FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU PFISTER, JA MANNERS, GD AF PFISTER, JA MANNERS, GD TI MINERAL SALT SUPPLEMENTATION OF CATTLE GRAZING TALL LARKSPUR-INFESTED RANGELAND DURING DROUGHT SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE POISONOUS PLANTS; DELPHINIUM SPP; CATTLE DIETS; ALKALOIDS; TOXICITY ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE; DIGESTA; DIETS AB Mineral salt supplements are used in attempts to reduce cattle losses to tall larkspur (Delphinium spp.). We determined the effects of a mineral salt mix on larkspur consumption, ruminal fluid kinetics, and water intake during 4 periods in June, July, and August, 1988 (Trial 1), and during an 18-day grazing period in August, 1989 (Trial 2). In 1988, 12 ruminally cannulated heifers were divided into 3 treatment groups: control with no access to mineral (CONT), 0.5 g mineral (LOW), and 1.0 g mineral . kg body weight-1 . day-1 (HIGH) dosed intraruminally. In 1989, 10 cows were allocated to either a control group or 0.75 g mineral . kg body weight-1 . day-1. During Trials 1 and 2, consumption of larkspur peaked at 5 and 7% of cattle diets, respectively; these low levels were attributed to drought. There were no differences (P > 0.1) in consumption of total larkspur or larkspur plant parts. Mineral supplement increased water consumption (P < 0.05) during Trial 1, but not during Trial 2. The HIGH group averaged 0.1 liters . kg body weight-1 . day-1 compared to 0.07 liters for the CONT and LOW groups. Ruminal fluid passage rate, turnover time, volume and fluid outflow rate (FOR) did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments during Trial 1, but FOR was increased by mineral treatment in Trial 2. Alkaloid concentration in larkspur declined with maturity, and was apparently elevated by drought in Trial 2. This study found little indication that mineral salt supplement altered the amount of larkspur consumed by grazing cattle. Increased water intake one summer did not alter ruminal fluid kinetics. If dietary minerals alter toxicity of larkspur to cattle, other mechanisms than those tested are responsible. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. RP PFISTER, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 44 IS 2 BP 105 EP 111 DI 10.2307/4002306 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FD698 UT WOS:A1991FD69800003 ER PT J AU SEVERSON, KE DEBANO, LF AF SEVERSON, KE DEBANO, LF TI INFLUENCE OF SPANISH GOATS ON VEGETATION AND SOILS IN ARIZONA CHAPARRAL SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE QUERCUS-TURBINELLA; LITTER; SOIL NITROGEN; SOIL PHOSPHORUS; ORGANIC CARBON; WILDLIFE HABITAT ID SHRUB FOLIAGE; DECOMPOSITION; OAK AB The key to managing Arizona chaparral depends on creating and maintaining brush-free or savanna-like habitats. Brush control using fire, chemicals, and mechanical methods has been tested previously; but limited information is available on goats. This study evaluated the effect of 4 goat-stocking levels in a short duration grazing system and mechanical brush crushing on chaparral shrubs, herbaceous vegetation, litter, and soils. After 4-1/2 years, percent total shrub cover was lower (P < 0.05) on paddocks stocked at 1.4, 2.4, and 4.2 Spanish goats/ha (35, 39, and 38%, respectively) compared to unstocked controls (51%). Crushing brush increased the effectiveness of goats; mean total shrub cover was lower (P < 0.05) on paddocks where brush was crushed vs not crushed (33 and 50%, respectively). Shrubs least preferred by goats were not affected, while preferred browse was impacted at all stocking levels. Goat stocking and brush treatments did not affect perennial herbs, while annuals were generally increased by soil disturbance. Less litter (P < 0.05) accumulated under shrubs subjected to heavy stocking levels compared to unbrowsed paddocks. Concentrations of N and P in the soil were also affected (P < 0.05) under desert ceanothus (Ceanothus greggii Gray) where the soil bulk density was also increased (P < 0.05). While goats can reduce total shrub cover, problems may result. Perennial herbaceous vegetation did not respond. Shrubs preferred by goats were also preferred by native deer. Reduced forage diversity and nutritional stress could result if these species were eliminated from the stand. Also, trampling disturbance by goats affected nitrogen accumulation in the litter and soil, but more importantly heavy browsing may eliminate nitrogen-fixing shrubs. RP SEVERSON, KE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,ARIZONA STATE UNIV CAMPUS,TEMPE,AZ 85287, USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 44 IS 2 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.2307/4002307 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FD698 UT WOS:A1991FD69800004 ER PT J AU MORTON, HL MELGOZA, A AF MORTON, HL MELGOZA, A TI VEGETATION CHANGES FOLLOWING BRUSH CONTROL IN CREOSOTEBUSH COMMUNITIES SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE LARREA-TRIDENTATA; DISKING; LAND IMPRINTING; SONORAN DESERT; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; RAILING; GRASS DENSITY; SHRUB COVER; TEBUTHIURON ID TEBUTHIURON; SOILS AB Changes in herbaceous plant density and canopy cover of creosotebush (Larrea tridentata Sesse & Moc. ex DC) and associated shrubs following brush control treatments were measured in Sonoran and Chihuahuan Desert communities. Treatments were applied in 2 successive years at the Santa Rita Experimental range, Arizona, and 3 locations in Chihuahua, Mexico. Across all locations and years 1.5 kg/ha tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N'-dimethylurea} > 1.0 kg/ha tebuthiuron = disking = disking with furrowing > 2-way railing > 0.5 kg/ha tebuthiuron > land imprinting in reducing canopy cover of creosotebush and associated shrubs. At the Santa Rita Experimental Range annual precipitation was above long-term mean in 1982, 1983, 1984, and 1985; and grass density increased on all treated and untreated plots. Annual precipitation was below long-term mean during 1986 and 1987 and grass density decreased on both treated and untreated plots but did not decrease to pre-treatment densities. Forb densities were less than 3 plants/m2 throughout the study, except in 1987 when Russian thistle (Salsola iberica Sennen & Pau) increased on all plots. At the Chihuahuan locations, grass densities usually increased during the first year of the study, but very low precipitation throughout the study caused subsequent reductions in grass and forb densities. In dry years brush control treatments did not increase herbaceous plant density. C1 INIFAP,SARH,CHIHUAHUA 31000,CHIHUAHUA,MEXICO. RP MORTON, HL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARIDLAND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 44 IS 2 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.2307/4002311 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FD698 UT WOS:A1991FD69800008 ER PT J AU DUGAS, WA MAYEUX, HS AF DUGAS, WA MAYEUX, HS TI EVAPORATION FROM RANGELAND WITH AND WITHOUT HONEY MESQUITE SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PROSOPIS-GLANDULOSA; TRANSPIRATION; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SAP FLOW; BOWEN RATIO ENERGY BALANCE ID FORAGE RESPONSE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; TEXAS AB The Bowen ratio/energy balance technique was used to estimate evaporation (E) from honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa) as the difference in total E (plant and soil) between that of adjacent mesquite-dominated and mesquite-free rangeland areas near Throckmorton, Tex. After treatment with diesel in July 1988 to defoliate the honey mesquite, E from the treated area decreased to a minimum value of about 40% of that from the untreated area. In 1989, seasonal E totals from the untreated and treated areas were, respectively, 190 and 176 mm-a 7% reduction in E due to mesquite defoliation. Total E for the herbaceous and honey mesquite vegetation in 1989 in the untreated area was 117 and 73 mm, respectively. Honey mesquite foliar cover was 15% in the untreated area, but it accounted for 38% of the total E. These honey mesquite E data were supported by independent measurements of sap flow. While honey mesquite used substantial amounts of water, E from the rangeland from which it was removed was just slightly lower due to increased herbaceous evaporation associated with increases in standing crop. Under the circumstances of low grazing intensity and low runoff potential, honey mesquite removal would provide little if any additional water for off-site uses in the short-term and, therefore, the removal of this species for purely hydrological purposes would not be justified. Increases in off-site water availability may, however, result from honey mesquite control under grazing regimes which preclude accumulation of additional herbaceous standing crop or at site with greater runoff potential. C1 USDA ARS,TEMPLE,TX 76502. RP DUGAS, WA (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 36 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 44 IS 2 BP 161 EP 170 DI 10.2307/4002316 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FD698 UT WOS:A1991FD69800013 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, W AF RICHARDS, W TI MEET CHIEF RICHARDS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP RICHARDS, W (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 46 IS 2 BP 86 EP 88 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FL267 UT WOS:A1991FL26700005 ER PT J AU ARGABRIGHT, MS AF ARGABRIGHT, MS TI EVOLUTION IN USE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE WIND EROSION EQUATION SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article RP ARGABRIGHT, MS (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,MIDWEST NATL TECH CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68508, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 46 IS 2 BP 104 EP 105 PG 2 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FL267 UT WOS:A1991FL26700009 ER PT J AU HAGEN, LJ AF HAGEN, LJ TI A WIND EROSION PREDICTION SYSTEM TO MEET USER NEEDS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article RP HAGEN, LJ (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,WIND EROS RES UNIT,ROOM 105-B,E WATERS HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 0 TC 123 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 46 IS 2 BP 106 EP 111 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FL267 UT WOS:A1991FL26700010 ER PT J AU ZOBECK, TM AF ZOBECK, TM TI SOIL PROPERTIES AFFECTING WIND EROSION SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; AGGREGATE SIZE; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; SIMULATED RAINFALL; CRUST DEVELOPMENT; IRAQI SOILS; STRENGTH; IRISH RP ZOBECK, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD SYST RES UNIT,BIG SPRING,TX 79721, USA. RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 58 TC 85 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 46 IS 2 BP 112 EP 118 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FL267 UT WOS:A1991FL26700011 ER PT J AU CARTER, DL BERG, RD AF CARTER, DL BERG, RD TI CROP SEQUENCES AND CONSERVATION TILLAGE TO CONTROL IRRIGATION FURROW EROSION AND INCREASE FARMER INCOME SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID SOIL-EROSION; STRAW; RESIDUE AB Five years of research show that there are many benefits to conservation tillage on furrow-irrigated land. Benefits are enhanced when cropping sequences are altered to accommodate the fewest number of tillage operations over the entire cropping sequence. Results showed that soil erosion can be reduced 47 to 100 percent, crop yields can be sustained, and farmer net income can be increased an average of more than $125 ha-1 each year over a 5-year cropping sequence. RP CARTER, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 46 IS 2 BP 139 EP 142 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FL267 UT WOS:A1991FL26700014 ER PT J AU HOFMANN, L RIES, RE AF HOFMANN, L RIES, RE TI RELATIONSHIP OF SOIL AND PLANT CHARACTERISTICS TO EROSION AND RUNOFF ON PASTURE AND RANGE SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID LOSS EQUATION; ERODIBILITY AB Most soil loss equations for pasture and rangeland have been developed using data from studies conducted on cropland. This study was conducted to further determine relationships of soil and vegetation factors to soil loss and water runoff from reclaimed pastures and rangeland. Simulated rainfall was applied, using a sprinkler-head grid system at a rate of 46 mm h-1 (1.8 inches/hour), to 4.0 m x 22.1 m (13 x 72 feet) plots on reclaimed mined and native Cabba and Sen soils. Treatments included reclaimed heavily, moderately, and lightly grazed pastures; reclaimed burn; reclaimed ungrazed; native grazed; native burn; and native ungrazed runoff plots. Percent bare ground was the most important factor explaining soil loss. As ground cover increased, soil sediment in the runoff decreased because of less soil detachment. Total vegetative dry matter was the most important factor explaining runoff. Vegetation and ground cover were related highly to soil loss and runoff factors, whereas soil bulk density, soil water, root weight, soil aggregation, and soil particle size generally were not. Vegetation and ground cover factors and soil bulk density and root weight were related to runoff. Vegetation and surface soil factors were of major importance in explaining soil erosion on rangeland compared to subsoil factors generally associated with soil erodibility on cropland. These findings deserve consideration as equations are developed for predicting soil loss and runoff from pastures and rangeland. RP HOFMANN, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAM,ND 58554, USA. NR 28 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 46 IS 2 BP 143 EP 147 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FL267 UT WOS:A1991FL26700015 ER PT J AU STOUT, WL SHAFFER, JA JUNG, GA STALEY, TE HILL, RR AF STOUT, WL SHAFFER, JA JUNG, GA STALEY, TE HILL, RR TI NITROGEN EFFECTS ON SOIL-WATER EXTRACTION BY TALL FESCUE IN NORTHERN APPALACHIA SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; SWITCHGRASS; EFFICIENCY AB In the Appalachian region of the northeastern United States, droughty conditions in hill-land soils can cause moisture stress in and reduce yields of pasture grasses. In general, nitrogen (N) fertilization can improve yields and water use efficiency of forage grasses on these types of soils. However, the specific soil conditions under which N fertilization can significantly improve soil water use is not known. The effect of N fertilization of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) on the water extraction from shale soils commonly found in hill-land pastures in the Northeast was investigated. Tall fescue was grown on three shale-derived soils with total available water-holding capacities of 25.3, 14.4, and 4.9 cm. Nitrogen was applied at the rate of 0, 90, and 180 kg/ha of N in a split application (50% in the spring and 50% after the first harvest). Nitrogen fertilization increased soil water extraction by tall fescue only at soil water storage capacities of 250 mm or more of available water. On soils with less than 250 mm of available water storage capacity, tall fescue was able to exploit the soil water reserves with native amounts of N, but above-ground biomass and water use efficiency was improved with N fertilization. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN REG SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,BECKLEY,WV. RP STOUT, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 46 IS 2 BP 150 EP 153 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FL267 UT WOS:A1991FL26700017 ER PT J AU WILCOX, BP SEYFRIED, MS COOLEY, KR HANSON, CL AF WILCOX, BP SEYFRIED, MS COOLEY, KR HANSON, CL TI RUNOFF CHARACTERISTICS OF SAGEBRUSH RANGELANDS - MODELING IMPLICATIONS SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID SPUR HYDROLOGY MODEL AB Runoff characteristics of sagebrush rangeland are described and related to runoff prediction by SWRRB (Simulator for Water Resources in Rural Basins). Precipitation-runoff relationships on five sagebrush watersheds located along a climatic gradient in southwestern Idaho were established using long-term records. Runoff from the two higher elevation watersheds was snowmelt-generated. With decreasing elevation, soil frost was important in runoff generation. Average annual runoff for the five watersheds ranged from 1 mm to 500 mm. The correlation between annual precipitation and annual runoff decreased with aridity of the watershed. SWRRB successfully simulated annual runoff from the highest elevation watershed where (a) runoff made up a high percentage (50%) of the water budget, (b) frozen soil runoff was insignificant, and (c) there was a strong correlation between annual runoff and precipitation. Runoff predictions were poor for the lower elevation watersheds where (a) runoff was a small part (1-7%) of the water budget, (b) frozen soil runoff was very important, and (c) there was a poor correlation between annual runoff and precipitation. For sagebrush rangeland in the Great Basin, little confidence can be placed in runoff predicted from models like SWRRB that are based on curve number hydrology if runoff accounts for a small part (< 10%) of the water budget and/or soil frost plays a prominent role in runoff generation. RP WILCOX, BP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,800 PK BLVD,BOISE,ID 83705, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 46 IS 2 BP 153 EP 158 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FL267 UT WOS:A1991FL26700018 ER PT J AU PETERKIN, BB AF PETERKIN, BB TI CORRECTION IN DIETARY GUIDELINES ARTICLE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP PETERKIN, BB (reprint author), USDA,HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 91 IS 3 BP 292 EP 292 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FB238 UT WOS:A1991FB23800002 PM 1997548 ER PT J AU BELL, IR EDMAN, JS MORROW, FD MARBY, DW MIRAGES, S PERRONE, G KAYNE, HL COLE, JO AF BELL, IR EDMAN, JS MORROW, FD MARBY, DW MIRAGES, S PERRONE, G KAYNE, HL COLE, JO TI B COMPLEX VITAMIN PATTERNS IN GERIATRIC AND YOUNG-ADULT INPATIENTS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE OXIDASE ACTIVITY; FOLIC-ACID; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; ATROPHIC GASTRITIS; ELDERLY POPULATION; NUTRITIONAL STATE; RED-CELL; FOLATE AB This study compared the B complex vitamin status at time of admission of 20 geriatric and 16 young adult non-alcoholic inpatients with major depression. Twenty-eight percent of all subjects were deficient in B2 (riboflavin), B6 (pyridoxine), and/or B12 (cobalamin), but none in B1 (thiamine) or folate. The geriatric sample had significantly higher serum folate levels. Psychotic depressives had lower B12 than did non-psychotic depressives. Poorer blood vitamin status was not associated with higher scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale or lower scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination in either age group. The data support the hypothesis that poorer status in certain B vitamins is present in major depression, but blood measures may not reflect central nervous system vitamin function or severity of affective syndromes as measured by the assays and scales in the present study. C1 HARVARD UNIV, SCH MED, MCLEAN HOSP GERIATR SERV, BELMONT, MA 02178 USA. HARVARD UNIV, SCH MED, AFFECT DISORDERS PROGRAM, BELMONT, MA 02178 USA. TUFTS UNIV, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, USDA, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. BOSTON UNIV, SCH MED, SCH PUBL HLTH, BOSTON, MA 02118 USA. NR 54 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP 252 EP 257 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA FC070 UT WOS:A1991FC07000005 PM 2005338 ER PT J AU FOCKS, DA MCLAUGHLIN, RE NASCI, RS AF FOCKS, DA MCLAUGHLIN, RE NASCI, RS TI EFFECT OF PERMETHRIN TREATMENT OF CATTLE ON PSOROPHORA-COLUMBIAE POPULATIONS - PRELIMINARY FIELD-TEST OF A HOST MANAGEMENT CONCEPT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SUPPORTING HYDROLOGIC SUBMODEL; LOUISIANA RICE AGROECOSYSTEM; LIFE TABLE MODEL AB The results of a field test conducted in cooperation with the Jefferson Davis Parish Mosquito Abatement District (JDPMAD) during 1988 in southwestern Louisiana suggested that the biweekly treatment of cattle with permethrin reduced the number of adult Psorophora columbiae in nearby areas. Routine mosquito control operations by JDPMAD were similar from 1987 to 1988 in the cattle-treated area but increased an average of 41% in control areas. In spite of this, during the year of cattle treatment, captures in New Jersey light traps averaged 86 and 26% of the previous 4-year average in control and treated areas, respectively. Similarly, the proportion of trap nights in 1988 when Ps. columbiae captures exceeded 500 averaged 73 and 30% of the previous 4-year average in control and treated areas, respectively. Simulation model projections that took into account differences in JDPMAD operations, weather, cattle density, agricultural practices and the presence of treated cattle were accurate within an average of 9% of observed values for the treated and control areas. The simulation studies indicated that the treatment of cattle with permethrin reduced Ps. columbiae populations by 83%. These results suggest that host management may be a viable method for suppressing populations of Ps. columbiae and that some form of host management be considered for inclusion in integrated control programs in this environment. Further evaluation of this concept is warranted. C1 MCNEESE STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL & ENVIRONM SCI,LAKE CHARLES,LA 70609. RP FOCKS, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 7 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FG768 UT WOS:A1991FG76800001 PM 1675250 ER PT J AU MAGNON, GJ ROBERT, LL KLINE, DL ROBERTS, LW AF MAGNON, GJ ROBERT, LL KLINE, DL ROBERTS, LW TI REPELLENCY OF 2 DEET FORMULATIONS AND AVON SKIN-SO-SOFT AGAINST BITING MIDGES (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) IN HONDURAS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CULICOIDES; JACKET AB Two U.S. military issue deet repellent formulations (75% deet liquid and 33% deet lotion) and Avon Skin-So-Soft(R) were tested against ceratopogonid midges under field conditions in Honduras. Test subjects were U.S. military personnel deployed to Honduras for training. Culicoides furens accounted for 96.3% of all midges collected. The liquid and lotion formulations of deet and Avon Skin-So-Soft provided 97.9, 95.9 and 71.4% protection, respectively, compared with the untreated control. Both deet formulations provided significantly better protection (P < 0.05) than Avon Skin-So-Soft. The latter provided protection by trapping the midges in the oily film and not by repelling the insects as did the deet formulations. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 7 IS 1 BP 80 EP 82 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FG768 UT WOS:A1991FG76800016 PM 2045813 ER PT J AU HAGEMANN, JW ROTHFUS, JA AF HAGEMANN, JW ROTHFUS, JA TI THERMAL-BEHAVIOR OF PROSPECTIVE HYDROXY ACID GREASE THICKENERS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; ENTROPY; HEAT CAPACITY; HYDROXY ACIDS; LITHIUM SALTS; LUBRICATING GREASE; MELTING POINT ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; TRIGLYCERIDES AB Melting points and heats of fusion were determined for 13 hydroxy acids and their lithium salts with chain lengths ranging from 14 to 24 carbons. Included were hydroxy acids prepared from two unusual plant sources, Lesquerella sp. and Cramble abyssinica. Upper melting point temperatures, transition entropies, and heat capacity changes of the lithium salts on heating and cooling suggest that many of the salts, particularly those of 14-hydroxyeicosanoic and 9(10)-hydroxystearic acids, would perform satisfactorily as gelling agents in the production of lubricating greases. RP HAGEMANN, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 68 IS 3 BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.1007/BF02657757 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FB890 UT WOS:A1991FB89000002 ER PT J AU SIMPSON, TD AF SIMPSON, TD TI PHOSPHOLIPASE-D ACTIVITY IN HEXANE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ORGANIC SOLVENT ACTIVITY; PHOSPHOLIPASE-D; SOYBEANS ID OIL QUALITY; SOYBEANS; PURIFICATION; MEMBRANES AB Phospholipase D converts phosphatidylcholine (PC) to phosphatidic acid (PA) at 65-degrees-C in water-saturated hexane. Presumably, the active site of the enzyme remains hydrated in the interior of a lipid micelle. Enzyme activity at elevated temperatures in a nonaqueous medium contrasts sharply with inactivation at high temperature in aqueous solution. Results demonstrate that nonhydratable phospholipids can be produced enzymatically under conditions comparable to those during oil extraction in commercial soybean processing. RP SIMPSON, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 68 IS 3 BP 176 EP 178 DI 10.1007/BF02657764 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FB890 UT WOS:A1991FB89000009 ER PT J AU BURG, DA KLEIMAN, R AF BURG, DA KLEIMAN, R TI MEADOWFOAM FATTY AMIDES - PREPARATION, PURIFICATION, AND USE IN ENRICHMENT OF 5,13-DOCOSADIENOIC ACID AND 5-EICOSENOIC ACID SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE 5,13-DOCOSADIENOIC ACID; 5-EICOSENAMIDE; 5-EICOSENENITRILE; 5-EICOSENOIC ACID; FATTY AMIDES; MEADOWFOAM AMIDES ID OIL AB Recrystallization from hexane of amides prepared from meadowfoam fatty acids provides crystals of the monoenoic fatty amides. Hydrolysis of the crystals, or the mother liquor, provides meadowfoam fatty acids that are enriched in 5-eicosenoic acid and 5,13-docosadienoic acid, respectively. The meadowfoam fatty amides may be useful as slip and antiblock agents in polyolefin film. C1 USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 68 IS 3 BP 190 EP 192 DI 10.1007/BF02657767 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FB890 UT WOS:A1991FB89000012 ER PT J AU BIRRENKOTT, BA HENSON, CA STANG, EJ AF BIRRENKOTT, BA HENSON, CA STANG, EJ TI CARBOHYDRATE-LEVELS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF FRUIT IN CRANBERRY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VACCINIUM MACROCARPON; SUGARS; PHOTOSYNTHATES; FRUIT SET AB Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. cv. Searles) vegetative tissue was analyzed at various stages of development to determine carbohydrate levels under field and greenhouse conditions and to identify the carbohydrates. Except during dormancy, cranberry uprights in the field had the concentration of carbohydrates (soluble and starch) at early blossom, when the lower flowers were at anthesis. As early flowers developed into fruit and upper flowers were at or just beyond anthesis, uprights had lower carbohydrate concentrations. As fruit growth slowed, soluble carbohydrate levels increased and were highest at dormancy. Upright shoot tissue produced the previous year and trailing woody stems followed the same trend as the current season's growth but had consistently lower soluble carbohydrate levels at each growth stage. Starch levels were low in current growth and did not change appreciably with fruit development. Starch was primarily stored and subsequently depleted in the previous season's upright growth and trailing woody stems. Tissue from the greenhouse was generally higher in carbohydrates than was field-grown tissue. Fruit developed from 53% of the flowers under greenhouse conditions, compared to 38% in the field. Insufficient carbohydrate levels may be responsible for the low fruit set observed in the field. Sucrose, glucose, fructose, raffinose, and stachyose were present in cranberry vegetative tissue. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA,ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGR,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 116 IS 2 BP 174 EP 178 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FB654 UT WOS:A1991FB65400001 ER PT J AU GLENN, DM WELKER, WV AF GLENN, DM WELKER, WV TI SOIL-MANAGEMENT AFFECTS SHOOT AND ROOT-GROWTH, NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY, AND WATER-UPTAKE OF YOUNG PEACH-TREES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COVER CROP; TALL FESCUE; RHIZOTRONS; FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEAE; POA TRIVIALIS ID SOD; SYSTEMS AB We determined how differences in peach tree water use and shoot and root growth due to ground cover treatments are affected by tree response and soil conditions in the adjacent soil environment. Ground cover combinations of bare soil (BS), a killed K-31 tall fescue sod (KS), a living Poa trivialis sod (PT), and a living K-31 tall fescue sod (LS) were imposed on 50% of the soil surface in greenhouse studies. The ground cover on 50% of the soil surface influenced root and top growth of the peach trees [Prunus persica (L) Batsch], water use, and NO3-N levels in the opposing 50%, depending on the competitiveness of the cover crop (LS vs. PT and KS) and characteristics of the soil (BS vs. KS). Tree growth was allometrically related to root growth. RP GLENN, DM (reprint author), USDA,ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 116 IS 2 BP 238 EP 241 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FB654 UT WOS:A1991FB65400012 ER PT J AU DRAKE, SR LARSEN, FE HIGGINS, SS AF DRAKE, SR LARSEN, FE HIGGINS, SS TI QUALITY AND STORAGE OF GRANNY SMITH AND GREENSPUR APPLES ON SEEDLING, M.26, AND MM.111 ROOTSTOCKS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MALUS-DOMESTICA; POSTHARVEST ID HIGH-DENSITY ORCHARD; DELICIOUS APPLE; FRUIT; FERTILIZERS; MATURITY; ETHYLENE; YIELD AB Influences of rootstocks on the quality of 'Granny Smith' and 'Greenspur' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) were evaluated over an extended harvest period and after cold storage. Apples from trees on M.26 rootstock had the higher firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), and Ca content, but poorer external color (red blush) and a higher percentage of solar injury than fruit from trees on seedling or MM.111 rootstocks. External greenness was best on apples from MM.111 rootstock. 'Granny Smith' apples had higher firmness, soluble solids, acids, and carbohydrate contents, and less scald but poorer external greenness than 'Greenspur' apples. 'Granny Smith' or 'Greenspur' apples from M.26 rootstock appeared to mature earlier than those on MM.111. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP DRAKE, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 116 IS 2 BP 261 EP 264 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FB654 UT WOS:A1991FB65400016 ER PT J AU BALDWIN, EA NISPEROSCARRIEDO, MO MOSHONAS, MG AF BALDWIN, EA NISPEROSCARRIEDO, MO MOSHONAS, MG TI QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS OF FLAVOR AND OTHER VOLATILES AND FOR CERTAIN CONSTITUENTS OF 2 TOMATO CULTIVARS DURING RIPENING SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; ETHYLENE; CARBON DIOXIDE; CLIMACTERIC; ORGANIC ACID; GLUCOSE; FRUCTOSE; SUCROSE; SAMPLING TECHNIQUE ID FRESH MARKET TOMATOES; BIOCHEMICAL-CHANGES; AROMA VOLATILES; FRUIT; ETHYLENE; SUGARS; ACIDS AB Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit, cvs. Sunny and Solar Set, were analyzed at five ripening stages for ethylene and CO2 production. Homogenates from the same fruit were prepared for determination of color, flavor volatiles, sugars, and organic acids. Changes in the levels of these compounds were compared to the pattern of climacteric ethylene production. Of the flavor volatiles measured, only eugenol decreased during ripening in both cultivars and 1-penten-3-one in 'Sunny' tomatoes. Ethanol and trans-2-trans-4-decadienal levels showed no change or fluctuated as the fruit ripened while all other volatiles measured (cis-3-hexenol, acetaldehyde, cis-3-hexenal, trans-2-hexenal, hexenal acetone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, geranylacetone, and 2-isobutylthiazole) increased in concentration, peaking in the turning, pink, or red stage of maturity. Synthesis of some volatile compounds occurred simultaneously with that of climacteric ethylene, CO2 and lycopene production. 'Solar Set' fruit exhibited higher levels than 'Sunny' of all flavor components except ethanol and hexanal in the red stage. There were no differences in organic acid levels between the cultivars; however, 'Solar Set' had higher levels of sugars. Changes in acid and sugar levels showed no temporal relationship to climacteric ethylene or CO2 production. RP BALDWIN, EA (reprint author), USDA,ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 24 TC 96 Z9 101 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 116 IS 2 BP 265 EP 269 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FB654 UT WOS:A1991FB65400017 ER PT J AU LITTLE, RJA WU, MM AF LITTLE, RJA WU, MM TI MODELS FOR CONTINGENCY-TABLES WITH KNOWN MARGINS WHEN TARGET AND SAMPLED POPULATIONS DIFFER SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE CATEGORICAL DATA; MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD; MINIMUM CHI-SQUARE; RAKING; ITERATIVE PROPORTIONAL FITTING ID PROPORTIONS; CONSTRAINTS; SUBJECT AB The analysis of two-way contingency tables with known margins is considered. Four methods for estimating the cell probabilities are compared, namely, raking (RAKE), maximum likelihood under random sampling (MLRS), minimum chi-squared (MCSQ), and least squares (LSQ). Assuming random sampling from the target population, these methods are known to be asymptotically equivalent, and small-sample studies have suggested that MCSQ is slightly better than the other methods in average root mean squared error. We consider properties of the methods when the sampled population differs from the target population, through deficiencies in the sampling frame or defects in the implementation of the sample. We show that each method is in fact maximum likelihood for a particular model relating the target and sampled populations. Expressions for the standard errors of the estimates are developed under these alternative models. The methods are compared on data from a health survey and in a simulation study where each of the methods is assessed using data generated in a variety of ways. The results suggest that LSQ is inferior to the other three methods, and RAKE and MLRS dominate MCSQ. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. RP LITTLE, RJA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT BIOMATH,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. RI Little, Roderick/H-2440-2011 NR 11 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER STATIST ASSN PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 86 IS 413 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.2307/2289718 PG 9 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA FD712 UT WOS:A1991FD71200013 ER PT J AU NORCROSS, MA BROWN, JL AF NORCROSS, MA BROWN, JL TI FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE INITIATIVES FOR TISSUE RESIDUE REDUCTION IN MEAT AND POULTRY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 126TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC CY 1989 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AMER VET MED ASSOC RP NORCROSS, MA (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 1 PY 1991 VL 198 IS 5 BP 819 EP 824 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EZ412 UT WOS:A1991EZ41200017 PM 2026528 ER PT J AU WINDHAM, WR BARTON, FE AF WINDHAM, WR BARTON, FE TI MOISTURE ANALYSIS IN FORAGE BY NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY - COLLABORATIVE STUDY OF CALIBRATION METHODOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Article ID FISCHER,KARL AB Fifteen collaborating laboratories analyzed 16 forage samples including 3 blind duplicate pairs for moisture by air-oven (AO) method 7.007 (14th Ed.; 930.15, 15th Ed.) and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Laboratories performed method 7.007 on 50 calibration samples and applied the NIRS calibration method independently. NIRS moisture equations were used to predict the 16 test samples, and the values were compared to those for method 7.007. Moisture concentration of the test samples ranged from approximately 6 to 16%. Within-laboratory repeatability (s(r)) ranged from 0.10 to 0.18% and 0.16 to 0.39% for NIRS and method 7.007, respectively. Between-laboratory reproducibility (s(R)) ranged from 0.22 to 0.57 and 0.29 to 0.57 for NIRS and method 7.007, respectively. Repeatability relative standard deviations (RSD(r)) for the NIRS and AO methods ranged from 1.18 to 1.50% and 1.84 to 3.68%, respectively. The range in the average reproducibility relative standard deviations (RSD(R)) for the NIRS and AO methods were 1.29-7.49% and 3.64-6.66%, respectively. The NIRS method demonstrated consistently lower within-laboratory RSD(r) agreement and between-laboratory variabilities equal to method 7.007. Thereby, we demonstrated that NIRS can be used as a standard method for the determination of 6-16% moisture in forages. The method has been adopted official first action by AOAC. RP WINDHAM, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,PLANT STRUCT & COMPOSIT RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 324 EP 331 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FD110 UT WOS:A1991FD11000012 ER PT J AU GOODSPEED, DP CHESTNUT, LI AF GOODSPEED, DP CHESTNUT, LI TI DETERMINING ORGANOHALIDES IN ANIMAL FATS USING GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHIC CLEANUP - REPEATABILITY STUDY SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Article AB Evaluation of a previously published gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) procedure was undertaken to determine whether it can be used for additional organochlorine pesticides. After repeatability studies of many pesticides, the following compounds were approved for inclusion in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Domestic Residue Monitoring Program: coumaphos-S, stirophos, chlorpyrifos, ronnel, carbophenothion, chlorfenvinphos, phosalone, kepone, captan, linuron, and endosulfan I and II. Recoveries ranged from 54% for captan to 123% for ronnel. Ranges of CVs varied from 0-9.5% for carbophenothion to 7.1-47.7% for kepone. Although the minimum acceptable recovery of 50% was attained for all 12 pesticides, the anticipated CV of 20% was waived to include chlorpyrifos, endosulfan I and II, and kepone. For a multiresidue procedure involving approximately 40 compounds, these results were within the acceptable criteria. RP GOODSPEED, DP (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,SCI & TECHNOL WESTERN LAB,BOX 4008,ALAMEDA,CA 94501, USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 388 EP 394 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FD110 UT WOS:A1991FD11000021 PM 2050618 ER PT J AU FIDDLER, W DOERR, RC GATES, RA AF FIDDLER, W DOERR, RC GATES, RA TI GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF DIMETHYLAMINE, TRIMETHYLAMINE, AND TRIMETHYLAMINE OXIDE IN FISH-MEAT FRANKFURTERS SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE AMINES; MARINE FISH; SEAFOODS AB A method is described for analysis of minced fish-meat and surimi-meat frankfurters for dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) using a headspace-gas chromatographic technique. After simple acid extraction and addition of NaOH, the headspace was directly injected into a gas chromatograph by a gas-tight syringe. DMA and TMA were separated on a Chromosorb 103 column and detected by a flame ionization detector. TMAO was measured as TMA after Zn reduction. Repeatability of the method for DMA, TMA, and TMAO was 6.6, 1.0, and 18.8 ppm, respectively. The method was applicable to Alaska pollock-meat and Atlantic menhaden-meat frankfurters, unwashed, and washed mince and surimi. RP FIDDLER, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 400 EP 403 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FD110 UT WOS:A1991FD11000023 PM 2050619 ER PT J AU CUTRUFELLI, ME MAGEAU, RP SCHWAB, B JOHNSTON, RW AF CUTRUFELLI, ME MAGEAU, RP SCHWAB, B JOHNSTON, RW TI DEVELOPMENT OF A RAPID EQUINE SEROLOGICAL TEST (REST) BY MODIFIED AGAR-GEL IMMUNODIFFUSION SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Note ID IDENTIFICATION; POULTRY; PROFIT; ORBIT AB A rapid equine serological test (REST) has been developed for detection of horse meat in a wide variety of raw meat products. The test is an adaptation of previously developed field screening immunodiffusion tests for beef, poultry, pork, and sheep detection. Results show that the REST test was specific, sensitive, and accurate in the analysis of 101 samples. C1 USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,DIV MICROBIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP CUTRUFELLI, ME (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,DIV MICROBIOL,MED MICROBIOL BRANCH,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 410 EP 412 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FD110 UT WOS:A1991FD11000025 PM 1904853 ER PT J AU OBROCHTA, DA GOMEZ, SP HANDLER, AM AF OBROCHTA, DA GOMEZ, SP HANDLER, AM TI P-ELEMENT EXCISION IN DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER AND RELATED DROSOPHILIDS SO MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; P-ELEMENTS; EXCISION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; DROSOPHILIDS ID TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT; HYBRID DYSGENESIS; TRANSPOSITION; TRANSFORMATION; IDENTIFICATION; INSERTION; SEQUENCES; STRAINS; VECTORS; LOCUS AB The frequency of P element excision and the structure of the resulting excision products were determined in three drosophilid species, Drosophila melanogaster, D. virilis, and Chymomyza procnemis. A transient P element mobility assay was conducted in the cells of developing insect embryos, but unlike previous assays, this mobility assay permitted the recovery of excision products from plasmids regardless of whether the excision event was precise or imprecise. Both quantitative and qualitative differences between the products of excision in the various species studied were observed. The frequency with which P element excision products were recovered from D. melanogaster was 10-fold greater than from D. virilis and C. procnemis; however, the proportion of all excision events resulting in the reversion of a P-induced mutant phenotype was the same. Virtually all excision products recovered, including those resulting in a reversion of the mutant phenotype, did not result in the exact restoration of the original target sequence. Sequence analysis suggested that duplex cleavage at the 3' and 5' termini of the P element, or their subsequent modification, occurred asymmetrically and interdependently. P element-encoded transposase was not absolutely required for P element excision. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP OBROCHTA, DA (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 26 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0026-8925 J9 MOL GEN GENET JI Mol. Gen. Genet. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 225 IS 3 BP 387 EP 394 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA FE231 UT WOS:A1991FE23100006 PM 1850084 ER PT J AU WILLIS, DK RICH, JJ HRABAK, EM AF WILLIS, DK RICH, JJ HRABAK, EM TI HRP GENES OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Review RP WILLIS, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT DIS RESISTANCE RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 0 TC 120 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 4 IS 2 BP 132 EP 138 DI 10.1094/MPMI-4-132 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA FG821 UT WOS:A1991FG82100003 ER PT J AU UECKER, FA JOHNSON, DA AF UECKER, FA JOHNSON, DA TI MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF SPECIES OF PHOMOPSIS ON ASPARAGUS SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE PHOMOPSIS-JAVANICA SP-NOV; PHOMOPSIS-ASPARAGI; PHOMOPSIS-ASPARAGICOLA; PARAPHYSES AB Phomopsis javanica, a new species on Asparagus from Java, is described and illustrated. It differs from P. asparagi by producing paraphyses among the conidiophores and conidiogenous cells, and is the first Phomopsis described with these structures. Phomopsis javanica was more virulent than P. asparagi when inoculated on asparagus foliage and stems. Phomopsis asparagicola is considered a synonym of P. asparagi. P. asparagi and P. javanica are compared in a series of photographs. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP UECKER, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 83 IS 2 BP 192 EP 199 DI 10.2307/3759934 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA FL043 UT WOS:A1991FL04300008 ER PT J AU REDLIN, SC ROSSMAN, AY AF REDLIN, SC ROSSMAN, AY TI CRYPTODIAPORTHE-CORNI (DIAPORTHALES), CAUSE OF CRYPTODIAPORTHE CANKER OF PAGODA DOGWOOD SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE APIOSPORE; COELOMYCETES; CORNACEAE; CRYPTODIAPORTHE; DIAPORTHALES; DOGWOOD; FUNGAL PIGMENTS; MYXOSPORIUM; TWIG DIEBACK; ZYTHIA AB Cryptodiaporthe corni was collected on pagoda dogwood (Cornus alternifolia) in the northern and eastern United States during investigations on dogwood anthracnose. The anamorph was produced abundantly in cultures derived from single ascospores and conidia. Myxosporium nitidum is the earliest name for this anamorph, also known as Zythia aurantiaca. A distinctive bright orange pigment produced in pure culture on several media was similar to the color observed on dogwood twigs containing ascomata and conidiomata. This study includes the first description of the fungus in pure culture and a redescription of the teleomorph and anamorph. Results indicate that Cryptodiaporthe corni is restricted to Cornus alternifolia, occurring throughout the range of the host. In addition, characteristics of the fungal growth in culture, the conidiomata and the conidia differ significantly from the dogwood anthracnose fungus. RP REDLIN, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 83 IS 2 BP 200 EP 209 DI 10.2307/3759935 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA FL043 UT WOS:A1991FL04300009 ER PT J AU LICHTWARDT, RW PETERSON, SW HUSS, MJ AF LICHTWARDT, RW PETERSON, SW HUSS, MJ TI ORPHELLA-HIEMALIS - A NEW AND RARE TRICHOMYCETE OCCURRING IN WINTER-EMERGING STONEFLIES (PLECOPTERA, CAPNIIDAE) SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE GUT FUNGI; TRICHOMYCETES; PLECOPTERA; CAPNIIDAE ID ZYGOPOLARIS; GENUS AB Orphella hiemalis Peterson, Lichtwardt & Huss (Zygomycotina, Trichomycetes, Harpellales) from the hindgut of winter-emerging stonefly nymphs of the genus Allocapnia (Plecoptera, Capniidae) is described and illustrated. It was found in only a few nymphs from two stream sites, one in northwestern Arkansas on the Ozark Plateau, the other in eastern Oklahoma in the Ouachita Mountains. It appears to be a rare species, in contrast to some other gut fungi in Allocapnia spp. Like O. haysii from Nemouridae nymphs in Colorado Rocky Mountain streams, mature sporulating heads of O. hiemalis protrude from the host's anus, and trichospores do not detach from their generative cells in the manner typical of most other Harpellales. Rather, a 3-celled dissemination unit is formed by individual clavate generative cells breaking away from a basal cell together with a sterile, filiform terminal cell and attached allantoid trichospore. C1 USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP LICHTWARDT, RW (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,DEPT BOT,LAWRENCE,KS 66045, USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 83 IS 2 BP 214 EP 219 DI 10.2307/3759937 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA FL043 UT WOS:A1991FL04300011 ER PT J AU CALDWELL, BA CASTELLANO, MA GRIFFITHS, RP AF CALDWELL, BA CASTELLANO, MA GRIFFITHS, RP TI FATTY-ACID ESTERASE PRODUCTION BY ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Note ID ENZYME-PRODUCTION; GROWTH; MYCORRHIZAL; MATS; PATTERNS; FOREST C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP CALDWELL, BA (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 83 IS 2 BP 233 EP 236 DI 10.2307/3759942 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA FL043 UT WOS:A1991FL04300016 ER PT J AU SMITH, JS SANDERS, TH AF SMITH, JS SANDERS, TH TI MOISTURE-CONTENT AND STORAGE-SYSTEM EFFECTS ON PEANUT QUALITY AND MILLING PARAMETERS SO OLEAGINEUX LA English DT Article DE PEANUT; STORAGE; MOISTURE CONTENT; SHELLING; DRYING AB The effects of initial moisture content and type of storage system on peanut quality and milling parameters were investigated. Farmers stock peanuts from the same field, artificially dried to approximately 8 and 10 % moisture contents, were stored for six months in mechanically and naturally ventilated warehouses. Temperature and relative humidity within the peanut masses at various levels as well as ambient conditions were recorded at 2-hour intervals throughout storage. Final moisture content of peanuts from all storage systems was the same. Shelling and quality characteristics were very similar although the decrease in moisture to 6.2 % did result in an unusually high split kernel outturn during shelling. RP SMITH, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,1011 FORRESTER DR SE,DAWSON,GA 31742, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CIRAD-CP OLEAGINEUX PI MONTPELLIERCEDEX PA B P 5035, 34032 MONTPELLIERCEDEX, FRANCE SN 0030-2082 J9 OLEAGINEUX PD MAR PY 1991 VL 46 IS 3 BP 121 EP 124 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA FP052 UT WOS:A1991FP05200005 ER PT J AU HUTCHENS, TW HENRY, JF YIP, TT HACHEY, DL SCHANLER, RJ MOTIL, KJ GARZA, C AF HUTCHENS, TW HENRY, JF YIP, TT HACHEY, DL SCHANLER, RJ MOTIL, KJ GARZA, C TI ORIGIN OF INTACT LACTOFERRIN AND ITS DNA-BINDING FRAGMENTS FOUND IN THE URINE OF HUMAN MILK-FED PRETERM INFANTS - EVALUATION BY STABLE ISOTOPIC ENRICHMENT SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; BRUSH-BORDER; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; HUMAN-MONOCYTES; TERM INFANTS; PROTEINS; CELLS; IRON; IGA; GRANULOPOIESIS AB The origin of intact (78-kD) lactoferrin found in the urine of human milk-fed preterm infants was investigated using human milk containing proteins enriched with [C-13]leucine and [N-15(2)lysine or [H-2(4)lysine. Mothers of infants selected for the study were infused i.v. with [C-13] leucine and [N-2(15)]lysine or [H-4(2)]lysine to label milk proteins. The labeled milk was collected from each mother, pooled, fortified with a lyophilized human milk fraction, and fed to her preterm infant by continuous orogastric infusion for a period of 48 h. Urine was collected from each infant for 96 h. Intact lactoferrin (78 kD) and DNA-binding lactoferrin fragments (51 and 39 kD) were purified from the urine by affinity chromatography on columns of immobilized single-stranded DNA-agarose. The concentration and isotopic enrichment of the intact lactoferrin and DNA-binding fragments were determined separately after their isolation by high-performance reverse-phase (phenyl) chromatography. Mass spectral analyses indicated that the isotopic enrichment of the purified urinary lactoferrin was 87 to 100% of that in the labeled human milk lactoferrin. Similar results were obtained for the isolated DNA-binding lactoferrin fragments. The ratios of isotopically labeled leucine to lysine in the purified milk lactoferrins and urinary lactoferrins were similar for each mother/infant pair. Isotopically labeled lysine, added to the milk as free amino acid, was not incorporated into the purified urinary lactoferrin. These results demonstrate that undegraded (78-kD) lactoferrin of maternal origin is absorbed by the gut and excreted intact in the urine of preterm infants; nearly all of the urinary lactoferrin was of maternal origin. The possible immunoregulatory functions of the absorbed intact, maternal lactoferrin are discussed. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP HUTCHENS, TW (reprint author), BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [5RO1HD21049-05] NR 49 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 29 IS 3 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1203/00006450-199103000-00005 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA EZ993 UT WOS:A1991EZ99300005 PM 1903521 ER PT J AU REICHEL, H SISLER, HD KAUFMAN, DD AF REICHEL, H SISLER, HD KAUFMAN, DD TI INDUCERS, SUBSTRATES, AND INHIBITORS OF A PROPANIL-DEGRADING AMIDASE OF FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS; HERBICIDE TRANSFORMATION; DEGRADATION; ACYLAMIDASE; FUNGICIDES; SOLANI C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP 240 EP 250 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(91)90119-7 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA FG198 UT WOS:A1991FG19800005 ER PT J AU SHIMABUKURO, RH HOFFER, BL AF SHIMABUKURO, RH HOFFER, BL TI METABOLISM OF DICLOFOP-METHYL IN SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT BIOTYPES OF LOLIUM-RIGIDUM SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OAT AVENA-FATUA; WILD OAT; WHEAT; TRANSLOCATION; 2,4-D; SEEDLINGS; SATIVA RP SHIMABUKURO, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(91)90120-B PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA FG198 UT WOS:A1991FG19800006 ER PT J AU LAMOUREUX, GL RUSNESS, DG SCHRODER, P RENNENBERG, H AF LAMOUREUX, GL RUSNESS, DG SCHRODER, P RENNENBERG, H TI DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDE METABOLISM IN A SPRUCE CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURE - THE IDENTIFICATION OF 2 NOVEL METABOLITES DERIVED FROM A GLUTATHIONE CONJUGATE SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 FRAUNHOFER INST ATMOSPHAR UMWELTFORSCH,W-8100 GARMISCH PARTENKIR,GERMANY. RP LAMOUREUX, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. RI Rennenberg, Heinz/A-2083-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014 NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP 291 EP 301 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(91)90124-5 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA FG198 UT WOS:A1991FG19800010 ER PT J AU CIESLA, WA AF CIESLA, WA TI ETHICS IN PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE-SENSING - A PERSPECTIVE FROM A NATURAL-RESOURCE SPECIALIST SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW REG,PORTLAND,OR 97204. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 57 IS 3 BP 281 EP 282 PG 2 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA FA556 UT WOS:A1991FA55600002 ER PT J AU HAY, PC RAMSAUR, T SMITH, C MIERNYK, JA AF HAY, PC RAMSAUR, T SMITH, C MIERNYK, JA TI STORAGE PROTEIN MOBILIZATION DURING GERMINATION AND EARLY SEEDLING GROWTH OF ZEA-MAYS SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ENDOSPERM; MAIZE; PROLAMIN; PROTEASE; SEED GERMINATION; STORAGE PROTEIN; ZEA-MAYS; ZEIN ID BARLEY ALEURONE LAYERS; MAIZE ENDOSPERM; ZEIN; BODIES; CORN; PURIFICATION; HYDROLYSIS AB Changes in general protease activity and the levels of the zein storage proteins were monitored during germination and early seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L. inbred A636). General endosperm endoprotease activity, measured in vitro using azocasein as a substrate, increased continuously to day 5 and remained high thereafter. The increase was in parallel with the loss of zein protein as determined by immunoblot analysis, with a total loss of detectable zein by 10 days after inbibition of the seeds. A method was developed for the specific in vitro assay of zein degrading activity by monitoring the release of soluble radioactivity from the immobilized storage protein. The in vitro pH optimum for both general protease and zein degrading activities in homogenates prepared from isolated endosperm was 4.0. However, the curve for general protease activity was asymmetrical suggesting the presence of more than 1 protease. This was verified by activity staining of gelatin-containing polyacrylamide gels, which suggested the presence of 3 major and 3 minor protease activities. Both general protease and zein-specific activities were enhanced more than 2-fold when 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) was included in the assays, and both were inhibited by thiol-protease directed compounds. Most of the general protease activity but none of the zein-specific protease activity bound to con A-Sepharose. Both the con A-binding and nonbinding fractions were analyzed using gelatin activity gels. The 3 minor activity bands were present in the fraction which was specifically eluted from the con A column by alpha-methyl-mannoside, while the 3 major activity bands, corresponding to the zein-specific protease activity, did not bind to the immobilized lectin. C1 USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,SEED BIOSYNTHESIS RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. DAVIDSON COLL,DEPT BIOL,DAVIDSON,NC 28036. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 81 IS 3 BP 377 EP 384 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FE566 UT WOS:A1991FE56600013 ER PT J AU LEESTADELMANN, OY BUSHNELL, WR CURRAN, CM STADELMANN, EJ AF LEESTADELMANN, OY BUSHNELL, WR CURRAN, CM STADELMANN, EJ TI PERMEABILITY TO NONELECTROLYTES AS AN INDICATOR OF CHANGE IN MEMBRANE LIPID STRUCTURE IN HORDEUM-VULGARE CELLS INFECTED BY ERYSIPHE-GRAMINIS F SP HORDEI SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POWDERY MILDEW; SOLUTE C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT HORT SCI,PROTOPLASMATOL LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 38 IS 3 BP 163 EP 178 DI 10.1016/S0885-5765(05)80122-5 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FV187 UT WOS:A1991FV18700001 ER PT J AU KOLMER, JA DYCK, PL ROELFS, AP AF KOLMER, JA DYCK, PL ROELFS, AP TI AN APPRAISAL OF STEM AND LEAF RUST RESISTANCE IN NORTH-AMERICAN HARD RED SPRING WHEATS AND THE PROBABILITY OF MULTIPLE MUTATIONS TO VIRULENCE IN POPULATIONS OF CEREAL RUST FUNGI SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; F-SP TRITICI; CANADA C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP KOLMER, JA (reprint author), AGR CANADA,RES STN,195 DAFOE RD,WINNIPEG R3T 2M9,MANITOBA,CANADA. NR 21 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 1991 VL 81 IS 3 BP 237 EP 239 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FA213 UT WOS:A1991FA21300001 ER PT J AU GRISHAM, MP AF GRISHAM, MP TI EFFECT OF RATOON STUNTING DISEASE ON YIELD OF SUGARCANE GROWN IN MULTIPLE 3-YEAR PLANTINGS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CLAVIBACTER-XYLI SUBSP XYLI; SACCHARUM AB Yield losses in sugarcane caused by ratoon stunting disease were observed for seven of eight cultivars tested in four to six crop cycles of 3-yr plantings. In the seven cultivars, average 3-yr losses ranged from 29 to 60 t/ha; sugar losses ranged from 2,627 to 7,369 kg/ha. Losses tended to increase with the number of years a planting was cropped. Cane losses averaged 14% in the first-year crop and increased to 27% in the third-year (second-ratoon) crop. For a given cultivar, the magnitude of losses varied among plantings; however, the planting X disease treatment interaction was not significant. Losses from ratoon stunting disease were observed for six cultivars that currently occupy approximately 93% of the sugarcane hectarage in Louisiana. RP GRISHAM, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SUGARCANE RES UNIT,POB 470,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 1991 VL 81 IS 3 BP 337 EP 340 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-337 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FA213 UT WOS:A1991FA21300018 ER PT J AU FULKERSON, JF AF FULKERSON, JF TI UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article RP FULKERSON, JF (reprint author), USDA,COOPERATIVE STATE RES SERV,SUITE 330,AEROSP BLDG,901 D ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 1991 VL 81 IS 3 BP 343 EP 343 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FA213 UT WOS:A1991FA21300019 ER PT J AU MACKENZIE, DR AF MACKENZIE, DR TI THE NATIONAL BIOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROGRAM SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article RP MACKENZIE, DR (reprint author), USDA,NATL BIOL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROGRAM,SUITE 330 AEROSP BLDG,901 D ST,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 1991 VL 81 IS 3 BP 361 EP 361 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FA213 UT WOS:A1991FA21300024 ER PT J AU PEDERSEN, JF RODRIGUEZKABANA, R AF PEDERSEN, JF RODRIGUEZKABANA, R TI WINTER GRASS COVER CROP EFFECTS ON NEMATODES AND YIELDS OF DOUBLE CROPPED SOYBEAN SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE-MAX L; HETERODERA-GLYCINES ICHINCHE; LOLIUM-MULTIFLORUM LAM; SECALE-CEREALE L; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; TYLENCHORHYNCHUS-CLAYTONI (KOFOID AND WHITE) CHITWOOD ID CULTIVARS AB Rye (Secale cereale L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) are commonly double cropped with soybean (Glycine max L.). Recent greenhouse studies have shown variability in plant-parasitic nematode response to cool season grass species and cultivars. However, subsequent soybean performance was not affected by previous annual ryegrass cultivar in the greenhouse. The objective of this research was to determine whether winter cover crop species or cultivars affected nematode populations and subsequent performance of soybean in the field. Four cultivars of annual ryegrass, wheat, and rye, and a fallow control were seeded on a Suffolk sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Hapuldult) soil in each of three years. Nematode-susceptible soybeans were seeded following forage removal. Soil samples for nematode counts were taken immediately before soybean harvest each year. In another experiment, one cultivar each of annual ryegrass, wheat, and rye, and a fallow control were followed by three soybean cultivars selected for differing nematode susceptibility. Grass cultivars did not affect nematode populations under succeeding soybean. The only nematodes affected by grass species in either experiment were Pratylenchus spp., Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, and Tylenchorhynchus claytoni (Kofoid and White) Chitwood. Nematode population means were usually low following ryegrass and high following the fallow control. High soybean yields followed the fallow control, and low soybean yields followed annual ryegrass. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP PEDERSEN, JF (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,WHEAT SORGHUM & FORAGE RES UNIT,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAR PY 1991 VL 131 IS 2 BP 287 EP 291 DI 10.1007/BF00009460 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA EZ471 UT WOS:A1991EZ47100017 ER PT J AU ISHIDA, BK AF ISHIDA, BK TI DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION IS ALTERED IN THE CALYX DURING INVITRO OVARY CULTURE OF TOMATO SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; POLYGALACTURONASE; FRUIT; DEGRADATION; ETHYLENE AB To develop a system with which to study fruit ripening, in vitro ovary cultures were initiated from tomato flowers. As reported previously [Nitsch, J.P. (1951). Am. J. Bot. 38, 566-577], tomato fruit ripened after 6 to 7 weeks, but calyces swelled unexpectedly, lost their green color, and gradually became red and succulent. Investigations were conducted, therefore, to verify the occurrence of the ripening process in the calyx. Ethylene production increased in both ripening fruit and red calyx, as did tissue contents of its immediate precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. In addition, an increase in the mRNA of polygalacturonase [poly(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide) glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.15], an enzyme that in tomato is present in large amounts only in ripening fruit, was established in both ripe fruit and red calyx by RNA gel blot analysis. Ultrastructural studies showed that the disruption of cell walls in red calyx was indistinguishable from that occurring in ripe tomato fruit. Thus, the developmental program of the calyx changed in several aspects to resemble that of tomato fruit. RP ISHIDA, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD MAR PY 1991 VL 3 IS 3 BP 219 EP 223 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA FE131 UT WOS:A1991FE13100002 ER PT J AU ROTH, BA GOFF, SA KLEIN, TM FROMM, ME AF ROTH, BA GOFF, SA KLEIN, TM FROMM, ME TI C1-DEPENDENT AND R-DEPENDENT EXPRESSION OF THE MAIZE BZ1 GENE REQUIRES SEQUENCES WITH HOMOLOGY TO MAMMALIAN MYB AND MYC BINDING-SITES SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS; DNA-BINDING; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; UPSTREAM REGION; PROTEIN; ONCOGENE; ELEMENTS; PROMOTER; ENCODES; POLYMERASE AB Tissue-specific expression of the maize anthocyanin Bronze-1 (Bz1) gene is controlled by the products of several regulatory genes. These include C1 or PI and R or B that share homology to the myb proto-oncogenes and myc-like genes, respectively. Bz1 expression in embryo tissues is dependent on C1 and an R-sc allele of R. Transient expression from mutated and deleted versions of the Bz1 promoter fused to a luciferase reporter gene was measured in C1, Rscm2 embryos after gene transfer by microprojectiles. This analysis revealed that the sequences between -76 base pairs (bp) and -45 bp and a 9-bp AT-rich block between -88 bp and -80 bp were critical for Bz1 expression. The -76 bp to -45 bp region includes two short sequences that are homologous to the consensus binding sites of the myb- and myc-like proteins. Site-specific mutations of these "myb" and "myc" sequences reduced Bz1 expression to 10% and 1% of normal, respectively. Additionally, a trimer of a 38-bp oligonucleotide containing these myb and myc sites increased the expression of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S minimal promoter by 26-fold. This enhancement was dependent on both C1 and R. Because the sites critical for Bz1 expression are homologous to the myb and myc consensus binding sequences and the C1 and R proteins share homology with the myb and myc products, respectively, we propose that C1 and R interact with the Bz1 promoter at these sites. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,PLANT GENE EXPRESS CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. NR 42 TC 109 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD MAR PY 1991 VL 3 IS 3 BP 317 EP 325 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA FE131 UT WOS:A1991FE13100010 PM 1840914 ER PT J AU KAISER, WJ WYATT, SD KLEIN, RE AF KAISER, WJ WYATT, SD KLEIN, RE TI EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SEED TRANSMISSION OF 2 TOBACCO STREAK VIRUS PATHOTYPES ASSOCIATED WITH SEED INCREASES OF LEGUME GERM PLASM IN EASTERN WASHINGTON SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MOSAIC-VIRUS; PROTEINS; HOSTS AB Two pathotypes of tobacco streak virus (TSV), designated I and II, were isolated from naturally infected bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and white sweet clover (Melilotus alba) at Central Ferry, WA. The two pathotypes could be distinguished by their host reactions, serology, and by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Pathotype I infected cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), but pathotype II did not. Pathotype I isolates were similar, if not identical, to the red node strain of TSV in bean, whereas pathotype II isolates induced green to yellow mosaics in this host. Alfalfa and white sweet clover were overwintering hosts of both pathotypes. Pathotype I isolates were seed transmitted in naturally infected Black Turtle Soup (BTS) bean at a rate of 3.8%. Isolates of pathotypes I and II were seed transmitted in six of nine and five of nine mechanically inoculated bean cultivars, respectively, at rates of 0.9-15.1% and 0.5-2.4%. Inoculation of BTS bean in the greenhouse with pathotypes I and II reduced seed yields by 14-49%, and seed transmission ranged from 0.5 to 32.8% depending on the virus isolate and method of inoculation. In greenhouse trials, an isolate of pathotype I was seed transmitted in artifically infected adzuki bean (29%) but not in chickpea or fenugreek. Seed transmission of TSV was not detected in naturally infected alfalfa from Central Ferry. Inoculation of chickpea at Central Ferry with isolates of pathotypes I and II reduced seed yields at prebloom by 77-96% and at full bloom by 25-71%. Contrary to results from greenhouse tests, seed transmission of pathotypes I and II in prebloom-inoculated, field-grown chickpeas ranged from 1.1 to 11.1%. BTS bean trap plants placed in screened cages at biweekly intervals at Central Ferry became infected with both pathotypes of TSV. Transmission of TSV to bean plants in the cages differed greatly depending on the type of screen covering the cages. Maximum infection of 83% occurred on 9 July in cages with screens with larger openings (500-mu-m), compared with 11% of the trap plants in cages with screens with smaller openings (110-mu-m). Results suggest that an insect vector smaller than alate aphids is responsible for field spread of TSV to beans. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP KAISER, WJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WESTERN REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 258 EP 264 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EY787 UT WOS:A1991EY78700009 ER PT J AU LOPER, JE HENKELS, MD ROBERTS, RG GROVE, GG WILLETT, MJ SMITH, TJ AF LOPER, JE HENKELS, MD ROBERTS, RG GROVE, GG WILLETT, MJ SMITH, TJ TI EVALUATION OF STREPTOMYCIN, OXYTETRACYCLINE, AND COPPER RESISTANCE OF ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA ISOLATED FROM PEAR ORCHARDS IN WASHINGTON-STATE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FIRE BLIGHT; APPLE; PLASMID AB One hundred and thirty-eight pathogenic strains of E. amylovora were isolated from fire blight cankers of pear trees from 44 orchards in the major pear-growing regions of Washington State. Ninety-eight strains, isolated from 38 of the orchards sampled, were resistant to streptomycin (1 mg/ml). Streptomycin-resistant strains of E. amylovora were ubiquitous in all of the major pear-growing regions of Washington. None of the strains tested were resistant to oxytetracycline (25-mu-g/ml) or CuSO4 (0.16 mM). Nevertheless, spontaneous mutants with tolerance to 0.16 mM CuSO4 were observed at a frequency of 10(-6)-10(-7) mutant colonies per wild type polonyony in most strains. C1 USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. YAKIMA CTY COOPERAT EXTENS,YAKIMA,WA 98901. CHELAN DOUGLAS OKANOGAN CTY COOPERAT EXTENS,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,CTR TREE FRUIT RES & EXTENS,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. RP LOPER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,3420 NW ORCHARD AVE,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 20 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 287 EP 290 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EY787 UT WOS:A1991EY78700016 ER PT J AU HSU, HT LAWSON, RH AF HSU, HT LAWSON, RH TI DIRECT TISSUE BLOTTING FOR DETECTION OF TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS IN IMPATIENS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PLANT-VIRUSES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ASSAY; IMMUNOASSAYS; FILTER AB Direct tissue blotting for detection of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a dot-blot immunoassay (DBIA). TSWV was readily detected in tissue blots of infected Nicotinana benthamiana leaves. When biotinylated mouse monoclonal antibodies were used, DBIA was nearly eight times more sensitive than ELISA for detection of TSWV in extracts from infected N. benthamiana leaves. Leaf and stem samples from Eustoma (lisianthus) and several Impatients plants showing viruslike symptoms tested positively by double-antibody sandwich ELISA and by direct tissue blottings. Asymptomatic leaves or stems from the same plants were negative in ELISA tests. Although tissue blots of asymptomatic leaves and stems were negative to the naked eye, positive reactions were observed when blots were examined at x 10-20 with a dissecting microscope. RP HSU, HT (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 292 EP 295 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EY787 UT WOS:A1991EY78700018 ER PT J AU COTTY, PJ AF COTTY, PJ TI EFFECT OF HARVEST DATE ON AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION OF COTTONSEED SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; PINK-BOLLWORM; ARIZONA COTTONSEED; BOLLS; ACCUMULATION; INOCULATION; SEED AB In 1987 and 1988, aflatoxin in cottonseed was three to 12 times higher in seed harvested at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center near the end of the commercial harvest season than at the beginning in the Yuma Valley of Arizona. Most toxin was detected in seed from tight locks and locks with lint exhibiting bright green-yellow fluorescence. Evidence from laboratory experiments confirmed observations on field-grown cotton that aflatoxin levels may increase in fully mature cottonseed both before and after harvest. Toxin increases occurred over a broad range of temperatures (16-37 C) if the relative humidity was 93% or greater. Early harvest is recommended to improve management of aflatoxin contamination of Arizona cottonseed. RP COTTY, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 312 EP 314 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EY787 UT WOS:A1991EY78700023 ER PT J AU MONTASSER, MS KAPER, JM OWENS, RA AF MONTASSER, MS KAPER, JM OWENS, RA TI 1ST REPORT OF POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF POTATO SPINDLE TUBER VIROID DISEASE BY VIRUS-SATELLITE COMBINATION SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MONTASSER, MS (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 3 BP 319 EP 319 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EY787 UT WOS:A1991EY78700029 ER PT J AU BRAUER, D TU, SI AF BRAUER, D TU, SI TI N-CYCLO-N'-(4-DIMETHYLAMINO-ALPHA-NAPHTHYL)CARBODIIMIDE INHIBITS MEMBRANE-BOUND AND PARTIALLY PURIFIED TONOPLAST ATPASE FROM MAIZE ROOTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VANADATE-SENSITIVE ATPASE; CORN ROOTS; PROTON TRANSPORT; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; H+-ATPASE; DICYCLOHEXYLCARBODIIMIDE; PURIFICATION; MICROSOMES; SUBUNITS AB Certain carboxylic acid groups within the primary structure of proton translocating proteins are thought to be involved in the proton pathway. In this report, the effects of a lipophilic carboxylic acid reactive reagent, N-cyclo-N'(4-dimethylamino-alpha-naphthyl)carbodiimide (NCD-4), on the two types of proton pumps in maize (Zea mays L.) root microsomes were investigated. NCD-4 was found to inhibit the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase in microsomal preparations; however, the plasma membrane-type H+-ATPase was unaffected. The H+-ATPase in highly purified tonoplast vesicles was also inhibited by NCD-4. Inhibition was dependent on the concentration and length of exposure to the reagent. However, there was little, if any, increase in the fluorescence of treated vesicles, indicating few carboxylic acid residues were reacting. Inhibition of the tonoplast H+-ATPase by NCD-4 was examined further with a partially purified preparation. The partially purified H+-ATPase also showed sensitivity to the NCD-4, supporting the hypothesis that this carboxylic acid reagent is an inhibitor of the tonoplast ATPase from maize roots. RP BRAUER, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 95 IS 3 BP 707 EP 710 DI 10.1104/pp.95.3.707 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FE130 UT WOS:A1991FE13000008 PM 16668043 ER PT J AU WILSON, CM AF WILSON, CM TI MULTIPLE ZEINS FROM MAIZE ENDOSPERMS CHARACTERIZED BY REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE PROTEINS ZEINS; SEPARATION; FRACTIONS; SEQUENCE; GENES; GELS AB The major storage proteins of maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm are located in protein bodies, and may be separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) into two major classes and four minor classes of polypeptides. The two major classes (commonly known as zeins) have been separated previously into a large number of components by isoelectric focusing (IEF). Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) further separated the major classes into additional components, and gave distinctive peaks for each minor zein class. Some IEF bands produced two or more HPLC fractions, while some HPLC fractions produced two or more IEF bands. Apparently identical IEF bands from different inbreds may appear in different fractions after HPLC. Thus the total number of zeins revealed by separations based on apparent size (SDS-PAGE), net charge (IEF), and hydrophobicity (HPLC) is very large. Different laboratories have developed diverse nomenclatures which cause much confusion. A key is presented to provide a flexible and expandable nomenclature for this complex group of proteins. RP WILSON, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PLANT POLYMER RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 30 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 95 IS 3 BP 777 EP 786 DI 10.1104/pp.95.3.777 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FE130 UT WOS:A1991FE13000018 PM 16668053 ER PT J AU BAILEY, BA LARSON, RL AF BAILEY, BA LARSON, RL TI MAIZE MICROSOMAL BENZOXAZINONE N-MONOOXYGENASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROXAMIC ACIDS; HYDROXYLATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; SEEDLINGS; SYSTEM AB The benzoxazinones occur in hydroxamic acid and lactam forms in maize (Zea mays L.) tissue. The hydroxamic acid forms which possess a N-hydroxyl group are found in the highest concentration while the lactam members which lack the N-hydroxyl group occur in lower concentrations. The hydroxamic acid 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA) has as its lactam counterpart 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA). An enzyme has been identified in maize microsomal preparations which catalyzes the N-hydroxylation of HBOA to form DIBOA. The enzyme is initially observed in seedlings 2 days after imb imbibition which coincides with the onset of hydroxamic acid accumulation. The enzyme requires NADPH and is inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents, NADP, cytochrome c, cations, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen gas. The effect of nitrogen can be reversed by exposing the enzyme to air, while the effect of carbon monoxide can be reversed by exposing the enzyme to 450 nanometer light during the incubation period. The apparent K(m) values for HBOA and NADPH are 13 and 5 micromolar, respectively. The pH optimum is 7.5 and the temperature optimum for the enzyme is 35-degrees-C. A 450 nanometer absorbance peak is observed when reduced microsomal preparations are exposed to carbon monoxide which in combination with other data presented supports the hypothesis that the enzyme is a cytochrome P-450 dependent N-monooxygenase. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT BIOCHEM,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 95 IS 3 BP 792 EP 796 DI 10.1104/pp.95.3.792 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FE130 UT WOS:A1991FE13000020 PM 16668055 ER PT J AU MORRIS, CF ANDERBERG, RJ GOLDMARK, PJ WALKERSIMMONS, MK AF MORRIS, CF ANDERBERG, RJ GOLDMARK, PJ WALKERSIMMONS, MK TI MOLECULAR-CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF ABSCISIC ACID-RESPONSIVE GENES IN EMBRYOS OF DORMANT WHEAT SEEDS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; CDNA CLONE; PROTEINS; SEQUENCE; PURIFICATION; INVITRO; BARLEY; RNA AB Hydrated dormant cereal seeds do not germinate even when environmental conditions are favorable for germination. By using cDNA cloning and differential screening, we have identified mRNAs from five gene families that are abundant in the embryos of imbibed, but developmentally arrested wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds. Gene transcript levels of these mRNAs are maintained and even increase in embryos of imbibed dormant seeds for as long as the seeds remain dormant. In contrast, transcript levels decline in nondormant seeds after imbibition and disappear as germination occurs. All the identified genes are ABA responsive. Based on these data we conclude that wheat seeds in the hydrated dormant state exhibit prolonged expression of ABA-responsive genes. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WHEAT GENET QUAL PHYSIOL & DIS RES,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 38 TC 90 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 95 IS 3 BP 814 EP 821 DI 10.1104/pp.95.3.814 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FE130 UT WOS:A1991FE13000024 PM 16668059 ER PT J AU DEVETTEN, NC HUBER, DJ GROSS, KC AF DEVETTEN, NC HUBER, DJ GROSS, KC TI ENDOGLYCANASE-CATALYZED DEGRADATION OF HEMICELLULOSES DURING DEVELOPMENT OF CARNATION (DIANTHUS-CARYOPHYLLUS L) PETALS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL; TOMATO FRUIT; ALDITOL ACETATES; PURIFICATION; POLYURONIDES; METHYLATION; XYLOGLUCAN; ENZYMES; ACID AB Large molecular-size hemicelluloses, including xyloglucan, decreased in quantity during development of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv White Sim) petals, along with a relative increase in polymers with an average size of 10 kilodaltons. An enzyme extract from senescing petal tissue depolymerized the large molecular-size hemicelluloses in a pattern similar to that occurring in vivo during petal development. The products generated in vitro were composed of polymeric and monomeric components, the latter consisting primarily of xylose, galactose, and glucose. The 10 kilodalton hemicelluloses were resistant to in vitro enzymic hydrolysis. Glycosyl-linkage composition of the large molecular-size polymers provided evidence for the presence of xyloglucan with smaller amounts of arabinoxylan and arabinan. The 10 kilodalton polymers were enriched in mannosyl and 4-linked glucosyl residues, presumably derived from glucomannan. During petal development of enzymic hydrolysis, no change was observed in the relative glycosyl-linkage composition of the large molecular-size hemicelluloses. The in vitro activity of carnation petal enzymes active toward native hemicelluloses increased threefold at the onset of senescence and declined slightly thereafter. Gel chromatography revealed 23 and 12 kilodalton proteins with hemicellulase activity. The enzymes hydrolyzed the large molecular-size hemicelluloses extensively and without formation of monomers. Endoxylanase activity was detected in the partially purified enzyme preparation. Xyloglucan was depolymerized in the absence of cellulase activity, suggesting the presence of a xyloglucan-specific glucanase. These data indicate that the hemicellulose molecular-size changes observed during development of carnation petals are due, in part, to the enzymic depolymerization of large molecular-size hemicelluloses. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT VEGETABLE CROPS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 95 IS 3 BP 853 EP 860 DI 10.1104/pp.95.3.853 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FE130 UT WOS:A1991FE13000029 PM 16668064 ER PT J AU TUCKER, ML MILLIGAN, SB AF TUCKER, ML MILLIGAN, SB TI SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF AVOCADO FRUIT AND BEAN ABSCISSION CELLULASES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CDNA CLONE; ETHYLENE; PURIFICATION; EXTRACTION; PATTERNS; PROTEIN; AUXIN; ACIDS AB A 1700 nucleotide cDNA clone for a bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv Red Kidney) abscission cellulase (endo-(1,4)-beta-D-glucanase) has been identified and sequenced. This cDNA clone contains a 1485 nucleotide open reading frame which includes coding sequences for a putative signal peptide and mature protein. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences for the bean abscission cellulase are compared to the previously reported sequences of an avocado fruit ripening cellulase. Optimal alignment of these sequences shows 64% and 50% identically matched nucleotides and amino acids, respectively. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences for the mature bean and avocado cellulases indicates that these two proteins share similar molecular weights, position of cysteine residues, and hydropathic character, but have very different isoelectric points and glycosylation. Genomic blot data suggest that the avocado fruit cellulase belongs to a small gene family, whereas the bean abscission cellulase appears to be encoded by a single gene or a few very closely related genes. RP TUCKER, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,ROOM 207,BLDG 006,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 95 IS 3 BP 928 EP 933 DI 10.1104/pp.95.3.928 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FE130 UT WOS:A1991FE13000039 PM 16668074 ER PT J AU MARKS, HL WASHBURN, KW AF MARKS, HL WASHBURN, KW TI PLASMA AND YOLK CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN JAPANESE-QUAIL DIVERGENTLY SELECTED FOR PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL RESPONSE TO ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; QUAIL; SELECTION; PLASMA; YOLK ID COTURNIX-COTURNIX-JAPONICA; LAYING HENS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; LIPOPROTEINS; GENERATIONS; METABOLISM; FIBER AB Studies were conducted to determine the effect of divergent selection for plasma cholesterol response to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) on the levels and relationships between plasma and yolk cholesterol in Japanese quail. Cholesterol data were obtained in Generation 25, following seven generations of relaxed selection, from birds maintained under a normal environment with no exposure to exogenous ACTH. Levels of plasma and yolk cholesterol were determined at 22 and 28 wk. Plasma cholesterol levels of quail in the low cholesterol line were significantly (P < .01) lower than levels in the high line at both ages (224 versus 383 and 209 versus 326 mg/100 mL, respectively). In contrast, yolk cholesterol levels were significantly (P < .01) higher in the low line than in the high line (24.1 versus 21.5 and 21.1 versus 16.9 mg cholesterol/g yolk at 22 and 28 wk, respectively). A significant line by sex interaction was present at both ages for plasma cholesterol with females having higher cholesterol values than males in the low line and males having higher values than females in the high line. A negative relationship was observed between changes in plasma and yolk cholesterol in the selected lines. Greater deposition of cholesterol in the yolk of the line with lower plasma cholesterol indicates that excretion rate may play a role in explaining genetic differences in plasma cholesterol. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT POULTRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP MARKS, HL (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 70 IS 3 BP 429 EP 433 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FC023 UT WOS:A1991FC02300002 PM 1646444 ER PT J AU MARKS, HL AF MARKS, HL TI DIVERGENT SELECTION FOR GROWTH IN JAPANESE-QUAIL UNDER SPLIT AND COMPLETE NUTRITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS .4. GENETIC AND CORRELATED RESPONSES FROM GENERATIONS 12 TO 20 SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE QUAIL; DIVERGENT SELECTION; BODY WEIGHT; EGG WEIGHT; NUTRITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS ID LONG-TERM SELECTION; COTURNIX-COTURNIX-JAPONICA; 4-WEEK BODY-WEIGHT; DIETARY SELECTION; SEXUAL MATURITY; YOLK PRECURSOR; ABDOMINAL FAT; PROTEIN; INHERITANCE; BROILERS AB Divergent selection during Generations 12 to 20 for high (H) and low (L) 4-wk BW under split-(SD) and complete-(CD) diet environments resulted in continued progress in both upward and downward directions. Following 20 generations of selection, there were 4.8- and 3.6-fold differences between BW of H and L lines in the SD and CD environments, respectively. Regression coefficients of mean 4-wk BW on generation of 1.88 and 1.58 g in the H lines and -1.50 and -1.37 g in the L lines indicated symmetrical selection responses. Realized heritabilities for 4-wk BW ranged from .2 to .4; selection differentials were significantly (P < .01) larger in the H lines than in the L lines. Directional changes in 2-wk and adult BW and in egg weight across generations were similar to that of the selection trait (4-wk BW). Selection resulted in decreased hatchability and egg production and an increase in the age of sexual maturity. However, these changes were smaller than corresponding changes observed in earlier generations (0 to 11). Egg size of lines selected in the SD environment continued to be larger than egg size of corresponding lines in the CD environment. Considerable genetic variation for BW remains under both SD and CD environments following 20 generations of divergent selection. Smaller gains resulting from lower heritabilities agree with theoretical expectations of decreasing responses accompanying continuous selection. RP MARKS, HL (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,107 LIVESTOCK POULTRY BLDG,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 70 IS 3 BP 453 EP 462 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FC023 UT WOS:A1991FC02300006 PM 2047338 ER PT J AU GIROIR, LE HUFF, WE KUBENA, LE HARVEY, RB ELISSALDE, MH WITZEL, DA YERSIN, AG IVIE, GW AF GIROIR, LE HUFF, WE KUBENA, LE HARVEY, RB ELISSALDE, MH WITZEL, DA YERSIN, AG IVIE, GW TI TOXIC EFFECTS OF KOJIC ACID IN THE DIET OF MALE BROILERS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE KOJIC ACID; BROILERS; TOXICITY; MYCOTOXINS; PERFORMANCE AB The toxicological effects induced by the administration of kojic acid were characterized in young male broiler chickens (Hubbard x Peterson). The experimental design consisted of six dietary treatments of kojic acid (0, 5, 2, 4, and 8 g/kg feed) and four replicates of 10 broilers per replicate. Kojic acid significantly (P <.05) decreased growth rates at concentration greater than 2 g basic acid/kg feed. Kojic acid in higher concentrations also significantly increased the relative weights of the proventriciulus, gizzard, pancreas, and liver, and significantly decreased the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius at necropsy (Day 21). Hematological changes included a significant increase in the number of red blood cells, a significant increased in packed-cell volume, and a significant decrease in mean corpuscular volume. Also occuring was a significant increase in the serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Hepatotoxicity of dierary kojic acid was evident through a significant increase in the activitis of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and creatin kinase and a significant decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase. A significant increase in serum uric acid concentration wa indicative of nephrotoxicity, and a significant increase in serum glucose concentration was indicative of pancreatic toxicity. A significant decrease in colonic temperature was also observed. Because the toxic effects of kojic acid were only observed at concentrations greater than 2 g kojic acid/kg feed, this mycotoxin alone does not appear to pose a serious economic threat to the poultry industry. C1 USDA ARS,VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 70 IS 3 BP 499 EP 503 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FC023 UT WOS:A1991FC02300012 PM 2047342 ER PT J AU RUFF, MD CHUTE, MB GARCIA, R AF RUFF, MD CHUTE, MB GARCIA, R TI SUPPLEMENTAL USE OF LIQUID AMPROLIUM IN SKIP-A-DAY FEEDING OF REPLACEMENT PULLETS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AMPROLIUM; DRINKING WATER; SKIP-A-DAY FEEDING PROGRAM; EIMERIA-ACERVULINA; EIMERIA-TENELLA AB The addition of liquid amprolium to the drinking water on days when medicated (amprolium) ration was not fed in a restricted feeding (skip-a-day) program improved protection against a primary exposure to Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria tenella, yet still allowed for the development of protective immunity to subsequent challenge. With E. tenella, the best protection, as measured by reduction of lesion score, was provided by amprolium given in the drinking water on alternate days to feed medication when compared with the use of amprolium only in the feed or liquid amprolium at less frequent intervals (every second or third nonfeeding day). With Eimeria maxima, amprolium in in the feed did not significantly lower lesion score compared with the score in unmedicated pullets; however, the further addition of amprolium to the drinking water did. When pullets were reared in floor pens previously seeded with coccidia, amprolium medication in the feed alone reduced the E. tenella-induced mortality rate from 28 to 8%. The addition of amprolium in the drinking water on nonfeeding days eliminated all deaths. Floor-reared pullets were caged after 3 wk and challenged 1 wk later with the same species of coccidial oocysts used to immunize on the floor. Coccidial lesion scores following challenge were eliminated or markedly lower than in pen-reared (unimmunized) pullets similarly challenged. This indicated that protective immunity developed despite the use of amprolium in the drinking water. C1 MERCK & CO INC,MSD AGVET,RAHWAY,NJ 07065. RP RUFF, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 70 IS 3 BP 515 EP 520 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FC023 UT WOS:A1991FC02300015 PM 2047345 ER PT J AU JENKINS, MC CASTLE, MD DANFORTH, HD AF JENKINS, MC CASTLE, MD DANFORTH, HD TI PROTECTIVE IMMUNIZATION AGAINST THE INTESTINAL PARASITE EIMERIA-ACERVULINA WITH RECOMBINANT COCCIDIAL ANTIGEN SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EIMERIA; COCCIDIOSIS; RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN; IMMUNIZATION; CHICKENS ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; AVIAN COCCIDIOSIS; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; DRUG-RESISTANCE; CHICKENS; TENELLA; CDNA; IMMUNITY; PROTEIN AB The gene encoding an immunodominant Eimeria acervulina merozoite surface antigen (EAMZ250) was expressed in bacteria as a fusion peptide with the galactose-binding protein (GBP) of Escherichia coli. Recombinant and control antigens were administered to 1-wk-old chickens by peroral inoculation with live nonpathogenic bacteria that were expressing GBP-EAMZ250 or GBP protein. The immunization elicited antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses as measured by ELISA and T-cell blastogenesis assay. In addition, chickens immunized with recombinant GBP-EAMZ250 exhibited significant protection against weight loss and intestinal lesions after E. acervulina challenge. Bacterial transformants were recoverable from the upper and middle intestine of inoculated chickens for various times after immunization. These data indicate that oral administration of live E. coli expressing a recombinant E. acervulina antigen is an effective means of inducing resistance to coccidiosis. RP JENKINS, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 70 IS 3 BP 539 EP 547 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FC023 UT WOS:A1991FC02300018 PM 2047347 ER PT J AU GAVORA, JS KUHNLEIN, U CRITTENDEN, LB SPENCER, JL SABOUR, MP AF GAVORA, JS KUHNLEIN, U CRITTENDEN, LB SPENCER, JL SABOUR, MP TI ENDOGENOUS VIRAL GENES - ASSOCIATION WITH REDUCED EGG-PRODUCTION RATE AND EGG SIZE IN WHITE LEGHORNS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ENDOGENOUS PROVIRUSES; CHICKENS; EGG PRODUCTION; EGG SIZE; BLOOD SPOTS ID AVIAN-LEUKOSIS VIRUS; MAREKS-DISEASE RESISTANCE; GERM LINE; CHICKENS; INFECTION; MORTALITY; SEQUENCES; SELECTION; INSERTION; ABSENCE AB Endogenous viral (ev) genes are DNA sequences residing permanently in the genome of most chickens that have a high degree of homology to avian leukosis viruses (ALV). Association of ev genes with production trait differences was studied in White Leghorns free of exogenous ALV. The Cornell Strain K and S chickens used in Experiment 1 had multiple ev genes. In each of four lines of chickens in Experiment 2, there was a 1:1 segregation of full-sibs free of ev genes and those carrying one ev gene: ev-12 that produces the complete endogenous virus, ev-3 or ev-6 that express certain viral antigens, or ev-1, a silent gene. In Experiment 1, the presence of genes ev-10 or ev-19, known to produce the complete virus, was associated with a 9% reduction in the annual egg production rate (P < .05) in Strain S. Similarly, the presence of the virus-producing ev-12 in Experiment 2 was associated with an 8% reduction of annual egg production rate (P < .05), a 2.2-g reduction in egg weight (P < .01), and a .003 reduction in egg specific gravity (P < .01). No significant effects of ev genes on age at first egg, Haugh unit score, percentage of eggs with blood spots, and body weight of hens were observed. It was concluded that ev genes producing complete endogenous virus are associated with production trait differences similar to those associated with subclinical infections with exogenous ALV. C1 MCGILL UNIV,MACDONALD COLL,DEPT ANIM SCI,ST ANNE BELLEVUE H9X 1C0,QUEBEC,CANADA. USDA ARS,REG POULTRY RES LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. AGR CANADA,ANIM DIS RES INST,NEPEAN K2H 8P9,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP GAVORA, JS (reprint author), AGR CANADA,ANIM RES CTR,OTTAWA K1A 0C6,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 33 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 70 IS 3 BP 618 EP 623 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FC023 UT WOS:A1991FC02300029 PM 1646446 ER PT J AU PEEBLES, ED MARKS, HL AF PEEBLES, ED MARKS, HL TI EFFECTS OF SELECTION ON PLASMA THYROXINE CONCENTRATIONS IN JAPANESE-QUAIL UNDER THIOURACIL AND PROTEIN STRESS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DIETARY THIOURACIL; DIETARY PROTEIN; BODY WEIGHT; GROWTH INHIBITOR; THYROID SUPPRESSION ID 4-WEEK BODY-WEIGHT; LONG-TERM SELECTION; NUTRITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS; HORMONES; GROWTH AB Three experiments were conducted to measure changes in plasma thyroxine (T4) concentrations occurring in male and female Japanese quail in response to treatment with dietary thiouracil (TU) and different CP levels prior to sexual maturity and to determine the influence of selection for growth under TU and protein stress on this response. Selected and unselected lines of quail were fed diets containing .2% TU or two levels of CP (20 or 28%) or both from 0 to 4 wk of age. Body weight and plasma T4 were measured at 5, 7, and 9 wk of age in Experiments 1 and 2. In Experiment 3, body weight was measured at 2, 4, 5, 7, and 9 wk and T4 at 4, 7, and 9 wk. Thiouracil inhibited growth to a greater degree than did decreased dietary CP. However, offspring from selected quail were more resistant to dietary TU when selection diets contained TU. When fed as part of a selection regimen rather than to unselected birds, low CP, TU diets inhibited body weight increase to a greater degree and longer after birds were returned to, control diets. Thyroxine concentrations between 4 and 9 wk were affected by TU but not by CP level. Thiouracil significantly reduced T4 during treatment; however, T4 was elevated by 3 wk after cessation of TU treatment. Increases in T4 were greater and more immediate in selected than in unselected birds. These findings reveal the ability of quail to compensate for thyroid suppression after TU is removed from the diet and the influence of selection on this compensatory response. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,107 LIVESTOCK POULTRY BLDG,ATHENS,GA 30602. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 70 IS 3 BP 641 EP 650 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FC023 UT WOS:A1991FC02300032 PM 2047354 ER PT J AU WALL, RJ PURSEL, VG SHAMAY, A MCKNIGHT, RA PITTIUS, CW HENNIGHAUSEN, L AF WALL, RJ PURSEL, VG SHAMAY, A MCKNIGHT, RA PITTIUS, CW HENNIGHAUSEN, L TI HIGH-LEVEL SYNTHESIS OF A HETEROLOGOUS MILK PROTEIN IN THE MAMMARY-GLANDS OF TRANSGENIC SWINE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WHEY ACIDIC PROTEIN; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; GENE PROMOTER; HORMONAL-REGULATION; CASEIN GENE; EXPRESSION; MICE; MOUSE; RAT; LIVESTOCK AB The whey acidic protein (WAP) is a major milk protein in mice, rats, and rabbits but has not been found in milk of livestock including swine. To determine whether mammary gland regulatory elements from the WAP gene function across species boundaries and whether it is possible to qualitatively alter milk protein composition, we introduced the mouse WAP gene into the genome of swine. Three lines of transgenic swine were analyzed, and mouse WAP was detected in milk from all lactating females at concentrations of about 1 g/liter; these levels are similar to those found in mouse milk. Expression of the corresponding RNA was specific to the mammary gland. Our results suggest that the molecular basis of mammary-specific gene expression is conserved between swine and mouse. In addition the WAP gene must share, with other milk protein genes, elements that target gene expression to the mammary gland. Mouse WAP accounted for about 3% of the total milk proteins in transgenic pigs, thus demonstrating that it is possible to produce high levels of a foreign protein in milk of farm animals. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,REPROD LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NIDDKD,BIOCHEM & METAB LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 36 TC 121 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 88 IS 5 BP 1696 EP 1700 DI 10.1073/pnas.88.5.1696 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA FA140 UT WOS:A1991FA14000022 PM 1705703 ER PT J AU MORKEBERG, JC SHENG, HP HUGGINS, RA AF MORKEBERG, JC SHENG, HP HUGGINS, RA TI A COMPARISON OF CHLORIDE, BROMIDE, AND SUCROSE DILUTION VOLUMES IN NEONATAL PIGS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION; SODIUM; KINETICS; INFANTS; CALCIUM; LIFE AB Use of Cl-36, Br-82, and [H-3]sucrose to estimate extracellular water volume was evaluated in 14 piglets (7-14 days old). Cl-36 and Br-82 were distributed in approximately the same volume, but a period of 5-6 hr after injection was required to reach equilibrium in the neonatal pig. Dilution volumes calculated before equilibration (2-5 hr) for Cl-36 (326 +/- 11 ml/kg) and Br-82 (328 +/- 13 ml/kg) were different from equilibration (6-8 hr) phase volumes (356 +/- 13 ml/kg and 355 +/- 13 ml/kg, respectively; P < 0.001). A 3-hr sample estimated the same volume distribution calculated by extrapolation of the 6- to 8-hr period because of the relationship between the two slopes of the plasma clearance curves. After the Br-82 and Cl-36 had achieved equilibration, each was distributed in a volume equivalent to total body chloride space (362 +/- 29 ml/kg) measured by neutron activation; no statistical differences were found (P = 0.6). The early equilibration phase measured a 10% smaller, faster exchangeable fraction of total body Cl. Sucrose dilution volume (332 +/- 19 ml/kg) required multiple plasma samples for extrapolation and measured a dilution volume 7% smaller (P < 0.05) than total body chloride space. C1 BAYLOR UNIV,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR UNIV,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT MOLEC PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 196 IS 3 BP 344 EP 350 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA EZ686 UT WOS:A1991EZ68600016 PM 1998011 ER PT J AU OBERMEIER, SF BLEUER, NR MUNSON, CA MUNSON, PJ MARTIN, WS MCWILLIAMS, KM TABACZYNSKI, DA ODUM, JK RUBIN, M EGGERT, DL AF OBERMEIER, SF BLEUER, NR MUNSON, CA MUNSON, PJ MARTIN, WS MCWILLIAMS, KM TABACZYNSKI, DA ODUM, JK RUBIN, M EGGERT, DL TI EVIDENCE OF STRONG EARTHQUAKE SHAKING IN THE LOWER WABASH VALLEY FROM PREHISTORIC LIQUEFACTION FEATURES SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Earthquake-induced liquefaction features in Holocene sediments provide evidence of strong prehistoric shaking, magnitude m(b) 6.2 to 6.7, in the Wabash Valley bordering Indiana and Illinois. The source of the one or more earthquakes responsible was almost certainly in or near the Wabash Valley. The largest event is interpreted to have occurred between 7500 and 1500 years ago on the basis of archeological, pedological, and stratigraphic relations. C1 INDIANA GEOL SURVEY,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405. USDA,CARMI,IL 62821. USDA,JASPER,IN 47546. INDIANA UNIV,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405. RP OBERMEIER, SF (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092, USA. NR 10 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 1 PY 1991 VL 251 IS 4997 BP 1061 EP 1063 DI 10.1126/science.251.4997.1061 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EZ665 UT WOS:A1991EZ66500046 PM 17802091 ER PT J AU YOUNG, JA AF YOUNG, JA TI TUMBLEWEED SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article AB This enduring symbol of the American frontier was actually an import from southern Russia that exploited the ecology of the Great Plains, becoming a major agricultural pest in the late 19th century. RP YOUNG, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,LANDSCAPE ECOL RANGELANDS PROJECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 11 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 264 IS 3 BP 82 EP 87 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EY262 UT WOS:A1991EY26200013 ER PT J AU HOPPE, RA AF HOPPE, RA TI DEFINING AND MEASURING POVERTY IN THE NONMETROPOLITAN UNITED-STATES USING THE SURVEY OF INCOME AND PROGRAM PARTICIPATION SO SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP HOPPE, RA (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-8300 J9 SOC INDIC RES JI Soc. Indic. Res. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 24 IS 2 BP 123 EP 151 DI 10.1007/BF00300357 PG 29 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA EZ265 UT WOS:A1991EZ26500002 ER PT J AU PIKUL, JL AF PIKUL, JL TI ESTIMATING SOIL SURFACE-TEMPERATURE FROM METEOROLOGICAL DATA SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WATER-CONTENT; HEAT-FLUX; BARE; EVAPORATION; BALANCE; CROP AB Models that utilize meteorological data to calculate temperature near the ground surface are useful to implement historic weather records into current biological or soil model development. The objective of this research was to develop and validate a method for supplementing existing experimental data sets with surface temperature. A surface energy balance approach together with an empirical function relating surface resistance to soil wetness was used to predict surface temperature. Model inputs are relative humidity, net radiation, accumulated net radiation since the last rain, air temperature, and wind speed. Predicted surface temperatures at two sites were compared to soil temperature measured at 2.5 mm and surface temperature measured with an infrared thermometer. Predicted soil water evaporation during late summer was compared to measured soil water evaporation when the surface to 9-cm soil layer was dry (0.06 cm3/cm3) and wet (0.15 cm3/cm3). Standard deviations of the hourly differences between predicted and measured surface temperature were less than 2.5-degrees-C for both bare soil and residue cover treatments. Standard deviation of the difference between measured and predicted evaporation was 0.15 mm/day. This model gave a reasonably good estimate of ground surface temperature. Results also suggest that the model correctly partitions net radiation to sensible, soil, and latent heat flux. RP PIKUL, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,PACIFIC W AREA,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 151 IS 3 BP 187 EP 195 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FG269 UT WOS:A1991FG26900001 ER PT J AU ZHAO, HF LOW, PF BRADFORD, JM AF ZHAO, HF LOW, PF BRADFORD, JM TI EFFECTS OF PH AND ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATION ON PARTICLE INTERACTION IN 3 HOMOIONIC SODIUM SOIL CLAY SUSPENSIONS SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERLAYER DISTANCE; SWELLING PRESSURE; MONTMORILLONITE; SURFACE AB The relation between shear stress and shear rate was determined with a Fann viscometer at each of several values of clay concentration, NaCl concentration, and pH for suspensions of Na-saturated clay extracted from Cecil, Putnam, and Hoytville soils. The predominant clay minerals in these soils were kaolinite, montmorillonite, and illite, respectively. Then values of the extrapolated shear stress were obtained by extrapolating the linear portions of the respective shear curves. Theory and practice indicate that extrapolated shear stress is a criterion of particle-particle interaction; for the Cecil kaolinitic soil clay, these values decreased with increasing NaCl concentration at low pH values but increased with increasing NaCl concentration at high pH values. As a result, curves of extrapolated shear stress versus pH at different NaCl concentrations intersected at or near a common point. However, for the Putnam (smectitic) and Hoytville (illitic) soil clays, extrapolated shear stress increased with increasing NaCl concentration and decreased with increasing pH. Moreover, these curves of different NaCl concentrations tended to converge with increasing pH but did not intersect. The findings were interpreted to mean that the edges of the Cecil clay were amphoteric with an isoelectric point at the point of intersection of the curves whereas the edges of the Putnam and Hoytville clays were negatively charged with a charge density that increased with increasing pH. Consequently, the particle arrangement in the Cecil kaolinitic soil clay changed from edge-to-face at low pH values to edge-to-edge at high pH values, and the particle arrangement in the Putnam and Hoytville 2:1 soil clays was edge-to-edge at all pH values. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP ZHAO, HF (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 151 IS 3 BP 196 EP 207 DI 10.1097/00010694-199103000-00002 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FG269 UT WOS:A1991FG26900002 ER PT J AU BAKER, JM LASCANO, RJ AF BAKER, JM LASCANO, RJ TI THE SPATIAL SENSITIVITY OF TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY - RESPONSE SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP BAKER, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 151 IS 3 BP 256 EP 257 DI 10.1097/00010694-199103000-00009 PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FG269 UT WOS:A1991FG26900009 ER PT J AU SHARMA, PP GUPTA, SC RAWLS, WJ AF SHARMA, PP GUPTA, SC RAWLS, WJ TI SOIL DETACHMENT BY SINGLE RAINDROPS OF VARYING KINETIC-ENERGY SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-DROP IMPACT; EROSION; MODEL; STRENGTH AB Soil detachment by raindrop impact initiates surface seal formation and interrill erosion processes. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of soil strength on soil detachability (K(d)) and threshold kinetic energy (KE(o)) parameters of the single-drop detachment model D = K(d)[KE - KE(o)], where D is soil detachment from raindrop impact and KE is raindrop kinetic energy. Soil detachment by single raindrops with varying kinetic energy was measured on samples taken from Ap horizons of seven soils ranging in texture from loamy sand to clay. Different soil-strength conditions were simulated by varying bulk density and soil matric potential. Soil strength was characterized by fall-cone measurements. Both K(d) and threshold kinetic energy needed to initiate soil detachment, KE(o), depended on soil strength and clay content. In sandy and loam soils with low strength conditions, KE(o) was about 0.1 mJ; with higher strength conditions, KE(o) varied from 0.2 to 0.3 mJ. For clay soils with different strength conditions, KE(o) ranged from about 0.2 to 0.6 mJ. The relationships of K(d) and KE(o) with soil strength for the seven soils were grouped into three broad textural groups of sands, loams, and clays. Within each group, the K(d) decreased and the KE(o) increased with increase in soil strength. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SHARMA, PP (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,LAND RECLAMAT RES CTR,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 26 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 55 IS 2 BP 301 EP 307 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FZ632 UT WOS:A1991FZ63200001 ER PT J AU AHUJA, LR WILLIAMS, RD AF AHUJA, LR WILLIAMS, RD TI SCALING WATER CHARACTERISTIC AND HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY BASED ON GREGSON-HECTOR-MCGOWAN APPROACH SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SOIL; FIELD; INFILTRATION AB Gregson, Hector, and McGowan reported recently that the two constants, a and b, of the Brooks and Corey type log-log model of the soil water characteristic, psi(theta), were highly correlated for a range of diverse soils. The linear relationships between a and b for individual soils were very close to one common relationship. This relationship provides a new method of scaling psi-(theta). We found also a strong a vs. b relationship in experimental psi-(theta - theta-r) data for 10 different soils, where theta-r, the residual water content, was equal to zero or constant within a given soil. These individual relationships were close to each other and to the common relationship for Gregson et al. soils. However, their classification into three textural groups seemed more desirable. Relative efficiency of scaling psi-(theta - theta-r) for different locations within individual soils ranged from 39 to 83%. These efficiencies were generally greater than the efficiencies calculated by the extended similar-media scaling using one measured value for each psi-(theta) curve. We also extend our investigation to unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, K(psi), data for six soils. Here, too, we found a strong relationship between the two constants, A and B, of the log-log equations for K(psi). Furthermore, the individual A vs. B relationships for all soils merged into one unique relationship. This common relationship was used to scale combined K(psi) data for all soils, with a relative efficiency of 94%. Finally, we demonstrate the application of the A vs. B relationship for estimating K(psi) from infiltration data. RP AHUJA, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER QUAL & WATERSHED RES LAB,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 55 IS 2 BP 308 EP 319 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FZ632 UT WOS:A1991FZ63200002 ER PT J AU NEARING, MA BRADFORD, JM PARKER, SC AF NEARING, MA BRADFORD, JM PARKER, SC TI SOIL DETACHMENT BY SHALLOW FLOW AT LOW SLOPES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPLASH DETACHMENT; EROSION MODEL; CONSOLIDATION; DEPOSITION; STRENGTH AB Detachment of soil particles by shallow surface flow is influenced by soil cohesion, soil aggregate properties, and hydraulic flow characteristics. This study was conducted to evaluate relationships between soil detachment rates, soil aggregate size, soil tensile strength, flow shear stress, and flow stream power. Detachment rates were measured in a hydraulic flume on three aggregate size classes of two soils. Tensile strength and wet aggregate stability were measured to characterize each aggregate class. Flow depths ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 cm and slopes ranged from 0.5 to 2%. Detachment rates increased with both increasing flow depth and increasing bed slope. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that the logarithm of detachment rate vs. flow depth, slope, and either mean weight diameter or tensile strength were good models (R2 = 0.94 and 0.91, respectively) for predicting detachment rates. Detachment rate for a given soil material was not a function of either shear stress or streampower of the flow. The largest size class of aggregates were detached at a faster rate than the smaller two aggregate size classes. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP NEARING, MA (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGR ENGN,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 25 TC 87 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 55 IS 2 BP 339 EP 344 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FZ632 UT WOS:A1991FZ63200006 ER PT J AU CAMEL, SB REYESSOLIS, MG FERRERACERRATO, R FRANSON, RL BROWN, MS BETHLENFALVAY, GJ AF CAMEL, SB REYESSOLIS, MG FERRERACERRATO, R FRANSON, RL BROWN, MS BETHLENFALVAY, GJ TI GROWTH OF VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL MYCELIUM THROUGH BULK SOIL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DISTURBANCE-INDUCED REDUCTION; NUTRIENT ABSORPTION; GLOMUS-FASCICULATUM; FUNGI; SPREAD; MAIZE; COLONIZATION; PHOSPHORUS; MOSSEAE; LENGTH AB Soil mycelia of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi not only extend the range of plant roots for nutrient uptake but also may connect roots, allowing the transfer of small amounts of nutrients between plants. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the range and the rate of advance of VAM hyphae in root-free bulk soil. Plants were grown in three-part containers with a VAM donor plant (soybean, Glycine max [L.] Merr.) and an initially non-VAM receiver plant (corn, Zea mays L.), separated by a soil bridge delimited on both sides by screens (44-mu-m openings). The screens permitted passage of the hyphae of the VAM fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe between the donor and the receiver plants, but retained the roots. The length of the soil bridge (3, 6, or 9 cm) and the texture of the soil (1:2, 1:1, or 2:1 soil/sand) were varied. The advance of the hyphal front was estimated by timing colonization in the receiver plants. The rate of advance in the soil-sand mixes was 2.3 cm/wk with soil penetration of at least 90 mm. Spore production was inhibited in the heavier soils, and decreased in the soil of receiver plants with increasing distance between donor and receiver plant. Growth of the receiver plants was increased by early VAM development. Rates of hyphal growth may influence competitive relationships in plant groupings where mycorrhizal inoculum is sparse. C1 USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, BERKELEY, CA 94710 USA. COLEGIO POSTGRAD, MONTECILLO 56230, MEXICO. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 55 IS 2 BP 389 EP 393 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FZ632 UT WOS:A1991FZ63200016 ER PT J AU NETTLETON, WD BRASHER, BR BORST, G AF NETTLETON, WD BRASHER, BR BORST, G TI THE TAXADJUNCT PROBLEM SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB Quantitative definitions of taxa and inclusion of the soil series as a category in soil taxonomy cause about three-fourths of the series-named pedons sampled, analyzed, and correlated in the USA to be taxadjuncts to the named series. Imposing the limits of soil taxonomy that circumscribe soils from without frequently divides natural soil bodies, i.e., collections of recurring contiguous pedons that are more similar to each other than they are to adjacent soils. We used the pedon data for six soil series to explore causes and alternatives to placement of pedons as taxadjuncts. Eight to 11 pedons per series were identified in the field, and sampled. Of the total of 56 pedons, 59% were taxadjuncts. We tried the two common approaches to handling these: (i) ignore misses that are just outside the limits of taxonomic criteria, or (ii) attribute near misses to errors in precision, which assumes that the error is not normally distributed. Neither approach is valid nor eliminates all of the taxadjuncts. We considered (i) dropping the series as a taxonomic category, (ii) adopting the cartographic series proposed by Knox, or (iii) classifying the central concept of the series but allowing characteristics to range across the limits between two families, or between two classes of any higher category. We propose option iii because, if accepted, (i) natural soil bodies would not be subdivided by artificial boundaries, (ii) soil taxonomy would be retained to facilitate technology transfer, (iii) the USDA-SCS prohibition against publishing data for taxadjuncts in soil survey reports would be nulified, and (iv) the exchange of information about the use and management of series would be facilitated. RP NETTLETON, WD (reprint author), USDA,SCS,NATL SOIL SURVEY LAB,FED BLDG,ROOM 345,100 CENTENNIAL MALL N,LINCOLN,NE 68508, USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 55 IS 2 BP 421 EP 427 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FZ632 UT WOS:A1991FZ63200022 ER PT J AU CHICHESTER, FW HAUSER, VL AF CHICHESTER, FW HAUSER, VL TI CHANGE IN CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES OF CONSTRUCTED MINESOILS DEVELOPING UNDER FORAGE GRASS MANAGEMENT SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EAST-CENTRAL TEXAS; MINE SOIL MATERIALS; LIGNITE OVERBURDEN; GENESIS; REVEGETATION; FERTILIZER; TOPSOIL; REQUIREMENTS; RECLAMATION; THICKNESS AB There is a need to better understand the effects of selection, placement, and management of coal-overburden materials on subsequent development and agricultural productivity of constructed minesoils. This field study sought to determine chemical changes that occurred in several minesoils during the early stages of soil formation and to evaluate these changes relative to the continued suitability of the soils for cropping. Four constructed minesoil profiles were compared with an undisturbed Axtell fine sandy loam (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Udertic Paleustalf). The minesoil profile configurations included a 1.8-m depth of low-pyrite dragline spoil, and 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 m of mixed Axtell soil placed over 1.5, 1.2, and 0.6 m of spoil, respectively. Kleingrass (Panicum coloratum L.) was established on each soil and harvested periodically. Soil materials were sampled for chemical analysis at construction in 1980 and again in 1986. Changes in profile chemistry of the undisturbed Axtell soil were attributed mainly to increased management. Changes in the minesoils were also strongly influenced by weathering processes. Incorporation of fertilized crop residues increased total C, N, and P and extractable N and P, particularly in the near-surface layers of all profiles. Both fossil C and pH decreased in the minespoil. Electrical conductivity increased with depth as salts leached from the surface soil. Differences in minesoil configuration caused differences in the magnitude and direction of chemical change during the 6-yr study period. While there were year-to-year differences in total forage yield due to variation in water stress, negative effects of chemical properties on crop growth were not generally evident. Crop production was, in fact, greater for the last harvest than for any preceding harvest since stand establishment. RP CHICHESTER, FW (reprint author), USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 55 IS 2 BP 451 EP 459 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FZ632 UT WOS:A1991FZ63200026 ER PT J AU WEST, LT MILLER, WP LANGDALE, GW BRUCE, RR LAFLEN, JM THOMAS, AW AF WEST, LT MILLER, WP LANGDALE, GW BRUCE, RR LAFLEN, JM THOMAS, AW TI CROPPING SYSTEM EFFECTS ON INTERRILL SOIL LOSS IN THE GEORGIA PIEDMONT SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TILLAGE SYSTEMS; EROSION; YIELD; PROBABILITIES; CONSOLIDATION; ERODIBILITY AB Differential soil development and erosion in the southern Piedmont have resulted in surface horizons with variable thickness. Tillage has degraded these surface horizons and has mixed varying proportions of clayey B horizon into the plow layer, leaving soil surfaces with differing properties within the same or similar soil series. To test the effectiveness of three cropping systems in reducing interrill soil loss from these landscapes, simulated rainfall was applied to three sites of Typic Kanhapludults with differing surface horizon thickness and clay content. Each site contained plots that had been managed under conventional-tilled monocrop soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), conventional-tilled monocrop grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), and no-till double-cropped crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and grain sorghum for 5 yr. Before tillage of the sites (consolidated state) and with residue from the previous years crop left on the surface, interrill soil loss from the no-till grain sorghum was only 12% of that from conventionally tilled soybean. Soil loss from conventionally tilled grain sorghum was 63% less than from conventionally tilled soybean. When residue was removed from the consolidated surface, soil loss from all treatments increased, and no difference in soil loss was found between the two conventionally tilled cropping systems. The no-till treatment, however, had 70% less soil loss than the conventionally tilled systems. The reduction in soil loss under no-till with residue removed from the surface was attributed to a mean increase in organic C from 10 to 23 g kg-1 and a mean increase of water-stable aggregates from 51 to 87% in the 0- to 0.015-m layer that were induced by no-tillage. After tillage of the conventional-tilled plots, interrill soil loss increased by about 45%, compared with the consolidated soils. This increase in soil loss is attributed to increased detachability of the soil after tillage. With residue removed, the three sites had similar amounts of runoff and soil loss. These results indicate that modification of surface soil properties by no-till cropping systems is an important factor influencing runoff and interrill-soil-loss reductions observed with no-tillage. C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP WEST, LT (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 55 IS 2 BP 460 EP 466 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FZ632 UT WOS:A1991FZ63200027 ER PT J AU KOSKINEN, WC JARVIS, LJ DOWDY, RH WYSE, DL BUHLER, DD AF KOSKINEN, WC JARVIS, LJ DOWDY, RH WYSE, DL BUHLER, DD TI AUTOMATION OF ATRAZINE AND ALACHLOR EXTRACTION FROM SOIL USING A LABORATORY ROBOTIC SYSTEM SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB In order to analyze our ever-increasing number of samples, we developed an automated multistep procedure for the extraction of atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-[1-methyl ethyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and alachlor (2-chloro-N-[2,6-diethylphenyl]-N-[methoxymethyl] acetamide) from soil using a commercially available laboratory robotic system. The robotic system shakes the soil-extraction solvent mixture, separates solvent from soil, evaporates methanol from the solvent, performs a liquid-solid extraction on the remaining herbicide-water solution, transfers the eluate containing the herbicides and internal standard to a gas chromatograph (GC) vial, and caps the vial. Serial robotic processing of samples, compared with manual batch processing, increased sample throughout by a factor of three and decreased labor by 50%. Efficiency and precision of extraction of atrazine and alachlor increased to 89 +/- 2% (robotic) from 79 +/- 17% (manual). At present, the soil weight of 10 g results in a minimum detectable amount of 10-mu-g herbicide kg-1 soil. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP KOSKINEN, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 4 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 55 IS 2 BP 561 EP 562 PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FZ632 UT WOS:A1991FZ63200047 ER PT J AU BOWMAN, RA GUENZI, WD SAVORY, DJ AF BOWMAN, RA GUENZI, WD SAVORY, DJ TI SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB The amount of soil organic carbon (OC) is a good indicator of a soil's productivity potential. Thus, OC analyses are routinely used to evaluate the soil's potential to supply N during a cropping season, or to assess the potential adsorption of a herbicide. Two methods are currently used to determine OC in soil. Both have some limitations for use in processing large numbers of samples for routine analyses. The dry combustion procedure requires expensive instrumentation, while the wet digestion procedure is rather lengthy and the disposal of Cr can be a problem. This study describes a new method for a relatively inexpensive, accurate, and rapid determination of OC in soil. Finely ground soil samples are equilibrated with an extracting solution of 0.25 M KOH and 0.05 M Na2-EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) for 2 h at 85-degrees-C. After cooling, absorbance of the extract was measured at 260 nm. An empirical equation is used to obtain an indirect estimate of soil OC. The empirical equation was developed from comparative analysis between the dry combustion and the proposed spectrophotometric method (r2 = 0.89) by using a series of soils of different genesis and development. The method was further evaluated by analysis of samples from two soil profiles not used in the development of the equation, and the results were in close agreement with those obtained from dry combustion. C1 USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP BOWMAN, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 55 IS 2 BP 563 EP 566 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FZ632 UT WOS:A1991FZ63200048 ER PT J AU UNGER, PW CASSEL, DK AF UNGER, PW CASSEL, DK TI TILLAGE IMPLEMENT DISTURBANCE EFFECTS ON SOIL PROPERTIES RELATED TO SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION - A LITERATURE-REVIEW SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID NORFOLK LOAMY SAND; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; RANDOM ROUGHNESS; WHEAT AB The effects of tillage implement disturbance on the physical properties of soil have been widely studied. However, because soil properties resulting from the use of a given implement vary due to implement factors (depth and speed of tillage) and soil factors (water content, texture, residue cover, etc.), soil properties for a given operation are difficult to visualize, let alone predict. This report summarizes the ranges of selected soil property responses observed in previous tillage studies and identifies factors that must be considered in developing useful models to predict the effects of tillage on soil properties that are related to soil and water conservation. Considered are soil mechanical properties (surface micro-relief, aggregate size distribution and bulk density) and hydraulic properties and processes (water retention, saturated conductivity, infiltration and evaporation). For future literature reports on tillage to be useful for developing comprehensive relationships between tillage and soil properties, the reports should include information on: soil classification, texture, water content (or time of precipitation), bulk density, mechanical impedance and organic matter concentration; tillage method, depth and speed of operation; previous crop, including availability of crop resisidues; and previous soil management history (compacted soil, irrigated or dryland, etc.). C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27650. RP UNGER, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 50 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 19 IS 4 BP 363 EP 382 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(91)90113-C PG 20 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FG065 UT WOS:A1991FG06500001 ER PT J AU TERRANOVA, AC JONES, RG BARTLETT, AC AF TERRANOVA, AC JONES, RG BARTLETT, AC TI AN ALLOZYME STUDY OF THE LABORATORY BOLL-WEEVIL AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SOME SOUTHEASTERN POPULATIONS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Based on several measures of genetic variability, a comparison of four laboratory-reared boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, colonies indicated that all of them were derived from the same parental stock. Further, the allozyme structure of Florence, South Carolina area weevils were shown to be influenced by field-released laboratory weevils. The origin of a small population of four weevils found in Bladen Country, North Carolina was traced to Brownsville, Texas, thus providing support to the reliability of electrophoretic studies on pest population origins. C1 USDA,FLORENCE,SC 29501. USDA,APHIS,BOLL WEEVIL METHODS STN,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FK935 UT WOS:A1991FK93500001 ER PT J AU SAMES, WJ WILSON, WT SMITH, JW PETERSEN, HD AF SAMES, WJ WILSON, WT SMITH, JW PETERSEN, HD TI EFFECTIVE DESTRUCTION OF HONEY-BEE COLONIES SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Methods for destroying unwanted honey bee, Apis mellifera L., swarms, feral colonies, and managed colonies were evaluated in terms of immobilization, flare-up and knockdown efficiency. Materials tested were resmethrin, diesel, ETOC (an experimental pyrethroid), a detergent and water solution, carbon dioxide and dry-chemical fire extinguishers, permethrin, pyrethrum and potassium nitrate. Overheating/suffocating a colony in a sealed plastic bag was also tested. The advantages and disadvantages for each method are discussed. The resmethrin, diesel, ETOC, detergent and water solution, permethrin and the potassium nitrate were effective in destroying colonies. C1 USDA ARS, HONEY BEE RES UNIT, WESLACO, TX 78596 USA. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST, USDA ARS, DEPT STAT, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. RP SAMES, WJ (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST, DEPT ENTOMOL, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 EI 2162-2647 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 16 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FK935 UT WOS:A1991FK93500003 ER PT J AU BUTLER, GD HENNEBERRY, TJ AF BUTLER, GD HENNEBERRY, TJ TI SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY CONTROL - EFFECT OF TOMATO CULTURES AND PLANT DERIVED OILS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BEMISIA-TABACI HOMOPTERA; COTTON; ALEYRODIDAE AB Large differences occurred in the numbers of sweetpotato whitefly (SPW), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), adults attracted to various commercial tomato, Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karsten var. Lycopersicum, cultivars. Highest numbers of SPW occurred on 'Roma', 'Columbia', 'Patio' and 'Better Boy' cultivars. Also, estimates of SPW immature populations developing on the tomato plants differed in relation to the magnitude of the adult populations. These results suggest inherent differences in attractiveness of various tomato types to SPW infestations that might be used in a SPW varietal resistance breeding program. Commercially available plant-derived oils reduced SPW adult and immature populations for 5 days following application. RP BUTLER, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 16 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FK935 UT WOS:A1991FK93500006 ER PT J AU SUMMERLIN, JW ROTH, JP FINCHER, GT AF SUMMERLIN, JW ROTH, JP FINCHER, GT TI PREDATION BY 2 SPECIES OF HISTERID BEETLES ON THE HORN FLY SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID COLEOPTERA AB The histerids, Phelister panamensis LeConte, and Phelister haemorrhous Marseul, were evaluated in the laboratory to determine their potential as biological control agents for immature stages of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.). Phelister panamensis was the better predator, causing significant reductions in horn fly progeny at predator:prey ratios of 1:100 horn fly eggs. Phelister haemorrhous caused significant horn fly population reductions when predator:prey ratios were 1:50 for all stage predation and 1:33.3 for larval-pupal predation. Both species were more efficient as egg predators. RP SUMMERLIN, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 16 IS 1 BP 45 EP 49 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FK935 UT WOS:A1991FK93500007 ER PT J AU BUTLER, GD HENNEBERRY, TJ AF BUTLER, GD HENNEBERRY, TJ TI EFFECT OF OIL SPRAYS ON SWEET-POTATO WHITEFLY AND PHYTOTOXICITY ON WATERMELONS, SQUASH AND CUCUMBERS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID INSECTICIDE AB Sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (SPW), control and plant leaf phytotoxic effects with plant-derived oils were evaluated on watermelon, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai var. Lanatus, squash, Curcurbita pepo L., and cucumber, Cucumis sativus L., cultivars. One or two applications of water solutions of 1 to 2% of the oils repelled or killed adults and immature SPW up to 7 days following application. Reduced numbers of immature forms occurred because of the combination of reduced numbers of adults and insecticidal activity of the oils. In most cases minimal or no plant leaf phytotoxicity was caused by applying 1 or 2% of the oils, but rates of 5% usually caused identifiable plant leaf phytotoxicity. RP BUTLER, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 16 IS 1 BP 63 EP 72 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FK935 UT WOS:A1991FK93500009 ER PT J AU HENNEBERRY, TJ VAIL, PV PEARSON, AC SEVACHERIAN, V AF HENNEBERRY, TJ VAIL, PV PEARSON, AC SEVACHERIAN, V TI BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS OF NOCTUID LARVAE (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) IN THE IMPERIAL-VALLEY OF CALIFORNIA SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID COTTON AB Parasitoids and nuclear polyhedrosis viruses were obtained and identified from larvae of Autographa californica (Speyer), Heliothis virescens (Fabricius), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), and Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) collected from alfalfa, cotton, lettuce, and sugarbeet in the Imperial Valley CA. Parasitoids reared from H. virescens and H. zea were comprised of five tachinid, two ichneumonid, and two braconid species with Lespesia archippivora (Riley) and Hyposoter exiguae (Viereck) dominant. Parasitoids reared from the looper species were comprised of five tachinid, three ichneumonid, three braconid, and one encyrtid species with Voria ruralis (Fallen), Microplitis brassicae Muesebeck, and Copidosoma truncatellum (Dalman) dominant. Parasitoids reared from S. exigua were comprised of four tachinid, three ichneumonid, and four braconid species with Lespesia archippivora (Riley), Pristomerus spinator (F.), Chelonus insularis Cresson, and Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) dominant. Nuclear polyhedrosis viruses were identified from all species. Baculoviruses identified in all species were either of the mNPV or sNPV types. C1 USDA ARS,HORT FIELD STN,FRESNO,CA 93727. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT ENTOMOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,SYST ENTOMOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HENNEBERRY, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 16 IS 1 BP 81 EP 89 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FK935 UT WOS:A1991FK93500011 ER PT J AU RINNE, JN AF RINNE, JN TI HABITAT USE BY SPIKEDACE, MEDA-FULGIDA (PISCES, CYPRINIDAE) IN SOUTHWESTERN STREAMS WITH REFERENCE TO PROBABLE HABITAT COMPETITION BY RED SHINER, NOTROPIS-LUTRENSIS (PISCES, CYPRINIDAE) SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Spikedace, Meda fulgida, used habitat in several southwestern desert streams in proportion to availability of habitat types. Velocity of water occupied by spikedace did not increase with increased stream size. Schools of > 10 spikedace frequented deeper (mean 27 cm) and slower-moving (< 25 cm/s) waters characterized by eddying currents and shear zones often associated with stream gradient adjustments. Comparison of habitat used by spikedace both with that described in the literature and that measured in one southwestern stream for the introduced red shiner, Notropis lutrensis, suggests habitat partitioning may occur when these two cyprinids co-occur in a stream. RP RINNE, JN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,ARIZONA STATE UNIV CAMPUS,TEMPE,AZ 85287, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 36 IS 1 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.2307/3672111 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FC249 UT WOS:A1991FC24900002 ER PT J AU DELWICHE, SR PITT, RE AF DELWICHE, SR PITT, RE TI EXAMINATION OF STARCH-WATER AND CELLULOSE-WATER INTERACTIONS WITH NEAR-INFRARED (NIR) DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article ID HELICAL MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PACKING ANALYSIS; POLYSACCHARIDES; POWDERS; AMYLOSE; WHEAT AB Starch-water and cellulose-water interactions were examined with NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Samples of native potato, wheat, and corn starches and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were equilibrated to water activities (a(W)) ranging from 0.11 to 0.94 a(W). A modified B.E.T. model was applied to the water vapor sorption isotherm (T = 25-degrees-C) data. NIR spectra (1000 to 2640 nm) revealed no abrupt changes in molecular structure. However, as has been suggested in the literature, there appear to be two species of non-freezable water whose relative quantities change as a(W) varies. It is hypothesized that the first species represents water within the monolayer, and the second species represents multilayer water. NIR spectra of starch suggests that some multilayer water is present before the monolayer is completed. Spectra of MCC corroborate the existence of two species of highly associated water. The isotherm model was highly successful in describing sorption behavior over the a(W) range examined. C1 CORNELL UNIV, DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. RP DELWICHE, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB, BLDG 303, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 EI 1521-379X J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD MAR PY 1991 VL 43 IS 3 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1002/star.19910430304 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA FL813 UT WOS:A1991FL81300003 ER PT J AU PETERSON, SW KURTZMAN, CP AF PETERSON, SW KURTZMAN, CP TI RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCE DIVERGENCE AMONG SIBLING SPECIES OF YEASTS SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PICHIA-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; ISSATCHENKIA-SCUTULATA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID REASSOCIATION; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; GENE; RELATEDNESS; COMPILATION; HANSENULA AB The genetic and implicit taxonomic resolution provided by ribosomal RNA sequence divergence was estimated from comparisons of sibling yeast species. Two regions of the large subunit (25S) rRNA and four regions of the small subunit (18S) rRNA comprising a total of 855 nucleotides were examined in all strains. Within these regions, no nucleotide differences were detected between strains of the same species. The sibling species pairs Pichia mississippiensis/P. amylophila, P. americana/P. bimundalis, and Issatchenkia scutulata and its variety exigua could be separated from each other by differences in a ca. 200-base region of the large subunit rRNA. Sequence differences within the sibling species complex composed of Saccharomyces bayanus, S. pastorianius (S. carlsbergensis), and S. cerevisiae were consistent with the prior proposal that S. pastorianus is a partial amphidiploid formed by a rare mating between the other two Saccharomyces species. From these data, the highly variable region identified in the 25S subunit rRNA appears suitable for rapid separation of nearly all species by oligonucleotide probe technology. RP PETERSON, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 30 TC 99 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 4 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0723-2020 J9 SYST APPL MICROBIOL JI Syst. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 14 IS 2 BP 124 EP 129 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FD287 UT WOS:A1991FD28700004 ER PT J AU LABEDA, DP LYONS, AJ AF LABEDA, DP LYONS, AJ TI DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID RELATEDNESS AMONG SPECIES OF THE STREPTOMYCES-CYANEUS CLUSTER SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE STREPTOMYCES; TAXONOMY; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS ID REASSOCIATION; CRITERIA AB The genetic diversity among strains in the phenetically defined "Streptomyces cyaneus" cluster was evaluated by DNA hybridization. The DNA relatedness data support the reduction of the blue-spored species S. bellus and S. curacoi to synonomy with S. coeruleorubidus, and the red-spored species S. afghaniensis, S. janthinus, S. roseoviolaceus, and S. violatus to synonomy with S. purpurascens. Most of the strains in this phenetic cluster exhibit DNA relatedness < 60%, but > 40% with the other strains in the cluster, providing genetic evidence in support of the species group or sibling species concept. S. cyaneus is one of the most genetically distant strains in the cluster, exhibiting only low, genus-background relatedness to the other strains. Emended descriptions of Streptomyces coeruleorubidus and Streptomyces purpurascens are given. RP LABEDA, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 21 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0723-2020 J9 SYST APPL MICROBIOL JI Syst. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 14 IS 2 BP 158 EP 164 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FD287 UT WOS:A1991FD28700010 ER PT J AU WEGNER, TH MYERS, GC LEATHAM, GF AF WEGNER, TH MYERS, GC LEATHAM, GF TI BIOLOGICAL TREATMENTS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO CHEMICAL PRETREATMENTS IN HIGH-YIELD WOOD PULPING SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BIOCHEMISTRY; CHEMICAL PULPING; MECHANICAL PULPING; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; SEMICHEMICAL PULPING; STRENGTH PROPERTIES; WHITE-ROT FUNGI ID WHITE-ROT FUNGI; PAPER-INDUSTRY; CHIPS; BIOTECHNOLOGY; STRENGTH; ENERGY AB Biological treatments may provide an alternative to chemical pretreatments in high-yield wood pulping. We present the results of using two white-rot fungi, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Phlebia tremellosa, in pretreating nutrient-supplemented aspen wood chips. Strength and optical properties of handsheets made from the pretreated wood pulp are compared to those properties of handsheets made from groundwood (SGW), refiner mechanical (RMP), thermomechanical (TMP), chemithermomechanical (CTMP), semichemical (NSSC), and kraft pulps. Strength properties of handsheets made from fungal-pretreated refiner mechanical pulps were higher than SGW, RMP, and TMP handsheet properties, about equivalent to CTMP handsheet properties, and lower than NSSC and kraft pulp handsheet properties. Sheet opacity of fungal-pretreated pulps was equivalent to that of SGW, RMP, and TMP pulps and higher than that of CTMP, NSSC, and kraft pulps. Scattering coefficient was higher than that of NSSC and kraft pulps and lower than that of SGW, RMP, TMP, and CTMP pulps. Overal, the fungal-pretreated pulps appeared quite similar to CTMP. The white-rot fungi hold promise as an alternative to chemical agents in pulping. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FOOD SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BOT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP WEGNER, TH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 74 IS 3 BP 189 EP 193 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA EZ807 UT WOS:A1991EZ80700023 ER PT J AU WELCH, CM AF WELCH, CM TI FORMALDEHYDE-FREE DURABLE PRESS FINISHING WITH BTCA IN THE PRESENCE OF POLAR NITROGENOUS ADDITIVES SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE BTCA; COTTON; CROSS-LINKING; DURABLE PRESS; FINISHING; FORMALDEHYDE; SODIUM HYPOPHOSPHITE; TEA; 1-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDINONE AB Small amounts of tertiary alkanolamines and N,N-disubstituted amides were added to formulations of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and sodium hypophosphite catalyst to serve as co-catalysts or accelerators for the crosslinking of cotton by pad-dry-cure application. Increased durable press (DP) performance and laundering durability were obtained without additional fabric strength loss. In some cases these increases were accompanied by moderate strength gains produced by the additive. Conditioned wrinkle recovery angles increased in some instances, remained constant in other cases, or even decreased, as DP ratings increased. Triethanolamine (TEA) was more effective than N-methyldiethanolamine in improving DP ratings. TEA is believed to increase the average length and degree of branching of the crosslinks by forming a 3-dimensional network with BTCA in the course of forming an amine-BTCA-cellulose terpolymer. The N,N-disubstituted amides may act as carriers to increase the rate and extent of diffusion of BTCA and hypophosphite into the cellulose. The amides decreased the concentration of BTCA and hypophosphite required to achieve high levels of DP performance. 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone was unusual in that it appeared to be bound to the finish. RP WELCH, CM (reprint author), USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 23 IS 3 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA FA802 UT WOS:A1991FA80200005 ER PT J AU VIGO, TL LAMB, GER KEPKA, S MILLER, B AF VIGO, TL LAMB, GER KEPKA, S MILLER, B TI ABRASION AND LINT LOSS PROPERTIES OF FABRICS CONTAINING CROSS-LINKED POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The attrition and wear characteristics of woven cotton and cotton/polyester blend fabrics were substantially improved (relative to untreated and conventional durable press control fabrics) when they contained crosslinked polyethylene glycols. Nonwoven cellulosic (pulp)/polyester fabrics (normally used in biomedical clean room environments) also generated substantially fewer particles when they contained the crosslinked polyols. Attrition and particle measurements using previously described techniques indicated that nonwoven fabrics derived from treatment with PEG-1,000 had fewer particles released at higher RH (75%) than at lower RH (25%). Conversely, nonwoven fabrics derived from treatment with PEG-1,450 had fewer particles released at lower RH (20%) than at higher RH (75%). Reduced attrition and lint loss/particle generation of modified woven and nonwoven fabrics make them candidates for use in a variety of clean room environments. C1 TRI PRINCETON,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. RP VIGO, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 61 IS 3 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1177/004051759106100307 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA FB741 UT WOS:A1991FB74100007 ER PT J AU ZEITOUN, MM YASSEN, AM HASSAN, AA FATHELBAB, AZ ECHTERNKAMP, SE WISE, TH MAURER, RR AF ZEITOUN, MM YASSEN, AM HASSAN, AA FATHELBAB, AZ ECHTERNKAMP, SE WISE, TH MAURER, RR TI SUPEROVULATION AND EMBRYO QUALITY IN BEEF-COWS USING PMSG AND A MONOCLONAL ANTI-PMSG SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SUPEROVULATION; PMSG; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; BEEF COWS ID SUPER-OVULATED CATTLE; BOVINE; PROGESTERONE; ANTISERUM; ESTROGEN; HORMONE; SERUM AB The long half-life of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) reduces its application in the superovulation of cattle; thus, a monoclonal antibody to PMSG (anti-PMSG) was administered at the onset of estrus to increase the number of transferable embryos. Angus, Hereford and Angus x Hereford cows (n = 149) 3 to 9 yr old were assigned randomly to one of three dosages of PMSG (1500, 3000 or 6000 IU) with or without an equivalent dosage of anti-PMSG. Embryos were collected nonsurgically on Day 8 (estrus = Day 0), and all cows were ovariectomized on Day 9. The percentage of cows exhibiting estrus and ovulating decreased (P < 0.05) with an increasing dosage of PMSG (82, 76 and 44% for 1500, 3000 and 6000 IU, respectively). Ovarian and total corpora lutea (CL) weight increased (P < 0.001) linearly as PMSG dosage increased, but were reduced (P < 0.001) curvilinearly by anti-PMSG, resulting in a PMSG by anti-PMSG interaction (P < 0.001); the interaction was also significant (P < 0.05) for ovulation rate (14.0 vs 14.3, 21.5 vs 24.4 and 29.2 vs 6.6 CL for 1500, 3000 and 6000 IU PMSG, without vs with anti-PMSG, respectively). Anti-PMSG increased (P < 0.001) the number of small ovarian follicles (1 to 3 mm diameter) and decreased (P < 0.001) the number of large follicles (> 10 mm) at ovariectomy; the number of large follicles increased (P < 0.001) with PMSG dosage. The number of total and transferable embryos recovered did not differ among PMSG and anti-PMSG dosages; however, the percentage of transferable embryos decreased (P < 0.01) with increasing PMSG dosage. In general, neither PMSG dosage nor anti-PMSG influenced embryo quality. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV ALEXANDRIA,DEPT ANIM PROD,ALEXANDRIA,EGYPT. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD MAR PY 1991 VL 35 IS 3 BP 653 EP 667 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(91)90461-L PG 15 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA EZ937 UT WOS:A1991EZ93700017 PM 16726934 ER PT J AU BOLIN, DC CARLTON, WW PETERSON, RE GROVE, MD AF BOLIN, DC CARLTON, WW PETERSON, RE GROVE, MD TI STUDIES OF THE TERATOGENICITY OF XANTHOMEGNIN AND VIRIDICATUMTOXIN IN ICR MICE SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE TERATOGENICITY; MYCOTOXINS; XANTHOMEGNIN; VIRIDICATUMTOXIN ID PENICILLIUM-VIRIDICATUM; VIOMELLEIN; MYCOTOXICOSIS; METABOLITES AB The myotoxins xanthomegnin and viridicatumtoxin were not teratogenic when administered orally to pregnant ICR mice during the 8-12th and 8-13th days of gestation, respectively. Viridicatumtoxin produced high mortality in mice given 200, 250 or 350 mg/kg of body weight. C1 PURDUE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 55 IS 3 BP 273 EP 277 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(91)90007-S PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA FB217 UT WOS:A1991FB21700005 PM 2003269 ER PT J AU CARTER, LM MEEK, BD RECHEL, EA AF CARTER, LM MEEK, BD RECHEL, EA TI ZONE PRODUCTION SYSTEM FOR COTTON - SOIL RESPONSE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE ZONE PRODUCTION; COTTON; SOIL COMPACTION ID CONTROLLED-TRAFFIC SYSTEM AB In a three-year study, the major advantage of a zone cotton production system with controlled traffic was determined to be reduction in tractor operations for field preparation and crop management without a reduction in yield. The study indicates that tillage is required under any surface where wheels are operated to return the soil to a low impedance for root exploration and to a conductive state for water infiltration. However, the soil managed with a zone system, with no traffic or tillage after initialization, was stable with lower soil impedance and higher water infiltration than soil in tilled and trafficked plots. Adoption of these findings will reduce unit production costs. RP CARTER, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SHAFTER,CA 93263, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 34 IS 2 BP 354 EP 366 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FR128 UT WOS:A1991FR12800001 ER PT J AU MURPHREE, CE MCGREGOR, KC AF MURPHREE, CE MCGREGOR, KC TI RUNOFF AND SEDIMENT YIELD FROM A FLATLAND WATERSHED IN SOYBEANS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE WATERSHED; FLATLANDS; MISSISSIPPI DELTA; RUNOFF; SEDIMENT YIELD; SOYBEANS AB Runoff and sediment yield data from soybeans on a flatland watershed in the Mississippi Delta support results of earlier studies using cotton which conclude that soil erosion is a serious problem in this region. Average annual sediment yield from a 15.6-ha Mississippi Delta watershed in conventional-till soybeans during a six-year (1979-1984) period was 11.1 t/ha. Cropland was graded to a furrow slope of 0.2% slope with rows in a north-south direction. Mean row length was 186 m. Conventional-till cotton had been grown on the watershed for many years preceding this study. Tillage during the cotton study was more intensive than that during the soybean study, and contributed to higher sediment yields during the cotton study. Sediment yield averaged 29 t/ha per year during a two-year period (1972-1973) under conventional-till cotton under high rainfall and 14 t/ha per year for the succeeding five-year period (1974-1978) under more normal rainfall. RP MURPHREE, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 34 IS 2 BP 407 EP 411 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FR128 UT WOS:A1991FR12800009 ER PT J AU WAGNER, LE YU, YM AF WAGNER, LE YU, YM TI DIGITIZATION OF PROFILE METER PHOTOGRAPHS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article ID SOIL; MICRORELIEFMETER; EROSION; WIND AB The Profile Meter Program (PMP) automates acquisition of soil surface, elevation data from pin meter photographs and reduces operator error.* This PC-based program uses simple image analysis techniques to determine pin tip locations from pin meter photos scanned with a digitizing scanner. The PMP simplifies digitization, reduces by up to one-fourth the time required to obtain elevation data from a pin meter photo, and eliminates many operator-induced errors prevalent in hand digitizing techniques. This program is cost effective when compared to other automated or semi-automated methods of obtaining surface elevation data. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP WAGNER, LE (reprint author), USDA ARS,WIND EROS RES UNIT,MANHATTAN,KS, USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 34 IS 2 BP 412 EP 416 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FR128 UT WOS:A1991FR12800010 ER PT J AU OVERMAN, AR WILKINSON, SR AF OVERMAN, AR WILKINSON, SR TI A MODEL OF VERTICAL AND SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS; HARVESTING; FORAGE PRODUCTION; MODELING ID PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODEL; EMPIRICAL-MODEL; GRAZING CATTLE AB The objective of this work was to develop a model of the vertical distribution of Coastal bermudagrass at the time of harvest and to relate the distribution to dry matter production over the season. The vertical distribution of Coastal bermudagrass dry matter was shown to follow a gaussian distribution. The model contained two parameters, viz mass density at ground level (RHO-O), and characteristic height (Z'). Both of these followed a gaussian distribution over the season. Since harvest yield (DELTA-y) was estimated from the product of RHO-O and Z', it followed that DELTA-y exhibited a gaussian distribution over the season, which agreed with earlier analyses by the authors. These results are relevant to agricultural production and environmental quality, and incorporate management factors (applied N, harvest interval, and water availability) into the estimation procedures. Estimates of removal of applied N by crops require an estimate of dry matter production, which in turn varies over the growing season. The present model relates production to plant characteristics (base density and characteristic height). C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA. RP OVERMAN, AR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGR ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 34 IS 2 BP 423 EP 428 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FR128 UT WOS:A1991FR12800012 ER PT J AU HACKWELL, SG ROCHESTER, EW YOO, KH BURT, EC MONROE, GE AF HACKWELL, SG ROCHESTER, EW YOO, KH BURT, EC MONROE, GE TI IMPACT OF RESERVOIR TILLAGE ON WATER-INTAKE AND SOIL-EROSION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TILLAGE; RESERVOIR; RUNOFF; SOIL COMPACTION; LEPA ID IRRIGATION AB The effect of reservoir tillage on water intake and soil erosion was studied under two levels of soil compaction. Plots were instrumented to measure soil erosion and surface runoff. A Low Energy Precision Application (LEPA) irrigation system was used to apply water to the plots. Four irrigation tests were conducted late in the growing season. Runoff from the reservoir tillage treatments was lower than from the non-reservoir tillage treatments. This was particularly evident in the high soil compaction treatments. In low compaction treatments, the difference in runoff amount between reservoir tillage and non-reservoir tillage was small. The depth of water which infiltrated exceeded 97% of the depth of water applied in low compaction plots, and varied between 50% and 90% of the depth of water applied in the high compaction plots. Infiltration rates measured by double-ring infiltrometer were higher in treatments with reservoir tillage than without reservoir tillage. Low compaction treatments had higher infiltration rates than high compaction treatments. C1 AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL. RP HACKWELL, SG (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 34 IS 2 BP 436 EP 442 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FR128 UT WOS:A1991FR12800014 ER PT J AU SABBAGH, GJ BENGTSON, RL FOUSS, JL AF SABBAGH, GJ BENGTSON, RL FOUSS, JL TI MODIFICATION OF EPIC TO INCORPORATE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE DRAINAGE; EROSION; MODELING; SOIL PRODUCTIVITY; WATER-TABLE ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE AB EPIC-WT is a modified version of the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC). It is capable of determining the relationship between soil erosion and soil productivity, simulating the daily watertable fluctuations, and predicting the effect of subsurface drainage systems on the water budget components for shallow watertable soils. Validation of the performance of EPIC-WT in simulating surface and subsurface drained flows, daily watertable fluctuations, sediment loss, and crop yield was conducted over seven years (1981-1987) on a clay loam soil near Baton Rouge, LA. Satisfactory results were obtained. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES,BATON ROUGE,LA. RP SABBAGH, GJ (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT MAT,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 34 IS 2 BP 467 EP 472 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FR128 UT WOS:A1991FR12800018 ER PT J AU NELSON, SO LAWRENCE, KC KANDALA, CVK AF NELSON, SO LAWRENCE, KC KANDALA, CVK TI PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF RF IMPEDANCE AND DC CONDUCTANCE MEASUREMENTS FOR SINGLE-KERNEL MOISTURE DETERMINATION IN CORN SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CORN; MOISTURE CONTENT AB Two electrical measurement techniques for rapidly determining the moisture content of individual kernels of corn, Zea mays L., were compared directly with an oven drying reference method. One was a dc conductance measurement on kernels as they passed between crushing-roller electrodes. The other involved a radio-frequency (RF) complex impedance measurement on a parallel-plate capacitor with the kernel between the plates. Twenty-kernel samples from bands around the corn ear, near the butt, midsection, and tip, were measured from ears of several moisture levels ranging between 12 and 40%, wet basis, for four yellow-dent field corn hybrids that dried naturally in the fields in Illinois and Nebraska. Both techniques provided reliable kernel moisture contents, independent of kernel size, with standard errors of performance of 0.6 and 0.7% moisture content for the crushing-roller conductance and parallel-plate impedance methods, respectively, and can therefore be recommended for practical application. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGR ENGN,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP NELSON, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 34 IS 2 BP 507 EP 512 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FR128 UT WOS:A1991FR12800024 ER PT J AU NELSON, SO LAWRENCE, KC AF NELSON, SO LAWRENCE, KC TI KERNEL MOISTURE VARIATION ON THE EAR IN YELLOW-DENT FIELD CORN SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CORN; MOISTURE CONTENT; GRAIN DRYING AB Kernel moisture variation with location on the ear in hybrid, yellow-dent field corn, Zea mays L., was measured by individual kernel oven moisture content determination as ears dried during the harvest season. Differences in kernel moisture content (m.c.) at three locations on the ear, i.e., near the butt end, at the mid-section, and near the tip, were highly significant, with m.c. highest at the butt and decreasing toward the tip. Butt-to-tip kernel m.c. differences were small at high moisture levels (35 to 40% m.c., wet basis), but reached a maximum, which averaged about 6% m.c., at 24% m.c. for the ear. As the ears dried to safe storage moisture levels, the butt-to-tip m.c. differences diminished to about 2% m.c. No significant differences were noted between hybrids with respect to variation of kernel m.c. with location on the ear. Quadratic prediction equations were developed for the butt, middle, and tip kernel m.c. as functions of bulk-sample m.c. for the whole ear. The kernel m.c. at the middle of the ear gave the best estimate of the bulk-sample m.c. for the ear. RP NELSON, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 34 IS 2 BP 513 EP 516 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FR128 UT WOS:A1991FR12800025 ER PT J AU CHURCHILL, DB BILSLAND, DM COOPER, TM AF CHURCHILL, DB BILSLAND, DM COOPER, TM TI CONDITIONING SEQUENCE FOR VERNONIA-GALAMENSIS SEED SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE VERNONIA; CONDITIONING SEQUENCE ID ACID; OIL AB A conditioning sequence for Vernonia galamensis seed is described. A brushtype debearder and an air-screen machine were tested. Two modes of debearder operation are described along with the operating parameters of the air-screen machine. Initial and final purity level, seed loss and change in germination as a result of conditioning are given. The seed fractions from all machine conditioned lots averaged 98.6% pure seed with a 91.3% germination level. A minimum rate for conditioning vernonia seed was established. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP CHURCHILL, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NFSPRC,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 34 IS 2 BP 523 EP 527 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FR128 UT WOS:A1991FR12800027 ER PT J AU GILLUM, MN ARMIJO, CB AF GILLUM, MN ARMIJO, CB TI COMPUTER-AIDED ROLLER GINNING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE COTTON; ROLLER GINNING; COMPUTERS AB A microcomputer-based control system was installed on a rotary-knife roller-gin stand equipped with an experimental roller cooler. The control system was tested at two roller-surface velocities (2.35 and 4.02 m/s), two rotary-knife-power setpoints (1.12 and 1.76 kW), and with or without the roller cooler. The control provided satisfactory automatic feed-rate control and gin-stand supervision. Comparing the typical treatment (roller-surface velocity = 2.35 m/s, rotary-knife-power setpoint = 1.12 kW, and no roller cooler) to the higher-velocity treatment with roller cooling (roller-surface velocity = 4.02 m/s, rotary-knife-power setpoint = 1.12 kW, and roller cooler), the ginning rate increased from 202 to 340 kg/m/h while only increasing the roller-surface temperature from 51 to 59-degrees-C. C1 SUPIMA ASSOC AMER,PHOENIX,AZ. RP GILLUM, MN (reprint author), USDA ARS,SPA,SW COTTON GINNING RES LAB,MESILLA PK,NM 88047, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 34 IS 2 BP 529 EP 533 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FR128 UT WOS:A1991FR12800028 ER PT J AU MCDONALD, TP NIENABER, JA CHEN, YR AF MCDONALD, TP NIENABER, JA CHEN, YR TI MODELING EATING BEHAVIOR OF GROWING-FINISHING SWINE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SWINE; FEED INTAKE; EATING BEHAVIOR; MODELING; MARKOV CHAIN ID PATTERNS; PIGS AB A model was developed to predict the dynamic eating behavior of swine. The model employed a Markov chain to describe the sequence of eating and not eating behavioral events. Theoretical implications of assuming the Markov model on specific eating characteristics were developed, and these results were compared to data obtained from observation of three growing-finishing swine. Results showed that the model could predict the eating behavior of growing-finishing swine in an average sense, but could not accurately reproduce the distribution of meal lengths. This was due to the preference of the animals for meals lasting a specific length of time, a result the model could not account for. RP MCDONALD, TP (reprint author), USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,BIOL ENGN UNIT,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 34 IS 2 BP 591 EP 596 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FR128 UT WOS:A1991FR12800037 ER PT J AU JONES, JW DAYAN, E ALLEN, LH VANKEULEN, H CHALLA, H AF JONES, JW DAYAN, E ALLEN, LH VANKEULEN, H CHALLA, H TI A DYNAMIC TOMATO GROWTH AND YIELD MODEL (TOMGRO) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE ENVIRONMENT CONTROL; GREENHOUSES; MODELING AB Models of the greenhouse environment and of crops are needed to determine optimal strategies for environment control in regions where new greenhouse industries are developing. In this research, a physiological model of tomato crop development and yield was developed. A series of differential equations represent the changes in numbers and weights of leaves, fruit, and stem segments and in the areas of leaves, as new organs are initiated, age, and senesce or are picked. The model uses a source-sink approach for partitioning carbohydrate into growth of different organs. An experiment was conducted in six outdoor, controlled environment, growth chambers to quantify the effects of temperature, CO2, and light on tomato growth processes for calibrating the model. The model accurately described the differences in growth and yield of tomatoes that were observed in the experiment. With additional testing, the model can be used to help determine strategic and tactical decisions concerning greenhouse environment control over practical ranges of CO2 and temperature. C1 USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT HORT,6700 HB WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. ARO,BESOR RES STN,HANEGEV,ISRAEL. CTR AGROBIOL RES,DEPT AGROSYST RES,WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. RP JONES, JW (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGR ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 13 TC 115 Z9 131 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 34 IS 2 BP 663 EP 672 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FR128 UT WOS:A1991FR12800048 ER PT J AU FRANZ, E GEBHARDT, MR UNKLESBAY, KB AF FRANZ, E GEBHARDT, MR UNKLESBAY, KB TI SHAPE-DESCRIPTION OF COMPLETELY VISIBLE AND PARTIALLY OCCLUDED LEAVES FOR IDENTIFYING PLANTS IN DIGITAL IMAGES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MACHINE VISION; PEST CONTROL ID COMPUTER VISION; ALGORITHM AB A common source of information used to identify plants is leaf shape. Methods were developed and implemented to identify in situ leaves of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), ivyleaf morning glory (Ipomoae hederacea), giant foxtail (Setaria faberi), and soybean (Glycine max) seedlings at the growth stages of (1) fully expanded cotyledons, and (2) fully developed, first true leaves. Curvature was used to describe boundaries of both completely visible and partially occluded leaves. Completely visible leaves were identified by aligning the curvature function of each leaf with that of each of the models. Functions were aligned to minimize local differences in curvature. A Fourier-Mellin correlation was used to calculate scale factors for resampling curvature functions of partially occluded leaves. Partially occluded leaves were identified by aligning the resampled curvatures with each of the models. Leaves which were oriented at oblique angles with respect to the image plane were identified by aligning the curvature function with that generated from rotated model leaves. The general shape-matching procedure was not significantly affected by differences in scale or orientation between models and unknowns. However, it was an inadequate descriptor of leaves with variable leaf serrations. Aggregate boundaries of multiple leaves could not be adequately identified by this technique. Rather, these regions required prior partitioning. Homogeneous transformations of two-dimensional model leaves were partially successful in identifying leaves oriented at angles greater than 30-degrees. C1 AGR MANAGEMENT SERV,PUNTA GORDA,FL. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. RP FRANZ, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,PEST MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. RI Rohlf, F/A-8710-2008 NR 15 TC 42 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 34 IS 2 BP 673 EP 681 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FR128 UT WOS:A1991FR12800049 ER PT J AU FRANZ, E GEBHARDT, MR UNKLESBAY, KB AF FRANZ, E GEBHARDT, MR UNKLESBAY, KB TI THE USE OF LOCAL SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF LEAVES AS AN AID FOR IDENTIFYING WEED SEEDLINGS IN DIGITAL IMAGES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE PEST CONTROL; MACHINE VISION ID REFLECTANCE; LIGHT AB An intelligent, plant identification scheme will require multiple types of information to be extracted from digitized scenes. Statistical measures were calculated for reflectance of in situ leaf surfaces in the near-infrared, red, and blue wavebands. Reflectance was quantified by image intensity within a leaf region near the leaf periphery. Mean, variance, and skewness were selected as significant statistical measures. The intensity statistics depended on NIR reflectance, spatial density of veins, and visibility of specular reflections. Three out of forty-eight observations were misclassified when leaf orientation was not a factor. The error rate increased to 16 out of 66 when leaf orientation was a factor. The results indicate that in order to discriminate among individual leaves, the training set must account for leaf orientation with respect to the illumination source. C1 AGR MANAGEMENT SERV,PUNTA GORDA,FL. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. RP FRANZ, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,PEST MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 11 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 34 IS 2 BP 682 EP 687 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA FR128 UT WOS:A1991FR12800050 ER PT J AU VANCE, NC ZAERR, JB AF VANCE, NC ZAERR, JB TI INFLUENCE OF DROUGHT STRESS AND LOW IRRADIANCE ON PLANT WATER RELATIONS AND STRUCTURAL CONSTITUENTS IN NEEDLES OF PINUS-PONDEROSA SEEDLINGS SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The influence of low light on tolerance to prolonged drought was tested on unshaded and shaded seedlings of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Dougl. ex Laws.). Unshaded seedlings of P. ponderosa var. ponderosa were also drought stressed to compare varietal responses to drought. The maximum irradiance received by shaded seedlings was 10% of full light. Seedlings were progressively drought stressed until predawn water potentials (PSI-(x)) were - 5.0 MPa. Relative water content (RWC) and the reciprocal of PSI-(x) were analyzed by means of an unusual application of the pressure-volume relationship for determination of RWC of the apoplast (RWC(a)), osmotic potential at full turgor (PSI-(oft)), and ratio of fully turgid weight to dry weight. Major varietal differences in drought response were in RWC(a) and needle cellulose content. The shaded seedlings showed tissue damage at relative water contents < 60%, and were killed by water deficits from which unshaded seedlings recovered. Correspondingly, shaded plants had significantly higher cell volume/cell mass ratio, PSI-(oft), less cellulose in needle tissue, and lower RWC(a) than unshaded plants. These differences suggest that low irradiance restricts drought adaptation in ponderosa pine. RP VANCE, NC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 8 IS 2 BP 175 EP 184 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FF758 UT WOS:A1991FF75800006 ER PT J AU HARP, JA KEHRLI, ME HURLEY, DJ WILSON, RA BOONE, TC AF HARP, JA KEHRLI, ME HURLEY, DJ WILSON, RA BOONE, TC TI NUMBERS AND PERCENT OF LYMPHOCYTES-T IN BOVINE PERIPHERAL-BLOOD DURING THE PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GRANULOCYTE; INTERLEUKIN-1; NEUTROPHIL; SUBSETS; CELLS AB To determine if periparturient immunosuppression in dairy cattle might be due to an alteration in total numbers or percent of T lymphocytes, we examined the numbers and percent of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood from periparturient dairy cows, some of which received recombinant bovine granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rbG-CSF) during the study. Beginning 2 weeks prepartum through 4 weeks postpartum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected and labeled with monoclonal antibodies to BoCD5, BoCD4, and BoCD8, and the percent of cells positive for each marker measured by flow cytometry. The percent of PBMC expressing BoCD5 (total T cells), and BoCD8 (T suppressor/cytotoxic cells) was not significantly different between the groups, or at different times before and after calving. The percent of PBMC expressing BoCD4 (T helper cells) was not significantly different between the groups, however, within both groups there was a higher percent of BoCD4+ cells after calving than during the prepartum period. In cows receiving rbG-CSF, total numbers of PBMC were significantly increased compared to controls during the postpartum treatment period. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. AMGEN INC,THOUSAND OAKS,CA 91320. RP HARP, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 14 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 28 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(91)90040-J PG 7 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA FD445 UT WOS:A1991FD44500003 PM 1711252 ER PT J AU STEVENS, MG KEHRLI, ME CANNING, PC AF STEVENS, MG KEHRLI, ME CANNING, PC TI A COLORIMETRIC ASSAY FOR QUANTITATING BOVINE NEUTROPHIL BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CALVES; CHEDIAK-HIGASHI-SYNDROME; PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; INTERFERON-GAMMA; CYTOCHALASIN-B; GRANULOCYTOPATHY SYNDROME; CYTO-TOXICITY; LEUKOCYTES; ACTIVATION; PHAGOCYTOSIS AB A colorimetric assay was developed for quantitating bovine neutrophil bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The procedure used the tetrazolium compound, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). The assay was conducted by incubating antibody-opsonized S. aureus with neutrophils in microtiter plates for 1 h at a ratio of 10 bacteria per neutrophil. Neutrophils were then lysed with saponin. The MTT was added and samples were incubated for 10 min. Live S. aureus reduced MTT to purple formazan. Dead bacteria and lysed neutrophils did not react with MTT. Bacterially-reduced formazan was solubilized by adding isopropanol and formazan production was quantitated by measuring absorption at 560 nm. Absorption of formazan was directly related to viable bacteria cell number and was used to determine the number of S. aureus not killed by neutrophils. The percentage of bacteria killed by neutrophils was determined by extrapolation from a standard formazan curve that was derived by incubating MTT with known numbers of S. aureus. The colorimetric MTT assay detected suppressed bactericidal activity after in vitro treatment of bovine neutrophils with colchicine, cytochalasin B, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. In vitro treatment of neutrophils with low levels of recombinant bovine interferon gamma (rBoIFN-gamma) enhanced bactericidal activity, whereas high levels decreased activity. These results suggest the colorimetric MTT bactericidal assay is efficacious in detecting modulation of bovine neutrophil bactericidal activity. Furthermore, the MTT assay has many advantages over traditional bactericidal assays in that it is sensitive, inexpensive, requires less than 3 h to complete, and can analyze many neutrophil samples in a single day. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,MINERAL METAB & MASTITIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. RP STEVENS, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 28 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 28 IS 1 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(91)90042-B PG 12 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA FD445 UT WOS:A1991FD44500005 PM 1905077 ER PT J AU HAYUNGA, EG SUMNER, MP AF HAYUNGA, EG SUMNER, MP TI ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF A DIAGNOSTIC ANTIGEN FOR BOVINE CYSTICERCOSIS BY HYDROPHOBIC CHROMATOGRAPHY SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TAENIA-SAGINATA CYSTICERCOSIS; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; FASCIOLA-HEPATICA; CATTLE AB An ammonium sulfate fraction of Taenia hydatigena cyst fluid (ThFAS) was further fractionated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography, using alkylagarose and omega-amino alkylagarose columns, in an effort to isolate and purify a specific diagnostic antigen in the ThFAS preparation. The < 12 kDa antigen was found to have an affinity for immobilized alkanes with chain length of six carbons or greater. The antigen was recovered in an ethylene glycol eluate from a hexylagarose column then analyzed by Western blot; it reacted with bovine and human cysticercosis infection sera and with specific monoclonal antibodies but not with control sera or fascioliasis infection sera. When the eluate was used as coating antigen in a plate ELISA assay no false positive reactions were seen in sera from cattle infected with Fasciola hepatica; false positive reactions were observed for the unfractionated ThFAS antigen preparation. C1 USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,SCI & TECHNOL PROGRAM,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 28 IS 1 BP 57 EP 65 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(91)90043-C PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA FD445 UT WOS:A1991FD44500006 PM 2053273 ER PT J AU BELZER, CA TABATABAI, LB DEYOE, BL AF BELZER, CA TABATABAI, LB DEYOE, BL TI DIFFERENTIATION BY WESTERN BLOTTING OF IMMUNE-RESPONSES OF CATTLE VACCINATED WITH BRUCELLA-ABORTUS STRAIN-19 OR INFECTED EXPERIMENTALLY OR NATURALLY WITH VIRULENT BRUCELLA-ABORTUS SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; COMPLEMENT-FIXATION; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; IDENTIFICATION; TESTS; SERA AB Brucella abortus strain 19 salt-extractable proteins fractionated by differential ammonium sulfate precipitation were used in a western blotting method to detect bovine immunoglobulin G antibodies to B. abortus. Sera from infected cattle and from cattle vaccinated with strain 19 and subsequently exposed to virulent B. abortus bound to a common group of antigens ranging in molecular weights from 31 000 to 45 000 daltons. Immunoglobulin G antibodies in sera from the latter group in addition also bound to antigens with molecular weights of 66 000 to 71 000 daltons. Some sera from cattle vaccinated when sexually mature reacted similar to those from infected cattle, while immunoglobulin G antibodies in sera from Brucella-free cattle and vaccinated calves did not bind to either group of antigens. In general, fractionation of the proteins by ammonium sulfate precipitation offered no advantage for detecting differences between groups of sera. Ammonium sulfate fraction 0 to 35% reacted with a larger number of sera from a naturally infected group than fraction 0 to 70%. Both fractions reacted equally well with sera from the other groups of cattle, while fractions 35 to 70% and 70 to 100% reacted poorly in this technique. The attractive feature of the blot is that sera from calfhood-vaccinated cattle did not react. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 27 IS 1 BP 79 EP 90 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(91)90064-M PG 12 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA FB765 UT WOS:A1991FB76500007 PM 1904667 ER PT J AU MCCASKEY, PC RIGSBY, WE HINTON, DM FRIEDLANDER, L HURST, VJ AF MCCASKEY, PC RIGSBY, WE HINTON, DM FRIEDLANDER, L HURST, VJ TI ACCUMULATION OF 2,8 DIHYDROXYADENINE IN BOVINE LIVER, KIDNEYS, AND LYMPH-NODES SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ADENINE; ADENINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; COW; LIVER; LYMPH NODE; METABOLIC STORAGE DISEASE ID METABOLISM; ADENINE; PURINE AB A variety of tissues from 20 cattle slaughtered at federally inspected facilities contained abundant light green to greenish-yellow material. Gross lesions were most common in the liver and hepatic lymph nodes. Less frequent lesions were present in the mediastinal, renal, intercostal, and gastric lymph nodes. The material was most prominent in the portal triads, and in the medullary sinuses of the lymph nodes, at times occupying up to one half of the nodal mass. Renal calculi were present in one animal. Histologically, the condition was characterized by the intracytoplasmic accumulation of innumerable brown, acicular crystals in hepatocytes, macrophages, and renal tubular epithelial cells. Less frequent large aggregates of extracellular crystals were found in the lumens of renal tubules and in portal triads. Crystals were highly birefringent when examined using polarized light. The crystals were identified as 2,8 dihydroxyadenine using X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. In mammals, adenine is normally converted to adenylate by the enzyme adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. When adenine phosphoribosyltransferase is absent, deficient, or inhibited, adenine is oxidized to 2,8 dihydroxyadenine, which is extremely insoluble at physiological pH. In human beings, an autosomal recessive disease known as 2,8 dihydroxyadeninuria is caused by a deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT GEOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613. US FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WYALUSING,PA. RP MCCASKEY, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,DIV PATHOL & SEROL,BLDG 318-C,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 28 IS 2 BP 99 EP 109 PG 11 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA FH359 UT WOS:A1991FH35900001 PM 2063521 ER PT J AU BARR, BC ANDERSON, ML DUBEY, JP CONRAD, PA AF BARR, BC ANDERSON, ML DUBEY, JP CONRAD, PA TI NEOSPORA-LIKE PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH BOVINE ABORTIONS SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABORTION; COW; FETUS; PROTOZOA; NEOSPORA; SARCOCYSTIS ID CANINUM; FETUS; SARCOCYSTOSIS; PLACENTA; CATTLE; DOGS; MICE AB Eighty bovine fetuses with presumed protozoal infections from a previous 2-year retrospective study were examined by immunohistochemistry using antisera against Neospora caninum. In 66 (83%) of the fetuses, protozoa were found that reacted positively with anti-N. caninum sera. In three (4%) additional fetuses, protozoa identified as Sarcocystis species did not react, and in two fetuses (3%) single protozoal clusters were found only in hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides. A group of 20 fetuses were chosen for further evaluation. They included 14 fetuses from the first group of 80 fetuses plus six additional fetuses that had large numbers of protozoa in the fetal brain. The 20 fetuses were examined immunohistochemically with antisera to N. caninum, Hammondia hammondi, and Toxoplasma gondii. Protozoa from 3/20 fetuses, identified as Sarcocystis species, failed to react with any antisera. In 16/20 fetuses protozoa reacted positively to antisera against N. caninum, and in most cases reacted to H. hammondi, and weakly to one or more of the antisera against T. gondii. Thick-walled protozoal tissue cysts were found in the brain of four of these 16 fetuses by transmissiosn electron microscopy. The cyst wall morphology was comparable to N. caninum. The results suggested that a single protozoal parasite of unknown identity was responsible for most of the bovine abortions. By immunohistochemistry, the unknown protozoon reacted most strongly and consistently to N. caninum antisera, but was antigenically distinct from N. caninum. Ultrastructurally, tissue cysts found in four fetuses most closely resembled Neospora caninum. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BARR, BC (reprint author), CALIF VET DIAGNOST LAB SYST,POB 1770,DAVIS,CA 95617, USA. NR 31 TC 129 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 28 IS 2 BP 110 EP 116 PG 7 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA FH359 UT WOS:A1991FH35900002 PM 2063512 ER PT J AU RAMMING, DW EMERSHAD, RL TARAILO, R CHAPARRO, JX MOWREY, BD AF RAMMING, DW EMERSHAD, RL TARAILO, R CHAPARRO, JX MOWREY, BD TI THE ZYGOTIC ORIGIN OF HYBRIDS FROM THOMPSON SEEDLESS GRAPE, VITIS-VINIFERA L SO VITIS LA English DT Article DE TABLE GRAPE; RAISIN; PARTHENOCARPY; SEEDLESSNESS; BERRY; COLOR; SEED; FLAVOR; ISOENZYME; TISSUE CULTURE; EMBRYO CULTURE; BREEDING ID PLANT FORMATION; EMBRYO CULTURE; ROTUNDIFOLIA AB Seedlings from open pollination and controlled crosses of Thompson Seedless were different from the parent in either fruit color, seed size, flavor or isozyme pattern. These results confirm that plants produced by in ovulo embryo culture of Thompson Seedless are usually zygotic in origin. This is a useful tool for producing hybrid plants from stenospermic seedless genotypes, allowing the hybridization of seedless by seedless and permitting many crosses previously unattainable. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT CROPS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. SUPERIOR FARMS,BAKERSFIELD,CA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU BUNDESFORSCHUNGSANSTALT REBENZUECHTUNG GEILWEILERHOF PI SIEBELDINGEN PA D-76833 SIEBELDINGEN, GERMANY SN 0042-7500 J9 VITIS JI Vitis PD MAR PY 1991 VL 30 IS 1 BP 11 EP 15 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FK788 UT WOS:A1991FK78800002 ER PT J AU AGUILERA, E KNIGHT, RL CUMMINGS, JL AF AGUILERA, E KNIGHT, RL CUMMINGS, JL TI AN EVALUATION OF 2 HAZING METHODS FOR URBAN CANADA GEESE SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERY & WILDLIFE BIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 1991 VL 19 IS 1 BP 32 EP 35 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA FG324 UT WOS:A1991FG32400004 ER PT J AU CONNER, RN RUDOLPH, DC AF CONNER, RN RUDOLPH, DC TI EFFECTS OF MIDSTORY REDUCTION AND THINNING IN RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER CAVITY TREE CLUSTERS SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID COLONIES C1 US FOREST SERV,WILDLIFE HABITAT & SILVICULTURE LAB,SO FOREST EXPT STN,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 1991 VL 19 IS 1 BP 63 EP 66 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA FG324 UT WOS:A1991FG32400010 ER PT J AU CONNER, RN SNOW, AE OHALLORAN, KA AF CONNER, RN SNOW, AE OHALLORAN, KA TI RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER USE OF SEED-TREE SHELTERWOOD CUTS IN EASTERN TEXAS SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,WILDLIFE HABITAT & SILVICULTURE LAB,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 1991 VL 19 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA FG324 UT WOS:A1991FG32400011 ER PT J AU RUDOLPH, DC CONNER, RN SCHAEFER, RR AF RUDOLPH, DC CONNER, RN SCHAEFER, RR TI YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKERS FEEDING AT RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER RESIN WELLS SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Note RP RUDOLPH, DC (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,WILDLIFE HABITAT & SILVICULTURE LAB,SO FOREST EXPT STN,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 103 IS 1 BP 122 EP 123 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA FA757 UT WOS:A1991FA75700015 ER PT J AU MILLS, TR RUMBLE, MA AF MILLS, TR RUMBLE, MA TI POULT ADOPTION IN MERRIAMS WILD TURKEYS SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Note ID WILLOW PTARMIGAN RP MILLS, TR (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,501 E ST JOSEPH ST,RAPID CITY,SD 57701, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD MAR PY 1991 VL 103 IS 1 BP 137 EP 138 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA FA757 UT WOS:A1991FA75700020 ER PT J AU ALDRICH, JR KOCHANSKY, JP LUSBY, WR BORGES, M AF ALDRICH, JR KOCHANSKY, JP LUSBY, WR BORGES, M TI PHEROMONE BLENDS OF PREDACEOUS BUGS (HETEROPTERA, PENTATOMIDAE, PODISUS SPP) SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE HEMIPTERA; STINK BUG; ATTRACTANT; (E)-2-HEXENAL; ALPHA-TERPINEOL ID HEMIPTERA AB Male predaceous stink bugs (Pentatomidae: Asopinae) in the genus Podisus release long-range attractant pheromones from a pair of hypertrophied glands opening underneath the wings. Pheromone compositions are reported for four additional Podisus spp.: two Neotropical species (P. connexivus and an undetermined Podisus sp.), and two Nearctic species (P. placidus and P. mucronatus). Males of each species release (E)-2-hexenal, plus species-specific major components that include alpha-terpineol, linalool, 9-hydroxy-2-nonanone, and (E)-2-hexenyl tiglate. The pheromonal chemistry of the Neotropical species closely resembles that for the previously studied Nearctic species, P. maculiventris and P. fretus. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AGR RES CTR E,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. EMBRAPA,CENARGEN,CTR NACL RECUROS GENET & BIOTECHNOL,BR-70770 BRASILIA,DF,BRAZIL. RP ALDRICH, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AGR RES CTR E,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,B-467,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Borges, Miguel/C-6937-2013 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD MAR-APR PY 1991 VL 46 IS 3-4 BP 264 EP 269 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA FJ898 UT WOS:A1991FJ89800017 ER PT J AU SHEPPARD, WS RINDERER, TE MAZZOLI, JA STELZER, JA SHIMANUKI, H AF SHEPPARD, WS RINDERER, TE MAZZOLI, JA STELZER, JA SHIMANUKI, H TI GENE FLOW BETWEEN AFRICAN-DERIVED AND EUROPEAN-DERIVED HONEY-BEE POPULATIONS IN ARGENTINA SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SOUTH-AMERICA; HYBRID ZONES; BEHAVIOR; HISTORY; RACES AB IN the Neotropics, introduced European honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) 1,2 have been largely supplanted by bees descended from an African race, A. m. scutellata Lepetier, which were introduced into Brazil in the 1950s. Recent restriction enzyme analyses indicate that mitochondrial DNA in some neotropical populations is almost entirely of African origin 3,4, and these data have been cited as evidence for asymmetrical gene flow between African- and European-derived populations 3,4. Evaluation of the nature of hybridization in the Neotropics is, however, confounded by possible population size advantages for the African-derived group 5-7. As an alternative approach, genetic interactions can be studied in transition areas between zones ecologically and climatically adaptive for both racial groups. We describe here results of a survey transecting regions populated by African- and European-derived honey bees in Argentina. Mitochondrial DNA, morphological and isoenzyme analyses show that substantial hybridization occurs between the two racial groups. C1 USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL RES LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820. UNIV BUENOS AIRES,FAC AGRON,CATEDRA GENET,RA-1417 BUENOS AIRES,ARGENTINA. RP SHEPPARD, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BLDG 476,BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 119 Z9 120 U1 2 U2 9 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 28 PY 1991 VL 349 IS 6312 BP 782 EP 784 DI 10.1038/349782a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EZ666 UT WOS:A1991EZ66600053 ER PT J AU SATO, T OELLER, PW THEOLOGIS, A AF SATO, T OELLER, PW THEOLOGIS, A TI THE 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE OF CUCURBITA - PURIFICATION, PROPERTIES, EXPRESSION IN ESCHERICHIA-COLI, AND PRIMARY STRUCTURE DETERMINATION BY DNA-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MESSENGER-RNA; MAXIMA DUCH; KEY ENZYME; ACID; IDENTIFICATION; INACTIVATION; METHIONINE; CLEAVAGE AB The key regulatory enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of the plant hormone ethylene is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (EC 4.4.1.14). We have partially purified ACC synthase 6,000-fold from Cucurbita fruit tissue treated with indoleacetic acid + benzyladenine + aminooxyacetic acid + LiCl. The enzyme has a specific activity of 35,000 nmol/h/mg protein, a pH optimum of 9.5, an isoelectric point of 5.0, a K(m) of 17-mu-M with respect to S-adenosylmethionine, and is a dimer of two identical subunits of approximately 46,000 Da each. The subunit exists in vivo as a 55,000-Da species similar in size to the primary in vitro translation product. DNA sequence analysis of the cDNA clone pACC1 revealed that the coding region of the ACC synthase mRNA spans 493 amino acids corresponding to a 55,779-Da polypeptide; and expression of the coding sequence (pACC1) in Escherichia coli as a COOH terminus hybrid of beta-galactosidase or as a nonhybrid polypeptide catalyzed the conversion of S-adenosylmethionine to ACC (Sato, T., and Theologis, A. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 86, 6621-6625). Immunoblotting experiments herein show that the molecular mass of the beta-galactosidase hybrid polypeptide is 170,000 Da, and the size of the largest nonhybrid polypeptide is 53,000 Da. The data suggest that the enzyme is post-translationally processed during protein purification. C1 USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-35447] NR 47 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 25 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 6 BP 3752 EP 3759 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA EY682 UT WOS:A1991EY68200063 PM 1995630 ER PT J AU BECNEL, JJ FUKUDA, T AF BECNEL, JJ FUKUDA, T TI ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CULICOSPORELLA-LUNATA (MICROSPORIDA, CULICOSPORELLIDAE FAM N) IN THE MOSQUITO CULEX-PILOSUS (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) WITH NEW INFORMATION ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL CYCLE SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PROTISTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TAXONOMY; TRANSMISSION; BINUCLEATE SPORES; LIFE CYCLE ID LIFE-CYCLE; SP-NOV; AMBLYOSPORIDAE; TRANSMISSION; NOSEMATIDAE; MITOSIS AB The ultrastructural cytology of Culicosporella lunata is described from larvae of its mosquito host Culex pilosus. Diplokaryotic sporonts entered 1 of 12 fundamentally different sporulation sequences that occurred concurrently, each producing morphologically distinctive spores. One involved abortive meiosis and rarely ended with meiospores; the other, the predominant one, involved diplokaryotic sporogonial plasmodia and produced lanceolate, binucleate spores. A previously unknown sporulation sequence in the adult mosquito was found to result in a second type of binucleate spore. The taxonomic affinities of Culicosporella lunata are discussed and because of its distinctive characters, Culicosporellidae fam. n. is created. RP BECNEL, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECTS AFFECTING MAN & ANIM RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0932-4739 J9 EUR J PROTISTOL JI Eur. J. Protistol. PD FEB 22 PY 1991 VL 26 IS 3-4 BP 319 EP 329 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EZ922 UT WOS:A1991EZ92200011 PM 23196289 ER PT J AU HUBER, SC HUBER, JL AF HUBER, SC HUBER, JL TI INVITRO PHOSPHORYLATION AND INACTIVATION OF SPINACH LEAF SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE BY AN ENDOGENOUS PROTEIN-KINASE SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; ENZYME INACTIVATION; SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; PROTEIN KINASE; (SPINACH LEAF) ID METABOLITE LEVELS; LEAVES; AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ACTIVATION; PLANTS; DARK AB (1) Partially purified preparations of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaf sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) contain an endogenous protein kinase that phosphorylates and inactivates the enzyme with [gamma-P-32]ATP. (2) The kinetic effect of phosphorylation is to alter affinities for substrates and the effector inorganic phosphate without affecting maximum velocity. (3) Two-dimensional peptide mapping of tryptic digests of in vitro labeled SPS yielded two phosphopeptides (designated sites 5 and 7). Labeling of the two sites occurred equally with time, and both correlated with inactivation. Maximum inactivation was associated with incorporation of 1.5 to 2.0 mol P/mol SPS tetramer, and about 70% of the phosphoryl groups were incorporated into one of the sites (phosphopeptide 7). (4) Phosphorylation and inactivation were strongly inhibited by NaCl, and the presence of salt alters some characteristics of the kinase reaction. In the absence of salt, the apparent K(m) for Mg.ATP was estimated to be 5-mu-M. (5) The dependence of the rate of phosphorylation on SPS concentration suggested that SPS and the protein kinase are distinct enzymes, but have some tendency to associate especially in the presence of ethylene glycol. (6) Ca2+/EGTA and polyamines have no effect on the rate of phosphorylation, whereas polycations (polylysine, polybrene and protamine) are inhibitory. (7) Of the metabolic intermediates tested, Glc 6-P inhibited phosphorylation and inactivation of the enzyme. The inhibition was not antagonized by inorganic phosphate, which suggests that Glc 6-P may be an effector of the kinase, rather than the target protein. Regulation by Glc 6-P may be of physiological significance. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27607. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27607. RP HUBER, SC (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,3127 LIGON ST,RALEIGH,NC 27607, USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3002 J9 BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA PD FEB 19 PY 1991 VL 1091 IS 3 BP 393 EP 400 DI 10.1016/0167-4889(91)90205-C PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA FC631 UT WOS:A1991FC63100019 PM 1825791 ER PT J AU MCKEON, TA LYMAN, ML AF MCKEON, TA LYMAN, ML TI CALCIUM-ION IMPROVES ELECTROPHORETIC TRANSFER OF CALMODULIN AND OTHER SMALL PROTEINS SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; SILVER STAIN; NITROCELLULOSE; MEMBRANES; BINDING RP MCKEON, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD FEB 15 PY 1991 VL 193 IS 1 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1016/0003-2697(91)90051-T PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA EX556 UT WOS:A1991EX55600018 PM 2042737 ER PT J AU DAWSONHUGHES, B AF DAWSONHUGHES, B TI EFFECT OF L-THYROXINE ON BONE MASS - RESPONSE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP DAWSONHUGHES, B (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD FEB 15 PY 1991 VL 114 IS 4 BP 340 EP 340 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EX521 UT WOS:A1991EX52100032 ER PT J AU WANG, XD TANG, GW FOX, JG KRINSKY, NI RUSSELL, RM AF WANG, XD TANG, GW FOX, JG KRINSKY, NI RUSSELL, RM TI ENZYMATIC CONVERSION OF BETA-CAROTENE INTO BETA-APOCAROTENALS AND RETINOIDS BY HUMAN, MONKEY, FERRET, AND RAT-TISSUES SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-A; METABOLISM; CLEAVAGE; INTESTINE; REDUCE; CANCER; RABBIT; ACID C1 USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,DEPT BIOCHEM,BOSTON,MA 02111. TULANE UNIV,SCH MED,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. MIT,DIV COMPARAT MED,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR01634] NR 31 TC 183 Z9 188 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD FEB 15 PY 1991 VL 285 IS 1 BP 8 EP 16 DI 10.1016/0003-9861(91)90322-A PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA EV516 UT WOS:A1991EV51600002 PM 1899329 ER PT J AU PICKENS, JB HOF, JG AF PICKENS, JB HOF, JG TI FUZZY GOAL PROGRAMMING IN FORESTRY - AN APPLICATION WITH SPECIAL SOLUTION PROBLEMS SO FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE FUZZY GOAL PROGRAMMING; MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS; FOREST MANAGEMENT AB This paper documents a practical application of fuzzy goal programming in forestry which is extremely difficult to solve using standard linear programming codes on mainframe computers. The application considers selection of the sequence of timber harvests applied over time to a forest. The objective of the fuzzy goal program is to minimum periodic harvests applied over time to a forest. The This approach generates solutions with nearly even harvest flows, and with significantly higher present net value than the traditional approach with crisp constraints. The solution difficulty results from the mutually exclusive nature of the harvest decision. The problem arises when many of the fuzzy goals (periodic harvests) are identical and minimal in the current tableau. In this situation, no single pivot step can increase the value of the objective function, and termination generally occurs at a suboptimal solution. Solution performance using several different software products on computers produced by two venders (IBM and UNIVAC (now UNISYS)) are discussed. The problem is solved through numeric tolerance modifications using an algorithm that is relatively less sensitive to termination criteria. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RP PICKENS, JB (reprint author), MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & WOOD PROD,HOUGHTON,MI 49931, USA. NR 9 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0114 J9 FUZZY SET SYST JI Fuzzy Sets Syst. PD FEB 15 PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP 239 EP 246 DI 10.1016/0165-0114(91)90095-8 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA FB269 UT WOS:A1991FB26900001 ER PT J AU HIRD, DW WEIGLER, BJ SALMAN, MD DANAYEELMI, C PALMER, CW HOLMES, JC UTTERBACK, WW SISCHO, WM AF HIRD, DW WEIGLER, BJ SALMAN, MD DANAYEELMI, C PALMER, CW HOLMES, JC UTTERBACK, WW SISCHO, WM TI EXPENDITURES FOR VETERINARY SERVICES AND OTHER COSTS OF DISEASE AND DISEASE PREVENTION IN 57 CALIFORNIA BEEF HERDS IN THE NATIONAL-ANIMAL-HEALTH-MONITORING-SYSTEM (1988-1989) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Data on costs associated with episodes of disease and disease prevention, including expenditures for veterinary services, were collected from 57 California beef cow-calf herds during 1988-1989 as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System. Mean cost associated with episodes of disease was $33.90/cow-year, with $0.78 and $1.37/cow-year being spent for veterinary services and drugs, respectively. The highest costs for veterinary services related to episodes of disease were for dystocia, lameness, and ocular carcinoma. For disease prevention, mean expenditures for veterinary services were $1.67/cow-year, nearly all of which was spent on prevention of reproductive tract conditions. Preventive expenditures for veterinary services related to female infertility (pregnancy examination), vaccination against brucellosis and male infertility (breeding soundness examination) were $0.72, $0.39, and $0.22/cow-year, respectively. Many costs associated with episodes of disease and disease prevention were similar to those reported from Colorado National Animal Health Monitoring System beef herds. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED & BIOMED SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA 95827. CALIF DEPT FOOD & AGR,ANIM HLTH BRANCH,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814. RP HIRD, DW (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT MED,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 15 PY 1991 VL 198 IS 4 BP 554 EP 558 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EX408 UT WOS:A1991EX40800010 PM 2019526 ER PT J AU CRAWFORD, LM AF CRAWFORD, LM TI HATCHET JOB SO NATION LA English DT Letter C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATION CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0027-8378 J9 NATION JI Nation PD FEB 11 PY 1991 VL 252 IS 5 BP 146 EP 146 PG 1 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA EV369 UT WOS:A1991EV36900003 ER PT J AU GASKELL, J DIEPERINK, E CULLEN, D AF GASKELL, J DIEPERINK, E CULLEN, D TI GENOMIC ORGANIZATION OF LIGNIN PEROXIDASE GENES OF PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEGRADING BASIDIOMYCETE; DNA; RECOMBINATION; POLYMORPHISMS; DEGRADATION; SEQUENCES; KARYOTYPE; ME446; ACID AB Three lignin peroxidase (LiP) genes from the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium were cloned on a single 30 kb cosmid insert. One gene, GLG5, is the genomic equivalent of a previously reported cDNA clone, CLG5. The other two LiP genes are transcriptionally convergent and map to a position approximately 15 kb downstream of GLG5. The translational stop codons of these genes are separated by 1.3 kb. Analysis of homokaryons established allelic relationships to previously described LiP clones. Using clamped homogeneous electrical field electrophoresis (CHEF), seven chromosomal bands were resolved from P. chrysosporium genomic DNA. On CHEF gel Southern blots, the LiP gene family was localized to a single, dimorphic chromosome. C1 INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 37 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD FEB 11 PY 1991 VL 19 IS 3 BP 599 EP 603 DI 10.1093/nar/19.3.599 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA EY712 UT WOS:A1991EY71200026 PM 2011531 ER PT J AU DEQUATTRO, J AF DEQUATTRO, J TI AIRBORNE VIDEO - A RIDE IN ARS OWN AIR-FORCE-1 SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP DEQUATTRO, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RM 318,B-005,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 4 EP 9 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY865 UT WOS:A1991EY86500001 ER PT J AU KINZEL, B AF KINZEL, B TI A RAINBOW OF NO-WRINKLE COTTON SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP KINZEL, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RM 318,B-005,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 10 EP 11 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY865 UT WOS:A1991EY86500002 ER PT J AU KONSTANT, DA AF KONSTANT, DA TI THE MYSTERY OF THE SEXUAL JUNGLE FUNGUS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP KONSTANT, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RM 318,B-005,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY865 UT WOS:A1991EY86500003 ER PT J AU KINZEL, B AF KINZEL, B TI REPLACING FUMIGANTS WITH BENEFICIAL INSECTS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP KINZEL, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RM 318,B-005,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 14 EP 16 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY865 UT WOS:A1991EY86500004 ER PT J AU KINZEL, B AF KINZEL, B TI LINGUINE AND NEMATODES SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP KINZEL, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RM 318,B-005,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY865 UT WOS:A1991EY86500005 ER PT J AU HARDIN, B AF HARDIN, B TI ENZYME CAUSES SOYBEAN OIL REFINING LOSS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP HARDIN, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RM 318,B-005,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY865 UT WOS:A1991EY86500007 ER PT J AU HAYS, SM AF HAYS, SM TI ANCIENT FORAGE FOUND USEFUL SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP HAYS, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RM 318,B-005,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY865 UT WOS:A1991EY86500006 ER PT J AU CORLISS, J AF CORLISS, J TI NEW GRASSES FULFILL MANY NEEDS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP CORLISS, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RM 318,B-005,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY865 UT WOS:A1991EY86500009 ER PT J AU KINZEL, B AF KINZEL, B TI INCREASING COTTONS NONWOVEN MARKET SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP KINZEL, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RM 318,B-005,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY865 UT WOS:A1991EY86500008 ER PT J AU JORDAN, D BEARE, MH AF JORDAN, D BEARE, MH TI A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR ESTIMATING SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS CARBON SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON MODERN TECHNIQUES IN SOIL ECOLOGY CY SEP 11-15, 1989 CL ATLANTA, GA SP FRANKLIN COLL ARTS & SCI, UNIV GEORGIA RES FDN, UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT AGRON, UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT ENTOMOL, UNIV GEORGIA, INST ECOL, OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, US AGCY INT DEV, SO MICRO INSTRUMENTS, GREEN GLEN ID BIOCIDAL TREATMENTS; EXTRACTION METHOD; AGROECOSYSTEMS; CHLOROFORM; METABOLISM; DYNAMICS AB Soil microbial biomass is an important ecological parameter because it acts as a source-sink in nutrient cycling processes and regulates many organic matter transformations. Appropriate methodologies must be developed to measure the microbial pools in natural and man-managed (agroeco-systems) systems. Our objective was to compare and contrast the conventional chloroform fumigation incubation method (CFIM) with the chloroform direct extraction method (CFEM) using automated analyses of total organic carbon for determining microbial biomass carbon. Fresh soil samples were taken at 0-5- and 5-15-cm depths from two sites with different clay contents in the Georgia Piedmont and analyzed by both methods simultaneously. Both methods gave the same general trends of reduced microbial carbon with depth even when using different k(c) or k(ec) values. At 0-5 cm, each method gave different results for the high-clay (HC) sites. This further emphasizes the need to independently determine k(c) or k(ec) values for characteristically high clay soil in the Piedmont. The variability between replicates for CFIM was greater than CFEM. These preliminary results suggest that the CFEM using the total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer may be more appropriate for evaluating soil microbial biomass carbon, especially where a large number of samples are processed. C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. UNIV GEORGIA,INST ECOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RI Beare, Michael/A-1997-2014 OI Beare, Michael/0000-0003-0027-3757 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 34 IS 1-4 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(91)90091-B PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FD132 UT WOS:A1991FD13200003 ER PT J AU MCSORLEY, R WALTER, DE AF MCSORLEY, R WALTER, DE TI COMPARISON OF SOIL EXTRACTION METHODS FOR NEMATODES AND MICROARTHROPODS SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON MODERN TECHNIQUES IN SOIL ECOLOGY CY SEP 11-15, 1989 CL ATLANTA, GA SP FRANKLIN COLL ARTS & SCI, UNIV GEORGIA RES FDN, UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT AGRON, UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT ENTOMOL, UNIV GEORGIA, INST ECOL, OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, US AGCY INT DEV, SO MICRO INSTRUMENTS, GREEN GLEN ID FLOTATION METHOD AB Active extraction techniques, dependent on the behavior of soil animals, and passive techniques, dependent on specific gravity or sedimentation rate, are widely used in the extraction of both nematodes and microarthropods. No method is completely suitable for extraction of both nematodes and microarthropods. Since no extraction method is 100% efficient, the estimation of extraction efficiency can provide a basis for evaluating extraction performance and comparing results of different methods. C1 USDA ARS,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RP MCSORLEY, R (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,NEMATOL LAB,BLDG 78,0611 IFAS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 34 IS 1-4 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(91)90106-8 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FD132 UT WOS:A1991FD13200018 ER PT J AU CHENG, WX COLEMAN, DC BOX, JE AF CHENG, WX COLEMAN, DC BOX, JE TI MEASURING ROOT TURNOVER USING THE MINIRHIZOTRON TECHNIQUE SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON MODERN TECHNIQUES IN SOIL ECOLOGY CY SEP 11-15, 1989 CL ATLANTA, GA SP FRANKLIN COLL ARTS & SCI, UNIV GEORGIA RES FDN, UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT AGRON, UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT ENTOMOL, UNIV GEORGIA, INST ECOL, OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, US AGCY INT DEV, SO MICRO INSTRUMENTS, GREEN GLEN ID GRASSLAND; C-14 AB Measurement of root turnover has been one of the most difficult problems in terrestrial ecosystem studies owing to the lack of an appropriate method. In this paper, a method for measuring intra-seasonal root turnover is described. The recently developed minirhizotron system was adapted and combined with hand tracing of the minirhizotron-produced video tapes. The basic components of a minirhizotron system are briefly introduced. A hand-tracing procedure and the subsequent data analyses are described. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,INST ECOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. RI Cheng, Weixin/F-4968-2011; OI Cheng, Weixin/0000-0003-2964-2376; Coleman, David/0000-0003-0390-1501 NR 28 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 34 IS 1-4 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(91)90113-C PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FD132 UT WOS:A1991FD13200025 ER PT J AU BUI, EN AF BUI, EN TI APPLICATIONS OF IMAGE-ANALYSIS TO SOIL MICROMORPHOLOGY SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON MODERN TECHNIQUES IN SOIL ECOLOGY CY SEP 11-15, 1989 CL ATLANTA, GA SP FRANKLIN COLL ARTS & SCI, UNIV GEORGIA RES FDN, UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT AGRON, UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT ENTOMOL, UNIV GEORGIA, INST ECOL, OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, US AGCY INT DEV, SO MICRO INSTRUMENTS, GREEN GLEN ID THIN-SECTIONS; VOIDS; HUMUS AB The technique of image analysis allows scientists to study images as digital data. The equipment and procedure for image analysis are briefly discussed. Its application to soil thin sections is illustrated. Examples of potential applications in soil ecological studies are given. It is proposed that image analysis is most useful in soil ecology to study the effect of faunal activity on soil structure and litter turnover. RP BUI, EN (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,POB 555,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677, USA. RI Bui, Elisabeth/C-8849-2011 OI Bui, Elisabeth/0000-0001-7632-1992 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 34 IS 1-4 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(91)90116-F PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FD132 UT WOS:A1991FD13200028 ER PT J AU WEST, LT HENDRIX, PF BRUCE, RR AF WEST, LT HENDRIX, PF BRUCE, RR TI MICROMORPHIC OBSERVATION OF SOIL ALTERATION BY EARTHWORMS SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON MODERN TECHNIQUES IN SOIL ECOLOGY CY SEP 11-15, 1989 CL ATLANTA, GA SP FRANKLIN COLL ARTS & SCI, UNIV GEORGIA RES FDN, UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT AGRON, UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT ENTOMOL, UNIV GEORGIA, INST ECOL, OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, US AGCY INT DEV, SO MICRO INSTRUMENTS, GREEN GLEN AB Thin section methodology was used to examine soils from laboratory experiments and from experimental field plots for effects of earthworms on soil microfabrics. Samples of loamy sand or sandy clay loam were incubated with the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. Field samples of similar soil texture were collected from experimental plots treated with conventional or no-tillage management for 5 years. All samples were subjected to thin sectioning and microscopic examination for fabric and porosity characteristics. In both sandy and clayey soil, fewer and smaller voids were present adjacent to earthworm channels compared with bulk soil. Additionally, clay domains in the clayey soil were oriented into a porostriated b-fabric adjacent to the earthworm channel, suggesting that compaction and reorientation of the soil occurred as the channels were formed. In the sandy soil, plasma (clay, organic matter, and clay-organic complexes) coatings were observed along the channel walls, and two forms of earthworm castings were observed; (1) castings deposited within channels and composed of coarse sand grains that had been depleted of plasma; and (2) castings deposited on the surface which appeared to have fewer coarse and grains and more plasma bridging between sand grains, compared with bulk soil. These grain size and plasma relationships between channel and surface castings suggest that earthworms passed coarse sand grains through their gut and deposited them in the channel. Plasma removed from the coarse grains appeared to be incorporated with plasma associated with the finer sand and deposited along the channel wall or as castings at the soil surface. Similar features were observed in and around macropores from field soils, suggesting similar effects of earthworms in relatively undistributed soils from no-tillage agroecosystems. Particle reorientation along channel walls, compaction of particles adjacent to channel walls, and organic linings may limit water movement from earthworm burrows into the bulk soil, with possible impacts on solute movement and retention in the soil. C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA. UNIV GEORGIA,INST ECOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP WEST, LT (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 34 IS 1-4 BP 363 EP 370 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(91)90121-D PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FD132 UT WOS:A1991FD13200033 ER PT J AU WALTER, DE KAPLAN, DT PERMAR, TA AF WALTER, DE KAPLAN, DT PERMAR, TA TI MISSING LINKS - A REVIEW OF METHODS USED TO ESTIMATE TROPHIC LINKS IN SOIL FOOD WEBS SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON MODERN TECHNIQUES IN SOIL ECOLOGY CY SEP 11-15, 1989 CL ATLANTA, GA SP FRANKLIN COLL ARTS & SCI, UNIV GEORGIA RES FDN, UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT AGRON, UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT ENTOMOL, UNIV GEORGIA, INST ECOL, OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, US AGCY INT DEV, SO MICRO INSTRUMENTS, GREEN GLEN ID NEMATOPHAGOUS ARTHROPODS; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; BEHAVIOR; NEMATODES; PREDATORS; TAXONOMY; GUILDS AB Analysis of trophic interactions in soil food webs requires methods for obtaining reliable trophic information and organizing that information into functional units. Methods of obtaining trophic information about soil organisms fall into three general categories: (I) direct observation; (II) gut content analysis; (III) experiment/inference. Trophic information is interpreted using two conceptual models: (1) food webs (i.e. maps of feeding relationships among trophic species); (2) trophic levels (i.e. sequentially diminishing energy levels). Trophic classifications often confound these two conceptual models by defining an organism's feeding behavior in terms of trophic levels (e.g. herbivore, carnivore, detritivore) or pseudotrophic levels (e.g. fungivore, nematophage, insectivore). Simplistic trophic classifications miss many of the links in real food webs, result in theory based on false assumptions and limit the application of ecological principles to applied research. RP WALTER, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 34 IS 1-4 BP 399 EP 405 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(91)90123-F PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FD132 UT WOS:A1991FD13200035 ER PT J AU BERG, JD HENDRIX, PF CHENG, WX DILLARD, AL AF BERG, JD HENDRIX, PF CHENG, WX DILLARD, AL TI A LABELING CHAMBER FOR C-13 ENRICHMENT OF PLANT-TISSUE FOR DECOMPOSITION STUDIES SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON MODERN TECHNIQUES IN SOIL ECOLOGY CY SEP 11-15, 1989 CL ATLANTA, GA SP FRANKLIN COLL ARTS & SCI, UNIV GEORGIA RES FDN, UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT AGRON, UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT ENTOMOL, UNIV GEORGIA, INST ECOL, OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, US AGCY INT DEV, SO MICRO INSTRUMENTS, GREEN GLEN AB Isotope labeling with a (CO2)-C-13-enriched atmosphere was conducted on four raised beds of grain sorghum. A temporary rain shelter with clear polyethylene roofing material was constructed to allow controlled watering of the beds. Labeling chambers were constructed with aluminum frames, polyethylene sides and propofilm C tops. The chamber length (4 m) was one-quarter of the total bed length and enclosed a total volume of approximately 3000 l. A fan recirculated air in the chamber through polyvinyl chloride pipes. An outlet allowed sampling of chamber atmosphere for CO2 concentration, while another opening downstream provided an inlet for (CO2)-C-13 injection. An elevated extension was added when the grain sorphum grew to exceed the 50-cm height of the chamber, doubling the enclosed volume. Enrichment of the chamber atmosphere with (CO2)-C-13 was monitored with infrared gas analyzers. Gas flowmeters were used to measure isotope additions. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,INST ECOL,ATHENS,GA 30606. UNIV GEORGIA,INST ECOL,ATHENS,GA 30606. USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30606. RP BERG, JD (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ATHENS,GA 30606, USA. RI Cheng, Weixin/F-4968-2011 OI Cheng, Weixin/0000-0003-2964-2376 NR 2 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 34 IS 1-4 BP 421 EP 425 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(91)90125-H PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FD132 UT WOS:A1991FD13200037 ER PT J AU DYSON, L AF DYSON, L TI RADICALISM IN THE STATES - THE MINNESOTA-FARMER-LABOR-PARTY AND THE AMERICAN POLITICAL-ECONOMY - VALELLY,RM SO AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW LA English DT Book Review RP DYSON, L (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HISTORICAL REVIEW PI WASHINGTON PA 400 A ST SE, WASHINGTON, DC 20003 SN 0002-8762 J9 AM HIST REV JI Am. Hist. Rev. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 96 IS 1 BP 281 EP 282 DI 10.2307/2164243 PG 2 WC History SC History GA EZ341 UT WOS:A1991EZ34100231 ER PT J AU PICK, DH PARK, TA AF PICK, DH PARK, TA TI THE COMPETITIVE STRUCTURE OF UNITED-STATES AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS; EXCHANGE RATE; IMPERFECT COMPETITION; MONOPOLY; MONOPSONIST; PRICE DISCRIMINATION ID WORLD WHEAT MARKET; PRICES; EXCHANGE; RATES AB The competitive structure of U.S. agricultural exports is examined using a model of exporter behavior based on pricing decisions across destination markets. Market power is revealed in the adjustment patterns of export prices in response to exchange rate movements. The results reject the hypothesis that the export pricing decisions by U.S. firms are consistent with price discrimination across destination markets for cotton, corn, and soybeans. The strongest evidence against the competitive market structure is obtained for international trade in wheat, where results indicate that the two largest importers (Soviet Union and PRC) may exert market power to obtain lower prices. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGR ECON,LINCOLN,NE 68588. RP PICK, DH (reprint author), USDA,ATAD,ECON RES SERV,DEV ECON BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 73 IS 1 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.2307/1242889 PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EZ501 UT WOS:A1991EZ50100013 ER PT J AU BRAZEE, RJ AF BRAZEE, RJ TI MULTIPLE-USE MANAGEMENT - THE ECONOMICS OF PUBLIC FORESTLANDS - BOWES,MD, KRUTILLA,JV SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review RP BRAZEE, RJ (reprint author), USDA,SERV ECON RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 73 IS 1 BP 222 EP 223 DI 10.2307/1242898 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA EZ501 UT WOS:A1991EZ50100022 ER PT J AU RUMPLER, WV SEALE, JL MILES, CW BODWELL, CE AF RUMPLER, WV SEALE, JL MILES, CW BODWELL, CE TI ENERGY-INTAKE RESTRICTION AND DIET-COMPOSITION EFFECTS ON ENERGY-EXPENDITURE IN MEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE NUTRITIONAL ADAPTATION; ENERGY METABOLISM; BODY COMPOSITION; CALORIC RESTRICTION; DIET COMPOSITION ID METABOLIC-RATE; INDIRECT CALORIMETRY; BODY-WEIGHT; CARBOHYDRATE; FAT; OBESE; ADAPTATION; OXIDATION; WOMEN AB Eight men were fed at maintenance for 2 wk, followed by 4 wk at 50% of maintenance, then 1 wk at maintenance. The diets were formulated to contain either 40% or 20% of energy from fat. Daily energy expenditure (24-h EE) was determined by indirect calorimetry at the end of the 2-wk maintenance period; on days 1, 7, and 28 of reduced energy intake; and on days 1 and 7 of refeeding. During the reduced-energy period, body weight decreased from 96.6 to 91.5 kg and body fat decreased from 30.4% to 27.7%. There were no significant differences in 24-h EE or energy requirements per unit body weight due to diet composition or weight loss. Maintenance metabolizable-energy (ME) requirement averaged 31.0 kcal/kg body wt. Overall, the efficiency of ME use relative to body stores was 0.87 and was greater for high-fat than for low-fat diets. There was some evidence of an increase in the efficiency of energy use of body stores after weight loss. Substrate use reflected diet composition and energy-balance status independent of changes in body composition. RP RUMPLER, WV (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,ENERGY & PROTEIN NUTR LAB,ROOM 206,BLDG 308,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 NR 31 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 53 IS 2 BP 430 EP 436 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA EU946 UT WOS:A1991EU94600007 PM 1989409 ER PT J AU HUDGINS, LC HIRSCH, J EMKEN, EA AF HUDGINS, LC HIRSCH, J EMKEN, EA TI CORRELATION OF ISOMERIC FATTY-ACIDS IN HUMAN ADIPOSE-TISSUE WITH CLINICAL RISK-FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE TRANS FATTY ACIDS; CIS FATTY ACIDS; ADIPOSE TISSUE FATTY ACIDS; HEART DISEASE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HYDROGENATED VEGETABLE OIL; HYPERTENSION; OBESITY ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; HUMAN-PLASMA LIPIDS; HYDROGENATED OILS; LIPOPROTEIN LIPIDS; TRANS; DIET; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; METABOLISM; CIS; ERYTHROCYTE AB The relationships between the adipose tissue concentrations of 19 geometric and positional fatty acid isomers and 10 cardiovascular disease risk factors were determined in 76 free-living adult males. The percentages for trans isomers (total xBAR +/- SD 4.14 +/- 0.97%) and cis isomers (total xBAR +/- SD 2.91 +/- 0.34%) in adipose tissue generally agreed with dietary estimates based on the consumption of hydrogenated oils. A major exception was the percentage of 11c-18:1, which was twofold higher in adipose tissue. The total level of fatty acid isomers in adipose tissue or a factor (derived by factor analysis) that was representative of isomers of dietary origin was not significantly correlated with the cardiovascular risk factors. Only three trans isomers (11t-18:1, 12t-18:1, and 5t-14:1) and three cis isomers (11c-18:1, 13c-18:1, and 7c-16:1) were weakly correlated either positively or negatively with age, body mass index, plasma and lipoprotein cholesterol, and/or blood pressure (P < 0.05, r > 0.231). C1 USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP HUDGINS, LC (reprint author), ROCKEFELLER UNIV HOSP,1230 YORK AVE,NEW YORK,NY 10021, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00102]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL01565] NR 60 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 53 IS 2 BP 474 EP 482 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA EU946 UT WOS:A1991EU94600014 PM 1989415 ER PT J AU HJELLE, JT CHRISTENSEN, EI CARONE, FA SELHUB, J AF HJELLE, JT CHRISTENSEN, EI CARONE, FA SELHUB, J TI CELL FRACTIONATION AND ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE STUDIES OF KIDNEY FOLATE-BINDING PROTEIN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RENAL PROXIMAL TUBULES; ENDOCYTOSIS; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY ID BORDER MEMBRANE-VESICLES; PROXIMAL TUBULE CELLS; RAT-KIDNEY; TRANSPORT; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; ABSORPTION; RECEPTOR; MILK; FBP AB The subcellular distribution of folate-binding protein (FBP) and [H-3]folate in the proximal tubule was examined using cell fractionation and different electron microscope (EM) techniques. Cell fractionation of rabbit proximal tubules revealed that FBP distributed into two modes: 50% of FBP distributed with alanylaminopeptidase activity (brush border), and the remaining FBP distributed with organelles of lower density that did not show a large digitonin-induced shift to greater density. Infusion of [H-3]folate into the kidney followed by isolation and fractionation of the proximal tubules revealed a time-dependent shift of [H-3]folate from the heavy (brush border) mode to the lighter organelle mode. By EM immunocytochemistry, rat kidney FBP locates in the brush border, endocytic invaginations, endocytic vacuoles, and dense apical tubules of proximal tubule cells. EM autoradiography of rat kidney 10 min after intravenous infusion of [H-3]folate revealed that the label was significantly concentrated only in the brush border, endocytic vesicles, and lysosomes. These data support a mechanism of receptor-mediated endocytosis for the process of FBP-mediated folate transport in the kidney. C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,CHICAGO,IL 60611. AARHUS UNIV,INST ANAT,DEPT CELL BIOL,DK-8000 AARHUS,DENMARK. TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP HJELLE, JT (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL MED,DEPT BASIC SCI,BOX 1649,PEORIA,IL 61656, USA. FU NIADDK NIH HHS [AM-28644, AM-15351] NR 38 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 260 IS 2 BP C338 EP C346 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA EY855 UT WOS:A1991EY85500021 PM 1996614 ER PT J AU SEALE, JL RUMPLER, WV MOE, PW AF SEALE, JL RUMPLER, WV MOE, PW TI DESCRIPTION OF A DIRECT-INDIRECT ROOM-SIZED CALORIMETER SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE CALORIMETRY; HEAT PRODUCTION; ENERGY EXPENDITURE ID ONLINE DATA ACQUISITION; HEAT-SINK CALORIMETER; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE AB A calorimeter suitable for measuring human energy expenditure has been assembled by the US Department of Agriculture in Beltsville, Maryland. The room-sized calorimeter is 3.05 x 2.74 x 2.44 m (20.39 m3). Direct and indirect calorimetry methods are used to simultaneously measure heat emission and energy expenditure. A water-cooled gradient layer chamber is used to measure human heat production directly. Indirect calorimetry is ascertained by measuring the changes in gas composition of the air entering and exiting the chamber. The inlet and outlet air are each sampled three times every 100 s with a multiple gas analyzer to determine carbon dioxide and methane production and oxygen consumption within the chamber. A total of 30 measurements, which include temperature, pressure, gas fractions, flow rates, direct heat transfer, electrical power, and motion within the chamber, are converted from electrical to digital signals and recorded on magnetic disk nine times each minute. Real-time calculations for directly and indirectly measured energy expenditure are continuously updated and displayed. The performance of the calorimeter is assessed by the combustion of alcohol within the chamber. Results of these tests indicate that the direct heat recovery is 99.7 +/- 2.6 (SD) % and the indirect heat recovery is 100.3 +/- 1.3 (SD) %. RP SEALE, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,ENERGY & PROT NUTR LAB,RM 317,BLDG 308,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 260 IS 2 BP E306 EP E320 PN 1 PG 15 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA EY855 UT WOS:A1991EY85500048 PM 1996633 ER PT J AU GIULIANO, AR WOOD, RJ AF GIULIANO, AR WOOD, RJ TI VITAMIN-D-REGULATED CALCIUM-TRANSPORT IN CACO-2 CELLS - UNIQUE INVITRO MODEL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TRANSEPITHELIAL CALCIUM TRANSPORT; INTESTINE; 1,25-DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL; CULTURED HUMAN INTESTINAL CELLS ID EMBRYONIC CHICK DUODENUM; RAT INTESTINE; LINE CACO-2; SODIUM-BUTYRATE; BINDING PROTEIN; ABSORPTION; COLON; CALCIFEROL; PARAMETERS; MECHANISM AB The human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 is the only intestinal cell line to differentiate spontaneously in culture exhibiting structural and biochemical characteristics of mature enterocytes and to possess a vitamin D receptor in the fully differentiated state. Transepithelial calcium transport was characterized in differentiated Caco-2 cells grown on permeable filters supports to assess the potential utility of this cell line as an in vitro model to study 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]-induced calcium transport. Calcium transport was increased in a dose-dependent manner by 1,25(OH)2D3. Total calcium tranport at different calcium concentrations could be fitted to a modified Michaelis-Menten equation containing a linear transport component. The maximum rate of saturable calcium transport was increased by 4.3-fold (P < 0.005) in cells treated with 10(-8) M 1,25(OH)2D3. This treatment also increased the apparent buffer calcium concentration that results in half-maximal velocity from 0.4 to 1.3 mM but had no significant effect on nonsaturable calcium transport. Caco-2 cells grown on permeable filter supports provide a unique in vitro human cell culture model to study the mechanism of vitamin D-regulated transepithelial intestinal calcium transport. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MINERAL BIOAVAILABIL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 31 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 260 IS 2 BP G207 EP G212 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA EY855 UT WOS:A1991EY85500058 PM 1996641 ER PT J AU CUTLIP, RC LEHMKUHL, HD BROGDEN, KA SCHMERR, MJF AF CUTLIP, RC LEHMKUHL, HD BROGDEN, KA SCHMERR, MJF TI SEROPREVALENCE OF OVINE PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA VIRUS IN VARIOUS DOMESTIC AND WILD ANIMAL SPECIES, AND SPECIES SUSCEPTIBILITY TO THE VIRUS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS; VISNA VIRUS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; SHEEP; REACTIVITY; ANTIBODIES; DISEASE; GOATS AB Ovine progressive pneumonia is caused by a lentivirus of known infectivity only for sheep and goats. Virus susceptibility of 11 other species of animals was examined. Species included cattle, chickens, deer, dogs, goats, hamsters, horses, mice, pigs, rabbits, and rats. Of these species, only goats and rabbits could be experimentally infected with the virus. The infection in rabbits was acute, and virus did not persist or induce antibody production as it does in sheep and goats. Sera obtained from several people working in close contact with the virus and from several wild species, with unknown exposure history, were tested for antibodies to viral antigens. All results were negative. Knowledge of the host range of this virus is important for scientific studies and for virus eradication programs. RP CUTLIP, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 52 IS 2 BP 189 EP 191 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EW436 UT WOS:A1991EW43600002 PM 2012329 ER PT J AU FOSTER, NM LUEDKE, AJ PARSONSON, IM WALTON, TE AF FOSTER, NM LUEDKE, AJ PARSONSON, IM WALTON, TE TI TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIPS OF VIREMIA, INTERFERON ACTIVITY, AND ANTIBODY-RESPONSES OF SHEEP INFECTED WITH SEVERAL BLUETONGUE VIRUS-STRAINS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Sheep had viremias that were first detected on day 3 (+/- 1) after infection with several strains of bluetongue virus (BTV) representing United States serotypes 10, 11, 13, and 17. Diphasic peaks of infectivity were attained on days 6 and 10 (+/- 2). Interferon (IFN) was first detected in serum samples on day 5 (+/- 1), and reached greatest concentrations on day 6 (+/- 2), which coincided with the first viremic peak; IFN concentrations then decreased toward zero by day 10 (+/- 2). Interferon peak concentrations induced approximately a 90% decrease in virus titer. The decrease in IFN concentrations by day 9 (+/- 2) corresponded with the second viremic peak on day 10 (+/- 2). Onset of the decrease in detectable concentractions of virus after the second peak of viremia corresponded to the initial detection of serum antibody to BTV by day 10 (+/- 2). Virus titer decreased and antibody production increased until approximately days 21 to 28, when the titers plateaued and virus was not detected. Febrile responses peaked on day 7 (+/- 1) during the peak viremic period. The WBC count was depressed at the time the virus titer increased, but returned to normal values while the sheep were still viremic. Diphasic viremias in BTV-infected sheep were attributed to induction of high concentrations of IFN concurrent with the first virus titer peak, followed by production of antibody to specific BTV strains and a subsequent reduction in viremia at the second virus titer peak. C1 USDA,ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82071. NR 24 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 52 IS 2 BP 192 EP 196 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EW436 UT WOS:A1991EW43600003 PM 1707246 ER PT J AU LINDSAY, DS DUBEY, JP FAYER, R AF LINDSAY, DS DUBEY, JP FAYER, R TI IMMUNOHISTOLOGIC EXAMINATION OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES GENERATED AGAINST EIMERIA-BOVIS SPOROZOITES FOR REACTIVITY TO MERONTS AND SEXUAL STAGES OF E-BOVIS AND OTHER EIMERIAN PARASITES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ULTRASTRUCTURAL-LOCALIZATION; ANTIGENIC SITES; TENELLA; PENETRATION; SPECIFICITY; COCCIDIOSIS; INHIBITION; SPOROCYSTS; OOCYSTS; CALVES AB Seven monoclonal antibodies (MAB) generated against sporozoites of Eimeria bovis were tested for reactivity against immature and mature first-generation meronts, sexual stages, and oocysts in tissues from experimentally infected calves by use of an avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABPC) immunohistologic test. Three of the 7 MAB reacted in the ABPC test. One of these, MAB-4FB4, reacted only with mature E bovis meronts. The other 2 MAB, MAB2AE7 and MAB-4AD7, reacted with all the developmental stages of E bovis tested. Asexual stages and sexual stages of E tenella from chickens and E papillata from mice also were examined in the ABPC test. Monoclonal antibodies MAB-2AE7 and MAB-4AD7 reacted with all stages of these eimerian protozoa. None of the other 5 MAB reacted with these parasites. Results of this study suggested that antigens are shared among the asexual and sexual stages of several diverse Eimeria species. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 52 IS 2 BP 239 EP 242 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EW436 UT WOS:A1991EW43600013 PM 2012335 ER PT J AU PUGH, GW TABATABAI, LB PHILLIPS, M MCDONALD, TJ AF PUGH, GW TABATABAI, LB PHILLIPS, M MCDONALD, TJ TI ESTABLISHMENT OF DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS IN BALB/C MICE, USING BRUCELLA CELL-SURFACE PROTEIN AND LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID III PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE; ABORTUS LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; 5 STRAINS; IMMUNOGENICITY; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; IMMUNE; IMMUNIZATION; RADIATION AB A study was conducted to determine the immune (increased antibody) and protective (reduced colony-forming units) responses induced in mice by a: (i) single vaccinal inoculation, using various concentrations of Brucella cell surface protein (BCSP) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS); (ii) primary inoculation, using various concentrations of BCSP, followed by a secondary inoculation, using a standard concentration of BCSP; and (iii) primary inoculation, using 1 concentration of BCSP or LPS, followed by a secondary inoculation, using various concentrations of BCSP or LPS. Four weeks after the primary inoculation, mice were challenge exposed with approximately 1 x 10(4) colony-forming units of Brucella abortus strain 2308 and all mice were euthanatized at 6 weeks. Reduced splenic weights and reduced colony-forming units in the spleens of vaccinated mice, compared with nonvaccinated mice, were the criteria of protection. Increase in serum IgM and IgG was defined as immunity. Both BCSP and LPS induced protective and immune responses that were proportional to the dose given up to an optimal limit. However, concentrations higher than optimal decreased the protective and immune responses. This was true for mice given either 1 or 2 vaccinal inoculations. Enhanced secondary protective responses were seen only when suboptimal doses were used in the primary inoculation. Excessive or optimal doses in the secondary inoculations prevented or obscured the protectiveness and immunity by primary inoculations. The protective effects appeared to be additive when suboptimal doses were used in the primary and secondry inoculations. Inoculation of subimmunogenic doses induced a relative reduction in the antibody concentration after challenge exposure, compared with nonvaccinated mice. The overall results indicated that the protective responses induced by BCSP were probably attributable to LPS. The results also indicated a linear increase in protection and immune response corresponding to increasing doses up to an optimal dose, and this stoichiometric optimum may be achieved by the use of 1 or more vaccinal inoculations. However, once this optimum was obtained, additional amounts of BCSP or LPS cause perturbation of both the protective and serologic responses. RP PUGH, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 52 IS 2 BP 261 EP 268 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EW436 UT WOS:A1991EW43600017 PM 1901465 ER PT J AU WILHELMSEN, CL BOLIN, SR RIDPATH, JF CHEVILLE, NF KLUGE, JP AF WILHELMSEN, CL BOLIN, SR RIDPATH, JF CHEVILLE, NF KLUGE, JP TI LESIONS AND LOCALIZATION OF VIRAL-ANTIGEN IN TISSUES OF CATTLE WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED OR NATURALLY ACQUIRED MUSCOSAL DISEASE, OR WITH NATURALLY ACQUIRED CHRONIC BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MUCOSAL DISEASE; BORDER DISEASE; VIRUS; INFECTION; BULL AB Tissues from cattle that died of experimentally induced mucosal disease (n = 3), naturally acquired mucosal disease (n = 6), or naturally acquired chronic bovine viral diarrhea (n = 4) were examined. Consistent findings were lymphocytic depletion of lymphoid tissues, degeneration of myenteric ganglion cells, and mild adrenalitis. Intracytoplasmic viral antigen was detected in myenteric ganglia and in endocrine glandular cells. Noncytopathic virus was isolated from all cattle, and cytopathic virus was isolated from 12 of 13 cattle. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT VET PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 26 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 52 IS 2 BP 269 EP 275 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EW436 UT WOS:A1991EW43600018 PM 1849384 ER PT J AU PAAPE, MJ MILLER, RH ZIV, G AF PAAPE, MJ MILLER, RH ZIV, G TI PHARMACOLOGICAL ENHANCEMENT OR SUPPRESSION OF PHAGOCYTOSIS BY BOVINE NEUTROPHILS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION; P-32-LABELED ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTICS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; CHEMOTACTIC RESPONSE; AGENTS; INVITRO; INVIVO; CELLS; MILK AB Sixty-three drugs, belonging to 10 chemical classes, were tested in vitro to determine effects on phagocytosis of P-32-labeled Staphylococcus aureus by neutrophils isolated from milk. Within each class, the number of antibiotics tested were: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID; 8), peptolids (2), aminoglycosides (8), tetracyclines and fusidic acid (4), beta-lactam antibiotics (25), secretolytic agents (2), macrolides (5), polypeptides (2), and antibacterial quinolones (8). Percentage of phagocytosis was determined after incubating (2 hours at 37 C) 12.5 x 10(6) viable neutrophils, 200 x 10(6) P-32-labeled S aureus with antibiotics and 5% skimmed milk. Concentrations of antibiotics tested were 1,000, 500, and 10-mu-g/ml of incubation media. When compared with nonantibiotic controls at the highest drug concentration, the NSAID acetylsalicylic acid and centrophenoxine increased phagocytosis 23.2 and 8.8%, respectively, and benzydamine, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, ibuprofen, and acetominophen decreased phagocytosis 22.8, 14.2, 9.8, 27.0, and 18.2%, respectively. The peptolids novobiocin and pristinamycin decreased phagocytosis 24.5 and 22.0%, respectively. The aminoglycosides tobramycin, amikacin, and gentamicin decreased phagocytosis 21.1, 15.4, and 19.2% respectively. For the tetracyclines and fusidic acid, minocycline and doxycycline decreased phagocytosis 39.8 and 54.2%, respectively. The beta-lactam antibiotics carfecillin, cephapirin sodium, and cephacetrile sodium decreased phagocytosis 11.2, 12.8, and 23.8%, respectively. The secretolytic agent, bromhexin, increased phagocytosis 10.8%. These data indicate that the potential for enhanced phagocytosis exists through use of some NSAID, and for depressed phagocytosis through use of aminoglycosides, peptolids, tetracyclines, and beta-lactams, as well as certain other NSAID. C1 KIMRON VET INST,BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP PAAPE, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 52 IS 2 BP 363 EP 366 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EW436 UT WOS:A1991EW43600031 PM 2012350 ER PT J AU HUANG, BR TAYLOR, HM MCMICHAEL, BL AF HUANG, BR TAYLOR, HM MCMICHAEL, BL TI EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF METAXYLEM IN PRIMARY WHEAT ROOTS AND ITS HYDRAULIC CONSEQUENCE SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE WHEAT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; ROOTS; XYLEM DEVELOPMENT; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE ID WATER-MOVEMENT; RESISTANCE; MORPHOLOGY; VESSELS; SHOOT; XYLEM; FLOW C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. RP HUANG, BR (reprint author), TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT AGRON HORT & ENTOMOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79409, USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 67 IS 2 BP 163 EP 166 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EX853 UT WOS:A1991EX85300009 ER PT J AU HINZELIN, F KURTZMAN, CP SMITH, MT AF HINZELIN, F KURTZMAN, CP SMITH, MT TI WILLIOPSIS-SALICORNIAE SP-NOV SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TAXONOMY; WILLIOPSIS-SALICORNIAE; YEAST AB Four strains of an undescribed species of the genus Williopsis were isolated from brackish water. A description of the new species, Williopsis salicorniae (type strain, CBS 8071, NRRL Y-12834), is given. C1 CENT BUR SCHIMMELCULTURES,DIV YEAST,2628 BC DELFT,NETHERLANDS. USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP HINZELIN, F (reprint author), FAC SCI PHARMACEUT & BIOL PARIS,CRYPTOGAMIE LAB,BP 403,5 RUE ALBERT LEBRUN,F-54001 NANCY,FRANCE. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD FEB PY 1991 VL 59 IS 2 BP 125 EP 127 DI 10.1007/BF00445656 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FK350 UT WOS:A1991FK35000007 PM 1854186 ER PT J AU BURGESSCASSLER, A IMAM, SH GOULD, JM AF BURGESSCASSLER, A IMAM, SH GOULD, JM TI HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT AMYLASE ACTIVITIES FROM BACTERIA DEGRADING STARCH-PLASTIC FILMS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID PROTEINS; ENZYMES AB Amylases having unusually high molecular weights (M(r), > 150,000) were found in culture supernatants of an environmentally derived microbial mixed culture selected for its ability to utilize starch-containing plastic films as sole carbon sources. The mixed culture produced amylases active at pHs 5.5 and 8.0. RP BURGESSCASSLER, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 8 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 57 IS 2 BP 612 EP 614 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA EV647 UT WOS:A1991EV64700048 PM 16348425 ER PT J AU SUN, ZT HENSON, CA AF SUN, ZT HENSON, CA TI A QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF BARLEY SEED ALPHA-AMYLASE, BETA-AMYLASE, DEBRANCHING ENZYME, AND ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE IN STARCH DEGRADATION SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGHER-PLANTS; METABOLISM; GERMINATION; GRAIN C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 18 TC 134 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD FEB 1 PY 1991 VL 284 IS 2 BP 298 EP 305 DI 10.1016/0003-9861(91)90299-X PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA ET071 UT WOS:A1991ET07100011 PM 1824915 ER PT J AU LOCKWOOD, JA THOMPSON, CD DEBREY, LD LOVE, CM NUNAMAKER, RA PFADT, RE AF LOCKWOOD, JA THOMPSON, CD DEBREY, LD LOVE, CM NUNAMAKER, RA PFADT, RE TI PRESERVED GRASSHOPPER FAUNA OF KNIFE POINT GLACIER, FREMONT COUNTY, WYOMING, USA SO ARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB In 1987 and 1988, samples of preserved insects were extracted from the ice of Knife Point Glacier, Fremont County, Wyoming. The glacier lies at an altitude of 3500 m a.s.l. in the Shoshone National Forest, Wind River Range, and is known to contain preserved insects. Although the glacier has undergone extensive recession in the last 50 yr, some insect deposits are still embedded at 20 to 25 cm below the surface and perhaps much deeper. The frozen deposits appear to consist entirely of grasshoppers. A few, virtually intact, specimens and body parts were in a state of preservation that allowed their identification as Spharagemon campestris McNeil and Melanoplus spretus (Walsh) or M. sanguinipes (F.). The majority of the deposits consisted of partial bodies and isolated parts, including, in order of frequency: mandibles, tibiae, tentoria, femora, wings (primarily tegmina), and cingulae/epiphalli. Deposits from various depths and locations on the glacier were radiocarbon dated at 205 +/- 65 to 450 +/- 80 yr BP. Although access to the glacier is quite difficult, the insects are better preserved than any glacial deposit documented in recent history. Thus, the state of preservation and age of the frozen deposits would suggest that additional, intensive sampling may be valuable in obtaining information on the ecology of grasshoppers prior to European settlement of North America. C1 WESTERN WYOMING COMMUNITY COLL,WATER QUAL LAB,ROCK SPRINGS,WY 82902. USDA ARS,ANTHROPODBORNE ANIM DIS LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP LOCKWOOD, JA (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,DEPT PLANT SOIL & INSECT SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 SN 0004-0851 J9 ARCTIC ALPINE RES JI Arct. Alp. Res. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 23 IS 1 BP 108 EP 114 DI 10.2307/1551444 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA FB019 UT WOS:A1991FB01900015 ER PT J AU BERLIN, E JUDD, JT NAIR, PP JONES, DY TAYLOR, PR AF BERLIN, E JUDD, JT NAIR, PP JONES, DY TAYLOR, PR TI DIETARY-FAT AND HORMONAL INFLUENCES ON LIPOPROTEIN FLUIDITY AND COMPOSITION IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE DIETARY FAT; HORMONAL INFLUENCE; LIPOPROTEINS; LIPOPROTEIN COMPOSITION; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN ID LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; ISCHEMIC HEART-DISEASE; RABBIT PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; SERUM-LIPOPROTEINS; LIPID FLUIDITY; CHOLESTEROL; ESTROGEN; RATS; TRIGLYCERIDES; MENOPAUSE AB LDL and HDL became more fluid when healthy, free-living, premenopausal women were fed reduced fat diets with higher proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipoproteins were isolated from plasma of 31 female subjects fed one of two sets of diets from typical U.S.A. foods with P/S ratios of 0.3 or 1.0. All subjects were fed high-fat diets (40% of energy) for the duration of four menstrual cycles followed by low-fat diets (20% of energy) for the next four cycles. Blood samples were collected during mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases of the fourth menstrual cycle of each diet period to assess interactive dietary and hormonal control of lipoprotein fluidity. LDL was significantly more fluid, as determined by DPH fluorescence, upon reducing fat consumption from 40 to 20% of energy for subjects eating foods with P/S = 1.0 or 0.3. Generally LDL was more fluid during the follicular phase than the luteal phase of the cycles, thus indicating hormonal influences on LDL fluidity. HDL results were similar but not as pronounced as with LDL. Lipoprotein phospholipid (PL) and cholesteryl ester (CE) fatty acyl compositions were also subject to dietary and hormonal influences. Effects were noted in several fatty acids depending upon diet and hormonal state; however, generally diet fat reduction resulted in reduced linoleate and increased oleate contents. Regression analyses showed that fluidity was more dependent upon the lipoprotein cholesterol content than upon fatty acyl composition. C1 NCI,DHHS,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,CANC PREVENT STUDIES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP BERLIN, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BLDG 308,ROOM 109,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD FEB PY 1991 VL 86 IS 2-3 BP 95 EP 110 DI 10.1016/0021-9150(91)90206-I PG 16 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA FC471 UT WOS:A1991FC47100001 PM 1872920 ER PT J AU NALEPA, CA JONES, SC AF NALEPA, CA JONES, SC TI EVOLUTION OF MONOGAMY IN TERMITES SO BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS OF THE CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOCERCUS-PUNCTULATUS SCUDDER; PATERNAL INVESTMENT; ISOPTERA; DICTYOPTERA; COLONY; REPRODUCTION; COCKROACH; INSECTS; URATES C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,GULFPORT,MS 39505. RP NALEPA, CA (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 94 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0006-3231 J9 BIOL REV JI Biol. Rev. Cambridge Philosophic. Soc. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 66 IS 1 BP 83 EP 97 DI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1991.tb01136.x PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA FB597 UT WOS:A1991FB59700004 ER PT J AU SHORT, EC GEISERT, RD HELMER, SD ZAVY, MT FULTON, RW AF SHORT, EC GEISERT, RD HELMER, SD ZAVY, MT FULTON, RW TI EXPRESSION OF ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY AND INDUCTION OF 2',5'-OLIGOADENYLATE SYNTHETASE BY CONCEPTUS SECRETORY PROTEINS ENRICHED IN BOVINE TROPHOBLAST PROTEIN-1 SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID OVINE ENDOMETRIAL CELLS; INTRAUTERINE INFUSION; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS; CORPUS-LUTEUM; INTERESTROUS INTERVAL; HUMAN INTERFERON; ESTROUS-CYCLE; PREGNANCY; INVITRO; SHEEP AB Establishment of pregnancy in cattle has been proposed to depend on production of a conceptus protein, bovine trophoblast protein-1 (bTP-1), which has a high degree of sequence homology with bovine interferon-alpha (bIFN-alpha), especially the alpha II subfamily. A preparation of bovine conceptus secretory proteins enriched for bTP-1 has antiviral and physico-chemical properties similar to other bIFN-alpha. Antiviral activity is initially detectable in uterine flushings on Day 14 of pregnancy, when the conceptus measures 4-5 mm in length, and increases as the conceptus elongates through Day 18. Day 17 conceptuses produce more than 10(6) U antiviral activity during 24 h of culture. All IFNs induce the enzyme 2',5'- oligoadenylate synthetase, which catalyzes production of 2',5'-oligo(A), which in turn is involved in antiviral and growth inhibitory effects of IFNs. This enzyme activity is induced in Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells by the partially purified bTP-1 preparation similarly to IFN-alpha, -beta, and -gamma. Likewise, the partially purified bTP-1 and bIFN-alpha-I induce 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase activity in monolayers of endometrial epithelial and stromal cells. Compared to epithelial cells, stromal cells have higher baseline activity of 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase activity (p < 0.01) and show a greater degree of induction in the presence of either the partially purified bTP-1 or bIFN-alpha-I (p < 0.01). Also, 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase of endometrial stromal cells is induced to a greater degree by our enriched bTP-1 preparation than by bIFN-alpha-I (p < 0.01). Endometrial 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase activity increases markedly on Day 18 postestrus in the uterine horn ipsilateral to the CL, lagging by about 1-2 days the dramatic increase in intrauterine antiviral activity. By contrast, endometrial 2',5'-oligo(A) synthetase activity remains low throughout the estrous cycle. These data suggest that the 2',5'-oligo(A) system, which is an important mediator of IFN actions, may be involved in mediating the effect of bTP-1 on uterine function of the cow. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET PARASITOL MICROBIOL & PUBL HLTH,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA ARS,EL RENO,OK 73036. RP SHORT, EC (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYSIOL SCI,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. OI Helmer, Stephen/0000-0002-8760-7950 NR 53 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 44 IS 2 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1095/biolreprod44.2.261 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ET529 UT WOS:A1991ET52900008 PM 2009328 ER PT J AU LESHIN, LS KINEMAN, RD CRIM, JW RAMPACEK, GB KRAELING, RR AF LESHIN, LS KINEMAN, RD CRIM, JW RAMPACEK, GB KRAELING, RR TI IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF LUTEINIZING-HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE WITHIN THE OLFACTORY-BULB OF PIGS SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID VOMERONASAL SYSTEM; NERVUS TERMINALIS; LHRH-SYSTEMS; RAT; NEURONS; BRAIN; BOAR; INVOLVEMENT; STEROIDS; PUBERTY AB LHRH was immunocytochemically localized within the olfactory bulb of prepubertal (n = 3), ovariectomized (n = 3), and hypophyseal-stalk-transected (HST) female pigs (n = 3). Perikarya of LHRH-immunoreactive neurons of all pigs were sparsely distributed mostly in the rostral half of the olfactory bulb, along the ventromedial and ventrolateral edge of the olfactory nerve layer, or at its interace with the glomerular layer. Processes from these cells and other LHRH containing axons either entered individual glomeruli forming a network within its interior or coursed around glomeruli penetrating into the external granular layers. Additional fibers penetrated into similar regions of the accessory olfactory bulb. Irregularly shaped perikarya were also detected within the internal granular layer of the ventral olfactory bulb, but only in tissue from HST pigs. From analysis of serial sections, there was no evidence of LHRH projections across the olfactory peduncle that connects the olfactory bulb with adjacent brain regions. If olfactory LHRH neurons are involved in reproductive behavior and physiology in the pig this pathway involves additional unidentified intervening neurons. Endocrine factors probably influence the expression of immunoreactive LHRH in the internal granule layer, since their presence was revealed only in HST pigs. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT DAIRY SCI, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT ZOOL, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. RP USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, ANIM SCI RES UNIT, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. RI Kineman, Rhonda/H-2221-2011 OI Kineman, Rhonda/0000-0001-7322-1152 NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1691 MONROE ST,SUITE # 3, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 EI 1529-7268 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 44 IS 2 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.1095/biolreprod44.2.299 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ET529 UT WOS:A1991ET52900013 PM 2009331 ER PT J AU WISE, T STONE, RT VERNON, MW AF WISE, T STONE, RT VERNON, MW TI RELATIONSHIPS OF SERUM ESTRIOL, CORTISOL AND ALBUMIN CONCENTRATIONS WITH PIG-WEIGHT AT 110 DAYS OF GESTATION AND AT BIRTH SO BIOLOGY OF THE NEONATE LA English DT Article DE ESTRIOL; CORTISOL; ALBUMIN ID INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; HUMAN PLACENTAL-LACTOGEN; ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN; FETAL WEIGHT; PREGNANCY; SWINE AB In polytocous species, animals with reduced birth weights are associated with reduced neonatal survival, which may be related to substandard placental function. At 110 days of gestation (n = 84) and at birth (approximately 114 days, n = 193), fetal pigs were bled and weighed, so that indexes of placental function (estriol), fetal stress (cortisol), and fetal growth (albumin) could be related to fetal development. Concentration of estriol at birth or 110 days of gestation was not linearly related to weight of pig. Pig serum albumin was linearly related to pig weight and increased as body weight increased (p < 0.05). In blood from pigs sampled at birth, cortisol concentrations significantly decreased as body weight increased (p < 0.05). C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,ALBERT B CHANDLER MED CTR,CTR REPROD MED,LEXINGTON,KY 40536. RP WISE, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,BOX 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0006-3126 J9 BIOL NEONATE JI Biol. Neonate PD FEB PY 1991 VL 59 IS 2 BP 114 EP 119 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FD521 UT WOS:A1991FD52100008 PM 2036468 ER PT J AU VAUGHN, JL WEISS, SA AF VAUGHN, JL WEISS, SA TI FORMULATING MEDIA FOR THE CULTURE OF INSECT CELLS SO BIOPHARM-THE TECHNOLOGY & BUSINESS OF BIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article ID HELIOTHIS C1 GIBCO BRL LIFE TECHNOL INC,CELL CULTURE RES & DEV,GRAND ISL,NY. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS PI DULUTH PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 SN 1040-8304 J9 BIOPHARM-TECHNOL BUS JI Biopharm-Technol. Bus. Biopharm. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 4 IS 2 BP 16 EP 19 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA FW595 UT WOS:A1991FW59500003 ER PT J AU BOYCE, SG AF BOYCE, SG TI THE GOOD OLD NEW FORESTRY SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP BOYCE, SG (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM STUDIES,USDA,FOREST SERV,DURHAM,NC 27706, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 1991 VL 41 IS 2 BP 67 EP 67 DI 10.2307/1311555 PG 1 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA EU719 UT WOS:A1991EU71900002 ER PT J AU VANCLEVE, K CHAPIN, FS DYRNESS, CT VIERECK, LA AF VANCLEVE, K CHAPIN, FS DYRNESS, CT VIERECK, LA TI ELEMENT CYCLING IN TAIGA FORESTS - STATE-FACTOR CONTROL SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERIOR ALASKA; ECOSYSTEMS; GROWTH; SOIL; NITRIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; PHOSPHORUS; SUCCESSION; SEEDLINGS; BIOMASS C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT INTEGRAT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP VANCLEVE, K (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,AGR & FORESTRY EXPT STN,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 53 TC 170 Z9 171 U1 6 U2 20 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD FEB PY 1991 VL 41 IS 2 BP 78 EP 88 DI 10.2307/1311560 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA EU719 UT WOS:A1991EU71900008 ER PT J AU DELOACH, JR DROLESKEY, RE ANDREWS, K AF DELOACH, JR DROLESKEY, RE ANDREWS, K TI ENCAPSULATION BY HYPOTONIC DIALYSIS IN HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES - A DIFFUSION OR ENDOCYTOSIS PROCESS SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARRIER-ERYTHROCYTES; METHOTREXATE; GHOSTS; ENTRAPMENT; CATTLE; CELLS RP DELOACH, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0885-4513 J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 13 IS 1 BP 72 EP 82 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA EW559 UT WOS:A1991EW55900008 PM 2054104 ER PT J AU RUSSIN, WA CLAYTON, MK DURBIN, RD AF RUSSIN, WA CLAYTON, MK DURBIN, RD TI MODELING NONEXPONENTIAL GROWTH OF A SHORT-CYCLING PLANT, TAGETES-ERECTA (ASTERACEAE) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE MARIGOLD; PLASTOCHRON INDEX; LOG-QUADRATIC MODEL ID PLASTOCHRON INDEX; EPILOBIUM PHYLLOTAXY; LYCOPERSICON; LEAF AB A method for establishing a plastochron index was developed as part of an analysis of the growth pattern of Tagetes erecta 'Moonshot' plants. Both log-linear and log-quadratic equations were fitted to balanced sets of leaf-length data. Although the log-linear model fit the data, the log-quadratic model consistently provided a better fit. Slope values and length of plastochron from both models were compared versus leaf and plant number. An analysis of variance showed that overall, the leaves grew at different rates and were initiated at different intervals. However, leaves 2-4 on each plant fulfilled the criteria for establishment of a leaf plastochron index and can be considered developmentally equivalent. The method presented herein is not only statistically appropriate but also most accurately represents growth of T. erecta. This method also should be useful where development of a plastochron index for rapidly growing plants is desired, and it may be applicable to plant growth studies in general. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT STAT,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,PLANT DIS RESISTANCE UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 69 IS 2 BP 316 EP 320 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FC984 UT WOS:A1991FC98400011 ER PT J AU COHEN, WB OMI, PN AF COHEN, WB OMI, PN TI WATER-STRESS EFFECTS ON HEATING-RELATED WATER TRANSPORT IN WOODY-PLANTS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PERMEABILITY; TRANSPIRATION; DIFFUSION; CUTICLES; SPREAD; RATES; FIRE AB Effects of drought-induced water stress on heating-related water transport in three woody plants is examined. By comparing residual water in intact and detached branch tips after heating in a specially designed tree branch calorimeter, and also the energy absorbed during heating, we illustrate that water is transported to heated branch material from unheated material. Similarly, we demonstrate that the amount of water transported is at least partly a function of plant water stress. The implication is that crown fire models do not adequately account for all water vaporized during heating of woody plant crowns. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST & WOOD SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP COHEN, WB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 21 IS 2 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1139/x91-024 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EX335 UT WOS:A1991EX33500007 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, DP SHEETS, CJ AF ROBERTS, DP SHEETS, CJ TI CARBOHYDRATE NUTRITION OF ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE ATCC-39978 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE GLYCOSIDASES; NUTRITION ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; RHIZOSPHERE; PYTHIUM; RICE AB Utilization of carbohydrate and production of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes by the plant beneficial bacterium Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 39978 was studied. Enterobacter cloacae did not grow on any of the carbohydrate polymers supplied as carbon and energy sources. However, E. cloacae did grow on all the mono- and oligo-saccharides and beta-glucosides tested, with the exceptions of D-arabinose and D-fucose. No carbohydrate depolymerase activities were detected in culture supernatants from E. cloacae. In contrast, a number of glycosidase activities including beta-glucosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and beta-xylosidase were detected. Carbohydrate inhibition experiments suggested that two different beta-glucosidases were produced. RP ROBERTS, DP (reprint author), USDA,INST PLANT SCI,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 37 IS 2 BP 168 EP 170 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA FE805 UT WOS:A1991FE80500013 ER PT J AU SIMPSON, DG GUO, S SACKS, J BIETZ, JA HUEBNER, F NELSEN, T AF SIMPSON, DG GUO, S SACKS, J BIETZ, JA HUEBNER, F NELSEN, T TI RELATING CHROMATOGRAPHIC DATA TO MEASUREMENTS OF WHEAT QUALITY - CASE-STUDIES IN DIMENSION REDUCTION SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION; DURUM AB Fractionating wheat proteins by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography yields extremely complex chromatograms. The data they contain may relate to many characteristics of milled wheat such as the volume of a loaf of bread or the texture of the dough produced, but such relationships are not readily apparent from the raw data. We report our experiences with two dimension-reduction techniques that are widely cited in the chemometrics literature: principal component analysis and partial least squares (PLS). Each of these methods replaces the original observation vectors by weighted averages of their components, where the weights are selected according to a data-dependent criterion. The analysis proceeds by operating on these weighted averages rather than the original, high-dimensional data. In order to elucidate properties of significance tests and other inferences, we focus on the special case where only one factor is selected. We show how to use simulation to compute the appropriate significance level of the regression on the PLS scores. The common technique of using the F distribution to compute significance levels for PLS regression can be an extremely liberal procedure. The interpretation of PLS weights requires considerable care. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT STAT,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. UNIV ILLINOIS,INST ENVIRONM STUDIES,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. USDA ARS,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 10 IS 1-2 BP 155 EP 167 DI 10.1016/0169-7439(91)80045-R PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA FC580 UT WOS:A1991FC58000019 ER PT J AU PEKARY, AE LUKASKI, HC MENA, I HALL, C AF PEKARY, AE LUKASKI, HC MENA, I HALL, C TI ZINC-DEFICIENCY INHIBITS AND CALORIC RESTRICTION STIMULATES THE POSTTRANSLATIONAL PROCESSING OF THYROTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE PRECURSOR PEPTIDES IN MALE-RATS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,WADSWORTH VET ADM MED CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP A123 EP A123 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA ET786 UT WOS:A1991ET78600673 ER PT J AU OGUNWOLU, EO REAGAN, TE FLYNN, JL HENSLEY, SD AF OGUNWOLU, EO REAGAN, TE FLYNN, JL HENSLEY, SD TI EFFECTS OF DIATRAEA-SACCHARALIS (F) (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) DAMAGE AND STALK ROT FUNGI ON SUGARCANE YIELD IN LOUISIANA SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE SUGARCANE; SUGARCANE BORER; DIATRAEA-SACCHARALIS; STALK ROT; COLLETOTRICHUM-FALCATUM; CROP DAMAGE AB Actual or simulated sugar-cane borer (SCB), Diatraea saccharalis (F.), damage together with stalk rot (red rot, Colletotrichum falcatum Went, inclusive) infection resulted in reductions (16.6-32.9%) in sugar-cane plant-population density. Estimated yield losses caused by stalk rots in combination with SCB damage to standing cane were as much as 33.0% or 2.5 metric tonnes of sugar per hectare. The incidence of C. falcatum recovery from the external surfaces of bored and unbored stalks was similar, 59.5 versus 67.1%, respectively. In the internal cane tissues, however, this organism was detected in only 9.5% of the bored stalks and in none of the unbored stalks. These data indicated that SCB damage, to a small extent, assists the invasion of sugar-cane by C. falcatum and other stalk rot fungi. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. CROP GENET INT BV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70739. USDA,SEA,SUGARCANE FIELD RES LAB,HOUMA,LA 70361. RP OGUNWOLU, EO (reprint author), UNIV AGR MAKURDI,DEPT CROP PROD,PMB 2373,MAKURDI,NIGERIA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 10 IS 1 BP 57 EP 61 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(91)90027-O PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY343 UT WOS:A1991EY34300011 ER PT J AU BOYER, DG FELDHAKE, CM AF BOYER, DG FELDHAKE, CM TI DISTRIBUTIONS OF HORIZON-LIMITED DIRECT BEAM POTENTIAL RADIATION IN STEEP PASTURES SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE SOLAR RADIATION; SHADOWS; ENERGY BUDGET ID SOLAR-RADIATION AB Agricultural production from steep terrain is frequently limited to pasture systems, where forage harvesting is done by grazing animals. Intercepted solar radiation determines the energy available for forage production. A model was developed for estimating potential direct beam radiation in areas with a wide range of aspects, landscape positions, and various shadow sources. The model was applied to a small, steep pasture watershed in central Appalachia to determine the spatial distribution of potential direct beam radiation. Effective horizon was an important parameter affecting the energy budget of the study watershed. A simple means for estimating global radiation from the modelled potential direct beam radiation, given atmospheric transmissivity and cloudiness, was presented. When the proportion of global radiation that was diffuse radiation was increased the effective horizon was less important and the spatial variability of modelled radiation decreased. RP BOYER, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROCESSES JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 16 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1002/esp.3290160102 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA EV233 UT WOS:A1991EV23300001 ER PT J AU QUALLS, RG HAINES, BL AF QUALLS, RG HAINES, BL TI FLUXES OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC NUTRIENTS AND HUMIC SUBSTANCES IN A DECIDUOUS FOREST SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON; DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; FOREST FLOOR; HUMIC; IMMOBILIZATION; LEAF LITTER; THROUGHFALL ID CARBON; NITROGEN; SOIL; CHEMISTRY; ORIGIN AB We evaluated the importance of dissolved organic matter as a vehicle for the movement of N and P from the canopy and the forest floor into the mineral soil of a deciduous forest. We also examined the origin and nature of dissolved organic matter from the forest floor to see whether it was simply soluble plant material or highly humified matter. The average annual output from the forest floor in the form of dissolved organic matter was 18, 28, and 14% of the input in solid litterfall for C, N, and P, respectively. In throughfall, about half of the dissolved N and P was organic. But, in solution percolating from the forest floor, 94% of the N and 64% of the P was organic. Leaching from the forest floor was not a source of inorganic N and P for the mineral soil. Instead, the forest floor was a sink for the removal of these inorganic nutrients delivered in throughfall. Microbial immobilization was the most likely explanation for much of the inorganic nutrient removal. In contrast, the forest floor was an abundant contributor of N and P to the mineral soil in the form of dissolved, and possibly particulate, organic matter. Much of the dissolved organic matter entering the A horizon originated from the upper (Oa and Oe horizon) forest floor, but it was modified in several respects compared to the original soluble material. The solution percolating from the forest floor over most of the year was much richer in nitrogen, contained a much larger proportion of hydrophilic acids, and contained a much smaller proportion of carbohydrate-rich hydrophilic neutrals, than did the original water-extractable material in autumn litter. However, the fresh autumn litter did contain a similar proportion of soluble hydrophobic acids that resembled dissolved humic substances in several respects. Most of the flux of nitrogen from the forest floor to the A horizon was carried by humic substances and highly colored hydrophilic acids. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,INST ECOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BOT,ATHENS,GA 30602. US FOREST SERV,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763. NR 32 TC 307 Z9 351 U1 13 U2 83 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 1991 VL 72 IS 1 BP 254 EP 266 DI 10.2307/1938919 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EU723 UT WOS:A1991EU72300025 ER PT J AU VILLA, JD KOENIGER, N RINDERER, TE AF VILLA, JD KOENIGER, N RINDERER, TE TI OVERWINTERING OF AFRICANIZED, EUROPEAN, AND HYBRID HONEY-BEES IN GERMANY SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; APIS-MELLIFERA; HYBRIDS; OVERWINTERING ID APIS-MELLIFERA; ARGENTINA; AMERICAS; LIMITS AB The survival of Africanized honey bees, Apis mellifera L., in temperate regions was evaluated in Germany during the 1988-1989 winter. Africanized, local European, and Africanized x European colonies were started by queen introductions on 5 August, and all surviving colonies were depopulated on 21 February. Five of nine Africanized colonies had died by the end of the experiment, whereas all eight European and all five Africanized x European colonies survived. Brood production of the three genotypes declined from 18 August until 13 November with significant differences on two of the seven measurement dates. Brood areas were not different among surviving colonies that had resumed brood production by 21 February. Changes in total colony weights through time were not different. Significant differences were found in the rates of colony weight loss (kilograms total weight/average kilograms of adult bees*time) and in final adult population size. The higher attrition of worker populations and the higher mortality of Africanized colonies suggest a possible reduction of their adverse effect as their range expands northward temperate areas in the United States. The intermediate values for all characters in the Africanized x European colonies suggest that genes underlying overwintering characters are additive. This additivity will permit different levels of hybridization for different ecological zones, thus complicating predictions about absolute climatic limits. RP VILLA, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 39 EP 43 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY044 UT WOS:A1991EY04400006 ER PT J AU BAKER, JE WOO, SM THRONE, JE FINNEY, PL AF BAKER, JE WOO, SM THRONE, JE FINNEY, PL TI CORRELATION OF ALPHA-AMYLASE INHIBITOR CONTENT IN EASTERN SOFT WHEATS WITH DEVELOPMENT PARAMETERS OF THE RICE WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; WHEAT; AMYLASE INHIBITORS; MODELS ID SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE COLEOPTERA; PROTEIN INHIBITORS; PURIFICATION; STRAINS; INSECTS; KERNEL; FLOUR AB The alpha-amylase inhibitor content in saline extracts of 104 Eastern soft wheat cultivars was determined by assay against a purified alpha-amylase preparation from the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.). A two-fold range of inhibitor levels, expressed as amylase inhibitor units per gram of dry weight (AIU/g), was found across all cultivars. Inhibitory activity was lowest in cultivar 'Augusta' (5,084 +/- 124 AIU/g) and highest in cultivar 'Logan' (10,410 +/- 61 AIU/g). No correlation of inhibitor content with progeny production (r = -0.161) or rate of emergence (r = -0.292) was found among weevils reared on 30 cultivars having relatively low, medium, and high inhibitor levels, but there was a positive correlation between inhibitor content and average number of days to adult emergence (r = 0.569). Although mean development times were significantly different on cultivars with low and high AIU/g (35.9 +/- 0.2 and 36.6 +/- 0.1 d, respectively), the differences were only slight and indicated that, for these cultivars of soft wheats alpha-amylase inhibitors have little practical effect on initial population reductions. Nevertheless, based on a population model for S. oryzae developing on wheat at 25-degrees-C and 75% RH, the slight delay in mean development time (0.7 d) on cultivars with relatively high AIU/g results in a 20.9% reduction in total number of weevils after 180 d. Simulations also indicate that physical or biochemical resistance factors in wheat have to delay development time for about 6.2 d or reduce fecundity by about 40% to prevent wheat from being graded "weevily" 180 d after a single pair of weevils infests a hypothetical 6,000-bushel wheat bin. RP BAKER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY044 UT WOS:A1991EY04400009 ER PT J AU TILLMAN, PG POWELL, JE AF TILLMAN, PG POWELL, JE TI DEVELOPMENTAL TIME IN RELATION TO TEMPERATURE FOR MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES, M-DEMOLITOR, COTESIA-KAZAK (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE), AND HYPOSOTER-DIDYMATOR (HYMENOPTERA, ICHNEUMONIDAE), ENDOPARASITOIDS OF THE TOBACCO BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; TOBACCO BUDWORM; ENDOPARASITOIDS; DEVELOPMENTAL TIME ID HELIOTHIS AB Developmental times for the immature stages of four species of endoparasitoids of Heliothis virescens (F.), Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), M. demolitor Wilkinson, Cotesia kazak (Telenga), and Hyposoter didymator (Thunberg), were studied at 20, 23, 25, 27, 30, 32, and 35-degrees-C. The responses of M. croceipes and H. didymator to increases in temperature were significantly different from each other (P < 0.05; F = 39.47; df = 1, 18) and from the other two parasitoid species, but the responses of C. kazak and M. demolitor were not significantly different (P > 0.05; F = 0.58; df = 1, 18). The developmental temperature optima were 33-degrees-C for M. croceipes, 31-degrees-C for C. kazak and M. demolitor, and 29-degrees-C for H. didymator. C1 USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY044 UT WOS:A1991EY04400010 ER PT J AU LENSSEN, AW SORENSEN, EL POSLER, GL BLODGETT, SL AF LENSSEN, AW SORENSEN, EL POSLER, GL BLODGETT, SL TI DEPRESSION OF FORAGE QUALITY OF ALFALFA LEAVES AND STEMS BY ACYRTHOSIPHON-KONDOI (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HOST PLANT RESISTANCE; MONOPHENOLICS; ACYRTHOSIPHON-KONDOI ID BLUE-GREEN APHID; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; MORPHOLOGICAL STAGE; HERBAGE QUALITY; DRY-MATTER; CELL-WALL; DIGESTIBILITY; DIGESTION; LUCERNE; RESISTANCE AB Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shiniji is a major pest of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Susceptible seedling plants are killed by A. kondoi, and established plants suffer yield loss by stunting. Information is meager on the influence of A. kondoi infestation or host plant resistance on forage quality of alfalfa leaves and stems. In a controlled environment, the forage quality (including phenolic monomers) of alfalfa germplasms KS153P4 and KS153BA3P4 (susceptible and resistant to A. kondoi, respectively) with and without A. kondoi infestation was compared. Leaves infested with A. kondoi had lower concentrations of crude protein and true in vitro digestible dry matter (TIVDDM) than uninfested leaves of controls, but infested stems had higher crude protein concentration. Stems and leaves infested with A. kondoi had higher neutral detergent fiber concentrations than did those of uninfested controls. Infested stems of KS153BA3P4 had more syringic acid than did infested stems of KS153P4 and uninfested controls. However, A. kondoi infestation did not alter TIVDDM or digestible neutral detergent fiber of stems. The A. kondoi-resistant KS153BA3P4 had more neutral detergent fiber in leaves but lower TIVDDM and digestible neutral detergent fiber in stems than susceptible KS153P4. Infestation of alfalfa for short time periods by A. kondoi decreased the nutritive value of leaves and stems. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP LENSSEN, AW (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY044 UT WOS:A1991EY04400012 ER PT J AU FINCHER, GT AF FINCHER, GT TI SUSTAINED-RELEASE BOLUS FOR HORN FLY (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) CONTROL - EFFECTS OF METHOPRENE AND DIFLUBENZURON ON SOME NONTARGET SPECIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SUSTAINED-RELEASE BOLUS; HORN FLY; NONTARGET SPECIES ID CATTLE AB Dung from cattle treated with sustained-release boluses containing either methoprene or diflubenzuron was bioassayed biweekly for 27 wk with the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L); two species of dung-burying beetles, Onthophagus gazella (F.) and Sisyphus rubrus Paschalidis; and two species of dung-inhabiting predators, Philonthus flavolimbatus Erichson and P. longicornis Clark. When reared on dung from a steer treated with the methoprene bolus, emergence of adult horn flies was reduced 37.5-99.4% during the first 25 wk and 8.3% at 27 wk when compared with emergence of horn flies reared on untreated dung. Adult horn fly emergence, when reared on dung from a steer that received the diflubenzuron bolus treatment, was reduced 82.9-100% over a 21-wk period, but there was no reduction at 27 wk. Emergence of adult O. gazella and S. rubrus from brood balls made with dung from a steer treated with a diflubenzuron bolus was reduced for 7 wk after treatment. Dung from the methoprene-treated animal had no apparent effect on the reproduction of either dung beetle species. There was no apparent effect on P. flavolimbatus and P. longicornis when reared on dung from steers treated with either methoprene or diflubenzuron. RP FINCHER, GT (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,VET ENTOMOL RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 77 EP 82 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY044 UT WOS:A1991EY04400013 ER PT J AU HARRIS, EJ OLALQUIAGA, G AF HARRIS, EJ OLALQUIAGA, G TI OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) IN DESERT AREAS IN CHILE AND PERU SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; DISTRIBUTION SOUTH-AMERICA ID HAWAII; FLIES AB The occurrence and distribution of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in desert areas near the Peru-Chilean border were monitored with protein- and trimedlure-baited traps. The results showed a distinct pattern of increase and decline related to C. capitata population trends in Tacna Valley, Peru. C. capitata was most abundant in the Aeropuerto frontier location and the inland Gallinazo location. All frontier locations showed similar seasonal population trends and yearly variation in total catches between trap sites related to long-range fly movement. The synchronous population dispersal pattern of males and females suggests it is an important survival behavior mechanism for C. capitata populations in the arid areas of Chile and Peru. RP HARRIS, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96804, USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 174 EP 178 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY044 UT WOS:A1991EY04400027 ER PT J AU FISHER, JR SUTTER, GR BRANSON, TF AF FISHER, JR SUTTER, GR BRANSON, TF TI INFLUENCE OF CORN PLANTING DATE ON THE SURVIVAL AND ON SOME REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; REPRODUCTION; PLANTING DATES ID ROOTWORMS COLEOPTERA; CONTROLLED INFESTATIONS; BARBERI COLEOPTERA; WESTERN; EGGS AB The effects of three different planting dates of corn and three times of infestation on the survival and subsequent fecundity, egg viability, and longevity of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte were examined under field conditions in eastern South Dakota. Earlier planting and infesting dates resulted in greater survival of adults. Male-female survivorship was affected by the treatments because only the second infestation date, despite planting date, produced a 1:1 male/female sex ratio. When corn was planted and infested at the same time on the first or third date, the sex ratios were 1:1.5 and 2:1, respectively. Female longevity was significantly affected by the latest corn planting and infestation treatment. The various treatments had little effect on fecundity of individual adults derived from the treatment plots or on the viability of their eggs. RP FISHER, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 185 EP 189 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY044 UT WOS:A1991EY04400029 ER PT J AU NARANJO, SE AF NARANJO, SE TI MOVEMENT OF CORN-ROOTWORM BEETLES, DIABROTICA-SPP (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE), AT CORNFIELD BOUNDARIES IN RELATION TO SEX, REPRODUCTIVE STATUS, AND CROP PHENOLOGY SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CORN ROOTWORMS; DISPERSAL; TRAPPING ID HOST PLANT PHENOLOGY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BARBERI COLEOPTERA; ADULT NORTHERN; FIELD CORN; FLIGHT; OVIPOSITION; FOOD AB Canopy and bidirectional Malaise traps were used to estimate the flight activity of northern corn rootworms, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, and western corn rootworms, D. virgifera virgifera LeConte, above the plant canopy and at the lateral boundaries of cornfields. Capture of beetles in both types of traps was greatest during pre- and post-flowering intervals, particularly for northern corn rootworms, indicating increased flight activity in response to changes in habitat quality. Based on comparison of ratios of northern/western corn rootworms in the field with those ratios in traps, northern corn rootworm beetles were generally more active at field boundaries than western corn rootworm. There were marked differences in flight activity between males and females and between reproductively immature and mature females of both species. In general, Malaise traps captured a greater number of males and canopy traps a greater number of females in relation to their abundances in source fields. In comparison with source field populations, a greater number of western, but not northern, corn rootworm females captured in canopy traps had immature ovaries, suggesting that vertical movement may represent the initiation of migratory flight. Bidirectional trap results suggest that northern corn rootworm females move from cornfields when silks and pollen become unavailable and later return to fields for oviposition. Comparison of field data with computer simulations for both species suggested that there was substantial emigration from the early-planted field and that most of the beetles in the late-planted field were immigrants. Seasonal trends in flight activity tend to reflect these patterns; however, data from bidirectional Malaise traps.failed to provide strong evidence of greater emigration over immigration in the early-planted field or an opposite trend in the late-planted field. Overall, flight activity measured in passive traps at field boundaries may be a poor index of site-specific patterns of beetle movement, especially for western corn rootworms. C1 USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. NR 30 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 230 EP 240 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY044 UT WOS:A1991EY04400036 ER PT J AU PECORA, P PEMBERTON, RW STAZI, M JOHNSON, GR AF PECORA, P PEMBERTON, RW STAZI, M JOHNSON, GR TI HOST SPECIFICITY OF SPURGIA-ESULAE GAGNE (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE), A GALL MIDGE INTRODUCED INTO THE UNITED-STATES FOR CONTROL OF LEAFY SPURGE (EUPHORBIA-ESULA-L COMPLEX) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SPURGIA-ESULAE; EUPHORBIA-SPP; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AB Spurgia esulae Gagne (= Bayeria capitigena Bremi of Solinas & Pecora), a multivoltine gall midge recorded on Euphorbia esula in Italy, was selected as a candidate for the biological control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L. "complex") in North America. Its potential host range was studied in 1982 at Rome, Italy, and in 1984 at Albany, Calif., using populations associated with Euphorbia esula from San Rossore near Pisa, Italy. Of 56 plant species or varieties in 22 families tested at the Rome laboratory, the midge oviposited and completed its life cycle only on plants in the genus Euphorbia (subgenus Esula). In the tests conducted in Rome, complete development occurred on five populations of North American leafy spurge (from Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon, and Saskatchewan) and on European E. peplus L., E. cyparissias L., E. myrsinites L., E. characias L., E. serrulata Thuillier, and on E. lathyris L. from Chico and Castro Valley, Calif. Of 12 native North American Euphorbia species tested at Albany in 1984, four species in the subgenus Esula (E. incisa Engelmann, E. palmeri Engelmann, E. robusta (Engelmann) Small, and E. spathulata De Lamarck) supported the complete development of S. esulae. The restricted host range suggested use of this midge as a biological control agent against leafy spurge in North America. Release of S. esulae were made in Montana in 1985 and in North Dakota in 1986; this species became established in both states. C1 USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL WEEDS LAB EUROPE,ROME,ITALY. USDA ARS,ASIAN PARASITE LAB,SEOUL,SOUTH KOREA. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,PLANT PROTECT & QUARANTINE PROGRAMS,BIOL CONTROL WEEDS LAB,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 282 EP 287 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY044 UT WOS:A1991EY04400042 ER PT J AU HOPPER, KR POWELL, JE KING, EG AF HOPPER, KR POWELL, JE KING, EG TI SPATIAL DENSITY DEPENDENCE IN PARASITISM OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) BY MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) IN THE FIELD SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; PARASITOID; SEARCH; DENSITY DEPENDENCE ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FUNCTIONAL RESPONSES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; INSECT PARASITES; HOST DENSITY; AGGREGATION; MODELS; COTTON; STABILITY; PREDATORS AB A field experiment addressed four questions concerning the interaction between Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) and Heliothis spp.: (1) what is the relation between the proportion of hosts parasitized and host density? (2) does this relation depend on the size of the areas (spatial scale) at which it is measured? (3) what is the relation between parasitoid search rate and host density? and (4) what is the relation between parasitoid distribution and host distribution? To answer these questions a cotton field was artificially infested with various densities of Heliothis virescens (F.). M. croceipes was released uniformly across the field. At the scale of 30 by 60 m plots, the proportion of hosts parasitized by M. croceipes (adjusted for competition with other parasitoid species) increased from 0.41 +/- 0.08 (xBAR +/- SE) to 0.60 +/- 0.06 as host density increased from 6,178 to 16,896 larvae/ha. The calculated search rate (area searched per parasitoid per unit time) of M. croceipes was independent of host density, and the density dependence in parasitism by M. croceipes could be explained completely by density dependence in adult female distribution. Natural populations of Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck and Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) parasitized 9 and 7%, respectively, of the hosts collected. At the scale of plots, parasitism by C. nigriceps increased with host density, but parasitism by C. marginiventris was independent of host density. At the scale of 1 by 2 m quadrats, parasitism by all species was independent of host density. We discuss the implications of these results for biological control of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea and for theories of parasitoid foraging and population regulation. C1 USDA ARS,SO FIELD CROP INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 59 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 292 EP 302 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY044 UT WOS:A1991EY04400044 ER PT J AU CENTER, TD WRIGHT, AD AF CENTER, TD WRIGHT, AD TI AGE AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WATER-HYACINTH (PONTEDERIACEAE) LEAVES DETERMINE THEIR ACCEPTABILITY TO NEOCHETINA-EICHHORNIAE (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; NEOCHETINA-EICHHORNIAE; PHENOLICS; PLANT ATTRACTANTS ID WATER-HYACINTH; ARGENTINA AB Behavior of the weevil Neochetina eichhorniae Warner, a specialist herbivore, varied with leaf age of waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach [Pontederiacease]). In the field, adult feeding decreased as the leaves aged. Accured feeding damage on 8-d-old leaves was only about 60% of the sum of two respective sets of 4-d-old leaves. Likewise, on 40-d-old leaves the accrued feeding damage was only 21% of that from 10 successive 4-d-old sets. Laboratory studies confirmed a preference for the youngest tissue available and discounted the influence of leaf arrangement. The weevils preferred unfurling bud leaves by a 5-fold margin over open immature leaves. Olfactometer studies showed a 2.4-fold greater attraction to young leaves than to mature leaves. Further, adult feeding exhibited under-dispersed patterns on young leaves but random distributions on old leaves. In contrast, a generalist, the yellow woollybear, Spilosoma virginica (F.), preferred mature waterhyacinth leaves and 14-d-old larvae weighed 85% less when provided young leaves instead of mature leaves. The youngest leaves were higher in N, P, K, and Mg, but low in Ca and Mn compared with older leaves. Total phenolics (compounds reduced by Folin reagent) were also highest in young tissue, but analyses of leaf extracts by thin-layer chromatography and high-performanance liquid chromatography showed lowest concentrations of phenolic compounds in the youngest leaves. These data suggest that natural plant products, not necessarily phenolics, attract the weevils to young tissue and stimulate them to feed, especially at sites of previous injury. These constituents also might deter generalists like S. virginica, forcing them to consume only mature foliage. C1 CSIRO,DIV ENTOMOL,INDOOROOPILLY,QLD 4068,AUSTRALIA. RP CENTER, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS,AQUAT PLANT MANAGEMENT,3205 COLL AVE,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314, USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 323 EP 334 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY044 UT WOS:A1991EY04400047 ER PT J AU MADDOX, DM JOLEY, DB MAYFIELD, A MACKEY, BE AF MADDOX, DM JOLEY, DB MAYFIELD, A MACKEY, BE TI IMPACT OF BANGASTERNUS-ORIENTALIS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) ON ACHENE PRODUCTION OF CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS (ASTERALES, ASTERACEAE) AT A LOW AND HIGH ELEVATION SITE IN CALIFORNIA SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; BANGASTERNUS-ORIENTALIS; CENTAUREA-SOLSTITIALIS; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID STARTHISTLE AB The efficacy of Bangasternus orientalis Capiomont against its host Centaurea solstitialis L. was determined at two different sites (low and high elevation) in California over a 2-yr period. Host plant and weevil phenology were delayed at the high elevation site. Consequently, the initiation of secondary flower buds (high elevation site) was extended well into November, long after the ovipositing adult weevil population had expired. More than 50% of the egg-bearing test heads did not become infested with mature pupae because of larval mortality. After seed reduction by the weevil, 70% of the seeds remained in the test heads. Our data suggest that B. orientalis appears to be ineffective by itself as a biological control agent of yellow starthistle in California. C1 CALIF DEPT FOOD & AGR,BIOL CONTROL,SACRAMENTO,CA 95832. USDA ARS,BIOMETR SERV,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP MADDOX, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT PROTECT RES,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 335 EP 337 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY044 UT WOS:A1991EY04400048 ER PT J AU POWELL, JE SCOTT, WP AF POWELL, JE SCOTT, WP TI SURVIVAL OF MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) IN CONTACT WITH RESIDUES OF INSECTICIDES ON COTTON SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES; INSECTICIDE RESIDUES; HELIOTHIS ID LARVAE AB Survival of Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) adults exposed to residues of insecticides applied at recommended rates to cotton was measured in 1989. In unsprayed check treatments, survival was 91.4% after 24 h. The organophosphates profenofos and acephate and the new-generation pyrethroid bifenthrin were highly toxic to M. croceipes. All other compounds tested showed some selectivity, including esfenvalerate, cypermethrin, thiodicarb, oxamyl, dicrotophos, dimethoate, and cyhalothrin in order of decreasing survival. The effectiveness of M. croceipes as a biocontrol agent of the bollworm and tobacco budworm might be improved through selective use of insecticides to which the parasitoid is tolerant. RP POWELL, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO FIELD CROP INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 346 EP 348 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY044 UT WOS:A1991EY04400050 ER PT J AU GROSS, HR CARPENTER, JE AF GROSS, HR CARPENTER, JE TI ROLE OF THE FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) PHEROMONE AND OTHER FACTORS IN THE CAPTURE OF BUMBLEBEES (HYMENOPTERA, APHIDAE) BY UNIVERSAL MOTH TRAPS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; BOMBUS-SPP; UNIVERSAL MOTH TRAP; ATTRACTION ID SEX-PHEROMONE; FIELD; CORN AB The International Pheromone Systems Universal moth trap (Unitrap), when baited with the pheromone of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), has intermittently been observed to capture large numbers of bumblebees in addition to fall armyworm males. Studies were undertaken in Graham County, N.C., in 1988 and 1989 to determine the contributing factors. Investigation revealed that the yellow color of the traps was attractive to bumblebees, but the color alone did not influence their subsequent movement into the trap and resulting capture. Fall armyworm pheromone alone, particularly when used in combination with a No-Pest resin strip containing dichlorovos insecticide (to kill trapped insects), significantly increased the capture of bumblebees in yellow Unitraps. The green Unitrap alone was totally unattractive to bumblebees. Unitraps captured the greatest number of bumblebees when positioned adjacent to, and at the same height as, pollinating corn tassels. The number of captured bumblebees declined progressively as Unitrap height was lowered at 1-meter intervals from 4 to 1 m. Eleven species of bumblebees were identified from Unitrap captures. Abundant early spring rainfall in 1989 appeared to be primarily responsible for substantial reductions in the number of ground-nesting species of bumblebees during the summer. RP GROSS, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 20 IS 1 BP 377 EP 381 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EY044 UT WOS:A1991EY04400055 ER PT J AU CAMERON, RG REGER, BJ AF CAMERON, RG REGER, BJ TI HYBRIDIZATION BARRIERS BETWEEN WHEAT AND RYE - INVITRO POLLEN ASSAYS AND ELECTROPHORETIC SURVEY SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; WHEAT; SECALE-CEREALE; RYE; HYBRIDIZATION; POLLEN-TUBE-GROWTH; WIDE-CROSSES ID RESOLUTION 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; TUBE GROWTH; SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; HORDEUM-BULBOSUM; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; NICOTIANA-ALATA; SECALE-CEREALE; CROSSABILITY; PROTEINS AB Five- to seven-day-old ovaries from Triticum aestivum vars Hope (non-crossable), Chinese Spring (CS, crossable) and the chromosomal substitution line Chinese Spring/Hope 5B (CS/H5B) were used to test the hypothesis that an ovarian substance inhibits rye (Secale cereale var Wrens) pollen tube growth. In vitro assays on a semi-solid medium demonstrated that a soluble, dialyzed lysate from Hope or CS/H5B ovaries inhibited rye pollen tube elongation significantly more than a similar lysate from CS ovaries (26%, 13% and 5% respectively compared to controls). When only the 20 longest tubes from each sample were included in the analysis the relationship was maintained (33%, 22% and 15% for Hope, CS/H5B and CS respectively). Heating the Hope lysate at 100-degrees-C for 10 min reduced the inhibition from 26% to 14% for all pollen tubes measured (n = 51 per sample) and from 33% to 20% when only the 20 longest pollen tubes per sample were analyzed. Isoelectric focusing followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis (IEF/SDS-PAGE) and non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (NEPHGE) revealed several differences in the polypeptide profiles of soluble lysates from vars Hope, CS and CS/H5B. While two striking differences were observed, a 50 kilodalton (kD) polypeptide with an isoelectric point (pI) of approximately 8.5 and 100 kD polypeptide (pI approximately 4) from CS lysates which were considerably reduced in lysates of Hope and CS/H5B, none were obviously associated with the Hope 5B chromosome and therefore cross-incompatibility. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD FEB PY 1991 VL 52 IS 3 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1007/BF00029390 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FA597 UT WOS:A1991FA59700002 ER PT J AU KIDAMBI, SP MAHAN, JR MATCHES, AG BINGHAM, ET AF KIDAMBI, SP MAHAN, JR MATCHES, AG BINGHAM, ET TI THERMAL-DEPENDENCE OF GLUTATHIONE-REDUCTASE IN ONE TETRAPLOID AND ITS NEAR-ISOGENIC DIPLOID ALFALFA SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE MEDICAGO-SATIVA; ALFALFA; LUCERNE; APPARENT KM; GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE; NEAR-ISOGENIC POPULATION; THERMAL KINETIC WINDOW ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; PROTEIN; PLOIDY; FORAGE; LEAVES; LEVEL AB A more thorough understanding of the biochemical basis of superior performance of one alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) genotype compared to another would expedite improvement in agronomically useful genotypes. Information on thermal dependence of glutathione reductase (GR, E.C. 1.6.4.2) in different ploidy levels of alfalfa is lacking. Our objective was to investigate the thermal dependency of GR in two genetically comparable populations of alfalfa at diploid and tetraploid levels. Thermal stability was similar for the enzyme from both populations, whereas variation was found for: i) the minimum apparent Km (0.53 and 4.14-mu-M NADPH), ii) the temperature at which the minimum apparent Km was observed (15 and 25-degrees-C), and iii) the thermal kinetic windows (TKW) (the temperature range over which the apparent Km is within 200% of the observed minimum Km, 5 and 20-degrees-C width) in diploid and tetraploid alfalfa, respectively. The TKW data suggest that the diploid can perform optimally under a narrower (i.e. smaller TKW) and lower range (i.e. the temperature at which the lowest Km was observed) of temperatures, whereas the tetraploid can perform optimally under a wider range (i.e. larger TKW) of temperatures. This finding is in agreement with previously published growth data on near-isogenic populations of diploid and tetraploid alfalfa. C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. RP KIDAMBI, SP (reprint author), TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT AGRON HORT & ENTOMOL,MAIL STOP 2122,LUBBOCK,TX 79409, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD FEB PY 1991 VL 52 IS 3 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1007/BF00029392 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FA597 UT WOS:A1991FA59700004 ER PT J AU WEN, FS SORENSEN, EL BARNETT, FL LIANG, GH AF WEN, FS SORENSEN, EL BARNETT, FL LIANG, GH TI CALLUS INDUCTION AND PLANT-REGENERATION FROM ANTHER AND INFLORESCENCE CULTURE OF SORGHUM SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE SORGHUM-BICOLOR L MOENCH; TISSUE CULTURE; CALLUS; HAPLOID ID BICOLOR L MOENCH; ALFALFA; TISSUE AB Twenty-five inbred lines, including grain and forage types from the USA and China, two hybrids, one Sorghum almum, and one Parasorghum (S. versicolor) were tested for their response to anther culture. Three nutrient media were effective in inducing anther calli from six cultivars (Xin White, TX 403-TSB, DDY Sommer Milo, TX 2779, Brawley, and Spur Federal) and one was effective for plant regeneration for one cultivar, Xin White. Averaged over media, callus induction frequency (number of calli per 100 anthers) was highest in cultivars Xin White and TX 403-TSB (6.7 and 3.9%, respectively). The means of cultivars for media C17-2 and Ms-t-z-2, 4.3 and 3.2%, respectively, were superior to that for medium 85D3-2 (0.1%). Expressed as an average of the six cultivars and three media the mean calli induction frequency was 2.6%; however, differential responses of genotype and medium were noted. Among the 10 regeneration media tested, medium MS-d-4 containing Murashige and Skoog basal components plus 2.0 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 2.5 mg/l kinetin was the most effective for plant regeneration. Numbers of albino plants and calli developing only roots increased directly with callus-induction time, whereas the frequency of plant regeneration decreased. Regenerated plants had varied numbers of chromosomes in root tip cells: 10, 15, 20, 40, and 60. The 29 regenerated plants that reached maturity, however, were highly fertile and contained only 10 bivalents in pollen mother cells. Normal chromosome number and behavior for the regenerated plants suggest that induced calli originated from cells other than microspores. However, spontaneous chromosome doubling in microspore-derived haploids may occur. The appearance of albinos also implies that haploids may have been produced from anther culture. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP WEN, FS (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD FEB PY 1991 VL 52 IS 3 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1007/BF00029394 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FA597 UT WOS:A1991FA59700006 ER PT J AU ZARLENGA, DS MCMANUS, DP FAN, PC CROSS, JH AF ZARLENGA, DS MCMANUS, DP FAN, PC CROSS, JH TI CHARACTERIZATION AND DETECTION OF A NEWLY DESCRIBED ASIAN TAENIID USING CLONED RIBOSOMAL DNA FRAGMENTS AND SEQUENCE AMPLIFICATION BY THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASIAN TAENIA; TAIWAN TAENIA; TAENIA-SAGINATA; CESTODE; DNA RESTRICTION FRAGMENT; RECOMBINANT DNA; DNA DIAGNOSIS; ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP); DEOXYCYTIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE (DCTP); DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA); POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR); RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA); RESTRICTION FRAGMENT-LENGTH POLYMORPHISM (RFLP); RIBOSOMAL DNA (RDNA); RIBOSOMAL RNA (RIBOSOMAL-RNA); SALINE SODIUM CITRATE (SSC); SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE (SDS) ID ECHINOCOCCUS-GRANULOSUS; CLONING; GENE; RNA; HYBRIDIZATION; PLASMIDS; CESTODES; STRAIN C1 QUEENSLAND INST MED RES,TROP HLTH PROGRAM,HERSTON,QLD 4006,AUSTRALIA. NATL YANG MING MED COLL,DEPT PARASITOL,TAIPEI,TAIWAN. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,SCH MED,BETHESDA,MD 20705. RP ZARLENGA, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI McManus, Donald/G-2678-2013 NR 34 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 72 IS 2 BP 174 EP 183 DI 10.1016/0014-4894(91)90135-J PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA EY211 UT WOS:A1991EY21100006 PM 1672653 ER PT J AU ARNOLD, M SELL, J FEIST, WC AF ARNOLD, M SELL, J FEIST, WC TI WOOD WEATHERING IN FLUORESCENT ULTRAVIOLET AND XENON ARC CHAMBERS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STAINS AB The artificial weathering of five woods species was compared in a modified fluorescent ultraviolet light and xenon arc accelerated-weathering chambers. Both chambers were equipped with water spray as part of the accelerated-weathering cycle. We measured and compared wood surface erosion on unfinished specimens of four softwoods and one hardwood after exposure to 2,400 hours of accelerated weathering. Very similar effects were seen for the two chambers. Our study confirmed the importance of a water spray system that simulates rainfall and washing action on the wood surface in the accelerated-weathering process. This system is indispensable for obtaining characteristic wood weathering degradation and significant wood surface erosion as seen with natural weathering. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP ARNOLD, M (reprint author), SWISS FED LAB MAT TESTING & RES,WOOD SECT,UEBERLANDSTR 129,CH-8600 DUBENDORF,SWITZERLAND. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 41 IS 2 BP 40 EP 44 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA EY294 UT WOS:A1991EY29400008 ER PT J AU BRUCE, A HIGHLEY, TL AF BRUCE, A HIGHLEY, TL TI CONTROL OF GROWTH OF WOOD DECAY BASIDIOMYCETES BY TRICHODERMA SPP AND OTHER POTENTIALLY ANTAGONISTIC FUNGI SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZING COMMENSAL FUNGI; TREATED DISTRIBUTION POLES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HARZIANUM AB Isolates of Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Aspergillus were tested against Trametes versicolor and Neolentinus lepideus by agar interaction tests and by measuring the toxicity of culture filtrates. Some isolates were able to overgrow and kill both of the decay fungi in agar culture but others were totally ineffective. Although the filtrate from most isolates produced some growth inhibition of the two target fungi, the extent of the control varied widely. Three fungi that produced the greatest inhibitory effects (two Trichoderma and one Aspergillus isolate) were subsequently tested against a range of brown- and white-rot Basidiomycetes. The filtrates of all three isolates produced varying degrees of inhibition against each of the Basidiomycetes. However, the Aspergillus filtrate generally produced greater inhibition and was more effective against the white-rot Basidiomycetes. The implications of the results on the testing and use of nondecay antagonistic fungi for the biological control of wood decay are discussed. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP BRUCE, A (reprint author), DUNDEE INST TECHNOL,MICROBIOL,BELL ST,DUNDEE DD1 1HG,SCOTLAND. NR 37 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 41 IS 2 BP 63 EP 67 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA EY294 UT WOS:A1991EY29400013 ER PT J AU GOFF, SA CONE, KC FROMM, ME AF GOFF, SA CONE, KC FROMM, ME TI IDENTIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS IN THE MAIZE TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR C1 - COMPARISON OF WILD-TYPE AND DOMINANT INHIBITOR PROTEINS SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE ANTHOCYANINS; TRANSACTIVATION; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATORS; DOMINANT INHIBITION ID MYB PROTO-ONCOGENE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ZEA-MAYS; DNA-BINDING; RECOGNITION HELIX; V-MYB; YEAST; REPRESSOR; CELLS AB Genes encoding fusions between the maize regulatory protein C1 and the yeast transcriptional activator GAL4 and mutant C1 proteins were assayed for their ability to trans-activate anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in intact maize tissues. The putative DNA-binding region of C1 fused to the transcriptional activation domain of GAL4 activated transcription of anthocyanin structural gene promoters in c1 aleurones, c1 Rscm2 embryos, and c1 r embryogenic callus. Cells receiving these constructs accumulated purple anthocyanin pigments. The C1 acidic region fused to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain activated transcription of a GAL4-regulated promoter. An internal deletion of C1 also induced pigmentation; however, frameshifts in either the amino-terminal basic or carboxy-terminal acidic region blocked trans-activation, and the latter generated a dominant inhibitory protein. Fusion constructs between the wild-type C1 cDNA and the dominant inhibitor allele C1-I cDNA were used to identify the amino acid changes in C1 responsible for the C1-I inhibitory phenotype. Results from these studies establish that amino acids within the myb-homologous domain are critical for transcriptional activation. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV MISSOURI,DIV BIOL SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 71 TC 116 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 6 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 5 IS 2 BP 298 EP 309 DI 10.1101/gad.5.2.298 PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA EX518 UT WOS:A1991EX51800014 PM 1995419 ER PT J AU LAMKEY, KR PETERSON, PA HALLAUER, AR AF LAMKEY, KR PETERSON, PA HALLAUER, AR TI FREQUENCY OF THE TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT UQ IN IOWA STIFF STALK SYNTHETIC MAIZE POPULATIONS SO GENETICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RECIPROCAL RECURRENT SELECTION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; QUANTITATIVE VARIATION; HYBRID DYSGENESIS; MOLECULAR-MODEL; P-ELEMENTS; ZEA-MAYS; GENE; TRANSPOSITION; SYSTEM AB The Uq transposable element is one of two transposable elements consistently found in maize (Zea mays L.) populations. Populations developed from two independent recurrent selection programs initiated in the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) maize population were tested for the frequency of Uq transposable elements to determine how Uq frequency has changed with cycles of recurrent selection. In the first programme, 13 cycles of half-sib and S2 progeny recurrent selection [BSSS(S)C13] have been completed and 10 of the 13 cycles were assayed for active Uq elements. In the second programme, 11 cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection [BSSS(R)C11] have been completed and five of the 11 cycles were assayed for active Uq elements. The frequency of Uq was different for the two recurrent-selection programmes. The percentage of plants containing active Uq elements increased from 19% (BSSS) to 91% [BSSS(S)C13] at a linear rate after 13 cycles of half-sib and S2 progeny recurrent selection, whereas the percentage of plants containing active Uq elements decreased from 19% (BSSS) to 0% [BSSS(R)C11] after 11 cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection, with extinction of the Uq element occurring between the fifth and sixth cycles of selection. Our data suggest that the increase in frequency of Uq with half-sib and S2 progeny recurrent selection was predominantly due to random genetic drift coupled with a selective advantage possible associated with a region of the genome linked to Uq. Neither replicative transposition or chromosome assortment and segregation can be invoked to explain the change in frequency of Uq in these populations. The extinction of Uq after reciprocal recurrent selection was best explained by random genetic drift. RP LAMKEY, KR (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,CEREAL & SOYBEAN IMPROVEMENT RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 31 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0016-6723 J9 GENET RES JI Genet. Res. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 57 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA FE839 UT WOS:A1991FE83900001 ER PT J AU KUO, M HSE, CY HUANG, DH AF KUO, M HSE, CY HUANG, DH TI ALKALI TREATED KRAFT LIGNIN AS A COMPONENT IN FLAKEBOARD RESINS SO HOLZFORSCHUNG LA English DT Article DE ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS; KRAFT LIGNIN; NMR SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROXYMETHYLATION; PHENOLIC RESIN; FLAKEBOARD; SWEETGUM AB Southern pine kraft lignin was reacted with NaOH (15 and 20% based on dry lignin) at 170, 200, and 250-degrees-C for 30 and 60 min. Sweetgum flakeboards bonded with phenolic resins containing 50% hydroxymethylated lignin prepared from some of the alkali treated lignins were compared with boards bonded with a neat PF resin. Results indicate that boards bonded with lignin-containing resins have a satisfactory bending strength. Boards bonded with resins prepared by reacting lignins with phenol and formaldehyde have better internal bond strength and durability than those bonded with lignin-extended resins. However, there is no evident advantage in using alkali treated lignin in the manufacture of phenol-lignin-formaldehyde resins for flakeboard application. NMR spectral analyses indicated that the phenolic hydroxyl content of alkali treated lignins increases with increasing severity of reaction condition. The increase in the phenolic hydroxyl content, however, is accompanied by a decrease in free C5 positions in the guaiacyl moieties due to the formation of GC5-C5G and GC5-CH2-C5G bonds during the reaction. Because of condensation of C5 positions, the degree of hydroxymethylation of alkali treated lignins with formaldehyde also decreases with increasing severity of the reaction. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. RP KUO, M (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT FORESTRY,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-3830 J9 HOLZFORSCHUNG JI Holzforschung PD FEB PY 1991 VL 45 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1515/hfsg.1991.45.1.47 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FC210 UT WOS:A1991FC21000009 ER PT J AU WANG, SY JIAO, HJ FAUST, M AF WANG, SY JIAO, HJ FAUST, M TI CHANGES IN METABOLIC ENZYME-ACTIVITIES DURING THIDIAZURON-INDUCED LATERAL BUDBREAK OF APPLE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE; 6-PHOSPHATE GLUCONATE DEHYDROGENASE; PYRUVATE KINASE ID BUD BREAK; PLANT BIOREGULATOR; DORMANCY; NITROGUANIDINES; TREES AB The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphate gluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), pyruvate kinase (PK), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were studied in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) buds during dormancy and thidiazuron-induced budbreak. When buds were dormant, the activity of the glycolytic enzymes GAPDH and PK and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme ICDH was low compared to that in nondormant buds. The activity of these enzymes increased during budbreak, peaked when buds were in the green tip stage just before the start of rapid expansion (at 8 days after thidiazuron treatment), and declined thereafter. The activity of pentose-phosphate cycle enzymes G6PDH and 6PGDH. During budbreak and resumption buds. 6PGDH was about twice as high as G6PDH. During budbreak and resumption of growth, G6PDH and 6PGDH activity decreased. RP WANG, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1991 VL 26 IS 2 BP 171 EP 173 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA EY878 UT WOS:A1991EY87800034 ER PT J AU JAWORSKI, CA PHATAK, SC AF JAWORSKI, CA PHATAK, SC TI LAVENDER LADY, FLOWERING ORNAMENTAL CUPHEA-GLUTINOSA SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GROUND COVER; LANDSCAPE PLANT C1 UNIV GEORGIA,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP JAWORSKI, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1991 VL 26 IS 2 BP 221 EP 222 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA EY878 UT WOS:A1991EY87800061 ER PT J AU HARP, JA MOON, HW AF HARP, JA MOON, HW TI SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MAST CELL-DEFICIENT-W/WV MICE TO CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note ID INFECTION; MOUSE; PARASITE; ANTIBODY AB Mast cell-deficient W/W(v) infant mice were similar to normal mice in their susceptibility to and recovery from infection with the intestinal protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum. W/W(v) adult mice were significantly more susceptible to primary infection than were normal adult mice, but both groups recovered at a similar rate. RP HARP, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 59 IS 2 BP 718 EP 720 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA EU973 UT WOS:A1991EU97300039 PM 1987087 ER PT J AU SILFLOW, RM FOREYT, WJ TAYLOR, SM LAEGREID, WW LIGGITT, HD LEID, RW AF SILFLOW, RM FOREYT, WJ TAYLOR, SM LAEGREID, WW LIGGITT, HD LEID, RW TI COMPARISON OF ARACHIDONATE METABOLISM BY ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES FROM BIGHORN AND DOMESTIC SHEEP SO INFLAMMATION LA English DT Article ID ACID METABOLISM; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; DEFENSE-MECHANISMS; LIPOXYGENASE METABOLITES; PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; BOVINE NEUTROPHILS; CALCIUM IONOPHORE; INVITRO; LUNG; LEUKOTRIENE-B4 AB We have defined the metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) secreted by alveolar macrophages (AMs) of bighorn sheep and domestic sheep in response to three agents: calcium ionophore A23187, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and opsonized zymosan. Cells were labeled with [H-3]AA prior to stimulation and 11 tritiated metabolites, including prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), were detected and quantitated by high-performance liquid chromotography and radiometry. Zymosan stimulation resulted in the release of significantly elevated quantities (P < 0.05), of LTB4, [5(S), 12(R)-dihydroxy-6,14-cis-8,10-trans-eicosatetraenoic acid], 5-HETE, [5(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid], and the nonenzymatic isomers of LTB4, [LTB I, 5(S),12(R)-6-trans-LTB4] and LTB II, [5(S)-6-trans-LTB4], from domestic sheep AM when compared to bighorn sheep AM. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation released significantly elevated quantities (P < 0.04), of TXB2, (thromboxane B2), HHT, [12(S)-12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecaenoic acid], LTB I, LTB II, and 15-HETE, [15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid] from domestic sheep AMs when compared to bighorn sheep AMs. However, after A23187 challenge, only 15-HETE was significantly elevated (P < 0.04) in domestic sheep AMs when compared to bighorn sheep AMs. These clear differences in AA metabolism of AMs obtained from bighorn and domestic sheep in response to three different agonists suggest not only different control mechanisms for lung metabolism of AA in the two species, but also suggest that differences in the metabolites released may lead to quite different regulation of lung defense mechanisms in the two sheep species. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,NAA,PLUM ISL DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT COMPARAT MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP SILFLOW, RM (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,MOLEC & CELLULAR INFLAMMAT LAB,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0360-3997 J9 INFLAMMATION JI Inflammation PD FEB PY 1991 VL 15 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1007/BF00917908 PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA EZ750 UT WOS:A1991EZ75000004 PM 1905271 ER PT J AU BUCHANAN, RL KLAWITTER, LA AF BUCHANAN, RL KLAWITTER, LA TI EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE HISTORY ON THE GROWTH OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES SCOTT-A AT REFRIGERATION TEMPERATURES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MEAT; MILK; LAG PHASE; COMPETITION ID PEDIOCOCCUS-ACIDILACTICI; GROUND-BEEF; SURVIVAL; STORAGE; MEAT; NISIN; FATE AB The effect of pre-inoculation temperature on the subsequent growth of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A at 5-degrees-C was examined in microbiological medium, UHT milk, canned dog food, and raw ground beef (untreated and irradiation-sterilized). In microbiological medium, the duration of the lag phase was decreased when aerobic and anaerobic cultures were initially grown at less-than-or-equal-to 28 and less-than-or-equal-to 13-degrees-C, respectively. Subsequent exponential growth rates and maxium population densities of the 5-degrees-C cultures were not affected by temperature history. Differences in lag phase durations were also observed when L. monocytogenes initially cultured at 19 and 37-degrees-C were grown at 5-degrees-C in UHT milk and some of the canned dog food varieties. Growth of L. monocytogenes was not observed in either untreated or irradiation-sterilized raw ground beef. While temperature history can affect the growth kinetics of L. monocytogenes at 5-degrees-C, it did not account for the lack of growth in raw meat, suggesting that there is an inhibitory condition or component in ground beef that is lost upon cooking. RP BUCHANAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 21 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 12 IS 2-3 BP 235 EP 246 DI 10.1016/0168-1605(91)90074-Y PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA FD175 UT WOS:A1991FD17500015 PM 1904762 ER PT J AU LOEB, MJ AF LOEB, MJ TI GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SPERMDUCTS OF THE TOBACCO BUDWORM MOTH HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS, INVIVO AND INVITRO SO INVERTEBRATE REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE LEPIDOPTERA; MALE GENITAL TRACT; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT ID BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER; MAMESTRA-BRASSICAE; CABBAGE ARMYWORM; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; ECDYSTEROIDS; SPERMIDUCT; INSECT; ADULT AB Spermducts of H. virescens increased in length and developmental state after injection of 20HE into early pupae. Spermducts cultured in vitro did not change in the absence of 20HE. 20HE incorporated into tissue culture medium induced changes which depended on the amount of time diapausing pupae maintained at 10-degrees-C were exposed to warmth and light. Spermducts from diapausing pupae did not respond to 20HE, and spermducts from pupae warmed for two days at LD increased in length but lost visible structure. Spermducts from pupae warmed for four days at LD differentiated to myogenically contracting organs resembling the seminal vesicles of adult moths. Thus, the degree to which post-diapause spermducts developed in vitro in the presence of 20HE depended on the developmental age of the donor. RP LOEB, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT REPROD LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT, ISRAEL SN 0168-8170 J9 INVERTEBR REPROD DEV JI Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 19 IS 2 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1080/07924259.1991.9672163 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA FP483 UT WOS:A1991FP48300002 ER PT J AU HASEGAWA, S OU, P FONG, CH HERMAN, Z COGGINS, CW ATKIN, DR AF HASEGAWA, S OU, P FONG, CH HERMAN, Z COGGINS, CW ATKIN, DR TI CHANGES IN THE LIMONOATE A-RING LACTONE AND LIMONIN 17-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE CONTENT OF NAVEL ORANGES DURING FRUIT-GROWTH AND MATURATION SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CITRUS-LIMON; BIOSYNTHESIS; GLUCOSIDES; NOMILIN; OBACUNONE; SEEDLINGS AB The amounts of limonoate A-ring lactone (LARL) and limonin 17-beta-D-glucopyranoside (LG) in navel oranges were measured during fruit growth and maturation. The LARL content (grams/fruit) increased sharply from June to August, reached a maximal level at the end of August, and then decreased gradually thereafter. LG began to appear in the flesh portion in September and in the peel 1 month later. Its content increased sharply from September to November and then slowly thereafter. The decrease in LARL and the increase in LG content occurred simultaneously at late stages of fruit growth and maturation, suggesting that LG is a metabolite of LARL. The amounts of total limonin (LARL + LG) continued to increase until the end of November and then remained fairly constant thereafter. This showed that the biosynthesis of LARL and its further conversion to LG appeared to continue in the fruit until the end of November. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT BOT & PLANT SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP HASEGAWA, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 16 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 262 EP 265 DI 10.1021/jf00002a008 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA EY456 UT WOS:A1991EY45600008 ER PT J AU TIMPA, JD AF TIMPA, JD TI APPLICATION OF UNIVERSAL CALIBRATION IN GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DETERMINATIONS OF PLANT-CELL WALL POLYMERS - COTTON FIBER SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Methodology has been established to determine the molecular weight distribution of the cellulosic composition of cotton fibers without prior extraction or derivatization, process that can degrade polymers. Dimethylacetamide with lithium chloride is used for dissolution of samples. Commercially available, automated gel permeation chromatography (GPC) instrumentation with incorporation of a viscometer coupled with refractive index detection applies the universal calibration concept. With this configuration, GPC provides both a sensitive monitor of cotton fiber molecular weight distributions and valid molecular weight values. The weight-average molecular weight determined for cotton fiber was 11 000. RP TIMPA, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 26 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 270 EP 275 DI 10.1021/jf00002a010 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA EY456 UT WOS:A1991EY45600010 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, M BRANDON, DL BATES, AH HYMOWITZ, T AF FRIEDMAN, M BRANDON, DL BATES, AH HYMOWITZ, T TI COMPARISON OF A COMMERCIAL SOYBEAN CULTIVAR AND AN ISOLINE LACKING THE KUNITZ TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR - COMPOSITION, NUTRITIONAL-VALUE, AND EFFECTS OF HEATING SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BOWMAN-BIRK; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; SOY FLOUR; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INACTIVATION; SEED; IMPROVEMENT; INHERITANCE; ABSENCE; GROWTH AB The content and heat stability of protease inhibitors of a standard cultivar (Williams 82) and an isoline (L81-4590) lacking the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) were measured by using enzyme inhibition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The KTI content of the isoline was less than 0.2% compared to Williams 82, with the exact content depending on the extent of cross-pollination of the soybeans. Steam heating of the isoline flour (121-degrees-C, 20 min) resulted in a near-zero level of trypsin inhibitory activity, while 20% remained in the Williams 82 sample. The raw soy flour prepared from the isoline was nutritionally superior to the raw flour prepared from the standard variety, as measured by PER and pancreatic weights. The increased PER was likely due to the lower level of trypsin inhibitory activity in the isoline. Steam heating the flours for up to 30 min at 121-degrees-C progressively increased the PER for both strains. Screening of several accessions from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection showed variation in the content of trypsin inhibitor, sulfur amino acids, and lectins, indicating that further screening studies could lead to the discovery of soybeans which yield flour that is safe and nutritious, with minimal heating. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. RP FRIEDMAN, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 56 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 327 EP 335 DI 10.1021/jf00002a022 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA EY456 UT WOS:A1991EY45600022 ER PT J AU DRUMM, TD SPANIER, AM AF DRUMM, TD SPANIER, AM TI CHANGES IN THE CONTENT OF LIPID AUTOXIDATION AND SULFUR-CONTAINING-COMPOUNDS IN COOKED BEEF DURING STORAGE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WARMED-OVER FLAVOR; VOLATILE HETEROCYCLIC-COMPOUNDS; MAILLARD-REACTION-PRODUCTS; MEAT FLAVOR; COOKING; IDENTIFICATION; COMPONENTS; OXIDATION; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; TRIGLYCERIDES AB Changes in the content of carbonyl- and sulfur-containing compounds were determined for ground beef patties stored at 4-degrees-C for 0-4 days. Volatile compounds were isolated by using distillation-extraction techniques and analyzed by using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. During storage, the content of the lipid autoxidation products showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase; the rate of formation of these compounds generally followed zero-order kinetics and was specific for each individual compound. The content of the heterocyclic sulfur compounds did not change significantly (P > 0.05) with storage. The increase in the content of the aliphatic and cyclic sulfur compounds with storage was significant (P < 0.05). Free-radical reactions, the proposed primary mechanism for lipid autoxidation, may also catalyze the degradation of sulfur-containing compounds and contribute to the increase in the content of the aliphatic and cyclic sulfur compounds. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 66 TC 85 Z9 127 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 336 EP 343 DI 10.1021/jf00002a023 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA EY456 UT WOS:A1991EY45600023 ER PT J AU WILLIS, GH MCDOWELL, LL SMITH, S SOUTHWICK, LM AF WILLIS, GH MCDOWELL, LL SMITH, S SOUTHWICK, LM TI APPLICATION METHOD EFFECTS ON METHYL PARATHION AND PERMETHRIN DEPOSITION AND PERSISTENCE ON COTTON PLANTS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VEGETABLE-OIL; FOLIAGE; WATER; FORMULATIONS; DISSIPATION; VOLUME; LEAVES; LARVAE AB Methyl parathion and permethrin were applied by controlled-droplet applicators (CDA), i.e., rotary atomizers, and conventional hydraulic nozzles in either soybean oil, soybean oil plus water, or water to mature cotton plants at ULV (ultralow volume, < 5 L ha-1), VLV (very low volume, 5-50 L ha-1), or LV (low volume, 50-200 L ha-1) carrier rates. Under the conditions of this study there were no advantages to using soybean oil or CDA relative to conventional methods. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. RP WILLIS, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES,POB 25071,UNIV STN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70894, USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 408 EP 411 DI 10.1021/jf00002a037 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA EY456 UT WOS:A1991EY45600037 ER PT J AU KRASZEWSKI, AW NELSON, SO YOU, TS AF KRASZEWSKI, AW NELSON, SO YOU, TS TI MOISTURE-CONTENT DETERMINATION IN SINGLE CORN KERNELS BY MICROWAVE RESONATOR TECHNIQUES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP KRASZEWSKI, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-8634 J9 J AGR ENG RES JI J. Agr. Eng. Res. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 48 IS 2 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1016/0021-8634(91)80005-Y PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA EZ539 UT WOS:A1991EZ53900001 ER PT J AU GORKOVOI, VV ELOKHIN, VA CHERNETSKII, SM CHOPOROV, DY AF GORKOVOI, VV ELOKHIN, VA CHERNETSKII, SM CHOPOROV, DY TI PROTOTYPE INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS-SPECTROMETER FOR QUANTITATIVE ELEMENTAL AND ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY OF THE USSR LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; ICP-MS C1 USDA ARS,INST GEOL,SALINAS,CA 93915. RP GORKOVOI, VV (reprint author), ACAD SCI USSR,INST ANALYT INSTRUMENTAT,LENINGRAD,USSR. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA CONSULTANTS BUREAU 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0021-8766 J9 J ANAL CHEM-USSR+ PD FEB PY 1991 VL 46 IS 2 BP 313 EP 317 PN 2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GM324 UT WOS:A1991GM32400017 ER PT J AU URICK, JJ MACNEIL, MD REYNOLDS, WL AF URICK, JJ MACNEIL, MD REYNOLDS, WL TI BIOLOGICAL TYPE EFFECTS ON POSTWEANING GROWTH, FEED-EFFICIENCY AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF STEERS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; BREEDS; GROWTH; FEED CONVERSION; CARCASS COMPOSITION ID CATTLE CYCLE-III; BEEF-CATTLE; PALATABILITY; QUALITY; TRAITS; HETEROSIS; CROSSES; BREEDS AB Postweaning growth, feed consumption and carcass characteristics of 259 individually fed F1 Angus-, Red Poll-, Pinzgauer-, Simmental- and Tarentaise-sired steers from Hereford dams were compared. Average daily gain to 382 d of age for Simmental-sired steers exceeded (P < .05) the ADG for Red Poll, Angus and Pinzgauer, which were not different. Tarentaise-sired steers were intermediate in growth rate. Simmental-sired steers required less (P < .05) feed per kilogram of gain than Red Poll- and Angus-sired steers to reach either 382 d of age or 400 kg. Feed conversion (FC) by Simmental, Pinzgauer and Tarentaise-sired steers did not differ (P > .05), nor did FC by Red Poll- and Angus-sired steers to reach 382 d or 400 kg. Angus-sired steers required less ME per kilogram of gain to reach 12.7 mm of carcass backfat than did Red Poll-, Pinzgauer- or Tarentaise-sired steers, which were similar. Simmental-sired steers were intermediate in feed conversion to 12.7-mm fat depth and did not differ from the other breed groups. Rankings of breed groups for traits indicative of lean tissue growth were similar to rankings for live animal growth traits. At age- and weight-constant endpoints, Angus-sired steers had more (P < .05) fat cover and marbling than did steers sired by the other breeds. At these endpoints, Red Poll-sired steers also had more (P < .05) fat cover than did Pinzgauer-, Simmental- and Tarentaise-sired steers, which were similar. C1 USDA ARS,DEPT AGR,FT KEOGN LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 69 IS 2 BP 490 EP 497 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW978 UT WOS:A1991FW97800007 PM 2016178 ER PT J AU BELK, KE TATUM, JD WILLIAMS, FL AF BELK, KE TATUM, JD WILLIAMS, FL TI DEPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF CARCASS FAT FOR STEERS DIFFERING IN FRAME SIZE AND MUSCLE THICKNESS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; SKELETAL SIZE; MUSCLE; THICKNESS; GRADING; ADIPOSE TISSUES; ALLOMETRY ID SUBSEQUENT GROWTH; GENETIC INFLUENCES; DIFFERENT BREEDS; BOVINE TISSUES; YOUNG BULLS; CATTLE; PATTERNS; CROSSES; BONE AB Yearling feeder steers (n = 324) representing nine frame size (Large, Medium, Small) x muscle thickness (No. 1, No. 2, No. 3) subclasses were serially slaughtered at 28-d intervals during a 140-d finishing period. Weights for total dissectible (TDF) and subcutaneous fat (SQ) from each of nine wholesale cuts were recorded. Resulting data were analyzed using allometry (Y = aX(b) and Y = aX(b)10cx) to characterize deposition patterns for fat and to determine effects of feeder cattle frame size (F) and muscle thickness (M) on relative fat deposition and distribution. Patterns of TDF and SQ deposition were similar among cuts. As the steers became fatter, relative proportions of TDF and SQ in the abdominal and dorsal regions of the carcass increased and relative proportions of fat in the distal regions decreased. There was a tendency for the growth impetus of TDF and SQ to shift from the ventral portions of the carcass toward the dorsal region of the carcass as fattening progressed. Despite significant among-class differences in allometric coefficients, relative proportions of TDF and SQ in the nine wholesale cuts were remarkably similar for all nine F x M subclasses when compared at a constant percentage of total carcass fat. At endpoints of either a constant fat thickness measurement or a constant USDA marbling score, subclass differences in fat distribution were negligible. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA,AMS,DIV LIVESTOCK,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 69 IS 2 BP 609 EP 616 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW978 UT WOS:A1991FW97800021 PM 2016189 ER PT J AU KOOHMARAIE, M WHIPPLE, G KRETCHMAR, DH CROUSE, JD MERSMANN, HJ AF KOOHMARAIE, M WHIPPLE, G KRETCHMAR, DH CROUSE, JD MERSMANN, HJ TI POSTMORTEM PROTEOLYSIS IN LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE FROM BEEF, LAMB AND PORK CARCASSES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SKELETAL MUSCLE; PROTEOLYSIS; PROTEASE; TENDERNESS; SPECIES ID 3 BOVINE MUSCLES; FREE-FATTY-ACID; MEAT COLLAGEN; MYOFIBRIL FRAGMENTATION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; RABBIT SPLEEN; CATHEPSIN-B; TENDERNESS; PROTEINS; PLASMA AB Postmortem proteolysis in skeletal muscle and factors affecting this process were examined in pork, lamb and beef longissimus muscles (LM) to determine the cause of differences in meat tenderness among these species. Fat thickness differed among species in the following order: pork > beef > lamb. The following patterns were observed for rate of temperature and pH decline: lamb > pork > beef and pork > beef > lamb, respectively. At 1 d postmortem, pork was the most tender, followed by beef and lamb, respectively. Between 1 and 14 d of postmortem storage, lamb LM was the most improved in tenderness, followed by beef and pork, respectively. Species did not differ (P > .05) in LM collagen solubility. Pork LM from fed pigs had the highest (P < .05) level of cathepsins B + L and cystatin(s) activities, whereas no differences (P > .05) were observed among the species for cathepsin B activity. The lowest (P < .01) Ca2+-dependent protease (CDP)-II and CDP inhibitor activities were observed in pork LM. Beef LM had the highest CDP inhibitor activity (P < .05) but was intermediate in CDP-II activity. No differences were observed among species for CDP-I activity. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of myofibrils isolated at 0, 1 and 14 d postmortem indicated that by d 1, desmin hydrolysis was most extensive in pork muscle, followed by lamb and beef. This difference in the rate of myofibrillar protein hydrolysis may account for the differences observed in the rate of postmortem tenderization in LM among these species. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 45 TC 145 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 69 IS 2 BP 617 EP 624 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW978 UT WOS:A1991FW97800022 PM 2016190 ER PT J AU SOLOMON, MB CAMPBELL, RG STEELE, NC CAPERNA, TJ AF SOLOMON, MB CAMPBELL, RG STEELE, NC CAPERNA, TJ TI EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN ADMINISTRATION BETWEEN 30 AND 60 KILOGRAMS ON LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE-FIBER MORPHOLOGY AND MEAT TENDERNESS OF PIGS GROWN TO 90 KILOGRAMS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; SOMATOTROPIN; MUSCLE FIBERS; TENDERNESS ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BODY-COMPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; LIVE WEIGHT; HORMONE; PERFORMANCE; AGONIST; SEX; INTERRELATIONSHIPS; METABOLISM AB Twenty-four barrows were used to investigate the effects of exogenous porcine somatotropin (pST) administration (0 and 100-mu-g.kg-1.d-1) between 30 and 60 kg on longissimus muscle morphology and meat tenderness of pigs grown to 90 kg. Administration of pST was by daily i.m. injection. Pigs were fed a fortified diet in restricted amounts between 30 and 60 kg and had ad libitum access to this diet from 60 to 90 kg. Excipient pigs had fewer alpha-R fibers and more alpha-W fibers than pST-treated pigs (P < .05). Administration of pST increased (P < .05) muscle fiber area for all three fiber types at both the 60 kg (34%) and 90 kg (29%) slaughter weights. Furthermore, pST administration increased shear-force (30% at 60 kg; 19% at 90 kg) of the longissimus muscle, indicating that pST administration reduced meat tenderness. All the pST-treated pigs exhibited the "giant fiber syndrome" and a high proportion (62%) of pST-treated pigs exhibited pale, soft, exudative muscle. Whether the giant fiber anomaly resulted from increased muscle protein accretion rate or fiber degeneration is unknown. Results indicated that the stimulatory effects of pST on muscle growth are sustained following cessation of hormone treatment. However, the incidence of pale, soft, exudative muscle in 62% of the pST-treated pigs indicates that pST potentially has undesirable side effects. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PROD QUAL & DEV,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. ANIM RES INST,WEERIBEE,VIC 3030,AUSTRALIA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 69 IS 2 BP 641 EP 645 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW978 UT WOS:A1991FW97800025 PM 2016193 ER PT J AU YEN, JT CROMWELL, GL ALLEE, GL CALVERT, CC CRENSHAW, TD MILLER, ER AF YEN, JT CROMWELL, GL ALLEE, GL CALVERT, CC CRENSHAW, TD MILLER, ER TI VALUE OF RAW SOYBEANS AND SOYBEAN OIL SUPPLEMENTATION IN SOW GESTATION AND LACTATION DIETS - A COOPERATIVE STUDY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOYBEANS; SOYBEAN OIL; SOWS; GESTATION; LACTATION; DIETS ID REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; GROWING SWINE; MILK; PIGS; FAT; ENERGY; YIELD; LEVEL; BIRTH AB A cooperative study using 215 sows during two parities (349 litters) was conducted at six stations to determine the effect of raw soybeans in gestation and lactation diets on sow and litter performance. Sows were bred and allotted to fortified corn diets containing either soybean meal (control) or raw soybeans. A corn-soybean meal-soybean oil diet, isocaloric to the raw soybean diet, was included as a third treatment at three stations. All diets contained 14% CP. These diets were fed during both gestation and lactation through two parities. The daily gestation feed intake ranged from 1.8 to 2.3 kg/sow, depending on station. During lactation, the sows were allowed ad libitum access to their respective diets. Gestational weight gain was not influenced by diet, but sows fed raw soybeans consumed less (P < .01) feed during lactation and had greater (P < .01) lactational weight loss and their pigs were lighter in weight (P < .05) both at 21 d and at weaning (varied between 3 and 5 wk of age). Sows fed the diet with supplemental oil had reproductive and lactational performance similar to those fed the control diet. Milk obtained at d 10 to 14 of lactation from sows fed raw soybeans had lower (P < .05) protein content than milk from sows fed the other two diets, but fat content of the milk tended to be increased by raw soybeans or by added soybean oil. Return to estrus was not affected by diet. We conclude that feeding raw soybeans as the only source of supplemental protein during gestation had no deleterious effect on reproductive performance or gilts of sows through two parities, but this diet reduced feed intake, increased sow lactational weight loss and reduced pig weaning weights when it was fed during lactation. C1 USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,COMM SWINE NUTR NCR 42,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT ANIM SCI,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT MEAT & ANIM SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 69 IS 2 BP 656 EP 663 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW978 UT WOS:A1991FW97800027 PM 2016195 ER PT J AU DROUILLARD, JS FERRELL, CL KLOPFENSTEIN, TJ BRITTON, RA AF DROUILLARD, JS FERRELL, CL KLOPFENSTEIN, TJ BRITTON, RA TI COMPENSATORY GROWTH FOLLOWING METABOLIZABLE PROTEIN OR ENERGY RESTRICTIONS IN BEEF STEERS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; GROWTH; PROTEINS; ENERGY; COMPENSATION ID UNDERNUTRITION; SHEEP AB One hundred sixty crossbred steers were used to compare the effects of metabolizable protein and energy restrictions on subsequent compensatory growth. Diets were formulated to impose severe or mild growth restrictions for periods of 77 to 154 d. Steers were realimented on a high-concentrate diet and fed to achieve approximately 1 cm s.c. fat thickness. Finishing performance and carcass characteristics were evaluated relative to unrestricted control animals. All restricted animals, with the exception of those on the mild, brief energy restriction, exhibited compensatory growth relative to controls. A single direct comparison of energy and protein restriction treatments indicated that finishing performance during realimentation was similar for these two groups. Evaluation of the relative effects of protein and energy restriction by multiple linear regression indicated that compensatory growth was influenced by differences in duration or severity of nutrient deprivation to a greater extent for energy-restricted than for protein-restricted steers. Linear contrasts and regression estimates indicated that compensatory growth was influenced more by differences in severity of restriction than by duration of the restriction period. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 15 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 69 IS 2 BP 811 EP 818 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW978 UT WOS:A1991FW97800045 PM 2016207 ER PT J AU PUOLI, JR JUNG, GA REID, RL AF PUOLI, JR JUNG, GA REID, RL TI EFFECTS OF NITROGEN AND SULFUR ON DIGESTION AND NUTRITIVE QUALITY OF WARM-SEASON GRASS HAYS FOR CATTLE AND SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NITROGEN; SULFUR; GRASSES; RUMINANTS; INTAKE; DIGESTIBILITY ID RED-CLOVER; RUMEN; YIELD; FERTILIZATION; METABOLISM; MINERALS; INVITRO; PASSAGE; FESCUE; FIBER AB The influence of N and S on the usage of warm-season grasses was examined in two metabolism trials with cattle and sheep. Effects of N fertilization (75 kg N from urea/ha) on digestibility, intake, and ruminal mineral solubilization of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.; SWG) and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitm.; BB) hays were determined in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment with mature steers. Effects of N and S applied as urea and sodium sulfate in spray form to SWG hay were estimated in a 2 x 3 factorial experiment using sheep. Dry matter and NDF digestibility was greater (P < .03) for BB than for SWG, and intake of SWG was 10% greater (P < .06) than that of BB. Fertilizer N increased DMI (P < .02) of SWG and BB by cattle by 11.4 and 16.1%, respectively. Fertilization decreased (P < .04) ruminal turnover times by 9.3 and 18.5% for SWG and BB, respectively. In situ DM degradation rates were faster (P < .02) for fertilized than for unfertilized forages and were faster (P < .06) for BB than for SWG. In the sheep trials, levels of CP in SWG diets were 7.2 and 9.5%: levels of S were .12, .20, and .29%, respectively. Urea supplementation increased (P < .01) hay intake by 9.4% and also increased (P < .01) digestibility of DM and NDF. Supplemental S had no effect (P > .05) on any measurement. There was no effect (P > .05) of supplemental N on ruminal retention times, rates of passage, or apparent retention of N and S. The provision of extra N by fertilization or dietary supplementation improved the nutritional quality of the low-protein, warm-season grass hays studied in this experiment, whereas no response to dietary S was detected. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV ANIM & VET SCI,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. USDA ARS,REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NR 49 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 69 IS 2 BP 843 EP 852 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW978 UT WOS:A1991FW97800049 PM 1849882 ER PT J AU JUVEN, BJ MEINERSMANN, RJ STERN, NJ AF JUVEN, BJ MEINERSMANN, RJ STERN, NJ TI ANTAGONISTIC EFFECTS OF LACTOBACILLI AND PEDIOCOCCI TO CONTROL INTESTINAL COLONIZATION BY HUMAN ENTEROPATHOGENS IN LIVE POULTRY SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; BILE-ACIDS; HOMOFERMENTATIVE LACTOBACILLUS; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; STREPTOCOCCUS-FAECIUM; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; GNOTOBIOTIC CHICKS C1 USDA,ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 106 TC 79 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0021-8847 J9 J APPL BACTERIOL JI J. Appl. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 70 IS 2 BP 95 EP 103 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1991.tb04433.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA EX745 UT WOS:A1991EX74500001 PM 2019552 ER PT J AU EATON, RW KARNS, JS AF EATON, RW KARNS, JS TI CLONING AND ANALYSIS OF S-TRIAZINE CATABOLIC GENES FROM PSEUDOMONAS SP. STRAIN NRRLB-12227 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEGRADATIVE PATHWAY; RING CLEAVAGE; BACTERIA; DNA; RECOMBINATION; CONSTRUCTION; PROKARYOTES; PLASMIDS; ELEMENTS; VECTORS AB Pseudomonas sp. strain NRRLB-12227 degrades the s-triazine melamine by a six-step pathway which allows it to use melamine and pathway intermediates as nitrogen sources. With the plasmid pLG221, mutants defective in five of the six steps of the pathway were generated. Tn5-containing-EcoRI fragments from these mutants were cloned and identified by selection for Tn5-encoded kanamycin resistance in transformants. A restriction fragment from ammelide-negative mutant RE411 was used as a probe in colony hybridization experiments to identify cloned wild-type s-triazine catabolic genes encoding ammeline aminohydrolase, ammelide aminohydrolase, and cyanuric acid amidohydrolase. These genes were cloned from total cellular DNA on several similar, but not identical, HindIII fragments, as well as on a PstI fragment and a BglII fragment. Restriction mapping and Southern hybridization analyses of these cloned DNA fragments suggested that these s-triazine catabolic genes may be located on a transposable element, the ends of which are identical 2.2-kb insertion sequences. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRAD LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 30 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 173 IS 3 BP 1215 EP 1222 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EV414 UT WOS:A1991EV41400037 PM 1846859 ER PT J AU EATON, RW KARNS, JS AF EATON, RW KARNS, JS TI CLONING AND COMPARISON OF THE DNA ENCODING AMMELIDE AMINOHYDROLASE AND CYANURIC ACID AMIDOHYDROLASE FROM 3 S-TRIAZINE-DEGRADING BACTERIAL STRAINS SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID DEGRADATIVE PATHWAY; RING CLEAVAGE; CONSTRUCTION; SYSTEM AB DNA encoding the catabolism of the s-triazines ammelide and cyanuric acid was cloned from Pseudomonas sp. strain NRRLB-12228 and Klebsiella pneumoniae 99 with, as a probe, a 4.6-kb PstI fragment from a third strain, Pseudomonas sp. strain NRRLB-12227, which also encodes these activities. In strains NRRLB-12228 and 99 the ammelide aminohydrolase (trzC) and cyanuric acid amidohydrolase (trzD) genes are located on identical 4.6-kb PstI fragments which are part of a 12.4-kb DNA segment present in both strains. Strain NRRLB-12227 also carries this 12.4-kb DNA segment, except that a DNA segment of 0.8 to 1.85 kb encoding a third enzyme, ammeline aminohydrolase (trzB), has been inserted next to the ammelide aminohydrolase gene with the accompanying deletion of 1.1 to 2.15 kb of DNA. In addition, the s-triazine catabolic genes are flanked in strain NRRLB-12227 by apparently identical 2.2-kb segments that are not present in the other two strains and that seem to cause rearrangements in adjacent DNA. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 13 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 173 IS 3 BP 1363 EP 1366 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA EV414 UT WOS:A1991EV41400059 PM 1991731 ER PT J AU DAVIS, HG MCDONOUGH, LM SMITHHISLER, CL BROWN, DF LEONHARDT, BA VOERMAN, S CHAPMAN, PS AF DAVIS, HG MCDONOUGH, LM SMITHHISLER, CL BROWN, DF LEONHARDT, BA VOERMAN, S CHAPMAN, PS TI MINT ROOT BORER, FUMIBOTYS-FUMALIS (GUENEE) - IDENTIFICATION AND FIELD-TESTS OF FEMALE SEX-PHEROMONE GLAND COMPONENTS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; PYRAUSTINAE; PYRAUSTINI; FUMIBOTYS-FUMALIS; SEX PHEROMONE; (E,E)-10; 12-TETRADECADIENYL ACETATE; (Z)-11-TETRADECENYL ACETATE; (E)-11-TETRADECENYL ACETATE; (Z)-9-TETRADECENYL ACETATE ID CUNEANA WALSINGHAM LEPIDOPTERA; CONJUGATED DIENES; RUBBER SEPTA; TORTRICIDAE; NOCTUIDAE; PEPPERMINT; PYRALIDAE AB Compounds identified in sex pheromone gland extracts of female Fumibotys funalis (Guenee) consisted of (E,E)-10,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate in a ratio of 100:18:8:4, respectively. The compounds were identified by electroantennographic, gas chromatographic, mass spectrometric, and chemical derivatization procedures. In mint fields synthetic components in gray elastomeric septa at ratios found in the sex pheromone gland and at doses of 3 or 10 mg of the diene produced trap catch comparable to traps baited with three females. C1 USDA ARS,YAKIMA,WA 98902. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RES INST PLANT PROTECT,6700 GW WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 17 IS 2 BP 249 EP 258 DI 10.1007/BF00994330 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EZ822 UT WOS:A1991EZ82200001 PM 24258723 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, ER TINGLE, FC HEATH, RR AF MITCHELL, ER TINGLE, FC HEATH, RR TI FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS (F.) FEMALES (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) WITH REFERENCE TO HOST-PLANT VOLATILES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PLANT ATTRACTANT; HOST PHENOLOGY; OVIPOSITION STIMULANT; HELIOTHIS-SUBFLEXA; HELIOTHIS-ARMIGERA; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE ID BUDWORM MOTHS LEPIDOPTERA; OVIPOSITIONAL RESPONSE; GROUNDCHERRY; ARMIGERA AB Heliothis virescens (F.) females responded positively via upwind flight in laboratory assays to volatiles emitted from methylene chloride washes of fresh whole leaves of host plants including cotton, tobacco, and a weed species, Desmodium tortuosum (Swartz) de Candolle. Except for D. tortuosum, the response increased positively with dose; the steepest slope occurred with an extract of cotton squares (flower buds). Almost all of the moths that landed on the extract dispenser also oviposited. Moths simulated by extracts from cotton squares exhibited a full array of behaviors (upwind flight, contact with the dispenser, examination of the cloth substrate with antennae, and oviposition) expected of gravid individuals seeking sites to propagate the species. RP MITCHELL, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BAS BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 17 IS 2 BP 259 EP 266 DI 10.1007/BF00994331 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EZ822 UT WOS:A1991EZ82200002 PM 24258724 ER PT J AU CARLSON, DA SCHLEIN, Y AF CARLSON, DA SCHLEIN, Y TI UNUSUAL POLYMETHYL ALKENES IN TSETSE-FLIES ACTING AS ABSTINON IN GLOSSINA-MORSITANS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MATING INHIBITOR; ABSTINON; STIMULATORY; CUTICLE WAVES; DIPTERA; EXTRACT; HYDROCARBON; DIMETHYLAKENE; TRIMETHYLAKENE; APHRODISIAC; DIPTERA; MUSCIDAE; GLOSSINA-MORSITANS-MORSITANS; TSETSE FLY; 19,23-DIMETHYLTRITRIACONT-1-ENE ID CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PALPALIS-PALPALIS; SEX-PHEROMONE; STABLE FLY; IDENTIFICATION; LEPIDOPTERA; PALLIDIPES; DROSOPHILA; POLYENE AB The major alkene of the male tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans, was isolated for characterization by thin-layer and gas chromatography (GC). The mass spectra of the alkene and the alkene DMDS derivative indicated one isomer, 19,23-dimethyltritriacont-1-ene. The material is present at 1-2-mu-g/male fly and is partially transferred to the female preparatory to or during mating. A dose-dependent antiaphrodisiac effect was seen with exposed male flies using the isolated natural product, with 2 and 4-mu-g causing 80% loss of copulatory attempts, and 10-mu-g extinguishing the attempts. This effect was increased by addition of male-produced alkane. This compound and a 31-carbon homolog also appear in G. m. submorsitans. Similar quantities of alkenes that are species-specific appear in all tsetse males. Structures of male-produced trimethylalkenes that appear in two other species, G. palpalis palpalis and G. fuscipes fuscipes, were investigated. C1 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,HADASSAH MED SCH,DEPT PARASITOL,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 17 IS 2 BP 267 EP 284 DI 10.1007/BF00994332 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EZ822 UT WOS:A1991EZ82200003 PM 24258725 ER PT J AU DOWD, PF BARTELT, RJ AF DOWD, PF BARTELT, RJ TI HOST-DERIVED VOLATILES AS ATTRACTANTS AND PHEROMONE SYNERGISTS FOR DRIEDFRUIT BEETLE, CARPOPHILUS-HEMIPTERUS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHEROMONE; AGGREGATION; SYNERGISM; ESTER; CARBOXYLIC ACID; ALCOHOL; CARBOXYLIC ESTER; DRIEDFRUIT BEETLE; CARPOPHILUS-HEMIPTERUS; COLEOPTERA; NITIDULIDAE ID GLISCHROCHILUS-QUADRISIGNATUS COLEOPTERA; EAR WORM ATTRACTANTS; NITIDULIDAE; COMPONENTS AB The attractiveness of representative host materials, host extracts, and individual host volatiles (primarily carboxylic acids, alcohols, and esters) to Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) adults in wind-tunnel bioassays was examined. Attractiveness of the materials was examined alone and in combination with the aggregation pheromone. Host materials and extracts were often attractive on their own, and the attractancy was synergized when they were combined with the pheromone. Propanoic and butanoic acids, methanol, 2-propanol, 1-heptanol, methyl butanoate, and propanal were among the most effective attractants relative to the pheromone, but many other compounds significantly synergized the pheromone (typically three-to four fold). Attractiveness and synergism were influenced by the carbon chain length and branching of the substituents. Straight-chain compounds that had at least three carbon atoms were generally effective as synergists. Many branched-chain compounds were also effective synergists. In general, the degree of attractiveness and synergism could be predicted fairly well with the physicochemical steric (Es) parameter, although the lipophilicity (Pi) parameter also appeared to be useful in explaining the lower activity of short-chain substituents. Thus, many compounds that had only limited attractiveness on their own may nevertheless play and important role in synergizing the pheromone. Structure-activity studies appear to be appropriate not only for determining optimal attractants for these insects, but also for determining effective synergists for the pheromone. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOACT CONSTITUENTS UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP DOWD, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 34 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 17 IS 2 BP 285 EP 308 DI 10.1007/BF00994333 PG 24 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EZ822 UT WOS:A1991EZ82200004 PM 24258726 ER PT J AU KLUN, JA SCHWARZ, M UEBEL, EC AF KLUN, JA SCHWARZ, M UEBEL, EC TI EUROPEAN CORN-BORER - PHEROMONAL CATABOLISM AND BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSE TO SEX-PHEROMONE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTENNAL CATABOLISM; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; PHEROMONE ANALOGS; 11-TETRADECENYL ACETATE ID MOTH ANTHERAEA-POLYPHEMUS; DEGRADING ENZYME; ESTERASE; ANTENNAE; ANALOGS AB When physiologically excessive amounts of the female sex pheromone of the European corn borer (ECB) or esters analogous to the pheromone were applied to the antennae of males, their behavioral responsiveness to pheromone in a flight tunnel was significantly impaired for 2 hr. Concurrent quantitative analyses of heptane extracts of the male antennae by gas-liquid chromatography showed that the compounds applied to antennae were hydrolyzed and, at 2 and 4 hr posttreatment, little or none of the compound applied or hydrolysis product was detectable in the antennal extracts. After 4 hr of in vivo incubation, male responsiveness to pheromone was restored among moths treated with the analogs but not among moths treated with pheromone. Esterase activity on the antennae was moderately inhibited in vivo by a pheromone analog that is a so-called transition-state esterase inhibitor, 1,1,1-trifluro-14-heptadecen-2-one. However, the analog did not inhibit male behavior when it was coevaporated with pheromone in a flight-tunnel assay. Therefore, in the presence of pheromone, the analog did not compete well for esterase or the pheromone receptor. Treating the antennae of intact males with tetrahydrofuran obliterated sex pheromone response capability in males, but the treatment did not significantly attenuate esterase and other catabolic activity of the antennae. Indications are that degradation of esters on the ECB antennae involves substrate-nonspecific esterase activity and other metabolic processes that in turn remove hydrolysis products from the antennae. Maintenance of a male's ability to respond to pheromone is linked to these processes. RP KLUN, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 17 IS 2 BP 317 EP 334 DI 10.1007/BF00994335 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EZ822 UT WOS:A1991EZ82200006 PM 24258728 ER PT J AU SHAFER, SR BLUM, U AF SHAFER, SR BLUM, U TI INFLUENCE OF PHENOLIC-ACIDS ON MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF CUCUMBER SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALLELOPATHY; FERULIC ACID; P-COURMARIC ACID; VANILLIC ACID; CUCUMIS-SATIVUS; BACTERIA; FUNGI ID FERULIC ACID; NUTRIENT CULTURE; LEAF EXPANSION; METABOLIC PRODUCTS; SOIL; INHIBITION; COMPONENTS; SEEDLINGS; RECOVERY; SORGHUM AB Experiments were conducted to determine whether changes in soil microbial populations that occur in response to additions of certain allelopathic phenolic acids to bulk soil also occur in the rhizosphere. Cucumber seedlings were transplanted into cups containing a nutrient-enriched mixture of Portsmouth B1 soil and sand and were watered five times (once every 48 hr) with aqueous solutions of ferulic, p-coumaric, or vanillic acid (each at 0, 0.25, or 0.50-mu-mol/g soil material). Nutrient solution was applied on alternate days. Leaf growth was suppressed by up to 42% by phenolic acids, but changes in root growth varied with the compound and concentration in solution. Significant increases (over 600% relative to controls) in populations of fast-growing bacteria in the rhizosphere were detected after two but not after five treatments, and increases (400% relative to controls) in numbers of fungal propagules were detected after five treatments. Such increases suggested that chronic exposure to a phenolic acid might result in high populations of rhizosphere microorganisms that could metabolize the compounds and thus alter observable responses by the plant. To test this, plants were watered repeatedly with a low-concentration solution of ferulic acid (chronic treatments; 0.0 or 0.1-mu-mol/g soil material in one experiment, 0.000 or 0.025-mu-mol/g soil material in a second) and then once with a high-concentration solution (acute treatment; 0.0, 0.5, or 1.0-mu-mol/g soil material in the first experiment; 0.000, 0.125, or 0.250-mu-mol/g soil material in the second). Acute treatments and some chronic treatments suppressed leaf growth, but results were inconsistent for root growth. Acute treatments increased numbers of several types of bacteria in the rhizosphere but had inconsistent effects on fungi. Chronic treatments had no effect on numbers of bacteria or fungal propagules in the rhizosphere. Furthermore, chronic treatments did not alter responses of plants or microbial populations to the subsequent acute treatment. Results demonstrated that phenolic acids in soil, which must pass through the rhizosphere before interaction with plant roots can occur, alter the microbial ecology of the rhizosphere. However, microbially mediated acclimation of plants to relatively high concentrations of ferulic acid was not observed. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP SHAFER, SR (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 36 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 17 IS 2 BP 369 EP 389 DI 10.1007/BF00994339 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EZ822 UT WOS:A1991EZ82200010 PM 24258732 ER PT J AU DOOLITTLE, RE CUNNINGHAM, RT MCGOVERN, TP SONNET, PE AF DOOLITTLE, RE CUNNINGHAM, RT MCGOVERN, TP SONNET, PE TI TRIMEDLURE ENANTIOMERS - DIFFERENCES IN ATTRACTION FOR MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY, CERATITIS-CAPITATA (WIED.) (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY; CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; ATTRACTANT; TRIMEDLURE; STEREOISOMERS; ENANTIOMERS ID PHEROMONE AB The most biologically active enantiomer of trimedlure, a synthetic lure attractive to male Mediterranean fruit flies, is the 1S,2S,4R enantiomer of isomer C, the tert-butyl ester of cis-4-chloro-trans-2-methylcyclohexane-carboxylic acid. We also determined that the 1R,2R,5S enantiomer of isomer A is significantly more attractive than its optical antipode. Essential differences in the current synthetic work that are critical to possible commercialization of this preparation are detailed herein. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEH & BAS BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 17 IS 2 BP 475 EP 484 DI 10.1007/BF00994346 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA EZ822 UT WOS:A1991EZ82200017 PM 24258739 ER PT J AU ADLOF, R AF ADLOF, R TI FRACTIONATION OF EGG AND SOYBEAN PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES BY SILVER RESIN CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Note ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; METHYL-ESTERS; SEPARATION; ISOMERS; PARC AB Samples of egg and soybean phosphatidylcholines were fractionated by total number of double bonds on silver ion-saturated resin columns using solvent programming (acetonitrile in methanol). Stainless-steel columns were packed with 15-mu-m resin which had been isolated by air elutriation. Methods of column packing, silver ion incorporation, solvent-resin interactions and resin regeneration are also discussed. RP ADLOF, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD FEB 1 PY 1991 VL 538 IS 2 BP 469 EP 473 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88871-3 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EY985 UT WOS:A1991EY98500029 PM 2016389 ER PT J AU ANDERSEN, AA AF ANDERSEN, AA TI COMPARISON OF AVIAN CHLAMYDIA-PSITTACI ISOLATES BY RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS AND SEROVAR-SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OVINE ORIGIN; CELLS AB Avian Chlamydia psittaci isolates were examined by restriction endonuclease analysis and serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies and compared with ovine abortion and polyarthritis isolates. The avian isolates were divided into four serovars (turkey, psittacine, pegeon, and duck) based on their reactivity to the monoclonal antibodies. The DNA digest patterns were similar across the four avian serovars; most bands were identical when the isolates were tested with PstI, BamHI, and EcoRI restriction endonuclease enzymes. The turkey group restriction endonuclease analysis patterns were distinguished from those of the other avian strains by three to four band differences with all enzymes. The duck and pigeon isolates showed only minor DNA pattern differences when compared with the psittacine isolates. Four psittacine isolates from various locations in Texas had an extra band with the EcoRI restriction enzyme, suggesting that they were from a common source; however, they were indistinguishable from the other psittacine isolates when examined with the monoclonal antibodies. The avian isolates were distinctly different from either abortion or polyarthritis isolates by both restriction endonuclease analysis and monoclonal antibody analysis. The data demonstrate that the avian isolates form a distinct group or separate biovar with at least four serovars. RP ANDERSEN, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AVIAN DIS RES UNIT,POB 70,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 29 IS 2 BP 244 EP 249 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ET578 UT WOS:A1991ET57800004 PM 1848867 ER PT J AU BITMAN, J WOOD, DL BRIGHT, SA MILLER, RH CAPUCO, AV ROCHE, A PANKEY, JW AF BITMAN, J WOOD, DL BRIGHT, SA MILLER, RH CAPUCO, AV ROCHE, A PANKEY, JW TI LIPID-COMPOSITION OF TEAT CANAL KERATIN COLLECTED BEFORE AND AFTER MILKING FROM HOLSTEIN AND JERSEY COWS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE KERATIN; LIPIDS; MILKING ID BOVINE AB In three experiments, keratin was collected from individual teats of 40 Holstein and 20 Jersey cows immediately before and after milking. In Experiments 1 and 2, keratin collected from teats of 20 Holstein cows before milking was compared with keratin collected after milking. In Experiment 3, keratin was collected from two teats of 20 Jersey and 20 Holstein cows before milking and compared to the other two teats of the same cows after milking. All three experiments yielded similar results. In Holsteins, keratin weight before milking was 1.6 times greater than keratin weight after milking (3.1 vs. 1.9 mg). In Jerseys, only small amounts of keratin were removed during milking (3.5 mg before vs. 3.1 mg after). In Holsteins and Jerseys, neutral lipid concentration was 1.6 times greater after milking than before, suggesting that when keratin was removed during milking, only moderate amounts of lipid were removed. In Holsteins, total lipid collected per teat was similar before or after milking (59.2 vs. 48.5-mu-g). Results demonstrate that keratin collected after milking had a different lipid composition than keratin collected before milking. C1 UNIV VERMONT,ANIM HLTH LAB,S BURLINGTON,VT 05403. RP BITMAN, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 414 EP 420 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA FC969 UT WOS:A1991FC96900008 PM 1710628 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, CK HUNTINGTON, GB TYRRELL, HF REYNOLDS, PJ AF REYNOLDS, CK HUNTINGTON, GB TYRRELL, HF REYNOLDS, PJ TI NET ABSORPTION OF MACROMINERALS BY PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA OF LACTATING HOLSTEIN COWS AND BEEF STEERS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA; MINERALS; ABSORPTION ID NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS; CALCIUM; MINERALS; SHEEP; METABOLISM; MAGNESIUM; GLUCOSE; FIBER AB Net absorption of macrominerals by portal-drained viscera of cattle was measured in two experiments. In Experiment 1, net portal-drained visceral and liver flux of Na, K, Ca, P, and Mg were measured in four lactating Holstein cows fed a 60: 40 corn silage: concentrate diet ad libitum and milked at 12-h intervals. Twelve measurements of net flux (venous-arterial concentration difference x blood plasma flow) were obtained hourly at 4 and 8 wk postpartum. Intake of DM and milk yield averaged 15.6 and 32.2 kg/d, respectively. Excluding Na, net absorption of these macrominerals was measurable across portal-drained viscera. Flux of Na was negative at wk 4 postpartum (net removal from blood) and positive at wk 8 (net absorption into blood). Excluding Mg, differences in venous-arterial concentrations for macrominerals across the liver were not different from zero. In Experiment 2, net portal-drained visceral flux of Na, K, Ca, P, and Mg was partitioned into stomach and poststomach sections in two Hereford steers. Poststomach tissues accounted for essentially all such absorption of K, Ca, and P and, on a net basis, removed Na and Mg. Stomach tissues absorbed Mg and small amounts of K, Ca, and P. Net stomach flux of Na was positive, denoting net absorption, but highly variable. Net portal-drained visceral absorption of K increased with intake in both experiments. Net portal-drained visceral absorption of P was greater than total intake in both experiments, reflecting recycling of P via saliva and other digestive secretions. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,RUMINANT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 450 EP 459 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA FC969 UT WOS:A1991FC96900015 PM 2045553 ER PT J AU LUCY, MC STAPLES, CR MICHEL, FM THATCHER, WW BOLT, DJ AF LUCY, MC STAPLES, CR MICHEL, FM THATCHER, WW BOLT, DJ TI EFFECT OF FEEDING CALCIUM SOAPS TO EARLY POSTPARTUM DAIRY-COWS ON PLASMA PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA LUTEINIZING-HORMONE, AND FOLLICULAR-GROWTH SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FOLLICLE; FATTY ACIDS; PROSTAGLANDIN F2-ALPHA ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; SUPPRESSED ENDOGENOUS PRODUCTION; NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY; PHYSIOLOGICAL INFUSION; RUMINAL FERMENTATION; BEEF-COWS; OVARIAN; CATTLE; INTERRELATIONSHIPS; METABOLISM AB Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 18) were fed a total mixed ration containing corn silage, corn grain, whole cottonseed, soybean meal, dried distillers grains, and chopped bermudagrass hay (control) or same diet plus Ca salts of long-chain fatty acids (2.2% of diet DM) for the first 60 d postpartum. Predicted energy balance was calculated from DM intake, milk yield and composition, and BW. On d 25 postpartum, cows were injected with 25 mg of prostaglandin F2-alpha and treated for 15 d with an intravaginal device containing 1.9 g progesterone. Profiles of 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin F2-alpha (d 1 to 21) and plasma triglycerides (d 7 to 60) were similar between groups. Average number of follicles, determined by ultrasonography prior to d 25, tended to differ between groups; controls had more 3- to 5-mm and fewer 6- to 9-mm follicles than the group of fat-fed cows. Basal, smoothed mean concentration, and average luteinizing hormone amplitude, determined by 10-min samples for 8 h on d 10, were not significantly different between groups. Increasing predicted energy balance was associated with increased pulse amplitude and diameter of the largest follicle on d 10. During the progesterone treatment period and the postprogesterone treatment estrous cycle, cows fed fat had greater numbers of 3- to 5-mm and >15-mm follicles. In conclusion, feeding fat did not influence 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin F2-alpha or luteinizing hormone dynamics but did alter the average number of follicles within different size classes and the diameter of largest and second largest follicle after progesterone treatment. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT DAIRY SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,REPROD LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 34 TC 89 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 483 EP 489 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA FC969 UT WOS:A1991FC96900019 PM 2045557 ER PT J AU HOESCHELE, I VANRADEN, PM AF HOESCHELE, I VANRADEN, PM TI RAPID INVERSION OF DOMINANCE RELATIONSHIP MATRICES FOR NONINBRED POPULATIONS BY INCLUDING SIRE BY DAM SUBCLASS EFFECTS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DOMINANCE RELATIONSHIPS; MATRIX INVERSION; NONINBRED POPULATIONS ID COMPUTING INVERSE; PREDICTION; MODEL AB For estiamtion of dominance effects and dominance variance, the inverse of a dominance relationship matrix is required. Dominance effects can be partitioned into sire x dam or sire x maternal grandsire subclass effects that are inherited and residuals within subclass that are not inherited. The subclass effects have immediate use in predicting performance of offspring from prospective matings. A rapid method for directly computing the inverse relationship matrix of subclass effects is presented. The procedure is similar to Henderson's simple method of computing an inverse additive genetic relationship matrix. The inverse relationship matrix among subclass effects consists of a contribution from each subclass of coefficients of a matrix of maximum size 9 x 9. The algorithm can be modified to compute the inverse of the relationship matrix among sire x dam or sire x maternal grandsire subclasses and among individual dominance effects. Computing cost increases approximately linearly with dimensions of inverses. Dimensions could be several times the number of subclasses in the data because subclasses without records but providing relationship ties must be added. Computation of the inverse relationship matrix among 136,827 sire x maternal grandsire subclasses in a population of 765,868 animals required 163 central processing unit seconds on an IBM 3090 and less than 4 Mbytes of memory. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIMAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HOESCHELE, I (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT DAIRY SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 20 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 557 EP 569 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA FC969 UT WOS:A1991FC96900027 PM 2045562 ER PT J AU VANRADEN, PM HOESCHELE, I AF VANRADEN, PM HOESCHELE, I TI RAPID INVERSION OF ADDITIVE BY ADDITIVE RELATIONSHIP MATRICES BY INCLUDING SIRE-DAM COMBINATION EFFECTS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ADDITIVE BY ADDITIVE RELATIONSHIPS; RECURRENCE RELATIONSHIPS; MATRIX INVERSION ID COMPUTING INVERSE; PREDICTION AB Inverses of relationship matrices are useful for prediction of individual additive or nonadditive genetic merits and for estimation of variance components. An algorithm to form inverses of additive by additive relationship matrices rapidly from lists of individuals and their parents was developed. The algorithm uses simple recurrences among additive by additive and sire-dam combination effects to construct inverses for noninbred or inbred populations. Dimensions of matrices produced may be several times the number of individuals in the population because combination effects for sire-dam subclasses must be included in matrices. Rules of inheritance of sire-dam combination effects are the same as for dominance combination effects. Cost of forming inverses increases linearly with number of individuals. Each individual contributes 36 or fewer nonzero coefficients, and each sire-dam subclass contributes an additional 81 or fewer nonzero coefficients to the matrix. Computation of inverse of the relationship matrix due to 1003 sires and maternal grandsires of 765,868 cows required forming a matrix of order 137,830 and 4 Mbytes of memory. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT DAIRY SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP VANRADEN, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 570 EP 579 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA FC969 UT WOS:A1991FC96900028 PM 2045563 ER PT J AU POWELL, RL AF POWELL, RL TI IMPACT OF IMPORTED DAUGHTERS ON EVALUATIONS OF THEIR SIRES SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SIRE EVALUATION; BIAS; MERIT OF MATES AB Degree of bias in Modified Contemporary Comparison evaluations from including imported daughters was investigated to determine its impact on sire evaluation and subsequent development of conversion formulas between countries. Separate Modified Contemporary Deviations were computed from all daughters, only daughters with US dams, and only daughters with Canadian dams (daughters considered to be imported) for 31 Canadian Holstein bulls with a Repeatability of at least 40% in each subset. The deviations from daughters of Canadian dams were lower than those from daughters of US dams. Deviations weighted by product of Repeatabilities were significantly lower for both milk (113 kg) and fat (2.5 kg) for the subset of imported daughters. Lower evaluations for Canadian bulls did not affect conversion factors appreciably because 88% of daughters had US dams. However, demonstration of bias (apparently due to merit of mates) led to implementation of separate Canadian unknown-parent groups in animal model evaluations. For unknown dams of recently born cows, PTA for milk yield were about 250 kg lower for Canadian dams than for US dams. Daughter yield deviations averaged only 10 kg milk and .1 kg fat less for daughters of Canadian dams than for daughters of US dams. Correlations between subsets of daughters were near 1. RP POWELL, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 623 EP 628 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA FC969 UT WOS:A1991FC96900033 ER PT J AU CARPENTER, JE YOUNG, JR AF CARPENTER, JE YOUNG, JR TI INTERACTION OF INHERITED STERILITY AND INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN THE FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; RADIATION; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE ID LARVAE AB Larvae of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), from both irradiated (10 krad) and untreated parents taken from carbaryl-resistant and carbaryl-susceptible strains were studied to determine the effects of inherited sterility on their ability to resist certain insecticides. No interaction was evident between radiation treatment and insecticide resistance or between radiation treatment and strain performance. The level of induced mortality was largely a factor of the insecticide used and the fall armyworm strain. RP CARPENTER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 25 EP 27 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EX421 UT WOS:A1991EX42100004 ER PT J AU FIRKO, MJ HAYES, JL AF FIRKO, MJ HAYES, JL TI QUANTITATIVE GENETIC-ANALYSIS OF LARVAL RESISTANCE TO CYPERMETHRIN IN TOBACCO BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HERITABILITY OF RESISTANCE; TOLERANCE; ADDITIVE GENETIC VARIATION ID INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; DROSOPHILA; KNOCKDOWN; SELECTION; MOTH AB We examined quantitative genetic variation in larval tolerance to cypermethrin in a colony of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), started by eggs collected from cotton in Mississippi. With sibling analysis, we detected significant additive genetic variation in larval tolerance, thus demonstrating that tolerance phenotypes in this population are highly heritable (h2 [narrow-sense heritability] = 0.85 +/- 0.40) and that the population has potential for further increases in tolerance to cypermethrin. We tested the accuracy of our heritability estimate by selecting for increased tolerance to cypermethrin and comparing predicted with actual response. Because average larval weight at time of treatment was different before and after selection, we used empirically derived relationships between tolerance and weight to adjust tolerance scores. Response to selection (increased mean population tolerance) predicted by our estimate of heritability was similar to the actual response measured (predicted = 4.62, actual = 4.66). Estimates of heritability are therefore capable of accurately predicting short-term response to selection in the laboratory and may also be useful for field populations. Our results suggest that repeated field applications of cypermethrin will further increase tolerance levels within the source population and favor development of resistance. C1 USDA ARS,SO FIELD CROP INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EX421 UT WOS:A1991EX42100006 ER PT J AU HELLMICH, RL RINDERER, TE DANKA, RG COLLINS, AM BOYKIN, DL AF HELLMICH, RL RINDERER, TE DANKA, RG COLLINS, AM BOYKIN, DL TI FLIGHT TIMES OF AFRICANIZED AND EUROPEAN HONEY-BEE DRONES (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; APIS-MELLIFERA DRONES; AFRICANIZED BEES; MATING ID APIS-MELLIFERA AB Flight activities of Africanized honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) drones were compared with those of two color morphs of European drones in Venezuela. European drones departed from colonies 19 +/- 2 (xBAR +/- SEM) min earlier, and flight times were more variable than those of Africanized drones. Mean flight time differences decreased as the drones aged and were similar whether drones were flying from Africanized or European colonies. Overlap of their flight distributions was > 70%, which suggests that interbreeding of the two types of bees will be substantial under most natural conditions. Black and yellow European drones flew at similar times with similar variances, which precludes the idea that flight time differences are due to body color. RP HELLMICH, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EX421 UT WOS:A1991EX42100010 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, M ROBERTSON, JL AF SHAPIRO, M ROBERTSON, JL TI NATURAL VARIABILITY OF 3 GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATES OF GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; BIOLOGICAL VARIATION ID NUCLEOPOLYHEDROSIS AB Variations in biological activities of three geographic isolates of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) were determined in the laboratory. The median LC50 varied from 0.17 +/- 0.19 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) per mm2 (Abington, Massachusetts isolate) to 17.4 +/- 13.5 PIB per mm2 (Dalmatia, Yugoslavia), a difference of about 102-fold. Activity of samples within the two North American isolates (Abington, Mass., and Hamden, Conn.) was approximately 15- and 20-fold, respectively; variation of individual samples within the Dalmatia isolate was approximately 17.5-fold at LC50. At LC90, variation was slightly greater within each North American isolate (23- and 35-fold for Abington and Hamden, respectively), but smaller for the Dalmatia isolate (14.5-fold). Samples of each NPV isolate exhibited a skewed distribution of activities at both LC50 and LC90. Plots of LC50 versus LC90 identified the samples within each isolate that merit selective propagation. C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EX421 UT WOS:A1991EX42100012 ER PT J AU ROTH, JP FINCHER, GT SUMMERLIN, JW AF ROTH, JP FINCHER, GT SUMMERLIN, JW TI SUITABILITY OF IRRADIATED OR FREEZE-KILLED HORN FLY (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) PUPAE AS HOSTS FOR HYMENOPTERAN PARASITOIDS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS; PARASITOIDS; HOST SUITABILITY ID MUSCIDIFURAX-ZARAPTOR HYMENOPTERA; EAST CENTRAL TEXAS; PTEROMALIDAE AB The suitability of horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), pupae killed by irradiation or freezing as hosts for Spalangia cameroni (Perkins) was examined. Irradiation at 50 kR completely inhibited eclosion of adult horn flies; they were initially as suitable as live horn fly pupae as hosts for S. cameroni. However, suitability declined if irradiated pupae were stored > 2 wk at 5-degrees-C. Freeze-killed horn fly pupae consistently produced fewer S. cameroni than live pupae, but frozen pupae could be stored for extended periods without a further decline in suitability. Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani) reproduced as well on freeze-killed horn fly pupae as it did on live or irradiated pupae. RP ROTH, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 94 EP 98 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EX421 UT WOS:A1991EX42100016 ER PT J AU MCLAUGHLIN, JR TUMLINSON, JH MORI, K AF MCLAUGHLIN, JR TUMLINSON, JH MORI, K TI RESPONSES OF MALE DIABROTICA-BALTEATA (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) TO STEREOISOMERS OF THE SEX-PHEROMONE 6,12-DIMETHYLPENTADECAN-2-ONE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DIABROTICA-BALTEATA; SEMIOCHEMICALS; ATTRACTANTS ID 8-METHYL-2-DECYL PROPANOATE; CORN-ROOTWORM; IDENTIFICATION AB Results of field trapping experiments indicate that the bioactive form of the female sex pheromone of the banded cucumber beetle, Diabrotica balteata LeConte, is (R,R) 6,12-dimethylpentadecan-2-one. The three other stereoisomers of this chemical do not attract males into traps and do not appear to inhibit the capture of males by the bioactive isomer. A 300-mu-g load of the RR isomer on a rubber stopper is an effective bait for field use. The racemic material loaded at 1,200-mu-g was equally as effective. Captures of males declined significantly with baits whose RR content was > 300-mu-g. Comparison of two different batches of racemic material revealed a small but significant difference in their effectiveness in trapping males. The reason for this difference is not known. RP MCLAUGHLIN, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 99 EP 102 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EX421 UT WOS:A1991EX42100017 ER PT J AU CLINE, LD AF CLINE, LD TI PROGENY PRODUCTION AND ADULT LONGEVITY OF CRYPTOLESTES-PUSILLUS (COLEOPTERA, CUCUJIDAE) ON BROKEN AND WHOLE CORN AT SELECTED HUMIDITIES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; PROGENY PRODUCTION; LONGEVITY; CRYPTOLESTES-PUSILLUS AB Cryptolestes pusillus (Schonherr) adults lived longer and produced significantly more progeny on corn (Zea mays L.) at 75 and 84% RH than at 43% RH. Beetles generally produced more progeny on coarsely cracked corn that on meal, halves, or whole kernels. Humidity (with one exception) did not significantly affect progeny production on identical diets at 75 and 84% RH. Males lived longer than females. Longevity and progeny production on whole-corn kernels at all humidities and on all diets at 43% RH were greatly reduced. RP CLINE, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 120 EP 125 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EX421 UT WOS:A1991EX42100020 ER PT J AU CHARLET, LD AF CHARLET, LD TI OVERWINTERING SURVIVAL AND EMERGENCE PATTERN FOR THE SUNFLOWER BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN THE NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; ZYGOGRAMMA-EXCLAMATIONIS; COLEOPTERA; SUNFLOWER AB Adult sunflower beetle, Zygogramma exclamationis (F.), emergence began as early as 20 April and continued for an average of 48 d each year during 1985-1988. First emergence began at a mean of 232 degree-days (DD) (Julian data [JD] 120) and by 395 DD (JD 131), 50% of the adults had emerged. Calendar date and DD were equally accurate in predicting first and 50% emergence. Cumulative emergence of females was more rapid than that of males in three of the four study years, but patterns were similar. Initial feeding by adults probably occurred on native and volunteer sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., because most had emerged before commercial sunflower in North Dakota and Minnesota were available. Winter survival of adults varied from 3 to 51% during the four years, with no difference between inhabitants of clay or sandy-loam soils. RP CHARLET, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 132 EP 135 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EX421 UT WOS:A1991EX42100022 ER PT J AU HAMMACK, L AF HAMMACK, L TI OVIPOSITION BY SCREWWORM FLIES (DIPTERA, CALLIPHORIDAE) ON CONTACT WITH HOST FLUIDS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX; OVIPOSITION STIMULANTS; PROVIDENCIA-RETTGERI ID COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX DIPTERA; INCUBATED BOVINE BLOOD; SECONDARY SCREWWORM; LUCILIA-CUPRINA; FLY; ATTRACTANT; RESPONSES; OLFACTOMETER; BACTERIA; BEHAVIOR AB Factors affecting oviposition by screwworm flies, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), contacting different host fluids were examined in a laboratory bioassay. Fresh bovine blood, which does not release the attractive odors involved in host finding, nevertheless stimulated as many or more females to oviposit than did the other fluids tested. These other fluids included attractive fluid from screwworm-infested wounds (a favored oviposition site in nature) and cultures of Providencia rettgeri (a bacterium implicated in attractant production). Oviposition did not vary with batch of fresh blood or frozen storage, making blood a useful standard for comparing oviposition rates among studies. Oviposition did vary with the substrate to which the blood was applied, suggesting that an interaction between tactile and chemical stimuli is important for host recognition. Both insemination and darkness during bioassay increased oviposition rates, but the magnitude of these effects was small compared with that due to substrate. Age had no effect for at least 1 wk after females became gravid. RP HAMMACK, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 185 EP 190 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EX421 UT WOS:A1991EX42100031 PM 2019681 ER PT J AU SKODA, SR THOMAS, GD CAMPBELL, JB AF SKODA, SR THOMAS, GD CAMPBELL, JB TI DEVELOPMENTAL SITES AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF IMMATURE STAGES OF THE STABLE FLY (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) IN BEEF-CATTLE FEEDLOT PENS IN EASTERN NEBRASKA SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS; IMMATURE DEVELOPMENT; FEEDLOT ENVIRONMENT ID CALCITRANS L DIPTERA; POPULATIONS AB A 3-yr study was done to determine where and at what relative frequency stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), immatures develop in beef cattle feedlot pens and the relationship of stable fly immature versus adult sample densities. Pens within feedlots were divided into five areas (the feed apron, back fence, side fences, mound, and the general lot); from each area, three core samples were randomly taken weekly. In 1986 and 1987, the feed apron yielded the most immature stable flies (62.5%). The mound and side fences yielded a significant percentage of flies (24.6 and 8.4%, respectively). There was a strong correlation (overall r = 0.86) between numbers of immatures and numbers of adults 2 wk later. In 1988, a drought year, low numbers of immatures were collected, and only one correlation between numbers of immatures and adults was significant. In all 3 yr, sample densities of stable fly immatures peaked and began to decline by midseason. Waste management along the feed apron and mound areas could significantly reduce stable fly populations. Sampling immatures from these areas could permit prediction of adult numbers. C1 W CENT RES & EXTENS CTR,N PLATTE,NE 69101. RP SKODA, SR (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,MIDWEST LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES UNIT,DEPT ENTOMOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 18 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 191 EP 197 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EX421 UT WOS:A1991EX42100032 PM 2019682 ER PT J AU FORNEY, CF AUNG, LH BRANDL, DG SODERSTROM, EL MOSS, JI AF FORNEY, CF AUNG, LH BRANDL, DG SODERSTROM, EL MOSS, JI TI REDUCTION OF ADENOSINE-TRIPHOSPHATE IN EGGS OF FULLER ROSE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) INDUCED BY LETHAL TEMPERATURE AND METHYL-BROMIDE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; ASYNONYCHUS-GODMANI; EGG MORTALITY; ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE AB The concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in relation to the viability of Fuller rose beetle, Asynonychus godmani Crotch, eggs was determined with the firefly, Photinus pyralis (L.), bioluminescent assay. ATP concentrations decreased significantly when eggs were killed by freezing, hot water, or methyl bromide fumigation. Two hours after eggs were frozen in liquid nitrogen, the ATP concentration was only 5% that of unfrozen, live eggs. The ATP concentration decreased logarithmically for the first 30 min after freezing; the ATP half-life was estimated to be 12.9 min. ATP concentrations in eggs killed by a 3-min dip in 55-degrees-C water dropped 40% 2 h after treatment. In eggs fumigated for 2 h with 80 g/m3 methyl bromide, the ATP concentration did not decrease for 8 h following treatment. However, after 24 h, ATP concentrations were 50% less than the nonfumigated eggs. The Fuller rose beetle eggs killed by all three treatments contained significantly less ATP than live eggs 24 h following treatment. Thus, the results suggest that the firefly bioluminescent ATP assay could serve as a rapid screening method for ascertaining Fuller rose beetle egg viability. RP FORNEY, CF (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,POSTHARVEST QUAL & GENET RES UNIT,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 198 EP 201 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EX421 UT WOS:A1991EX42100033 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, JA WOFFORD, PL AF JOHNSON, JA WOFFORD, PL TI EFFECTS OF AGE ON RESPONSE OF EGGS OF INDIANMEAL MOTH AND NAVEL-ORANGE WORM (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) TO SUBFREEZING TEMPERATURES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; AMYELOIS-TRANSITELLA; COLD TOLERANCE ID CODLING MOTH AB The response of eggs of two pyralid moths to exposure to subfreezing temperatures was studied. Egg age at the time of exposure greatly affected the tolerance of Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), and the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), to low temperatures. Indianmeal moth eggs incubated at 28-degrees-C for 33 +/- 8 h were more tolerant of exposure to temperatures of between -12 and -18-degrees-C than eggs 57 +/- 8 h old. Additional studies showed that Indianmeal moth eggs between 27 and 51 +/- 8 h old and exposed to -15 and -19-degrees-C were the most tolerant and that eggs older than 57 +/- 8 h were the least tolerant. Navel orangeworm eggs showed a similar response, with eggs between 34 and 74 +/- 6 h old being the most tolerant and eggs older than 82 +/- 6 h being the least tolerant. Because of their comparative tolerance to low temperatures, middle-aged eggs of both species are most suitable for development for low temperature treatments of between -15 and -19-degrees-C. RP JOHNSON, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,COMMOD PROTECT & QUARANTINE INSECT RES UNIT,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 202 EP 205 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EX421 UT WOS:A1991EX42100034 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, RG SOWER, LL AF MITCHELL, RG SOWER, LL TI LIFE-HISTORY OF THE WESTERN PINE SHOOT BORER (LEPIDOPTERA, OLETHREUTIDAE) AND EFFECTS ON LODGEPOLE PINE IN CENTRAL OREGON SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; EUCOSMA-SONOMANA; PHENOLOGY; HEAT ACCUMULATION ID PONDEROSA PINE; PLANTATIONS AB The biology of the western pine shoot borer, Eucosma sonomana Kearfott, was investigated on young lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) from 1987 through 1989 in central Oregon. In the stands studied, 65-80% of the terminals were infested. Attacks were common on trees as small as 0.5 m tall, and infestation levels were high through the seedling and sapling stages. About 50% of the infested terminals contained two or more larvae. Symptoms of attack on lodgepole pine (short needles, short terminal shoots, dead shoots, and exit holes) were similar to those on ponderosa pine (P. ponderosa Douglas ex Laws.), but they were more subtle. Our observations suggest that exclusion of shoot borers increased the average height growth in two young lodgepole pine stands by congruent-to-24% per year. At intermediate elevations for lodgepole pine (1,340-1,370 m), moth flight and oviposition began in April with the accumulation of 55 degree-days (DD) above 5.5-degrees-C and before terminal growth on lodgepole pine had begun. The first larvae appeared in May at 240 DD, when moth flight and 75% complete and terminal growth on lodgepole pine was 40% complete. Larvae began leaving terminals for winter hibernation in early July at 600 DD, when terminal growth was 99% complete; the last larvae left in mid-August at 940 DD. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,PORTLAND,OR 97208. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 206 EP 211 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EX421 UT WOS:A1991EX42100035 ER PT J AU BRYANT, VM PENDLETON, M MURRY, RE LINGREN, PD RAULSTON, JR AF BRYANT, VM PENDLETON, M MURRY, RE LINGREN, PD RAULSTON, JR TI TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING POLLEN ADHERING TO NECTAR-FEEDING CORN-EARWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) MOTHS USING SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; POLLEN STUDIES; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; MOTH MIGRATION ID LONG AB Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), male moths (399) were collected from sex pheromone traps during spring and late summer for determination and identification of attached pollen. Comparisons made between dissecting light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that direct mounting and viewing by SEM is a much more reliable technique for locating and separating pollen from other debris and for identifying pollen types. Red fingernail polish provides good conductive surfaces and better bonding for mounting specimens to SEM stubs than does silver paint and several other mounting media. Viewing all moth specimens by SEM is more costly, but added cost is partially offset by time saved in eliminating the preliminary examination by dissecting microscopes (almost-equal-to 15 min per specimen). About 3.5 h are required for preparation, analysis, and reporting results from individual moth specimens when using only SEM. C1 USDA ARS,SCARL,LANE,OK 74555. USDA ARS,SARL,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP BRYANT, VM (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,PALYNOL LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 237 EP 240 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EX421 UT WOS:A1991EX42100041 ER PT J AU BANKS, WA ADAMS, CT LOFGREN, CS AF BANKS, WA ADAMS, CT LOFGREN, CS TI DAMAGE TO YOUNG CITRUS TREES BY THE RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; CITRUS; ECONOMIC DAMAGE ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; COLONIES; DIET AB Surveys of 2,384 ha of young citrus groves in Florida in 1982 showed that red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, were abundant (xBAR = 366.8 nests per ha). The ants built their mounds around or near the base of young citrus trees 1-4 yr old and fed on the bark and cambium to obtain sap, often girdling and killing the tree. In the spring, they also chewed off new growth at the tips of branches and fed on flowers or developing fruit. In central Florida, survival of citrus trees increased when the number of ants was reduced and maintained at low levels with insecticidal bait. Tree mortality was 5.5-6.6 times higher in the untreated than in the treated sections of grove. Replacement costs for dead trees were $214.65-$843.11 higher in untreated than in treated 1.0-ha test plots. RP BANKS, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECTS AFFECTING MAN & ANIM RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 241 EP 246 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EX421 UT WOS:A1991EX42100042 ER PT J AU BELDING, MJ ISARD, SA HEWINGS, AD IRWIN, ME AF BELDING, MJ ISARD, SA HEWINGS, AD IRWIN, ME TI PHOTOVOLTAIC-POWERED SUCTION TRAP FOR WEAKLY FLYING INSECTS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SUCTION TRAP; APHIDS; AERIAL SAMPLING AB A small suction trap for sampling weakly flying insects such as aphids has been designed and constructed for use at study sites where grid electrical power is unavailable. The four 12-V, brushless, DC fans mounted in a square plenum are powered by a deep cycle battery that is charged by a photovoltaic panel. The fans and timer are turned on and off by a photoelectric control mounted on the trap. The cost of the solar panel, battery, fans, and other materials was approximately $700 per trap. The traps are designed for capturing insects alive but can be easily modified for collecting insects in alcohol. Use of these suction traps in experimental plots within a field permits analysis of spatial variations in aerial densities of weakly flying insects. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT GEOG,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. RP BELDING, MJ (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV,DEPT GEOG,200 KIRKWOOD HALL,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47401, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 306 EP 310 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EX421 UT WOS:A1991EX42100053 ER PT J AU KINDLER, SD SPRINGER, TL JENSEN, KB AF KINDLER, SD SPRINGER, TL JENSEN, KB TI DIFFERENTIAL DAMAGE TO RANGE GRASS SEEDLINGS BY RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; HOST PLANT RESISTANCE; RANGE GRASSES ID AGROPYRON-REPENS AB Resistance to feeding damage by the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), was studied in the greenhouse on seedlings of nine range grass species: Elytrigia dasystachya (Hook.) A. Love & D. Love, Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp. intermedia, Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski, Elytrigia spicata (Pursh) D. R. Dewey, Elytrigia stipifolia (Czern. ex Nevski) Nevski, Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinn, Elymus cinereus Scribner & Merr., Elymus junceus Fischer, and Leymus karelinii (Turcz.) Tzvelev, and two hybrids between Elytrigia repens and Elytrigia spicata and Elytrigia repens and Elytrigia stipifolia. Based on the amount of feeding damage, plant introductions (PI 440065 and PI 440066) of Elytrigia repens and the hybrids between Elytrigia repens and Elytrigia spicata (RS and RS1) and Elytrigia repens and Elytrigia stipifolia were resistant. All other entries were susceptible. It may be possible to use Elytrigia repens entries with Russian wheat aphid resistance to make interspecific crosses to a broad range of grasses for the purpose of developing Russian wheat aphid-resistant grass hybrids. RP KINDLER, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 8 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 333 EP 336 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EX421 UT WOS:A1991EX42100058 ER PT J AU DIAWARA, MM HILL, NS WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ AF DIAWARA, MM HILL, NS WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ TI PANICLE-STAGE RESISTANCE TO SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) IN CONVERTED SORGHUM ACCESSIONS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; FALL ARMYWORM; SORGHUM-BICOLOR; ANTIBIOSIS ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; PLANT-RESISTANCE; MERIDIC DIET; DIGESTION; LARVAE; GROWTH; CORN AB Differential developmental responses of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), were compared after larvae were fed milk stage spikelets (complete florets) of field-grown converted sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) accessions incorporated into a meridic diet. Larvae fed diet supplemented with spikelets of 'International Sorghum (IS) 12592 Converted (C)' were significantly smaller compared with those fed diet supplemented with spikelets of the released resistant hybrid 'Northrup King Savanna 5'. Feeding on diet containing the genotypes 'IS1340C', IS2246C', 'IS2569C', 'IS7498C', 'IS12617C', or 'IS12683C' resulted in a significantly longer duration of the larval stage of fall armyworm than feeding on diet containing the resistant check NK Savanna 5. Pupal weights of fall armyworm that were fed diet supplemented with 'IS2403C', 'IS2569C', 'IS7498C', 'IS12617C', or 'IS12657C' were significantly less compared with those of fall armyworm fed the resistant check. Weights of fall armyworm larvae were positively correlated with higher concentrations of crude protein (total nitrogen) in sorghum spikelets. The concentrations of lignin were inversely correlated with the duration of the larval development. When resistant and susceptible sorghum genotypes were considered separately, the concentration of tannin and the ratio of lignin/neutral detergent fiber were negatively correlated with the duration of the larval development in the resistant genotypes but positively correlated in the susceptible genotypes. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP DIAWARA, MM (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 84 IS 1 BP 337 EP 344 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA EX421 UT WOS:A1991EX42100059 ER PT J AU PASQUARELL, GC AF PASQUARELL, GC TI ANTIGRANULOCYTES FLOWS - BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS FOR SLIGHTLY BUMPY WALLS SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SPHERICAL-PARTICLES; CIRCULAR DISKS; PLANE FLOWS; SHEAR; STRESSES; SMOOTH AB An approximation analytical solution of the boundary conditions of Pasquarell and Ackermann is presented for the simple shear Couette flow of identical, smooth, slightly inelastic disks in the limit where a parametric measure of the wall form roughness is small. Excellent agreement is shown between the approximate solution and a numerical solution of the original integral equations. The solution predicts that simple shear Couette flow only occurs for unique combinations of wall and particle properties. As the wall form roughness decreases, so must the wall elasticity in order to sustain simple shear. The theory is applied to previous experimental work in which shear cells were used to study granular flows. Experimental observations comparing soft to hard walls and bumpy to smooth walls are explained in the context of the theory. It is shown that the accuracy of such experimental results is greatly increased when the walls in the shear cells are nearly elastic and roughened with closely spaced elements of dimenisions on the same order or larger than the diameter of the sheared particles. These boundary conditions may be employed in problems involving more dissipative disks than those considered herein. RP PASQUARELL, GC (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BOX 867,AIRPORT RD,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD FEB PY 1991 VL 117 IS 2 BP 312 EP 328 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1991)117:2(312) PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA EX121 UT WOS:A1991EX12100006 ER PT J AU BECKER, R WAGONER, P HANNERS, GD SAUNDERS, RM AF BECKER, R WAGONER, P HANNERS, GD SAUNDERS, RM TI COMPOSITIONAL, NUTRITIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL-EVALUATION OF INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS (THINOPYRUM-INTERMEDIUM) SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article AB 'Oahe' Intermediate Wheatgrass (IWG) seed was found to have higher levels of protein (20.8%), fat (3.21%), and ash (2.64%) than wheat. The IWG protein is nutritionally limiting in lysine, as is wheat, but has higher levels of all other essential amino acids than wheat. A flour beetle larvae bioassay and chemical trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinin tests demonstrated the absence of significant amounts of antinutrients. IWG kernels were milled with stone, impact, and roller mills. Stone milling resulted in a flour with farinograph characteristics more similar to those of whole wheat flour than did impact and roller milling. No gluten was found in IWG. Bread, muffins, cookies and cake containing various levels of IWG flour were evaluated by a sensory panel and judged to have every favourable appearance, texture, flavor and overall characteristics. RP BECKER, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 15 IS 1 BP 63 EP 77 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.1991.tb00154.x PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA FH408 UT WOS:A1991FH40800005 ER PT J AU DICKSON, JS MACNEIL, MD AF DICKSON, JS MACNEIL, MD TI CONTAMINATION OF BEEF TISSUE SURFACES BY CATTLE MANURE INOCULATED WITH SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM AND LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID MEAT SURFACES; ATTACHMENT; CARCASSES; BACTERIA; POULTRY; SKIN AB Contamination of beef lean and fat tissue surfaces by Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated using phosphate buffer or sterilized manure as an inoculation menstruum. Immersion in inoculated phosphate buffer resulted in an increase in numbers of attached cells during the 120 min inoculation for both bacterial species. Tissue immersed in inoculated manure generally showed an increase in cell numbers up to 10 min of immersion with only slight increases in cell numbers from 10 to 120 min. Fewer cells attached to either tissue type from the manure inoculum (P < 0.05), although actual numerical differences were small. RP DICKSON, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 54 IS 2 BP 102 EP 104 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA EX404 UT WOS:A1991EX40400003 ER PT J AU SIRAGUSA, GR NIELSEN, JW AF SIRAGUSA, GR NIELSEN, JW TI A MODIFIED MICROTITER PLATE METHOD FOR BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION OF LISTERIA SPP SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article AB A microtiter plate format previously reported for the biochemical characterization of microorganisms was modified by adding agar to all of the different test media instead of using a combination of liquid and solid media. This modification, termed the Modified Microtiter Plate procedure (MMP), offered the same advantages of the original method (labor saving, inexpensive, and custom designed for special needs) as well as having the added advantages of longer term storage prior to use and ease of handling. In this study, 60 bacterial isolates (both Listeria suspects and known Listeria cultures) were biotyped using the MMP protocol and compared to results obtained using the classical tube-based US-FDA recommended protocol as the standard identification method and the BBL-Minitek system. RP SIRAGUSA, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 54 IS 2 BP 121 EP & PG 0 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA EX404 UT WOS:A1991EX40400008 ER PT J AU PROBST, JR CROW, TR AF PROBST, JR CROW, TR TI INTEGRATING BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP PROBST, JR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 18 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 89 IS 2 BP 12 EP 17 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA EW271 UT WOS:A1991EW27100007 ER PT J AU UYUMAZ, A BLAISDELL, FW AF UYUMAZ, A BLAISDELL, FW TI EFFECTS OF AIR ENTRAINMENT ON PLUNGE POOL SCOUR - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion ID CANTILEVERED PIPE OUTLETS C1 USDA ARS,WATER CONSERV STRUCT LAB,STILLWATER,OK 74075. RP UYUMAZ, A (reprint author), ISTANBUL TECH UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,ISTANBUL 80626,TURKEY. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD FEB PY 1991 VL 117 IS 2 BP 256 EP 265 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1991)117:2(256) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA EV518 UT WOS:A1991EV51800010 ER PT J AU MECH, LD NELSON, ME MCROBERTS, RE AF MECH, LD NELSON, ME MCROBERTS, RE TI EFFECTS OF MATERNAL AND GRANDMATERNAL NUTRITION ON DEER MASS AND VULNERABILITY TO WOLF PREDATION SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; DIETARY-PROTEIN RESTRICTION; SUPERIOR NATIONAL FOREST; GENERATION F2 ALTERATION; DNA CELL NUMBER; NEW-YORK; PERFORMANCE; POPULATION; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL AB In a Minnesota ecosystem, mass of female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns and adults, and survival of adult females in the face of wolf (Canis lupus) predation, were directly related to maternal nutrition during gestation. Mass of single male fawns produced by 2-year-old females, and survival of yearlings to 2 years of age were related directly to the nutrition of their grandmothers. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. RP MECH, LD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 48 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 72 IS 1 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.2307/1381989 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EY283 UT WOS:A1991EY28300015 ER PT J AU CAREY, AB WITT, JW AF CAREY, AB WITT, JW TI TRACK COUNTS AS INDEXES TO ABUNDANCES OF ARBOREAL RODENTS SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Note C1 US BUR LAND MANAGEMENT,ROSEBURG,OR 97470. RP CAREY, AB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,OLYMPIA,WA 98502, USA. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 72 IS 1 BP 192 EP 194 DI 10.2307/1381996 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA EY283 UT WOS:A1991EY28300022 ER PT J AU APGAR, J EVERETT, GA AF APGAR, J EVERETT, GA TI LOW ZINC INTAKE AFFECTS MAINTENANCE OF PREGNANCY IN GUINEA-PIGS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE GUINEA PIGS; ABORTION; ZINC STATUS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME; FETAL LIVER ZINC ID LOW DIETARY ZINC; CONVERTING-ENZYME; DEFICIENCY; LACTATION; PLASMA; COPPER; GILTS; FEVER; RATS; EWES AB Zinc deficiency during pregnancy has severe effects in animals. To what extent the effects in animals apply to human pregnancy is not known. Because the pregnant guinea pig shares characteristics with pregnant women that make it a useful model, three experiments were done with guinea pigs in which Zn intake was reduced beginning on the 30th d of gestation. Reduced Zn intake in two of the three experiments resulted in abortion or premature delivery. Zinc-supplemented animals with feed intake restricted to that of Zn-deficient animals also aborted or delivered prematurely. Zinc-supplemented animals fed for ad libitum access delivered living young at term. Fetal/neonatal liver Zn concentration was low in the guinea pigs compared to that reported for other animals and was affected to a lesser extent by low Zn intake by the dam. Zinc concentration of neonatal plasma was also less than that in several other species. Change in activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme with addition of Zn in vitro was greater in the plasma of Zn-deficient guinea pigs than in that of Zn-adequate guinea pigs and may be useful as an indicator of Zn status. RP APGAR, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SOIL & NUTR,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 121 IS 2 BP 192 EP 200 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA EZ150 UT WOS:A1991EZ15000006 PM 1847415 ER PT J AU PEKAS, JC WRAY, JE AF PEKAS, JC WRAY, JE TI PRINCIPAL GASTROINTESTINAL VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH METABOLIC HEAT-PRODUCTION IN PIGS - STATISTICAL CLUSTER ANALYSES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE SMALL INTESTINE; VISCERAL ORGANS; FASTING HEAT PRODUCTION; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; PIGS ID ORGAN SIZE; ENERGETIC EFFICIENCY; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; BODY-COMPOSITION; NUTRITION; MAINTENANCE; MORPHOMETRY; INTESTINE; GROWTH; PLANE AB The purpose of this study was to classify organs/tissues into clusters according to their association with fasting heat production (FHP) by multivariate cluster analysis and to identify primary tissues. A data set consisting of 47 variables and 2256 data points was collected from 48 growing male pigs. Variance was perturbed by varying the daily feed allowance. Cluster analysis was conducted at each of six levels of body dissections, and a final analysis was conducted with all kidneys were consistently assigned to the FHP-cluster; stomach, cecum, and colon to clusters correlated, r > 0.5, to the FHP-cluster; carcass, thoracic and offal variables to unrelated clusters. In the final analysis with all 47 variables represented, only variables from the small intestine and jejunum were assigned to the FHP-cluster. It is concluded that the small intestine, which accounts for only 2% of the body weight, is a primal organ system in swine and that pancreas, liver, and kidneys are of similar importance. RP PEKAS, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 121 IS 2 BP 231 EP 239 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA EZ150 UT WOS:A1991EZ15000011 PM 1995792 ER PT J AU HARP, JA WHITMIRE, WM AF HARP, JA WHITMIRE, WM TI CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM INFECTION IN MICE - INABILITY OF LYMPHOID-CELLS OR CULTURE SUPERNATANTS TO TRANSFER PROTECTION FROM RESISTANT ADULTS TO SUSCEPTIBLE INFANTS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note AB The ability of murine lymphoid cells or culture supernatant fractions to transfer protection against Cryptosporidium parvum was examined. Spleen or mesentric lymph node (MLN) cells were taken from adult mice resistant to C. parvum and given either directly or following in vitro culture to infant mice. Neither spleen or MLN cells, nor cells or supernatant fractions from in vitro cultures transferred protection from resistant adult donors to susceptible infant recipients. These results may be due to limitations in the present model. Alternatively, the resistance of infant mice to C. parvum may not be immunologically mediated. RP HARP, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 77 IS 1 BP 170 EP 172 DI 10.2307/3282578 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA EX418 UT WOS:A1991EX41800029 PM 1992090 ER PT J AU GOUNARIS, I SHERWOOD, RT GUSTINE, DL AF GOUNARIS, I SHERWOOD, RT GUSTINE, DL TI STAMEN-SPECIFIC PROTEINS OF BUFFELGRASS (CENCHRUS-CILIARIS) SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CENCHRUS-CILIARIS; GAMETOPHYTE; MEGASPOROGENESIS; MICROSPOROGENESIS; PISTIL; STAMEN; SEX; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS ID FLORAL ORGANS; MICROSPOROGENESIS AB Total proteins were extracted from Cenchrus ciliaris L. (buffelgrass) pistils at the stages of megasporogenesis and of embryo sac enlargement and from anthers at the stages of microsporogenesis and of uninucleate microspore enlargement. They were analyzed by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Four stamen-specific proteins were detected. One of them was specific to the microsporogenesis stage and one to the uninucleate microspore stage. The other two were found in both stages. No pistil-specific protein was found among 300 spots examined. Two cultivars gave identical results. The stamen-specific proteins might be involved in sexual differentiation in this species or they could be gametophyte- or meiosis-specific proteins. RP GOUNARIS, I (reprint author), USDA ARS,REG PASTURE RES LAB,CURTIN RD,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 137 IS 4 BP 437 EP 440 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FC263 UT WOS:A1991FC26300009 ER PT J AU KUMOSINSKI, TF FARRELL, HM AF KUMOSINSKI, TF FARRELL, HM TI CALCIUM-INDUCED ASSOCIATIONS OF THE CASEINS - THERMODYNAMIC LINKAGE OF CALCIUM-BINDING TO COLLOIDAL STABILITY OF CASEIN MICELLES SO JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE THERMODYNAMIC LINKAGE; LIGAND-INDUCED ASSOCIATIONS; CASEINS ID BOVINE CASEIN; COWS MILK; PROTEINS; IONS; SIZE AB The caseins occur in milk as colloidal complexes of protein aggregates, calcium, and inorganic phosphate. As determined by electron microscopy, these particles are spherical and have approximately a 650 angstrom radius (casein micelles). In the absence of calcium, the protein aggregates themselves (submicelles) have been shown to result from mainly hydrophobic interactions. The fractional concentration of stable colloidal casein micelles can be obtained in a calcium caseinate solution by centrifugation at 1500 g. Thus, the amount of stable colloid present with varying Ca2+ concentrations can be determined and then analyzed by application of equations derived from Wyman's Thermodynamic Linkage Theory. Ca2+ -induced colloid stability profiles were obtained experimentally for model micelles consisting of only alpha-s-1-(a calcium insoluble casein) and the stabilizing protein kappa-casein, eliminating the complications arising from beta- and minor casein forms. Two distinct genetic variants alpha-s-1-A and B were used. Analysis of alpha-s-1-A colloid stability profiles yielded a precipitation (salting-out) constant k1, as well as colloid stability (salting-in) parameter k2. No variations of k1 or k2 were found with increasing amounts of kappa-casein. From the variation of the amount of colloidal casein capable of being stabilized vs. amount of added kappa-casein an association constant of 4 L/g could be calculated for the complexation of alpha-s-1-A and kappa-casein. For the alpha-s-1-B and kappa-casein micelles, an additional Ca2+ -dependent colloidal destabilization parameter, k3, was added to the existing k1 and k2 parameters in order to fully describe this more complex system. Furthermore, the value of k3 decreased with increasing concentration of kappa-casein. These results were analyzed with respect to the specific deletion which occurs in alpha-s-1-casein A in order to determine the sites responsible for these Ca2+ -induced quaternary structural effects. RP KUMOSINSKI, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 12 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0277-8033 J9 J PROTEIN CHEM JI J. Protein Chem. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 10 IS 1 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1007/BF01024650 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA FG061 UT WOS:A1991FG06100001 PM 2054060 ER PT J AU GILCHREST, BA STERN, RS TAYLOR, CR AF GILCHREST, BA STERN, RS TAYLOR, CR TI PHOTOAGING PHOTODAMAGE AND PHOTOPROTECTION - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02118. HARVARD UNIV,BETH ISRAEL HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02215. RP GILCHREST, BA (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 24 IS 2 BP 317 EP 317 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(08)80630-5 PN 1 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA EW310 UT WOS:A1991EW31000045 ER PT J AU SMITH, MA MOSERVEILLON, PB NAGEY, DA DOUGLAS, LW SMITH, JC AF SMITH, MA MOSERVEILLON, PB NAGEY, DA DOUGLAS, LW SMITH, JC TI EFFECT OF A GLUCOSE CHALLENGE ON PLASMA COPPER LEVELS DURING PREGNANCY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE PLASMA COPPER; PLASMA CERULOPLASMIN ACTIVITY; GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; PREGNANCY ID DEFICIENT RATS; TRACE-METALS; ZINC; METABOLISM; CERULOPLASMIN; CHROMIUM; INSULIN; WOMEN; SERUM AB This study examined the effect of pregnancy and glucose loading on plasma copper (Cu) levels. In a completely random design with repeated measures, 18 nonpregnant women, 16 early pregnant women (13-17 weeks), and 16 late pregnant woman (28-34 weeks) ingested 100 g glucose with blood collected at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes to evaluate changes in Cu levels in blood. Plasma Cu and plasma ceruloplasmin (CP) activity increased significantly (p < 0.05) as pregnancy progressed, even though there were no significant differences in dietary Cu intakes. Plasma Cu and CP activity responses to the glucose challenge were similar for the three groups. Combined data from the three groups showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in plasma Cu by 30 minutes, which dropped significantly (p < 0.05) by 180 minutes, and a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in plasma CP activity from baseline to 180 minutes. Although plasma Cu and CP activity were altered with pregnancy, their responses to a glucose challenge did not appear to be associated with the diabetogenic state of pregnancy. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV HOSP,ONCOL NUTR SERV,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT FOOD NUTR & INST ADM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,NUTR SCI PROGRAM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND HOSP,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 10 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA EU868 UT WOS:A1991EU86800003 PM 2010574 ER PT J AU BISTLINE, RG BILYK, A FEAIRHELLER, SH AF BISTLINE, RG BILYK, A FEAIRHELLER, SH TI LIPASE CATALYZED FORMATION OF FATTY AMIDES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CANDIDA-RUGOSA; FAME; FATTY ACIDS; FATTY TRIGLYCERIDES; PRIMARY AMINES; PORCINE PANCREAS; RHIZOMUCOR-MIEHEI ID PRECURSOR AB Certain lipase preparations were found to facilitate the preparation of fatty amides at 20-degrees-C in hexane. Lipase preparations investigated were from the fungi Candida rugosa, Rhizomucor miehei and porcine pancreas. Reactants were various primary alkylamines and fatty acid methyl esters or triglycerides. Moderate yields of fatty amides were obtained using a R. miehei lipase preparation which is immobilized on a solid support as catalyst, although all three lipase preparations showed some catalytic activity under these conditions and, in addition, showed different kinds of selectivity for fatty acid and alkylamine chain lengths. No reaction was observed in similar experiments using one fatty acid as the substrate or one secondary amine. RP BISTLINE, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 11 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 68 IS 2 BP 95 EP 98 DI 10.1007/BF02662325 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA EX540 UT WOS:A1991EX54000008 ER PT J AU HOU, CT BAGBY, MO PLATTNER, RD KORITALA, S AF HOU, CT BAGBY, MO PLATTNER, RD KORITALA, S TI A NOVEL COMPOUND, 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID FROM OLEIC-ACID BY BIOCONVERSION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CHEMILUMINESCENCE; FISH MEATS; LIPID PEROXIDATION; MACKEREL; OXIDATIVE RANCIDITY; SARDINE; SENSORY EVALUATION; SHELF-LIFE DATING; TUNA AB Sixty-two cultures from the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Culture Collection and 10 cultures isolated from soil and water samples in Illinois were screened for their ability to convert agricultural oils to value-added industrial chemicals. A new compound, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD), was produced from oleic acid at a yield of greater than 60% by bacterial strain PR3 which was isolated from a water sample in Morton, IL. To our knowledge, DOD has not been previously reported. The optimum time, pH and temperature for the production of DOD were 2 days, 7.0, and 30-degrees-C, respectively. The production of DOD is unique in that it involves hydroxylation at two positions and rearrangement of the double bond of the substrate molecule. RP HOU, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 13 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 68 IS 2 BP 99 EP 101 DI 10.1007/BF02662326 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA EX540 UT WOS:A1991EX54000009 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP COSENZA, SF LIPSCOMB, TP TOPPER, MJ SPEER, CA HOBAN, LD DAVIS, SW KINCAID, AL SEELY, JC MARRS, GE AF DUBEY, JP COSENZA, SF LIPSCOMB, TP TOPPER, MJ SPEER, CA HOBAN, LD DAVIS, SW KINCAID, AL SEELY, JC MARRS, GE TI ACUTE SARCOCYSTOSIS-LIKE DISEASE IN A DOG SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NEOSPORA-CANINUM; DIAGNOSIS C1 MIDCTY VET CLIN,LA PLATA,MD 20646. USAF,INST PATHOL,DEPT VET PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV PATHOL,FT DETRICK,MD 21702. GLYMONT VET CLIN,INDIANHEAD,MD 20640. MONTANA STATE UNIV,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. VET DIAGNOST SERV,BALTIMORE,MD 21227. PATHCO INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. ROCHE BIOMED LABS,BURLINGTON,NC 27215. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 1 PY 1991 VL 198 IS 3 BP 439 EP 443 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EV491 UT WOS:A1991EV49100025 PM 1901306 ER PT J AU NELSON, GJ SCHMIDT, PC CORASH, L AF NELSON, GJ SCHMIDT, PC CORASH, L TI THE EFFECT OF A SALMON DIET ON BLOOD-CLOTTING, PLATELET-AGGREGATION AND FATTY-ACIDS IN NORMAL ADULT MEN SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; POLY-UNSATURATED FAT; FISH CONSUMPTION; PLASMA-LIPIDS; SERUM-LIPIDS; RAT-LIVER; ESKIMOS; OIL; PROSTACYCLIN; MORTALITY AB This study was designed to measure the effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids (FA) on platelets and blood lipids. Healthy men (n = 9), ages 31 to 65, were fed diets in which salmon was the source of n-3 fatty acids. They were confined in a nutrition suite at this Center for 100 days. Food intake and exercise levels were rigidly controlled. Initially they were placed on a stabilization diet for 20 days, then six men were fed the salmon diet for 40 days. The others remained on the stabilization diet. The two groups switched diets for the last 40 days of the study. Both diets were isocaloric [16% protein, 54% carbohydrate, and 30% fat by energy-% (En%)]. The salmon diet contained 7.5% of calories from n-6 FA and 2% from n-3 FA, primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a 40:60 ratio, while the stabilization diet contained 7.5% of calories from n-6 FA and less than 0.3% n-3 FA, mainly 18:3n-3. The bleeding time was unaffected by the diets in this study. The prothrombin time was shortened (11.6 sec. vs. 12.6 sec., p < 0.01) for the subjects consuming the salmon diet as compared to that measured after 20 days of the stabilization diet. Mean platelet volume increased significantly during the period in which the volunteers consumed the salmon diet compared to the baseline diet (p < 0.01), while the mean platelet levels decreased. Platelet aggregation (PA) was measured in platelet rich plasma before, during, and after the salmon diet using collagen, ADP, arachidonic acid (AA), and thrombin agonists. The PA threshold for ADP was significantly increased for the subjects on the salmon diet (p < 0.05). No change in the PA threshold was detected for collagen or thrombin. The PA threshold for AA was unchanged also, but the platelets in subjects consuming the salmon diet had a prolonged time to maximum aggregation (p < 0.01) with this reagent compared to platelets from men on the stabilization diet. Plasma, red cell, and platelet total FA composition was determined by capillary GLC. While the men consumed the salmon diets, there were marked increases (3 to 10-fold) in the EPA and DHA levels in all blood components with concomitant decreases in linoleic acid and AA levels. Thus, a salmon diet, high in n-3 FA, did not influence the bleeding times, but it decreased the sensitivity of platelets to ADP and AA, increased the mean platelet size, decreased the platelet count, and changed the FA composition of the plasma, RBC and platelet membrane lipids. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,DEPT LAB MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP NELSON, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 44 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD FEB PY 1991 VL 26 IS 2 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1007/BF02544000 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA EY118 UT WOS:A1991EY11800001 PM 1904973 ER PT J AU LINDGREN, FT ADAMSON, GL SHORE, VG NELSON, GJ SCHMIDT, PC AF LINDGREN, FT ADAMSON, GL SHORE, VG NELSON, GJ SCHMIDT, PC TI EFFECT OF A SALMON DIET ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS AND APOLIPOPROTEINS IN NORMOLIPIDEMIC ADULT MEN SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID NORMAL POPULATION-SAMPLE; 3 MAJOR COMPONENTS; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; RESOLUTION; HUMANS AB The effects of n-3 fatty acids on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and apoproteins have usually been studied in humans after feeding of purified fish oil. This study describes the effect of a natural diet, containing salmon as the source of n-3 fatty acids, on these parameters as compared to a diet very low in n-3 fatty acids. The subjects were nine normolipidemic, healthy males who were confined to a nutrition suite for 100 days. During the first 20 days of the study the participants were given a stabilization diet consisting of 55% carbohydrates, 15% protein, and 30% fat. The n-3 content of this diet was less than 1%, and it contained no 20- or 22-carbon n-3 fatty acids. After the stabilization period the men were split into two groups, one group continued on the stabilization diet while the other received the salmon diet that contained approximately 2.1 energy percent (En%) of calories from 20- and 22-carbon n-3 fatty acids. Both diets contained equal amounts of n-6 fatty acids. This regime continued for 40 days, then the two groups switched diets for the remainder of the study. Plasma triglycerides were lowered significantly (p < 0.01) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly elevated (p < 0.01) after the men consumed the salmon diet for 40 days. The very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were lowered, but the trend did not reach statistical significance during the intervention period. The total plasma cholesterol, total low density lipoprotein (LDL) and the total high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were not influenced by the salmon diet. Within the HDL fraction, however, the larger HDL2 subfractions were significantly elevated (p < 0.002), and the smaller, more dense HDL3 was lowered (p < 0.002) by the salmon diet. These significant changes were detected by analytic ultracentrifugation and confirmed by gradient gel electrophoresis. Analysis of the apolipoproteins (apo) AI, AII, B, and E, and Lp(a) indicated only significant lowering of apoAI, consistent with the increased HDL2, which is higher in cholesterol but lower in the major HDL apolipoprotein, apoAI. Thus, the purported beneficial cardiovascular effects of consumption of n-3 fatty acids by humans may, in part, be attributable to changes in the HDL distribution, i.e., the lowering of the more dense HDL3 and the elevation of the larger, less dense HDL2. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. UNIV CALIF LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV BIOMED SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP LINDGREN, FT (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV RES MED & RADIAT BIOPHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 18574] NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD FEB PY 1991 VL 26 IS 2 BP 97 EP 101 DI 10.1007/BF02544001 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA EY118 UT WOS:A1991EY11800002 PM 2051900 ER PT J AU MAERKER, G JONES, KC AF MAERKER, G JONES, KC TI UNUSUAL PRODUCT RATIOS RESULTING FROM THE GAMMA-IRRADIATION OF CHOLESTEROL IN LIPOSOMES SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ION-CATALYZED OXIDATION; AQUEOUS-MEDIUM; FATTY-ACIDS; AUTOXIDATION; RADIATION; VESICLES; OXIDES; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; IDENTIFICATION AB Cholesterol in aqueous suspensions of multilamellar vesicles (MLV) was exposed to gamma-irradiation (0.5-10 kGy) at 0-4-degrees-C. Cholesterol oxidation products resulting from the irradiation were isolated by dry column extraction followed by preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and were quantitated by on-column gas chromatography (GC). The ratio of 7-ketocholesterol/cholesterol 5,6-epoxides generated by irradiation was less than one, much lower than the ratio of ten commonly produced by autoxidation. Irradiation also produced relatively higher amounts of 7-hydroxycholesterol than did autoxidation. These unique product ratios may be suitable indicators of past exposure to irradiation. RP MAERKER, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD FEB PY 1991 VL 26 IS 2 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1007/BF02544008 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA EY118 UT WOS:A1991EY11800009 PM 2051896 ER PT J AU BELL, JD SADLER, PJ MORRIS, VC LEVANDER, OA AF BELL, JD SADLER, PJ MORRIS, VC LEVANDER, OA TI EFFECT OF AGING AND DIET ON PROTON NMR-SPECTRA OF RAT URINE SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; HUMAN-BLOOD PLASMA; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; TAURINE C1 USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CHRISTOPHER INGOLD LAB,LONDON WC1H0PP,ENGLAND. RP BELL, JD (reprint author), UNIV LONDON BIRKBECK COLL,DEPT CHEM,GORDON HOUSE,LONDON WC1E 7HX,ENGLAND. NR 30 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0740-3194 J9 MAGNET RESON MED JI Magn.Reson.Med. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 17 IS 2 BP 414 EP 422 DI 10.1002/mrm.1910170213 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA EW712 UT WOS:A1991EW71200012 PM 1829498 ER PT J AU LAVINE, BK CARLSON, DA AF LAVINE, BK CARLSON, DA TI TAXONOMY BASED ON CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION - DIFFERENTIATION OF NEW-WORLD FROM OLD-WORLD HELICAVERPA MOTHS SO MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PATTERN-RECOGNITION C1 USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP LAVINE, BK (reprint author), CLARKSON UNIV,DEPT CHEM,POTSDAM,NY 13699, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0026-265X J9 MICROCHEM J JI Microchem J. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 43 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1016/0026-265X(91)90034-M PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FJ144 UT WOS:A1991FJ14400003 ER PT J AU DEHESH, K TEPPERMAN, J CHRISTENSEN, AH QUAIL, PH AF DEHESH, K TEPPERMAN, J CHRISTENSEN, AH QUAIL, PH TI PHYB IS EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED AND CONSTITUTIVELY EXPRESSED IN RICE SEEDLING SHOOTS SO MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE ORYZA-SATIVA; PHYTOCHROME; MULTIGENE FAMILY; GENE SEQUENCE CONSERVATION; GENE EXPRESSION ID AVENA-SATIVA L; PHYTOCHROME GENE; GREEN AVENA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ETIOLATED AVENA; SEQUENCE; LIGHT; CDNA; PHOTOREGULATION; TRANSCRIPTS AB Southern blot analysis indicates that the rice genome contains single copies of genes encoding type A (phyA) and type B (phyB) phytochromes. We have isolated overlapping cDNA and genomic clones encoding the entire phyB polypeptide. This monocot sequence is more closely related to phyB from the dicot, Arabidopsis (73% amino acid sequence identity), than it is to the phyA gene in the rice genome (50% identity). These data support the proposal that phyA and phyB subfamilies diverged early in plant evolution and that subsequent divergence accompanied the evolution of monocots and dicots. Moreover, since rice and Arabidopsis phyB poly-peptides are more closely related to one another (73% identity) than are monocot and dicot phyA sequences (63-65% identity), it appears that phyB has evolved more slowly than phyA. Sequence conservation between phyA and phyB is greatest in a central core region surrounding the chromophore attachment site, and least toward the amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal ends of the polypeptides, although hydropathy analysis suggests that the overall structure of the two phytochromes has been conserved. Gene-specific Northern blot analysis indicates that, whereas phyA is negatively regulated by phytochrome in rice seedling shoots in the manner typical of monocots, phyB is constitutively expressed irrespective of light treatment. In consequence, phyA and phyB transcripts are equally abundant in fully green tissue. Since Arabidopsis phyB mRNA levels are also unaffected by light, the present results suggest that this mode of regulation is evolutionarily conserved among phyB genes, perhaps reflecting differences in the functional roles of the different phytochrome subfamilies. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 42 TC 110 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0026-8925 J9 MOL GEN GENET JI Mol. Gen. Genet. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 225 IS 2 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1007/BF00269863 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA EY961 UT WOS:A1991EY96100019 PM 2005872 ER PT J AU ELSAYED, GN IGNOFFO, CM LEATHERS, TD AF ELSAYED, GN IGNOFFO, CM LEATHERS, TD TI EFFECTS OF CUTICLE SOURCE AND CONCENTRATION ON GERMINATION OF CONIDIA OF 2 ISOLATES OF NOMURAEA-RILEYI SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CUTICULAR SUBSTRATES; FUNGAL ENTOMOPATHOGEN; GERMINATION; MYCELIAL GROWTH; NOMURAEA-RILEYI ID EARWORM HELIOTHIS-ZEA; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; DEGRADING ENZYMES; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; CONIDIOBOLUS-OBSCURUS; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; MANDUCA-SEXTA; INFECTION; HOST; LARVAE AB The effects of cuticle from larvae of Trichoplusia ni, Heliothis zea and H. virescens on rate and extent of germination of conidia of a Mississippian isolate (MS) and an Ecuadoran (EC) isolate of Nomuraea rileyi were studied. Solid substrates generally stimulated more germination than submerged substrates. There was little or no effect of cuticle source (H. zea or H. virescens) on germination of either the EC isolate or the MS isolate cultured on a solid substrate, however, differences in patterns of germination were obtained in submerged substrates. Addition of cuticle of H. zea or H. virescens generally increased the germination time for the MS isolate. Germination time for the EC isolate was significantly increased when H. virescens cuticle was used. C1 USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP ELSAYED, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,POB 7629,RES PK,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD FEB PY 1991 VL 113 IS 2 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1007/BF00442417 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA FA327 UT WOS:A1991FA32700005 ER PT J AU NEUCERE, JN GODSHALL, MA AF NEUCERE, JN GODSHALL, MA TI EFFECTS OF BASE-SOLUBLE PROTEINS AND METHANOL-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDES FROM CORN ON MYCELIAL GROWTH OF ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ANTIFUNGAL; CORN PROTEIN; POLYSACCHARIDES; ELECTROPHORETIC PROFILE; PROTEIN HETEROGENEITY; SUGAR COMPOSITION ID INHIBITION AB The antifungal activity of base-soluble proteins (BSP) and methanol-soluble polysaccharides (PS) from A. flavus resistant (Yellow Creole) and susceptible (Huffman) genotypes of corn were investigated by in vitro studies. Bioassays of fungal growth inhibition in agar media showed antifungal activity by proteins and polysaccharides only from the Huffman genotype. Microgramme quantities of protein and polysaccharides were required to retard fungal growth. The polysaccharides have molecular weights greater than 3.5 kilodaltons. Cathodic PAGE of native protein from the two genotypes showed six protein bands with differences in staining intensity of individual components. SDS-PAGE showed four distinct bands in Yellow Creole that were absent in Huffman. Both of the protein samples contained traces of carbohydrate. Analysis of hydrolyzed polysaccharide from the two genotypes showed different proportions of mannose and glucose. C1 SUGAR PROC RES INC,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP NEUCERE, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD FEB PY 1991 VL 113 IS 2 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1007/BF00442418 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA FA327 UT WOS:A1991FA32700006 PM 1903510 ER PT J AU PAULITZ, TC LINDERMAN, RG AF PAULITZ, TC LINDERMAN, RG TI LACK OF ANTAGONISM BETWEEN THE BIOCONTROL AGENT GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS AND VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; CUCUMBER; GLOMUS-ETUNICATUM; GLOMUS-MOSSEAE ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DAMPING-OFF; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; GROWTH; SOIL; RHIZOSPHERE; POPULATION; SEEDLINGS AB The effect of the fungal biocontrol agent Gliocladium virens Miller, Giddens & Foster on the colonization of cucumber by the VA mycorrhizal fungi Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerdemann and Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe was investigated. Inoculum of G. virens, grown on wheat bran or peatmoss-Czapek substrate, was added to soil artificially infested with Pythium ultimum Trow. Both damping-off of cucumber and pathogen population density were reduced in treatments with G. virens. Inoculum of G. virens was also added to soils containing increasing propagule densities of Glomus etunicatum or Glomus mosseae. After one week of incubation, the soils were planted with cucumber seeds, and the percent mycorrhizal colonization of roots was determined after 12 d. When grown on wheat bran, G. virens was phytotoxic and increased mycorrhizal colonization by Glomus etunicatum. However, G. virens had no effect on Glomus etunicatum when added as peatmoss-Czapek inoculum. Amendment of soil with peatmoss-Czapek inoculum of G. virens reduced colonization by Glomus mosseae when compared to a non-amended control. Inoculum colonized by other fungal biocontrol agents and sterilized with propylene oxide gave a similar reduction, suggesting that the substrate, not G. virens, was responsible for the reduction in VA mycorrhizal colonization. This evidence suggests that the fungal biocontrol agent G. virens does not have a detrimental impact on these VA mycorrhizal fungi, and would be compatible if applied as a dual-inoculum. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 29 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 117 IS 2 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1991.tb04911.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FC142 UT WOS:A1991FC14200014 ER PT J AU DOSSKEY, MG BOERSMA, L LINDERMAN, RG AF DOSSKEY, MG BOERSMA, L LINDERMAN, RG TI ROLE FOR THE PHOTOSYNTHATE DEMAND OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAS IN THE RESPONSE OF DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS TO DRYING SOIL SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE ECTOMYCORRHIZAS; DOUGLAS FIR; WATER STRESS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CARBON ALLOCATION ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA; WATER RELATIONS; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PHYTOHORMONE CHANGES; VA-MYCORRHIZAL; PINE-SEEDLINGS; ROOT-GROWTH; HOST PLANT; TRANSPORT AB Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] seedlings were inoculated with different species of ectomycorrhizal fungi, Rhizopogon vinicolor FSL788-5, Laccaria laccata S238-A, or Hebeloma crustuliniforme HeCr2, to determine how different fungi affect the response of photosynthesis and water relations of seedlings to drying soil. Potted seedlings were grown in a greenhouse for 6 months under well-watered conditions, then transferred to a growth chamber where measurements were made as the soil dried. Rhizopogon enhanced both net photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance compared to non-mycorrhizal controls (P < 0.01) over the soil water potential range of -0.05 to -0.50 MPa, despite 0.2 to 0.3 MPa lower leaf water potential. Hebeloma tended to enhance, while Laccaria decreased net photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance of host seedlings over this range of soil water potential, but neither fungus affected leaf potential. Our observations for Rhizopogon and Laccaria could not be explained by existing hypotheses based on mycorrhizal effects on plant size, nutrition, osmotic adjustment, or water uptake characteristics. Nutrition may have been a factor for Hebeloma. We propose that in the absence of nutritional and water uptake effects, net photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance are correlated with rate of export of photosynthate to the mycorrhizal fungus. Strong mycorrhizal demand for photosynthate stimulates photosynthesis, to which stomata respond by opening, notwithstanding water stress. Our results for Rhizopogon are consistent with this hypothesis. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 53 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 117 IS 2 BP 327 EP 334 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1991.tb04914.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FC142 UT WOS:A1991FC14200017 ER PT J AU RIEGEL, GM MILLER, RF KRUEGER, WC AF RIEGEL, GM MILLER, RF KRUEGER, WC TI UNDERSTORY VEGETATION RESPONSE TO INCREASING WATER AND NITROGEN LEVELS IN A PINUS-PONDEROSA FOREST IN NORTHEASTERN OREGON SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Competition for soil moisture has been proposed as the dominant environmental resource governing understory production in pine forests of eastern Oregon. Other studies have demonstrated that light and nitrogen may also be limiting understory growth. The objective of this research was to test the hypotheses that both water and nitrogen and/or their interaction limit understory biomass production in a Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine) forest in in northeastern Oregon. The experiment was a completely randomized block design with three blocks and four treatments: 1) control, 2) water (irrigated biweekly), 3) nitrogen (NH4 NO3, 32 percent N; 50 kg N ha-1), and 4) water + nitrogen. At peak standing crop (June 26 through July 7) the water + nitrogen treatment produced 16 and 18 percent greater aboveground dry weight biomass than the nitrogen and water treatments and 36 percent more than the control treatments. Nitrogen and water treatments were 17 and 15 percent more productive than the control treatment. There was no relationship between light (PAR), measured at the center of each plot with light sensitive ozalid paper, and biomass production. Understory vegetation is significantly limited by both water and nitrogen in P. ponderosa forests of northeastern Oregon. RP RIEGEL, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,920 VALLEY RD,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 65 IS 1 BP 10 EP 15 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FC966 UT WOS:A1991FC96600002 ER PT J AU SHAW, CG LOOPSTRA, EM AF SHAW, CG LOOPSTRA, EM TI DEVELOPMENT OF DWARF MISTLETOE INFECTIONS ON INOCULATED WESTERN HEMLOCK TREES IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB In the autumn of 1977, 1978, and 1979, mature seeds of hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense) were placed on needles and twigs of young western hemlock trees growing on a clearcut in Juneau, Alaska to provide information on seed retention and germination, infection development and survival, and generation time. Retention over one winter of 1,956 placed seeds averaged 65 percent while germination of retained seeds was 33 percent. Two hundred and sixty infections developed, 78 percent of which produced dwarf mistletoe shoots; however, over the 11 to 12 years that infections were observed, no seeds were produced and shoots were frequently broken or damaged. Plant damage, branch death, pollination biology, and environmental conditions are discussed as possible reasons for the lack of seed production and failure to complete the life cycle. Comparisons are made to other inoculation studies with A. tsugense. These comparisons indicate that the initial process of infection development, after mistletoe seeds are captured on needles or twigs, does not appear to account for the markedly lower infection levels that have been noted between stands in southeast Alaska and those further south. RP SHAW, CG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 65 IS 1 BP 48 EP 52 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FC966 UT WOS:A1991FC96600007 ER PT J AU DYMICKY, M BYLER, DM AF DYMICKY, M BYLER, DM TI SYNTHESIS OF ETHYL N-CARBOBENZOXYTYROSYL-S-BENZYLCYSTEINYLGLYCINATE SO ORGANIC PREPARATIONS AND PROCEDURES INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID TOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STABLE ENTERO-TOXIN; CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS; HUMAN STRAIN RP DYMICKY, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ORGANIC PREP PROCEDURES INC PI NEWTON HIGHLANDS PA PO BOX 9, NEWTON HIGHLANDS, MA 02161 SN 0030-4948 J9 ORG PREP PROCED INT JI Org. Prep. Proced. Int. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 23 IS 1 BP 93 EP 101 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA EW370 UT WOS:A1991EW37000003 ER PT J AU BURTON, JD GRONWALD, JW KEITH, RA SOMERS, DA GENGENBACH, BG WYSE, DL AF BURTON, JD GRONWALD, JW KEITH, RA SOMERS, DA GENGENBACH, BG WYSE, DL TI KINETICS OF INHIBITION OF ACETYL-COENZYME-A CARBOXYLASE BY SETHOXYDIM AND HALOXYFOP SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COA CARBOXYLASE; CELL-CULTURES; HERBICIDES; PLANT; PURIFICATION; ACID; CYCLOHEXANEDIONE; SELECTIVITY; METABOLISM; BEHAVIOR C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,411 BORLAUG HALL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 42 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 100 EP 109 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(91)90130-E PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA EY503 UT WOS:A1991EY50300002 ER PT J AU FUERST, EP LAMOUREUX, GL AHRENS, WH AF FUERST, EP LAMOUREUX, GL AHRENS, WH TI MODE OF ACTION OF THE DICHLOROACETAMIDE ANTIDOTE BAS-145-138 IN CORN .1. GROWTH-RESPONSES AND FATE OF METAZACHLOR SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THIOCARBAMATE HERBICIDES; SORGHUM; CHLOROACETAMIDE; METABOLISM; SHOOTS C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & WEED SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 11 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 138 EP 148 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(91)90134-8 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA EY503 UT WOS:A1991EY50300006 ER PT J AU DITOMASO, JM DUKE, SO AF DITOMASO, JM DUKE, SO TI IS POLYAMINE BIOSYNTHESIS A POSSIBLE SITE OF ACTION OF CINMETHYLIN AND ARTEMISININ SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-DIVISION PHASE; RADICLE EMERGENCE; ACER-SACCHARUM; ACCUMULATION; PUTRESCINE; GROWTH; INHIBITORS; REQUIREMENT; SPERMIDINE; ARGININE C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP DITOMASO, JM (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP 158 EP 167 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(91)90136-A PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA EY503 UT WOS:A1991EY50300008 ER PT J AU DARNERUD, PO GUSTAFSON, AL TORNWALL, U FEIL, VJ AF DARNERUD, PO GUSTAFSON, AL TORNWALL, U FEIL, VJ TI AGE-DEPENDENT AND SEX-DEPENDENT DICHLOROVINYL CYSTEINE (DCVC) ACCUMULATION AND TOXICITY IN THE MOUSE KIDNEY - RELATION TO DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORT AND BETA-LYASE ACTIVITY SO PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TISSUE-BINDING; NEPHROTOXICITY; GLUTATHIONE; MECHANISM; HEXACHLORO-1,3-BUTADIENE; SUBSTRATE; STRAIN AB The age- and sex-dependent changes in mouse kidney accumulation and toxicity of S-1,2-dichlorovinyl cysteine (DCVC) was investigated. The results were compared to developmental changes in the basal activities of organic anion transport in vitro (PAH uptake) and of cysteine conjugate beta-lyase (substrate: benzothiazolyl cysteine). Following C-14-DCVC (5 mg/kg body wt. orally), the renal C-14-accumulation increased with age, whereas the degree of tubular DCVC lesions was about the same at all time points. Regarding the sex differentiation in adult mice, both the kidney C-14-accumulation levels and the kidney lesion (5 mg/kg DCVC) were most accentuated in the female mouse. However, at a higher dose (25 mg/kg), the male kidney was most affected. Changes in the anion transport and beta-lyase activities did not directly mirror the age-dependent increase in kidney radioactivity. Sex differences in anion transport and beta-lyase activities were also seen, the former activity being highest in the male mouse and the latter in the female. The conflicting results of C-14-accumulation and histopathology in developing mice, may be explained by the ongoing development of the kidney; increase in the number of functionally active nephrons may result in an increased C-14-accumulation (in d.p.m./mg wet wt.) but still the same degree of lesion, when estimated per nephron. In the adult mice, the higher susceptibility of the female may be correlated to the higher beta-lyase activity in the same sex. Regarding the inversed results at a higher dose, rate limitations of transport and bioactivation systems may play a role. C1 USDA ARS,METAB & RADIAT RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP DARNERUD, PO (reprint author), UPPSALA UNIV,BMC,DEPT TOXICOL,BOX 594,S-75124 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0901-9928 J9 PHARMACOL TOXICOL JI Pharmacol. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 68 IS 2 BP 104 EP 109 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FA974 UT WOS:A1991FA97400007 PM 1852714 ER PT J AU COHEN, WB AF COHEN, WB TI RESPONSE OF VEGETATION INDEXES TO CHANGES IN 3 MEASURES OF LEAF WATER-STRESS SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID TM TASSELED CAP; SPECTRAL INDEXES; REFLECTANCE; MOISTURE; TRANSFORMATION; GROWTH AB The responses of vegetation indices to changes in water stress were evaluated in two separate laboratory experiments. In one experiment the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the near-IR to red ratio (near-IR/red), the Infrared Index (II), and the Moisture Stress Index (MSI) were more highly correlated to leaf water potential in lodgepole pine branches than were the Leaf Water Content Index (LWCI), the mid-IR ratio (Mid-IR), or any of the single Thematic Mapper (TM) bands. In the other experiment, these six indices and the TM Tasseled Cap brightness, greenness, and wetness indices responded to changes in leaf relative water content (RWC) differently than they responded to changes in leaf water content (WC) of three plant species, and the responses were dependent on how experimental replicates were pooled. With no pooling, the LWCI was the most highly correlated index to both RWC and WC among replications, followed by the II, MSI, and wetness. Only the LWCI was highly correlated to RWC and WC when replications were pooled within species. With among species pooling the LWCI was the only index highly correlated with RWC, while the II, MSI, Mid-IR, and wetness were most highly correlated with WC. RP COHEN, WB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 36 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 57 IS 2 BP 195 EP 202 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EW206 UT WOS:A1991EW20600008 ER PT J AU COHEN, WB AF COHEN, WB TI CHAPARRAL VEGETATION REFLECTANCE AND ITS POTENTIAL UTILITY FOR ASSESSMENT OF FIRE HAZARD SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID TM TASSELED CAP; TRANSFORMATION; STRESS; COTTON AB Current methods for assessment of ignition potential often fail to alert wildland managers to the severity of drought-induced fire hazard at remote locations and over large geographic areas. After the severe fires of 1988 in the western United States, the need was heightened for improved fire hazard assessment techniques. Chaparral vegetation is particularly receptive to recurring drought-related episodes of extreme fire hazard and was thus chosen for study here. Demonstrated herein is that chaparral vegetation has considerably different reflecting properties at different levels of drought stress. As such, remote sensing may have utility for fire hazard assessment in this vegetation type. RP COHEN, WB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 57 IS 2 BP 203 EP 207 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA EW206 UT WOS:A1991EW20600009 ER PT J AU KLEVAY, LM HALAS, ES AF KLEVAY, LM HALAS, ES TI THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY COPPER DEFICIENCY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS ON BLOOD-PRESSURE IN RATS SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; COPPER DEFICIENCY; HYPERTENSION; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; SODIUM; STRESS ID HYPERTENSIVE RAT; HEART-DISEASE; CONFLICT; ZINC AB In each of two experiments, adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were deprived of copper and were subjected to the chronic stress of close confinement. A 2 x 2 factorial design was used because both copper deficiency and stress have been implicated in the regulation of blood pressure and are implicated in a major consequence of human hypertension-ischemic heart disease. Copper deficiency was verified by a decrease in copper in several organs. Both copper deficiency and stress increased blood pressure; results were independent. Sodium in heart was increased by deficiency in both experiments, but was increased in brain in only the second experiment. The combination of stress and deficiency produced an increase in mortality in one of two experiments. A decrease in cholesterol in plasma due to stress is consistent with earlier data from rats but is in contrast to data from humans. Both stress and copper deficiency produce potentially adverse changes in cardiovascular physiology and the chemistry of brain, heart and other organs. These results may be germane to humans because stress is frequent and some diets are low in copper. C1 UNIV N DAKOTA,DEPT PSYCHOL,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. RP KLEVAY, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 49 IS 2 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1016/0031-9384(91)90048-S PG 6 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA EZ611 UT WOS:A1991EZ61100014 PM 2062902 ER PT J AU SMITH, OP HUNST, PL HEWINGS, AD STONE, AL TOLIN, SA DAMSTEEGT, VD AF SMITH, OP HUNST, PL HEWINGS, AD STONE, AL TOLIN, SA DAMSTEEGT, VD TI IDENTIFICATION OF DSRNAS ASSOCIATED WITH SOYBEAN DWARF VIRUS-INFECTED SOYBEAN SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER; PLANTS; STRAINS AB Double-stranded (ds) RNA was isolated from leaves of soybean cultivar Wayne infected with the dwarfing (D) or yellowing (Y) strain of soybean dwarf virus (SDV). Each strain produced two virus-specific dsRNAs. SDV-D dsRNAs were estimated to have molecular weights of 3.4 and 1.9 X 10(6) Da. The corresponding SDV-Y species were larger, having estimated molecular weights of 3.6 and 2.2 X 10(6) Da. Northern blot hybridization analyses showed the strains are related and that the two dsRNAs correspond to viral genomic-length and 3' subgenomic-length species. The detection of SDV dsRNA by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (dsRNA profiles) was improved by combining S1 nuclease with DNase in a one-step treatment of nucleic acids isolated by CF-11 column chromatography to remove contaminating single-stranded RNA. The size-specificity of SDV-D and SDV-Y dsRNAs was shown to be a useful phenotypic marker for in vitro strain differentiation. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL PHYSIOL & WEED SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP SMITH, OP (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES,BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 1991 VL 81 IS 2 BP 131 EP 134 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-131 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EX271 UT WOS:A1991EX27100002 ER PT J AU HUANG, JW KUHLMAN, EG AF HUANG, JW KUHLMAN, EG TI FORMULATION OF A SOIL AMENDMENT TO CONTROL DAMPING-OFF OF SLASH PINE-SEEDLINGS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOCONTROL; PINE BARK MULCH ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; PYTHIUM; PHYTOPHTHORA; TRICHODERMA; BIOCONTROL; DISEASES; PEA AB Seventeen chemical amendments were added (1%, w/w) individually to sandy soil artificially infested with Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4) or a binucleate species of Rhizoctonia (CAG-3). Alum, Al2(SO4)3, CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2, CaO, glycerine, K2HPO4, KCl, K2SO4, NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, urea, and triple superphosphate inhibited colonization of pine stem segments by R. solani and the binucleate Rhizoctonia to varied degrees. In 0.1% (w/v) water solution, these chemicals inhibited sporulation of Pythium aphanidermatum. Ammonium sulfate suppressed the incidence of damping-off by 20-35% as compared with other N-fertilizers; ammonium nitrate enhanced damping-off by R. solani. A growth medium of 100% milled pine bark almost completely controlled damping-off by Pythium and reduced damping-off caused by R. solani by 50%, but it did not protect seedlings from infection by the binucleate Rhizoctonia. A soil amendment (SF-21) was formulated from 750 g of milled pine bark, 35 g of (NH4)2SO4, 10 g of triple superphosphate, 30 g of CaCl2, 25 g of KCl, 150 g of Al2(SO4)3, and 750 ml of 10% glycerine. Added at 1% (w/w) to soil, SF-21 controlled more than 50% of damping-off of slash pine seedlings caused by P. aphanidermatum, R. solani, and binucleate Rhizoctonia in fumigated or nonfumigated soils in the greenhouse. In fumigated and nonfumigated soils in field microplots with or without a damping-off pathogen and amended at the rate of 2,400 kg/ha before sowing slash pine seeds, SF-21 significantly reduced post-emergence damping-off caused by R. solani, P. aphanidermatum, and Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans by 36-38, 25-28, and 12-22%, respectively, in two tests. When added after the first appearance of damping-off, the SF-21 mixture also reduced losses to those fungi, with the exception of F. m. subglutinans in the first test. SF-21 treatments also increased the number of healthy seedlings produced per unit of area and the height of slash pine seedlings. Populations of R. solani and P. aphanidermatum were reduced by 50-90% 4 wk after treatment of the microplots. In soil amended with SF-21, the predominant fungi, Trichoderma harzianum, T. aureoviride, Penicillium oxalicum, P. funiculosum, Gliocladium deliquescens, and G. fimbriatum were stimulated, and the colony-forming units increased from 0.9 X 10(5) to 3.8 X 10(6)/g of dry soil and remained high for more than 50 days. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 1991 VL 81 IS 2 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-163 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EX271 UT WOS:A1991EX27100009 ER PT J AU HUANG, JW KUHLMAN, EG AF HUANG, JW KUHLMAN, EG TI MECHANISMS INHIBITING DAMPING-OFF PATHOGENS OF SLASH PINE-SEEDLINGS WITH A FORMULATED SOIL AMENDMENT SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOCONTROL; PINE NURSERY ID RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; SUPPRESSION; PHYTOPHTHORA; TRICHODERMA; BIOCONTROL; BARK AB Suppressiveness of soil amended with SF-21 mixture to Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum was tested with a modified pine stem-segment colonization method and germ tube growth, respectively. Soil amended with 1% (w/w) SF-21 did not immediately inhibit hyphal growth and stem-segment colonization by R. solani, but 7 days after amendment it significantly inhibited the fungus. The population of other fungi increased significantly 4 days or more after application of SF-21. The density of this population was correlated with suppression of stem-segment colonization by R. solani in amended soil. Stem-segment colonization by R. solani increased 30-40% after amended soil was autoclaved, but the inhibitory effect returned 7 days after infestation with Trichoderma harzianum or Penicillium oxalicum or both. Infestations with T. harzianum also restored suppressiveness to autoclaved nonamended soil, whereas infestations of autoclaved nonamended soil with P. oxalicum did not. Increasing the population of T. harzianum or P. oxalicum or both in amended soil at day 0 to about the same level as that in amended soil at day 7 immediately rendered it suppressive to stem colonization by R. solani. In addition, amended soil at day 0 directly inhibited and lysed germ tubes of P. aphanidermatum, and at day 7 after amendment was even more effective. Autoclaved amended soil with or without added T. harzianum or P. oxalicum or both suppressed germ tube elongation by P. aphanidermatum. However, inhibition of germ tube elongation was partially nullified in amended soil mixed with benomyl at 50-mu-g/g soil after 7 days. Soil amended with SF-21 and incubated for 7 days produced inhibitory substances that diffused into a synthetic medium and inhibited hyphal growth of R. solani and P. aphanidermatum by 22 and 28%, respectively, compared with diffusates from nonamended soil. When the pH of amended soil was adjusted from 4.3 to 5.8, the suppressive effect on colonization by R. solani was completely nullified, but the soil remained partially inhibitory to germ tube elongation by P. aphanidermatum. Population density of Trichoderma spp. and Penicillium spp. in amended soils was negatively correlated (r = -0.9), with pH values from 4 to 6. The capacity of Al2(SO4)3 to inhibit growth of R. solani and P. aphanidermatum in water agar was much greater at pH 4 than at pH 6. P. aphanidermatum was more sensitive to Al2(SO4)3 at pH 4 than was R. solani. Sporangial formation by P. aphanidermatum was inhibited by water extracts of milled pine bark-water mixtures of 2:1-1:1, v/v, whereas extracts from 1:2-1:50, v/v, enhanced zoospore release. A 50-mu-g/ml alcohol extract from Virginia or shortleaf pine bark more strongly inhibited sporulation by P. aphanidermatum than did that from loblolly pine bark. We conclude that the inhibitory effects of SF-21 on specific pathogens differ. Effects on R. solani are indirect through proliferation of the microbial species, especially Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium oxalicum. Effects on P. aphanidermatum are direct by the inorganic and organic components of SF-21 and indirect by reduced soil pH and stimulation of the microbial population. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 1991 VL 81 IS 2 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-171 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EX271 UT WOS:A1991EX27100010 ER PT J AU BRUCKART, WL PETERSON, GL AF BRUCKART, WL PETERSON, GL TI PHENOTYPIC COMPARISON OF PUCCINIA-CARDUORUM FROM CARDUUS-THOERMERI, C-TENUIFLORUS, AND C-PYCNOCEPHALUS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECIES ATTACKING CARDUEAE; UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MUSK THISTLE; WEEDS AB Host range, urediniospore morphology, and isozyme banding patterns of field isolates of rust fungi from Carduus pycnocephalus, C. tenuiflorus, and C. thoermeri, collected in different geographic locations, were compared. Isolates from the three Carduus species are Puccinia carduorum, according to the isozyme data, supporting the view that P. carduorum is preferred to P. cardui-pycnocephali for isolates from C. pycnocephalus. Even though Rogers' Coefficient of Similarity supports the fact that the isolates are the same species, the isolates could be distinguished by isozyme banding patterns for aspartate aminotransferase and glucokinase. Banding patterns for glucose phosphate isomerase, malate dehydrogenase, and mannose phosphate isomerase also enabled distinction between the Carduus rusts and Puccinia carthami from Carthamus tinctorius (safflower). Differences in host preference also were noted for isolates from the three Carduus species. Isolates from C. tenuiflorus and C. thoermeri caused infection most on the species from which they originated, but isolates from C. pycnocephalus were more virulent on C. tenuiflorus. Urediniospores from C. pycnocephalus and C. tenuiflorus were significantly (P = 0.05) larger in volume (16 and 12%, respectively) than those from C. thoermeri. Also, the first two species had at least 10% more of the urediniospore surface covered with echinulations than did C. thoermeri. RP BRUCKART, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 1991 VL 81 IS 2 BP 192 EP 197 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-192 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EX271 UT WOS:A1991EX27100014 ER PT J AU WILSON, JP GATES, RN HANNA, WW AF WILSON, JP GATES, RN HANNA, WW TI EFFECT OF RUST ON YIELD AND DIGESTIBILITY OF PEARL-MILLET FORAGE SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PENNISETUM-GLAUCUM; YIELD LOSS ID COMPONENTS AB The effects of infection by Puccinia substriata var. indica on yield and digestibility of pearl millet forage was examined in 1988 and 1989. Dwarf hybrids Tifleaf 1 (susceptible) and Tifleaf 2 (resistant), and tall hybrids Gahi 3 (susceptible) and Tift 85DAX186 (experimental cultivar Gahi 4, resistant) were inoculated or treated with fungicide after the first harvest to establish different levels of disease. For both dwarf and tall hybrids, there were no consistent differences in yield or digestibility between the disease-free plots of susceptible and resistant cultivars. Green yield, dry-matter yield, and forage quality as measured by in vitro digestibility were negatively correlated with final rust severity and area under the disease progress curve of dwarf and tall hybrids. Dry-matter concentration was unaffected by disease. Loss of digestible dry-matter yield could be expressed by either curvilinear or linear functions of final disease severity. In three of four experiments, the rate of loss of digestible dry-matter yield was greater at low rust severities than at higher rust severities, which indicated that highly effective resistance is necessary to reduce losses attributable to rust. RP WILSON, JP (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL AGR,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,USDA ARS,FORAGE & TURF UNIT,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 1991 VL 81 IS 2 BP 233 EP 236 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-233 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EX271 UT WOS:A1991EX27100022 ER PT J AU LULAI, EC SOWOKINOS, JR AF LULAI, EC SOWOKINOS, JR TI LIPOLYTIC AND PEROXIDATIVE ENZYME EXPRESSIONS IN CULTURED POTATO-TUBER CELLS SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE LIPOLYTIC ACYL HYDROLASE; LIPOXYGENASE; POTATO; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L; TUBER ID CALLUS; TUBERIZATION; QUANTITATION; LIPOXYGENASE; PROTEINS; ACID AB Potato cells (cv. Norchip) were cultured from tuber parenchymal tissue and subcultured to dissociate and habituate the despecialized cells. After several subculturings on a minimal nutrient media, this line of cells demonstrated repeatable physical growth profiles for dry weight (DW), fresh weight (FW) and protein. Two enzymes of plant lipid metabolism were investigated, lipolytic acyl hydrolase (LAH) and lipoxygenase (LOX), which respectively liberate and peroxidize fatty acids from lipid in cellular membranes. LAH, measured as p-nitrophenyl palmitate hydrolase, was present in this line of cells in easily detectable amounts (317 units g-1 DW) albeit much lower than that found in mother tuber (9878 units g-1 DW). The presence of LAH in this line is significant because LAH isozymes are often described as storage proteins, yet activity per gram fresh weight in these unorganized cells is reasonably constant until culture growth exits the linear phase. However, LOX, the most active free fatty acid metabolizing enzyme in potato tubers (89,800 units g-1 DW), was not detectable in this line of callus or suspension cultured cells. The absence of LOX activity in this line of cells was verified by a number of assay approaches and was confirmed by activity staining of extracted enzymes separated in polyacrylamide gels. The absence of LOX in these cultured cells is especially important in determining the functions of this lipid peroxidation system and how it may be genetically regulated. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT HORT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP LULAI, EC (reprint author), USDA ARS,RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB,311 5TH AVE NE,E GRAND FORKS,MN 56721, USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 24 IS 2 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1007/BF00039740 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA FB384 UT WOS:A1991FB38400009 ER PT J AU GILBERT, RG AF GILBERT, RG TI BURNING TO REDUCE SCLEROTIA OF SCLEROTINIA-SCLEROTIORUM IN ALFALFA SEED FIELDS OF SOUTHEASTERN WASHINGTON SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE MEDICAGO-SATIVA ID LETTUCE DROP AB Fall burning produced an intense surface fire that reduced numbers of sclerotia in an alfalfa seed field by > 95%. The fire killed sclerotia in the layer of surface plant residue and scorched and killed sclerotia in the surface soil (0-2 cm). Only 14% of the collected surface soil sclerotia were viable after the fall burn. During the next 6 mo, the detectable number of sclerotia in surface soil samples declined from 246/m2 in November to 7/m2 in May and viability of sclerotia declined from 12 to 0%, respectively. Winter burning reduced surface residue and numbers of sclerotia but had no detectable effect in reducing the viability and survival of surface soil sclerotia. Spring mowing of the plant canopy did not reduce numbers of sclerotia nor influence the survival and viability of sclerotia. Alfalfa seed yields were 43 and 13% greater following fall burn and spring mowing treatments, respectively, than following the standard practice of winter burning. RP GILBERT, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 141 EP 142 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EV351 UT WOS:A1991EV35100010 ER PT J AU KOLB, FL COOPER, NK HEWINGS, AD BAUSKE, EM TEYKER, RH AF KOLB, FL COOPER, NK HEWINGS, AD BAUSKE, EM TEYKER, RH TI EFFECTS OF BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS ON ROOT-GROWTH IN SPRING OAT SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB The effects of a nonspecifically transmitted strain of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV-IL) on root growth of four spring oat (Avena sativa) genotypes differing in BYDV tolerance were compared. Plants of each genotype were grown in a growth chamber using an aeroponic system. Half of the plants in each of two experiments were used as controls, and half were inoculated at the two- to three-leaf stage (Zadoks stage 12 or 13). For all four genotypes, the rate of root elongation was greater for control plants than for inoculated plants. When control and inoculated plants were compared, most parameters measured were reduced in inoculated plants in three of the genotypes, but the fourth genotype, Ogle, had a significant reduction only in root dry weight and rate of root elongation. C1 USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61802. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. RP KOLB, FL (reprint author), USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 143 EP 145 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EV351 UT WOS:A1991EV35100011 ER PT J AU WILSON, AD CLEMENT, SL KAISER, WJ AF WILSON, AD CLEMENT, SL KAISER, WJ TI SURVEY AND DETECTION OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI IN LOLIUM GERM PLASM BY DIRECT STAINING AND APHID ASSAYS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE ACREMONIUM; BIOASSAY; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; CLAVICIPITACEAE; RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID ID ARGENTINE STEM WEEVIL; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; INFECTED TALL FESCUE; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; FEEDING DETERRENTS; EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; ERGOPEPTINE ALKALOIDS; ACREMONIUM-LOLIAE; GRASSES; ASSOCIATION AB Clavicipitaceous anamorphic endophytes were detected in 28 of 85 accessions from five of eight species in a collection of Lolium germ plasm. Comparative descriptions of endophytic mycelium in seeds of L. multiflorum, L. perenne, L. persicum, L. rigidum, and L. temulentum revealed morphological characteristics distinguishing endophytes in each host species. Most endophyte-infected accessions originated from Eurasia, particularly from Middle Eastern countries. Endophyte incidence and infection percentages varied widely with host species and geographic origin. Feeding tests with Diuraphis noxia were useful in detecting endophyte-infected accessions of perennial ryegrass. RP WILSON, AD (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT GERMPLASM INTRODUCT & TESTING RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. RI Wilson, Alphus/Q-2137-2015 OI Wilson, Alphus/0000-0003-2352-5232 NR 44 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 169 EP 173 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EV351 UT WOS:A1991EV35100019 ER PT J AU BRUTON, BD WELLS, JM LESTER, GE PATTERSON, CL AF BRUTON, BD WELLS, JM LESTER, GE PATTERSON, CL TI PATHOGENICITY AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ERWINIA-ANANAS CAUSING A POSTHARVEST DISEASE OF CANTALOUP FRUIT SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE SEROLOGY ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; STRAINS; MELONS AB Cantaloups (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus) grown in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas developed small, water-soaked lesions after harvest. Lesions were shallow, firm, and, in many cases, not easily detected until the peel was removed. A yellow bacterium was isolated on nutrient agar and used to fulfill Koch's postulates. The bacterium was nonfluorescent, gram-negative, rod-shaped (0.5-1.1 x 0.9-3.5-mu-m), motile, and capable of anaerobic growth. Mucoid colonies were produced on high sugar media. The bacteria grew at 36 C and on Miller-Schroth medium. The pathological and physiological attributes of the bacterium fit the description of Erwinia ananas. Strains from cantaloup reacted positively in ELISA tests with antibodies against reference cultures of E. ananas, and cellular fatty acid profiles were identical to those of the E. ananas-E. herbicola group. This disease of cantaloup extends the known host range of E. ananas and may become an economically important postharvest decay of melons grown in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas. C1 USDA ARS,WESLACO,TX 78596. USDA ARS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,LANE,OK 74555. RP BRUTON, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 180 EP 183 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EV351 UT WOS:A1991EV35100021 ER PT J AU PRATT, RG ROWE, DE AF PRATT, RG ROWE, DE TI DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES OF ALFALFA GENOTYPES TO STEM INOCULATIONS WITH SCLEROTINIA-SCLEROTIORUM AND S-TRIFOLIORUM SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ROT; CROWN; RESISTANCE; FIELD; PHYSIOLOGY; VIRULENCE AB Differences in susceptibility of alfalfa genotypes to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. trifoliorum were evaluated by comparing the extent of pathogenesis in individually inoculated stems of replicated clones. Stems were inoculated by applying cotton pads, saturated with 20% V-8 juice and infested with each pathogen, around tips and enclosing with tape. Plants were incubated in a saturated atmosphere for 3 days to establish infection and then in ambient air for 11 days. Pathogenesis proceeded basipetally within stems, and the length of necrosis from the inoculation point to the margin of healthy tissue was measured on each stem at 2 wk after inoculation. In replicated experiments with each Sclerotinia sp., significant differences among 19 genotypes in the extent of pathogenesis of stems were observed, but no significant differences between experiments or interactions between genotypes and experiments. Mean responses of genotypes to the two pathogens were not significantly correlated. These results indicate that the stem-inoculation technique may be used to identify consistent differences among alfalfa genotypes in susceptibility or tolerance of stem tissues to S. sclerotiorum and S. trifoliorum. The differences in susceptibility to the two pathogens appeared to occur independently among the 19 genotypes in this study. RP PRATT, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 188 EP 191 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EV351 UT WOS:A1991EV35100023 ER PT J AU TIMMER, LW GOTTWALD, TR ZITKO, SE AF TIMMER, LW GOTTWALD, TR ZITKO, SE TI BACTERIAL EXUDATION FROM LESIONS OF ASIATIC CITRUS CANKER AND CITRUS BACTERIAL SPOT SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CAMPESTRIS PV CITRI; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; FLORIDA; DYNAMICS; STRAINS; NURSERY AB When water was added to wells surrounding young lesions of Asiatic citrus canker (caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri) on detached, field-collected leaves of grapefruit, about 10(4)-10(5) bacteria per milliliter were exuded immediately. Bacterial exudation into the water continued at high levels for 24 hr, and cumulative release ranged from 10(5) to 10(6) per lesion. Fewer bacteria were exuded and bacteria were exuded more slowly from old lesions than from young lesions. Bacterial exudation from lesions of citrus bacterial spot (CBS) produced by X. c. pv. citrumelo on grapefruit and Swingle citrumelo was substantially less than that from Asiatic citrus canker lesions. CBS lesions of the aggressive strain (F1) released more bacteria than those of the moderately aggressive (F6) and weakly aggressive (F100) strains, and exudation declined with all three strains as lesions aged. Lesions of Asiatic citrus canker and CBS lesions produced by the three strains in a dew chamber at 30 C exuded more than 10(6) bacteria per milliliter into water in wells surrounding new lesions. Under these conducive conditions, exudation continued at high levels for 48 hr for most strains of the CBS pathogen. The inability of the CBS pathogen to spread under field conditions unless susceptible tissue is abundant, environmental conditions are favorable, and plants have been injured may in part be the result of low inoculum production and rapid decline in bacterial exudation as lesions age. C1 USDA ARS,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RP TIMMER, LW (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850, USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 192 EP 195 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EV351 UT WOS:A1991EV35100024 ER PT J AU WILSON, AD CLEMEN, SL KAISER, WJ LESTER, DG AF WILSON, AD CLEMEN, SL KAISER, WJ LESTER, DG TI 1ST REPORT OF CLAVICIPITACEOUS ANAMORPHIC ENDOPHYTES IN HORDEUM SPECIES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note ID GRASSES RP WILSON, AD (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT GERMPLASM INTRODUCT & TESTING RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. RI Wilson, Alphus/Q-2137-2015 OI Wilson, Alphus/0000-0003-2352-5232 NR 2 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 215 EP 215 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EV351 UT WOS:A1991EV35100033 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, OD AF ANDERSON, OD TI CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMBERS OF A PSEUDOGENE SUBFAMILY OF THE WHEAT ALPHA-GLIADIN STORAGE PROTEIN GENES SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM; WHEAT; ENDOSPERM; GLIADIN; PSEUDOGENE; DUPLICATION; EVOLUTION ID BETA-TYPE; ASSIGNMENT; SEQUENCE RP ANDERSON, OD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 16 IS 2 BP 335 EP 337 DI 10.1007/BF00020565 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA EX989 UT WOS:A1991EX98900016 PM 1893105 ER PT J AU CHO, MJ HARPER, JE AF CHO, MJ HARPER, JE TI EFFECT OF INOCULATION AND NITROGEN ON ISOFLAVONOID CONCENTRATION IN WILD-TYPE AND NODULATION-MUTANT SOYBEAN ROOTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAX L MERR; GLYCINE-MAX; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; RHIZOBIUM-LEGUMINOSARUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; NITRATE; FIXATION; FLAVONE; SYSTEM AB The isoflavones, daidzein and genistein, have been isolated and identified as the major inducers of nod genes of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The common nod genes of rhizobia are in turn responsible for stimulating root hair curling and cortical root cell division, the earliest steps in the host response. This study evaluated whether there was a relationship between root isoflavonoid production and the hypernodulation phenotype of selected soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) mutants. Three independently selected hypernodulating soybean mutants (NOD1-3, NOD2-4, and NOD3-7) and a nonnodulating mutant (NN5) were compared with the Williams parent for isoflavonoid concentrations. High performance liquid chromatographic analyses of soybean root extracts showed that all lines increased in daidzein, genistein, and coumestrol concentrations throughout the 12-day growth period after transplanting of both inoculated and noninoculated plants; transplanting and inoculation were done 6 days after planting. No significant differences were detected in the concentration of these compounds among the three noninoculated hypernodulating mutants and the Williams parent. In response to inoculation, the three hypernodulating mutants had higher isoflavonoid concentrations than did the Williams control at 9 to 12 days after inoculation when grown at 0 millimolar N level. However, the inoculated nonnodulating mutant also had higher isoflavonoid concentrations than did Williams. N application [urea, (NH4)2SO4 and NO3-] decreased the concentration of all three isoflavonoid compounds in all soybean lines. Application of NO3- was most inhibitory to isoflavonoid concentrations, and inhibition by NO3- was concentration dependent. These results are consistent with a conclusion that differential NO3- inhibition of nodulation may be partially due to changes in isoflavonoid levels, although the similar response of the nonnodulating mutant brings this conclusion into question. Alternatively, the nodulation control in the NN5 mutant may be due to factors totally unrelated to isoflavonoids, leaving open the possibility that isoflavonoids play a role in differential nodulation of lines genetically competent to nodulate. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 31 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 95 IS 2 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1104/pp.95.2.435 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EY884 UT WOS:A1991EY88400015 PM 16668002 ER PT J AU NISHIO, JN WHITMARSH, J AF NISHIO, JN WHITMARSH, J TI DISSIPATION OF THE PROTON ELECTROCHEMICAL POTENTIAL IN INTACT AND LYSED CHLOROPLASTS .1. THE ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THYLAKOID MEMBRANES; ATP FORMATION; PROTEIN; IMPORT; TRANSLOCATION; GRAMICIDIN; TRANSPORT; REQUIRES; CHANNEL AB Effective ionophore:chlorophyll ratios were determined for various ionophores that decrease the electrical potential across thylakoid membranes in intact and hypo-osmotically lysed chloroplasts isolated from spinach (Spinacia oleracea). The efficacy of gramicidin D, valinomycin, carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhy-drazone, and dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 in collapsing the electrical potential was determined spectrophotometrically by the decay half-time of the absorbance change at 518 nanometers induced by a saturating, single turnover flash. The results show that the effectiveness of the ionophores in collapsing the electrical potential in intact and lysed chloroplasts depends on the amount of ionophore-accessible membrane in the assay medium. Only gramicidin exhibited a significant difference in efficacy between intact and lysed chloroplasts. The ratio of gramicidin to chlorophyll required to collapse the electrical potential was more than 50 times higher in intact chloroplasts than in lysed chloroplasts. The efficacy of carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone was significantly reduced in the presence of bovine serum albumin. The other ionophores tested maintained their potency in the presence of bovine serum albumin. Valinomycin was the most effective ionophore tested for collapsing the electrical potential in intact chloroplasts, whereas gramicidin was the most potent ionophore in lysed chloroplasts. The significance of the ionophore:chlorophyll ratios required to collapse the electrical potential is discussed with regard to bioenergetic studies, especially those that examine the contribution of the transmembrane electrochemical potential to protein transport into chloroplasts. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 95 IS 2 BP 522 EP 528 DI 10.1104/pp.95.2.522 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EY884 UT WOS:A1991EY88400029 PM 16668015 ER PT J AU SOWA, S TOWILL, LE AF SOWA, S TOWILL, LE TI INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY OF PLANT-CELL CULTURES - NONINVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF VIABILITY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASSAY; CO2 AB Infrared spectroscopy was used to examine suspension-cultured pear (Pyrus communis L.) and Spartina pectinata cells. Noninvasive measurements were made using internal reflectance sampling. Spectra of actively growing cells exhibited a pronounced absorbance at 2343 reciprocal centimeters. The absorbance peak was identified and verified as CO2 dissolved in water. This peak was absent in nonviable cells. Peak height was directly proportional to percent viability in artificial mixtures of viable and nonviable cells, indicating that the level of intracellular CO2 production could be used as a viability determinant for plant cells. Suspension-cultured cells were slowly cooled to subzero temperatures and analyzed for viability using infrared spectroscopy and tetrazolium staining. Both methods showed similar trends in viability assessment. Infrared spectroscopy could provide a more detailed understanding of cell viability and allow measurement on a noninvasive basis. RP SOWA, S (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 95 IS 2 BP 610 EP 615 DI 10.1104/pp.95.2.610 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EY884 UT WOS:A1991EY88400041 PM 16668026 ER PT J AU MABBSZENO, CC AF MABBSZENO, CC TI THE FAMINE IN FAMINE RESEARCH SO POLITICS AND THE LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article RP MABBSZENO, CC (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,REG & POLICY INFORMAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEECH TREE PUBLISHING PI GUILDFORD PA 10 WATFORD CLOSE, GUILDFORD, SURREY, ENGLAND GU1 2EP SN 0730-9384 J9 POLIT LIFE SCI JI Polit. Life Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 9 IS 2 BP 215 EP 218 PG 4 WC Biology; History & Philosophy Of Science; Social Issues SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; History & Philosophy of Science; Social Issues GA GH385 UT WOS:A1991GH38500004 ER PT J AU REYNNELLS, RD AF REYNNELLS, RD TI ETHICS IN EXTENSION SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ETHICS; EXTENSION; UNIVERSITY; SPECIALIST; POLICY AB Ethical activity cannot be mandated, since ethics are an individual value system that interacts with, and is supported or inhibited by, the moral values of society and any restrictive legislation. However, discussion of ethical topic areas assist in the establishment of individual and societal ethical standards. Extension specialists are characterized as being dedicated professionals; advocates of the industry and of consumers; and persons interested in the long-term success of the poultry system, which results in benefits to society. Too often, they also are characterized as accepting of situations that must be changed if the poultry system is to survive and to progress. Administrators have the power and, therefore, the responsibility to ensure policy decisions are ethical and to examine the long-term effects of those policy decisions. Many administrators have the respect of their agricultural industries and of Extension personnel because of their attempt to create an ethical environment. The objective of Extension personnel should not be ethical perfection, which is unattainable, but rather recognition of imperfections in themselves and the system with attempts to correct deficiencies. Basic questions of ethics or fairness should be discussed before attempting to create changes in individual behavior or in a system. There is little value to great philosophical debates or protestations of unethical behavior if there is no concurrent attempt to modify situations that led to initial ethical concerns. RP REYNNELLS, RD (reprint author), USDA,ES,NPL POULTRY SCI,ROOM 3334,S BLDG,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 70 IS 2 BP 277 EP 283 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA EZ184 UT WOS:A1991EZ18400013 ER PT J AU BAKST, MR CECIL, HC SEXTON, TJ AF BAKST, MR CECIL, HC SEXTON, TJ TI MODIFICATION OF THE ETHIDIUM-BROMIDE EXCLUSION PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATION OF TURKEY SEMEN SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POULTRY; SPERMATOZOA; SEMEN; ETHIDIUM BROMIDE EXCLUSION; ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION ID FERTILITY; SPERMATOZOA; VIABILITY; 5-C AB The objective of the present study was to modify the ethidium bromide exclusion procedure in order to detect dead and labile turkey spermatozoa after 24 h storage at 7 C. In Experiment 1, fresh and stored spermatozoa were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) ranging in osmolarity from 296 to 3 mOsm/kg H2O, each solution containing the same concentration of the nuclear fluorochrome ethidium bromide. In the 3 mOsm/kg H2O PBS, nearly all the fresh (98.3%) and stored (96.7%) spermatozoa were stained with ethidium bromide, indicating they were nonviable. Fresh spermatozoa revealed minor variation in the percentage of nonviable spermatozoa in the ethidium bromide exclusion procedure (ethidium bromide in PBS at 296 mOsm/kg H2O) (20.9%) and the remaining hypotonic PBS solutions (range 20.4 to 18.9%). In the stored semen samples a previously undetected subpopulation of more labile spermatozoa became apparent in hypotonic solutions with osmolarities of 122 and 56 mOsm/kg H2O. In Experiment 2, hen fertility was determined using fresh and stored semen. All hens were inseminated with 100 x 10(6) viable spermatozoa. Viability of stored semen was determined either by the original ethidium bromide exclusion procedure or using the sperm-stress test (ethidium bromide in PBS at 56 mOsm/kg H2O). The observations showed that adjusting the number of viable spermatozoa inseminated based on the percentage of viable sperm estimated from the sperm-stress test did not improve hen fertility over a 15-wk egg production period. RP BAKST, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AVIAN PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 70 IS 2 BP 366 EP 370 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA EZ184 UT WOS:A1991EZ18400026 PM 2027842 ER PT J AU PAPA, CM AF PAPA, CM TI LOWER GUT CONTENTS OF BROILER-CHICKENS WITHDRAWN FROM FEED AND HELD IN CAGES SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FEED WITHDRAWAL; BROILER CHICKENS; INTESTINAL CONTENTS; ETHER INHALATION; FECAL CONTAMINATION ID WATER WITHDRAWAL; TRACT; TIME AB The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of feed withdrawal on the amount and condition of lower gut contents in broiler chickens. A total of 168 birds was used; there were seven treatments of feed withdrawal before slaughter. Data were combined into the following periods (hours of withdrawal) for statistical analysis: Period 1 = 0 and 4 h; Period 2 = 8 and 12 h; and Period 3 = 16, 20, and 24 h. Birds were killed by ether inhalation. Results indicated an increased production of excreta DM and greater loss of BW for birds subjected to the longer periods of withdrawal. The amounts of gross contents in the small intestine, ceca, colon, and cloaca were greater for Period 1 than for Periods 2 and 3. Percentages of moisture in the contents of these segments differed, as follows: in the small intestine, no differences were detected among periods; in the colon and cloaca, moisture content was lower for Period 1 than for Period 3, and no difference was detected between Periods 2 and 3; in the ceca, moisture content was higher for Period 1 than for Period 3, but, again, no difference was detected between Periods 2 and 3. Cecal material was observed in the colon only 15 times, and the numbers in each period were about equal. Ether inhalation almost entirely eliminated peri-mortem excretion. In conclusion, the scheduling of feed withdrawal to occur within Period 2 (withdrawal 8 and 12 h before slaughter) seemed adequate for minimizing the potential of fecal contamination during preslaughter handling. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 70 IS 2 BP 375 EP 380 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA EZ184 UT WOS:A1991EZ18400028 ER PT J AU THAYER, DW BOYD, G AF THAYER, DW BOYD, G TI EFFECT OF IONIZING-RADIATION DOSE, TEMPERATURE, AND ATMOSPHERE ON THE SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM IN STERILE, MECHANICALLY DEBONED CHICKEN MEAT SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHICKEN; GAMMA-RADIATION; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; SALMONELLA ID IRRADIATION; INACTIVATION AB The response to gamma radiation (0 to 3.60 kGy; 100 krad = 1 kGy) of Salmonella typhimurium was tested in otherwise sterile, mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) in the absence of competing microflora. Response was determined at temperatures of -20 to +20 C and when the MDCM was packaged in vacuum or in the presence of air. A central composite response-surface design was used to test the response of the pathogen to the treatments in a single experiment. Predictive equations were developed from the analyses of variances of the resulting data. The accuracy of each predictive equation was tested by further studies of the effects of gamma radiation on S. typhimurium in the presence or absence of air at -20, 0, and +20 C. All data were then analyzed to refine the predictive equations further. Both the original and the refined equations adequately predicted the response of S. typhimurium in MDCM to gamma radiation doses up to 3.60 kGy in the presence of air or in vacuo. Gamma irradiation was significantly more lethal for S. typhimurium in the presence of air and at higher temperatures. The final equations predict a reduction in the number of surviving Salmonella in MDCM irradiated to 1.50 kGy at -20 C of 2.53 logs in air or 2.12 logs if irradiated in vacuum. If the contaminated MDCM were to receive a dose of 3.0 kGy at -20 C in air, the number of Salmonella would be decreased by 4.78 logs, and if irradiated in vacuum, by 4.29 logs. At an irradiation temperature of +20 C and a dose of 3.0 kGy, the number of viable Salmonella would be decreased by 6.38 logs if irradiated in air. RP THAYER, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 16 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 70 IS 2 BP 381 EP 388 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA EZ184 UT WOS:A1991EZ18400029 PM 2027844 ER PT J AU DICKENS, JA LYON, CE WILSON, RL AF DICKENS, JA LYON, CE WILSON, RL TI EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC RADIATION ON SOME PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER BREAST MUSCLE AND COOKED MEAT SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ULTRASOUND; SHEAR; PECTORALIS-MAJOR; HISTOLOGY; TEXTURAL QUALITY ID PRESSURIZATION; PH AB A study was conducted to determine the effect of ultrasonic radiation on the muscle fibers of broiler breast muscle and the objective texture of the cooked meat. Seventy commercially processed broiler carcasses were subjected to either a 15-min water control or ultrasonic bath (40 kHz at 2,400-W power input). Carcasses were then bagged and placed in a 2 C cooling chamber until 2-h post-mortem (PM) at which time both pectoralis major muscles were excised and weighed. At 24 h PM the muscles were heated for 30 min at 85 C, then cooled for 30 min. The meat and the resulting fluids lost during heating were weighed; two 1.27-cm wide strips were removed from each breast, and analyzed for shear values. Samples for histological evaluation were taken at both 2 and 24 h PM and showed no treatment differences. The effect of ultrasonic radiation on carcass temperature was analyzed; untreated carcasses were found to be 3 C lower than treated carcasses. There were no treatment differences in fluids lost, but shear values of the ultrasound-treated meat were significantly less (P < .05) than the shear values of the water control: 4.4 and 5.0 kg, respectively. RP DICKENS, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 70 IS 2 BP 389 EP 396 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA EZ184 UT WOS:A1991EZ18400030 ER PT J AU COX, NA BAILEY, JS MAULDIN, JM BLANKENSHIP, LC WILSON, JL AF COX, NA BAILEY, JS MAULDIN, JM BLANKENSHIP, LC WILSON, JL TI EXTENT OF SALMONELLAE CONTAMINATION IN BREEDER HATCHERIES SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE BROILER BREEDER HATCHERIES; SALMONELLA; FREQUENCY OF ISOLATION; CHICK BOXES; EGG FRAGMENTS ID POULTRY AB Egg fragments, paper pads from chick boxes, and fluff samples were obtained from six commercial broiler breeder hatcheries and analyzed for the presence and level of salmonellae. Overall, 42 of 380 samples (11.1%) from those hatcheries were contaminated with salmonellae. Salmonellae organisms were detected in 22 of 145 (15.2%), 5 of 100 (4.6%), and 15 of 125 (12%) samples of egg fragments, fluff, and paper pads, respectively. The percentage salmonellae-positive samples from each of the six hatcheries were 1.3, 5.0, 22.5, 11.4, 36.0, and 4.3% respectively. Of the 140 samples randomly selected for enumeration, salmonellae were found in 11 samples. Four of these 11 samples had greater than 10(3) salmonellae per sample, 3 others had greater than 10(2) but less than 10(3), and the remaining 4 had less than 10(2). Salmonella serotypes isolated were S. berta, S. california, S. give, S. hadar, S. mbandaka, S. senftenberg, and S. typhimurium, all of which have previously been isolated from poultry. The incidence and extent of salmonellae-positive samples found in the breeder hatcheries were much less than that previously found in broiler hatcheries. Many factors contribute to the lower incidence and level of salmonellae found in the breeder hatcheries; however both the breeder and broiler hatcheries present critical control points in the prevention of salmonellae contamination during commercial poultry production. The cycle of salmonellae contamination will not likely be broken until contamination at these critical points is eliminated. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT EXTENS POULTRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP COX, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 14 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 70 IS 2 BP 416 EP 418 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA EZ184 UT WOS:A1991EZ18400036 PM 2027849 ER PT J AU EISENSTEIN, RS GARCIAMAYOL, D PETTINGELL, W MUNRO, HN AF EISENSTEIN, RS GARCIAMAYOL, D PETTINGELL, W MUNRO, HN TI REGULATION OF FERRITIN AND HEME OXYGENASE SYNTHESIS IN RAT FIBROBLASTS BY DIFFERENT FORMS OF IRON SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL; IRON-REGULATED PROTEINS; METABOLIC REGULATION; IRON REGULATORY ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN; CHELATABLE IRON ID DELTA-AMINOLEVULINATE SYNTHASE; SUBUNIT MESSENGER-RNAS; HEPATOMA-CELLS; TRANSFERRIN RECEPTORS; HEAVY-SUBUNIT; TRANSLATION; PROTEIN; LIVER; LINES; ACID AB Synthesis of the iron-storage protein ferritin is thought to be regulated at the translational level by the cytosolic content of chelatable iron. This response to iron is regulated by the iron-modulated binding to ferritin mRNAs of a repressor protein, the iron regulatory element-binding protein. From measurements made in a cell-free system, regulation of the iron regulatory element-binding protein has been recently suggested to involve direct interaction with hemin. The following observations on the synthesis of ferritin and of heme oxygenase (HO), the heme-degrading enzyme, in rat fibroblasts or hepatoma cells lead us to conclude that chelatable iron is a direct physiological regulator of ferritin synthesis in intact cells: (i) the inhibitor of heme degradation, tin mesoporphyrin IX, reduces the ability of exogenous hemin to induce ferritin synthesis but enhances HO synthesis; (ii) the iron chelator desferal suppresses the ability of hemin to induce synthesis of ferritin but not of HO; (iii) the heme synthesis inhibitor succinylacetone does not block iron induction of ferritin synthesis; (iv) there is no apparent relationship between the ability of various metalloporphyrins to inactivate the iron regulatory element-binding protein in cell-free extracts and their capacity to induce ferritin synthesis in intact cells; (v) administered inorganic iron significantly induces the synthesis of ferritin but not of HO; (vi) addition of delta-aminolevulinic acid to stimulate heme synthesis represses the ability of inorganic iron to induce ferritin synthesis while activating HO synthesis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that (i) release of iron by HO plays an essential role in the induction of ferritin synthesis independently of heme formation. . C1 MIT,DIV TOXICOL,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP EISENSTEIN, RS (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 38 TC 253 Z9 254 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 88 IS 3 BP 688 EP 692 DI 10.1073/pnas.88.3.688 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EW400 UT WOS:A1991EW40000002 PM 1992460 ER PT J AU STANLEYSAMUELSON, DW JENSEN, E NICKERSON, KW TIEBEL, K OGG, CL HOWARD, RW AF STANLEYSAMUELSON, DW JENSEN, E NICKERSON, KW TIEBEL, K OGG, CL HOWARD, RW TI INSECT IMMUNE-RESPONSE TO BACTERIAL-INFECTION IS MEDIATED BY EICOSANOIDS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE CYCLOOXYGENASE; LIPOXYGENASE; PHOSPHOLIPASE-A2; MANDUCA SEXTA; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS ID PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHETASE INHIBITORS; LARVAE FOLLOWING INJECTION; MANDUCA-SEXTA; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; FATTY-ACIDS AB Inhibition of eicosanoid formation in larvae of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta, using specific inhibitors of phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase, and lipoxygenase, severely weakened the ability of larvae to clear the bacterium Serratia marcescens from their hemolymph. The reduced capability to remove bacteria is associated with increased mortality due to these bacteria. There is a dose-dependent relationship between the phospholipase A2 inhibitor dexamethasone and both the reduced bacterial clearance and increased larval mortality. The dexamethasone effects on larval survival were reversed by treatment with arachidonic acid. Maleic acid, a nonspecific antioxidant, did not interfere with the insects' ability to remove bacterial cells from hemolymph. The larvae were shown to contain all of the C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids necessary for eicosanoid biosynthesis and to be capable of converting radioactive arachidonic acid into several primary prostaglandins. These results strongly suggest that eicosanoids mediate transduction of bacterial infection signals into the complex of cellular and humoral responses that comprise invertebrate immunity. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,SCH BIOL SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RP STANLEYSAMUELSON, DW (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ENTOMOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 27 TC 122 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 88 IS 3 BP 1064 EP 1068 DI 10.1073/pnas.88.3.1064 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EW400 UT WOS:A1991EW40000079 PM 1899480 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, LL FORD, JJ KLINDT, J MOLINA, JR VALE, WW RIVIER, J AF ANDERSON, LL FORD, JJ KLINDT, J MOLINA, JR VALE, WW RIVIER, J TI GROWTH-HORMONE AND PROLACTIN SECRETION IN HYPOPHYSEAL STALK-TRANSECTED PIGS AS AFFECTED BY GROWTH-HORMONE AND PROLACTIN-RELEASING AND INHIBITING FACTORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GH SECRETION; PITUITARY; PEPTIDE; RATS; SOMATOSTATIN; DOPAMINE; CALVES; GILTS AB Control of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) release was investigated in hypophysial stalk-transected (HST) and stalk-intact pigs by determining the effects of analogs of GH-releasing factors (GHRF), somatostatin (SRIF), arginine, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, alpha-methyl-rho-tyrosine, and haloperidol. HST and control gilts were challenged with intravenous injections of human pancreatic GHRF(1-40)OH, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and analogs of rat hypothalamic GHRF. HST animals remained acutely responsive to GHRF by releasing 2-fold greater quantities of GH than seen in controls. This occurred in spite of a 38% reduction in pituitary gland weight and a 32 and 55% decrease in GH concentration and total content. During SRIF infusion, GH remained at similar basal concentrations in HST and control gilts, but increased immediately after stopping SRIF infusion only in the controls. Releasable pituitary GH appears to accumulate during SRIF infusion. GHRF given during SRIF infusion caused a 2-fold greater release of GH than seen in animals receiving only GHRF. Arginine increased (P < 0.05) GH release in controls, but not in HST gilts, which suggests that it acts through the central nervous system. Basal PRL concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in HST gilts than in control gilts. TRH acutely elevated circulating PRL (P < 0.001) in HST gilts, suggesting that it acts directly on the pituitary gland. Haloperidol, a dopamine receptor antagonist, increased circulating PRL in controls but not in HST animals. alpha-Methyl-rho-tyrosine did not consistently increase circulating PRL, however, suggesting that it did not sufficiently alter turnover rate of the tyrosine hydroxylase pool. The results indicate that the isolated pituitary after HST remains acutely responsive to hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting factors for both GH and PRL release in the pig. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. SALK INST BIOL STUDIES,CLAYTON FDN LABS PEPTIDE BIOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92138. RP ANDERSON, LL (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,11 KILDEE HALL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 196 IS 2 BP 194 EP 202 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA EV354 UT WOS:A1991EV35400012 PM 1671298 ER PT J AU PRICE, JC AF PRICE, JC TI BELTSVILLE SYMPOSIUM XV REMOTE-SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE - FOREWORD SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material RP PRICE, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB-MAR PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2-3 BP 77 EP 77 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(91)90001-M PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA FR683 UT WOS:A1991FR68300001 ER PT J AU SCHMUGGE, TJ BECKER, F LI, ZL AF SCHMUGGE, TJ BECKER, F LI, ZL TI SPECTRAL EMISSIVITY VARIATIONS OBSERVED IN AIRBORNE SURFACE-TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID HAPEX-MOBILHY; LAND-SURFACES; EVAPORATION; CHANNELS AB The Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) was flown on the NASA C-130 aircraft for series of a 12 flights during the HAPEX experiment in the Southwest of France during 1986. TIMS provides coverage of the 8-12-mu-m thermal infrared band in six contiguous channels so that it is possible to observe the spectral behaviour of the surface emissivity over this wavelength interval. The surfaces observed ranged from bare soils to coniferous forest. As expected the fully vegetated fields, a small lake, and a coniferous forest exhibited little or no spectral variation. However, the bare soil surfaces had a 5-10-degrees-C difference in radiant temperature over the TIMS channels with the three shorter wavelength channels (8.0-mu-m < lambda < 9.6-mu-m) having lower temperatures than the three longest wavelength channels. This qualitatively agrees with laboratory measurements done by a group from the Universite Louis Pasteur in Strasbourg on soil samples from this area. The quantitative agreement of the relative variation after correcting for atmospheric effects is good, but does depend on the day and location of the sample in the field. This spectral variation arises from the absorption of infrared radiation due to the stretching vibrations of the silicon - oxygen bonds of silicates in the soil. These results indicate that the longer wavelength channels in the 8-12-mu-m band may be preferable for surface temperature sensing for soils rich in silicates. C1 ECOLE NATL SUPER PHYS STRASBOURG,LSIT,GRP SCI TELEDETECT,STRASBOURG,FRANCE. RP SCHMUGGE, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BLDG 265,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB-MAR PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2-3 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(91)90003-O PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA FR683 UT WOS:A1991FR68300003 ER PT J AU WIEGAND, CL RICHARDSON, AJ ESCOBAR, DE GERBERMANN, AH AF WIEGAND, CL RICHARDSON, AJ ESCOBAR, DE GERBERMANN, AH TI VEGETATION INDEXES IN CROP ASSESSMENTS SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; SPECTRAL COMPONENTS-ANALYSIS; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; LEAF-AREA; AGRONOMIC VARIABLES; LIGHT INTERCEPTION; CORN CANOPIES; GRAIN-SORGHUM; WINTER-WHEAT; YIELD AB Vegetation indices (VI), such as greenness (GVI), perpendicular (PVI), transformed soil adjusted (TSAVI), and normalized difference (NDVI), measure the photosynthetic size of plant canopies and portend yields. A set of equations, called spectral components analysis (SCA), that interrelates VI or cumulative seasonal VI (SIGMA-VI), leaf area index (L), fractional photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR, dimensionless), cumulative daily PAR energy absorbed (SIGMA-APAR, MJ / m2), above-ground dry photomass (DM, g / m2), and economic yield (Y, g / m2) are presented and used to analyze data from two studies conducted in 1989. In one study we made boll counts and percent plant cover measurements in a salt-affected cotton field on 60 m grid intervals and calculated GVI, PVI, TSAVI, and NDVI at the grid intersections for SPOT-1 HRV and videography scenes. The four VI from SPOT accounted for more of the variation in the lint yield estimated from the boll counts (75-76%) than those from videography (61-63%), but VI from the different systems each accounted for 67% of the variation in plant cover. All relations were linear. In the other study, reflectance factors and FPAR were measured periodically during the season in corn planted at three densities (7.7, 5.4, and 3.1 plants / m2). FPAR could be estimated from NDVI and PVI, respectively, by FPAR = -0.344 +0.229 exp(1.95 NDVI) (r2 = 0.973) and FPAR = 0.015 + 0.036(PVI) (r2 = 0.956). Methods of obtaining FPAR and their effect on the efficiency of conversion of APAR to DM are illustrated and discussed. The data demonstrate how SCA unifies and strengthens the scientific basis of VI interpretations. RP WIEGAND, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 50 TC 209 Z9 230 U1 6 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB-MAR PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2-3 BP 105 EP 119 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(91)90004-P PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA FR683 UT WOS:A1991FR68300004 ER PT J AU RANSON, KJ IRONS, JR DAUGHTRY, CST AF RANSON, KJ IRONS, JR DAUGHTRY, CST TI SURFACE ALBEDO FROM BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID HEMISPHERICAL REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION CANOPIES; SENSOR; LAND; EOS AB Total hemispherical shortwave reflectance (albedo) is a major parameter of interest for studies of land surface climatology and global change. Efforts to estimate albedo from remote sensing data have been constrained by the available instrumentation that typically provide observations of reflected radiance from a single view direction in narrow spectral bands. However, the capability to obtain multiple angle observations over the shortwave region is planned for Earth Observing System sensors. In this paper, methods for estimating albedo from multiple angle, discrete wavelength band radiometer measurements are examined. The methods include a numerical integration technique and the integration of an empirically derived equation for bidirectional reflectance. The validity of the described techniques is examined by comparing albedo computed from multiband radiometer data with simultaneously acquired pyranometer data from vegetated and bare soil surfaces. Shortwave albedo estimated from both techniques agree favorably with the independent pyranometer measurements. Absolute root mean square errors were 0.5% or less for both grass sod and bare soil surfaces. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,REMOTE SENSING RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP RANSON, KJ (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,BIOSPHER SCI BRANCH,CODE 923,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Irons, James/D-8535-2012; Ranson, Kenneth/G-2446-2012 OI Ranson, Kenneth/0000-0003-3806-7270 NR 23 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB-MAR PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2-3 BP 201 EP 211 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(91)90012-U PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA FR683 UT WOS:A1991FR68300011 ER PT J AU EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE VILLARREAL, R NORIEGA, JR DAVIS, MR AF EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE VILLARREAL, R NORIEGA, JR DAVIS, MR TI AIRBORNE VIDEO SYSTEMS FOR AGRICULTURAL ASSESSMENT SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID IMAGERY; RANGELAND; MANAGEMENT; DAMAGE AB Remote sensing data has not been used to its fullest potential for management of natural resources largely because these data are not readily available. Video remote sensing has been proposed as an alternative to provide near-real-time information about natural resources. This paper reviews the status and development of airborne video imaging systems and their application for resource management, with special emphasis on agriculture. Video imagery has been used to detect or assess a variety of agricultural variables such as plant species, chlorosis, grass phytomass levels, cotton and alfalfa root rot infestations, wind erosion, soil moisture and irrigated crops, soil drainage and salinity, and insect pests. The digitization and computer processing of video imagery has also been demonstrated. Presently video does not have the detailed resolution of film, but it can provide farm manager with immediately available remote sensing data that can allow them to make quick decisions concerning their operations. RP EVERITT, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB-MAR PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2-3 BP 231 EP 242 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(91)90015-X PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA FR683 UT WOS:A1991FR68300013 ER PT J AU ZELLER, JK LARSEN, FE HIGGINS, SS CURRY, EA AF ZELLER, JK LARSEN, FE HIGGINS, SS CURRY, EA TI ROOTSTOCK EFFECTS ON RESPONSES OF POTTED SMOOTHEE GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLE TO SOIL-APPLIED TRIAZOLE GROWTH-INHIBITORS .1. SHOOT AND ROOT-GROWTH SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE APPLE; CULTIVAR; GROWTH INHIBITOR; MALUS-DOMESTICA; PACLOBUTRAZOL; ROOTSTOCK; TRIAPENTHENOL; UNICONAZOLE ID PLANT-GROWTH; SEEDLINGS; TRIADIMEFON AB Emulsions containing 0, 1, 10 or 100 mg paclobutrazol, uniconazole or triapenthenol in 100 ml water were applied to the soil of potted cultivar 'Smoothee Golden Delicious' apple (Malus domestica, Borkh.) on M 9, M 7a or MM 111 rootstocks (M = Malling, MM = Malling-Merton). Percentage reductions in shoot length were greatest for trees on MM 111 and M 7a, and least for M 9. Mean shoot lengths of treated trees compared to controls were 64% for MM 111, 69% for M 7a and 75% for M 9. Within rootstocks, triapenthenol caused the greatest and uniconazole the least reduction in shoot growth and stem cross-sectional area per unit increase in dosage. The marginal effectiveness for reduction in shoot length and cross-sectional area was greatest for triapenthenol and least for uniconazole, but the reverse was true for a reduction in shoot dry weight. Rootstock effect on root dry weight at the end of the experiment depended on the chemical used and the dosage applied. Total root growth was small in all treatments. C1 USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. RP ZELLER, JK (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 46 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 74 DI 10.1016/0304-4238(91)90093-E PG 14 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA EZ592 UT WOS:A1991EZ59200007 ER PT J AU ZELLER, JK LARSEN, FE HIGGINS, SS RAESE, JT FELLMAN, JK AF ZELLER, JK LARSEN, FE HIGGINS, SS RAESE, JT FELLMAN, JK TI ROOTSTOCK EFFECTS ON RESPONSES OF POTTED SMOOTHEE GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLE TO SOIL-APPLIED TRIAZOLE GROWTH-INHIBITORS .2. MINERAL-NUTRITION AND CARBOHYDRATE STATUS SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE APPLE; CARBOHYDRATES; GROWTH INHIBITOR; MALUS-DOMESTICA; MINERALS; PACLOBUTRAZOL; TRIAPENTHENOL; UNICONAZOLE ID WALL POLYSACCHARIDE COMPOSITION; PACLOBUTRAZOL; TREE AB Emulsions containing 0 or 10 mg paclobutrazol, uniconazole or triapenthenol were applied to the soil of potted cultivar 'Smoothee Golden Delicious' apple (Malus domestica, Borkh.) on M 9, M 7a or MM 111 rootstocks (M = Malling, MM = Malling-Merton). Significant differences in mineral concentrations occurred, depending on rootstock, tissue and plant growth regulator (PGR), but few consistent trends emerged. PGR had no effect on carbohydrates in plants on MM 111. The carbohydrate concentrations in plants on M 7a were most sensitive to PGR, although differences in relative carbohydrate concentrations were also evident in trees on M 9. C1 USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. UNIV IDAHO,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP ZELLER, JK (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 46 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 88 DI 10.1016/0304-4238(91)90094-F PG 14 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA EZ592 UT WOS:A1991EZ59200008 ER PT J AU WATSON, WF TWADDLE, AA STOKES, BJ AF WATSON, WF TWADDLE, AA STOKES, BJ TI QUALITY OF CHIPS PRODUCED WITH CHAIN FLAILS AND WOODLAND CHIPPERS SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This year, North American pulp mills will consume about 4.5 million tons of wood that has been debarked and chipped in the woodlands. Chain-flail delimber/debarkers teamed with movable "inwoods" chippers are producing chips comparable in quality to those produced in the woodyard. Chips from chain-flailed southern pine species typically have a bark content of less than 1%. The delimber/debarkers consist of two drums (approximately 25 cm in diameter) rotating in opposite directions at about 500 rpm. The trees are delimbed and debarked by the action of 70-150 chains attached to the drums. Properly maintained, the flails can reduce the bark content to 0.5% in southern pine species. Bark reduction to 3% has been observed in chips manufactured from soft hardwood species. Bark removal is less effective on smaller trees. Debarking efficiency also drops during the winter, although this can be improved somewhat by doubling the chains, according to the authors. C1 AUBURN UNIV,US FOREST SERV,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP WATSON, WF (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 74 IS 2 BP 141 EP 145 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA EW193 UT WOS:A1991EW19300018 ER PT J AU PERKINS, HH BRUSHWOOD, DE AF PERKINS, HH BRUSHWOOD, DE TI EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL PROCESSING AND WET TREATMENTS ON ARSENIC ACID DESICCANT RESIDUES IN COTTON SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Note DE ARSENIC ACID; CHEMICAL RESIDUES; COTTON HARVESTING; FABRIC PURITY; WASTE-WATER MANAGEMENT AB Arsenic acid, the principal chemical desiccant used to prepare cotton for harvesting by stripping, is applied to one to two million acres annually in Texas and Oklahoma. The fate of arsenic residues is of concern to textile processors. Cottons containing arsenic were processed into yarn to determine the effects of mechanical processing on residual arsenic content. Yarns were wet processed to determine the ease of arsenic removal. Arsenic content of yarn was not significantly different from that of the raw stock from which it was produced. Arsenic was removed completely from yarn by mild wet treatments indicating that scouring procedures normally used in wet processing would effectively remove residual arsenic. RP PERKINS, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON QUAL RES STN,CLEMSON,SC, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 23 IS 2 BP 26 EP 28 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA EY055 UT WOS:A1991EY05500005 ER PT J AU SAWHNEY, APS HARPER, RJ RUPPENICKER, GF ROBERT, KQ AF SAWHNEY, APS HARPER, RJ RUPPENICKER, GF ROBERT, KQ TI COMPARISON OF FABRICS MADE WITH COTTON COVERED POLYESTER STAPLE-CORE YARN AND 100-PERCENT COTTON YARN SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Cotton covered/polyester staple-core yarns [6, 8], recently developed at the Southern Regional Research Center, and conventional 100% cotton yarns of equivalent size were woven and knitted into various fabrics for evaluation. The woven fabrics were tested for abrasion resistance and tear and tensile strengths. The knitted fabrics were tested for bursting strength, air permeability, pilling resistance, dimensional stability, and DP rating (after a light application of DP finish on the heat set fabric). The staple-core yarns, which were only modestly stronger than equivalent 100% cotton yarns, produced fabrics remarkably improved in all the important properties when compared to the fabrics made with conventional 100% cotton yarns. Fabrics from staple-core yarns should therefore be useful where strength, weight, durability, abrasion resistance, dimensional stability, easy care, and comfort are desirable or critical. RP SAWHNEY, APS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 61 IS 2 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1177/004051759106100202 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA EV349 UT WOS:A1991EV34900002 ER PT J AU BEL, PD COLUMBUS, EP BRAGG, CK ROBERT, KQ AF BEL, PD COLUMBUS, EP BRAGG, CK ROBERT, KQ TI EFFECTS OF MECHANICAL CLEANING ON COTTON FIBERS .1. GINNING SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Smooth leaf and hairy leaf Midsouth cottons were processed through minimum, two intermediate, and maximum gin cleanings. Based on fiber measurements after mill cleaning, minimum gin cleaning yielded the best fiber quality (i.e., length, low short fiber content). Fiber damage as a result of maximum gin cleaning was evident through all levels of mill cleaning. There were also differences in nonlint content as a result of cleaning machinery and cotton varieties. C1 USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. USDA ARS,COTTON QUAL RES STN,CLEMSON,SC 29631. RP BEL, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 61 IS 2 BP 83 EP 88 DI 10.1177/004051759106100205 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA EV349 UT WOS:A1991EV34900005 ER PT J AU MEBUS, CA SINGH, EL AF MEBUS, CA SINGH, EL TI EMBRYO TRANSFER AS A MEANS OF CONTROLLING THE TRANSMISSION OF VIRAL-INFECTIONS .13. FAILURE TO TRANSMIT FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS THROUGH THE TRANSFER OF EMBRYOS FROM VIREMIC DONORS SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EMBRYOS; FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS AB A total of 436 embryos/unfertilized ova was collected from 30 foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) viremic cattle; 106 of these embryos/ova were from eight donors that had FMD virus in their reproductive tracts. The 436 embryos/ova were washed and then either assayed in cell culture or intradermally in steer tongues or transferred to recipients. Foot-and-mouth infectivity was not found to be associated with any of the embryos/ova assayed in cell culture or intradermally. The 149 embryos transferred produced two abortions, five sets of twins born prematurely, and 15 normal calves. All of the recipients and all of the calves remained FMD-seronegative. C1 AGR CANADA,INST ANIM DIS RES,NEPEAN K2H 8P9,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP MEBUS, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 4 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD FEB PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2 BP 435 EP 441 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(91)90293-M PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA EV620 UT WOS:A1991EV62000014 PM 16726913 ER PT J AU MARINER, JC HOUSE, JA WILSON, TM VANDENENDE, M DIALLO, I AF MARINER, JC HOUSE, JA WILSON, TM VANDENENDE, M DIALLO, I TI ISOLATION OF SHEEP POX VIRUS FROM A LAMB IN NIGER SO TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION LA English DT Note C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH VET MED,INT VET MED SECT,N GRAFTON,MA 01536. LAB CENT ELEVAGE,BP 485,NIAMEY,NIGER. RP MARINER, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDINBURGH UNIV PRESS PI EDINBURGH PA TRADE DEPT 22 GEORGE SQUARE, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH8 9LF SN 0049-4747 J9 TROP ANIM HEALTH PRO JI Trop. Anim. Health Prod. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 23 IS 1 BP 27 EP 28 DI 10.1007/BF02361266 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA FC159 UT WOS:A1991FC15900006 PM 1645483 ER PT J AU CAIN, MD AF CAIN, MD TI EVALUATION OF IMAZAPYR FOR CONTROL OF WOODY COMPETITORS IN A PLANTATION OF SUBMERCHANTABLE-SIZE LOBLOLLY-PINE SO USDA FOREST SERVICE SOUTHERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE ARSENAL; DIAMETER AND HEIGHT GROWTH; HARDWOOD REFOLIATION; PERCENT TOPKILL; PINUS-TAEDA L AB The manufacturer-recommended rate (1/2 lb acid equivalent per acre) and three lesser rates (3/8, 1/4, and 1/8 lb a.e./acre) of imazapyr herbicide (Arsenal(R)) were operationally applied by helicopter to a plantation of 5-year-old loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) in southwest Arkansas. After two growing seasons, all herbicide rates increased pine diameter growth, but not height growth, when compared to pines on untreated check plots. None of the imazapyr treatments resulted in pine mortality. Ocular estimates of percent topkill were made on 640 hardwood stems representing 33 species. In general, hardwood topkill was directly proportional to the rate of herbicide used, but there were important differences in species susceptibility to imazapyr. RP CAIN, MD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,MONTICELLO,AR 71655, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA FOR SERV SO FOR EXP STA PI NEW ORLEANS PA 701 LOYOLA AVE ROOM T-10210, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70113 SN 0502-5265 J9 USDA FOR SERV SO RES JI USDA For. Serv. South. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PD FEB PY 1991 IS 262 BP U1 EP U13 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FA275 UT WOS:A1991FA27500001 ER PT J AU KEHRLI, ME WEIGEL, KA FREEMAN, AE THURSTON, JR KELLEY, DH AF KEHRLI, ME WEIGEL, KA FREEMAN, AE THURSTON, JR KELLEY, DH TI BOVINE SIRE EFFECTS ON DAUGHTERS INVITRO BLOOD NEUTROPHIL FUNCTIONS, LYMPHOCYTE BLASTOGENESIS, SERUM COMPLEMENT AND CONGLUTININ LEVELS SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; DAIRY-CATTLE; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD; IMMUNOLOGICAL TRAITS; CLINICAL MASTITIS; LYSOZYME ACTIVITY; DOMESTIC-ANIMALS; RESISTANCE AB Blood neutrophil functions, lymphocyte blastogenic responses, serum complement, and serum conglutinin activity of 98 lactating Holstein cows from two genetic lines were evaluated. The genetic lines were produced in a selection experiment that created and perpetuated genetic differences in milk production for up to seven generations. No significant differences between the two genetic lines of cows were found for neutrophil function, lymphocyte blastogenic responses, serum complement levels, or serum conglutinin levels. Significant differences between sire progeny groups within lines were found for unstimulated and mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis (P < 0.0001), and almost all neutrophil functions (antibody independent neutrophil cytotoxicity, antibody dependent neutrophil cytotoxicity, ingestion of bacteria, iodination, chemiluminescence, chemokinesis, and chemotaxis (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05)). Sire progeny group differences (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.0001) within lines for serum complement and conglutinin activity were also found. Neutrophil chemiluminescence activity (positive relationship; P less-than-or-equal-to 0.001), concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis (positive relationship; P less-than-or-equal-to 0.004), and serum conglutinin activity levels (negative relationship; P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) each had small but significant associations with the total milk somatic cell count. Cows seropositive for bovine leukosis virus had increased resting and mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte blastogenic activity and were associated with increased in vitro neutrophil random migration and production of superoxide anion. Estimates of genetic parameters of various immune cell functions, of serum complement and of conglutinin levels for daughters of 11 sires with 4-6 daughters in the data set were determined. In this report, genetic variation was demonstrated for nonspecific humoral and cellular immunity. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. RP KEHRLI, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 57 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 27 IS 4 BP 303 EP 319 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(91)90028-B PG 17 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA FA673 UT WOS:A1991FA67300003 PM 2038821 ER PT J AU WEIGEL, KA KEHRLI, ME FREEMAN, AE THURSTON, JR STEAR, MJ KELLEY, DH AF WEIGEL, KA KEHRLI, ME FREEMAN, AE THURSTON, JR STEAR, MJ KELLEY, DH TI ASSOCIATION OF CLASS-I BOVINE LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN COMPLEX ALLELES WITH INVITRO BLOOD NEUTROPHIL FUNCTIONS, LYMPHOCYTE BLASTOGENESIS, SERUM COMPLEMENT AND CONGLUTININ LEVELS IN DAIRY-CATTLE SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY SYSTEM; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS INFECTION; PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD; BOLA; RESISTANCE; MASTITIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SELECTION; TRAITS AB Ninety-eight lactating Holstein cows from two genetic lines selected for high and average milk production were used in the study. Five peripheral blood samples were collected over a 60-day period from each cow for evaluation of neutrophil function, lymphocyte blastogenesis, leukocyte count, and serum complement and conglutinin levels. Blood samples were typed for antigens encoded by alleles at the bovine major histocompatibility complex (BoLA) A locus. Alleles w14(w8), w20A, and w19(w6) were the most frequent of 14 alleles present in this herd. Association of BoLA type with immune function results was examined by using gene substitution models including and ignoring sire effects. Alleles w15(w8) and w16 were associated with greater circulating mononuclear cell and total leukocyte numbers, while w27(w10), w11, and w20A were associated with lower numbers of these cell types. Alleles EU28D and w20A were positively and negatively associated with granulocyte percentage, respectively. Allele w16 was associated with greater antibody-independent neutrophil cytotoxicity, unstimulated lymphocyte proliferation, serum conglutinin activity, and with lower antibody-dependent neutrophil cytotoxicity. Allele w19(w6) was associated with decreased conglutinin activity and decreased neutrophil iodination. Increased antibody-dependent neutrophil cytotoxicity was observed for animals bearing allele w14(w8), and decreased neutrophil iodination, serum conglutinin, and nonstimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis were observed in individuals carrying w20A or EU28D. Significance of both sire and BoLA complex effects suggests that both major histocompatibility complex genes and background genes of the sire significantly affect immune function. This research suggests BoLA-A locus genes may be major genes or markers for closely linked major genes involved in regulation of nonspecific immune function. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT VET SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68588. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 27 IS 4 BP 321 EP 335 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(91)90029-C PG 15 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA FA673 UT WOS:A1991FA67300004 PM 2038822 ER PT J AU BOYD, R URI, ND AF BOYD, R URI, ND TI MEASURING THE COSTS OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE UNITED-STATES SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID DISCHARGE PERMITS; AIR-POLLUTION; COMPLEMENTARITY AB The analysis in this paper is directed at comparing the relative effectiveness of meeting the objectives outlined in the recently passed Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 through taxation and through regulation. The analytical vehicle used in the analysis consists of a computable general equilibrium model composed of 12 producing sectors, 13 consuming sectors, 6 household categories classified by income, a foreign sector and a government. We find first that, irrespective of what type of strategy is followed, both output and consumption decline. Hence, there is an identifiable and quantifiable tradeoff between economic activity (economic growth) and the quality of the environment. Beyond this, the aggregate loss in production and economic welfare (measured by consumption expenditures and utility) is less under a policy which stresses reliance on alternative fuels than through one that requires the installation of pollution abatement devices. C1 USDA,RTD,ERS,ROOM 428,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. OHIO UNIV,DEPT ECON,ATHENS,OH 45701. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 55 IS 3-4 BP 355 EP 377 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA FZ939 UT WOS:A1991FZ93900008 ER PT J AU HANSEN, LT HALLAM, A AF HANSEN, LT HALLAM, A TI NATIONAL ESTIMATES OF THE RECREATIONAL VALUE OF STREAMFLOW SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION FUNCTION; PARTICIPATION; ALLOCATION; BENEFITS; RIVER AB This paper presents one practical method of valuing the recreational fishing benefits generated by a unit of water as it moves downstream. A cross-sectional analysis is employed to estimate the change in individuals' fishing behavior due to a change in availability of fishery resources. A proxy for the availability of stream fishery resources is derived from the link between changes in streamflow consumption to changes in the quality of fishing downstream. The results show that marginal increases in streamflow can generate recreational benefits that exceed the marginal value of water in agriculture in some regions of the country. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP HANSEN, LT (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,RM 438,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 1991 VL 27 IS 2 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1029/90WR02402 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA EX056 UT WOS:A1991EX05600003 ER PT J AU HUWE, JK FEIL, VJ BAKKE, JE MULFORD, DJ AF HUWE, JK FEIL, VJ BAKKE, JE MULFORD, DJ TI STUDIES ON THE DISPLACEMENT OF METHYLTHIO GROUPS BY GLUTATHIONE SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID METABOLISM; RATS; ACIDS AB 1. C-14-Methylthio-labelled 2-methylthio-4-ethylamino-6-tert-butylamino-sym-triazine (terbutryn), pentachlorothioanisole (PCTA), and 1,4-bis(methylthio)tetrachlorobenzene (bis-MTTCB) and their methylthio-oxidation congeners were reacted with glutathione (GSH) in the presence and absence of immobilized liver microsomal enzymes. 2. C-13-Methylthio-labelled terbutryn sulphoxide and terbutryn sulphone were used to study displacement of the methylthio moiety by GSH using C-13-n.m.r. 3. Methanesulphinic acid was identified as the group displaced by GSH from the methyl sulphones in vitro. 4. Methanesulphenic acid is proposed to be the group displaced by GSH from methyl sulphoxides forming methyl mercaptan, methyl glutathionyl disulphide and methanesulphinic acid in vitro. 5. Rats given C-14-methylthio-labelled terbutryn, PCTA, bis-MTTCB, and their methylthio-oxidation congeners excreted (CO2)-C-14 and C-14-methanesulphinic acid in varying amounts. These results were compared to the in vitro data. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,FARGO,ND 58105. RP HUWE, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD FEB PY 1991 VL 21 IS 2 BP 179 EP 191 PG 13 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FA003 UT WOS:A1991FA00300004 PM 2058174 ER PT J AU LILLEBERG, SL KILLILEA, SD VASKE, DA LEOPOLD, RA SPARKS, RB AF LILLEBERG, SL KILLILEA, SD VASKE, DA LEOPOLD, RA SPARKS, RB TI EVIDENCE FOR AN INACTIVE PLASMA MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED PRECURSOR OF ACTIVE CYTOPLASMIC ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE IN DEVELOPING EMBRYOS OF MUSCA-DOMESTICA SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MOUSE KIDNEY; ENZYME PROTEIN; RAT-LIVER; PURIFICATION; BINDING C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,DEPT INSECT GENET & CELL BIOL,FARGO,ND 58105. RP LILLEBERG, SL (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD JAN 31 PY 1991 VL 174 IS 2 BP 497 EP 503 DI 10.1016/0006-291X(91)91444-H PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA EV749 UT WOS:A1991EV74900014 PM 1993050 ER PT J AU LIANG, C BROOKHART, G FENG, GH REECK, GR KRAMER, KJ AF LIANG, C BROOKHART, G FENG, GH REECK, GR KRAMER, KJ TI INHIBITION OF DIGESTIVE PROTEINASES OF STORED GRAIN COLEOPTERA BY ORYZACYSTATIN, A CYSTEINE PROTEINASE-INHIBITOR FROM RICE SEED SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ORYZACYSTATIN; SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; MIDGUT; CYSTEINE PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RICE WEEVIL; RED FLOUR BEETLE; RICE ID GROWTH; CURCULIONIDAE; WEEVIL AB Electrophoresis of midgut extracts from the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, and the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate and gelatin revealed there was one major proteinase (apparent molecular mass = 40000) in the rice weevil and two major proteinases (apparent molecular masses = 20000 and 17000) in the red flour beetle. The pH optima using [H-3]casein as substrate were about pH 6.8 for the rice weevil and pH 5.2 for the red flour beetle. Use of specific inhibitors, including L-trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucylamino-(4-guanidino)-butane (E-64), p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid (PCMS), and oryzacystatin, indicated that nearly all of the proteinase activity against casein was contributed by cysteine proteinases. The estimated IC50 values for oryzacystatin were 2 x 10(-6) M and 4 x 10(-7) M when tested against midgut extracts from T. castaneum and S. oryzae, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. NR 16 TC 95 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 1991 VL 278 IS 2 BP 139 EP 142 DI 10.1016/0014-5793(91)80102-9 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA EX385 UT WOS:A1991EX38500002 PM 1991502 ER PT J AU JACOBSOHN, MK BYLER, DM JACOBSOHN, GM AF JACOBSOHN, MK BYLER, DM JACOBSOHN, GM TI ISOLATION OF ESTRADIOL-2,3-QUINONE AND ITS INTERMEDIARY ROLE IN MELANIN FORMATION SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE TYROSINASE; MELANIN; ESTRADIOL; 2-HYDROXYESTRADIOL; ESTRADIOL-2,3-QUINONE; DOPA; FTIR ID ELECTRON-SPIN RESONANCE; MUSHROOM TYROSINASE; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; CATECHOL ESTROGENS; PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; OXIDATION; 2-HYDROXYESTRADIOL; ESTRADIOL; METABOLITES; RADICALS AB We have reported previously that 2-hydroxyestradiol can be oxidized in the presence of catechol by mushroom tyrosinase, with a stoichiometric requirement of molecular oxygen (Jacobsohn, G.M. and Jacobsohn, M.K. (1984) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 232, 189-196). It is then incorporated into melanin (Jacobsohn et al. (1988) J. Steroid Biochem. 31, 377-385). We now report on the isolation and characterization of the o-quinone as a product of the enzyme reaction from 2-hydroxyestradiol. The o-quinone was isolated from incubates and identified by its FTIR spectrum, in particular, by the appearance of a new band at 1652 cm-1, its migration in HPLC systems, its ultraviolet spectrum, its derivatization with phenylenediamine and comparison of these properties with the periodate oxidation product of the same substrate. The enzyme oxidation of the catechol estrogen was performed at 37-degrees-C and did not require an activator; dopa at concentrations higher than 5-mu-M was inhibitory. At concentrations lower than 5-mu-M, dopa acted catalytically and was not consumed during the course of reaction. Ascorbic acid inhibited the reaction. The quinone exhibited both reversible and irreversible binding to preformed melanin and to melanin actively synthesized by the enzyme. Incubation of 18-mu-M newly synthesized [4-C-14]estradiol-2,3- quinone and mushroom tyrosinase for 45 min at 37-degrees-C in presence of 400-mu-M dopa showed incorporation (irreversible binding) of 6.3 +/- 0.3% of label into melanin produced during the course of reaction. Similar incubations for 45 min or pre-formed melanin prepared from 400-mu-M dopa showed incorporation of 4.4 +/- 0.2% of the label. Reversible binding was 10-times greater than incorporation for both actively synthesized and preformed melanins. In the absence of dopa or catechol, enzyme incubations of either 2-hydroxyestradiol or its quinone did not yield melanin. Data suggest that estradiol-2,3-quinone is an intermediate in the incorporation of the catechol estrogen into melanin by tyrosinase. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG LABS,WYNDMOOR,PA. RP JACOBSOHN, MK (reprint author), HAHNEMANN UNIV,DEPT BIOL CHEM,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19102, USA. RI Byler, David Michael/C-5007-2008 OI Byler, David Michael/0000-0002-6880-7674 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 36122] NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3002 J9 BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA PD JAN 23 PY 1991 VL 1073 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/0304-4165(91)90175-G PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA EX411 UT WOS:A1991EX41100001 PM 1899339 ER PT J AU LIN, CH CONNER, AH HILL, CG AF LIN, CH CONNER, AH HILL, CG TI THE HETEROGENEOUS CHARACTER OF THE DILUTE ACID-HYDROLYSIS OF CRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE .2. HYDROLYSIS IN SULFURIC-ACID SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION; TRICARBANILATE AB Nine prehydrolyzed cellulose samples, including native, mercerized, and regenerated celluloses were hydrolyzed in 2% sulfuric acid at 150, 160, and 170-degrees-C. The first-order rate constants and the weight average degrees of polymerization (by size exclusion chromatography) were determined for each sample. The results indicate that Sharples' end-attack model [Trans. Faraday So., 53, 1003 (1957)] is consistent with kinetic data for cellulose II samples, but is not appropriate for characterizing the reactions of cellulose I samples. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT CHEM ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JAN 20 PY 1991 VL 42 IS 2 BP 417 EP 426 DI 10.1002/app.1991.070420214 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA EQ754 UT WOS:A1991EQ75400014 ER PT J AU TRASKMORRELL, BJ ANDREWS, BAK AF TRASKMORRELL, BJ ANDREWS, BAK TI THERMOANALYTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS INVESTIGATED AS DURABLE PRESS AGENTS FOR COTTON TEXTILES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Polycarboxylic acids are of great interest to the cotton textile industry as durable press agents because they do not release substances that require mandatory monitoring. Differential scanning colorimetric (DSC), thermogravimetric (TG), and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) techniques were used to study the thermal characteristics of a series of 10 polycarboxylic acids. Samples included di-, tri-, and tetra-functional compounds some of which contained olefinic linkages, hydroxyl substituents, and cyclic structure. Thermogravimetric data at simulated fabric cure temperatures was used to assess the potential of a compound for use as a textile finishing agent. In high-temperature studies the compounds were readily distinguishable in DSC analyses. General characteristics such as increases in total heats of reactions were found to be related to the number of functional groups. These results also provided support for a mechanism for the reaction of polycarboxylic acids with cellulose through an anhydride intermediate. RP TRASKMORRELL, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JAN 20 PY 1991 VL 42 IS 2 BP 511 EP 521 DI 10.1002/app.1991.070420224 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA EQ754 UT WOS:A1991EQ75400024 ER PT J AU ANNELLI, JF MORRISON, RB GOYAL, SM BERGELAND, ME MACKEY, WJ THAWLEY, DG AF ANNELLI, JF MORRISON, RB GOYAL, SM BERGELAND, ME MACKEY, WJ THAWLEY, DG TI PIG HERDS HAVING A SINGLE REACTOR TO SERUM ANTIBODY TESTS TO AUJESZKYS DISEASE VIRUS SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; SWINE SERA; INFECTION; RHINOTRACHEITIS; IMMUNIZATION; REACTIVATION; STRAIN; SOWS AB The introduction of Aujeszky's disease virus into a herd of pigs usually results in a rapid spread of the virus and a high percentage of pigs become seropositive. However, herd monitoring for the virus occasionally reveals a single seropositive breeding pig, referred to as a single reactor. The seropositive status of single reactors may be due to previous vaccination against Aujeszky's disease, or to exposure to a field strain of the virus, or to a false positive reaction in the serological assay. During a monitoring programme in Minnesota, 30 pig herds with single serological reactors were detected. Twenty-seven of these single reactors from 19 herds were segregated from their herds and immunosuppressed with dexamethasone. Aujeszky's disease virus was isolated from four of the 27 pigs. Three of the four herds subsequently had outbreaks of Aujeszky's disease, suggesting that some single reactors were infected with Aujeszky's disease virus and had the potential to spread the virus within and between herds. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,COLL VET MED,DEPT LARGE ANIM CLIN MED,ST PAUL,MN 55108. MINNESOTA BOARD ANIM HLTH,ST PAUL,MN. RP ANNELLI, JF (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,SWINE DIS STAFF,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD JAN 19 PY 1991 VL 128 IS 3 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EU173 UT WOS:A1991EU17300006 PM 1848382 ER PT J AU ABBOTT, TP KLEIMAN, R AF ABBOTT, TP KLEIMAN, R TI SOLVENT SELECTION GUIDE FOR COUNTERCURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB Thirteen two-phases counter-current chromatography solvent systems (five not previous described for high-speed counter-current chromatography) were evaluated for relative polarity by using Reichardt's dye to measure solvachromatic shifts and by using solubility of index compounds. Three groups of systems were classified as lipophilic, polar or intermediate and a solvent selection guide was developed. Several intermediate systems appeared to have similar characteristics based on these evaluations. A method for making alternative solvent systems and determining composition of the two phases without concentration standards was described. Three of the lipophilic systems were tested for the separation of a 180-mg mixture of dimethylphthalate, dioctylphthalate and dodecyl acetate, and the hexane-acetonitrile (1:1) system was found to work best. RP ABBOTT, TP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 5 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JAN 18 PY 1991 VL 538 IS 1 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)91627-9 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EW734 UT WOS:A1991EW73400012 ER PT J AU GELMAN, DB THYAGARAJA, BS KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP BELL, RA BORKOVEC, AB AF GELMAN, DB THYAGARAJA, BS KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP BELL, RA BORKOVEC, AB TI THE INSECT GUT - A NEW SOURCE OF ECDYSIOTROPIC PEPTIDES SO EXPERIENTIA LA English DT Article DE PTTH; ECDYSTEROIDS; KETOREDUCTASE; PROCTODAEUM; PROTHORACIC GLANDS ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS HUBNER; PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; ECDYSONE SYNTHESIS; ALPHA-ECDYSONE; BOMBYX-MORI; IN-VITRO; GLANDS; HEMOLYMPH AB Proctodaea of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) last instars (larvae) contain prothoracicotropic factors that stimulate the prothoracic glands (PGs) of the gypsy moth to produce both ecdysone and 3-dehydroecdysone (precursors to the insect molting hormone) in a dose-dependent manner. In a separate in vivo assay, injections of proctodaeal extracts into gypsy moth larvae that were head-ligated before the release of the molt-stimulating brain hormone, PTTH, resulted in a pupal molt. C1 RSRS CENT SILK BOARD,KARNATAKA 571313,INDIA. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ZOOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP GELMAN, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT REPROD LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0014-4754 J9 EXPERIENTIA JI Experientia PD JAN 15 PY 1991 VL 47 IS 1 BP 77 EP 80 DI 10.1007/BF02041259 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA EV944 UT WOS:A1991EV94400019 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, ML BLANCHARD, PC BARR, BC DUBEY, JP HOFFMAN, RL CONRAD, PA AF ANDERSON, ML BLANCHARD, PC BARR, BC DUBEY, JP HOFFMAN, RL CONRAD, PA TI NEOSPORA-LIKE PROTOZOAN INFECTION AS A MAJOR CAUSE OF ABORTION IN CALIFORNIA DAIRY-CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NEWBORN CALVES; MYELITIS; CANINUM AB Ninety-five aborted bovine fetuses received from California dairies over a 4.5-year period had histologic lesions of focal encephaltis. Protozoa that reacted with Neospora caninum antiserum were detected in the brain of 88 of these fetuses and in the heart of 1 fetus. Sarcocystis spp schizonts were seen in the vascular endothelium of 1 fetus. It was concluded that a Neospora-like cyst-forming coccidian may be a major cause of abortion in California dairy cattle. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ANDERSON, ML (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,CALIF VET DIAGNOST LAB SYST,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 15 TC 262 Z9 276 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 15 PY 1991 VL 198 IS 2 BP 241 EP 244 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA EU105 UT WOS:A1991EU10500008 PM 2004983 ER PT J AU PRESTRELSKI, SJ BYLER, DM LIEBMAN, MN AF PRESTRELSKI, SJ BYLER, DM LIEBMAN, MN TI COMPARISON OF VARIOUS MOLECULAR-FORMS OF BOVINE TRYPSIN - CORRELATION OF INFRARED-SPECTRA WITH X-RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; FOURIER SELF-DECONVOLUTION; IR SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; CONFORMATION; TEMPERATURE; ACTIVATION AB Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy is a valuable method for the study of protein conformation in solution primarily because of the sensitivity to conformation to the amide I band (1700-1620 cm-1) which arises from the backbone C = O stretching vibration. Combined with resolution-enhancement techniques such as derivative spectroscopy and self-deconvolution, plus the application of iterative curve-fitting techniques, this method provides a wealth of information concerning protein secondary structure. Further extraction of conformational information from the amide I band is dependent upon discerning the correlations between specific conformational types and component bands in the amide I region. In this paper, we report spectra-structure correlations derived from conformational perturbations in bovine trypsin which arise from autolytic processing, zymogen activation, and active-site inhibition. IR spectra were collected for the single-chain (alpha-trypsin) forms as wells as at various times during the course of autolysis and also for zymogen, trypsinogen, and beta-trypsin inhibited with diisopropyl fluorophosphate. Spectral differences among differences among the various molecular forms were interpreted in light of previous biochemical studies of autolysis and the known three-dimensional structures of the zymogen, the active enzyme, and the DIP-inhibited form. Our spectroscopic results from these proteins in D2O imply that certain loop structures may absorb in the region of 1655 cm-1. Previously, amide I' infrared bands near 1655 cm-1 have been interpreted as arising solely from alpha-helices. These new data suggest caution in interpreting this band. We have also proposed that regions of protein molecules which are known from crystallographic experiments to be disordered absorb in the 1645 cm-1 region and that type II beta-turns absorb in the region of 1672-1685 cm-1. Our results also corroborate assignment of the low-frequency component of extended strands to bands below 1636 cm-1. Additionally, the results of multiple measurements have allowed us to estimate the variability present in component band areas calculated by curve fitting the resolution-enhanced IR spectra. We estimate that this approach to data analysis and interpretation is sensitive to changes of 0.01 unit or less in the relative integrated intensities of component bands in spectra whose peaks are well resolved. C1 USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. AMOCO TECHNOL CORP,DIV BIOTECHNOL,NAPERVILLE,IL 60566. RP PRESTRELSKI, SJ (reprint author), CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10029, USA. RI Byler, David Michael/C-5007-2008 OI Byler, David Michael/0000-0002-6880-7674 NR 44 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JAN 8 PY 1991 VL 30 IS 1 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1021/bi00215a020 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA EQ984 UT WOS:A1991EQ98400020 PM 1988014 ER PT J AU HUTCHENS, TW YIP, TT AF HUTCHENS, TW YIP, TT TI METAL LIGAND-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN THE SURFACE-STRUCTURES OF LACTOFERRIN AND TRANSFERRIN PROBED BY INTERACTION WITH IMMOBILIZED COPPER(II) IONS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON COLUMN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY CY MAY 20-25, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA ID CHELATE AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BINDING DOMAIN; PROTEINS; PURIFICATION; RESOLUTION; DNA; ADSORPTION; MONOCYTES; PEPTIDES; IRON AB We have evaluated immobilized Cu(II) ions as a potential site-directed molecular probe to monitor ligand-induced alterations in protein surface structures. Metal ion-induced alterations in the surface structures of different lactoferrins (human and porcine), transferrins (human and rabbit), and ovotransferrin (chicken) were examined. Although these 78 000-dalton glycoproteins are related gene products with similar overall structure and function, they differ greatly in the number and distribution of surface-exposed electron-donor groups thought to interact with Cu(II) ions. Each of these proteins interacted with immobilized Cu(II) ions through sites which are distinct from the two specific high affinity metal binding sites identified for iron. In both the presence and absence of bound iron, transferrins interacted more strongly with the immobilized Cu(II) ions than did lactoferrins; ovotransferrin interacted only weakly. Although iron binding increased the affinities of lactoferrins for immobilized Cu(II), iron binding decreased the affinities of transferrins and ovotransferrin for immobilized Cu(II) ions. Iron-saturated and iron-free lactoferrins were resolved by pH gradient elution, but only in the presence of 3 M urea; they were not resolved by imidazole affinity elution. Conversely, the iron-saturated and iron-free forms of transferrin were only separated by imidazole affinity elution. Urea did not influence the resolution of apo and holo ovotransferrins by imidazole. The differential effects of urea and imidazole suggest the participation of different types of surface electron-donor groups. The progressive site-specific modification of surface-exposed histidyl residues by carboxyethylation revealed several lactoferrin forms of intermediate affinity for immobilized iminodiacetate-Cu(II) ions. In summary, independent of species, the affinity for immobilized Cu(II) ions increased as follows: iron-saturated ovotransferrin < metal-free ovotransferrin < apolactoferrin < hololactoferrin < < diferric or holotransferrin < monoferric transferrin < apotransferrin. We have demonstrated the use of immobilized Cu(II) ions to distinguish and to monitor ligand-induced alterations in protein surface structure. The results are discussed in relation to protein surface-exposed areas of electron-donor groups. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP HUTCHENS, TW (reprint author), BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JAN 4 PY 1991 VL 536 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89232-3 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EU612 UT WOS:A1991EU61200001 PM 2050759 ER PT J AU LYDON, J ENGELKE, BF HELLING, CS AF LYDON, J ENGELKE, BF HELLING, CS TI SIMPLIFIED HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF TEBUTHIURON AND HEXAZINONE SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON COLUMN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY CY MAY 20-25, 1990 CL BOSTON, MA ID HERBICIDES; SOIL AB A simplified, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method of the simultaneous measurement of the herbicides tebuthiuron and hexazinone was developed. Separation was achieved on a Nova-Pak(R) phenyl (4-mu-m) 10 x 0.8 cm column with methanol-water (50:50 v/v) as eluent and on-line detection at 254 nm for tebuthiuron and 249 nm for hexazinone. At a flow-rate of 2.5 ml min-1, the retention times were approximately 4.5 and 6.3 min for tebuthiuron and hexazinone, respectively. The procedure was used successfully for the analysis of residues of these herbicides in soil and plant tissues. A comparison with published procedures for the individual analysis of tebuthiuron and hexazinone is presented. RP LYDON, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,TROP PLANTS RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JAN 4 PY 1991 VL 536 IS 1-2 BP 223 EP 228 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89253-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA EU612 UT WOS:A1991EU61200022 ER PT J AU STEFFENS, GL AF STEFFENS, GL TI UNITED-STATES-DEPARTMENT-OF-AGRICULTURE BRASSINS PROJECT - 1970-1980 SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID PROMOTING STEROIDAL LACTONE; PLANT-GROWTH; RAPE POLLEN; BEAN PLANTS; HORMONES; BRASSINOSTEROIDS; BIOASSAYS AB The discovery of a new naturally occurring group of plant growth promoting substances, termed brassins, from various sources of pollen was reported in 1970 (Nature 1970, 225:1065). In 1974 a cooperative effort for identifying the active component(s) of brassins was initiated among U.S.D.A. scientists at the Northern Regional Research Center (NRRC), Peoria, IL; the Eastern Regional Research Center (ERRC), Philadelphia, PA; and the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), Beltsville, MD. To obtain enough crude pollen extract for identification, about 227 kg of bee-collected rape (Brassica napus L.) pollen was processed via a pilot plant-size solvent extraction procedure at ERRC and partially purified at BARC (Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1978, 17:351). A few crystals (4 mg) were obtained at NRRC and subjected to x-ray crystallographic analysis to determine structure (Nature 1979, 281:216). This biologically active plant growth promoter, brassinolide [2-alpha,3-alpha,22-alpha,23-alpha-tetrahydroxy-24-alpha-methyl-beta-homo-7-oxa-5-alpha-cholestan-6-one], was found to be a steroidal lactone with an empirical formula of C28H48O6 (MW = 480). The concentration of brassinolide in rape pollen is estimated to be about 100 parts per billion. Syntheses of brassinosteroids, biologically active analogues of brassinolide, were first conducted at BARC (J. Organic Chem. 1979, 44:5002). RP STEFFENS, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 474 BP 2 EP 17 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GT467 UT WOS:A1991GT46700001 ER PT J AU BACH, TJ ROTH, PS THOMPSON, MJ AF BACH, TJ ROTH, PS THOMPSON, MJ TI BRASSINOSTEROIDS SPECIFICALLY INHIBIT GROWTH OF TOBACCO TUMOR-CELLS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID BLOWFLY CALLIPHORA-VICINA; ECDYSTEROID RECEPTORS; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; PROMOTING STEROIDS; BRASSINOLIDE; TRIACONTANOL; CHLAMYDOMONAS; BINDING; POLLEN AB Auxin- and cytokinin-autotrophic tobacco cells, generated through transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, were used for studying the effect of two synthetic brassinolides (2-alpha,3-alpha,22-beta,23-beta-tetrahydroxy-24-beta-methyl-B-homo-7-oxa-5-alpha-cholestan-6-one, BR-1, and 2-alpha,3-alpha,22-alpha,23-alpha-tetrahydroxy-24-beta-methyl-B-homo-7-oxa-5-alpha-cholestan-6-one, BR-2). Both artificial brassinosteroids have been shown active in brassinolide-specific tests using intact plants or plant organs. Both in callus and suspension cultures BR-1 and BR-2 significantly inhibited cell growth, with BR-1 being slightly more effective at concentrations below 10(-8) M. This specific growth response, becoming significant below a concentration of 10(-9) M, cannot be easily explained solely by membrane effects but rather suggest the presence of specific hormone receptors mediating gene activation/inactivation similar to the situation in animal cells. This inhibitory effect was much less prominent, if visible at all, in hormone-auxotroph cell lines that have also been tested, e.g. from wild-type tobacco, carrot, and Petunia. BR-1 treated tobacco tumor cells produce less cytokinin and auxin than the controls. From this and other data a model is derived that might provide an explanation of how BR interferes with the regulation of the cell cycle in transformed cells. Ecdysone, having some structural similarities to brassinolide, also exerted some growth-inhibitory effect, although at concentrations about three magnitudes higher. The preliminary data available, using radiolabeled ponasterone that usually serves as a substrate for the kinetic analysis of insect ecdysteroid receptors, indicates some specific binding to protein in homogenates from LA6 cells. Since growth inhibition can be monitored that easily, tobacco tumor cells might be useful in the screening for other natural products having BR activity. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BACH, TJ (reprint author), UNIV KARLSRUHE,INST BOT 2,KARLSRUHE 1,W-7500 KARLSRUHE,GERMANY. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 474 BP 176 EP 188 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GT467 UT WOS:A1991GT46700015 ER PT J AU CUTLER, HG AF CUTLER, HG TI BRASSINOSTEROIDS THROUGH THE LOOKING-GLASS - AN APPRAISAL SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID PROMOTING STEROIDAL LACTONE; INTACT BEAN-PLANTS; SPECTRAL QUALITY; GROWTH-RESPONSE; METABOLISM; ACID AB The brassinosteroids are a unique class of biologically active natural products that possess high specific activity. Their low application rates on crops make them environmentally safe and those used on a large scale (brassinolide and 24-epibrassinolide) are non-toxic. At the physiological level they elicit many changes and may represent a new class of hormones in plants. Limited fungal experiments demonstrate that brassinolide and 24-epibrassinolide increase mycelial growth and reduce the time to produce fruiting sporocarps. Brassinosteroids affect moulting in insects and structurally resemble the ecdysteroids. Applications of 24-epibrassinolide in China over a six-year period have given a significant increase (approximately 15%) in wheat yields and horticultural crops. The economic aspects of the brassinosteroids may have worldwide effects. RP CUTLER, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 474 BP 334 EP 345 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GT467 UT WOS:A1991GT46700030 ER PT J AU NASH, RG HELLING, CS RAGONE, SE LESLIE, AR AF NASH, RG HELLING, CS RAGONE, SE LESLIE, AR TI GROUNDWATER RESIDUE SAMPLING - OVERVIEW OF THE APPROACH TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID WELL WATER; PESTICIDES; CALIFORNIA AB Recognition that nitrogen applied as fertilizer may reach groundwater has been known for two to three decades. It is only in the past decade that evidence has become available suggesting pesticides may leach to groundwater, also. The evidence, though mostly anecdotal, has raised the nation's awareness of the potential for contamination of our water resources, the need to ascertain the extent of the problem, and ways to prevent it. Because of the complexity of natural systems, an interdisciplinary study approach is needed to provide information for cost-effective solutions to the problem. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. US GEOL SURVEY,OFF ASSISTANT DIRECTOR RES,RESTON,VA 22092. US EPA,OFF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP NASH, RG (reprint author), EPL BIOANALYT SERV INC,BOX 1708,DECATUR,IL 62525, USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 1 EP 15 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GE566 UT WOS:A1991GE56600001 ER PT J AU ASMUSSEN, LE SMITH, CN AF ASMUSSEN, LE SMITH, CN TI STUDY DESIGN TO INVESTIGATE AND SIMULATE AGROCHEMICAL MOVEMENT AND FATE IN GROUNDWATER RECHARGE SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article AB The vulnerability of aquifers to contamination by agrochemicals is relatively high in the southeastern Coastal Plain. Transport and fate of agrochemicals in either the root, unsaturated, or saturated zones can be simulated by existing mathematical models. However, a linked mathematical model is needed to simulate the movement and degradation from the point of application through the unsaturated zone, and into groundwater. The United States Geological Survey and Agricultural Research Service initiated a cooperative investigation in 1986. In 1988, the United States Environmental Protection Agency joined the research investigation. These agencies are sharing technical expertise and resources to develop an understanding of physical, chemical, and biological processes and to evaluate their spatial and temporal variability; and to develop and validate linked model(s) that would describe chemical transport and fate. Study sites have been selected in the Fall Line Hills district of the Coastal Plain province. The Claiborne aquifer recharge area is located in this district near Plains, Georgia. Instrumentation to measure water and chemical transport has been installed. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP ASMUSSEN, LE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 150 EP 164 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GE566 UT WOS:A1991GE56600008 ER PT J AU KARLEN, DL FENTON, TE AF KARLEN, DL FENTON, TE TI SOIL MAP UNITS - BASIS FOR AGROCHEMICAL-RESIDUE SAMPLING SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article AB Representative sample collection is the most critical step in any program designed to determine how soil and crop management affects the presence of agrochemical residues such as nitrate nitrogen or pesticides. Soil map units within the soil classification system, can be used to develop sampling plans with comparable soil bodies despite natural soil diversity. Soil map unit data can be analyzed statistically and used to provide information for geographic information systems (GIS). Use of soil map units for selecting sampling sites to evaluate current and alternate management practices on agrochemical residues is recommended. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP KARLEN, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 182 EP 194 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GE566 UT WOS:A1991GE56600010 ER PT J AU WILLIS, GH FOUSS, JL ROGERS, JS CARTER, CE SOUTHWICK, LM AF WILLIS, GH FOUSS, JL ROGERS, JS CARTER, CE SOUTHWICK, LM TI SYSTEM-DESIGN FOR EVALUATION AND CONTROL OF AGROCHEMICAL MOVEMENT IN SOILS ABOVE SHALLOW-WATER TABLES - SYSTEM-DESIGN FOR WATER-TABLE MANAGEMENT SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; DRAINAGE AB The rate of pesticide transport through soils may be significantly affected by various soil-water/watertable management methods. Bordered plots (16 each, 35 by 61 m, each surrounded by a subsurface 2-m vertical plastic film barrier) will be equipped with 102-mm diameter slotted plastic tubing 1.0 m below the soil surface and with appropriate sumps and pumps for microprocessor controlled subdrainage/subirrigation. Each plot will also be equipped with watertable measuring pipes with depth sensors, soil moisture (matric potential) sensors, soil-water pressure sensors, tensiometer-pressure transducers with ceramic cups, watertable sampling tubes, piezometers, and soil temperature sensors (current generating diode type), all placed at various depths in the root/vadose/watertable zones and at appropriate distances from the center drainline in each plot. Initial treatments will include four replications each of (i) surface drainage only, (ii) conventional subsurface drainage at a 1-m depth, (iii) controlled watertable at 45 +/- 5 cm depth and (iv) controlled watertable at 75 +/- 5 cm depth. RP WILLIS, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,POB 25071,BATON ROUGE,LA 70894, USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 195 EP 213 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GE566 UT WOS:A1991GE56600011 ER PT J AU PIONKE, HB URBAN, JB GBUREK, WJ ROGOWSKI, AS SCHNABEL, RR AF PIONKE, HB URBAN, JB GBUREK, WJ ROGOWSKI, AS SCHNABEL, RR TI SAMPLING GROUNDWATER IN A NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES WATERSHED SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article AB The sampling of groundwater, particularly for nitrates, is examined in a flow system and watershed context. A groundwater flow dominated watershed located in east-central Pennsylvania provides an example and basis for this analysis. Groundwater sampling is also viewed from a groundwater recharge (percolate) and discharge (streamflow) perspective. Some spatial and timing controls are described and examined in terms of where and when to sample. RP PIONKE, HB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NE WATERSHED RES CTR,110 RES BLDG A,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 222 EP 241 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GE566 UT WOS:A1991GE56600013 ER PT J AU STARR, JL MEISINGER, JJ PARKIN, TB AF STARR, JL MEISINGER, JJ PARKIN, TB TI EXPERIENCES AND KNOWLEDGE GAINED FROM VADOSE ZONE SAMPLING SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; UNSATURATED ZONE; ROOT ZONE; SOILS; PESTICIDES; MOVEMENT AB Vadose zone sampling offers an opportunity for assessing the impact on groundwater quality of chemicals applied at the land surface. Many interacting factors control the fate of chemicals in the field cause major sampling problems even for experienced researchers. Underlying any sampling program is the absolute need to clearly define the study's objectives. The sampling procedure should then be developed with a clear conceptual view of the physical, chemical, and biological processes that affect the fate of the chemical(s) under investigation. Basic questions regarding the spatial, temporal, and statistical distributions of specific parameters must also be addressed in developing an efficient sampling plan. There is no "best sampling method" for all situations, rather, there are several techniques with attendant advantages and disadvantages. An efficient sampling plan considers: the underlying processes; spatial, temporal, and statistical distributions of important parameters; and limited resources to answer the study's objectives. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP STARR, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 279 EP 289 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GE566 UT WOS:A1991GE56600017 ER PT J AU HILL, RL GROSS, CM ANGLE, JS AF HILL, RL GROSS, CM ANGLE, JS TI RAINFALL SIMULATION FOR EVALUATING AGROCHEMICAL SURFACE LOSS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID TILL CORN WATERSHEDS; AGRICULTURAL FIELDS; SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF; SOIL; EROSION; TRANSPORT; PREDICTION; NUTRIENTS; SEDIMENT AB Agrochemical surface loss can be a serious point source of groundwater contamination through direct channeling of runoff to groundwater. Agrochemical surface loss measurements may also be used to estimate potential agrochemical reserves available for leaching to groundwater. Surface losses are a critical component of groundwater contamination models. Rainfall simulators are effective research tools to evaluate potential agrochemical surface loss. The choice of a simulator is determined by simulator properties, research objectives, and the agrochemical loss to be evaluated. Whether nutrient and/or pesticide loss will occur in the aqueous or sediment-associated fraction of runoff is largely dependent on the inherent agrochemical properties and the timing of the rainfall event after agrochemical application. The general techniques presented could be incorporated into research studies to evaluate potential contamination effects of agrochemical surface loss. C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21401. RP HILL, RL (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 465 BP 367 EP 382 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA GE566 UT WOS:A1991GE56600023 ER PT J AU BONNARME, P PEREZ, J JEFFRIES, TW AF BONNARME, P PEREZ, J JEFFRIES, TW TI REGULATION OF LIGNINASE PRODUCTION IN WHITE-ROT FUNGI SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; LIGNINOLYTIC ACTIVITY; MANGANESE PEROXIDASE; NITROGEN; ENZYME; BASIDIOMYCETE AB Carbon, nitrogen and manganese are critical nutritional variables in the production of ligninases including lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and other white rot fungi. Excess carbon and nitrogen repress lignin biodegradation. Mn(II) is a specific effector that induces MnP and represses LiP. LiP and MnP also have different sensitivities to carbon and nitrogen supply. Mn(II) regulation is superimposed on carbon and nitrogen regulation and is only apparent when cultures are derepressed for these macronutrients. Supplementing nitrogen during cultivation represses MnP activity but can stimulate LiP production. These findings suggest that the regulatory mechanisms for LiP and MnP isoenzymes differ in several ways. RP BONNARME, P (reprint author), USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; Perez Torres, Juana/H-2480-2015 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; Perez Torres, Juana/0000-0001-8073-9398 NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 460 BP 200 EP 206 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FM710 UT WOS:A1991FM71000016 ER PT J AU BASTAWDE, KB TABATABAI, LB MEAGHER, MM SRINIVASAN, MC VARTAK, HG RELE, MV REILLY, PJ AF BASTAWDE, KB TABATABAI, LB MEAGHER, MM SRINIVASAN, MC VARTAK, HG RELE, MV REILLY, PJ TI CATALYTIC PROPERTIES AND PARTIAL AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE OF AN ACTINOMYCETE ENDO-(1-]4)-BETA-D-XYLANASE FROM CHAINIA SPECIES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; YEAST CRYPTOCOCCUS-ALBIDUS; XYLANASE GENE; BACILLUS-PUMILUS; STREPTOMYCES; CELLULASE; GLUCOSE AB An endo-(1-->4)-beta-D-xylanase from a cellulase-free Chainia strain was substantially purified and subjected to amino acid sequencing. The first forty N-terminal amino acid residues show high homology with endo-xylanases from Bacillus pumilus, B. subtilis, B. circulans, and Schizophylum commune, less homology with endo-xylanases from Aureobasidium sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens, and slight homology, but including a possible catalytic Asp residue, with catalytic domains of endo-xylanases from Clostridium thermocellum, Cryptococcus albidus, and an alkalophilic Bacillus and with a cellobiohydrolase from Cellulomonas fimi. The enzyme attacks substrates as small as xylotetraose and has xylosyltransferase activity. It is most active at pH 6 and 60-degrees-C and most stable between pHs 5 and 7. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP BASTAWDE, KB (reprint author), NATL CHEM LAB,DIV BIOCHEM SCI,POONA 411008,MAHARASHTRA,INDIA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 460 BP 417 EP 425 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FM710 UT WOS:A1991FM71000032 ER PT J AU HAPEMANSOMICH, CJ AF HAPEMANSOMICH, CJ TI MINERALIZATION OF PESTICIDE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID 4-CARBOXY-1-METHYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE; MICROBIAL METABOLISM; PYRIDINIUM COMPOUNDS; ALACHLOR; SOIL; HERBICIDES; OZONATION; PARAQUAT; OZONE; WATER AB Pesticides and pesticide degradation products, which are not mineralized to carbon dioxide, ammonia, water and inorganic salts, can leach and contaminate water supplies. Altering pesticides by photolysis or ozonation has been shown to enhance significantly the rate of mineralization. Photodegradation products of s-triazines, chloroacetanilides and paraquat were dechlorinated and/or oxidized. Ozonation of these same herbicides afforded products in which the alkyl side chains were oxidized or removed and the aromatic ring was oxidized or cleaved, however, dechlorination did not occur. In some cases, the matrix in which these compounds were found affected microbial activity. RP HAPEMANSOMICH, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 459 BP 133 EP 147 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FH817 UT WOS:A1991FH81700010 ER PT J AU DUKE, SO MOORMAN, TB BRYSON, CT AF DUKE, SO MOORMAN, TB BRYSON, CT TI PHYTOTOXICITY OF PESTICIDE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID TRIFLURALIN SOIL METABOLITES; COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; RESIDUES; GROWTH; BIOAVAILABILITY; MICROORGANISMS; YIELD; GLYPHOSATE; FLUOMETURON; HERBICIDES AB Pesticide metabolites and degradation residues can accumulate in soils and plants. Relatively little is known of the potential phytotoxicity of these compounds. High levels of certain pesticide metabolites, particularly herbicides, are phytotoxic. For instance, N-methyl-N'-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea, a metabolite of fluometuron, is a weak photosynthesis inhibitor. Crops are not likely to encounter sufficient concentrations of a single weakly phytotoxic pesticide degradation product to cause symptoms in most field situations. Some scientists have speculated that accumulated herbicide degradation products in soils have contributed to a less than anticipated growth of agricultural productivity in cotton and some other crops. However, there is little scientific evidence to validate this and some data indicate that this is not the case. For instance, levels of trifluralin metabolites in soil equivalent to many years of accumulation from high trifluralin use rates have been shown to have no effect on yield of cotton or soybeans. Similar results were obtained with the metabolites of diuron and fluometuron on cotton. In crops genetically engineered to be highly resistant to certain herbicides, metabolite accumulation at high herbicide application rates could be sufficient to cause phytotoxicity in some cases. In the field, there are generally a large number of different degradation products of many different pesticides in the soil. Little is known of possible interactions of these combinations of metabolites on plant health. RP DUKE, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO WEED SCI LAB, POB 350, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 459 BP 188 EP 204 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FH817 UT WOS:A1991FH81700014 ER PT J AU PLIMMER, JR JOHNSON, WE AF PLIMMER, JR JOHNSON, WE TI PESTICIDE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS IN THE ATMOSPHERE SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PARATHION; PHOTOOXIDATION; TRIFLURALIN; WATER; AIR AB A large fraction of the pesticides that are manufactured enters the environment. Losses to the air are well documented and depend on vapor pressure of the active ingredient, type of formulation, application technique, climate, etc. Pesticide transformations in the air are driven primarily by solar irradiation. Atmospheric transport and deposition to water and terrestrial surfaces occurs. In some cases pesticide transformation products may be more toxic than the parent compound, however, the amounts detected and their dissipation pathways in the atmosphere suggest that although this may not be a major issue, some transformation products may be of concern. RP PLIMMER, JR (reprint author), USDA, NATL RESOURCES INST, ENVIRONM CHEM LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 459 BP 274 EP 284 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FH817 UT WOS:A1991FH81700019 ER PT J AU DAILEY, OD AF DAILEY, OD TI PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CYCLODEXTRIN COMPLEXES OF SELECTED HERBICIDES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; INCLUSION; PESTICIDES AB Recently, concern over the contamination of groundwater by pesticides has increased. The beta-cyclodextrin (BCD) complexes of a number of herbicides most frequently implicated in groundwater contamination have been prepared in an attempt to develop formulations that prevent entry of the chemical into the groundwater while maintaining effective pest control. In this paper, the methods of preparation of the BCD complexes will be described. In addition, evidence confirming the formation of true inclusion complexes (solubility properties, elemental analyses, UV spectra) will be presented. Two of the herbicides studied failed to form BCD complexes. Computer model studies indicated that these potential guest molecules are too bulky to fit even partially into the BCD central cavity. Formation of complexes of these molecules with the larger gamma-cyclodextrin (GCD) was investigated, and the results will be presented. RP DAILEY, OD (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, POB 19687, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 458 BP 317 EP 330 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FX128 UT WOS:A1991FX12800020 ER PT J AU TURBAK, AF VIGO, TL AF TURBAK, AF VIGO, TL TI HIGH-TECH TEXTILES - EVOLUTION OR REVOLUTION SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review AB The new world of textile technology now encompasses realms of products that were not even dreamed of ten years ago. High-tech textiles are prevalent as major components in such diverse products as artificial organs, structural bone replacements, rocket motors and nozzles, space shuttle shields, the Stealth bomber and most of the new design military, commercial and civilian aircraft, boats, bicycles, high-performance sporting goods, road beds, food/water removal systems, pollution control devices, translucent roofs for stadiums, airports and shopping malls, components for converting sea water into potable water, optical fibers for transmission of laser-pulsed communication and extended, temperature-controlled garments. Fibers that are five to ten times as strong as steel on a weight basis now provide the lead technology for making automobiles that are 50% lighter, safer and twice as fuel-efficient as current models. These examples and the history of the development of this technology will be reviewed and discussed in depth in this book. C1 USDA ARS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP TURBAK, AF (reprint author), SO COLL TECHNOL,1110 S MARIETTA PKWY,MARIETTA,GA 30060, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 457 BP 1 EP 19 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FM048 UT WOS:A1991FM04800001 ER PT J AU PARRIS, N WOYCHIK, JH COOKE, P AF PARRIS, N WOYCHIK, JH COOKE, P TI EFFECT OF PREHEAT TEMPERATURE ON THE HYDROPHOBIC PROPERTIES OF MILK-PROTEINS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID WHEY AB Pre-heat treatment of skim milk for the preparation of nonfat dry milk (NDM) powders results in physicochemical changes that effect the functional behavior of the powder. The functional properties of NDM powders heated to 63-degrees-C (I), 74-degrees-C (II), and 85-degrees-C (III) for 30 min before spray drying were different. Comparison of reversed phase chromatographic profiles indicated that milk proteins were altered and a whey-casein complex was formed in II and III. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) indicated that the complex formed eluted before beta-casein and hence was more hydrophilic than was indicated under reversed phase chromatography conditions. Alkane binding to the milk proteins in the rehydrated powders also indicated that II and III were more hydrophilic than I. Electron micrographs of immuno-gold labeled whey proteins in the rehydrated powders indicated that less than ten percent of the gold particles were associated with the casein micelles for I but greater than fifty percent were associated with the micelles for II and III. The appearance of the complex formed in II and III on the surface of casein micelles suggests it may contribute to the increased hydrophilic character of these powders. Examination of their functional properties indicated that III had the lowest solubility and the greatest percent overrun in a foaming test. The emulsifying activity index (EAI) was greatest for II and no significant differences were observed for foam and emulsion stability between the three powders. RP PARRIS, N (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 454 BP 25 EP 41 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FC405 UT WOS:A1991FC40500003 ER PT J AU CORNELL, DG AF CORNELL, DG TI SURFACE-ACTIVITY OF BOVINE WHEY PROTEINS AT THE PHOSPHOLIPID WATER INTERFACE SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; MONOLAYERS; ADSORPTION; FILMS AB The interaction of the major whey proteins of cows' milk with phospholipids in a monolayer was studied with a Langmuir Film Balance. The phospholipids were mixtures of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol. The ultraviolet and circular dichroism spectra of transferred films were used to determine the quantity and conformation of proteins interacting with the lipids in the monolayer. The proteins were dissolved in the aqueous subphase and migrated to the phospholipid/water interface where adsorption was controlled by the solution pH and calcium ion concentration. At neutral pH, above the isoionic point of all proteins studied, protein-phospholipid interaction was minimal. Some binding of protein to the lipids was observed when the subphase was at the isoionic pH of the protein. Increased lipid-protein binding was observed when the subphase was below the isoionic pH of the protein; under these conditions a film of protein about one molecule thick formed beneath the lipid monolayer. Calcium in the subphase interfered with lipid-protein binding, but the effect was pH dependent. Circular dichroism spectra of transferred films showed that the secondary structure of the proteins was largely preserved in the lipid-protein complexes. An electrostatic mechanism for lipid-protein interaction is discussed. RP CORNELL, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 454 BP 122 EP 136 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FC405 UT WOS:A1991FC40500009 ER PT J AU KUMOSINSKI, TF PESSEN, H BROWN, EM KAKALIS, LT FARRELL, HM AF KUMOSINSKI, TF PESSEN, H BROWN, EM KAKALIS, LT FARRELL, HM TI QUATERNARY STRUCTURAL-CHANGES OF BOVINE CASEIN BY SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY-SCATTERING - EFFECT OF GENETIC-VARIATION SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE RELAXATION; SECONDARY-STRUCTURE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MICELLES; PROTEINS; H-1-NMR AB Milks containing the A or B genetic variants of alpha-s 1-casein have markedly different physical properties (solubility, heat stability). When examined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), whole caseins, either A or B, as submicelles (without Ca2+) behaved as inhomogeneous spheres with two concentric regions; the inner (more electron dense) region displayed protein-protein inter- actions, the outer region, high hydration. Upon addition of Ca2+, casein of both variants, while retaining its submicellar hydration and structure was packed into colloidal micelles at ratios of 3:1 for B, and 6:1 for A. Tightly bound water (by H-2 NMR relaxation) was only a fraction of total water (by SAXS): thus both micelles and submicelles contained trapped water. For both micelles and submicelles, similar dynamic motions were observed by C-13 NMR. Open penetrable 3-D structures of alpha-s1- and k-caseins were predicted by energy minimization. All results support a model featuring micelles composed of submicelles which exhibit high mobility accounting for the known diffusion of enzymes and cosolutes throughout the casein micelle. RP KUMOSINSKI, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 454 BP 182 EP 194 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FC405 UT WOS:A1991FC40500013 ER PT J AU MASLER, EP KELLY, TJ MENN, JJ AF MASLER, EP KELLY, TJ MENN, JJ TI BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE INSECT PEPTIDES - PROSPECTS FOR APPLIED AND FUNDAMENTAL KNOWLEDGE SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; ADIPOKINETIC HORMONE; TOBACCO HORNWORM; OOSTATIC HORMONE; ECLOSION HORMONE; NEUROPEPTIDES; CLONING; GENE; NEUROTRANSMITTER AB Neuropeptides reveal a new approach to understanding insect life processes and the development of measures to control these processes. Peptide structural characterization and structure-activity studies allow expansion of analysis beyond the peptide itself into molecular genetics, precursor identification, biosynthesis and processing, receptor binding, and degradation. Robust bioassays and initial peptide purifications are essential. Integration of these technologies, from bioassay through gene sequencing, presents unique opportunities for the development of potent, flexible and specific control measures which will include production of antagonists and superagonists, delivery of fusion peptides to target pests by the baculovirus system, development of peptidomimetics, receptor blockers, enzyme inhibitors and poisons. RP MASLER, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INST PLANT SCI, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 453 BP 6 EP 18 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EZ325 UT WOS:A1991EZ32500002 ER PT J AU KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP BELL, RA THYAGARAJA, BS DAVIS, RE FESCEMYER, HW BORKOVEC, AB AF KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP BELL, RA THYAGARAJA, BS DAVIS, RE FESCEMYER, HW BORKOVEC, AB TI GYPSY-MOTH PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE - PROGRESS TOWARD IDENTIFICATION SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; NEURO-ENDOCRINE RESEARCH; BOMBYX-MORI; MANDUCA-SEXTA; DEVELOPING EMBRYOS; TOBACCO HORNWORM; SILKWORM; BRAIN; INSULIN; PTTH AB The processes of molting and metamorphosis in insects are regulated by a neuropeptide, prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) that acts through the stimulation of ecdysteroid synthesis and secretion by the prothoracic glands. PTTH exists in various insect species as a family of peptides comprised of two major classes that fall within the following mass ranges: large PTTH, 11-27 kD; small PTTH, 4-7 kD. In the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, we estimate ranges of 11-15 kD and 4-6 kD for large and small PTTH, respectively, from both larval and pupal brains. PTTH activity, with a molecular mass of < 5 kD, has also been demonstrated in extracts of whole, pre-hatch L. dispar eggs. Small PTTH-specific nucleotide sequences have been amplified from L. dispar cDNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and fragments of the expected size have been obtained. The development of bioassays for L. dispar PTTH and recent work on PTTH in other insect species are discussed. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ZOOL, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RSRS, CENT SILK BOARD, NAGAR 571313, INDIA. RP KELLY, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 453 BP 27 EP 37 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EZ325 UT WOS:A1991EZ32500004 ER PT J AU HOLMAN, GM NACHMAN, RJ WRIGHT, MS SCHOOFS, L HAYES, TK DELOOF, A AF HOLMAN, GM NACHMAN, RJ WRIGHT, MS SCHOOFS, L HAYES, TK DELOOF, A TI INSECT MYOTROPIC PEPTIDES - ISOLATION, STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION, AND BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID 2 ADDITIONAL NEUROPEPTIDES; LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; PERIPLANETA-AMERICANA; COCKROACH; FAMILY; MEMBERS; CEPHALOMYOTROPINS; CHOLECYSTOKININ; PROCTOLIN; GASTRIN AB In the early 1980's, dramatic improvements in both peptide isolation technology and the instrumentation for structural characterization resulted in an avalanche of new insect neuropeptide structures. Of the 50-60 known structures, about half exhibit effects on the contractile activity of insect visceral muscle at physiological concentrations. This report describes the strategies and tactics that were utilized to successfully isolate, purify, and structurally characterize this group of insect neuropeptides. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST, DEPT ENTOMOL, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN, INST ZOOL, B-3000 LOUVAIN, BELGIUM. RP HOLMAN, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB, COLLEGE STN, TX 77840 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 453 BP 40 EP 50 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EZ325 UT WOS:A1991EZ32500005 ER PT J AU COOK, BJ WAGNER, RM AF COOK, BJ WAGNER, RM TI MYOTROPIC NEUROPEPTIDES - PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID COCKROACH LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; SULFATED INSECT NEUROPEPTIDE; CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; VISCERAL MUSCLES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; HEAD EXTRACTS; PROCTOLIN; HINDGUT; PEPTIDE AB Proctolin, the first peptide identified from insects, has a broad distribution among members of the class and does not appear to function as a conventional neurotransmitter. More recently, eight peptides of quite similar structure were isolated from head extracts of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. Experiments with these peptides (Leucokinins I-VIII) on various types of visceral muscle showed a selective activation of the hindgut. Subnanomolar amounts of the leucokinins (3 x 10(-10)M) caused an increase in the frequency and amplitude of hindgut contractions. The muscles of the foregut and oviduct were 100 to 1000 fold less sensitive to these peptides. The heart by comparison was either unresponsive or inconsistent. Another myotropic peptide leucopyrokinin showed a similar response profile with the same visceral muscles, but it caused a more consistent stimulation of the heart. A peptide (leucomyosuppressin) that inhibits spontaneous visceral muscle activity was also isolated from head extracts of L. maderae. This peptide suppresses muscle activity of the foregut and hindgut in the 5 to 9 x 10(-11)M range. The other visceral organs were less responsive. RP COOK, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB, COLLEGE STN, TX 77840 USA. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 453 BP 51 EP 64 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EZ325 UT WOS:A1991EZ32500006 ER PT J AU RAINA, AK KEMPE, TG JAFFE, H AF RAINA, AK KEMPE, TG JAFFE, H TI PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE - REGULATION OF PHEROMONE PRODUCTION IN MOTHS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID HELIOTHIS-ZEA; BOMBYX-MORI; HORMONE; SILKWORM; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; SEQUENCE AB Pheromone production in females of many species of moths is controlled by a hormone, the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN). PBAN was isolated from Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea and identified as a 33 amino acid peptide. Amidation of the C-terminus is important for the biological activity of this hormone. Oxidation of two Met residues at postitions 5 and 14 enhanced pheromonotropic activity of PBAN. Stability of PBAN in saline can be increased by the substitution of Nle for Met at positions 5 and 14. Biological activity is mostly associated with brain-suboesophageal ganglion and corpora cardiaca of both female and male moths. Terminal abdominal ganglion does not appear to be directly involved in the control of pheromone production. PBAN is slowly degraded in hemolymph. Future possibilities of research on PBAN are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RP RAINA, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 453 BP 100 EP 109 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EZ325 UT WOS:A1991EZ32500010 ER PT J AU MASLER, EP KELLY, TJ KOCHANSKY, JP WOODS, CW BORKOVEC, AB AF MASLER, EP KELLY, TJ KOCHANSKY, JP WOODS, CW BORKOVEC, AB TI EGG DEVELOPMENT NEUROSECRETORY HORMONE-ACTIVITY IN THE MOSQUITO AEDES-AEGYPTI SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; ADULT MOSQUITO; PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE; JUVENILE-HORMONE; OOSTATIC HORMONE; BRAIN HORMONE; ECDYSONE; ATROPALPUS; PEPTIDES; RESPONSIVENESS AB Egg development neurosecretory hormone (EDNH) is a bioactive neuropeptide responsible for the stimulation of ovarian ecdysteroid production in Aedine mosquitos. A consequence of this steroid production is the development of mature ovarian follicles. A brief history of the identification of EDNH and its relationship with juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysone is presented. Current methods of isolation of the hormone involving high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and in vivo and in vitro bioassays are described. The existence of multiple molecular forms of EDNH defined by molecular weight (6.5 kD-24 kD), retention by reverse phase-HPLC (RP-HPLC) and elution by ion exchange chromatography are discussed. EDNH activity in non-cerebral tissue is reported and prospects for the resolution of questions of multiple forms and their physiological significance are presented. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP MASLER, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INST PLANT SCI, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 453 BP 124 EP 132 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EZ325 UT WOS:A1991EZ32500012 ER PT J AU BOROVSKY, D CARLSON, DA HUNT, DF AF BOROVSKY, D CARLSON, DA HUNT, DF TI MOSQUITO OOSTATIC HORMONE - A TRYPSIN-MODULATING OOSTATIC FACTOR SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS STAL; EGG DEVELOPMENT; AEDES-AEGYPTI; ENZYMES AB Mosquito oostatic hormone, a trypsin modulating oostatic factor (TMOF) has been purified from the ovaries of female Aedes aegypti. The hormone is a decapeptide of molecular weight 1047.6. The primary sequence has been determined using mass spectra recorded on a quadrupole Fourier transform instrument. Injection of synthetic analogs into mosquitoes, biting midges, flies and fleas inhibited proteolytic enzyme biosynthesis in the midgut. The target tissue of the hormone is midgut epithelial cells, and binding of [H-3] TMOF to midgut receptor was demonstrated in vivo. TMOF exhibits homology to mammalian, plant and several viral proteins. This is the first insect peptide hormone to share homology simultaneously with viral, plant and mammalian proteins. These results indicate that trypsin synthesis in mosquitoes and other insects may be regulated by sequence-related TMOFs that bind to midgut specific receptors. C1 USDA ARS, INSECTS AFFECTING MAN & ANIMAL RES LAB, GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 USA. UNIV VIRGINIA, DEPT CHEM, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22901 USA. RP BOROVSKY, D (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, FLORIDA MED ENTOMOL LAB, VERO BEACH, FL 32962 USA. RI Hunt, Donald/I-6936-2012 OI Hunt, Donald/0000-0003-2815-6368 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 453 BP 133 EP 142 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EZ325 UT WOS:A1991EZ32500013 ER PT J AU DEMILO, AB KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP BELL, RA AF DEMILO, AB KELLY, TJ MASLER, EP BELL, RA TI HOUSEFLY OOSTATIC HORMONE - METHODS FOR ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID MUSCA-DOMESTICA; EGG DEVELOPMENT; CORPUS ALLATUM; MATURATION; MOSQUITOS; OVARIES AB House fly oostatic hormone (OH) was first described over 20 years ago. Only recently has appreciable progress been made toward its isolation and characterization. Due to significant technological advancements in HPLC over the last decade, a variety of highly specialized chromatographic tools are now available to assist in the purification of insect hormones, characteristically present in ng or pg quantities. Techniques which include size-exclusion, reverse-phase and normal-phase HPLC resulted in > 1000-fold purification of house fly OH derived from ovaries of mature adults. Our data suggest that more than one oostatic factor may be present in the ovaries. Moreover, the most potent factors are hydrophilic and are of low molecular weight. RP DEMILO, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INSECT REPROD LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 453 BP 143 EP 151 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EZ325 UT WOS:A1991EZ32500014 ER PT J AU NACHMAN, RJ HOLMAN, GM AF NACHMAN, RJ HOLMAN, GM TI MYOTROPIC INSECT NEUROPEPTIDE FAMILIES FROM THE COCKROACH LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE - STRUCTURE - ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID CHOLECYSTOKININ; GASTRIN; LEUKOSULFAKININS; LEUCOSULFAKININ; IDENTIFICATION; ENKEPHALINS; FMRFAMIDE; HOMOLOGY; PROTEINS; PEPTIDES AB Structure-activity relationship studies for three myotropic families of insect neuropeptides first isolated from Leucophaea maderae are discussed. Active core regions, representing the minimum number of residues required to elicit myotropic activity, are identified along with key structural attributes within the core regions. A select few of the fragments and/or analogs have proved more active than their partent peptides. The synthesis of active, conformationally-restricted analogs for two of the families has provided evidence for the presence of turn conformations within their proline-containing active core regions. RP NACHMAN, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB, COLLEGE STN, TX 77840 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 453 BP 194 EP 214 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EZ325 UT WOS:A1991EZ32500018 ER PT J AU JAFFE, H RAINA, AK WAGNER, RM FALES, HM KEMPE, TG KEIM, P BLACHER, RW RILEY, CT AF JAFFE, H RAINA, AK WAGNER, RM FALES, HM KEMPE, TG KEIM, P BLACHER, RW RILEY, CT TI PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE HORMONE OF HELIOTHIS-ZEA - ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES; CORPORA CARDIACA; BOMBYX-MORI; PURIFICATION; SEQUENCE; PEPTIDES; SILKWORM; DIPTERA AB A pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide hormone (Hez-PBAN) controlling sex pheromone production in moths was isolated from the brain-subesophageal ganglion complexes of the adult corn earworm, Heliothis zea. Hez-PBAN, a 33-residue C-terminally amidated peptide with a molecular weight of 3900, was purified by several high performance liquid and size-exclusion chromatographic steps. Its primary structure was determined by a combination of (1) amino acid analysis, (2) automated Edman degradation, (3) Californium-252 time-of- flight plasma desorption mass spectrometry, and (4) C-terminal sequencing with carboxypeptidase P. Natural Hez-PBAN was found to have undergone oxidation of both its methionines to the corresponding sulfoxides during isolation and purification. Synthetic Hez-PBAN, when oxidized, was shown to exhibit identical chromatographic and spectroscopic properties as the natural material. Synthetic Hez-PBAN at a dose of 2-4 picomoles induced production of a normal quantity of sex pheromone in ligated H. zea females. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NIH, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. APPL BIOSYST INC, FOSTER CITY, CA 94404 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH MED, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 453 BP 215 EP 225 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EZ325 UT WOS:A1991EZ32500019 ER PT J AU STANKER, LH WATKINS, B VANDERLAAN, M ELLIS, R RAJAN, J AF STANKER, LH WATKINS, B VANDERLAAN, M ELLIS, R RAJAN, J TI ANALYSIS OF HEPTACHLOR AND RELATED CYCLODIENE INSECTICIDES IN FOOD-PRODUCTS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOASSAY; ANTIBODIES AB A rapid, competition immunoassay has been developed that detects chlorinated cyclodiene insecticides in meat, fish and milk products. The assay, a competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, employs a monoclonal antibody that recognized all of the cyclodiene insecticides it was tested against. A simple method to extract heptachlor and related cyclodiene insecticides that is compatable with the immunoassay is described. The sensitivity of the immunoassay is sufficent to detect cyclodienes at the tolerance level in beef. We anticipate initial application of this assay as a screening aid. C1 USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP STANKER, LH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV BIOMED SCI,POB 5507,L-452,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 451 BP 108 EP 123 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EU894 UT WOS:A1991EU89400010 ER PT J AU COLE, RJ DORNER, JW DOWELL, FE AF COLE, RJ DORNER, JW DOWELL, FE TI AFLATOXIN IMMUNOASSAYS FOR PEANUT GRADING SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RAW PEANUTS AB Recent studies conducted to determine the accuracy, speed, and expense of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) screening methods for aflatoxin are reviewed in light of proposals that such a method be implemented as part of the official grading system for farmers stock peanuts. The studies have shown several of the ELISA methods to be reliable with regard to screening accuracy. This combined with the speed of the analyses and the relatively low costs could make a practical change in the way incoming loads of farmers stock peanuts are evaluated for aflatoxin contamination. RP COLE, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,1011 FORRESTER DR SE,DAWSON,GA 31742, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 451 BP 158 EP 161 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EU894 UT WOS:A1991EU89400013 ER PT J AU BENNETT, GA AF BENNETT, GA TI IMMUNOASSAY FOR DETECTION OF ZEARALENONE IN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID MYCOTOXINS; GRAINS AB A direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of zearalenone in corn, wheat, and feed has been evaluated by 23 collaborators in an international collaborative study. Both visual and spectrophotometric determinations of zearalenone were done on blind duplicates of spiked and naturally contaminated samples of each commodity. Frequency of false negatives was 25% at the target level of 500 ng zearalenone/g commodity, but was only 3.4% at 800 ng zearalenone. No noticeable matrix effect was observed for the samples tested. Coefficients of variation for repeatability were 11.6% and 11.7% for spiked and naturally contaminated samples, respectively. Coefficients of reproducibility were 25.1% and 33.1% for spiked and naturally contaminated samples, respectively. This study demonstrates the reliability of the immunoassay procedure as a screening method for zearalenone at greater-than-or-equal-to 800 ng/g in corn, wheat, and feed. RP BENNETT, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 451 BP 170 EP 175 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EU894 UT WOS:A1991EU89400015 ER PT J AU HEDIN, PA AF HEDIN, PA TI USE OF NATURAL-PRODUCTS IN PEST-CONTROL - DEVELOPING RESEARCH TRENDS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID INSECT AB The rapid growth of knowledge of natural products with biological activities toward pests now provides an option for treatment, a clearer understanding of biochemical mechanisms, and a basis for biorational approaches to the design of pest control agents. Compounds that modify insect behavior are also valuable for pest control because they are normally not toxic to the target insect or to the environment. Natural products are often a key to understanding ecological systems. When the compounds are identified, progress can be made in understanding the metabolic cycles, the enzymes that lead to their biosynthesis, and the underlying genetic controls. An understanding of the interactions should make it possible to devise minimum changes that yield maximum benefits. Some developing research trends in the utilization of natural products for pest control are reviewed. RP HEDIN, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, CROP SCI RES LAB, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS 39762 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 449 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EW910 UT WOS:A1991EW91000001 ER PT J AU BARTELT, RJ DOWD, PF PLATTNER, RD AF BARTELT, RJ DOWD, PF PLATTNER, RD TI AGGREGATION PHEROMONE OF CARPOPHILUS-LUGUBRIS - NEW PEST-MANAGEMENT TOOLS FOR THE NITIDULID BEETLES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID SEX-PHEROMONE; COLEOPTERA AB The existence of a male-produced aggregation pheromone in the nitidulid beetle, Carpophilus lugubris Murray, was demonstrated using a wind tunnel (flight) bioassay. The pheromone attracts both sexes. It was obtained by trapping volatiles from feeding beetles. The key purification step was HPLC on a silver-nitrate coated silica column. Based on the mass and ultraviolet spectra of the pheromone, the mass spectra of the hydrogenated derivatives, and knowledge of the pheromone of a related nitidulid, four synthetic compounds were prepared as pheromone candidates. One of these, (2E,4E,6E,8E)-7-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-undecatetraene matched the pheromone by all spectral and chromatographic criteria. The synthetic compound was active in the wind tunnel and also in the field. A possible biosynthetic route is discussed. RP BARTELT, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, NO REG RES CTR, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 449 BP 27 EP 40 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EW910 UT WOS:A1991EW91000003 ER PT J AU COUDRON, TA AF COUDRON, TA TI HOST-REGULATING FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID CAMPOLETIS-SONORENSIS POLYDNAVIRUS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LARVAE; CROCEIPES CRESSON BRACONIDAE; INSECT GROWTH-REGULATOR; CELL-FREE IMMUNITY; MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES; JUVENILE-HORMONE; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; MANDUCA-SEXTA; CALYX FLUID AB Parasitic Hymenoptera produce natural regulatory factors that influence the physiology, biochemistry, and behavior of the host. Several paralyzing venoms have been characterized. Recently, interest has been expressed in factors that produce nonparalytic effects. These arise from several sites in the reproductive tract of the adult female parasitoid. Endoparasitoids are known to produce teratocytes, viruses, and secretions from glands and other specialized tissues which have effects on the development and behavior of the host. Nonparalytic venoms of endoparasitoids cause delayed development, precocious molt, supernumerary molt, and arrest of embryonic development. Ectoparasitoids rely on venoms to regulate host development. The most studied nonparalyzing venom is produced by the ectoparasitoid Euplectrus sp. Its venom has a unique effect on the host and is responsible for arresting larval-larval ecdysis. RP COUDRON, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 7629, RES PK, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 USA. NR 158 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 449 BP 41 EP 65 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EW910 UT WOS:A1991EW91000004 ER PT J AU TEAL, PEA TUMLINSON, JH AF TEAL, PEA TUMLINSON, JH TI SEX-PHEROMONE PRODUCTION IN MOTHS - ENDOGENOUS REGULATION OF INITIATION AND INHIBITION SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; JUVENILE-HORMONE; BIOSYNTHESIS; BEHAVIOR; LEPIDOPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; OVIPOSITION; NOCTUIDAE; VIRGIN; ZEA AB Recent studies on a number of moth species have indicated that pheromone production is under endogenous regulation. For many species the diel periodic production period is regulated by a neuropeptide, termed "pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide", which is produced in the brain-subesophageal ganglion complex. This peptide is present in the brain-subesophageal ganglion at all times but is released only during specific periods of the photoperiod. This establishes the diel periodicity of pheromone production. Females of some moth species also inhibit the production of sex pheromone by endogenous means. Inhibition usually follows mating and is either the direct effect of a substance passed from the male to the female during mating or an indirect response to mating, in that the female then produces an inhibitory factor. Virgin females of Heliothis zea also produce a pheromone biosynthesis suppression factor as they senesce. The evolutionary significance of this suppression factor may be to ensure that males do not waste reproductive effort on females that will die prior to laying fertile eggs. RP TEAL, PEA (reprint author), USDA ARS, GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 449 BP 66 EP 77 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EW910 UT WOS:A1991EW91000005 ER PT J AU BIRD, TG RAINA, AK HAYES, DK AF BIRD, TG RAINA, AK HAYES, DK TI PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS AND MATING INHIBITION FACTORS IN INSECTS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID MALE ACCESSORY-GLANDS; DROSOPHILA-FUNEBRIS; PARAGONIAL SUBSTANCES; MATED FEMALE; PS-1; RECEPTIVITY; SECRETION; PEPTIDE; FATE AB The accessory gland of many adult male insects possess biological factors which cause physiological changes in the female when transferred during copulation. We have observed and are isolating two such activities from the accessory ducts of male housefly (Musca domestica) and the accessory glands of corn earworm (Heliothis zea) which affect reproduction in conspecific females. In the housefly virgin females become refractory to mating when a crude homogenate of male accessory duct is injected. Extracts from the accessory glands of the corn earworm injected into females cause rapid, near quantitative reduction in pheromone titer. Isolation of both factors involves solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. RP BIRD, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 449 BP 78 EP 86 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EW910 UT WOS:A1991EW91000006 ER PT J AU KRAMER, KJ MORGAN, TD HOPKINS, TL CHRISTENSEN, A SCHAEFER, J AF KRAMER, KJ MORGAN, TD HOPKINS, TL CHRISTENSEN, A SCHAEFER, J TI INSECT CUTICLE TANNING - ENZYMES AND CROSS-LINK STRUCTURE SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID N-ACETYLDOPAMINE QUINONE; IMINE CONVERSION FACTOR; MANDUCA-SEXTA L; 3,4-DIHYDROXYMANDELIC ACID; OXIDATIVE DECARBOXYLATION; CUTICULAR PHENOLOXIDASE; DOPACHROME CONVERSION; ENZYMATIC CONVERSION; TYROSINASE CATALYZES; MELANIN BIOSYNTHESIS AB Insects periodically secrete and stabilize a cuticular exoskeleton to allow for growth and differentiation during development to the adult stage. Sclerotization or tanning is a vital process in which specific regions of the newly secreted cuticle are stabilized by the formation of cross-links between biopolymers such as protein and chitin. Solid state NMR analysis of pupal cuticle has detected covalent bonding between aromatic or aliphatic carbons of catecholamines and protein nitrogen. Weaker secondary bonding and dehydration may also occur as phenolic content increases. The tanning agents are electrophilic derivatives (o-quinones and p-quinone methides or free radicals) of catecholamines that may be involved in both sclerotization and pigmentation. Phenoloxidases such as laccases and tyrosinases and other types of enzymes such as isomerases catalyze the formation of reactive tanning agents from N-acylcatecholamines. Understanding the chemistry of insect cuticular sclerotization could lead to the development of new insecticides. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI, DEPT ENTOMOL, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. WASHINGTON UNIV, DEPT CHEM, ST LOUIS, MO 63130 USA. RP USDA ARS, N CENT REG, US GRAIN MKT RES LAB, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 USA. NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 449 BP 87 EP 105 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EW910 UT WOS:A1991EW91000007 ER PT J AU MCDONOUGH, LM AF MCDONOUGH, LM TI CONTROLLED RELEASE OF INSECT SEX-PHEROMONES FROM A NATURAL-RUBBER SUBSTRATE SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID TRICHOPLUSIA-NI HUBNER; EVAPORATION RATES; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; VAPOR-PRESSURES; EMISSION RATES; FIELD-TESTS; HALF-LIVES; SEPTA; FORMULATIONS; COMPONENTS AB A mechanistic model encompassing the factors controlling evaporation rates of pheromones from rubber septa was developed. The model correctly predicted the effect of dose, time, chemical structure, temperature and air speed on evaporation rates. Evaporation rates were first order, and the logarithms of the half-lives were directly proportional to the number of carbon atoms in a homologous series and for a specific compound to the reciprocal of absolute temperature. Also, evaporation rates were directly proportional to air speed. Half-lives depended on thermodynamic relationships and there was an approximate additivity of thermodynamic parameters, making it possible to estimate half-lives and therefore evaporation rates of a large number of compounds at any temperature from a few parameters. There are limitations on uses of natural rubber as a controlled release substrate for conjugated dienes, aldehydes, and certain crystalline compounds. Natural rubber septa are useful for monitoring insect flight activity, for insect behavioral studies, and have potential in control programs based on mating disruption. RP MCDONOUGH, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3706 W NOB HILL BLVD, YAKIMA, WA 98902 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 449 BP 106 EP 124 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EW910 UT WOS:A1991EW91000008 ER PT J AU ELLIGER, CA WAISS, AC AF ELLIGER, CA WAISS, AC TI INSECT RESISTANCE FACTORS IN PETUNIA - STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID ERGOSTANE-TYPE STEROIDS; PETUNIASTERONES; BIOASSAY; HYBRIDA; PLANTS AB Petunia species contain an array of more than three dozen steroidal materials, formally related to ergostane, that are involved in the resistance of the plant toward attack by certain lepidopteran larvae. Among these compounds are A-ring dienones and l-acetoxy-4-en-3-ones. Epoxy functionalities may be found on the side chain in certain cases and on the A- and D-rings. Hydroxy and acetoxy substituents may be located at various positions on the steroid nucleus and the side chain. In a large number of examples, the side chain possesses a bicyclic orthoester moiety which, in certain cases, may also have a thiolester functionality attached. Alteration of ring A from the usual steroid pattern has given rise to a set of compounds which have a spirolactone at position-5. The biological activity of these substances is dependent upon various structural features, most notably the orthoester, which is essential for toxicity of the compounds toward insects. RP ELLIGER, CA (reprint author), USDA, WESTERN REG RES CTR, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 449 BP 210 EP 223 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EW910 UT WOS:A1991EW91000014 ER PT J AU GUELDNER, RC SNOOK, ME WISEMAN, BR WIDSTROM, NW HIMMELSBACH, DS COSTELLO, CE AF GUELDNER, RC SNOOK, ME WISEMAN, BR WIDSTROM, NW HIMMELSBACH, DS COSTELLO, CE TI MAYSIN IN CORN, TEOSINTE, AND CENTIPEDE GRASS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; GROWTH-INHIBITORS; RESISTANCE; NOCTUIDAE; FRUITWORM; TOXICITY AB Maysin, a flavonoid C-glycoside originally found in the silks of the Mexican corn, Zapalote Chico, is also found in the leaves of corn, teosinte and centipedegrass, which are resistant to the corn earworm and the fall armyworm, the major insect pests of corn in the southeastern United States. The two insect pests feed in the whorl which has a lower maysin content than earlier leaves. The maysin content of corn leaves is highest in the tips of the leaves connected just below the ear-bearing nodes. In some varieties of corn luteolin C-glycosides related to maysin are shown to be present by HPLC-UV analysis in silks and/or leaves. These varieties are potential sources for the variant luteolin C-glycosides that are likely resistant factors for the corn earworm and the fall armyworm. C1 USDA ARS, PLANT STRUCT & COMPOSIT RES UNIT, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. USDA ARS, PLANT RESISTANCE GERMPLASM ENHANCEMENT RES UNIT, TIFTON, GA 31793 USA. MIT, DEPT CHEM, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. RP GUELDNER, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, TOBACCO QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 449 BP 251 EP 263 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EW910 UT WOS:A1991EW91000016 ER PT J AU SEVERSON, RF JACKSON, DM JOHNSON, AW SISSON, VA STEPHENSON, MG AF SEVERSON, RF JACKSON, DM JOHNSON, AW SISSON, VA STEPHENSON, MG TI OVIPOSITIONAL BEHAVIOR OF TOBACCO BUDWORM AND TOBACCO HORNWORM - EFFECTS OF CUTICULAR COMPONENTS FROM NICOTIANA SPECIES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; LEAVES; LEAF AB The USDA-Nicotiana species germplasm collection was evaluated for tobacco budworm [Heliothis virescens (F.)] and tobacco hornworm [Manduca sexta (L.)] field infestation levels and for ovipositional responses of moths within screened field cages. Species which did not produce observable trichome exudates did not receive as many budworm or hornworm eggs as a flue-cured tobacco in paired choice or no-choice experiments. Qualitative and quantitative data on the cuticular chemistries were obtained. The cuticular extracts of all the Nicotiana species contained a series of aliphatic hydrocarbons. Major components in the trichome exudates were found to be diterpenes (duvane and/or labdane types) and/or sugar esters (sucrose and/or glucose). Eight different general types of sucrose esters and two types of glucose esters were identified. All sugar ester types contained a complex mixture of C3-C8 fatty acids attached to the 2,3, and 4 positions of the glucose moiety. Cuticular components were isolated and tested for tobacco budworm ovipositional response. Several cuticular diterpenes (alpha- and beta-4,8,13-duvatriene-1,3-diols, alpha- and beta-4,8,13-duvatrien-1-ols, manool and labda-13-ene-8-alpha-15-diol) and two sucrose ester types (6-0-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-0-acyl-sucrose and 2,3,4-tri-0-acyl-4'-0-acetyl-sucrose) were found to increase oviposition by tobacco budworm moths when these materials were sprayed onto a leaf devoid of them. We believe that these components are contact ovipositional stimulants. C1 USDA, CROPS RES LAB, OXFORD, NC 27565 USA. CLEMSON UNIV, USDA, PEE DEE RES & EDUC CTR, FLORENCE, SC 29501 USA. USDA, NEMATODES WEEDS & CROPS RES, TIFTON, GA 31793 USA. RP SEVERSON, RF (reprint author), USDA, RB RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 449 BP 264 EP 277 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EW910 UT WOS:A1991EW91000017 ER PT J AU WITHAM, FH GUSTINE, DL AF WITHAM, FH GUSTINE, DL TI BINDING A PHYTOALEXIN ELICITOR TO DNA - A MODEL APPROACH SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; STEREOCHEMICAL RECOGNITION; ACCUMULATION AB Computer models of an active elicitor of phytoalexin production, hexa (beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-glucitol, and six inactive oligosaccharide analogs were superimposed separately on a model of base paired nucleotides constructed according to parameters consistent with the classical Watson-Crick B-DNA. The elicitor-DNA complex showed the alignment of rotated residues of the elicitor parallel to the base pairs with specific hydroxyl groups in position for hydrogen bonding at opposite phosphate oxygens on complementary DNA strands. Elevation of the active oligosaccharide above base pairs, due to the B-1,6- and B-1,3-linkages, and partial intercalation of the gluitol residue was especially evident with space-filling models. A comparison of the "fit" of the model elicitor to nucleotides with the "nonfits" of the inactive oligosaccharides may have relevance to and understanding of elicitor-induced phytoalexin production in vivo and to the design of new and nonobvious molecules which exhibit elicitor activity. C1 USDA ARS, US REG PASTURE RES LAB, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. RP WITHAM, FH (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV, DEPT HORT, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 449 BP 324 EP 335 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EW910 UT WOS:A1991EW91000022 ER PT J AU DORNER, JW COLE, RJ YAGEN, B CHRISTIANSEN, B AF DORNER, JW COLE, RJ YAGEN, B CHRISTIANSEN, B TI BIOREGULATION OF PREHARVEST AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION OF PEANUTS - ROLE OF STILBENE PHYTOALEXINS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID DROUGHT-STRESSED PEANUTS; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; TEMPERATURE; IRRIGATION; INVASION; KERNELS AB A rich and varied assortment of phytoalexins is produced by legumes. Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) have been shown to produce various stilbene phytoalexins in response to fungal infection. Recent studies have been conducted to elucidate the role of these stilbenes in the bioregulation of preharvest aflatoxin contamination of peanuts by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Stilbene phytoalexins appear to provide soil borne peanut seed with a degree of resistance to aflatoxin contamination by inhibiting fungal growth. Under conditions of prolonged, late-season drought stress that lead to aflatoxin contamination, phytoalexin biosynthesis breaks down, presumably due to dehydration of the peanut seed. However, seed moisture under such conditions remains adequate to support A. flavus growth and aflatoxin production. The chemistry and biological activity of stilbene phytoalexins as related to preharvest aflatoxin contamination of peanuts is described. C1 INST BIOTEKNOL, DEPT BIOTECHNOL, LYNGBY, DENMARK. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM, SCH PHARM, JERUSALEM, ISRAEL. RP DORNER, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL PEANUT RES LAB, 1011 FORRESTER DR SE, DAWSON, GA 31742 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 449 BP 334 EP 360 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EW910 UT WOS:A1991EW91000024 ER PT J AU STIPANOVIC, RD MACE, ME ELISSALDE, MH BELL, AA AF STIPANOVIC, RD MACE, ME ELISSALDE, MH BELL, AA TI DESOXYHEMIGOSSYPOL, A COTTON PHYTOALEXIN - STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID TERPENOID ALDEHYDE PHYTOALEXINS; VERTICILLIUM WILT RESISTANCE; DAHLIAE-INFECTED COTTON; MOSAIC-VIRUS; ELICITATION; INVOLVEMENT; SUPEROXIDE; PHASEOLLIN; GOSSYPIUM; LEAVES AB Desozyhemigossypol (dGH), a phytoalexin produced by cotton in response to infection, has been shown to be: highly toxic to the pathogen, Verticillium dahliae; soluble in water at the pH of infected xylem vassel at concentrations higher than those required to kill conidia and mycelia; and present in vivo at the site of infection and in contact with the mycelia. However, the structure-activity relationship of this compound is unknown. Recent evidence suggestes dHG readily forms a free radical by autoxidation, which can be initiated by trace quantities of transition metals such as iron. Reducing agents that stabilize dHG have been shown to reduce significantly its toxicity to V. dahliae. Thus, the dHG free radical is implicated as an essential element in the mechanism of cytotoxicity. Phytoalexins, such as the pterocarpans, are postulated to operate by a similar mechanism. C1 USDA ARS, VET & TOXICOL RES LAB, COLLEGE STN, TX 77840 USA. RP STIPANOVIC, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO CROPS RES LAB, ROUTE 5, BOX 805, COLLEGE STN, TX 77840 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 449 BP 336 EP 351 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EW910 UT WOS:A1991EW91000023 ER PT J AU DUKE, SO BECERRIL, JM SHERMAN, TD MATSUMOTO, H AF DUKE, SO BECERRIL, JM SHERMAN, TD MATSUMOTO, H TI PHOTOSENSITIZING PORPHYRINS AS HERBICIDES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES; CUCUMIS-SATIVUS L; NONCHLOROPHYLLOUS SOYBEAN CELLS; CYCLIC IMIDE HERBICIDES; ACIFLUORFEN-METHYL; PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE; CHLOROPHYLL BIOSYNTHESIS; PHOTODYNAMIC HERBICIDES; HIGHER-PLANTS; PEROXIDIZING HERBICIDES AB Several porphyrin intermediates of heme and/or chlorophyll biosynthesis are potent photosensitizers which generate high levels of singlet oxygen in the presence of molecular oxygen and light. Many compounds that affect the heme and/or chlorophyll pathways are strongly herbicidal due to accumulation of phytotoxic levels of these porphyrins in response to the chemical. For instance, several commercial and experimental herbicides inhibit protoporphyrinogen oxidase, the enzyme that converts protoporphyrinogen to protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). This leads to uncontrolled autooxidation of the substrate and results in massive accumlation of PPIX. In plants treated with these herbicides, damage is light dependent and closely correlated with the level of PPIX that accumulates. PPIX accumulation is apparently largely extraplastidic. Treatment with the porphyrin precursor delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), in combination with the heme and chlorophyll pathway inhibitor 2,2' -dypyridyl (DP), results in the accumulation of toxic levels of primarily Mg-PPIX monomethylester. DP deregulates porphyrin synthesis and ALA provides additional substrate. DP and other chlorophyll synthesis modulators in combination with ALA can increase the selectivity as well as enhance the efficacy of ALA as a herbicide. Exogenously applied prophyrins are far less effective as herbicides than treatment with compounds that cause plants to accumulate their own porphyrins. RP DUKE, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO WEED SCI LAB, POB 350, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. RI BECERRIL, JOSE/H-1560-2015 OI BECERRIL, JOSE/0000-0001-6216-3508 NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 449 BP 371 EP 386 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EW910 UT WOS:A1991EW91000026 ER PT J AU SNOOK, ME CHORTYK, OT CSINOS, AS AF SNOOK, ME CHORTYK, OT CSINOS, AS TI BLACK SHANK DISEASE FUNGUS - INHIBITION OF GROWTH BY TOBACCO ROOT CONSTITUENTS AND RELATED-COMPOUNDS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review AB Tobacco root phenolics were investigated for their possible role in resistance of tobacco to Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae (black shank). Chlorogenic acid (CA), scopolin, and scopoletin were found to be significantly increased in apparently healthy root tissue, adjacent to infected tissue. In contrast, CA and scopolin concentrations remained relatively constant throughout the length of control roots, while scopoletin increased slightly from the proximal to the distal end. Roots of resistant and susceptible varieties showed similar trends in concentrations of phenolics. Chlorogenic acid, scopolin, scopoletin, and structurally related compounds were evaluated for inhibition of growth of black shank fungus in a laboratory biossay. At a 4000 ppm dosage level, CA produced 25% inhibition of fungal growth, while scopoletin gave 39% inhibition at 1000 ppm dosage. The activity of CA was shown to reside in the caffeic acid portion of the molecule. Free phenolic acids were also investigated and were found to be very active against black shank growth, with mono-hydroxycinnamic acids being more active than the 3,4-di-hydroxy acid and the o-hydroxy acid being the most active. Dihydro-cinnamic acids were slightly more active than the corresponding cinnamic acids. While scopoletin and esculetin were active in the laboratory biossay, their glucose-derivatives were found to be completely inactive. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT INORGAN & ANALYT CHEM, TIFTON, GA 31793 USA. RP SNOOK, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 449 BP 388 EP 398 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EW910 UT WOS:A1991EW91000027 ER PT J AU MILES, DH MEIDEROS, J CHEN, L CHITTAWONG, V SWITHENBANK, C LIDERT, Z PAYNE, AM HEDIN, PA AF MILES, DH MEIDEROS, J CHEN, L CHITTAWONG, V SWITHENBANK, C LIDERT, Z PAYNE, AM HEDIN, PA TI A SEARCH FOR AGROCHEMICALS FROM PERUVIAN PLANTS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review AB The objective of this study was the isolation and identification of the antifeedant, antifungal, and antibacterial active constituents from Peruvian plants. 5,7-Dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-4'-methoxyflavanone (matteucinol) was isolated from the root of Miconia cannabina. This is first report of the spectral data of matteucinol. Matteucinol showed significant antifungal activity (Pythium ultimum 135%). Also reported is the isolation of sitosterol and medicarpin from the toluene extract of the wood of Dalbergia monetaria. Medicarpin possessed high antifungal (Rhizoctonia solani, 145% and Helminthosporium teres, 100%) and antibacterial activity (Xanthomonas campestris, 100%) along with high antifeedant activity against the cotton boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis, 98%). C1 ROHM & HAAS CO, SPRING HOUSE, PA 19477 USA. USDA, CROP SCI LAB, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS 39762 USA. RP MILES, DH (reprint author), UNIV CENT FLORIDA, DEPT CHEM, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 449 BP 399 EP 406 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EW910 UT WOS:A1991EW91000028 ER PT J AU PETROSKI, RJ POWELL, RG AF PETROSKI, RJ POWELL, RG TI PREPARATIVE SEPARATION OF COMPLEX ALKALOID MIXTURE BY HIGH-SPEED COUNTERCURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID INFECTED TALL FESCUE; ENDOPHYTE; RESISTANCE AB Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), infected with the fungal endophyte Acremonium coenophialum, contains both ergot-type and saturated-pyrrolizidine (loline) alkaloids. These alkaloids are believed to be at least partially responsible for the insect pest resistance of tall fescue and for periodic or seasonal toxicity of endophyte-infected tall fescue to grazing cattle. Attempts to separate the relatively minor amounts of ergot-type alkaloids (1-10 ppm) from the much more abundant saturated-pyrrolixidine alkaloids (1000-6000 ppm) using ordinary chromatography systems, have been generally unsatisfactory. High-speed countercurrent chromatography was examined as an alternative separation method. A crude fescue alkaloid mixture (1 g) was separated, in less than 8 hours, using a two-phase solvent system composed of chloroform-methanol-water (5:4:3, v/v/v). Alkaloids such as N-methylloline, N-acetylloline, and N-formylloline were well separated from each other and recovery of these alkaloids was quantitative. Relatively pure ergonovine was isolated from the mixture in one pass. Other minor alkaloids, including lysergic acid amide, were either separated from each other or were highly enriched in certain fractions. RP PETROSKI, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, NO REG RES CTR, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 449 BP 426 EP 434 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EW910 UT WOS:A1991EW91000031 ER PT J AU DLUHY, RA CORNELL, DG AF DLUHY, RA CORNELL, DG TI MONOLAYER STRUCTURE AT GAS-LIQUID AND GAS SOLID INTERFACES - INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY AS A PROBE SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; NORMAL-ALKYL CHAINS; H STRETCHING MODES; TRANSITIONS; SURFACE; LONG AB Within recent years, external reflection-absorbance infrared spectroscopy has been adapted to the study of conformation-sensitive vibrational modes in amphiphilic monolayers at nonmetallic surfaces. Included in this group is the class of monomolecular films that form ordered two-dimensional arrays at the air-water (A/W) interface. It has proven possible to investigate the surface-induced first order thermodynamic phase transition of phospholipid monolayer films at the A/W interface using this technique. Results of this work have focused on describing the nature of the phase transition, the design of an automated Langmuir-type film balance and its interfacing to the spectrometer, and the construction of a model to describe the orientation of the vibrational dipole moments based on the polarized reflectance spectra. In addition, the ability to probe the A/W interface allows us to directly compare the IR spectra of in-situ monolayers with the spectra of monolayer films transferred to attenuated total reflectance (ATR) crystals using classical Langmuir-Blodgett technique, in order to determine whether the physical process of transfer disrupts the structure of the monolayer film. C1 USDA ARS, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. RP UNIV GEORGIA, SCH CHEM SCI, DEPT CHEM, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 447 BP 192 EP 207 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EX256 UT WOS:A1991EX25600011 ER PT J AU MALLOY, EA GARNER, WY YOUNG, FE HESS, CE KIMM, V BONTEMPO, L AF MALLOY, EA GARNER, WY YOUNG, FE HESS, CE KIMM, V BONTEMPO, L TI A HARVEST OF QUESTIONS - CHEMICALS AND THE FOOD-CHAIN SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review C1 QUAL ASSOCIATES INC, ELLICOTT CITY, MD 21043 USA. CIBA GEIGY CORP, DIV AGR, GREENSBORO, NC 27419 USA. US EPA, WASHINGTON, DC 20460 USA. US DEPT HHS, WASHINGTON, DC 20201 USA. USDA, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 USA. RP MALLOY, EA (reprint author), UNIV NOTRE DAME, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 446 BP 3 EP 21 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EU892 UT WOS:A1991EU89200001 ER PT J AU ELLIS, KJ AF ELLIS, KJ TI PLANNING INVIVO BODY-COMPOSITION STUDIES IN HUMANS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; NITROGEN; POTASSIUM; CADMIUM; PROMPT; PROTEIN; CF-252; MASS AB As multi-elemental analyses of body fluids and tissues become increasingly more sensitive, their interpretation may require additional knowledge about the relationship of the fluids and tissues to the composition of either the total body or specific organs. Until recently, only biopsy or autopsy data could be used to estimate total body composition in humans. Nuclear-based techniques, however, have been developed in a few centers for direct in vivo measurements of total body calcium, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen in man. Analyses of selected trace elements, cadmium, lead, and aluminum have also been developed for specific clinical or toxicological studies. Interest in the availability of these measurements, which often require specialized facilities, is increasing throughout the world. Activation and counting techniques routinely implemented for in vivo analyses in humans will be emphasized in this report. Techniques will be described that have levels of accuracy and precision of at least +/- 3 to 5%. Institutional requirements and preferred nuclear techniques will be presented to assist those who are considering in vivo body composition studies in humans. Also included is information on the planning of these studies. RP ELLIS, KJ (reprint author), BAYLOR UNIV,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 445 BP 25 EP 39 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EV292 UT WOS:A1991EV29200003 ER PT J AU WOLF, WR AF WOLF, WR TI EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF NUTRIENT COMPOSITION DATA FOR TRACE-ELEMENTS IN FOODS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID SELENIUM AB Uses for trace element nutrient composition data in foods for dietetic, nutrition, and epidemiological purposes are greatly increasing. There is a large amount of presently available composition data and there is a strong demand for generating new data. Ability to assess the quality of reports and information stemming from these uses of the available composition data rests directly upon a good knowledge of their reliability. An accurate assessment of this reliability is needed. Due to the complexity and scope of the presently available data, this assessment requires a multifaceted evaluation process utilizing computerized technology. For the first step of this assessment, multidisciplinary criteria have been formulated, and an expert software system developed for evaluating the available published data on selenium content in foods. In order to assess reliability of calculations using different nutrient composition databases, a comparison of six USDA databases has been carried out. This comparison looked at data and calculations from these databases using a common list of foods representative of U.S. dietary intake. RP WOLF, WR (reprint author), USDA,NUTR COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 445 BP 107 EP 112 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA EV292 UT WOS:A1991EV29200008 ER PT J AU BROWN, HM KEARNEY, PC AF BROWN, HM KEARNEY, PC TI PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES, AND GLOBAL IMPACT OF THE SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; STREPTOMYCES-GRISEOLUS; CHLORSULFURON; METABOLISM; INHIBITION; CEREALS; SITE; SOIL AB The sulfonylurea herbicides are highly active, with use rates ranging from 2-75 g a.i./ha. They act by inhibition of acetolactate synthase (E. C. 4.1.3.18), and selectivity, based on rapid metabolic inactivation, has been discovered in wheat, barley, corn, soybeans, rice, oil rapeseed, and other crops. These herbicides are non-toxic to animals, do not accumulate in non-target organisms, are non-volatile, and degrade in soil by chemical and biological processes with half-lives of 1-8 weeks. To date, 15 sulfonylurea herbicides for use in diverse crops have been (or soon will be) commercialized, and their favorable agronomic and environmental properties have led to rapid acceptance in the marketplace. This chapter reviews the mode of action, crop selectivity mechanisms, and soil and environmental properties of these compounds, and outlines some aspects of their impact on global agriculture. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BROWN, HM (reprint author), DUPONT CO,STINE HASKELL RES CTR,DEPT AGR PROD,NEWARK,DE 19714, USA. NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 443 BP 32 EP 49 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ET853 UT WOS:A1991ET85300003 ER PT J AU OLIVER, JE LUSBY, WR WATERS, RM AF OLIVER, JE LUSBY, WR WATERS, RM TI SYNTHETIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF ACYLCYCLOHEXANEDIONES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID EPHESTIA-KUEHNIELLA; MANDIBULAR GLANDS; SETAL EXUDATE; COMPONENTS AB 2-Acylcyclohexane-1,3-diones, which in fact exist as the enolic 2-acyl-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-ones, are easily prepared from readily available materials and serve as starting materials for a variety of derivatives. In this paper we review the synthesis of isomeric and hydroxylated systems, and also describe other selected transformations that may be generally useful. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP OLIVER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 443 BP 247 EP 254 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ET853 UT WOS:A1991ET85300020 ER PT J AU YOKOYAMA, H KEITHLY, JH AF YOKOYAMA, H KEITHLY, JH TI CHEMICAL-AGENTS AS REGULATORS OF BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES IN PLANTS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID GENE-EXPRESSION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; BIOREGULATION; 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHYL-3,4-DICHLOROPHENYLETHER; BIOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH AB A number of chemical agents regulate tetraterpenoid synthesis in a wide array of carotenogenic plants and microorganisms. Structure-activity correlation studies indicated that a nitrogen atom nucleus is essential for a stimulatory influence on isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways. On the basis of these findings, studies were extended to investigation of compounds which affect cis-polyisoprene biosynthesis in the guayule plant (Parthenium argentatum Gray). And out of this study on regulation of rubber synthesis, a number of chemical agents were discovered to have general effects on plant and microbial systems. Genes determine the enzymic potential of the plant, and it is within this framework that a bioregulatory agent appears to exert its influence. Thus, responses observed in the tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum) would differ from those seen in the soybean plant (Glycine max). RP YOKOYAMA, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB, PASADENA, CA 91106 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1991 VL 443 BP 255 EP 268 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ET853 UT WOS:A1991ET85300021 ER PT J AU SONNET, PE AF SONNET, PE TI GLYCEROL ETHERS - SYNTHESIS, CONFIGURATION ANALYSIS, AND A BRIEF REVIEW OF THEIR LIPASE-CATALYZED REACTIONS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID ASYMMETRIC HYDROLYSIS; TRANS-ESTERIFICATION; PHEROMONE SYNTHESIS; RESOLUTION; ALCOHOLS; ESTERS; SPECIFICITY; DERIVATIVES; ACIDS AB Prompted by growing agricultural and industrial interest in the chemistry of lipaases for a great variety of reactions, and the usefulness of glycerol derivatives in characterizing lipase activity, we devised syntheses of 1,2- and 1,3-diakylglycerol diethers and their esters. Configurational analyses of the diethers has been accomplished by derivatizing them to form diastereomers that are separable by gas chromatography. The alternative methods employed for determining the configuration of triglycerides and related glycerol derivatives are reviewed briefly with reference to the stereoselectivity of their lipase catalyzed reactions. RP SONNET, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19118, USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 443 BP 269 EP 277 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ET853 UT WOS:A1991ET85300022 ER PT J AU PEPPERMAN, AB CUTLER, HG AF PEPPERMAN, AB CUTLER, HG TI PLANT-GROWTH-INHIBITING PROPERTIES OF SOME 5-ALKOXY-3-METHYL-2(5H)-FURANONES RELATED TO STRIGOL SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID GERMINATION STIMULANTS; ANALOGS; REGULATORS; ACID AB A series of 5-alkoxy-3-methyl-2(5H)-furanones (butenolides), prepared as analogs of the weed seed germination regulator, strigol, were also screened for plant growth regulating activity. Several of the furanones were found to inhibit the growth of etiolated wheat coleoptiles at millimolar (mM) concentrations. Structure-activity for this relatively unexplored aspect of butenolide bioactivity is discussed. Strigol itself is not active, whereas epistrigol, which differs only in the stereochemistry at one position of this complex molecule, is very active at 1mM and has some activity at 0.1mM. A condensation dimer of 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-2(5H)-furanone and a 2-ring analog of strigol were also active as growth inhibitors. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD G RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP PEPPERMAN, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 443 BP 278 EP 287 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ET853 UT WOS:A1991ET85300023 ER PT J AU LUSBY, WR OLIVER, JE NEAL, JW AF LUSBY, WR OLIVER, JE NEAL, JW TI ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION, AND SYNTHESIS OF 2-ACYL-3,6-DIHYDROXYCYCLOHEX-2-ENE-1-ONES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID LACE BUG; HEMIPTERA; TINGIDAE; COMPONENTS AB A family of seemingly defenseless insects, commonly known as lace bugs, posses conical shaped exoskeletal processes in the nymph stage which are covered with secreted microdroplets of clear viscous fluid. We here describe: (A) the isolation and identification of 3,6-dihydroxy-2-[1-oxo-10(E)-tetradecenyl]-cyclohex-2-en-1-one from the fluid secreted by Corythucha ciliata, the sycamore lace bug, and (B) the synthesis of a variety of members of this novel class of compounds. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LUSBY, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 443 BP 413 EP 421 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ET853 UT WOS:A1991ET85300032 ER PT J AU DOOLITTLE, RE TUMLINSON, JH BRABHAM, A BRENNAN, MM MITCHELL, ER AF DOOLITTLE, RE TUMLINSON, JH BRABHAM, A BRENNAN, MM MITCHELL, ER TI SEX-PHEROMONE BLEND OF THE TOBACCO HORNWORM - IDENTIFICATION AND STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID PALLADIUM-CATALYZED VINYLATION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DOUBLE-BOND POSITION; MOTH MANDUCA-SEXTA; GEOMETRICAL-ISOMERS; CONJUGATED DIENES; HALIDES; ACETATE; INSECT AB Analyses of solvent rinses of the pheromone glands from calling female tobacco hornworm moths, Manduca sexta (L.) revealed the presence of the following compounds: 9Z-16:AL, 11Z-16:AL, 11E-16:AL, 16:AL, 10E,12Z-16:AL, 10E,12E-16:AL, 10E,12E,14Z-16:AL, 10E,12E,14E-16:AL, 11Z-18:AL, 13Z-18:AL 18:AL and 11Z,13Z-18:AL. The two trienals (which are new compounds) were identified by mass and PMR spectral analyses and by ozonolysis. Three isomeric conjugated triene aldehydes, 10E,12E,14Z-16:AL, 10E,12Z,14E-16:AL and 10E,12E,14E-16:AL, two of which are components of the sex pheromone, were stereoselectively synthesized. In a wind tunnel, male tobacco hornworm moths exhibited the same behaviors in response to a blend of all the synthesized components, the gland rinse, or a calling female. Both 10E,12Z-16:AL and 10E,12E,14Z-16:AL are required to stimulate males to complete the characteristic reproductive behaviors. RP DOOLITTLE, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BAS BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1991 VL 443 BP 491 EP 503 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ET853 UT WOS:A1991ET85300039 ER PT J AU BJERKAS, I DUBEY, JP AF BJERKAS, I DUBEY, JP TI EVIDENCE THAT NEOSPORA-CANINUM IS IDENTICAL TO THE TOXOPLASMA-LIKE PARASITE OF NORWEGIAN DOGS SO ACTA VETERINARIA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Note ID CYST-FORMING SPOROZOON; INFECTION; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; MYOSITIS; TISSUE C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BJERKAS, I (reprint author), NORWEGIAN COLL VET MED,DEPT ANAT,POB 8146,N-0033 OSLO 1,NORWAY. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU DANSKE DYRLAEGEFORENING PI VANLOSE PA ROSENLUNDS ALLE 8, DK-2720 VANLOSE, DENMARK SN 0044-605X J9 ACTA VET SCAND JI Acta Vet. Scand. PY 1991 VL 32 IS 3 BP 407 EP 410 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HL556 UT WOS:A1991HL55600016 PM 1814191 ER PT J AU CHERNEY, JH CHERNEY, DJR AKIN, DE AXTELL, JD AF CHERNEY, JH CHERNEY, DJR AKIN, DE AXTELL, JD TI POTENTIAL OF BROWN-MIDRIB, LOW-LIGNIN MUTANTS FOR IMPROVING FORAGE QUALITY SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY LA English DT Review ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; SORGHUM X SUDANGRASS; PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; DRY-MATTER DISAPPEARANCE; IN-VIVO EVALUATION; ZEA-MAYS-L; SOLUBLE PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; CORN-SILAGE; CARBOHYDRATE COMPLEXES C1 CORNELL UNIV, DEPT ANIM SCI, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. PURDUE UNIV, DEPT AGRON, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. RP CORNELL UNIV, DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. NR 118 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 1991 VL 46 BP 157 EP 198 PG 42 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GV005 UT WOS:A1991GV00500004 ER PT J AU RASMUSSEN, PE COLLINS, HP AF RASMUSSEN, PE COLLINS, HP TI LONG-TERM IMPACTS OF TILLAGE, FERTILIZER, AND CROP RESIDUE ON SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER IN TEMPERATE SEMIARID REGIONS SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY LA English DT Review ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; GRASSLAND SOILS; FIELD CONDITIONS; WHEAT STRAW; SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; CULTIVATED SOIL; CARBON BALANCE; PLANT MATERIAL; UNITED-STATES RP RASMUSSEN, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 130 TC 238 Z9 252 U1 6 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0065-2113 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 1991 VL 45 BP 93 EP 134 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60039-5 PG 42 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA GM720 UT WOS:A1991GM72000003 ER PT B AU LEONG, SA FROELIGER, E BUDDE, A MEI, BG VOISARD, C KRONSTAD, J AF LEONG, SA FROELIGER, E BUDDE, A MEI, BG VOISARD, C KRONSTAD, J BE HENNECKE, H VERMA, DPS TI MOLECULAR DETERMINANTS OF PATHOGENESIS IN USTILAGO-MAYDIS SO ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR GENETICS OF PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS, VOL 1 SE CURRENT PLANT SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE MOLECULAR GENETICS OF PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS CY SEP 09-14, 1990 CL INTERLAKEN, SWITZERLAND SP SWISS FED INST TECHNOL, CIBA GEIGY, HOFFMANN LA ROCHE, SANDOZ, SWEIZER AKAD NATURWISSENSCH, SWEIZER NATIONALFONDS, NESTLE, SCHERING, SCHWEIZER GESELL MIKROBIOL, INT SOC PLANT MOLEC BIOL RP LEONG, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA DORDRECHT BN 0-7923-1082-9 J9 CURR PLANT SCI BIOT PY 1991 VL 10 BP 254 EP 263 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA BV46F UT WOS:A1991BV46F00039 ER PT B AU THOMASHOW, LS PIERSON, LS AF THOMASHOW, LS PIERSON, LS BE HENNECKE, H VERMA, DPS TI GENETIC-ASPECTS OF PHENAZINE ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION BY FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS THAT SUPPRESS TAKE-ALL DISEASE OF WHEAT SO ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR GENETICS OF PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS, VOL 1 SE CURRENT PLANT SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE MOLECULAR GENETICS OF PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS CY SEP 09-14, 1990 CL INTERLAKEN, SWITZERLAND SP SWISS FED INST TECHNOL, CIBA GEIGY, HOFFMANN LA ROCHE, SANDOZ, SWEIZER AKAD NATURWISSENSCH, SWEIZER NATIONALFONDS, NESTLE, SCHERING, SCHWEIZER GESELL MIKROBIOL, INT SOC PLANT MOLEC BIOL RP THOMASHOW, LS (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,362 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA DORDRECHT BN 0-7923-1082-9 J9 CURR PLANT SCI BIOT PY 1991 VL 10 BP 443 EP 449 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA BV46F UT WOS:A1991BV46F00066 ER PT J AU OZAKI, Y FONG, CH HERMAN, Z MAEDA, H MIYAKE, M IFUKU, Y HASEGAWA, S AF OZAKI, Y FONG, CH HERMAN, Z MAEDA, H MIYAKE, M IFUKU, Y HASEGAWA, S TI LIMONOID GLUCOSIDES IN CITRUS SEEDS SO AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BIOSYNTHESIS; OBACUNONE; MICE AB The amounts of limonoid glucosides were measured in the seeds of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), lemon (C. limon), Valencia orange (C. sinensis), tangerine (C. reticulata), Fukuhara (C. sinensis Osbeck Hort.), Hyuganatsu (C. tamurana Hort. ex Tanaka), Shimamikan (C. kinokuni Hort. ex Tanaka) and Sanbokan (C. sulcata Hort. ex Takahashi). All the seeds contained 17-beta-D-glucopyranosides of limonin, nomilin, obacunone, deacetylnomilin, nomilinic acid and deacetylnomilinic acid. The total limonoid glucoside content ranged from 0.31 to 0.87% of the dry weight. The concentration of nomilin glucoside was highest among the glucosides found in the seeds. All the seeds also contained the major neutral limonoid aglycones commonly found in citrus, namely limonin, nomilin, deacetylnomilin, obacunone and ichangin. As previously reported, limonin was the predominant aglycone. C1 WAKAYAMA AGRIBIO RES INST CANC,WAKAYAMA 64961,JAPAN. RP OZAKI, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 21 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU JAPAN SOC BIOSCI BIOTECHN AGROCHEM PI TOKYO PA JAPAN ACAD SOC CTR BLDG, 2-4-6 YAYOI BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN SN 0002-1369 J9 AGR BIOL CHEM TOKYO PD JAN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 1 BP 137 EP 141 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA EV730 UT WOS:A1991EV73000020 ER PT J AU CUTLER, HG JACYNO, JM PHILLIPS, RS VONTERSCH, RL COLE, PD MONTEMURRO, N AF CUTLER, HG JACYNO, JM PHILLIPS, RS VONTERSCH, RL COLE, PD MONTEMURRO, N TI CYCLONERODIOL FROM A NOVEL SOURCE, TRICHODERMA-KONINGII - PLANT-GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY SO AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID BIOSYNTHESIS C1 METAPONTUM AGROBIOS,I-95010 METAPONTO,ITALY. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP CUTLER, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN SOC BIOSCI BIOTECHN AGROCHEM PI TOKYO PA JAPAN ACAD SOC CTR BLDG, 2-4-6 YAYOI BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN SN 0002-1369 J9 AGR BIOL CHEM TOKYO PD JAN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 1 BP 243 EP 244 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA EV730 UT WOS:A1991EV73000037 ER PT J AU GRANTZ, DA MEINZER, FC AF GRANTZ, DA MEINZER, FC TI REGULATION OF TRANSPIRATION IN FIELD-GROWN SUGARCANE - EVALUATION OF THE STOMATAL RESPONSE TO HUMIDITY WITH THE BOWEN-RATIO TECHNIQUE SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT WATER-STRESS; LEAF CONDUCTANCE; TEMPERATURE; CANOPY; AIR; DIFFERENCE; POROMETRY; DEFICIT; LIGHT; FLUX AB Parallel time courses of net radiation, canopy conductance and evapotranspiration in a sugarcane canopy demonstrate the interaction of environmental and physiological factors in regulating water loss. The Bowen ratio-energy balance technique was used to evaluate the stomatal response to humidity in the absence of potential artifacts associated with porometer and leaf chamber measurements. Canopy conductance (g(c)) responded to leaf-air vapor pressure difference (V), supporting the validity of available physiological data showing clear stomatal responses to V in porometers and leaf chambers. Several factors were found to obscure the stomatal responses to V under field conditions. The stomatal closing stimulus, V, and the opening stimulus, photon flux density (I), were positively correlated. This caused offsetting stomatal responses to V and I, which reduced the net stomatal response when V changed with radiation-driven changes in leaf temperature. Normalization of g(c) by I revealed the expected hyperbolic decline of g(c) with increasing V. Low boundary layer conductance attenuated V imposed at the leaf surface relative to V measured with reference to humidity in the bulk atmosphere. This reduced the stimulus for stomatal response to V, below that indicated by agrometeorological measurements. Use of air saturation deficit (D) rather than V to express evaporative demand overestimates V, minimizing apparent stomatal sensitivity to evaporative demand, when leaves are cooler than the air. These factors may result in small stomatal responses to V that escape detection by indirect measures of stomatal movement, such as those based on the temperature of exposed leaves. RP GRANTZ, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EXPT STN,HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS ASSOC,POB 1057,AIEA,HI 96701, USA. RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 NR 41 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 3 BP 169 EP 183 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(91)90055-U PG 15 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA EX988 UT WOS:A1991EX98800001 ER PT B AU GARDNER, B AF GARDNER, B BE GARBUS, L PRITCHARD, A KNUDSEN, O TI THE GATT AND AGRICULTURE SO AGRICULTURAL ISSUES IN THE 1990S: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH AGRICULTURE SECTOR SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11TH AGRICULTURE SECTOR SYMP ON AGRICULTURAL ISSUES IN THE 1990S CY JAN 09-11, 1991 CL WORLD BANK, WASHINGTON, DC SP WORLD BANK, AGR & RURAL DEV DEPT, WORLD BANK, TRAINING DIV HO WORLD BANK RP GARDNER, B (reprint author), USDA,ECON,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD BANK PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON BN 0-8213-1890-X PY 1991 BP 107 EP 110 PG 4 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BV52D UT WOS:A1991BV52D00009 ER PT J AU SENFT, D AF SENFT, D TI BEEF RESEARCH IN BIG SKY COUNTRY SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP SENFT, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JAN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 4 EP 9 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EU221 UT WOS:A1991EU22100002 ER PT J AU SENFT, D AF SENFT, D TI THE LEGACY OF FORT-KEOGH SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP SENFT, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JAN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EU221 UT WOS:A1991EU22100003 ER PT J AU HAYS, SM AF HAYS, SM TI PROTECTING PARASITES PREVENTS GASTRO-DAMAGE SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP HAYS, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JAN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EU221 UT WOS:A1991EU22100004 ER PT J AU WOOD, M AF WOOD, M TI ONE STUNT TOMATO GROWERS DONT WANT TO SEE SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP WOOD, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JAN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EU221 UT WOS:A1991EU22100005 ER PT J AU BECKER, H AF BECKER, H TI THERMAL FABRIC ATTRACTS COMMERCIAL INTEREST SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP BECKER, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JAN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EU221 UT WOS:A1991EU22100006 ER PT J AU STANLEY, D AF STANLEY, D TI WHITEFLY CAUSES BLEAK TIMES FOR GROWERS - PRODUCERS FACE WHOLE ARMIES OF TINY, DISEASE-SPREADING MARAUDERS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP STANLEY, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JAN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 16 EP 17 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EU221 UT WOS:A1991EU22100007 ER PT J AU CORLISS, J AF CORLISS, J TI BETTER BEANS FROM TANZANIA SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP CORLISS, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JAN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 18 EP 19 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EU221 UT WOS:A1991EU22100008 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JK AF KAPLAN, JK TI IS THERE A GOOD CHANCE OF RAIN SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP KAPLAN, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JAN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 20 EP 20 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EU221 UT WOS:A1991EU22100009 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JK AF KAPLAN, JK TI HIGHER YIELDS, MORE YEARS FOR SUGARCANE SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP KAPLAN, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JAN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 20 EP 21 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EU221 UT WOS:A1991EU22100010 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JK AF KAPLAN, JK TI ITS ITURIN SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP KAPLAN, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JAN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EU221 UT WOS:A1991EU22100012 ER PT J AU MCBRIDE, J AF MCBRIDE, J TI FOOD FAT LINGERS IN OLDER FOLKS BLOOD SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP MCBRIDE, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JAN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EU221 UT WOS:A1991EU22100011 ER PT J AU CORLISS, J AF CORLISS, J TI APPLE TREE DISEASE BLAMED ON MLO SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP CORLISS, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JAN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 22 EP 23 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EU221 UT WOS:A1991EU22100014 ER PT J AU HAYS, SM AF HAYS, SM TI WHY SCIENTISTS COTTON TO EGYPTIAN COTTON SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP HAYS, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JAN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EU221 UT WOS:A1991EU22100013 ER PT J AU WOOD, M AF WOOD, M TI EAT RIGHT AND BUILD IMMUNITY SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP WOOD, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JAN PY 1991 VL 39 IS 1 BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EU221 UT WOS:A1991EU22100015 ER PT J AU SEMAN, DH FRERE, MH STUEDEMANN, JA WILKINSON, SR AF SEMAN, DH FRERE, MH STUEDEMANN, JA WILKINSON, SR TI SIMULATING THE INFLUENCE OF STOCKING RATE, SWARD HEIGHT AND DENSITY ON STEER PRODUCTIVITY AND GRAZING BEHAVIOR SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID INGESTIVE BEHAVIOR; HERBAGE INTAKE; CATTLE; SHEEP; PASTURES; MODEL AB A simulation model was written to study how sward characteristics affect steer performance and the grazing behavior of steers. This model, called INTERFACE, simulates grazing behaviour as affected by both horizontal and vertical distribution of forage quality throughout simulated swards. Simulated steers grazed small, rectangular pastures containing a tall fescue monoculture. Horizontally, the pasture was divided into 12 equallysized sites with the water and mineral source both located in one site. Steers randomly selected a site for grazing. Vertically, the sward was divided into five layers, each of which varied in quality, i.e. proportion of cell wall, nitrogen, minerals or lignin. Results of trial simulations indicated that steers spent more time grazing sites near the water source and progressively less as distance from the water source increased. Grazing time increased as the sward became shorter and more inferior in quality. Although this model simulates diet selection simply as a random process, grazing time comparisons with actual grazing data suggest that this assumption may be adequate. This model can be used to test hypotheses about grazing behavior as influenced by forage quality and sward height. RP SEMAN, DH (reprint author), USDA,ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677, USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PY 1991 VL 37 IS 2 BP 165 EP 181 DI 10.1016/0308-521X(91)90003-S PG 17 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA GQ032 UT WOS:A1991GQ03200003 ER PT J AU JONES, CA DYKE, PT WILLIAMS, JR KINIRY, JR BENSON, VW GRIGGS, RH AF JONES, CA DYKE, PT WILLIAMS, JR KINIRY, JR BENSON, VW GRIGGS, RH TI EPIC - AN OPERATIONAL MODEL FOR EVALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SEMINAR ON APPLICATIONS OF CROP SIMULATION MODELS CY JUL, 1990 CL UNIV LONDON, WYE COLL, CTR EUROPEAN AGR STUDIES, LONDON, ENGLAND HO UNIV LONDON, WYE COLL, CTR EUROPEAN AGR STUDIES ID PLANT PHOSPHORUS MODEL; SOLAR-RADIATION; SIMPLIFIED SOIL; CROP; PRODUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; IMPACTS; EROSION AB In the early 1980s, a mathematical model called EPIC (Erosion-Productivity Impact Calculator) was developed as part of the United States Soil and Water Resources Conservation Act to assess the relationship between soil erosion by wind or water and crop productivity throughout the United States. The model uses a daily time step to simulate weather, hydrology, soil temperature, erosion-sedimentation, nutrient cycling, tillage, crop management and growth, and field-scale costs and returns. Since 1985, an interactive data entry system; flexible graphical output utilities; extensive soil and weather generation databases; crop and tillage parameter databases; and alternative methods to simulate erosion, weather, irrigation, fertilization and tillage have been added. The expanded model and associated software can now be considered an operational, microcomputer-based, decision support system to analyze the productivity and sustainability of complex cropping systems. C1 USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502. USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,TEMPLE,TX 76502. RP JONES, CA (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,BLACKLAND RES CTR,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 44 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PY 1991 VL 37 IS 4 BP 341 EP 350 DI 10.1016/0308-521X(91)90057-H PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA GX919 UT WOS:A1991GX91900003 ER PT J AU ARNOLD, RN BENNETT, GL AF ARNOLD, RN BENNETT, GL TI EVALUATION OF 4 SIMULATION-MODELS OF CATTLE GROWTH AND BODY-COMPOSITION .2. SIMULATION AND COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENTAL GROWTH DATA SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID FEEDLOT MANAGEMENT-SYSTEM; BEEF-CATTLE; DYNAMIC-MODEL; EFFICIENCY; PERFORMANCE AB Simulated results for cattle growth and body composition of four models were compared with experimentally measured values from three experiments. None of the models accurately estimated body composition. The models were more accurate in estimating empty body weight than body composition. Experimental treatments of dietary energy intake, mature size, age, and sex were not consistently misestimated in one direction among the three experiments. The models did not predict feed intake accurately. Using the intakes predicted by the models did not improve the prediction of body composition. None of the four models was clearly superior. It is concluded that use of growth curves as implemented in the four models provides only an approximation of the composition of a large group of animals. Growth curve based models can result in up to 20 to 25% error in estimates of body growth. These models would not be suitable in situations requiring close approximations of body growth and composition for the simulation of production practices. Adding detailed or complex logic to growth curve based models may be of little value in improving accuracy. More detailed, mechanistic models need to be evaluated and growth model logic and level of aggregation appraised. C1 USDA ARS,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PY 1991 VL 36 IS 1 BP 17 EP 41 DI 10.1016/0308-521X(91)90106-K PG 25 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA FN331 UT WOS:A1991FN33100002 ER PT J AU BARKER, GL BAKER, RV LAIRD, JW AF BARKER, GL BAKER, RV LAIRD, JW TI GINQUAL - A COTTON PROCESSING QUALITY MODEL SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article RP BARKER, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PY 1991 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1016/0308-521X(91)90143-X PG 20 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA EM280 UT WOS:A1991EM28000001 ER PT J AU DENHAM, SC LARSEN, RE BOUCHER, J ADAMS, EL AF DENHAM, SC LARSEN, RE BOUCHER, J ADAMS, EL TI STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIOR OF A DETERMINISTIC MODEL OF REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE IN BEEF-CATTLE SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID FEEDLOT MANAGEMENT-SYSTEM; SIMULATED EFFICIENCY C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT LARGE ANIM CLIN SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT STAT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,BROOKSVILLE,FL. RP DENHAM, SC (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ANIM SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PY 1991 VL 35 IS 1 BP 21 EP 36 DI 10.1016/0308-521X(91)90144-Y PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA EM280 UT WOS:A1991EM28000002 ER PT J AU SEMAN, DH FRERE, MH STUEDEMANN, JA WILKINSON, SR AF SEMAN, DH FRERE, MH STUEDEMANN, JA WILKINSON, SR TI ADAPTING THE SPUR ANIMAL SUBMODEL FOR USE ON FESCUE PASTURES BY INCLUDING RUMEN AND HEAT-STRESS LOGIC SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID MODEL; DIGESTION; RUMINANT; CATTLE; SHEEP RP SEMAN, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,POB 555,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677, USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PY 1991 VL 35 IS 1 BP 53 EP 67 DI 10.1016/0308-521X(91)90146-2 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA EM280 UT WOS:A1991EM28000004 ER PT J AU BRANDT, JA YOUNG, RE WOMACK, AW AF BRANDT, JA YOUNG, RE WOMACK, AW TI MODELING THE IMPACTS OF 2 AGRICULTURAL POLICIES ON THE UNITED-STATES LIVESTOCK SECTOR - A SYSTEMS-APPROACH SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB A framework for assessing the impacts of alternative agricultural policies on producers, consumers, and other interest groups through the use of an econometric model of the major crop and livestock commodities in the US is described. The model is linked at various stages of the market channel to allow commodity interaction and feedback. Two farm policy alternatives are described and the parameters of these options are imposed on the dynamic system. Significantly different outcomes are generated by the simulations and suggest that substantial adjustments may be required of producers of livestock and consumers of meat, depending on the policy option. C1 USDA,SENATE AGR COMMITTEE,WASHINGTON,DC 20510. RP BRANDT, JA (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGR ECON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2 BP 129 EP 155 DI 10.1016/0308-521X(91)90083-M PG 27 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA EQ248 UT WOS:A1991EQ24800002 ER PT J AU ARNOLD, RN BENNETT, GL AF ARNOLD, RN BENNETT, GL TI EVALUATION OF 4 SIMULATION-MODELS OF CATTLE GROWTH AND BODY-COMPOSITION .1. COMPARISON AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MODELS SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID FEEDLOT MANAGEMENT-SYSTEM; BEEF-PRODUCTION; ANIMAL GROWTH; EFFICIENCY; COW; WATER; SIZE AB Four cattle growth models were compared for simulating weight gain, composition, and feed intake. All four models differed in their prediction of weight gain, composition, and intake. The definition of mature weight used in the models differed. More comparable results between models were obtained when the mature weight of the simulated animal was adjusted relative to the value defined for each model than when the same numerical value of mature weight was used in all models. Simulating the models with similar levels of intake produced different results than when using each model's own prediction of intake. Each growth model would be expected to provide different results if used as the growth submodel for a production system model. C1 USDA,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PY 1991 VL 35 IS 4 BP 401 EP 432 DI 10.1016/0308-521X(91)90117-S PG 32 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA FC106 UT WOS:A1991FC10600003 ER PT J AU HUANG, WY URI, ND AF HUANG, WY URI, ND TI AN ANALYSIS OF THE MARGINAL VALUE OF CROPLAND AND NITROGEN-FERTILIZER USE UNDER ALTERNATIVE FARM PROGRAMS SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB The analysis in this paper is directed at estimating the impact on the marginal value of a crop base acre and on nitrogen fertilizer use of alternative farm programs designed to encourage planting flexibility in response to changing relative agricultural commodity prices. Four policy alternatives are considered-the Current Farm Program, the Normal Crop Acreage option, The Triple Base option, and the Modified Normal Crop Acreage option. Encouraging planting flexibility via the Modified Normal Crop Acreage option can be an effective way to reduce the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer. Additionally, an effective farm policy designed to encourage growing crops besides those used to calculate the base acreage should detach any program deficiency payments from the number of program base acres. For example, the Triple Base option would lower the marginal value of a base acre and therefore would increase the likelihood of a farmer adopting some sort of crop rotation scheme (as opposed to continuously planting the same program crop). The accompanying reduction in the excessive nitrogen fertilizer application rate, however, may not be substantial because the Triple Base option links deficiency payments to the number of base acres. The Modified Normal Crop Acreage option, on the other hand, is an effective way to reduce the excessive nitrogen fertilizer application rate while at the same time inducing farmers to consider the production of alternative crops. RP HUANG, WY (reprint author), USDA,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PY 1991 VL 35 IS 4 BP 433 EP 453 DI 10.1016/0308-521X(91)90118-T PG 21 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA FC106 UT WOS:A1991FC10600004 ER PT J AU DINAR, A RHOADES, JD NASH, P WAGGONER, BL AF DINAR, A RHOADES, JD NASH, P WAGGONER, BL TI PRODUCTION-FUNCTIONS RELATING CROP YIELD, WATER-QUALITY AND QUANTITY, SOIL-SALINITY AND DRAINAGE VOLUME SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATION; MODEL AB Data from a long-term lysimeter experiment were used to estimate a set of production functions describing relationships between yield, water quantity and quality, soil salinity and drainage volume. The experiment simulated a variety of conditions prevailing in the San Joaquin and Imperial Valleys of California currently suffering salinity and drainage problems. Coefficients for the various estimated functions are statistically significant and the functions describe the relative effects of input water quality and quantity on yield, soil salinity, and drainage volumes for wheat, sorghum and tall wheatgrass. Possible use of these functions for decision making is discussed. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY DRAINAGE PROGRAM,SACRAMENTO,CA 95825. USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 19 IS 1 BP 51 EP 66 DI 10.1016/0378-3774(91)90062-N PG 16 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA EW305 UT WOS:A1991EW30500005 ER PT J AU POWERS, RF VANCLEVE, K AF POWERS, RF VANCLEVE, K TI LONG-TERM ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN TEMPERATE AND BOREAL FOREST ECOSYSTEMS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DECOMPOSITION; PRODUCTIVITY AB Forest ecosystems are distinguished by their complexity and diversity, their progressive nature of development, and the constant risk of random catastrophes. These systems develop relatively slowly, and research conducted on them requires years or decades to yield meaningful findings with broad extension. Prolonged development, coupled with uncertainty about disruption, work against long-term commitment to fund and maintain study sites. Alternative research strategies (chronosequence and retrospective studies) produce rapid results, but are marred by limited application and uncertainty about past events. With notable exceptions, most long-term studies have centered on relatively undisturbed natural ecosystems. While such studies are useful, they lack the flexibility needed to gauge the long-term impacts of manipulation. New programs, such as the National Science Foundation's network of Long-Term Ecological Research sites, and the USDA Forest Service's Long-Term Soil Productivity studies, encompass and support a wider range of objectives and variables than was possible in earlier studies. C1 UNIV ALASKA,FOREST SOILS LAB,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP POWERS, RF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,REDDING,CA 96001, USA. NR 54 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 11 EP 24 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY095 UT WOS:A1991EY09500003 ER PT J AU MENZEL, RG AF MENZEL, RG TI LONG-TERM FIELD-RESEARCH ON WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROPPING-TILLAGE SYSTEMS; SOIL; DEPOSITION; NITROGEN; NITRATE; FOREST; FERTILIZATION; PROBABILITIES; PHOSPHORUS; DRAINAGE AB Maintaining the quality of soil, water, and air presently has a high national priority, and is particularly important for agriculture. The deterioration of environmental quality, in most respects, has proceeded almost imperceptibly. Long-term research is required to study effects that change slowly with time, such as contamination of groundwater, or that depend upon infrequent weather events, such as water erosion of soil. Much environmental quality research involves long-term measurements of runoff and soil erosion because these are the dominant mechanisms for transporting nutrients and pesticides to rivers and lakes. Water and environmental quality studies are being made at sites ranging from small field plots to large watersheds and experimental lakes. Effects of acid rain are being studied mainly at watershed and lake sites. There has been little long-term groundwater quality research on agricultural areas, but a major investigation of nitrate and pesticide movement is getting under way. Long-term field research is essential to confirm and refine the predictions derived from environmental models. RP MENZEL, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER QUAL & WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 44 EP 49 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY095 UT WOS:A1991EY09500007 ER PT J AU ACOCK, B ACOCK, MC AF ACOCK, B ACOCK, MC TI POTENTIAL FOR USING LONG-TERM FIELD-RESEARCH DATA TO DEVELOP AND VALIDATE CROP SIMULATORS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE AB At the time when many long-term field experiments were initiated, the principal method of analyzing crop yield data was to use multiple regression analysis. This technique is based on the assumption that the interacting effects of environmental factors on plants can be described with empirical additive or multiplicative models. We now know that such models do not adequately describe the interactions between factors. In the early days of agricultural experimentation, when gross nutrient deficiencies in soils were being corrected, the exact form of the model did not matter much. Now, with soil nutrient levels near optimum, additional (plant and weather) factors have to be considered in our analysis and our models must deal with the interaction between all factors realistically. The most realistic way of considering how a large number of factors affect plants is to use a limiting factor model. This enables us to develop mechanistic crop models (simulators) that simulate many of the processes going on in the plant, soil, and atmosphere. However, the validation of crop simulators requires more types of data than does the development of empirical models. Many of the data used to develop crop simulators come from studies in controlled-environment plant growth chambers, where environmental factors can be manipulated independently. However, it is widely recognized that plants grown in chambers differ from those in the field, and model parameters often have to be adjusted to fit field data. Thus, field data are essential to the final stages of model development and validation. Long-term field research is especially useful because: (i) it provides data in which some environmental factors are constant over time, and observed effects can be attributed to uncontrolled factors, and (ii) it provides data in which the unknown effects of previous treatments have been minimized. Despite these advantages, long-term field data have rarely, if ever, been used in the development and validation of crop simulators. Modelers would benefit from working more closely with scientists running long-term field experiments, showing them what additional types of data are needed and how existing crop simulators can be used to interpret results. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,REMOTE SENSING RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ACOCK, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,SYST RES LAB,BLDG 011A,ROOM 165B,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 56 EP 61 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY095 UT WOS:A1991EY09500009 ER PT J AU ARMY, TJ KEMPER, WD AF ARMY, TJ KEMPER, WD TI SUPPORT FOR LONG-TERM AGRICULTURAL-RESEARCH SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Agricultural research, like most present day science generally consists of short-term studies. A sustainable agriculture, however, requires a long-term field and laboratory approach to determine the complex interactions of soils, plants, animals, climate, and management. Short-term funding and pressures to publish are the major factors discouraging the initiation of needed long term crop and animal research projects. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,NATL PROGRAM STAFF,BLDG 005,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,NO PLAINS AREA,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 62 EP 65 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY095 UT WOS:A1991EY09500010 ER PT J AU DICK, WA MCCOY, EL EDWARDS, WM LAL, R AF DICK, WA MCCOY, EL EDWARDS, WM LAL, R TI CONTINUOUS APPLICATION OF NO-TILLAGE TO OHIO SOILS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; ROTATION COMBINATIONS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CROP-ROTATION; CORN; YIELD AB No-tillage (NT) crop production practices have been continuously maintained at four sites in Ohio for more than 25 yr. The original experiments involving NT were designed to determine how much tillage was required to produce crops with satisfactory yields and how tillage and rotation interact to effect crop yields, especially corn (Zea mays L.). Long-term effects of NT on crop yields and soil properties are generally not known because few sites exist with histories of greater-than-or-equal-to 20 yr of NT. This paper reports yield trends of corn and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and changes in soil properties that occurred when NT was continuously practiced on soils in Ohio. Significantly lower yields for NT, as compared to conventional tilage (CT), were observed for monoculture corn and for soybean in rotation during the first 18 yr on a very poorly drained Mollic Ochraqualf soil. The yield differences observed for corn could be largely eliminated by crop rotation and for soybean by the use of phytophthera resistant/tolerant soybean cultivars. On a well-drained Typic Fragiudalf soil, crop yields were always higher with NT than with CT. After 18 yr, yield trends indicated the negative impact of NT on the very poorly drained soil was greatly decreased and the yield advantages associated with NT on the well-drained soil became even more pronounced. The change in yield trends did not appear to be associated with change in weather patterns. The long-term NT sites also revealed organic matter, nutrients, and soil enzymes accumulated at the soil surface but decreased deeper ( > 20 cm) in the soil profile. Surface water runoff was found to be greatly decreased from the long-term NT watershed site (approximately-9% slope) with only 12 mm of runoff measured between 1979 and 1985. C1 USDA ARS,NO APPALACHIAN EXPT WATERSHED,COSHOCTON,OH 43812. RP DICK, WA (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 38 TC 127 Z9 134 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY095 UT WOS:A1991EY09500011 ER PT J AU PITMAN, WD PIACITELLI, CK AIKEN, GE BARTON, FE AF PITMAN, WD PIACITELLI, CK AIKEN, GE BARTON, FE TI BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF TROPICAL GRASS-LEGUME PASTURES ESTIMATED WITH NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; FORAGE; CALIBRATION; MIXTURES; SPECTRA AB Quantifying pasture composition requires either laborious or subjective approaches. Evaluations of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine botanical composition of mixed pasture swards have shown potential. In this study, characterization of botanical composition of pastures comprised primarily of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge), aeschynomene (Aeschynomene americana L.) and phasey bean [Macroptilium lathyriodes (L.) Urb.] by NIRS was evaluated. Three approaches (hand-composited samples, single-component samples, and actual pasture samples) were compared for equation development. Theoretical potential of NIRS is illustrated by high coefficients of determination (0.98-0.99) and low standard errors (1.4-2.9%) of equations for the above species from hand-composited samples. Equations developed from the three approaches were evaluated for estimation of the botanical composition of a separate group of pasture samples. Equations developed from hand-composited samples from a single source of each component were not acceptable for estimating composition of pasture samples despite the excellent calibration statistics. Single-component samples approached adequate results only for composite total grass and total legume groups, even though the pasture sample composition appeared to be well represented in the calibration sample set. Equations from pasture samples provided useful estimates of sample means, although some individual samples were poorly estimated. Thus, botanical composition of these pastures may be estimated using equations from actual pasture samples, and estimates of total grass and total legume may be obtained from use of single-component samples, which provides further labor reductions. A comparison of original software and updated software packages CAL, BEST, REG70, and partial least squares principal component regression showed none to be consistently superior. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP PITMAN, WD (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,ONA,FL 33865, USA. NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 103 EP 107 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY095 UT WOS:A1991EY09500019 ER PT J AU WINTER, SR MUSICK, JT AF WINTER, SR MUSICK, JT TI GRAZED WHEAT-GRAIN YIELD RELATIONSHIPS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Texas is grown in early-planted production systems that are grazed by stocker cattle (Bos spp.) and late-planted nongrazed production systems. The objectives were to: (i) verify cultivar X production system interactions for 11 cultivars in 1988 and (ii) better understand grain yield relationships using data from 1986 experiments involving two semidwarf cultivars, Q588 and Vona, and the taller Siouxland. Average grain yield loss in 1988 due to grazing (grazed vs. nongrazed system) was 0.52, 1.37, and 2.18 Mg ha-1 for tall, intermediate, and short cultivars, respectively. Responses within height classes were consistent for three tall cultivars and five short cultivars. In the nongrazed production system in 1986, Q588 and Vona were better adapted as shown by linear increases in seed number and grain yield at anthesis biomass levels up to 1600 g m-2. In contrast, Siouxland a taller cultivar did not increase seed number or grain yield when biomass exceeded 1300 g m-2. Severe or later grazing reduces height, leaf area, and biomass. Under these less productive conditions, Siouxland yielded as much as Q588 or Vona. The cultivar X system interaction is caused by the greater response of semidwarf cultivars to productive nongrazed systems coupled with the size advantage of tall cultivars in grazed systems. As a result, the yield advantage of semidwarf cultivars over tall cultivars is much greater in nongrazed as compared to grazed systems. C1 USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. RP WINTER, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 10 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 130 EP 135 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY095 UT WOS:A1991EY09500024 ER PT J AU BOQUET, DJ DABNEY, SM AF BOQUET, DJ DABNEY, SM TI RESEEDING, BIOMASS, AND NITROGEN-CONTENT OF SELECTED WINTER LEGUMES IN GRAIN-SORGHUM CULTURE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ANNUAL COVER CROPS; NO-TILLAGE CORN; CLOVER AB Winter legumes as green manure crops in grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench, production on clay soils in the southern USA would be facilitated by increased knowledge of growth responses and reseeding capability of legume cultivars. This study evaluated 'Tibbee' crimson, Trifolium incarnatum L.; 'Bigbee' berseem, T. alexandrinum L.: 'Yuchi' arrowleaf, T. vesiculosum Savi.; and 'Woogenellup' subterranean, T. subterraneum L. clovers and 'Woodford' big flower vetch, Vicia grandiflora Scop., for reseeding, biomass and N content at seven growth termination dates (GTD): 20 and 31 March, 10 and 21 April, and 1, 13, and 22 May 1986. The field experiment was initially planted on 15 Oct. 1985 on a Mhoon silty clay (fine-silty, mixed, nonacid, thermic, Typic Fluvaquents). No legume was able to reseed the first year when the GTD was on or before 10 April. Crimson and subterranean clover and big flower vetch successfully reseeded at a GTD of 21 April. Berseem clover did not reseed unless the GTD was as late as 13 May, and arrowleaf clover did not reseed at any GTD. The legumes that reseeded the first year also reseeded a second year. Maximum biomass:N (kg ha-1) accumulation was 5500:150 for crimson; 6550:190 for berseem; 6350:152 for subterranean; 6300:203 for arrowleaf clovers; and 2700:80 for big flower vetch. Maximum biomass and N accumulation occurred by the date of reseeding for all five legumes; thus, growth of these legumes need not extend beyond this date to realize all of the green manure benefits. Nitrogen content of all legumes, except big flower vetch, was theoretically sufficient to meet the requirements of a grain sorghum crop without additional N fertilizer. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. RP BOQUET, DJ (reprint author), LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,NE RES STN,POB 438,ST JOSEPH,LA 71366, USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 144 EP 148 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY095 UT WOS:A1991EY09500027 ER PT J AU BONHOMME, R DERIEUX, M KINIRY, JR EDMEADES, GO OZIERLAFONTAINE, H AF BONHOMME, R DERIEUX, M KINIRY, JR EDMEADES, GO OZIERLAFONTAINE, H TI MAIZE LEAF NUMBER SENSITIVITY IN RELATION TO PHOTOPERIOD IN MULTILOCATION FIELD TRIALS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; PERIOD AB The photoperiodic response of maize (Zea mays L.) determines the total number of leaves (LN). Knowledge of this is important for modeling phenology and for describing cultivar adaptation. The objective of this research was to evaluate artificial extension of photoperiod for field-grown maize as a method of quantifying photoperiodic sensitivity. The LN response was quantified using data from six diverse maize cultivars grown at two field locations where natural photoperiods were artificially extended by 1.3 h to 7.3 h. These responses were then compared with LN observed in a field experiment of the same cultivars grown at 11 diverse latitudes. The relative ranking of photoperiod sensitivity among cultivars was similar for the two groups of experiments, although observed sensitivity was occasionally greater in artificial light experiments than in multilocation experiments. Photoperiod sensitivity was greater for the tropical than for the temperate cultivars, with mean sensitivities of 1.91 and 0.49 leaves h-1, respectively. The LN in tropical cultivars was reduced by 0.5 to 2.0 leaves plant-1 for every min d-1 increase in rate of change of photoperiod during the photoperiod-sensitive stage. Artificial extension of daylength by lights mounted in the field appears to be an effective and efficient means of screening maize cultivars for photoperiodic sensitivity. C1 INRA,GENET AMELIORAT PLANTES STN,F-80200 PERONNE,FRANCE. USDA ARS,TEMPLE,TX 76502. CIMMYT,MEXICO CITY 06600,DF,MEXICO. INRA,AGROPEDOCLIMAT STN,F-97184 POINTE A PITRE,GUADELOUPE. RP BONHOMME, R (reprint author), INRA,F-78850 THIVERVAL GRIGNON,FRANCE. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 153 EP 157 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY095 UT WOS:A1991EY09500029 ER PT J AU DENISON, RF SMITH, DL LEGROS, T LAYZELL, DB AF DENISON, RF SMITH, DL LEGROS, T LAYZELL, DB TI NONINVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF INTERNAL OXYGEN CONCENTRATION OF FIELD-GROWN SOYBEAN NODULES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ACETYLENE-REDUCTION RATES; DETACHED PEA NODULES; LEGUME ROOT-NODULES; NITROGENASE ACTIVITY; O-2 CONCENTRATION; N-2 FIXATION; RESISTANCE; DIFFUSION; LEGHEMOGLOBIN; CARBOHYDRATE AB Recent research suggests that decreased N2 fixation with drought, defoliation, or nitrate exposure is due to decreased nodule permeability to O2. Decreased O2 permeability would result in lower O2 concentration in the nodule interior and a decreased rate of bacteroid respiration in support of N2 fixation. To test this hypothesis under field conditions, a noninvasive method (based on spectrophotometry of leghemoglobin) was used to measure O2 concentration within intact, attached nodules of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. A detopping (shoot removal) treatment, which interrupted phloem supply to nodules, resulted in lower internal O2 concentration relative to controls, suggesting that nodule respiration was directly limited by O2 rather than carbohydrate. When the gas stream around a nodule was switched from pure N2 to pure O2, internal O2 concentration increased more rapidly in control nodules than in nodules attached to detopped plants. This difference in reoxygenation rate is also consistent with reduced nodule gas permeability after detopping. The method described here, with modifications, should be useful for a variety of field studies. C1 MACDONALD COLL,DEPT PLANT SCI,ST ANNE BELLEVUE,QUEBEC,CANADA. QUEENS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,KINGSTON K7L 3N6,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP DENISON, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. RI Layzell, David/A-9417-2010 OI Layzell, David/0000-0003-3085-3189 NR 21 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 166 EP 169 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY095 UT WOS:A1991EY09500032 ER PT J AU BRAR, GS GOMEZ, JF MCMICHAEL, BL MATCHES, AG TAYLOR, HM AF BRAR, GS GOMEZ, JF MCMICHAEL, BL MATCHES, AG TAYLOR, HM TI GERMINATION OF 20 FORAGE LEGUMES AS INFLUENCED BY TEMPERATURE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRIFOLIUM-SUBTERRANEUM L; CLOVER; CULTIVARS; GROWTH; BARKER; SWARDS; PLANTS AB Many studies have shown that water potential at planting will affect germination rate and final germination. Much less is known, however, about the effects of different temperatures at planting on seed germination. Our objectives were to compare the influence of different temperatures on the germination percentage and germination rate index of 20 forage legumes. Legume seedlings were grown for 10 d in polyethylene growth pouches placed in germination chambers and held in the dark at constant temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30-degrees-C. There were major effects of temperature on germination rate and germination percentage for all 20 legume entries. If we define satisfactory germination as 80% germination at 10 d after planting, 18 of the 20 entries had satisfactory germination at some temperature between 10 and 30-degrees-C. There were no significant effects of temperatures between 10 and 30-degrees-C on germination percentage at 10 d for 'Arlington' red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and 'Maxidor' alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) entries. Since temperature had a strong influence on germination, seeding time for some legumes should be selected to match expected temperatures for particular locations. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT AGRON HORT & ENTOMOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. NR 15 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 173 EP 175 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY095 UT WOS:A1991EY09500034 ER PT J AU UNGER, PW AF UNGER, PW TI ORGANIC-MATTER, NUTRIENT, AND PH DISTRIBUTION IN NO-TILLAGE AND CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE SEMIARID SOILS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; ROTATION; SYSTEMS; SORGHUM; WHEAT; CORN AB There is widespread interest concerning whether the influence of conservation tillage systems on soil conditions is beneficial or detrimental to crop production. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the distribution with depth of organic matter (OM), total N, NO3-N, P, K, Ca, and pH on Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll). The crop rotation used was dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]-fallow (WSF) involving stubble mulch (SM) tillage and no-tillage (NT). The SM field and an adjacent NT field had been used for the WSF rotation since 1956. No-tillage was started on the adjacent field in 1981 (NT-81), continuing the same rotation. On another field, the NT-WSF rotation was started in 1979 (NT-79) on land previously used for irrigated crops. Sampling was in August 1988 at depths of 0 to 1, 1 to 2, 2 to 4, 4 to 6, 6 to 8, 8 to 10, 10 to 15, and 15 to 20 cm. On the SM field, there were few differences, except for pH, throughout the tillage zone (0-8 cm). There were differences at depths below 8 cm in some cases relative to those above 8 cm. The NT fields tended to have higher mean OM, N, NO3-N, P, and K values at the surface than the SM field, but all differences were not significant. In general, more differences with depth were significant on NT fields than on the SM field. Although NT is changing the distribution of OM and some plant nutrients in the soil, the changes are relatively small and NT appears to be a viable cropping practice for conserving soil and water and maintaining crop productivity on dryland in the southern Great Plains. RP UNGER, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 23 TC 71 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 186 EP 189 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY095 UT WOS:A1991EY09500038 ER PT J AU REDDY, VR REDDY, KR BAKER, DN AF REDDY, VR REDDY, KR BAKER, DN TI TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF COTTON DURING THE FRUITING PERIOD SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM-L; LEAF GROWTH; LEAVES AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) requires warm days and relatively warm nights for optimum growth and development. However, in many areas of the cotton belt, sub- and super-optimal temperatures frequently occur, both early and late in the season, resulting in altered growth and development. The purpose of this research was to quantify plant responses to temperature, so that these responses could be incorporated into plant growth models used to manage cotton crops. Plants, initially grown out of doors in pots, were moved into sunlit, temperature-controlled growth chambers 5 d prior to initial bloom. Growth and development were studied in 20/10, 25/15, 30/20, 35/25, and 40/30-degrees-C day/night temperature regimes from initial bloom. Temperature significantly affected phenology, leaf expansion, internode elongation, biomass production and the partitioning of assimilates to different plant parts. Optimum temperature for biomass production was 30/20-degrees-C, with 40 and 50% less biomass at 20/10 and 40/30-degrees-C, respectively. By 49 d after initial bloom, 13, 15 and 43% of the biomass had been partitioned to bolls and squares at 20/10, 25/15 and 30/20-degrees-C, respectively, reflecting to some extent slower development at the temperatures lower than 30/20-degrees-C. Above 30/20-degrees-C, most of the squares and bolls were aborted. The growth of the main-stem and its successive leaves at 30/20-degrees-C was rapid initially, but was restricted later due to competition with bolls for available carbohydrates. The quantification of growth and developmental rates over a wider range of temperatures will enable us to predict crop performance if temperature increases as a result of global climate change. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SIMULAT RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP REDDY, VR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NRI,SYST RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 211 EP 217 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY095 UT WOS:A1991EY09500044 ER PT J AU HEATHERLY, LG PRINGLE, HC AF HEATHERLY, LG PRINGLE, HC TI SOYBEAN CULTIVARS RESPONSE TO FLOOD IRRIGATION OF CLAY SOIL SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN ACCUMULATION; YIELD; GROWTH; WATER; DURATION; CULTURE AB Surface irrigation is widely used to increase seed yield of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown on clayey soils of the southern Mississippi River alluvial plain. A field study was conducted on Sharkey clay (Vertic Haplaquept, very-fine, montmorillonitic, thermic) in 3 yr to measure the effect of flood irrigation of varying duration on yield and yield components of soybean. Treatments were (Treatment 0) nonirrigated; (Treatment 1) 24 h to flood (soil submerged 24 h after onset of irrigation) and then drained; (Treatment 2) 24 h to flood plus 24-h moving water flood, then drained; (Treatment 3) 24 h to flood plus 48-h moving water flood, then drained; (Treatment 4) soil submerged with static water for 24 h, then drained; and (Treatment 5) soil submerged within 2 h of onset of irrigation, and then drained. All irrigation treatments commenced at first bloom and repeated whenever soil water potential of a treatment dropped below - 70 kPa at 30-cm depth. 'Sharkey' soybean was more responsive than was 'Centennial', but all irrigation treatments resulted in significant yield increases of both cultivars in years when rainfall was deficient during reproductive development. Treatment 3 flooding resulted in significantly lower seed yield than did Treatment 1 flooding, while Treatments 1 and 2 floodings achieved similar yield increases. In a rainy year (1988), Treatment 3 average yield was lower than yields from all other treatments. This indicates that even relatively short periods of flooding can be detrimental to soybean if complemented with untimely rainfall. Standing water for 24 h (Treatment 4) produced yield increases that equalled or exceeded those of all the moving water treatments. These results showed that flood inundation of less than 48 h will result in the consistently largest significant yield increase for soybean, and that soybean genotypes differ in their response to flood irrigation. C1 DELTA BR EXP STN,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP HEATHERLY, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOYBEAN PROD RES UNIT,POB 343,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 231 EP 236 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY095 UT WOS:A1991EY09500047 ER PT J AU SHARRATT, BS AF SHARRATT, BS TI SHOOT GROWTH, ROOT LENGTH DENSITY, AND WATER-USE OF BARLEY GROWN AT DIFFERENT SOIL TEMPERATURES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WHEAT; APEX AB Temperatures considered optimum for root growth only occur near the soil surface in interior Alaska, and current literature inadequately describes low soil temperature (i.e. 5-degrees-C) effects on plant development. This study determined shoot and root characteristics of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) when grown at varying root zone temperatures (RZT). Leaf area, number of leaves and stems, and aerial and root biomass were assessed at heading of barley grown in pots in a glasshouse at RZT of 5, 10, and 15-degrees-C. Plant stage and height were recorded twice weekly. Pots were sectioned at 5 and 10 cm below the soil surface to obtain root lengths and dry weights. Three replications of the experiment used sand as the soil media, a fourth replication used a soil/peat mixture. Plant water use was determined by subtracting the amount of water leached through pots from that added. Plants grown at 5-degrees-C RZT had a 30% slower leaf appearance rate, 50% fewer stems and leaves, and 70% less leaf area than grown at 15-degrees-C. Root length density increased with increasing RZT. Water use and water-use efficiency were least at 5-degrees-C RZT. Greater specific leaf weights at 5-degrees-C RZT indicated greater photosynthetic efficiency, but reduced water uptake resulted in less dry matter production than at 15-degrees-C RZT. RP SHARRATT, BS (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,USDA ARS,309 ONEILL,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 237 EP 239 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY095 UT WOS:A1991EY09500048 ER PT J AU STEINER, JL HOWELL, TA SCHNEIDER, AD AF STEINER, JL HOWELL, TA SCHNEIDER, AD TI LYSIMETRIC EVALUATION OF DAILY POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION MODELS FOR GRAIN-SORGHUM SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RESEARCH PRIORITIES; EVAPO-TRANSPIRATION; DECADE; CROP AB Evapotranspiration (E(t)) information is needed for many applications in agricultural and natural resource management, but commonly used prediction equations have not been adequately tested for the dry, high radiation, windy conditions of the Southern Great Plains. In order to test such equations, two precise weighing lysimeters at Bushland, TX, were used to measure daily E(t) from wellwatered, irrigated grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in 1987 and 1988. Forms of the Penman, Penman-Monteith, Jensen-Haise, and Priestley-Taylor models were evaluated for prediction of potential evapotranspiration (E(tp)). The Penman-Monteith model provided the best predictions of E(tp) and predicted well across the entire range of measured E(t). Forms of the Penman model with empirically fit wind functions overpredicted E(tp) by 20 to 40%, and attempts to fit a linear wind function to our data were not satisfactory. The Jensen-Haise model, requiring only daily mean temperature and solar radiation data, overpredicted by 30%, but performed consistently across the range of E(t) measured. Modification of the Priestly-Taylor model with vapor pressure deficit or temperature advection terms is recommended. Without such modification, the model overpredicts at low E(t) rates and underpredicts at high E(t) rates. RP STEINER, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 38 TC 58 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 240 EP 247 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY095 UT WOS:A1991EY09500049 ER PT J AU ERICKSON, PI KETRING, DL STONE, JF AF ERICKSON, PI KETRING, DL STONE, JF TI RESPONSE OF INTERNAL TISSUE WATER-BALANCE OF PEANUT TO SOIL-WATER SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRYLAND EVAPORATIVE FLUX; SUBHUMID CLIMATE; AVAILABILITY; PLANTS; ROOT AB Efficient water application for crop productivity requires knowledge of the plant/soil water balance. The objectives of this research were to determine how peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) leaf water were to determine how peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) leaf water content responds to soil water content and to examine the soil water content-phi-s relationship for predicting limiting levels of soil water relative to crop water status in the field. Few field data describing peanut internal water balance responses to soil water are available. In the present study, available soil water content is defined as water content minus water content at - 1.5 MPa divided by water content at - 0.01 MPa minus water content at - 1.5 MPa. This approach normalizes water content to the fraction available. It is analogous to leaf relative water content (LRWC) and is expressed as soil relative water content (SRWC). The objectives of this research were to: (i) define the relationship between SRWC and LRWC of peanut grown under rainfed and irrigated conditions, and (ii) use SRWC to predict limiting levels of soil water relative to crop water status. Plants were grown on a Teller loam soil (fine, mixed, thermic Udic Argiustoll). Weekly midday (1130 to 1300 apparent solar time) measurements of LRWC were made between 40 and 100 d after planting (DAP). Weekly SRWC values were interpolated to correspond to LRWC measurement days. Above 50% SRWC, the mean LRWC was about 85%, and appeared to be affected more by evaporative demand than by SRWC. Below 50% SRWC, LRWC was highly correlated with SRWC. The predicted SRWC when turgor pressure potentials approached zero was about 45%. This SRWC threshold occurred under rainfed conditions in the 3 yr studied at 59, 56, and 64 DAP during flowering and pod formation. It is concluded that the SRWC vs. soil water pressure potential curve of Teller soil may be useful for predicting limiting levels of soil water for peanut and that limiting levels of soil water may occur well above the classically defined lower limit of soil water availability. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES LAB,1301 N WESTERN,STILLWATER,OK 74075. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 248 EP 253 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY095 UT WOS:A1991EY09500050 ER PT J AU OVERMAN, AR DAGAN, A MARTIN, FG WILKINSON, SR AF OVERMAN, AR DAGAN, A MARTIN, FG WILKINSON, SR TI A NITROGEN-PHOSPHORUS-POTASSIUM MODEL FOR FORAGE YIELD OF BERMUDAGRASS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A logistic equation was used to relate annual dry matter yield of Coastal bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] to applied N, P, and K. Yield data from a 4 X 4 X 4 (N X P X K) factorial experiment were analyzed. The second order Newton-Raphson procedure for nonlinear regression was used to estimate the seven parameters of the model. A correlation coefficient of 0.9884 was obtained with the model for the 64 data points. A response surface for yield as related to N and K at P = 100 kg ha-1 was drawn from the model. Isoquants (constant yield) were drawn for annual yield of 10 Mg ha-1. A residuals diagram showed no trends, lending further validity to the model. These results have application to agricultural production and environmental quality. C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT STAT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP OVERMAN, AR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGR ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 254 EP 258 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY095 UT WOS:A1991EY09500052 ER PT J AU BRAR, GS MCMICHAEL, BL TAYLOR, HM AF BRAR, GS MCMICHAEL, BL TAYLOR, HM TI HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF COTTON ROOTS AS INFLUENCED BY PLANT-AGE AND ROOTING MEDIUM SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID ION-TRANSPORT; WATER; SYSTEMS; PRESSURE; CONDUCTANCE; FLOW AB Models of water extraction by plant root systems often contain the basic assumption that hydraulic conductivity of the root system is a constant value. An experiment was conducted to determine if plant age or rooting medium environmental conditions affected hydraulic conductivity of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) roots. Hydraulic conductivity was measured by the pressure outflow method at 12, 24, 36, and 48 d after planting (DAP) on roots grown in both hydroponics and sand. Hydraulic conductivity decreased 45% in nutrient-solution-grown and 57% in sand-grown roots from 12 DAP to the mean of 24, 36, and 48 DAP. Hydraulic conductivity of sand-grown roots was 4 to 10 times lower than that for roots grown hydroponically, whether conductivity was compared at equal DAP or at equal root length. C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,RT 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT AGRON HORT & ENTOMOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1991 VL 83 IS 1 BP 264 EP 266 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA EY095 UT WOS:A1991EY09500054 ER PT J AU BERRY, JS KEMP, WP ONSAGER, JA AF BERRY, JS KEMP, WP ONSAGER, JA TI INTEGRATION OF SIMULATION-MODELS AND AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR MANAGEMENT OF RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Substantial amounts of knowledge and data exist that could be used for management of rangeland grasshoppers in the western United States. However, much of this information is not available or is in a format that is not useful to people making management decisions. One method of consolidating, assimilating, and delivering useful information to managers is by using microcomputers. A previously developed prototype expert system for selection of treatment options for rangeland grasshoppers was refined and embedded in a menu-driven user interface. Simulation models of grasshopper population dynamics and forage growth were integrated into the system. The grasshopper model was used directly by the expert system and, with the forage model, in economic analysis of potential treatments identified by the expert system. This decision support system brings together expert system and quantitative analysis technologies to address a problem that could not be addressed by either technology working alone. The system was released to extension agents, land managers, and ranchers in March 1990. RP BERRY, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1991 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA FA920 UT WOS:A1991FA92000001 ER PT J AU RAUSCHER, HM AF RAUSCHER, HM TI APPLYING AI TO FOREST SCIENCE SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material RP RAUSCHER, HM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,1831 HIGHWAY 169 E,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1991 VL 5 IS 2 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA FX002 UT WOS:A1991FX00200001 ER PT J AU SCHMOLDT, DL AF SCHMOLDT, DL TI SIMULATION OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES USING FUZZY VARIABLES SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Qualitative modelling can help us understand and project effects of multiple stresses on trees. It is not practical to collect and correlate empirical data for all combinations of plant/environments and human/climate stresses, especially for mature trees in natural settings. Therefore, a mechanistic model was developed to describe ecophysiological processes. This model is qualitative and incorporates symbolic descriptions of important variables and their relationships. Fuzzy values, such as "zero," "low," "moderate," etc., are used to express quantity and change in the model. A current application of this fuzzy variable model examines the interaction of drought and ozone stresses on a mature ponderosa pine tree. As new empirical results become available, the model can be modified to include realistic baseline values and specific mathematical relationships. RP SCHMOLDT, DL (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP 3 EP 16 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA GQ088 UT WOS:A1991GQ08800002 ER PT J AU MCROBERTS, RE SCHMOLDT, DL RAUSCHER, HM AF MCROBERTS, RE SCHMOLDT, DL RAUSCHER, HM TI ENHANCING THE SCIENTIFIC PROCESS WITH ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE - FOREST SCIENCE APPLICATIONS SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Forestry, as a science, is a process for investigating nature. It consists of repeatedly cycling through a number of steps, including identifying knowledge gaps, creating knowledge to fill them, and organizing, evaluating, and delivering this knowledge. Much of this effort is directed toward creating abstract models of natural phenomena. The cognitive techniques of AI, with their emphasis on knowledge and thinking, can help scientists create, manipulate, and evaluate these models. The steps of the scientific process can be enhanced with five cognitive techniques from AI: neural networks, machine learning, advisory systems, knowledge management, and qualitative simulation. For each technique, we identify the steps of the scientific process to which it can be applied, provide background for the technique, and identify current or potential applications in forestry. RP MCROBERTS, RE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1991 VL 5 IS 2 BP 5 EP 26 PG 22 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA FX002 UT WOS:A1991FX00200002 ER PT J AU EKBLAD, SL HAMILTON, WT STUTH, JW CONNER, JR AF EKBLAD, SL HAMILTON, WT STUTH, JW CONNER, JR TI RANGECON - A MANAGEMENT EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING SUCCESS OF SELECTED RANGE IMPROVEMENT PRACTICES SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Decision support systems are currently used in range management to help ranch managers and agricultural agency personnel make strategic resource management plans. Individual management skills and managerial environment have not been considered when predicting biological and economic response to range management practices. Risk for individual managers adopting unsuited technology in relation to managerial ability needs to be factored into decision support systems. A knowledge-based system (RangeCon) was developed to evaluate managerial skills, a firm's management environment, and technical complexity of the improvement practices to assess whether appropriate technology has been matched with a manager's abilities. Seventeen attributes were derived from a hierarchy of domain experts, including one primary expert and two secondary experts who were interviewed personally, and 80 agency/academic and rancher tertiary experts interviewed by questionnaire. Responses from the tertiary experts were used to assign weight to values of the object/attribute/value triplet. Face validation method was used to compare the system's performance to expert opinion. RP EKBLAD, SL (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,ECOL SCI & PLANNING STAFF,S NATL TECH CTR,POB 6567,FT WORTH,TX 76115, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1991 VL 5 IS 3 BP 9 EP 20 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA FY500 UT WOS:A1991FY50000002 ER PT J AU TWERY, MJ AF TWERY, MJ TI SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION WITH AN INTELLIGENT GIS - PREDICTING SPECIES COMPOSITION FROM TOPOGRAPHY SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Rule-based methods are a useful alternative framework for scientific investigation. The incorporation of intelligent functions in a geographic information system provides a means to generate new information. Rules to classify ridges and channels in a triangular irregular network model to estimate slope position demonstrate the usefulness of this framework. A study, using these techniques in Arc/ Info, was undertaken to predict forest cover type from topographic position. We can now determine, for example, whether species composition can be predicted from elevation and topographic position alone, or whether added geologic, pedologic, or hydrologic data are necessary in species composition prediction. RP TWERY, MJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,180 CANFIELD ST,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1991 VL 5 IS 2 BP 45 EP 53 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA FX002 UT WOS:A1991FX00200005 ER PT J AU BERRY, JS AF BERRY, JS TI MACHINE LEARNING FOR NATURAL-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Software Review RP BERRY, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP 75 EP 75 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA GQ088 UT WOS:A1991GQ08800007 ER PT J AU BERRY, JS AF BERRY, JS TI AIM INVESTIGATOR (495-DOLLARS) AND AIM PROBLEM SOLVER (1495-DOLLARS) SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Software Review RP BERRY, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP 78 EP 78 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA GQ088 UT WOS:A1991GQ08800009 ER PT J AU RAUSCHER, HM JOHNSON, S AF RAUSCHER, HM JOHNSON, S TI AUTHORING HYPERTEXT DOCUMENTS USING HYPERWRITER SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Note RP RAUSCHER, HM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1991 VL 5 IS 2 BP 116 EP 119 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA FX002 UT WOS:A1991FX00200008 ER PT J AU HUNG, ACF AF HUNG, ACF TI FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION OF 2 PROTEINS SPECIFIC TO AFRICANIZED HONEY-BEES SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Two proteins with pI ca. 5.7 and MW of ca. 42k and 52k daltons are now found to be specific to A. m. scutellata and Africanized honey bees. Although some individual bees have both proteins, most of them have only one of the two. Using these two proteins as markers, at least six bee colonies can be identified per day by anyone with minimal training. RP HUNG, ACF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 131 IS 1 BP 41 EP 43 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ER771 UT WOS:A1991ER77100018 ER PT J AU CHU, GL STUTZ, HC SANDERSON, SC AF CHU, GL STUTZ, HC SANDERSON, SC TI MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMIC POSITION OF SUCKLEYA-SUCKLEYANA (CHENOPODIACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article AB Contrary to taxonomic descriptions, female flowers of Suckleya suckleyana have four perianth segments rather than two bracts. Consequently, Suckleya suckleyana belongs in the tribe Chenopodieae, family Chenopodiaceae, instead of tribe Atripliceae. Since it is the only member of tribe Chenopodieae with unisexual flowers and superior radicles, it is proposed that it be assigned to a new subtribe, Suckleyinae. C1 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT BOT & RANGE SCI,PROVO,UT 84602. US FOREST SERV,SHRUB SCI LAB,PROVO,UT 84601. RP CHU, GL (reprint author), NW NORMAL UNIV,INST BOT,LANZHOU 730070,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 78 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.2307/2445228 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EW167 UT WOS:A1991EW16700006 ER PT J AU KELLEY, DS BRANCH, LB LOVE, JE TAYLOR, PC RIVERA, YM IACONO, JM AF KELLEY, DS BRANCH, LB LOVE, JE TAYLOR, PC RIVERA, YM IACONO, JM TI DIETARY ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID AND IMMUNOCOMPETENCE IN HUMANS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE DIETARY FAT; N-3 FATTY ACIDS; ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; HUMANS; IMMUNE STATUS; CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY; DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY; PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ-P; CONCANAVALIN-A ID UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; FISH OIL; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION; MITOGENIC RESPONSE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CELL; LIPIDS; PROSTAGLANDIN-E2; MODULATION AB We examined the effect of dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on the indices of immunocompetence in 10 healthy free-living men (age 21-37 y) who consumed all meals at the Western Human Nutrition Research Center for 126 d. There was a stabilization period of 14 d at the start when all 10 subjects consumed basal diet (BD) and there were two intervention periods of 56 d each. Five of the subjects consumed the basal diet and the other five consumed flax-seed-oil diet (FD) during each intervention period. Feeding of FD suppressed the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells when they were cultured with phytohemagglutinin-P (P = 0.041) and concanavalin A (P = 0.054) and the delayed hypersensitivity response to seven recall antigens (NS). Concentrations of immunoglobulins in serum, C3, C4, salivary IgA, the numbers of helper cells, suppressor cells, and total T and B cells in the peripheral blood were not affected by the diets. C1 LETTERMAN ARMY MED CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. RP KELLEY, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 43 TC 100 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 1 BP 40 EP 46 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA EQ394 UT WOS:A1991EQ39400007 PM 1670594 ER PT J AU RAITEN, DJ REYNOLDS, RD ANDON, MB ROBBINS, ST FLETCHER, AB AF RAITEN, DJ REYNOLDS, RD ANDON, MB ROBBINS, ST FLETCHER, AB TI VITAMIN-B6 METABOLISM IN PREMATURE-INFANTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE; GESTATIONAL AGE; TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION ID PYRIDOXAL 5'-PHOSPHATE; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; WHOLE-BLOOD; HUMAN-MILK; PLASMA; THEOPHYLLINE; PYRIDOXAL-5'-PHOSPHATE; SUPPLEMENTATION; DEFICIENCY; PHOSPHATE AB The response of premature infants to intravenous pyridoxine or pyridoxal was was studied by measuring serum and erythrocyte pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). In the first study serum PLP was measured in 28 infants periodically through day 28. Infants < 30 wk gestational age (GA) had no serum PLP response to the administration of pyridoxine. Infants greater-than-or-equal-to 30 wk GA had significantly greater concentrations of PLP by day 3. In the second study there was a negligible response of serum PLP in nine infants less-than-or-equal-to 28 wk GA to supplementation of pyridoxine or pyridoxal. However, erythrocyte PLP and whole-blood total vitamin B-6 concentrations increased in both groups, indicating the presence of a substantial amount of the vitamin in the circulation of the infants. Whereas the functional significance of these observations is not known, it appears that in premature infants, serum PLP may not be an appropriate indicator of vitamin B-6 status. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BLDG 307,ROOM 216,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CHILDRENS HOSP,NATL MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20010. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 1 BP 78 EP 83 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA EQ394 UT WOS:A1991EQ39400014 PM 1898584 ER PT J AU HOFMANN, A REYNOLDS, RD SMOAK, BL VILLANUEVA, VG DEUSTER, PA AF HOFMANN, A REYNOLDS, RD SMOAK, BL VILLANUEVA, VG DEUSTER, PA TI PLASMA PYRIDOXAL AND PYRIDOXAL 5'-PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATIONS IN RESPONSE TO INGESTION OF WATER OR GLUCOSE POLYMER DURING A 2-H RUN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE AEROBIC EXERCISE; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; FREE FATTY ACIDS; GLUCOSE; GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE; LACTATE; VITAMIN-B6 ID MUSCLE PHOSPHORYLASE; PROLONGED EXERCISE; VITAMIN-B6; RAT; CARBOHYDRATE; METABOLISM; RECOVERY; HUMANS; LIVER AB The effects of ingesting a glucose polymer solution (GP) or water (W) on plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxal (PL) concentrations were compared in six men (age: 30 +/- 2 y; VO2max: 57.4 +/- 3.2 mL.kg-1. min(-1) under running (R) and control (C) conditions. Subjects ran for 2 h at 60-65% of VO2max for R and remained standing for C. For both R and C, 200 mL W or GP was ingested before (o-time) and every 30 min while running (30, 60, and 90 min). Plasma PLP decreased to 95% and 87% of 0-time at 180 min for WC and GPC and increased to 126% and 119% at 90 min and to 124% and 119% at 120 for WR and GPR. By 60 min postrun, plasma PLP was 98% (WR) and 101% (GPR) of 0-time. There were no significant differences between W and GP condition. Changes in PLP were not related to plasma volume or blood glucose, free fatty acids, lactate, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, or alanine aminotransferase. No significant changes in plasma PL were noted. Exercise induces an increase in plasma PLP were noted. Exercise induces an increase in plasma PLP, perhaps due to transfer of B-6 vitamers from liver to skeletal muscle. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,SCH MED,DEPT MIL MED,HUMAN PERFORMANCE LAB,4301 JONES BRIDGE RD,BETHESDA,MD 20814. USDA,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Deuster, Patricia/G-3838-2015 OI Deuster, Patricia/0000-0002-7895-0888 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 1 BP 84 EP 89 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA EQ394 UT WOS:A1991EQ39400015 PM 1984351 ER PT J AU SINGH, A SMOAK, BL PATTERSON, KY LEMAY, LG VEILLON, C DEUSTER, PA AF SINGH, A SMOAK, BL PATTERSON, KY LEMAY, LG VEILLON, C DEUSTER, PA TI BIOCHEMICAL INDEXES OF SELECTED TRACE MINERALS IN MEN - EFFECT OF STRESS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ZINC; IRON; COPPER; SELENIUM; CREATINE KINASE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; FERRITIN; CERULOPLASMIN; INTERLEUKIN-6 ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN-1; IRON; PATHOGENESIS; EXERCISE; SELENIUM; ZINC AB Plasma zinc, iron, copper, and selenium and selected blood proteins were measured in 66 men before (BHW) and after (AHW) a 5-d period of sustained physical and psychological stress call Hell Week. Recovery blood samples were obtained from 26 men 7 d after Hell Week. Dietary intakes were determined BHW and during Hell Week; zinc, iron, copper, and selenium intakes during Hell Week averaged 23.6 +/- 3.4 mg/d, 35.4 +/- 3.9 mg/d, 3.0 +/- 0.5 mg/d, and 92.5 +/- 26.7 mu-g/d, respectively. C-reactive protein was detected in only five subjects BHW and in all subjects AHW. Zinc, iron, selenium, and albumin decreased by 33%, 44%, 12% and 9%, respectively, whereas ferritin, ceruloplasmin, and creatine kinase concentrations increased AHW by 59%, 8%, and 266%, respectively. Haptoglobin concentrations increased 57% in 30 subjects but decreased 32% in 23 subjects AHW. The biochemical changes were transitory because protein (except ferritin) and mineral concentrations were similar to BHW values 7 d after Hell Week. Hell Week induced changes characteristic of an acute-phase response in physically active men. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48104. USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SINGH, A (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MIL MED,4301 JONES BRIDGE RD,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. RI Deuster, Patricia/G-3838-2015 OI Deuster, Patricia/0000-0002-7895-0888 NR 26 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 1 BP 126 EP 131 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA EQ394 UT WOS:A1991EQ39400022 PM 1984337 ER PT J AU JACQUES, PF CHYLACK, LT AF JACQUES, PF CHYLACK, LT TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE OF A ROLE FOR THE ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS AND CAROTENOIDS IN CATARACT PREVENTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CATARACT; VITAMIN-C; VITAMIN-E; CAROTENOIDS; NUTRITION SURVEY ID GALACTOSE-INDUCED CATARACTS; ASCORBIC-ACID; LENS; PHOTOPEROXIDATION; TOCOPHEROL; PLASMA; OXYGEN AB The relationship between antioxidant nutrient status and senile cataract was examined in 77 subjects with cataracts and 35 control subjects with clear lenses. Subjects with low (below the 20th percentile) and moderate (20th-80th percentiles) plasma nutrient and nutrient intake levels of vitamin C, vitamin E, and carotenoids were compared with subjects with high levels (above the 80th percentile). The odds ratio (OR) of cortical (CX) cataract among subjects with low plasma carotenoid levels was 7.2 (P < 0.05) and the OR of posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataract for persons with low plasma vitamin C was 11.3 (P < 0.10). Low vitamin C intake was associated with an increased risk of CX (OR = 3.7, P < 0.10) and PSC (OR = 11.0, P < 0.05) cataract. Subjects who consumed fewer than 3.5 servings of fruit or vegetables per day had an increased risk of both CX (OR = 5.0, P < 0.05) and PSC cataract (OR = 12.9, P < 0.01). C1 HARVARD UNIV, SCH MED, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. MASSACHUSETTS EYE & EAR HOSP, BOSTON, MA 02114 USA. CTR CLIN CATARACT RES, BOSTON, MA USA. RP TUFTS UNIV, USDA ARS, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 24 TC 119 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 1 SU S BP S352 EP S355 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ER128 UT WOS:A1991ER12800026 PM 1985409 ER PT J AU TROUT, DL AF TROUT, DL TI VITAMIN-C AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS AND BETA-CAROTENE IN DISEASE PREVENTION CY OCT 02-04, 1989 CL LONDON, ENGLAND DE ASCORBIC ACID; HYPERTENSION; CHOLESTEROL; DIABETES-MELLITUS; SMOKING; SEX; AGE FACTORS ID ASCORBIC-ACID; BLOOD-PRESSURE; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; DIABETES-MELLITUS; COMPONENTS; DIETARY; HDL AB The concept that ascorbic acid (vitamin C) supplementation protects against coronary heart disease developed in the late 1970s when vitamin C intakes in industrialized nations were lower than at present. Supplementation was then shown to lower plasma total cholesterol and, among some elderly men, to raise high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, among people in initially good vitamin C nutriture, these effects are usually not seen. In five populations of essentially healthy people, blood pressure has been found to correlate negatively with vitamin C status. Recently, in a placebo-controlled, double-blinded study, extra ascorbic acid for 6 wk was observed to lower systolic and pulse pressure in a small group of borderline hypertensive subjects. RP TROUT, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,ROOM 315,BLDG 307,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 1 SU S BP S322 EP S325 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ER128 UT WOS:A1991ER12800022 PM 1985405 ER PT J AU ROUTH, CR TRIPLETT, DA MURPHY, MJ FELICE, LJ SADOWSKI, JA BOVILL, EGT AF ROUTH, CR TRIPLETT, DA MURPHY, MJ FELICE, LJ SADOWSKI, JA BOVILL, EGT TI SUPERWARFARIN INGESTION AND DETECTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SUPERWARFARIN COMPOUNDS; BRODIFACOUM; RODENTICIDES; 2ND-GENERATION ANTICOAGULANT RODENTICIDES; VITAMIN-K ID PROLONGED ANTICOAGULATION; BRODIFACOUM; RODENTICIDE AB Because of the emergence of warfarin resistance, new potent long-acting anticoagulants are now readily available in several over-the-counter rodenticide products. The availability of these "superwarfarin" compounds has led to accidental and purposeful human ingestions, one of which has resulted in a death. We summarize the prior case reports and report a second death. In addition, we report the availability of an assay to detect the presence of brodifacoum (a superwarfarin compound) in human plasma and tissues. C1 BALL MEM HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,MUNCIE,IN 47303. UNIV MINNESOTA,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET DIAGNOST INVEST,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV VERMONT,DEPT PATHOL,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. RP ROUTH, CR (reprint author), BALL MEM HOSP,DEPT MED EDUC,MUNCIE,IN 47303, USA. NR 26 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 36 IS 1 BP 50 EP 54 DI 10.1002/ajh.2830360111 PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA EP257 UT WOS:A1991EP25700010 PM 1984683 ER PT J AU ZILLIKENS, MC CONWAY, JM AF ZILLIKENS, MC CONWAY, JM TI ESTIMATION OF TOTAL-BODY WATER BY BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS IN BLACKS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE CHILDREN; SKINFOLDS; DENSITY; MASS; WEIGHT C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENERGY & PROTEIN NUTR LAB,BLDG 308,RM 318,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1042-0533 J9 AM J HUM BIOL JI Am. J. Hum. Biol. PY 1991 VL 3 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1002/ajhb.1310030106 PG 8 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA EZ012 UT WOS:A1991EZ01200004 ER PT J AU LICHTER, DT LECLERE, FB MCLAUGHLIN, DK AF LICHTER, DT LECLERE, FB MCLAUGHLIN, DK TI LOCAL MARRIAGE MARKETS AND THE MARITAL BEHAVIOR OF BLACK-AND-WHITE WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; SEX-DIFFERENCES; FAMILY; RATES; PERSPECTIVES; PATTERNS; ENTRY; LABOR; RACE C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV AGR & RURAL ECON,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON & RURAL SOCIOL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. PENN STATE UNIV,POPULAT ISSUES RES CTR,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP LICHTER, DT (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT SOCIOL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. RI Lichter, Daniel/F-3941-2010 OI Lichter, Daniel/0000-0002-0292-1415 NR 55 TC 206 Z9 207 U1 0 U2 11 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9602 J9 AM J SOCIOL JI Am. J. Sociol. PD JAN PY 1991 VL 96 IS 4 BP 843 EP 867 DI 10.1086/229610 PG 25 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA EU459 UT WOS:A1991EU45900002 ER EF