil incorporated (PPI) followed by fluazifop at 0.2 + 0.2 kg ai ha-1 postemergence broadcast (POST) and acifluorfen at 0.6 kg ai ha-1 (POST). These herbicide production systems provided excellent weed control (greater-than-or-equal-to 85%) and minimal crop injury (less-than-or-equal-to 10%) with no effect on crop height or weight at harvest. Production of artemisinin was not reduced by herbicide treatments A, B, and C in 1987 and treatments B and C in 1988 when compared with the hand-weeded plots. RP BRYSON, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 117 EP 124 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FK004 UT WOS:A1991FK00400021 ER PT J AU CARDINA, J BRECKE, BJ AF CARDINA, J BRECKE, BJ TI FLORIDA BEGGARWEED (DESMODIUM-TORTUOSUM) GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN PEANUTS (ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHENOLOGY; MODELING; CANOPY DEVELOPMENT; COMPETITION AB Temporal changes in factors that contribute to the competitiveness of Florida beggarweed in peanuts were studied in 1986 and 1987. Florida beggarweed leaves were unifoliate to the ninth node and trifoliolate thereafter. Peanuts grew taller than Florida beggarweed until the R-3 stage of peanuts, after which Florida beggarweed height increased logarithmically. Florida beggarweed branching was suppressed by the peanut canopy until the weed overtopped the peanuts. Florida beggarweed dry weight was reduced 80% by peanuts compared with Florida beggarweed grown alone. Peanuts reduced Florida beggarweed leaf area and canopy area. Percent light attenuation as a function of Florida beggarweed canopy area was described by the equation Y = 1nX/25.5. Peanut yields in 60 cm of row on either side of a single Florida beggarweed plant were reduced 19%. RP CARDINA, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXP STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 147 EP 153 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FK004 UT WOS:A1991FK00400026 ER PT J AU JOHNSEN, TN AF JOHNSEN, TN TI TEBUTHIURON EFFECTS ON ELEMENTAL NUTRIENTS IN BLUE GRAMA (BOUTELOUA-GRACILIS) FORAGE SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GRASS; HERBICIDE AB Tebuthiuron has been found in soils and plants a decade after application to rangelands in semi-arid areas. Forage production, length of growing season, and preference by grazing animals are greater on treated than on untreated areas. It is not understood how these differences occur. Blue grama forage was assayed for concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn in treated and untreated plants on adjacent paired plots in the field, 6 to 11 yr after tebuthiuron applications at three locations in Arizona. Only Fe and Mn concentration differed among treatments, being significantly higher (P = 0.05) in blue grama from treated plots. RP JOHNSEN, TN (reprint author), USDA ARS,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 194 EP 197 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FK004 UT WOS:A1991FK00400034 ER PT J AU MEYER, RE BOVEY, RW AF MEYER, RE BOVEY, RW TI RESPONSE OF YANKEEWEED (EUPATORIUM-COMPOSITIFOLIUM) AND ASSOCIATED PASTURE PLANTS TO HERBICIDES SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Note DE PASPALUM-NOTATUM; CYNODON-DACTYLON; CASSIA-FASCICULATA; CROTON-CAPITATUS; PASNO; CYNDA; CASFA; CVNCP AB Eleven herbicides applied in May, were evaluated for yankeeweed control in East-Central Texas. Yankeeweed cover 1 yr later was reduced to 5% or less by 0.28 kg ha-1 of picloram; 0.56 kg ha-1 of clopyralid, glyphosate, or dicamba; 0.28 + 0.84 kg ha-1 of dicamba + 2,4-D, and 1.1 kg ha-1 triclopyr compared with 30% cover in the untreated area. Chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron at 0.07 kg ha-1 reduced yankeeweed cover to 12 and 7%, respectively. Dalapon, 2,4-D, and tebuthiuron were relatively ineffective. Most herbicides, reduced woolly croton cover within 1 mo after treatment compared to the untreated areas, but 2,4-D at 0.28 kg ha-1 and chlorsulfuron at 0.02 kg ha-1 and 0.07 kg ha-1 were most effective after 4 mo. All herbicides, except dalapon at 1.1 kg ha-1 or less and most rates of 2,4-D and tebuthiuron, reduced partidgepea cover during the year of application. Total grass cover was increased 4 and 12 mo following treatment with clopyralid, picloram, dicamba, and triclopyr. On separate sites, bahiagrass and coastal bermudagrass accounted for most of the increased grass cover. RP MEYER, RE (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,USDA ARS,DEPT RANGE SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 214 EP 217 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FK004 UT WOS:A1991FK00400039 ER PT J AU MUELLERWARRANT, GW AF MUELLERWARRANT, GW TI FORMAT OF A WEED-CONTROL DATABASE SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PERSONAL COMPUTER; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; DOSE RESPONSE EQUATIONS; GROWTH STAGE; NOEL AB Access to detailed descriptions of the effects of applying specific rates of herbicides to crops and weeds in various growth stages is hampered by the format in which the relevant information is stored. Compared to traditional formats of journal articles and herbicide registration labels, computer database systems could easily cross-reference data from large numbers of experiments and answer specific questions concerning herbicide performance under particular conditions. Availability of this type of information could have far-reaching consequences for herbicide users, consultants, researchers, and regulators. A preliminary format for storing weed control information in IBM-PC compatible computers was developed, including procedures to enter data and retrieve information. Weed control efficacy or crop injury data for all rates of a herbicide or tank-mixture applied at a specific growth stage in a single test are used to generate dose/response equations by means of regression analysis routines. The best fitting of these equations is then used to estimate herbicide rates that would provide ten categories of control, ranging from a "no observable effect level" (NOEL) up to complete control. Rates are estimated only for those categories either within or bordering the range of the observed data, the remaining categories are empty. The estimated rates are stored in the database, along with the original data and other qualifying information. Access to information is organized around searches for a single herbicide, plant species, or pair of species. Search output is presented in a tabular format listing species, growth stage, herbicide name, and herbicide rates for the ten categories: NOEL, 10, 30, 50, 70, 83, 90, 95, 98, and 100% control or injury. RP MUELLERWARRANT, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAT FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 221 EP 228 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FK004 UT WOS:A1991FK00400041 ER PT J AU RALPHS, MH MICKELSEN, LV EVANS, JO DEWEY, SA AF RALPHS, MH MICKELSEN, LV EVANS, JO DEWEY, SA TI SELECTIVE APPLICATION OF GLYPHOSATE FOR CONTROL OF LARKSPURS (DELPHINIUM-SPP) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE POISONOUS PLANT; SELECTIVE APPLICATION AB Glyphosate effectively kills duncecap and tall larkspur on mountain rangelands but it is nonselective and kills all other vegetation it contacts. Two selective application methods to treat individual plants were compared to demonstrate their efficacy in controlling larkspur and their effect on associated plant species: (1) spot spray with glyphosate concentration at 2% product solution (0.8% ai); (2) hand held wiper applicator with glyphosate concentration at 33% production solution (13.5% ai). The two methods were equally effective in killing most of the larkspur plants, but the sprayer applicator was more rapid and easier to apply. Neither method adversely affected foliar cover of associated perennial species. Glyphosate must be applied to the entire plant to ensure its mortality. RP RALPHS, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 229 EP 231 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FK004 UT WOS:A1991FK00400042 ER PT J AU DAWSON, JH AF DAWSON, JH TI STRIVE FOR READER-FRIENDLY WRITING SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP DAWSON, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 256 EP 256 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FK004 UT WOS:A1991FK00400047 ER PT J AU VOLLRATH, TL AF VOLLRATH, TL TI A THEORETICAL EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE TRADE INTENSITY MEASURES OF REVEALED COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE SO WELTWIRTSCHAFTLICHES ARCHIV-REVIEW OF WORLD ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID INDEXES RP VOLLRATH, TL (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 22 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 7 PU J C B MOHR PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2040, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0043-2636 J9 WELTWIRTSCH ARCH JI Weltwirtsch. Arch.-Rev. World Econ. PY 1991 VL 127 IS 2 BP 265 EP 280 DI 10.1007/BF02707986 PG 16 WC Economics; International Relations SC Business & Economics; International Relations GA FX874 UT WOS:A1991FX87400003 ER PT J AU HEATWOLE, EL WOESTE, FE GREEN, DW AF HEATWOLE, EL WOESTE, FE GREEN, DW TI ALLOWABLE BENDING STRENGTH ENHANCEMENT OF 2 BY 4 LUMBER BY TENSION AND COMPRESSION PROOFLOADING SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LUMBER; PROOFLOADING; PROOF TEST; BENDING; TENSION; COMPRESSION; HEM-FIR; SOUTHERN PINE ID RELIABILITY-ANALYSIS; DAMAGE; LOADS AB Simple 5th percentile and reliability analysis methods were used to evaluate increases in allowable bending strength from proofloading in tension and compression. The analysis included the use of realistic load data for residential roof and floor trusses, and combined stress present in truss chords was given consideration as part of the reliability analysis. Proofloading in tension or in compression both produced significant increases in allowable bending strength for 2 by 4 1650f-1.5E hem-fir. Proofloading in tension to a target 15% breakage level, or 2,838 psi, yielded for the survivors an increase of 72% in allowable bending strength. The allowable bending strength increased 60% because of compressive proofloading to a target 15% breakage level. Since relatively small sample sizes were used, the results are not definite but provide justification for a comprehensive study. C1 US FOREST SERV,MADISON,WI 53705. RP HEATWOLE, EL (reprint author), VIRGINIA TECH,DEPT AGR ENGN,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA EW427 UT WOS:A1991EW42700001 ER PT J AU ROWELL, RM KEANY, FM AF ROWELL, RM KEANY, FM TI FIBERBOARDS MADE FROM ACETYLATED BAGASSE FIBER SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BAGASSE; ACETYLATION; FIBERBOARDS; WATER SWELLING; STRENGTH PROPERTIES; EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE CONTENT ID CHIPS AB Bagasse fiber was acetylated with acetic anhydride alone to various levels of acetyl weight gain. Acetylation causes the bagasse fiber to become more hydrophobic, as evidenced by a lowering of the equilibrium moisture content as the level of acetylation increased. Acetylated bagasse fiber and fiberboards made from acetylated fiber at acetyl weight gains of about 17% had an equilibrium moisture content of about one-third that of controls at all relative humidities tested. Fiberboards made from acetylated fiber swelled at a much slower rate and to a lesser extent as compared to control fiberboards. Internal bond strength was higher in acetylated fibreboards, while moduli of rupture and elasticity were slightly lower in acetylated boards than in control boards. C1 HAWAIIAN COMMERCIAL & SUGAR CO,MAUI,HI 96784. RP ROWELL, RM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 6 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 23 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA EW427 UT WOS:A1991EW42700002 ER PT J AU CHRISTIANSEN, AW AF CHRISTIANSEN, AW TI HOW OVERDRYING WOOD REDUCES ITS BONDING TO PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE ADHESIVES - A CRITICAL-REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE .2. CHEMICAL-REACTIONS SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE DRYING; INACTIVATION; ADHESIVE; BONDING; REVIEW; EXTRACTIVES; MECHANISM; WETTABILITY; OXIDATION; ACIDITY ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; EXTRACTIVES; ACTIVATION AB Literature dealing with the effect of excessive drying (overdrying) on wood surface inactivation to bonding is reviewed in two parts and critically evaluated, primarily for phenolic adhesives. Part I of the review, published earlier, covers physical mechanisms that could contribute to surface inactivation. The principal physical mechanism is the migration to the surface of extractives that decrease wettability. Part II of the review considers mechanisms involving chemical interference with resin cure or bonding. In those cases where extractives are not the primary cause of inactivation, oxidation or pyrolysis probably is the major cause of inactivation. Inactivation of oak and of some Southeast Asian hardwoods may be due to the acidity of extractives, but the importance of decreased wettability caused by extractives cannot be dismissed. RP CHRISTIANSEN, AW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 48 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 23 IS 1 BP 69 EP 84 PG 16 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA EW427 UT WOS:A1991EW42700007 ER PT J AU FRIDLEY, KJ TANG, RC SOLTIS, LA AF FRIDLEY, KJ TANG, RC SOLTIS, LA TI MOISTURE EFFECTS ON LOAD-DURATION BEHAVIOR OF LUMBER .1. EFFECT OF CONSTANT RELATIVE-HUMIDITY SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LOAD-DURATION; FAILURE; RELATIVE HUMIDITY; MOISTURE CONTENT; LUMBER ID WESTERN HEMLOCK LUMBER; STRENGTH AB The effect of moisture content on the load-duration behavior for structural lumber is presented. Select Structural and No. 2 Douglas-fir 2 by 4 specimens were tested in bending at relative humidities (RH) of 35%, 50%, and 95% with a constant temperature of 73 F maintained during the tests. Constant loads based on the 15th percentile of the static strength distribution for each grade at 73 F and 50% RH were used to load the beams. The results indicate a trend toward shorter times-to-failure at higher moisture contents subjected to equal mechanical stress ratios. The effect, however, was no more evident in the No. 2 grade specimens than in the Select Structural specimens. Survival rates were likewise reduced at higher humidities. C1 AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP FRIDLEY, KJ (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY & NAT RESOURCES,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 23 IS 1 BP 114 EP 127 PG 14 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA EW427 UT WOS:A1991EW42700010 ER PT J AU FEIST, WC ROWELL, RM ELLIS, WD AF FEIST, WC ROWELL, RM ELLIS, WD TI MOISTURE SORPTION AND ACCELERATED WEATHERING OF ACETYLATED AND METHACRYLATED ASPEN SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ACETYLATION; METHYL METHACRYLATE; MOISTURE SORPTION; ACCELERATED WEATHERING; ASPEN; ULTRAVIOLET DEGRADATION ID WOOD AB Wood cell-wall modification with acetic anhydride, lumen fill with methyl methacrylate, and a combination of these two treatments were studied for their effectiveness in reducing the rate of moisture sorption and the degradative effects of accelerated weathering. Compared to that of untreated wood, the rate of moisture sorption of aspen acetylated to 18 weight-percent gain was greatly reduced as was the extent of swelling in liquid water; erosion due to accelerated weathering was reduced 50%. Methyl methacrylate treatment slightly decreased the rate of swelling in liquid water but did not reduce the extent of swelling. This lumen-fill treatment decreased erosion caused by accelerated weathering about 40%, compared to the erosion of untreated wood. A combined treatment of acetylation followed by methacrylate impregnation was the most effective in reducing the rate and extent of swelling and reducing erosion caused by accelerated weathering (85%). Chemical analysis before and after accelerated weathering showed that ultraviolet degradation caused a large loss of surface lignin and xylose (from xylans) in control specimens. Both acetylation and methacrylate treatments, or a combination of the two, reduced the loss of surface lignin with subsequent reduction in weathering. Acetylation, especially at 18 weight-percent gain, reduced the loss of xylans during accelerated weathering. RP FEIST, WC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 11 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 23 IS 1 BP 128 EP 136 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA EW427 UT WOS:A1991EW42700011 ER PT J AU CLAUSEN, CA GREEN, F HIGHLEY, TL AF CLAUSEN, CA GREEN, F HIGHLEY, TL TI EARLY DETECTION OF BROWN-ROT DECAY IN SOUTHERN YELLOW PINE USING IMMUNODIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES SO WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; WOOD AB Immunodiagnostic procedures have been used to detect incipient decay of southern yellow pine by six common brown-rot fungi. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies were raised to liquid culture fractions of the six fungi. The antibodies, after preadsorption to sawdust, were tested in particle agglutination assays, immuno-dot blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for their ability to detect the decay organisms when they were grown in southern yellow pine. Results were correlated to wood-block weight loss. Each method specifically detected five of the six test organisms at very low wood-block weight loss. Agglutination assays were the least effective and lacked the sensitivity of the other assays, even though the latex particles were more sensitive and reproducible than charcoal particles. Cross-reactivity was noted only for one of the control organisms and only in the charcoal agglutination assay. Both dot blot and ELISA were sensitive test methods, but ELISA had the advantage of quantification. We feel that two of these assays, latex for presumptive results and ELISA for definitive results, could effectively detect incipient decay of common brown-rot fungi. RP CLAUSEN, CA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 23 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0043-7719 J9 WOOD SCI TECHNOL JI Wood Sci. Technol. PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA GQ195 UT WOS:A1991GQ19500001 ER PT J AU SIMPSON, WT LIU, JY AF SIMPSON, WT LIU, JY TI DEPENDENCE OF THE WATER-VAPOR DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT OF ASPEN (POPULUS-SPEC) ON MOISTURE-CONTENT SO WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WOOD AB The dependence of the diffusion coefficient of water in aspen (Populus sp.) on moisture content over the range of 0 to 18 percent moisture content at 43-degrees-C was determined. The method requires a series of adsorption experiments and application of a numerical method for solving the diffusion equation with a moisture-content-dependent diffusion coefficient. The diffusion coefficient was found to increase exponentially with moisture content. The numerical method includes variable boundary conditions, as defined by the surface emission coefficient, so that the effect of surface equilibrium moisture content can be examined. The experimental moisture content-time curves can be predicted by the numerical method and showed an average deviation of 0.2 percent moisture content with the largest deviation being 0.7 percent moisture content. Practical implications and uses of the information derived from the numerical method are also discussed. RP SIMPSON, WT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0043-7719 J9 WOOD SCI TECHNOL JI Wood Sci. Technol. PY 1991 VL 26 IS 1 BP 9 EP 21 PG 13 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA GQ195 UT WOS:A1991GQ19500002 ER PT J AU LIU, JY MCNATT, JD AF LIU, JY MCNATT, JD TI THICKNESS SWELLING AND DENSITY VARIATION IN ASPEN FLAKEBOARDS SO WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLEBOARD; WOOD RP LIU, JY (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0043-7719 J9 WOOD SCI TECHNOL JI Wood Sci. Technol. PY 1991 VL 25 IS 1 BP 73 EP 82 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA EN255 UT WOS:A1991EN25500008 ER PT J AU NELSON, RM AF NELSON, RM TI HEATS OF TRANSFER AND ACTIVATION-ENERGY FOR BOUND WATER DIFFUSION IN WOOD SO WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-ISOTHERMAL DIFFUSION; MOISTURE; MODEL AB Concepts of nonequilibrium thermodynamics are used to discuss two molar heats of transfer associated with diffusion of water in wood. These different heats of transfer originate from energy flows that are referenced to enthalpies of water vapor and bound water. They represent heat that must be absorbed by the vapor or sorbed water phases, respectively, to maintain constant local temperatures and pressures during the process of steady-state diffusion. In addition, equations for bound water flux and moisture conductivity are used to show that the heat of transfer for absorbed water exceeds the activation energy for bound water diffusion. The distinction between these quantities remains unclear, but may be related to diffusing molecules which carry energy in excess of the minimum required for participation in diffusion. RP NELSON, RM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB,POB 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0043-7719 J9 WOOD SCI TECHNOL JI Wood Sci. Technol. PY 1991 VL 25 IS 3 BP 193 EP 202 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FE291 UT WOS:A1991FE29100003 ER PT J AU NELSON, RM AF NELSON, RM TI TEST OF AN EQUATION FOR NONISOTHERMAL MOISTURE TRANSPORT IN WOOD SO WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-ISOTHERMAL DIFFUSION AB Reported moisture and temperature distributions in wood exposed to a temperature gradient under conditions of zero flow were used to compute changes in moisture content per change in Kelvin temperature, dm/dT. Corresponding theoretical values were calculated from a model based on nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Comparison of the measured and theoretical values supports the notion that moisture transport in wood can be modeled successfully with thermodynamic methods. RP NELSON, RM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB,INTERMT RES STN,POB 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0043-7719 J9 WOOD SCI TECHNOL JI Wood Sci. Technol. PY 1991 VL 25 IS 5 BP 321 EP 325 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FX494 UT WOS:A1991FX49400001 ER PT J AU STRUBLE, CB AF STRUBLE, CB TI INSITU INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION OF 2-CHLORO-N-ISOPROPYLACETANILIDE (PROPACHLOR) AND NON-BILIARY EXCRETION OF METABOLITES INTO THE INTESTINAL-TRACT OF RATS, PIGS AND CHICKENS SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID DRUG ABSORPTION; ACID; CONJUGATION; TRANSPORT AB 1. Propachlor was absorbed from in situ intestinal loops of rats and pigs, with absorption half-times of 7.5 and 16.5 min, respectively. 2. Water-soluble C-14-labelled metabolites that accumulated in the intestinal loops accounted for 31%, 53%, and 25% of the starting C-14 for rats, pigs and chickens, respectively. 3. Propachlor(S)cysteine was identified as the major metabolite in in the pig intestinal lumen (43% of the water-soluble C-14). 4. It is concluded that intestinal metabolism and intestinal excretion of water-soluble metabolites of propachlor are important physiological processes that occur in a variety of animal species. These processes provide a route by which metabolites of xenobiotics may reach the intestinal lumen in animals which are poor biliary excretors. RP STRUBLE, CB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD JAN PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA EP591 UT WOS:A1991EP59100009 PM 2003370 ER PT J AU KURTZMAN, CP ROBNETT, CJ AF KURTZMAN, CP ROBNETT, CJ TI PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS AMONG SPECIES OF SACCHAROMYCES, SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES, DEBARYOMYCES AND SCHWANNIOMYCES DETERMINED FROM PARTIAL RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES SO YEAST LA English DT Article DE ASCOMYCETOUS YEASTS; RIBOSOMAL RNA; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENY ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID RELATEDNESS; ASCOSPORES; PICHIA; YEASTS; REPRODUCTION; COMPILATION; CEREVISIAE; STRAINS; GENERA; POMBE AB Species of the genera Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Debaryomyces and Schwanniomyces were compared from their extent of divergence in three regions from small (18S) and large (25S) subunit ribosomal RNAs comprising a total of 900 nucleotides. With the exception of the closely related Saccharomyces bayanus and S. pastorianus, which appear to have identical sequences, all other species could be distinguished by nucleotide differences in a variable region of the large subunit, and genus-specific nucleotides were discernible in all three regions. The taxon D. tamarii differed markedly from other species and is excluded from Debaryomyces. By contrast, Schwanniomyces occidentalis showed few nucleotide differences with Debaryomyces spp. and its transfer to Debaryomyces is proposed. Schizosaccharomyces proved to be somewhat more divergent than Saccharomyces and Debaryomyces, but species differences appear insufficient for dividing the genus. Some of the factors influencing estimates of phylogenetic distances from rRNA sequences are discussed. RP KURTZMAN, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 47 TC 119 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0749-503X J9 YEAST JI Yeast PD JAN PY 1991 VL 7 IS 1 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1002/yea.320070107 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA EW499 UT WOS:A1991EW49900006 PM 2021083 ER PT J AU COLE, DN AF COLE, DN TI TRAMPLING DISTURBANCE AND RECOVERY OF CRYPTOGAMIC SOIL CRUSTS IN GRAND-CANYON-NATIONAL-PARK SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Cryptogamic soil crusts in Grand Canyon National Park were trampled by hikers, under controlled conditions, to determine how rapidly they were pulverized and how rapidly they recovered. Only 15 trampling passes were required to destroy the structure of the crusts; visual evidence of bacteria and cryptogam cover was reduced to near zero after 50 passes. Soil crusts redeveloped in just one to three years, and after five years the extensive bacteria and cryptogam cover left little visual evidence of disturbance. Surface irregularity remained low after five years, however, suggesting that recovery was incomplete. RP COLE, DN (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 0 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD DEC 31 PY 1990 VL 50 IS 4 BP 321 EP 325 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FJ874 UT WOS:A1990FJ87400003 ER PT J AU ULLAH, AHJ DISCHINGER, HC AF ULLAH, AHJ DISCHINGER, HC TI ASPERGILLUS-FICUUM EXTRACELLULAR PHYTASE - PEPTIDE-MAPPING AND PURIFICATION BY REVERSE PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHY SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article RP ULLAH, AHJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD DEC 28 PY 1990 VL 613 BP 878 EP 882 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb18281.x PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA FB935 UT WOS:A1990FB93500139 PM 1963766 ER PT J AU WEITZEL, JN SADOWSKI, JA FURIE, BC MOROOSE, R KIM, H MOUNT, ME MURPHY, MJ FURIE, B AF WEITZEL, JN SADOWSKI, JA FURIE, BC MOROOSE, R KIM, H MOUNT, ME MURPHY, MJ FURIE, B TI SURREPTITIOUS INGESTION OF A LONG-ACTING VITAMIN-K ANTAGONIST RODENTICIDE, BRODIFACOUM - CLINICAL AND METABOLIC STUDIES OF 3 CASES SO BLOOD LA English DT Article C1 NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,CTR HEMOSTASIS & THROMBOSIS RES,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. FLORIDA HOSP,ORLANDO,FL. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02130. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV MINNESOTA,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET DIAGNOST INVEST,ST PAUL,MN 55108. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL42443] NR 23 TC 55 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD DEC 15 PY 1990 VL 76 IS 12 BP 2555 EP 2559 PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA EM901 UT WOS:A1990EM90100019 PM 2265249 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP ZAJAC, A OSOFSKY, SA TOBIAS, L AF DUBEY, JP ZAJAC, A OSOFSKY, SA TOBIAS, L TI ACUTE PRIMARY TOXOPLASMIC HEPATITIS IN AN ADULT CAT SHEDDING TOXOPLASMA-GONDII OOCYSTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT SMALL ANIM CLIN SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BLDG 1040,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1990 VL 197 IS 12 BP 1616 EP 1618 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EM549 UT WOS:A1990EM54900013 PM 2276958 ER PT J AU LEWIS, WJ TAKASU, K AF LEWIS, WJ TAKASU, K TI USE OF LEARNED ODORS BY A PARASITIC WASP IN ACCORDANCE WITH HOST AND FOOD-NEEDS SO NATURE LA English DT Article RP LEWIS, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 10 TC 140 Z9 156 U1 1 U2 16 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 13 PY 1990 VL 348 IS 6302 BP 635 EP 636 DI 10.1038/348635a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EM760 UT WOS:A1990EM76000060 ER PT J AU SCHOOFS, L HOLMAN, GM HAYES, TK KOCHANSKY, JP NACHMAN, RJ DELOOF, A AF SCHOOFS, L HOLMAN, GM HAYES, TK KOCHANSKY, JP NACHMAN, RJ DELOOF, A TI LOCUSTATACHYKININ-III AND LOCUSTATACHYKININ-IV - 2 ADDITIONAL INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES WITH HOMOLOGY TO PEPTIDES OF THE VERTEBRATE TACHYKININ FAMILY SO REGULATORY PEPTIDES LA English DT Article C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,USDA ARS,VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ENTOMOL,INVERTEBRATE NEUROENDOCRINE RES LABS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT & NEMATODE HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SCHOOFS, L (reprint author), CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN,INST ZOOL,NAAMSEST 59,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. NR 31 TC 116 Z9 120 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-0115 J9 REGUL PEPTIDES JI Regul. Pept. PD DEC 10 PY 1990 VL 31 IS 3 BP 199 EP 212 DI 10.1016/0167-0115(90)90006-I PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA EM845 UT WOS:A1990EM84500006 PM 2132575 ER PT J AU DEHESH, K BRUCE, WB QUAIL, PH AF DEHESH, K BRUCE, WB QUAIL, PH TI A TRANS-ACTING FACTOR THAT BINDS TO A GT-MOTIF IN A PHYTOCHROME GENE PROMOTER SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,PLANT GENE EXPRESS CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 38 TC 92 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 7 PY 1990 VL 250 IS 4986 BP 1397 EP 1399 DI 10.1126/science.2255908 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EL843 UT WOS:A1990EL84300038 PM 2255908 ER PT J AU ELISSALDE, MH BEIER, RC AF ELISSALDE, MH BEIER, RC TI STIMULATION AND RELEASE OF PROSTAGLANDINS AND THROMBOXANE FROM MACROPHAGES BY COTTON DUST ASSOCIATED LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP ELISSALDE, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,POB 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 51 IS 12 BP 652 EP 658 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1990)051<0652:SAROPA>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA EM381 UT WOS:A1990EM38100008 PM 2270833 ER PT J AU HORSFIELD, J CHEN, DT CHEN, D MCCARL, B MCGRANN, J OKAY, J SCHEER, B LEEPER, G AF HORSFIELD, J CHEN, DT CHEN, D MCCARL, B MCGRANN, J OKAY, J SCHEER, B LEEPER, G TI END-USER COMPUTING FOR AGRICULTURAL-ECONOMICS RESEARCH - THE PROMISE AND THE CHALLENGE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,OFF INFORMAT RESOURCES COMMODITIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RI McCarl, Bruce/E-9445-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1325 EP 1325 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100042 ER PT J AU POLOPOLUS, LC ROBINSON, RR KOBER, R BAUMEL, CP HAUSER, R PARKER, B LASERSON, MR FULLER, S KOO, WW HILL, LD AF POLOPOLUS, LC ROBINSON, RR KOBER, R BAUMEL, CP HAUSER, R PARKER, B LASERSON, MR FULLER, S KOO, WW HILL, LD TI GLOBAL GRAIN DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS - IMPEDIMENTS TO INCREASED EXPORTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,CSRS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. CONTINENTAL GRAIN,NEW YORK,NY. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1325 EP 1325 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100044 ER PT J AU STANTON, B DUBMAN, R HANSON, G HICKENBOTHAM, T SUMNER, D WHITTAKER, G AF STANTON, B DUBMAN, R HANSON, G HICKENBOTHAM, T SUMNER, D WHITTAKER, G TI MILLIONAIRE FARMERS AND THE EQUITY OF PAYMENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. PENN STATE UNIV,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. USDA ARS,ASCS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1325 EP 1326 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100045 ER PT J AU BAUM, K CUSUMANO, V GROVE, T SFEIRYOUNIS, A NELSON, M SOUTHGATE, D AF BAUM, K CUSUMANO, V GROVE, T SFEIRYOUNIS, A NELSON, M SOUTHGATE, D TI THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TROPICAL RAIN-FORESTS - ECONOMIC, RESOURCE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL-ISSUES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. US AGCY INT DEV,ST,WASHINGTON,DC 20523. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. WORLD BANK,WASHINGTON,DC 20433. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. ECON COMM LATIN AMER,PORT OF SPAIN,TRINID & TOBAGO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1326 EP 1326 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100046 ER PT J AU WEBB, SE COCHRANE, N PENN, JB JOHNSON, DG CROOK, F COCHRANE, N BROOKS, K SKOLD, K AF WEBB, SE COCHRANE, N PENN, JB JOHNSON, DG CROOK, F COCHRANE, N BROOKS, K SKOLD, K TI CHINA, EASTERN-EUROPE, AND THE USSR - ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC-REFORMS AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637. UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. QUAKER OATS CO,BARRINGTON,IL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1327 EP 1327 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100051 ER PT J AU BAHN, H BAINBRIDGE, B SCHOTZKO, T HILL, L COOK, R GOODWIN, B AF BAHN, H BAINBRIDGE, B SCHOTZKO, T HILL, L COOK, R GOODWIN, B TI GRADES, STANDARDS, SAFETY, AND QUALITY - INCOMPATIBLE BEDFELLOWS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ES,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1328 EP 1328 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100054 ER PT J AU ROSSMILLER, GE TUTWILER, MA THORN, C JOSLING, T WARLEY, TK SANDERSON, F SCHNITTKER, J KELLEY, D AF ROSSMILLER, GE TUTWILER, MA THORN, C JOSLING, T WARLEY, TK SANDERSON, F SCHNITTKER, J KELLEY, D TI THE AGRICULTURAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS - WHAT IS ACHIEVABLE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,FAS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV GUELPH,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. AGR CANADA,OTTAWA,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1328 EP 1328 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100053 ER PT J AU WEIMAR, MR CRAWFORD, TL NELSON, KE IRWIN, S OCONNOR, CW AF WEIMAR, MR CRAWFORD, TL NELSON, KE IRWIN, S OCONNOR, CW TI AGRICULTURAL LIVESTOCK OUTLOOK PROGRAMS - EFFECTIVE MARKETING TOOLS OR JUST AN ACADEMIC EXERCISE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OREGON STATE UNIV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1328 EP 1328 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100052 ER PT J AU REINSEL, EI YOUNG, DL CAUDILL, CE DUNCAN, GT AF REINSEL, EI YOUNG, DL CAUDILL, CE DUNCAN, GT TI TOWARD RESOLUTION OF DATA ACCESS CONFLICTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA,NASS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1329 EP 1330 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100058 ER PT J AU RUPPEL, FJ GREGORY, WF ACKER, D PRENTICE, BE PETERSON, EWF HOU, CM CHEN, TJ AF RUPPEL, FJ GREGORY, WF ACKER, D PRENTICE, BE PETERSON, EWF HOU, CM CHEN, TJ TI FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL AND DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE - DONOR NATION PERSPECTIVES ON LEVELS, TRENDS, TYPES, OBJECTIVES, AND OUTLOOK SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA,OICD,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV MANITOBA,WINNIPEG R3T 2N2,MANITOBA,CANADA. UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN,NE 68588. CHUNG HUA INST,TAIPEI,TAIWAN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1329 EP 1329 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100055 ER PT J AU CAPALBO, S OVERTON, CE HOQUE, A DENNY, M FROHBERG, K BALL, E OVERTON, CE AF CAPALBO, S OVERTON, CE HOQUE, A DENNY, M FROHBERG, K BALL, E OVERTON, CE TI COMPARABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL DATA ON AGRICULTURAL OUTPUTS AND INPUTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV TORONTO,TORONTO M5S 1A1,ONTARIO,CANADA. ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV,PARIS,FRANCE. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1330 EP 1330 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100060 ER PT J AU FAIRCHILD, G KLONSKY, K DOYE, D DOERING, O PATRICK, G LAMBERT, D CHRISTENSEN, R WOODS, F WALLACE, T AF FAIRCHILD, G KLONSKY, K DOYE, D DOERING, O PATRICK, G LAMBERT, D CHRISTENSEN, R WOODS, F WALLACE, T TI THE CHANGING-ROLE OF EXTENSION ECONOMISTS IN THE 1990S SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,STILLWATER,OK 74078. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV NEVADA,RENO,NV 89557. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. USDA,EXTENS SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1331 EP 1331 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100064 ER PT J AU MERCIER, S HYBERG, B MERCIER, S ERVIN, D HYBERG, B FOX, G PASCOE, S AF MERCIER, S HYBERG, B MERCIER, S ERVIN, D HYBERG, B FOX, G PASCOE, S TI THE EFFECT OF AGRICULTURE ON ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY IN DEVELOPED-COUNTRIES - AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV GUELPH,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. RI Pascoe, Sean/D-9710-2011 OI Pascoe, Sean/0000-0001-6581-2649 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1331 EP 1331 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100063 ER PT J AU SHAFFER, R PLANTING, M HOLLAND, D HENRY, M LEE, C AF SHAFFER, R PLANTING, M HOLLAND, D HENRY, M LEE, C TI APPLICATIONS OF INPUT-OUTPUT-ANALYSIS TO AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL RESEARCH - PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. CLEMSON UNIV,CLEMSON,SC 29631. USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1331 EP 1332 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100066 ER PT J AU BOLLMAN, R EMERSON, RD BARICHELLO, R SUMNER, D AF BOLLMAN, R EMERSON, RD BARICHELLO, R SUMNER, D TI HUMAN-CAPITAL TOPICS DEMANDING ATTENTION - A CANADA UNITED-STATES COMPARISON SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 STAT CANADA,OTTAWA,ONTARIO,CANADA. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,VANCOUVER V6T 1W5,BC,CANADA. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,FARGO,ND 58105. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1332 EP 1332 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100069 ER PT J AU BALDWIN, D CAMPBELL, G MEYER, L BALDWIN, D CAMPBELL, G GIBSON, T BAHN, H AF BALDWIN, D CAMPBELL, G MEYER, L BALDWIN, D CAMPBELL, G GIBSON, T BAHN, H TI INNOVATIVE EXTENSION EDUCATION DELIVERY METHODS - THE ISSUES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV KENTUCKY,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1333 EP 1333 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100071 ER PT J AU CLARK, RT JOHNSON, JB DICKS, MR KRAFT, SB TAYLOR, CR MARGHEIM, GA AF CLARK, RT JOHNSON, JB DICKS, MR KRAFT, SB TAYLOR, CR MARGHEIM, GA TI THE CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM AFTER THE CONTRACTS EXPIRE - WHAT THEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN,NE 68588. MONTANA STATE UNIV,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,STILLWATER,OK 74078. SO ILLINOIS UNIV,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. AUBURN UNIV,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA,SCS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1334 EP 1334 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100076 ER PT J AU CONWAY, RK GOLLOP, F BALL, E SWAMY, PAVB FARE, R YEE, J DIEWERT, E HUFFMAN, W PRIMONT, D AF CONWAY, RK GOLLOP, F BALL, E SWAMY, PAVB FARE, R YEE, J DIEWERT, E HUFFMAN, W PRIMONT, D TI NEW PRODUCTIVITY-MEASUREMENT RESEARCH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. SO ILLINOIS UNIV,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,VANCOUVER V6T 1W5,BC,CANADA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. RI Fare, Rolf/H-5932-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1335 EP 1335 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100079 ER PT J AU SMITH, SM GOODE, FM KASSAB, CD PORTERFIELD, SL PULVER, GC AF SMITH, SM GOODE, FM KASSAB, CD PORTERFIELD, SL PULVER, GC TI POTENTIAL ROLE OF THE SERVICE SECTOR IN RURAL ECONOMIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PENN STATE UNIV,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1335 EP 1336 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100080 ER PT J AU GOLDSTEIN, J HEIMLICH, RE PARKS, PJ BERGSTROM, JC SHABMAN, L AF GOLDSTEIN, J HEIMLICH, RE PARKS, PJ BERGSTROM, JC SHABMAN, L TI A NATIONAL POLICY OF NO NET LOSS OF WETLANDS - WHAT DO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMISTS HAVE TO CONTRIBUTE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US DEPT INTERIOR,WASHINGTON,DC 20240. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC 27706. UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1336 EP 1336 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100081 ER PT J AU OGG, C ZILBERMAN, D JOHNSON, S ERVIN, D AF OGG, C ZILBERMAN, D JOHNSON, S ERVIN, D TI BASE FLEXIBILITY AND RELATED OPTIONS FOR REDUCING PRICE DISTORTIONS FOR INPUT USE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1336 EP 1336 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100083 ER PT J AU CHERN, WS RU, S TUAN, FC WU, TC CHAI, J KUEH, YY RUOFENG, N CHEN, HH AF CHERN, WS RU, S TUAN, FC WU, TC CHAI, J KUEH, YY RUOFENG, N CHEN, HH TI CHINA AGRICULTURAL TRADE IN THE 1980S AND PROSPECTS FOR THE 1990S SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. COUNCIL AGR,TAIPEI,TAIWAN. UNIV HONG KONG,HONG KONG,HONG KONG. MACQUARIE UNIV,N RYDE,NSW 2113,AUSTRALIA. NATL TAIWAN UNIV,TAIPEI,TAIWAN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1337 EP 1337 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100084 ER PT J AU HILDRETH, RJ RASMUSSEN, WD DOERING, O BARKLEY, P AF HILDRETH, RJ RASMUSSEN, WD DOERING, O BARKLEY, P TI WHAT, IF ANYTHING, CAN THE FELLOWS CONTRIBUTE TO THE PROFESSION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1337 EP 1337 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100085 ER PT J AU VANDUREN, E WIGLE, R MEEK, H GOODLOE, C RUDE, J AF VANDUREN, E WIGLE, R MEEK, H GOODLOE, C RUDE, J TI ECONOMIC-ISSUES IN TRADE DISPUTES OVER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GUELPH,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. WILFRID LAURIER UNIV,WATERLOO N2L 3C5,ONTARIO,CANADA. AGR CANADA,OTTAWA,ONTARIO,CANADA. USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1338 EP 1338 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100089 ER PT J AU HANSON, GD JINKINS, JF AF HANSON, GD JINKINS, JF TI A CASH FLOW APPROACH TO LAND AFFORDABILITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PENN STATE UNIV,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1340 EP 1341 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100100 ER PT J AU MCCLELLAND, JW FRISVOLD, G AF MCCLELLAND, JW FRISVOLD, G TI THE POLITICAL-ECONOMY OF TECHNICAL CHANGE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,RTD,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1344 EP 1344 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100131 ER PT J AU ELOSTA, HS PELLY, RA WHITTAKER, GW AF ELOSTA, HS PELLY, RA WHITTAKER, GW TI THE TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF CORN FARMS IN THE CORN BELT - A METHODOLOGICAL NOTE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1345 EP 1345 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100145 ER PT J AU LEE, H SOMWARU, A AF LEE, H SOMWARU, A TI SHARE TENANCY AND ALLOCATIVE INEFFICIENCY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1345 EP 1345 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100144 ER PT J AU DUNCAN, DG SINGER, MA AF DUNCAN, DG SINGER, MA TI FARM CREDIT JUNK BONDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1347 EP 1347 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100155 ER PT J AU DURST, R ROSSI, C AF DURST, R ROSSI, C TI DO FARMERS PAY FEDERAL-INCOME-TAX SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1347 EP 1347 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100162 ER PT J AU LEBLANC, M HRUBOVCAK, J DURST, R BOYD, R AF LEBLANC, M HRUBOVCAK, J DURST, R BOYD, R TI AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE ADJUSTMENT AND CAPITAL GAINS TAXATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. USDA,ECON RES SERV,ARED,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA,ECON RES SERV,RTD,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1347 EP 1347 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100164 ER PT J AU ROSSI, C KOENIG, S AF ROSSI, C KOENIG, S TI DETERMINANTS OF AGRICULTURAL BANK PARTICIPATION IN FARMER MAC - A MULTINOMIAL LOGIT ANALYSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1347 EP 1347 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100156 ER PT J AU WENNER, MD AF WENNER, MD TI GROUP CREDIT IN COSTA-RICA - AN ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION-TRANSFER SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1348 EP 1348 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100168 ER PT J AU MCDOWELL, H FLEMING, A AF MCDOWELL, H FLEMING, A TI SPATIAL EQUILIBRIUM IN FLUID MILK MARKETS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1351 EP 1351 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100197 ER PT J AU VROOMEN, HL AF VROOMEN, HL TI APPLICATION OF INTERVENTION ANALYSIS TO A TRADE RESTRICTION - THE CASE OF CANADIAN POTASH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1351 EP 1351 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100199 ER PT J AU CHANG, RE SUMNER, DA AF CHANG, RE SUMNER, DA TI NONPARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF COST MINIMIZATION AND CHANGES IN CIGARETTE CHARACTERISTICS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1352 EP 1352 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100206 ER PT J AU HOFFMAN, LA AF HOFFMAN, LA TI HOW EFFICIENT IS THE ROUGH RICE FUTURES MARKET SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,CED,CROPS BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1354 EP 1354 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100224 ER PT J AU BLISARD, WN BLAYLOCK, JR AF BLISARD, WN BLAYLOCK, JR TI CONSTRUCTION OF TRUE COST OF FOOD INDEXES FROM ESTIMATED ENGEL CURVES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1356 EP 1356 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100241 ER PT J AU LEWANDROWSKI, JK AF LEWANDROWSKI, JK TI THE ROLES OF FINISHED PRODUCT INVENTORY AND PRICE EXPECTATIONS IN THE SOFTWOOD LUMBER INDUSTRY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,RTD,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1358 EP 1358 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100267 ER PT J AU OSBORN, CT RIBAUDO, MO AF OSBORN, CT RIBAUDO, MO TI AN ECONOMIC-ASSESSMENT OF 1990 FARM BILL WATER-QUALITY OPTIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1358 EP 1358 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100263 ER PT J AU RIBAUDO, MO AF RIBAUDO, MO TI EROSION RESTRICTIONS FOR WATER-QUALITY IMPROVEMENT - IMPACTS OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1358 EP 1358 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100262 ER PT J AU GOLLEHON, NR MOORE, MR NEGRI, DH AF GOLLEHON, NR MOORE, MR NEGRI, DH TI PRODUCTION-FUNCTIONS OF WESTERN IRRIGATED CROPS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,RTD,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1359 EP 1359 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100272 ER PT J AU MOORE, MR NEGRI, D AF MOORE, MR NEGRI, D TI A MULTICROP PRODUCTION-MODEL OF LANDS SERVED BY THE BUREAU OF RECLAMATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1359 EP 1359 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100271 ER PT J AU SCHAIBLE, G KIM, CS WHITTLESEY, N AF SCHAIBLE, G KIM, CS WHITTLESEY, N TI PRICE EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY TRANSITIONS IN THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1359 EP 1359 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100274 ER PT J AU BRAZEE, RJ CRUTCHFIELD, SR AF BRAZEE, RJ CRUTCHFIELD, SR TI AN INTEGRATED MODEL OF SURFACE AND GROUND-WATER QUALITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1363 EP 1363 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100306 ER PT J AU REILLY, J TOBEY, J KANE, S AF REILLY, J TOBEY, J KANE, S TI AN EMPIRICAL-STUDY OF THE WELFARE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WORLD AGRICULTURE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1363 EP 1363 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100309 ER PT J AU LARSON, BA AF LARSON, BA TI STOCHASTIC OPTIMAL-CONTROL FOR AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMISTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1365 EP 1365 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100330 ER PT J AU KRISSOFF, B TRAPIDO, P AF KRISSOFF, B TRAPIDO, P TI FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL POLICY REFORM - THE CASE OF VENEZUELA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. INTERAMER DEV BANK,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1367 EP 1367 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100342 ER PT J AU BURFISHER, ME MISSIAEN, M BLACKMAN, A AF BURFISHER, ME MISSIAEN, M BLACKMAN, A TI DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES PERFORMANCE IN HIGH-VALUE PRODUCT TRADE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,ATAD,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV TEXAS,AUSTIN,TX 78712. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1368 EP 1368 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100355 ER PT J AU HASSAN, R HALLAM, A DSILVA, B AF HASSAN, R HALLAM, A DSILVA, B TI A TEMPORARY GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM FRAMEWORK FOR THE ANALYSIS OF MACROECONOMIC INFLUENCES ON AGRICULTURE IN SUDAN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CIMMYT,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1368 EP 1368 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100357 ER PT J AU VOLLRATH, TL JOHNSTON, PV AF VOLLRATH, TL JOHNSTON, PV TI TRADE DETERMINANTS AS SOURCES OF ECONOMIC-GROWTH - AN EMPIRICAL INQUIRY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1368 EP 1368 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100354 ER PT J AU NEFF, SA AF NEFF, SA TI AN ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF REMOVING UNITED-STATES IMPORT QUOTAS ON DAIRY-PRODUCTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1369 EP 1369 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100367 ER PT J AU SPARKS, AL SEALE, JL BUXTON, BM AF SPARKS, AL SEALE, JL BUXTON, BM TI IMPORT DEMAND FOR UNITED-STATES FRESH APPLES IN 3 PACIFIC AND ONE EUROPEAN MARKETS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1369 EP 1369 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100365 ER PT J AU DENBALY, M AF DENBALY, M TI DEVIATION OF RELATIVE AGRICULTURAL PRICES FROM THE SHORT-RUN AND THE LONG-RUN EQUILIBRIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,ARED,NEH,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1370 EP 1370 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100373 ER PT J AU GARDINER, WH MADELL, ML AF GARDINER, WH MADELL, ML TI TARIFFICATION - ISSUES, CONCEPTS, AND THE EUROPEAN-COMMUNITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1370 EP 1370 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100370 ER PT J AU DIXIT, PM WEBB, SE AF DIXIT, PM WEBB, SE TI LIBERALIZING AGRICULTURAL POLICIES IN CHINA - EFFECTS ON WORLD MARKETS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,ECON RES SERV,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1371 EP 1371 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100386 ER PT J AU NEFF, LCC AF NEFF, LCC TI 1990 FARM BILL AND DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1371 EP 1371 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100380 ER PT J AU PICK, DH PARK, TA AF PICK, DH PARK, TA TI THE COMPETITIVE STRUCTURE OF UNITED-STATES AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,ATAD,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN,NE 68588. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1371 EP 1371 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100381 ER PT J AU ROSEN, S SHAPOURI, S AF ROSEN, S SHAPOURI, S TI FOOD INSECURITY AND THE ROLE OF FOOD AID SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1373 EP 1373 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100402 ER PT J AU RUCKER, RR THURMAN, WN SUMNER, DA AF RUCKER, RR THURMAN, WN SUMNER, DA TI PRODUCTION RIGHTS WITH LIMITED TRANSFERABILITY - A CASE-STUDY OF THE UNITED-STATES TOBACCO AND PEANUT PROGRAMS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1373 EP 1373 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100399 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, W AF FERGUSON, W TI WELFARE IMPLICATIONS OF REGULATORY POLICIES CONCERNING PESTICIDE-RESIDUES IN FOOD SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1374 EP 1374 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100414 ER PT J AU KONYAR, K MCCORMICK, I AF KONYAR, K MCCORMICK, I TI FARM POLICY OPTIONS FOR AGRI-CHEMICAL REDUCTION - A NATIONAL REGIONAL-ANALYSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1374 EP 1374 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100415 ER PT J AU RENDLEMAN, CM AF RENDLEMAN, CM TI AGRICHEMICAL RESTRICTION - EFFECTS OF POLICY ON INCOME AND ITS DISTRIBUTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1374 EP 1374 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100411 ER PT J AU TOBEY, J REINERT, KA AF TOBEY, J REINERT, KA TI UNITED-STATES AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY - AN ILLUSTRATIVE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM-MODEL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. US INT TRADE COMMISS,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1374 EP 1375 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100416 ER PT J AU GALE, HF AF GALE, HF TI THE IMPACT OF NONFARM LABOR-MARKETS ON OFF-FARM INCOME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1375 EP 1375 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100422 ER PT J AU SKULLY, DW AF SKULLY, DW TI AN AGENCY MODEL OF EXPERT INTERVENTION - THE CASE OF UNITED-STATES WHEAT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1375 EP 1375 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100417 ER PT J AU LEVEDAHL, JW AF LEVEDAHL, JW TI THE EFFECT OF FUNCTIONAL FORM ON THE ESTIMATED MARGINAL PROPENSITIES TO SPEND OUT OF FOOD STAMPS AND MONEY INCOME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1376 EP 1376 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100432 ER PT J AU HENDERSON, DA AF HENDERSON, DA TI IMPLICATIONS OF ALTERNATIVE FARM POLICY REGIMES ON COMMUNITY RETAIL SALES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,ARED,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1377 EP 1377 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100442 ER PT J AU CHUANG, LH DURST, R LIU, K AF CHUANG, LH DURST, R LIU, K TI THE EFFECTS OF CAPITAL GAINS TAX REDUCTION ON UNITED-STATES NATURAL-RESOURCES - AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND RESOURCE CONSERVATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. US FOREST SERV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1380 EP 1380 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100462 ER PT J AU ENGLISH, BC ROBERTSON, T GOODMAN, WR AF ENGLISH, BC ROBERTSON, T GOODMAN, WR TI LONG-RUN SUPPLY, TECHNOLOGY RESTRICTIONS, AND SELECTED ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,MARTIN,TN 38238. USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1380 EP 1380 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100461 ER PT J AU GHELFI, LM MCGRANAHAN, DA AF GHELFI, LM MCGRANAHAN, DA TI RETURNS TO EDUCATION IN RURAL-AREAS - EVIDENCE OF WEAK DEMAND FOR HIGHLY EDUCATED WORKERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1380 EP 1381 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100469 ER PT J AU QUINBY, W HOSTETLER, J AF QUINBY, W HOSTETLER, J TI WITHER IRRIGATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1380 EP 1380 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100464 ER PT J AU UPDEGRAFF, GE STIERNA, JH CHRISTENSEN, DA LAWRENCE, DJ AF UPDEGRAFF, GE STIERNA, JH CHRISTENSEN, DA LAWRENCE, DJ TI DECISION AIDS IN CONSERVATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1380 EP 1380 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100466 ER PT J AU HSU, HH AF HSU, HH TI LARGE-SCALE, CROSS-COMMODITY, ECONOMETRIC, TRADE AND POLICY MODELS - CAN WE TALK SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,CED CROPS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1382 EP 1382 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100486 ER PT J AU HEIFNER, RG POWERS, NJ AF HEIFNER, RG POWERS, NJ TI ECONOMIC SERIES ANALYZER - A COMPUTER-PROGRAM FOR THE APPLIED ANALYST SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1383 EP 1383 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100489 ER PT J AU WEBB, A GUDMUNDS, K HASHA, G AF WEBB, A GUDMUNDS, K HASHA, G TI A REVOLUTION IN DATA USE AND DISSEMINATION - IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL-ECONOMICS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,ATAD,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA,ECON RES SERV,CED,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1383 EP 1383 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100490 ER PT J AU CONWAY, R CHILDS, N INGRAM, K ARNADE, C AF CONWAY, R CHILDS, N INGRAM, K ARNADE, C TI FORECASTING WHEAT, CORN, AND SOYBEAN UNITED-STATES EXPORTS WITH FIXED AND STOCHASTIC COEFFICIENTS ESTIMATORS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,DIAGNOST RADIOL SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1384 EP 1384 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100506 ER PT J AU LEUCK, D NEFF, S NEFF, L AF LEUCK, D NEFF, S NEFF, L TI EC SUGAR MARKET CONFRONTS GATT AND EG 1992 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,DIAGNOST RADIOL SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1384 EP 1384 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100507 ER PT J AU MABBSZENO, CC PENN, R AF MABBSZENO, CC PENN, R TI HOW LEVEL IS THE PLAYING FIELD SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,DIAGNOST RADIOL SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1384 EP 1385 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100508 ER PT J AU NELSON, F PRICE, M SHARPLES, J WESTCOTT, P REINSEL, R BAUMES, H AF NELSON, F PRICE, M SHARPLES, J WESTCOTT, P REINSEL, R BAUMES, H TI ANALYSIS OF GRAIN STOCKS PROPOSALS FOR THE 1990 FARM BILL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,DIAGNOST RADIOL SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1384 EP 1384 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100505 ER PT J AU GALE, HF HENDERSON, D AF GALE, HF HENDERSON, D TI REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN GROWTH, EXIT, AND ENTRY OF FARMS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,DIAGNOST RADIOL SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1385 EP 1385 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100511 ER PT J AU GOODLOE, C AF GOODLOE, C TI WHAT IS AN AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDY - THE CASE OF CANADIAN HOGS AND UNITED-STATES CORN AND A COMPARISON WITH THE FTA AND THE UNITED-STATES AND CANADIAN GATT PROPOSALS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,DIAGNOST RADIOL SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1385 EP 1385 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100510 ER PT J AU KELLOGG, RL SEVERIN, B AF KELLOGG, RL SEVERIN, B TI WEATHER AND SOVIET-AGRICULTURE - IMPLICATIONS OF AN ECONOMIC-MODEL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,DIAGNOST RADIOL SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. CENT INTELLIGENCE AGCY,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1385 EP 1385 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EY861 UT WOS:A1990EY86100509 ER PT J AU SPECKER, BL BLACK, A ALLEN, L MORROW, F AF SPECKER, BL BLACK, A ALLEN, L MORROW, F TI VITAMIN-B12 - LOW MILK CONCENTRATIONS ARE RELATED TO LOW SERUM CONCENTRATIONS IN VEGETARIAN WOMEN AND TO METHYLMALONIC ACIDURIA IN THEIR INFANTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NUTR SCI,STORRS,CT 06268. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR EVALUAT LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP SPECKER, BL (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,CINCINNATI,OH 45267, USA. NR 15 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1073 EP 1076 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA EK406 UT WOS:A1990EK40600018 PM 2239784 ER PT J AU CANNON, JG ORENCOLE, SF FIELDING, RA MEYDANI, M MEYDANI, SN FIATARONE, MA BLUMBERG, JB EVANS, WJ AF CANNON, JG ORENCOLE, SF FIELDING, RA MEYDANI, M MEYDANI, SN FIATARONE, MA BLUMBERG, JB EVANS, WJ TI ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE IN EXERCISE - INTERACTION OF AGE AND VITAMIN-E ON NEUTROPHILS AND MUSCLE ENZYME-RELEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SUPEROXIDE; CREATINE KINASE; LIPID PEROXIDES; MUSCLE DAMAGE ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; DEFENSE-MECHANISMS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; LEUKOCYTES; PLASMA; DAMAGE; DISEASES; INJURY; EFFLUX AB Several host defense responses and metabolic reactions that occur during infection have been observed after exercise. We hypothesized that these reactions, known as the "acute phase response," contribute to the breakdown and clearance of damaged tissue after exercise. This hypothesis was tested with 21 male volunteers representing two ranges of age (22-29 and 55-74 yr), who ran downhill on an inclined treadmill to accentuate damaging eccentric muscular contraction. The subject groups were further divided in a double-blind placebo-controlled protocol, which examined the influence of 48 days of dietary vitamin E supplementation before the exercise. All subjects were monitored for 12 days after exercise for changes in circulating leukocytes, superoxide release from neutrophils, lipid peroxidation, and efflux of the intramuscular enzyme creatine kinase (CK) into the circulation. Among those receiving placebo, the < 30-yr-old subjects responded to exercise with a significantly greater neutrophilia and higher plasma CK concentrations than the > 55-yr-old subjects. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E tended to eliminate the differences between the two age groups, primarily by increasing the responses of the > 55-yr-old subjects. At the time of peak concentrations in the plasma, CK correlated significantly with superoxide release from neutrophils. The association of enzyme efflux with neutrophil mobilization and function supports the concept that neutrophils are involved in the delayed increase in muscle membrane permeability after damaging exercise. C1 TUFTS UNIV,NUTR IMMUNOL & TOXICOL LAB,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP CANNON, JG (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-39595] NR 32 TC 194 Z9 196 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 259 IS 6 BP R1214 EP R1219 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA EQ387 UT WOS:A1990EQ38700063 PM 2175569 ER PT J AU KAWALEK, JC FETTERER, RH AF KAWALEK, JC FETTERER, RH TI EFFECT OF HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS INFECTION ON THE CLEARANCE OF ANTIPYRINE, SULFOBROMOPHTHALEIN, CHLORAMPHENICOL, AND SULFATHIAZOLE IN LAMBS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KAWALEK, JC (reprint author), FDA,AGR RES CTR E,CTR VET MED,DIV VET MED RES,VET PHARMACOL TOXICOL BRANCH,BLDG 328A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 51 IS 12 BP 2044 EP 2049 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EL696 UT WOS:A1990EL69600027 PM 2085232 ER PT J AU AKIN, DE BORNEMAN, WS LYON, CE AF AKIN, DE BORNEMAN, WS LYON, CE TI DEGRADATION OF LEAF BLADES AND STEMS BY MONOCENTRIC AND POLYCENTRIC ISOLATES OF RUMINAL FUNGI SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANAEROBIC RUMEN FUNGUS; FLAGELLATE NEOCALLIMASTIX-FRONTALIS; GEN-NOV; FERMENTATION; COMMUNIS; DIGESTIBILITY; INVASION; TISSUE; CATTLE; GROWTH AB Degradation of lignified tissues in leaf blades and stems and reduction in textural strength of stems of bermuda grass by axenic cultures of ruminal fungi was investigated. Fungal isolates were evaluated that demonstrated monocentric growth (Piromyces MC-1 and Neocallimastix MC-2) or polycentric growth (unnamed PC-1 and Orpinomyces PC-2 and PC-3). In in vitro digestion studies over a period of 9 days, all isolates eventually degraded approximately 70% of the leaf dry matter, but the rate of digestion varied from fastest to slowest as follows: MC-2 > PC-2, PC-3 > PC-1 > MC-1. For stems, all isolates except MC-1 degraded about the same amount of dry matter (approximately 45%) with following order of fastest to slowest: PC-3 > PC-2 > MC-2 > PCI > MC-1. Isolate MC-1 did not grow well on bermuda-grass stems. The reduction in textural strength of bermuda grass stems after incubation with ruminal fungi was similar for all isolates (approximately 45%) except MC-1. All polycentric isolates reduced the strength of stems at a faster rate than the monocentric ones, with PC-3 the fastest of all cultures. Specific activities for enzymes involved in degradation of stems (cellulase, xylanase, beta-glucosidase, and beta-xylosidase) increased with time of incubation. PC-3 produced the highest activities and PC-1 the lowest (MC-1 was not tested as it grew poorly on stems). Ultrastructural studies of plant cell wall degradation by fungal isolates showed that they all had the ability to degrade the most limiting structural barrier to digestion (i.e. xylem and mestome sheath in leaves and sclerenchyma ring in stems), and could disrupt and penetrate the cuticular barrier of the leaves. The ability of anaerobic fungi to fully or partially degrade the most recalcitrant tissues to digestion resulted in a residue that would likely be more easily broken down by subsequent chewing by ruminants, thus possibly contributing to enhanced fiber flow. Substantial variations existed among fungi isolates in their ability to degrade and weaken fiber, and future work to enhance lignocellulose utilization should take into account such variations. RP AKIN, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 205 EP 221 DI 10.1016/0377-8401(90)90125-R PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ET959 UT WOS:A1990ET95900003 ER PT J AU BABATUNDE, GM POND, WG AF BABATUNDE, GM POND, WG TI NUTRITIVE-VALUE OF NIGERIAN RUBBER SEED (HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS) MEAL AND OIL .4. EFFECTS OF GRADED-LEVELS OF RUBBER SEED MEAL AND OIL ON ENERGY AND NITROGEN-UTILIZATION BY GROWING RATS SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMIPURIFIED DIETS; SOYBEAN-MEAL; PROTEIN AB Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of rubber seed meal (RBSM) and rubber seed oil (RBSO) on energy, dry matter and nitrogen (N) digestibility, and N retention of growing rats. In the first experiment, RBSM replaced 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the protein contributed by the soya-bean meal (SBM) in the control diet. The 100% RBSM substitution was either unsupplemented or supplemented with amounts of DL-methionine and L-lysine calculated to make up their concentrations to the minimum recommended National Research Council levels. In the second experiment, maize oil (MO) and RBSO replaced maize starch at 3, 6 and 9% in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. The diets in both experiments were iso-nitrogenous, containing 17% (Experiment 1) and 15% (Experiment 2) crude protein on a fresh weight basis. In Experiment 1, significant reductions were obtained in dry matter, energy and N digestibility, in absolute N retention and in the percentage of digested N retained (P < 0.01) as the level of RBSM increased. Supplementation of the 100% RBSM protein diet with methionine and lysine did not reduce the depressions in the digestibility of energy, dry matter and N, but it significantly improved N retention. In Experiment 2, the inclusion of RBSO at the three levels did not affect the digestibility of dry matter, N or energy, or N retention. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV IBADAN,DEPT ANIM SCI,IBADAN,NIGERIA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 313 EP 321 DI 10.1016/0377-8401(90)90136-V PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ET959 UT WOS:A1990ET95900014 ER PT J AU BOLT, DJ SCOTT, V KIRACOFE, GH AF BOLT, DJ SCOTT, V KIRACOFE, GH TI PLASMA-LH AND FSH AFTER ESTRADIOL, NORGESTOMET AND GN-RH TREATMENT IN OVARIECTOMIZED BEEF HEIFERS SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ANIM SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP BOLT, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST POULTRY SCI,REPROD LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 23 IS 4 BP 263 EP 271 DI 10.1016/0378-4320(90)90040-M PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA EM893 UT WOS:A1990EM89300001 ER PT J AU VANBERKUM, P AF VANBERKUM, P TI EVIDENCE FOR A 3RD UPTAKE HYDROGENASE PHENOTYPE AMONG THE SOYBEAN BRADYRHIZOBIA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article RP VANBERKUM, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NITROGEN FIXAT & SOYBEAN GENET LAB,HH-19,BLDG 011,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 43 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 56 IS 12 BP 3835 EP 3841 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA EM073 UT WOS:A1990EM07300033 PM 16348383 ER PT J AU MAGNUSON, JA KING, AD TOROK, T AF MAGNUSON, JA KING, AD TOROK, T TI MICROFLORA OF PARTIALLY PROCESSED LETTUCE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710. NR 26 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 56 IS 12 BP 3851 EP 3854 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA EM073 UT WOS:A1990EM07300035 PM 2082830 ER PT J AU COTTA, MA AF COTTA, MA TI UTILIZATION OF NUCLEIC-ACIDS BY SELENOMONAS-RUMINANTIUM AND OTHER RUMINAL BACTERIA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note RP COTTA, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 56 IS 12 BP 3867 EP 3870 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA EM073 UT WOS:A1990EM07300038 PM 1707252 ER PT J AU COTTY, PJ CLEVELAND, TE BROWN, RL MELLON, JE AF COTTY, PJ CLEVELAND, TE BROWN, RL MELLON, JE TI VARIATION IN POLYGALACTURONASE PRODUCTION AMONG ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS ISOLATES SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note RP COTTY, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 16 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 56 IS 12 BP 3885 EP 3887 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA EM073 UT WOS:A1990EM07300043 PM 2128015 ER PT J AU ROUDA, RR ANDERSON, DM MURRAY, LW SMITH, JN AF ROUDA, RR ANDERSON, DM MURRAY, LW SMITH, JN TI DISTANCE TRAVELED BY FREE-RANGING SUPPLEMENTED AND NON-SUPPLEMENTED LACTATING AND NONLACTATING COWS SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RANGELAND BEEF-COWS; GRAZING BEHAVIOR; DIGITAL PEDOMETERS; FORAGE INTAKE; CATTLE; RESPONSES; WEATHER; SYSTEMS AB Daily travel of protein supplemented and non-supplemented lactating and non-lactating mature (> 4 years of age) Santa Gertrudis X Hereford and Hereford X Santa Gertrudis crossbred cows was estimated between 29 May and 18 August 1986. The study was conducted on semidesert rangeland in south-central New Mexico. Ambient air temperatures ranged between 7 and 38-degrees-C. Relative humidity ranged between 15 and 91%, with precipitation 49% above the long-term January-August mean of 147 mm. Four lactating and 4 non-lactating cows were fed an average of 1.4 kg per head day-1 of a 41% crude protein cottonseed supplement every 3.5 days. Ten similar non-supplemented cows, 5 lactating and 5 non-lactating, were grazed with the supplemented animals in paddocks averaging > 2000 ha in size. To monitor travel, the 18 cows were each bi-pedometered with digital pedometers attached to their front legs. The least square mean travel (+/- standard error) over the 81-day study period indicated supplemented and non-supplemented cows traveled similar (P > 0.05) distances of 7.7 +/- 0.7 and 7.9 +/- 0.7 km day-1, respectively. Lactating and non-lactating cows likewise traveled similar (P > 0.05) distances of 7.6 +/- 0.7 and 8.2 +/- 0.7 km day-1, respectively. Daylight ranged between 14.2 and 13.2 h throughout the study with daily travel decreasing (P < 0.01) at a rate of 0.06 +/- < 0.01 km day-1. Mean daily cow travel was positively correlated (P < 0.01) to both total amount of precipitation received (r = 0.37) and mean hours of daylight (r = 0.35) during the period in which travel was monitored. Mean daily cow travel was negatively correlated (r = -0.21; P < 0.05) to mean daily relative humidity of the previous sampling period. However, mean daily cow travel was not (P > 0.05) correlated to mean relative humidity of the period in which travel was monitored or to total amount of precipitation received during the previous sampling period. Correlation coefficients were negative (P < 0.01) and ranged between r = -0.37 and r = 0.26 for mean daily cow travel and mean ambient air temperatures (mid-range, minimum and maximum) regardless of sampling period. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,USDA,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT EXPTL STAT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP ROUDA, RR (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 28 IS 3 BP 221 EP 232 DI 10.1016/0168-1591(90)90101-I PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA EV629 UT WOS:A1990EV62900002 ER PT J AU ROITMAN, JN MAHONEY, NE JANISIEWICZ, WJ AF ROITMAN, JN MAHONEY, NE JANISIEWICZ, WJ TI PRODUCTION AND COMPOSITION OF PHENYLPYRROLE METABOLITES PRODUCED BY PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUREOFACIENS AB In shaken cultures, a strain of Pseudomonas cepacia isolated from apple leaves produced pyrrolnitrin and four other phenylpyrrole antibiotics. The concentrations of these metabolites were determined at intervals for 7 days in three different media at two initial pH levels. Optical density measurements revealed maximum cell concentrations after 24 h in nutrient broth, after 48 h in King's B medium, and after 96 h in minimum salts solution. The effects caused by initiating fermentations at pH 5.8 rather than 7.0 were in most cases not dramatic, although in some instances, especially in minimum salts broth, higher concentrations of metabolites were produced with the lower initial pH. Concentrations of the phenylpyrrole antibiotics were greatly affected by choice of culture medium and incubation time. Concentrations of the two nitrophenyl metabolites, pyrrolnitrin and 2-chloropyrrolnitrin, rose throughout the 7-day incubation and were more than 20 times greater in minimum salts medium than in either King's B medium or nutrient broth. The maximum concentrations of each of the three aminophenyl metabolites (dichloroamino, trichloroamino and monochloroamino) occurred in different media, the monochloro compound in nutrient broth, the dichloro compound in Kings B medium and the trichloro compound in minimum salts medium. The time dependence of the concentrations of the five metabolites supports the proposed biosynthesis of these pyrroles from tryptophan by successive chlorinations followed by oxidation of the amino group at the end of the pathway. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP ROITMAN, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 15 TC 37 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 34 IS 3 BP 381 EP 386 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA ER331 UT WOS:A1990ER33100021 ER PT J AU SPENCER, DF KSANDER, GG AF SPENCER, DF KSANDER, GG TI INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE, LIGHT AND NUTRIENT LIMITATION ON ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT OF POTAMOGETON-GRAMINEUS L SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB Potamogeton gramineus L., growing in a northern Californian irrigation canal, was reddish-brown due to the presence of anthocyanin pigments. Tissue N and P were positively correlated with relative anthocyanin content. This suggests that anthocyanins did not accumulate due to N or P limitation. The anthocyanin content of P. gramineus grown in Byrnes Canal sediment, in the canal or in a greenhouse, was also unaffected by the addition of N, P, or N and P. Inorganic N concentrations in sediment samples from the Byrnes Canal were > 11 mg kg-1, which was the level of inorganic N associated with increased anthocyanin production in a greenhouse study. The addition of Fe to Byrnes Canal sediments did not influence the relative anthocyanin content of P. gramineus grown in the canal. P. gramineus grown at 25 combinations of temperature (10, 15, 25, 30 and 35-degrees-C) and light (8, 15, 22, 58 and 189 mu-mol m-2s-1) in laboratory cultures exhibited greater changes in relative chlorophyll content than in relative anthocyanin content. In general, chlorophyll decreased sharply with increasing light while anthocyanin increased slightly. In the context of the light and temperature conditions prevalent in the Byrnes Canal, the reddish-brown color of P. gramineus appears to be the consequence of a decrease in relative chlorophyll content which unmasks the anthocyanins. RP SPENCER, DF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT,AQUAT WEED LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 38 IS 4 BP 357 EP 367 DI 10.1016/0304-3770(90)90030-O PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EP480 UT WOS:A1990EP48000004 ER PT J AU PORTIS, AR AF PORTIS, AR TI PARTIAL REDUCTION IN RIBULOSE 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE ACTIVITY BY CARBOXYPEPTIDASE-A SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article RP PORTIS, AR (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,1102 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 283 IS 2 BP 397 EP 400 DI 10.1016/0003-9861(90)90660-Q PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA EN071 UT WOS:A1990EN07100026 PM 2275551 ER PT J AU CUNNANE, SC FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG AF CUNNANE, SC FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG TI DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE INFLUENCES TISSUE FATTY-ACID AND LIPID-COMPOSITION IN THE COPPER-DEFICIENT RAT SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP CUNNANE, SC (reprint author), UNIV TORONTO,FAC MED,DEPT NUTR SCI,TORONTO M5S 1A8,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD WIN PY 1990 VL 23 BP 77 EP 87 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CN453 UT WOS:A1990CN45300007 ER PT J AU RUGG, DJ BUECH, RR AF RUGG, DJ BUECH, RR TI ANALYZING TIME BUDGETS WITH MARKOV-CHAINS SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; BEHAVIOR MODELS; SIMULATION; STATISTICAL METHODS ID SEQUENCES AB Time budgets are generally estimated with data obtained by sampling fragments of animal activity. These estimates are often wrong due to nonrandom missing data, improper weighting of the observations, and bias from nonrandom sampling of initial behavior in an observation bout (pickup bias). Time budget studies also suffer from inadequate statistical analysis in comparisons of groups. Markov chain models are discussed as a solution to these sampling and analysis issues. A description of the methods used to construct and analyze these models is provided, highlighted by a simplified beaver time budget example. RP RUGG, DJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. OI Rugg, David/0000-0003-2280-8302 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 1990 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1123 EP 1131 DI 10.2307/2532453 PG 9 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA EV521 UT WOS:A1990EV52100019 ER PT J AU VERTUCCI, CW AF VERTUCCI, CW TI CALORIMETRIC STUDIES OF THE STATE OF WATER IN SEED TISSUES SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP VERTUCCI, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,COLORADO STATE UNIV CAMPUS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 36 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1463 EP 1471 PG 9 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA EK856 UT WOS:A1990EK85600010 PM 19431782 ER PT J AU TONETTI, M ASTROFF, B SATTERFIELD, W DEFLORA, A BENATTI, U DELOACH, JR AF TONETTI, M ASTROFF, B SATTERFIELD, W DEFLORA, A BENATTI, U DELOACH, JR TI CONSTRUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ADRIAMYCIN-LOADED CANINE RED-BLOOD-CELLS AS A POTENTIAL SLOW DELIVERY SYSTEM SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARRIER ERYTHROCYTES; ENCAPSULATION; LIVER; MODEL; DRUG C1 UNIV TEXAS,CTR SYST CANC,DEPT VET RESOURCES,SCI PK,BASTROP,TX 78602. UNIV GENOA,INST BIOCHEM,I-16126 GENOA,ITALY. RP TONETTI, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,VET TOXICOL,POB 810,ROUTE 5,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. OI TONETTI, MICHELA/0000-0002-8829-7173 NR 16 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0885-4513 J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 12 IS 6 BP 621 EP 629 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA EP274 UT WOS:A1990EP27400003 PM 2128736 ER PT J AU SHEFFIELD, CL DELOACH, JR AF SHEFFIELD, CL DELOACH, JR TI PREPARATION AND INVIVO EVALUATION OF 2 BOVINE HEMOGLOBIN-BASED PLASMA EXPANDERS SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STROMA-FREE HEMOGLOBIN; RED BLOOD-CELLS; LIPID-FREE HEMOGLOBIN; INOSITOL HEXAPHOSPHATE; ERYTHROCYTES; OXYGEN; SUBSTITUTES; EXCHANGE; CRYSTALLIZATION; POLYHEMOGLOBIN RP SHEFFIELD, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SPA,VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0885-4513 J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 12 IS 6 BP 630 EP 642 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA EP274 UT WOS:A1990EP27400004 PM 2092723 ER PT J AU MAZE, J ROBSON, KA BANERJEE, S BOHM, LR SCAGEL, RK AF MAZE, J ROBSON, KA BANERJEE, S BOHM, LR SCAGEL, RK TI QUANTITATIVE STUDIES IN EARLY OVULE AND FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT - DEVELOPMENTAL CONSTRAINTS IN BALSAMORHIZA SAGITTATA AND B HOOKERI SO BOTANICAL GAZETTE LA English DT Article ID SELECTION; CHARACTERS; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; MODEL; SHAPE AB In this study, developmental constraint was estimated by the correlation matrices for three developmental stages for achenes and ovules for two plants in two species of Balsamorhiza, B. sagittata and B. hookeri. Two comparisons were made, a statistical test of the equality of correlation matrices for contiguous stages of development and a graphic comparison of variable interrelationships for each stage of development for each individual plant. Individual instances of both developmentally related changes and stasis in correlation matrices were encountered more often in achenes than in ovules and in B. sagittata more than in B. hookeri. Based on these results, the concept of developmental constraints seems to refer to a specific relationship among variables at any one time as well as the way that relationship changes with time. In this context, developmental constraints may form the intrinsic "rules" that organisms follow as they develop. In formal explanations of evolution and ontogeny, developmental constraints - the "rules" - are part of the premises and cannot be a causal agent. In other words, the rules of a developmental "grammar" do not, by themselves, provide a full explanation for the "language" of morphogenesis. In the view that the increasing complexity accompanying development reflects the dissipation of energy into the characteristic form of an organism, the primary causal agent of development may be the second law of thermodynamics. C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. RARE PLANT CONSORTIUM,FORESTRY SCI LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. PACIFIC PHOTOMETR LTD,SURREY V4A 6A5,BC,CANADA. RP MAZE, J (reprint author), UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT BOT,VANCOUVER V6T 2B1,BC,CANADA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0006-8071 J9 BOT GAZ PD DEC PY 1990 VL 151 IS 4 BP 415 EP 422 DI 10.1086/337841 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FC758 UT WOS:A1990FC75800001 ER PT J AU DOLLOFF, CA REEVES, GH AF DOLLOFF, CA REEVES, GH TI MICROHABITAT PARTITIONING AMONG STREAM-DWELLING JUVENILE COHO SALMON, ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH, AND DOLLY VARDEN, SALVELINUS-MALMA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99802. MONTANA STATE UNIV,MONTANA COOPERAT FISHERY RES UNIT,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. US FOREST SERV,FOREST SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 21 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 47 IS 12 BP 2297 EP 2306 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA EM311 UT WOS:A1990EM31100004 ER PT J AU BONDIETTI, EA MOMOSHIMA, N SHORTLE, WC SMITH, KT AF BONDIETTI, EA MOMOSHIMA, N SHORTLE, WC SMITH, KT TI A HISTORICAL-PERSPECTIVE ON DIVALENT-CATION TRENDS IN RED SPRUCE STEMWOOD AND THE HYPOTHETICAL RELATIONSHIP TO ACIDIC DEPOSITION SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; L KARST STANDS; DECLINE; FORESTS; GROWTH; PERFORMANCE; NUTRIENTS; CLIMATE; RINGS; FIR AB Anomalies in the radial concentration trends of Ca2+, Mg2+, and other divalent cations in the stemwood of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) occurred in trees grown in New England, Tennessee, and North Carolina. These anomalies may be assumed to result from changes in sap chemistry. These inferred changes in sap chemistry were the expected result of changes of divalent cation availability in forest soils. The patterns of these anomalies may be interpreted as a signal of a regional mobilization of cations in the rooting zone of red spruce. The anomalous increase in divalent cations present in wood formed in the mid-1900s is coincident both with rapid increases in SO(x) and NO(x) deposition in eastern North America and with increases in radial growth increment. The anomalous decrease in divalent cations in wood formed in the late-1900s is coincident with declines in radial increment. Comparisons with divalent cation trends in eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.), Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt. = B. lutea Michx.) suggested that these anomalies were not restricted to red spruce. Radial concentration trends of Sr-90 introduced to the environment through radioactive fallout during the 1950s and 1960s were used to investigate the physiology of these divalent cation concentration anomalies. The distributions of Sr-90 were also used to estimate the turnover rates for the nutritionally available pools of alkaline earths such as calcium. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 31 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1850 EP 1858 DI 10.1139/x90-248 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EP006 UT WOS:A1990EP00600004 ER PT J AU LUGO, AE AF LUGO, AE TI REMOVAL OF EXOTIC ORGANISMS SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP LUGO, AE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,RWU 4151,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 4 IS 4 BP 345 EP 345 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00302.x PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EN685 UT WOS:A1990EN68500002 ER PT J AU KURTZMAN, CP LIU, ZW AF KURTZMAN, CP LIU, ZW TI EVOLUTIONARY AFFINITIES OF SPECIES ASSIGNED TO LIPOMYCES AND MYXOZYMA ESTIMATED FROM RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCE DIVERGENCE SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article RP KURTZMAN, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 21 IS 6 BP 387 EP 393 DI 10.1007/BF02199443 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EG815 UT WOS:A1990EG81500009 ER PT J AU NIWANO, Y BECKER, BA MITRA, R CALDWELL, CW ABDALLA, EB JOHNSON, HD AF NIWANO, Y BECKER, BA MITRA, R CALDWELL, CW ABDALLA, EB JOHNSON, HD TI SUPPRESSED PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTE BLASTOGENESIS IN PREPARTAL AND POSTPARTAL SHEEP BY CHRONIC HEAT-STRESS, AND SUPPRESSIVE PROPERTY OF HEAT-STRESSED SHEEP SERUM ON LYMPHOCYTES SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT DAIRY SCI,114 ANIM SCI RES CTR,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. USDA ARS,ANIM PHYSIOL & NUTR UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT PATHOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD WIN PY 1990 VL 14 IS 1 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1016/0145-305X(90)90016-8 PG 11 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA CW097 UT WOS:A1990CW09700015 PM 2338153 ER PT J AU PITCAIRN, MJ GETZ, WM WILLIAMS, DW AF PITCAIRN, MJ GETZ, WM WILLIAMS, DW TI RESOURCE AVAILABILITY AND PARASITOID ABUNDANCE IN THE ANALYSIS OF HOST-PARASITOID DATA SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Note C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DIV BIOL CONTROL,ALBANY,CA 94706. USDA ARS,BENEFICIAL INSECTS RES LAB,NEWARK,DE 19713. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 1990 VL 71 IS 6 BP 2372 EP 2374 DI 10.2307/1938648 PG 3 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EL096 UT WOS:A1990EL09600032 ER PT J AU NORDLUND, DA MORRISON, RK AF NORDLUND, DA MORRISON, RK TI HANDLING TIME, PREY PREFERENCE, AND FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE FOR CHRYSOPERLA-RUFILABRIS IN THE LABORATORY SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,PEST MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77841. NR 19 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 57 IS 3 BP 237 EP 242 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EM954 UT WOS:A1990EM95400005 ER PT J AU TORCHIO, PF AF TORCHIO, PF TI DIVERSIFICATION OF POLLINATION STRATEGIES FOR UNITED-STATES CROPS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article RP TORCHIO, PF (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BEE BIOL & SYST LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 53 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 13 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1649 EP 1656 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EM952 UT WOS:A1990EM95200001 ER PT J AU WILSON, DD SON, KC SEVERSON, RF KAYS, SJ AF WILSON, DD SON, KC SEVERSON, RF KAYS, SJ TI EFFECT OF A PENTACYCLIC TRITERPENE FROM SWEET-POTATO STORAGE ROOTS ON OVIPOSITION BY THE SWEET-POTATO WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,TOBACCO SAFETY RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP WILSON, DD (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1663 EP 1665 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EM952 UT WOS:A1990EM95200003 ER PT J AU ESKAFI, FM FERNANDEZ, A AF ESKAFI, FM FERNANDEZ, A TI LARVAL-PUPAL MORTALITY OF MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) FROM INTERACTION OF SOIL, MOISTURE, AND TEMPERATURE SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 USDA,HONOLULU,HI 96804. NR 11 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1666 EP 1670 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EM952 UT WOS:A1990EM95200004 ER PT J AU WELLSO, SG HOXIE, RP TAYLOR, PL AF WELLSO, SG HOXIE, RP TAYLOR, PL TI A COMPARISON OF PLANT-PARAMETERS AND SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES OF RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE WHEAT INFESTED WITH BIOTYPE-E HESSIAN FLIES (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article RP WELLSO, SG (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT ENTOMOL,INSECT & WEED CONTROL RES UNIT,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1698 EP 1701 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EM952 UT WOS:A1990EM95200009 ER PT J AU JANG, EB NISHIJIMA, KA AF JANG, EB NISHIJIMA, KA TI IDENTIFICATION AND ATTRACTANCY OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH DACUS-DORSALIS (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article RP JANG, EB (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 20 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1726 EP 1731 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EM952 UT WOS:A1990EM95200014 ER PT J AU VARGAS, RI STARK, JD NISHIDA, T AF VARGAS, RI STARK, JD NISHIDA, T TI POPULATION-DYNAMICS, HABITAT PREFERENCE, AND SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY AND MELON FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) IN AN AGRICULTURAL AREA SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 UNIV HAWAII,DEPT ENTOMOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP VARGAS, RI (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 2280,KAPAA,HI 96746, USA. NR 10 TC 58 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1820 EP 1828 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EM952 UT WOS:A1990EM95200027 ER PT J AU FLINT, HM YAMAMOTO, A PARKS, NJ NYOMURA, K AF FLINT, HM YAMAMOTO, A PARKS, NJ NYOMURA, K TI AERIAL CONCENTRATIONS OF GOSSYPLURE, THE SEX-PHEROMONE OF THE PINK-BOLLWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, GELECHIIDAE), IN COTTON FIELDS TREATED WITH LONG-LASTING DISPENSERS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 SHIN ETSU CHEM CO LTD,RES & DEV LAB,JYOETSU,NIIGATA,JAPAN. RP FLINT, HM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1845 EP 1851 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EM952 UT WOS:A1990EM95200030 ER PT J AU RYAN, RB AF RYAN, RB TI EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL, INTRODUCED PARASITES OF LARCH CASEBEARER (LEPIDOPTERA, COLEOPHORIDAE) IN OREGON SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,LA GRANDE,OR 97850. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1873 EP 1881 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EM952 UT WOS:A1990EM95200034 ER PT J AU LADIZINSKY, G WEEDEN, NF MUEHLBAUER, FJ AF LADIZINSKY, G WEEDEN, NF MUEHLBAUER, FJ TI TERTIARY TRISOMICS IN LENTIL SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE LENTIL; TRISOMY; MEIOSIS; FERTILITY; TRANSMISSION ID EMBRYO CULTURE; GENUS LENS AB Tertiary trisomics have been selected among derivatives of hybrids between the cultivated lentil and its wild progenitor Lens orientalis, and between the cultivated species and L. ervoides. Hybrids heterozygotes to a single translocation were more useful as a source of trisomic plants then those heterozygotes to a number of translocations. The trisomic plants were weeker compared to the euploid plants and many have not reached maturity. The meiosis, fertility and transmission rate of the extra chromosome were studied in a single trisomic line. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. CORNELL UNIV,GENEVA,NY 14456. RP LADIZINSKY, G (reprint author), HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,FAC AGR,POB 12,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD DEC PY 1990 VL 51 IS 2 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA EV490 UT WOS:A1990EV49000011 ER PT J AU EIZENGA, GC CORNELIUS, PL AF EIZENGA, GC CORNELIUS, PL TI COMPARISON OF THE ISOZYME VARIATION IN TALL FESCUE PARENTS AND THEIR SOMACLONES SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; TALL FESCUE; CHROMOSOME PAIRING; ELECTROPHORESIS; ISOENZYME; MEIOTIC ANALYSES; SOMACLONAL VARIATION; TISSUE CULTURE ID MAIZE; WHEAT AB This study was conducted using the isozymes ACP-1, ADH-1, GOT-2, GOT-3, MDH, 6-PGD-1 and PGI-2 to: a) compare isozyme banding patterns of tall fescue somaclones with parents and b) correlate tissue culture-induced chromosome abnormalities with variant banding patterns. The 174 somaclones were grouped into seven categories based on their meiotic analyses and time of regeneration from culture. Differences in isozyme frequency between categories compared by chi-square tests were greatest for MDH, 6-PGD-1 and PGI-2, and least for ACP-1. The most significant differences in frequency were found between somaclones and parents. In comparisons of somaclone categories, the most different isozyme distributions were between the early vs. late regenerated somaclones. No significant differences in isozyme frequencies were found between all 42-chromosome somaclones vs. aneuploid somaclones and the three somaclone groups (42-normal, 42-abnormal, aneuploid) compared to each other. This study suggests that culture-induced isozyme variation alters the distribution of the isozyme phenotypes but is not directly correlated with chromosome abnormalities. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT STAT,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP EIZENGA, GC (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD DEC PY 1990 VL 51 IS 3 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.1007/BF00039726 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA EV494 UT WOS:A1990EV49400008 ER PT J AU APPEL, DN KURDYLA, T LEWIS, R AF APPEL, DN KURDYLA, T LEWIS, R TI NITIDULIDS AS VECTORS OF THE OAK WILT FUNGUS AND OTHER CERATOCYSTIS SPP IN TEXAS SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PICEAE; FAGACEARUM AB Sap-feeding nitidulid beetles were trapped for 15 months at four oak wilt centers in central Texas and assayed for the presence of Ceratocystis fagacearum. Levels of contamination with the pathogen ranged 0.3 % (Kerrville) - 2.0 % (Austin); also detected were C. piceae at slightly higher levels and a low number of beetles carrying C. pluriannulata. The percentages of contaminated beetles were similar to those reported for other parts of the oak wilt range in the USA, but probable species differences in Texas were detected. C1 NE FOREST EXPT STN,BROOMALL,PA 19008. RP APPEL, DN (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0300-1237 J9 EUR J FOREST PATHOL JI Eur. J. Forest Pathol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 20 IS 6-7 BP 412 EP 417 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EY947 UT WOS:A1990EY94700013 ER PT J AU MACKO, V STIMMEL, MB PEETERS, H WOLPERT, TJ DUNKLE, LD ACKLIN, W BANTELI, R JAUN, B ARIGONI, D AF MACKO, V STIMMEL, MB PEETERS, H WOLPERT, TJ DUNKLE, LD ACKLIN, W BANTELI, R JAUN, B ARIGONI, D TI THE STRUCTURE OF CIRCINATIN, A NONTOXIC METABOLITE FROM THE PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGUS PERICONIA-CIRCINATA SO EXPERIENTIA LA English DT Article DE MILO DISEASE OF SORGHUM; PERICONIA-CIRCINATA; CIRCINATIN; D-CYCLOLYSINE; D-ASPARTIC ACID; 3-(E-PENT-1'-ENYL)-GLUTARIC ACID ID NMR AB A new non-toxic metabolite, circinatin, has been isolated from culture filtrates of the fungus Periconia circinata grown under modified conditions which suppress the normal production of host-specific toxins. The structure of the new compound has been established as in 1 by combination of instrumental analysis and chemical degradation. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. SWISS FED INST TECHNOL,ORGAN CHEM LAB,CH-8092 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RP MACKO, V (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,BOYCE THOMPSON INST PLANT RES,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0014-4754 J9 EXPERIENTIA JI Experientia PD DEC 1 PY 1990 VL 46 IS 11-12 BP 1206 EP 1209 DI 10.1007/BF01936938 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EQ593 UT WOS:A1990EQ59300022 ER PT J AU BARNARD, DR AF BARNARD, DR TI CATTLE BREED ALTERS REPRODUCTION IN AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM (ACARI, IXODIDAE) SO EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Female Amblyomma americanum [L.] that feed on Bos taurus cattle weigh significantly (P = 0.05) more (xBAR = 505.4 mg) than females that feed on B. indicus x B. taurus cattle (xBAR = 450.7 mg) but not females that feed on B. indicus cattle (xBAR = 489.7 mg). Females that feed on B. taurus cattle lay more eggs (xBAR = 3492) and produce more larvae (xBAR = 3243) than females that feed on B. indicus cattle (xBAR = 3103 eggs; 2926 larvae) or B. indicus x B. taurus cattle (xBAR = 2961 eggs; 2759 larvae). The number of eggs produced per unit engorged female weight is not significantly different in ticks that feed on B. taurus and B. indicus x B. taurus cattle. RP BARNARD, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECTS AFFECTING MAN & ANIM RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 10 IS 2 BP 105 EP 109 DI 10.1007/BF01194086 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EW151 UT WOS:A1990EW15100002 PM 2081445 ER PT J AU WALSH, SRA TYRRELL, D HUMBER, RA SILVER, JC AF WALSH, SRA TYRRELL, D HUMBER, RA SILVER, JC TI DNA RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS IN THE RDNA REPEAT UNIT OF ENTOMOPHAGA SO EXPERIMENTAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; FUNGUS COCHLIOBOLUS-HETEROSTROPHUS; DUCHENNE MUSCULAR-DYSTROPHY; CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSES; HEMLOCK LOOPER HEMOCYTES; SPRUCE BUDWORM LARVAE; GYPSY-MOTH HEMOCYTES; COPRINUS-CINEREUS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA C1 UNIV TORONTO,DEPT MICROBIOL,SCARBOROUGH CAMPUS,SCARBOROUGH M1C 1A4,ONTARIO,CANADA. UNIV TORONTO,DIV LIFE SCI,SCARBOROUGH M1C 1A4,ONTARIO,CANADA. FOREST PEST MANAGEMENT INST,SAULT ST MARIE P6A 5M7,ONTARIO,CANADA. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 61 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-5975 J9 EXP MYCOL JI Exp. Mycol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 14 IS 4 BP 381 EP 392 DI 10.1016/0147-5975(90)90061-W PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Mycology SC Plant Sciences; Mycology GA EP133 UT WOS:A1990EP13300009 ER PT J AU STOCKLE, CO KINIRY, JR AF STOCKLE, CO KINIRY, JR TI VARIABILITY IN CROP RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY ASSOCIATED WITH VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; WATER-STRESS; AIR HUMIDITY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSPIRATION; CONDUCTANCE; LEAVES; INTERCEPTION; RESPONSES; STOMATA AB The ratio of the amount of crop dry-matter produced per unit of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation is usually referred to as radiation-use efficiency (RUE). Large within-species variability in RUE has been reported for a number of species growing with adequate moisture and nutrients. This variability raises questions concerning the generality of the approach for plant-growth analysis and modeling. Available data suggest that increased vapor-pressure difference between substomatal air and the air surrounding the leaves may lead to reductions in leaf conductance and photosynthetic capacity of well-watered plants, and therefore to RUE reductions. The coefficient of determination (r2) of linear regressions of reported RUE values as a function of daily saturation vapor-pressure deficit (DELTA-e) were calculated for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and maize (Zea mays). Decreased RUE was associated with increased DELTA-e in well-watered conditions, explaining a large portion of the RUE variability. Effects of DELTA-e should be considered when the RUE concept is used to estimate biomass accumulation. C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,BLACKLAND RES CTR,TEMPLE,TX. USDA ARS,TEMPLE,TX 76501. NR 34 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 25 IS 3-4 BP 171 EP 181 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(90)90001-R PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA ET596 UT WOS:A1990ET59600001 ER PT J AU STOETZEL, MB AF STOETZEL, MB TI SOME APHIDS OF IMPORTANCE TO THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 73RD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC CY AUG 06-07, 1990 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP FLORIDA ENTOMOL SOC RP STOETZEL, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 73 IS 4 BP 580 EP 586 DI 10.2307/3495272 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EN008 UT WOS:A1990EN00800005 ER PT J AU STOETZEL, MB HILBURN, DJ AF STOETZEL, MB HILBURN, DJ TI THE APHIDS AND PHYLLOXERA OF BERMUDA (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE AND PHYLLOXERIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 DEPT AGR & FISHERIES,HAMILTON HMCX,BERMUDA. RP STOETZEL, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 73 IS 4 BP 627 EP 643 DI 10.2307/3495277 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EN008 UT WOS:A1990EN00800010 ER PT J AU WIRTH, WW AF WIRTH, WW TI BITING MIDGES OF THE SUBGENUS SCHIZOFORCIPOMYIA OF FORCIPOMYIA IN NORTH-AMERICA (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 USDA,SYST ENTOMOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP WIRTH, WW (reprint author), FLORIDA STATE COLLECT ARTHROPODS,1304 NW 94TH ST,GAINESVILLE,FL 32606, USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 73 IS 4 BP 649 EP 655 DI 10.2307/3495279 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EN008 UT WOS:A1990EN00800012 ER PT J AU SIMMONS, AM LYNCH, RE AF SIMMONS, AM LYNCH, RE TI EGG-PRODUCTION AND ADULT LONGEVITY OF SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA, HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE), AND ELASMOPALPUS-LIGNOSELLUS (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) ON SELECTED ADULT DIETS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article RP SIMMONS, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 73 IS 4 BP 665 EP 671 DI 10.2307/3495282 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EN008 UT WOS:A1990EN00800015 ER PT J AU JOUVENAZ, DP WOJCIK, DP AF JOUVENAZ, DP WOJCIK, DP TI PARASITIC NEMATODE OBSERVED IN THE FIRE ANT, SOLENOPSIS-RICHTERI, IN ARGENTINA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note RP JOUVENAZ, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECTS AFFECTING MAN & ANIM RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 73 IS 4 BP 674 EP 675 DI 10.2307/3495284 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EN008 UT WOS:A1990EN00800017 ER PT J AU SCHROEDER, WJ AF SCHROEDER, WJ TI SUPPRESSION OF DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) ADULT EMERGENCE WITH SOIL APPLICATION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES (NEMATODA, RHABDITIDA) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note RP SCHROEDER, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 73 IS 4 BP 680 EP 683 DI 10.2307/3495287 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EN008 UT WOS:A1990EN00800020 ER PT J AU REED, HC LANDOLT, PJ AF REED, HC LANDOLT, PJ TI QUEENS OF THE SOUTHERN YELLOWJACKET, VESPULA-SQUAMOSA, PRODUCE SEX ATTRACTANT (HYMENOPTERA, VESPIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note RP REED, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 73 IS 4 BP 687 EP 689 DI 10.2307/3495289 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EN008 UT WOS:A1990EN00800022 ER PT J AU Christianson, DD Bagley, EB AF Christianson, D. D. Bagley, E. B. TI Behavior of corn, wheat and rice starch gels in uniaxial compression SO FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS LA English DT Article AB Corn, wheat and rice starch dispersions (7 and 10% dry solids) were heated at 80, 94 and 121 degrees C for 30 min under mild shear conditions and at 121 degrees C under high shear. The cooked starch slurries were poured into ring molds and held therein at room temperature for 24 h. The gels were then removed from the molds and their rheological properties, measured in lubricated uniaxial compression, were determined. The starch gels prepared at 94 and 121 degrees C behaved as neo-Hookean materials at low deformation so that an apparent initial cross-link density could be calculated. Gels prepared at 80 degrees C, composed mainly of swollen granules with little soluble exudate, did not show this initial neo-Hookean response. Wheat and rice starch gels could not be formed from samples prepared at 121 degrees C under high shear conditions. The corn starch dispersion prepared under these conditions did form a gel but it was very weak with a low apparent cross-link density. Particle size can have a significant effect, fine particles giving a weaker gel. C1 [Christianson, D. D.; Bagley, E. B.] ARS, No Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Christianson, DD (reprint author), ARS, No Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-005X J9 FOOD HYDROCOLLOID JI Food Hydrocolloids PD DEC PY 1990 VL 4 IS 4 BP 289 EP 298 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA V10IS UT WOS:000207458300004 ER PT J AU HOF, JG KENT, BM AF HOF, JG KENT, BM TI NONLINEAR-PROGRAMMING APPROACHES TO MULTISTAND TIMBER HARVEST SCHEDULING SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LINEAR PROGRAMMING; CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; OPTIMAL CONTROL THEORY ID OPTIMIZATION AB This paper describes several nonlinear programming formulations of multistand (analysis area) timber harvest scheduling problems and compares these formulations with more traditional approaches. The strengths of the nonlinear programming approaches include the abilities to represent explicit nonlinear timber yield functions and to define continuous harvest timing variables. Optimal control theory has these capabilities but, to date, the technique has not proven applicable to multistand problems or to problems with common exogenous constraints. Linear programming works well with multistand problems but utilizes piecewise approximations of yield functions and discrete time periods. Both nonlinear and linear programming can accommodate common programming constraints such as output targets and limits on inputs. The nonlinear programming formulations were solved using a version of the generalized reduced gradient algorithm. It was discovered that a local optimum exists for each number of harvests on each analysis area. Because nonlinear programming finds local optima, the global optimum was determined with multiple advanced starts. A nonlinear programming formulation that can handle time-period-based constraints is provided, but could not be solved. RP HOF, JG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 36 IS 4 BP 894 EP 907 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EQ835 UT WOS:A1990EQ83500004 ER PT J AU LOFTIS, DL AF LOFTIS, DL TI PREDICTING POSTHARVEST PERFORMANCE OF ADVANCE RED OAK REPRODUCTION IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE REGENERATION; LOGISTIC REGRESSION AB Models are presented for predicting: (1) height growth of red oak advance reproduction after clearcutting, and (2) the probability of stems becoming dominants or codominants in new stands as a function of preharvest size of advance reproduction and site quality. The second model permits silviculturists to predict, prior to harvest, the contribution to a new stand of an existing population of advance red oak reproduction. RP LOFTIS, DL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ASHEVILLE,NC 28806, USA. NR 23 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 36 IS 4 BP 908 EP 916 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EQ835 UT WOS:A1990EQ83500005 ER PT J AU LOFTIS, DL AF LOFTIS, DL TI A SHELTERWOOD METHOD FOR REGENERATING RED OAK IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE REGENERATION; PRESCRIBED FIRE AB A shelterwood method is described that provides stand conditions that enhance the growth of established red oak advance reproduction, thereby improving the chances of maintaining an oak component in the next stand. Stocking of a mature, fully stocked stand is reduced to 60%, 65%, and 70% of initial stand basal area where oak site index is 70, 80, and 90 ft, respectively. The basal area reduction is accomplished from below using herbicides, leaving the main canopy essentially intact. This level and method of treatment prevents yellow-poplar, a primary competitor of red oak, from becoming established and growing prior to the final removal cut, and it eliminates most sprout competition from shade-tolerant subcanopy species after the final removal cut. The final removal cut can be made approximately 10 years after the initial treatment. RP LOFTIS, DL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ASHEVILLE,NC 28806, USA. NR 23 TC 131 Z9 136 U1 5 U2 14 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 36 IS 4 BP 917 EP 929 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EQ835 UT WOS:A1990EQ83500006 ER PT J AU VANDEUSEN, PC AF VANDEUSEN, PC TI CRITICAL HEIGHT VERSUS IMPORTANCE SAMPLING FOR LOG VOLUME - DOES CRITICAL HEIGHT PREVAIL SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ANTITHETIC VARIATES; CONTROL VARIATES; TAPER FUNCTION AB The estimator developed in Van Deusen (1987) is generalized to allow for unbiased estimation of log or tree volume using the critical height method. Comparisons are made with importance sampling (Gregoire et al. 1986) that suggest that the critical height method is more efficient and robust. The critical height method also requires fewer computations in the field. RP VANDEUSEN, PC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,SE FOREST EXPT STN,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 36 IS 4 BP 930 EP 938 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EQ835 UT WOS:A1990EQ83500007 ER PT J AU HOF, JG BALTIC, TJ AF HOF, JG BALTIC, TJ TI COST-EFFECTIVENESS FROM REGIONAL OPTIMIZATION IN THE USDA-FOREST-SERVICE SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LINEAR PROGRAMMING; FOREST PLANNING; REGIONAL PLANNING; MULTILEVEL OPTIMIZATION AB This paper addresses the potential for improving cost effectiveness in the National Forest System through large-scale optimization. It is shown theoretically why allocations of output targets and budgets across National Forests should be expected to be inefficient in the absence of large-scale optimization analysis. And, conservative estimates of the potential for cost savings from large-scale optimization are developed using a multilevel optimization model. These estimates indicate that the output levels in the current "preferred alternatives" in Forest Service land management planning could be achieved for at least 1 to 11% less cost if outputs and budgets were allocated more efficiently across forests. RP HOF, JG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 36 IS 4 BP 939 EP 954 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EQ835 UT WOS:A1990EQ83500008 ER PT J AU GEILS, BW MATHIASEN, RL AF GEILS, BW MATHIASEN, RL TI INTENSIFICATION OF DWARF MISTLETOE ON SOUTHWESTERN DOUGLAS-FIR SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; ARCEUTHOBIUM-DOUGLASII; DISEASE RATING; MODELS ID PONDEROSA PINE; SPREAD; SIMULATION; INFECTION; HEMLOCK; MODEL AB From a sample of 445 Douglas-fir trees infected with dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium douglasii), three models for predicting mistletoe intensification are developed. Two models relate the mean rate of intensification since the tree became infected to initial and current tree conditions; the third one describes the proportion of trees that increased by 0, 1, 2, or more classes of dwarf mistletoe infection (DMR) in the past 10 years. The models suggest that the rate of intensification is most rapid (2 DMR classes per decade) for severely infected trees of small diameter and slowest (0.5 DMR classes per decade) for lightly infected trees of large diameter. Intensification within a tree increases with the abundance of mistletoe in nearby, larger trees and with stand basal area. No other significant relations were found between rates of intensification and site or stand factors such as habitat type, site productivity, or stand composition. A comparison of mistletoe ratings for standing trees and ratings for carefully examined felled trees indicates that trees can be correctly rated by standard procedures about 75% of the time. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT REG,OGDEN,UT 84401. RP GEILS, BW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 40 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 36 IS 4 BP 955 EP 969 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EQ835 UT WOS:A1990EQ83500009 ER PT J AU DEHAYES, DH WAITE, CE INGLE, MA WILLIAMS, MW AF DEHAYES, DH WAITE, CE INGLE, MA WILLIAMS, MW TI WINTER INJURY SUSCEPTIBILITY AND COLD TOLERANCE OF CURRENT AND YEAR-OLD NEEDLES OF RED SPRUCE TREES FROM SEVERAL PROVENANCES SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CRITICAL TEMPERATURE; RED SPRUCE DECLINE; BALSAM FIR ID GENETIC-VARIATION; WATER RELATIONS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; DESICCATION; HARDINESS; DECLINE; DAMAGE AB Winter injury to red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) tree from 12 provenances in a plantation near Colebrook, NH, was described and quantified in spring 1986 through 1989. Winter injury was found exclusively on current-year needles (i.e., buds and twigs were virtually uninjured), and 34% to 68% of tree were injured each year. Laboratory assessments of cold tolerance of current and year-old needles of trees representing four red spruce and four balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.] Mill.) provenances indicated that current-year needles of red spruce, but not balsam fir, were 8-degrees to 12-degrees-C less cold tolerant than year-old needles in late autumn and early winter. Also, throughout the winter, current-year needles of red spruce were about 10-degrees-C less cold tolerant on average than those of balsam fir, a sympatric species that does not suffer winter injury. Thus it appears that a "window" of freezing injury susceptibility exists naturally for red spruce in early winter. Provenance differences in foliar winter injury and percentage of trees injured were highly significant in 1986, 1987, and 1989, and marginally significant in 1988. Trees from Quebec, New York, and New Brunswick were consistently among the least injured each winter, whereas trees from Massachusetts and New Hampshire were consistently among the most injured. It is likely that repeated winter injury is a major contributor to the reported decline of red spruce in northern forests. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. RP DEHAYES, DH (reprint author), UNIV VERMONT,SCH NAT RESOURCES,BURLINGTON,VT 05405, USA. NR 28 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 36 IS 4 BP 982 EP 994 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EQ835 UT WOS:A1990EQ83500011 ER PT J AU COLBERT, SR JOKELA, EJ NEARY, DG AF COLBERT, SR JOKELA, EJ NEARY, DG TI EFFECTS OF ANNUAL FERTILIZATION AND SUSTAINED WEED-CONTROL ON DRY-MATTER PARTITIONING, LEAF-AREA, AND GROWTH EFFICIENCY OF JUVENILE LOBLOLLY AND SLASH PINE SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIOMASS; COMPETITION; PINUS-TAEDA; P-ELLIOTTII; PRODUCTIVITY; SPECIFIC LEAF AREA ID PLANTATIONS; CANOPY; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; BIOMASS; YIELD; SOIL AB Productivity and stand development of juvenile loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (P. elliottii Engelm, var. elliottii) were investigated using a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment (species, fertilization, weed control) in north-central Florida. After four growing seasons, annual fertilization and complete weed control produced similar levels of response, increasing aboveground biomass 700% for loblolly pine and 300% for slash pine. The combined treatment improved total dry matter production 1600% (from 1.9 to 32.2 Mg ha-1) for loblolly pine and 450% (from 4.3 to 23.6 Mg ha-1) for slash pine. Equally large treatment-associated increases (up to 1210%) in all-sided leaf area index were measured. Cultural treatments increased the proportional allocations of dry matter to stem wood, stem bark, and branches for both species, a consequence of accelerated stand development. Regardless of treatment, dry matter partitioning to bole (stem wood and stem bark) tissues was greater for slash than loblolly pine (58 vs. 44%), whereas the opposite was true for the crown (foliage and branches) components (42 vs. 57%). Bole production per unit leaf area (growth efficiency) improved with increasing intensity of cultural treatments and was significantly greater for slash than loblolly pine. Results indicate that the potential to increase southern pine productivity on Lower Coastal Plain flatwoods sites is large, and that soil-plant nutrient availability is an important limiting factor. C1 US FOREST SERV,GAINESVILLE,FL. RP COLBERT, SR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT FORESTRY,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 42 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 36 IS 4 BP 995 EP 1014 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EQ835 UT WOS:A1990EQ83500012 ER PT J AU HAIGHT, RG AF HAIGHT, RG TI FEEDBACK THINNING POLICIES FOR UNEVEN-AGED STAND MANAGEMENT WITH STOCHASTIC PRICES SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FOREST MANAGEMENT; OPTIMAL HARVESTING; RISK; WHITE FIR; ABIES-CONCOLOR ID FOREST TAXATION; CAPITAL-MARKETS; UNCERTAINTY AB This paper presents an optimization model and a numerical method for determining feedback thinning rules for uneven-aged stand management when the stumpage price forecast is a stochastic process. Periodic thinning takes place over a finite time horizon, and the objective is to maximize expected present value. The thinning rules are based on a continuous function that maps the relationship between harvest intensity and observed stand value. The parameters of the function include its slope, location, and shape. The location parameter is defined as the stand reservation value, which is the minimum stand value required for harvest. Optimal parameter values are determined using stochastic simulation. Numerical results are presented using a stage-structured model for uneven-aged stands of California white fir (Abies concolor [Gord. & Glend.] Lindl. (Iowiana [Gord.]). Stumpage price is the sum of a deterministic constant and a normally distributed random error. With these assumptions, optimal feedback thinning policies have significantly higher expected present values than do thinning policies that ignore price fluctuations. However, feedback policies have greater volatility in harvest revenue over time. Sensitivity analysis shows that the expected present value of optimal feedback management increases as the level of price risk increases. RP HAIGHT, RG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,BOX 12254,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. NR 17 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1015 EP 1031 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EQ835 UT WOS:A1990EQ83500013 ER PT J AU WALTERS, GA BARTHOLOMEW, DP AF WALTERS, GA BARTHOLOMEW, DP TI ADAPTATION OF ACACIA-KOA LEAVES AND PHYLLODES TO CHANGES IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOTON FLUX-DENSITY SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CO2-EXCHANGE RATE; DARK RESPIRATION; CHLOROPHYLL; TOTAL SOLUBLE PROTEIN; RIBULOSE 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE ID SHADE PLANTS AB Koa (Acacia koa Gray) seedlings were grown under full sunlight (HH treatment) and under 27% of full sunlight (LL treatment). Some of these seedlings were moved to the opposite light intensity to form two additional treatments-HL and LH. Phyllodes developed only on seedlings in the HH treatment. If seedlings with phyllodes were placed under shade, leaves instead of phyllodes developed at the terminal. Leaflets of leaves in the HH treatment were smaller but thicker and had lower specific leaf areas than those in the LL treatment. Koa leaves in the HH and LL treatments had similar photosynthetic characteristics. Leaves in the HH treatment had higher ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase levels and lower chlorophyll levels than leaves in the LL treatment. When seedlings were moved to the opposite light intensity, leaves and phyllodes adapted both morphologically and physiologically to the altered photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). Leaves and phyllodes that were only partially developed when the PPFD changed showed greater adaptive potential than those that were fully developed. Generally, leaves and phyllodes adapted by developing morphological and physiological characteristics of those grown continuously in the new PPFD. There were no detectable deleterious affects to exposing leaves or phyllodes to increased or decreased PPFDs. C1 UNIV HAWAII MANOA,DEPT AGRON & SOIL SCI,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP WALTERS, GA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & EXPT STN,REDDING,CA, USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1050 EP 1060 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EQ835 UT WOS:A1990EQ83500015 ER PT J AU WYKOFF, WR AF WYKOFF, WR TI A BASAL AREA INCREMENT MODEL FOR INDIVIDUAL CONIFERS IN THE NORTHERN ROCKY-MOUNTAINS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DIAMETER INCREMENT; TREE-GROWTH MODELING; STAND PROJECTION; SIMULATION ID HEIGHT GROWTH; HABITAT TYPE; TREE GROWTH; REGRESSION; DIAMETER AB A basal area increment model is developed and evaluated for individual trees of 11 conifer species. This distance-independent model is applicable over much of the northern Rockies, an extensive region where stands have considerable variation in species composition, age structure, and past management. The model represents the diverse ecological requirements of the various species and responds appropriately across the observed range of predictor variables. Furthermore, it is well behaved even when used for conditions found in the region but not represented in the large calibration data set (44,086 trees). In addition, it possesses desirable statistical properties such as homogeneous residual variance, minimal multicollinearity, and linear parameters. The model is validated against independent data from two sources: a research study of young managed stands (2,881 trees) and a collection of long-term permanent research plots (6,594 trees). Predictions for small suppressed trees from the permanent plots are generally too large, but there are no significant relationships between residuals and other predictor variables in either data set. An unusual feature of the model is the intentional omission of site index and age, which is motivated by the large number of irregular stands in the region. Validation tests using the permanent research plots indicate, however, that residuals are not correlated with site index and age. Furthermore, long-term projections of stand attributes are unbiased. RP WYKOFF, WR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 44 TC 202 Z9 225 U1 1 U2 23 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1077 EP 1104 PG 28 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EQ835 UT WOS:A1990EQ83500017 ER PT J AU SCHREUDER, HT AF SCHREUDER, HT TI THE GAIN IN EFFICIENCY IN PI-PS SAMPLING OVER POISSON SAMPLING SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE FIXED SAMPLE; HORVITZ-THOMPSON; OPTIMUM LINEAR MODEL ID MODEL AB A ratio is derived for the relative efficiency of mean-of-ratio estimation for pi-ps sampling without replacement relative to Poisson sampling, assuming the model for which pi-ps sampling with this estimator is optimum. This efficiency ratio is R = 1 + 1/n(e) where N(e) = expected sample size in Poisson sampling and the sample size used in pps sampling. Pi-ps sampling from the cumulated chi-values, a replacement sampling scheme, is compared to Poisson sampling in a simulation study using four sets of three populations, where two populations in each set are realizations of the optimal linear model for pi-ps sampling with the Horvitz-Thompson estimator, and the third is an actual data set. The derived ratio is a good indicator of the gain in efficiency of pi-ps sampling relative to Poission sampling. This is confirmed by simulation results from some populations. RP SCHREUDER, HT (reprint author), ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT ST,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1146 EP 1152 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EQ835 UT WOS:A1990EQ83500021 ER PT J AU WANG, RRC AF WANG, RRC TI INTERGENERIC HYBRIDS BETWEEN THINOPYRUM AND PSATHYROSTACHYS (TRITICEAE) SO GENOME LA English DT Article RP WANG, RRC (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 1990 VL 33 IS 6 BP 845 EP 849 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA EL963 UT WOS:A1990EL96300013 ER PT J AU JAUHAR, PP AF JAUHAR, PP TI DILEMMA OF GENOME RELATIONSHIP IN THE DIPLOID SPECIES THINOPYRUM-BESSARABICUM AND THINOPYRUM-ELONGATUM (TRITICEAE, POACEAE) SO GENOME LA English DT Note RP JAUHAR, PP (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 1990 VL 33 IS 6 BP 944 EP 946 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA EL963 UT WOS:A1990EL96300029 ER PT J AU BROWN, MW AF BROWN, MW TI ABUNDANCE AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE LEAFMINING GUILD ON APPLE IN THE MID-ATLANTIC STATES SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB The leafmining guild on apple in the northeastern United States was studied from 1983 to 1988. Ten species of leafminers, all Lepidoptera, were encountered during the sampling. Phyllonorycter spp. (P. blancardella and P. crataegella) were the most ubiquitous and most abundant throughout the region. Lyonetia speculella was also abundant in both managed and unmanaged orchards, indicating a potential to become a pest. Bucculatrix pomifoliella and Coptodisca splendoriferella were abundant in unmanaged orchards, but were only rarely found in managed orchards. Coleophora serratella, Stigmella pomivorella, Parornix geminatella, Tischeria malifoliella, and Recurvaria nanella were also found. A key to the most important leafminer species on apple in the mid-Atlantic states, based on leafmine characteristics, is presented. RP BROWN, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC PI E LANSING PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 SN 0090-0222 J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL JI Gt. Lakes Entomol. PD WIN PY 1990 VL 23 IS 4 BP 179 EP 188 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EU309 UT WOS:A1990EU30900001 ER PT J AU FORD, JJ AF FORD, JJ TI SUSTAINED INFLUENCE OF PREVIOUS ESTRADIOL OR TESTOSTERONE TREATMENTS ON SEXUAL BEHAVIORS OF FEMALE PIGS SO HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article RP FORD, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIMAL RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0018-506X J9 HORM BEHAV JI Horm. Behav. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 24 IS 4 BP 484 EP 496 DI 10.1016/0018-506X(90)90037-X PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA EM682 UT WOS:A1990EM68200005 PM 2286364 ER PT J AU LEVANDER, OA AF LEVANDER, OA TI FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CONTRIBUTIONS TO DIETARY MINERAL INTAKE IN HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON HORTICULTURE AND HUMAN HEALTH CY NOV 02-05, 1989 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA SP AMER SOC HORT SCI ID SELENIUM RP LEVANDER, OA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1990 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1486 EP 1488 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA EP975 UT WOS:A1990EP97500009 ER PT J AU SIMON, PW AF SIMON, PW TI CARROTS AND OTHER HORTICULTURAL CROPS AS A SOURCE OF PROVITAMIN A CAROTENES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON HORTICULTURE AND HUMAN HEALTH CY NOV 02-05, 1989 CL ALEXANDRIA, VA SP AMER SOC HORT SCI ID VITAMIN-A; CANCER RP SIMON, PW (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1990 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1495 EP 1499 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA EP975 UT WOS:A1990EP97500011 ER PT J AU HATFIELD, JL AF HATFIELD, JL TI MEASURING PLANT STRESS WITH AN INFRARED THERMOMETER SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CROP WATER-STRESS; CONSTANT LEAF TEMPERATURE; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; FOLIAGE TEMPERATURE; COTTON; WHEAT; VARIABILITY; MAINTENANCE RP HATFIELD, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1990 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1535 EP 1538 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA EP975 UT WOS:A1990EP97500021 ER PT J AU HAYMAN, EP YOKOYAMA, H AF HAYMAN, EP YOKOYAMA, H TI ENHANCED GERMINATION RATES AND GROWTH OF DCPTA-TREATED GUAYULE SEED SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM; WOODY PLANTS; GROWTH SUBSTANCES; SEED GERMINATION ID 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHYL-3,4-DICHLOROPHENYLETHER; BIOREGULATION; ACCUMULATION; RUBBER AB A 26-mu-M DCPTA seed treatment for guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) was developed. We obtained a 23% increase in germination rate as measured by the coefficient of velocity (C.V.). Greenhouse seedlings grown from DCPTA-treated seeds exhibited a 22% increase in dry weight and a 95% increase in survival rate under water-limiting conditions. In field-grown guayule, multiple foliar applications of 8.2 mM DCPTA increased the total amount of rubber in roots as much as 58% without affecting the rubber content in the stems. Chemical name used: 2-Diethylaminoethyl-3,4-Dichlorophenylether (DCPTA). RP HAYMAN, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEG CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1990 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1614 EP 1615 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA EP975 UT WOS:A1990EP97500044 ER PT J AU ROWLAND, LJ AF ROWLAND, LJ TI SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BLUEBERRY TO INFECTION BY AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE VACCINIUM-CORYMBOSUM; TRANSFORMATION ID TRANSFORMATION; REGENERATION; INVITRO RP ROWLAND, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BARC-W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1990 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1659 EP 1659 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA EP975 UT WOS:A1990EP97500063 ER PT J AU RUSSO, VM AF RUSSO, VM TI REACTION OF TOMATO CULTIVARS TO A SUBLETHAL DOSE OF GLYPHOSATE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE YIELD; NONTARGET ORGANISM; HERBICIDE; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM RP RUSSO, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1990 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1662 EP 1662 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA EP975 UT WOS:A1990EP97500066 ER PT J AU BALLINGTON, JR MAINLAND, CM ROOKS, SD DRAPER, AD GALLETTA, GJ AF BALLINGTON, JR MAINLAND, CM ROOKS, SD DRAPER, AD GALLETTA, GJ TI BLUE RIDGE AND CAPE FEAR SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRIES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE FRUIT BREEDING; VACCINIUM-CORYMBOSUM; V-DARROWI; STEM BLIGHT C1 USDA,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BALLINGTON, JR (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1990 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1668 EP 1670 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA EP975 UT WOS:A1990EP97500072 ER PT J AU BARRETT, HC AF BARRETT, HC TI US 119, AN INTERGENERIC HYBRID CITRUS SCION BREEDING LINE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE CITRUS-SINENSIS; PONCIRUS-TRIFOLIATA; FRUIT BREEDING; COLD RESISTANCE; TRISTEZA VIRUS RESISTANCE RP BARRETT, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1990 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1670 EP 1671 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA EP975 UT WOS:A1990EP97500073 ER PT J AU HEEDE, BH KING, RM AF HEEDE, BH KING, RM TI STATE-OF-THE-ART TIMBER HARVEST IN AN ARIZONA MIXED CONIFER FOREST HAS MINIMAL EFFECT ON OVERLAND-FLOW AND EROSION SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article RP HEEDE, BH (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IAHS PRESS, INST HYDROLOGY PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O SARAH CAGE, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 35 IS 6 BP 623 EP 635 DI 10.1080/02626669009492468 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA EK262 UT WOS:A1990EK26200003 ER PT J AU HOTEZ, P HAGGERTY, J HAWDON, J MILSTONE, L GAMBLE, HR SCHAD, G RICHARDS, F AF HOTEZ, P HAGGERTY, J HAWDON, J MILSTONE, L GAMBLE, HR SCHAD, G RICHARDS, F TI METALLOPROTEASES OF INFECTIVE ANCYLOSTOMA HOOKWORM LARVAE AND THEIR POSSIBLE FUNCTIONS IN TISSUE INVASION AND ECDYSIS SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. UNIV PENN,SCH VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. USDA,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HOTEZ, P (reprint author), YALE UNIV,SCH MED,YALE MACARTHUR CTR MOLEC PARASITOL,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510, USA. OI Hotez, Peter/0000-0001-8770-1042; Hawdon, John/0000-0002-6164-1413 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-28778, AI-22662, AI-08614] NR 35 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 58 IS 12 BP 3883 EP 3892 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EK781 UT WOS:A1990EK78100010 PM 2254016 ER PT J AU DEAN, EA AF DEAN, EA TI COMPARISON OF RECEPTORS FOR 987P PILI OF ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI IN THE SMALL-INTESTINES OF NEONATAL AND OLDER PIGS SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article RP DEAN, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 58 IS 12 BP 4030 EP 4035 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EK781 UT WOS:A1990EK78100032 PM 1979318 ER PT J AU CASEY, TA MOON, HW AF CASEY, TA MOON, HW TI GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION AND VIRULENCE OF ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI MUTANTS WHICH HAVE LOST VIRULENCE GENES INVIVO SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note RP CASEY, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 58 IS 12 BP 4156 EP 4158 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EK781 UT WOS:A1990EK78100051 PM 2254037 ER PT J AU CANALS, A GASBARRE, LC AF CANALS, A GASBARRE, LC TI OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI - ISOLATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOMATIC AND METABOLIC ANTIGENS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NEMATODA, PARASITIC; CATTLE; IMMUNOLOGY; GASTROINTESTINAL; ANTIGENS; OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI ID ASCARIS-SUUM; IMMUNIZATION; COOPERIA; CATTLE; CALVES; LARVAE; EGGS AB One metabolic (ES) and two somatic extracts (AS and MS) were prepared from Ostertagia ostertagi. Partial characterization of the three preparations was accomplished by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblot techniques. In immunoblots, AS showed a low number of bands that reacted weakly with sera collected from infected calves. MS reacted strongly with the homologous sera, and a sharp group of bands appeared from 12 to 14 kDa, increasing in intensity as the infection progressed. ES showed a group of strongly immunogenic bands in the range of 16-22 kDa. The three preparations were also tested for reactivity with specific anti-Ostertagia antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). The ELISA results showed that all three worm extracts contained antigen epitopes recognized by circulating antibody in sera taken from O. ostertagi-infected calves. The strongest response was seen when antibodies of the IgG1 isotype were reacted with MS and ES. When sera taken from O. radiatum-infected calves were used both somatic extracts showed high levels of cross-reactivity. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST ANIM PARASITOL,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INST NACL INVEST AGR,MADRID,SPAIN. NR 21 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD DEC PY 1990 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1047 EP 1054 DI 10.1016/0020-7519(90)90048-R PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA ER156 UT WOS:A1990ER15600009 PM 2074130 ER EF