FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU ASHWORTH, EN WISNIEWSKI, ME AF ASHWORTH, EN WISNIEWSKI, ME TI RESPONSE OF FRUIT TREE TISSUES TO FREEZING TEMPERATURES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT COLLOQUIUM AT THE 85TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOC FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE / 33RD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE CANADIAN SOC FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE CY AUG 09, 1988 CL EAST LANSING, MI SP AMER SOC HORT SCI, CANADIAN SOC HORT SCI ID PEACH FLOWER BUDS; CELL-WALL PERMEABILITY; STEM TISSUES; COLD HARDINESS; PRUNUS-PERSICA; WOODY-PLANTS; APPLE TWIGS; INJURY; XYLEM; WATER C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP ASHWORTH, EN (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT HORT,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAY PY 1991 VL 26 IS 5 BP 501 EP 504 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FM714 UT WOS:A1991FM71400014 ER PT J AU CALLAHAN, A SCORZA, R MORGENS, P MANTE, S CORDTS, J COHEN, R AF CALLAHAN, A SCORZA, R MORGENS, P MANTE, S CORDTS, J COHEN, R TI BREEDING FOR COLD HARDINESS - SEARCHING FOR GENES TO IMPROVE FRUIT-QUALITY IN COLD-HARDY PEACH GERMPLASM SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT COLLOQUIUM AT THE 85TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOC FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE / 33RD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE CANADIAN SOC FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE CY AUG 09, 1988 CL EAST LANSING, MI SP AMER SOC HORT SCI, CANADIAN SOC HORT SCI ID POLYGALACTURONASE GENE; EXPRESSION; PLANTS; TRANSFORMATION; REGENERATION; CULTIVARS RP CALLAHAN, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAY PY 1991 VL 26 IS 5 BP 522 EP 526 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FM714 UT WOS:A1991FM71400019 ER PT J AU ABBOTT, JD BRUTON, BD PATTERSON, CL AF ABBOTT, JD BRUTON, BD PATTERSON, CL TI FUNGICIDAL INHIBITION OF POLLEN GERMINATION AND GERM-TUBE ELONGATION IN MUSKMELON SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INVITRO; CUCUMIS-MELO; FUNGICIDE RATES AB Four fungicides were evaluated for their effects on in vitro pollen germination of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars TAM-Uvalde and Magnum 45. Cupric hydroxide, mancozeb, and chlorothalonil reduced the percentage of pollen that germinated and rate and length of germ-tube elongation, regardless of cultivar. Benomyl had very little overall effect on pollen germination or germ-tube elongation. With the effective pollination period of almost-equal-to 10 to 14 days in commercial production, each day is critical for maximum crown set. Based on our results, some fungicides may be contributing to reduced fruit set in muskmelon. C1 USDA ARS,POB 159,LANE,OK 74555. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,WES WATKINS AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,LANE,OK 74555. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAY PY 1991 VL 26 IS 5 BP 529 EP 530 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FM714 UT WOS:A1991FM71400021 ER PT J AU FRANCOIS, LE AF FRANCOIS, LE TI YIELD AND QUALITY RESPONSES OF GARLIC AND ONION TO EXCESS BORON SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALLIUM-CEPA; A-SATIVUM; PERCENT SOLIDS; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; BORON TOLERANCE ID TOLERANCE AB This study, conducted in large, outdoor sand cultures, was initiated to determine the effects of excess B on garlic (Allium sativum L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.) and to establish their B tolerances as measured by yield and quality of the marketable product. Boron treatments were imposed by irrigation with culture solutions that contained 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, or 20.0 mg B/liter. Relative yields of garlic and onion were reduced 2.7% and 1.9% with each unit (mg.liter-1) increase in soil solution B (B(sw)) above 4.3 and 8.9 mg B/liter, respectively. Increasing B(sw) reduced garlic bulb weight and diameter but did not significantly affect onion bulb weight or diameter. Boron concentration in leaves and bulbs was directly correlated to B(sw). RP FRANCOIS, LE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALINITY LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAY PY 1991 VL 26 IS 5 BP 547 EP 549 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FM714 UT WOS:A1991FM71400029 ER PT J AU FRANCOIS, LE DONOVAN, TJ MAAS, EV AF FRANCOIS, LE DONOVAN, TJ MAAS, EV TI CALCIUM DEFICIENCY OF ARTICHOKE BUDS IN RELATION TO SALINITY SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CYNARA-SCOLYMUS; BOTRYTIS-SP; SOIL SALINITY; TRANSPIRATION; ROOT PRESSURE ID TOMATO FRUIT; TRANSPORT; NUTRIENT; CABBAGE; PLANTS; LEAVES AB Globe artichokes (Cynara scolymus L.) were grown for 2 years in artificially salinized field plots in the irrigated desert area near Brawley, Calif. Saline treatments were imposed by irrigation with waters that contained equal weights of NaCl and CaCl2. Increased incidence and severity of Ca deficiency in the inner bracts of artichoke buds were directly related to increased levels of salinity. The Ca-deficient bracts were subject to infection by species of Botrytis and Erwinia. The number of marketable artichokes was reduced 20% or more when irrigation water salinity exceeded 2.0 dS.m-1, and up to 50% at 10 dS.m-1. Calcium deficiency in the artichoke bud is believed to be the result of disparate Ca distribution among the tissues, which is caused by high transpiration rates in the desert environment and the reduction in root pressure by soil salinity. Elemental analysis of leaf tissues can not be used to predict Ca deficiency within the artichoke buds. RP FRANCOIS, LE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALINITY LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAY PY 1991 VL 26 IS 5 BP 549 EP 553 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FM714 UT WOS:A1991FM71400030 ER PT J AU YELENOSKY, G AF YELENOSKY, G TI APPARENT NUCLEATION AND FREEZING IN VARIOUS PARTS OF YOUNG CITRUS TREES DURING CONTROLLED FREEZES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SEQUENTIAL FREEZING; ICE PROPAGATION; EXOTHERMS; FREEZE INJURY; CITRUS-SINENSIS ID COLD HARDINESS; INJURY; TISSUES; WATER AB One- to 4-year-old sweet orange trees, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Valencia on rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.) rootstock, were used in a series of tests on the depth and stability of supercooling in various parts of greenhouse-grown trees held in pots during controlled freezes. Thermocouples were attached to flowers, fruit, leaves, and wood. Supercooling levels were inconsistent, ranging from -3C to -7C. Nucleation was spontaneous and well defined by sharp exotherms. Rapid progression of crystallization (almost-equal-to 60 cm.min-1) indicated no major obstacles to ice propagation throughout the tree above soil level. The site of initial freezing was variable, with a tendency for trees to freeze from the base of the stem toward the top. The location of tissue damage did not necessarily correspond to the location of initial freeze event. Freezing in the wood often preceded freezing of flowers. RP YELENOSKY, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAY PY 1991 VL 26 IS 5 BP 576 EP 579 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FM714 UT WOS:A1991FM71400041 ER PT J AU SOWA, S ROOS, EE ZEE, F AF SOWA, S ROOS, EE ZEE, F TI ANESTHETIC STORAGE OF RECALCITRANT SEED - NITROUS-OXIDE PROLONGS LONGEVITY OF LYCHEE AND LONGAN SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LITCHI-CHINENSIS; DIMOCARPUS-LONGAN ID BOVINE HEART AB Seeds of the recalcitrant species lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) and longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) were stored near 100% relative humidity at 8 to 10C in air, 80% nitrous oxide (N2O) plus 20% oxygen, or 100% nitrous oxide. The combination of anesthetic and oxygen extended storage longevity of both species. Seeds stored in 100% N2O lost germinability at the same rate as those stored in air. Lychee seeds retained 92% of initial germination after 12 weeks under 80% N2O/20% O2, while those under air retained only 44%. Longan seeds failed to germinate after 7 weeks under air, yet retained 70% of their initial germination under 80% N2O/20% O2. The combination of anesthetic and oxygen atmospheres could provide a new approach to recalcitrant seed storage. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,HILO,HI 96720. RP SOWA, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAY PY 1991 VL 26 IS 5 BP 597 EP 599 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FM714 UT WOS:A1991FM71400050 ER PT J AU KRASZEWSKI, AW AF KRASZEWSKI, AW TI MICROWAVE AQUAMETRY - NEEDS AND PERSPECTIVES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-MOISTURE MEASUREMENT AB Determination of moisture content or water content in materials with microwave radiation has several advantages over other electrical methods applying lower frequencies. Problems concerning the development of microwave equipment for those purposes are reviewed. Trends of further development of the instrumentation and research concepts are considered. RP KRASZEWSKI, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,AGR RECH INST,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 18 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 39 IS 5 BP 828 EP 835 DI 10.1109/22.79110 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA FG964 UT WOS:A1991FG96400011 ER PT J AU WEAVER, PL AF WEAVER, PL TI ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS AFFECT FOREST COMPOSITION IN THE LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS OF PUERTO-RICO SO INTERCIENCIA LA English DT Article DE PHYTOSOCIOLOGY; GRADIENT ANALYSIS; TROPICAL RAIN FOREST ID RAIN AB Twenty-five groups of 3 plots stratified by topography (ridge, slope and valley) were established at 50-m elevational increments between 620 and 970 m elevation in the colorado forest of the Luquillo Mountains in Puerto Rico. Reciprocal averaging ordinations of the sample plot data produced groupings by topography, aspect and elevation. Reciprocal averaging also indicated environmental preferences for 39 tree species in a complex, montane habitat. Direct gradient analyses of 20 common tree species also showed topographic, aspectual and elevational preferences within the mountains. RP WEAVER, PL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,50 FOREST EXPT STN,CALL BOX 25000,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. NR 41 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU INTERCIENCIA PI CARACAS PA APARTADO 51842, CARACAS 1050A, VENEZUELA SN 0378-1844 J9 INTERCIENCIA JI Interciencia PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 16 IS 3 BP 142 EP 151 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN599 UT WOS:A1991FN59900006 ER PT J AU URI, ND GILL, M AF URI, ND GILL, M TI DEMAND FOR GASOLINE AND DIESEL FUEL BY FARMERS IN THE USA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DIESEL FUEL DEMAND; ENERGY AND US AGRICULTURE; ENERGY PRICE EFFECTS; GASOLINE DEMAND; STRUCTURAL STABILITY AB This study endeavours to determine whether farmers in the USA adjust their consumption of gasoline and diesel fuel in response to changes in the relative prices of different types of energy. A demand model is specified and estimated. The conclusions suggest that the price of gasoline (diesel fuel) is a factor impacting the quantity of gasoline (diesel fuel) demanded by farmers, but there is no indication that other types of energy are substitutes for gasoline (diesel fuel). Additionally, the level of farming activity is a very important factor driving the demand for gasoline (diesel fuel). Finally, the estimated models of gasoline and diesel fuel demand are structurally stable over the period 1971-1988. RP URI, ND (reprint author), USDA,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0363-907X J9 INT J ENERG RES JI Int. J. Energy Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 15 IS 4 BP 289 EP 299 DI 10.1002/er.4440150405 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA FP145 UT WOS:A1991FP14500004 ER PT J AU DAUGHTRY, CST RANSON, KJ BIEHL, LL AF DAUGHTRY, CST RANSON, KJ BIEHL, LL TI C-BAND BACKSCATTERING FROM CORN CANOPIES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION CANOPIES; MICROWAVE EMISSION; SOIL-MOISTURE; SCATTEROMETER AB A frequency-modulated continuous-wave C-band (4.8 GHz) scatterometer was mounted on an aerial lift truck and backscatter coefficients of corn (Zea mays L.) were acquired as functions of polarizations, view angles and row directions. As phytomass and green-leaf area index increased, the backscatter also increased. Near anthesis, when the canopies were fully developed, the major scattering elements were located in the upper 1 m of the 2.8 m tall canopy and little backscatter was measured below that level for view angles of 30-degrees or greater. C-band backscatter data could provide information to monitor tillage operations at small view zenith angles and vegetation at large view zenith angles. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,TERR PHYS LAB,EARTH RESOURCES BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771. PURDUE UNIV,APPLICAT REMOTE SENSING LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP DAUGHTRY, CST (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,REMOTE SENSING RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Ranson, Kenneth/G-2446-2012 OI Ranson, Kenneth/0000-0003-3806-7270 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1097 EP 1109 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA FM211 UT WOS:A1991FM21100015 ER PT J AU HAGENMAIER, RD SHAW, PE AF HAGENMAIER, RD SHAW, PE TI PERMEABILITY OF SHELLAC COATINGS TO GASES AND WATER-VAPOR SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Shellac was coated onto highly permeable polymer films and its permeability calculated from measured values of permeance for coated and uncoated films. At 75% relative humidity and 30-degrees-C, the O2 and CO2 permeability was 230 and 803 cc mil/(m2 day atm), respectively, for Shellac coatings cast from ethanol. Over a wide range of relative humidities the water vapor permeability was 0.9-2.1 g mil/(m2 day mmHg) for Shellac coatings cast from 2-propanol. Coatings made from water-soluble shellac were more permeable, especially at high values of relative humidity. RP HAGENMAIER, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,S ATLANTIC AREA,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 17 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 39 IS 5 BP 825 EP 829 DI 10.1021/jf00005a001 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FM516 UT WOS:A1991FM51600001 ER PT J AU EVANS, JJ HIMMELSBACH, DS AF EVANS, JJ HIMMELSBACH, DS TI INCORPORATION OF PEROXIDASE INTO SYNTHETIC LIGNIN SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB A synthetic lignin was produced by using coniferyl alcohol, horseradish peroxidase, and H2O2. The lignin contained 9.4% protein which was contributed by the peroxidase, probably by cross-linking of the tyrosine residues from the protein to the monomeric or polymeric intermediates during the reaction. Solid-state NMR results indicated that the peroxidase had been incorporated into the lignin and that it was an integral part of the whole polymer and not merely a contaminant. RP USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 39 IS 5 BP 830 EP 832 DI 10.1021/jf00005a002 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FM516 UT WOS:A1991FM51600002 ER PT J AU CHAPMAN, GW HORVAT, RJ FORBUS, WR AF CHAPMAN, GW HORVAT, RJ FORBUS, WR TI PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL-CHANGES DURING THE MATURATION OF PEACHES (CV MAJESTIC) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DELAYED LIGHT-EMISSION; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; NONVOLATILE ACIDS; FRUIT; COMPONENTS; CULTIVARS; SUGARS; MONROE; LIPIDS AB Nonvolatile acids, sugars, and aroma volatiles from Majestic peaches were measured during maturation from 54 to 126 days after flowering. The highest levels of sucrose, lowest quinic acid levels, and second maximum malic/citric acid ratio occurred when mesocarp dry matter and seed reached their highest weight. Linalool, benzaldehyde, gamma-decalactone, and delta-decalactone increased significantly during the final stages of maturation with gamma-decalactone being the principal volatile compound. The increased levels of volatiles also closely paralleled seed and mesocarp growth. Pit lignification was complete about 50 days before the seed and mesocarp fully developed. Sucrose, quinic acid, malic/citric acid ratio, and major volatiles either singly or in combination appear to be useful indices for determining physiological maturity in the mesocarp and seed of Majestic peaches. RP CHAPMAN, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 22 TC 87 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 39 IS 5 BP 867 EP 870 DI 10.1021/jf00005a010 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FM516 UT WOS:A1991FM51600010 ER PT J AU CHRASTIL, J AF CHRASTIL, J TI GELATION OF CALCIUM ALGINATE - INFLUENCE OF RICE STARCH OR RICE FLOUR ON THE GELATION KINETICS AND ON THE FINAL GEL STRUCTURE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STORAGE; PRODUCT; GRAINS AB Gelation of calcium alginate in the presence of rice starch or flour was studied. Rate constants, structural diffusion resistance constants, diffusion coefficients, and activation energies of gelation were determined from the gelation time curves. The heterogeneous structural resistance constants were independent of temperature but in the mixtures of calcium alginate with starch depended strongly on the quantity of starch. Activation energy of calcium alginate gelation was 4777 cal/mol. In the presence of rice starch or flour the heterogeneous structural resistance and the activation energy of gelation (9623 cal/mol) increased and the gelation rate decreased. The addition of rice starch or flour to calcium alginate resulted in coarser and more rigid gels with decreased elasticity and resistance to twist and shear. Some of these structural properties of the final gel, for example, the coarseness and rigidity, could be characterized by the kinetic constants of gelation. Because these changes were proportional to the amount of rice starch or flour added to the alginate, it was possible to regulate the viscoelastic properties of calcium alginate gels in this manner. RP CHRASTIL, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 39 IS 5 BP 874 EP 876 DI 10.1021/jf00005a012 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FM516 UT WOS:A1991FM51600012 ER PT J AU PANTER, KE GALEY, FD JAMES, LF MOLYNEUX, RJ PAUSCH, RD STAIGMILLER, RB SHORT, RE AF PANTER, KE GALEY, FD JAMES, LF MOLYNEUX, RJ PAUSCH, RD STAIGMILLER, RB SHORT, RE TI PONDEROSA PINE NEEDLE INDUCED PARTURITION IN CATTLE - ANALYSIS FOR PRESENCE OF MYCOTOXINS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ABORTION; MICE AB Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) needles were fed to pregnant beef cows. Mean gestation lengths of 250.6 days for winter pine needles (PN) and 253.2 days for summer PN were reduced (p < 0.001) compared to controls (274.8 days). The levels of nine mycotoxins in fresh Ponderosa PN from trees, old PN from the ground, dry PN from trees, and PN collected from trees cut in the winter and summer were below detectable limits. The mycotoxins evaluated included aflatoxins B1, B2, and G1, zearalenone, zearalenol, ochratoxin, T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), and deoxynivalenol (DON). All of the collections of PN analyzed were either known to induce or believed to induce abortion in cattle. Inadequate cleanup prevented evaluation of zearalenone and zearalenol in winter-collected PN and dry PN from trees and T-2 toxin and DAS in winter-collected PN, fresh PN collected from trees, old PN from the ground, and dry PN collected from live trees. Pine needles collected from trees cut in the summer induced early parturition in 100% of the pregnant cows fed these PN and were successfully evaluated for all nine mycotoxins; however, levels were below detectable limits. The mycotoxins evaluated in this study do not appear to be involved in PN abortion. RP PANTER, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 39 IS 5 BP 927 EP 929 DI 10.1021/jf00005a025 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FM516 UT WOS:A1991FM51600025 ER PT J AU HAMILTONKEMP, TR LOUGHRIN, JH ARCHBOLD, DD ANDERSEN, RA HILDEBRAND, DF AF HAMILTONKEMP, TR LOUGHRIN, JH ARCHBOLD, DD ANDERSEN, RA HILDEBRAND, DF TI INHIBITION OF POLLEN GERMINATION BY VOLATILE COMPOUNDS INCLUDING 2-HEXENAL AND 3-HEXENAL SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SEED-GERMINATION; FLAVOR COMPOUNDS; LEAF VOLATILES; COMPONENTS; LEAVES AB Vapors emitted from macerated tomato leaves inhibit germination of apple pollen. Compounds from the leaves were trapped on Tenax and identified by GC-MS. Authentic samples of the tomato leaf components and other volatiles were bioassayed for inhibition of germination, and the amounts of these compounds in the bioassay dish vapor phase were estimated by direct headspace analysis. The lipoxygenase-lyase-derived volatiles, (Z)-3-hexenal and (E)-2-hexenal, were important factors in the inhibition of pollen germination. Phenylpropanoid-derived compounds can also inhibit germination, but nonpolar compounds tested, such as terpene hydrocarbons, had little or no effect on apple pollen germination. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP HAMILTONKEMP, TR (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 39 IS 5 BP 952 EP 956 DI 10.1021/jf00005a031 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FM516 UT WOS:A1991FM51600031 ER PT J AU NORDBY, HE MCDONALD, RE AF NORDBY, HE MCDONALD, RE TI RELATIONSHIP OF EPICUTICULAR WAX COMPOSITION OF GRAPEFRUIT TO CHILLING INJURY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE STORAGE; BRASSICA-OLERACEA; MARSH GRAPEFRUIT; CUTICULAR WAXES; LEAVES; FRUITS; CUTICLES; LEAF AB Cold storage affects amounts of alkanes, squalene, and long-chain aldehydes in the epicuticular wax of grapefruit. Levels of these components were determined in fresh grapefruit prior to cold storage and in temperature-conditioned and nonconditioned fruit after storage at various times and temperatures. Levels of C27-C33 alkanes and C28-C34 aldehydes declined during storage. An increase in squalene, C23-C25 alkanes, and C24-C26 aldehydes occurred at the previously determined optimal temperature for synthesizing squalene and temperature-conditioning grapefruit against chilling injury, e.g., 15-degrees-C. The synthesis of these three compounds could be turned on or off by moving the fruit back and forth between 5 and 15-degrees-C. Squalene and the C24 and C26 aldehydes were preferentially extracted from the epicuticular wax within 10 s. Fruit dewaxed prior to temperature conditioning at 15-degrees-C failed to produce squalene and the C24 and C26 aldehydes. Fruit dewaxed partially with hexane or with chloroform showed increased amounts of chilling injury in 5-degrees-C storage compared with control fruit; more lipids were extracted with chloroform, and these fruit showed the most injury. RP NORDBY, HE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 39 IS 5 BP 957 EP 962 DI 10.1021/jf00005a032 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FM516 UT WOS:A1991FM51600032 ER PT J AU CUTLER, HG HIMMELSBACH, DS YAGEN, B ARRENDALE, RF JACYNO, JM COLE, PD COX, RH AF CUTLER, HG HIMMELSBACH, DS YAGEN, B ARRENDALE, RF JACYNO, JM COLE, PD COX, RH TI KONINGININ-B - A BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE CONGENER OF KONINGININ A FROM TRICHODERMA-KONINGII SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Koninginin B, a biologically active natural product related to koninginin A, was isolated from Trichoderma koningii, an organism isolated from the roots and soil line of a Diffenbachia sp. The compound, which inhibited the growth of etiolated wheat coleoptiles 100% at 10(-3) M, was a white, finely crystalline compound with molecular formula C16H26O4 and a melting point of 72-74-degrees-C. The structure was established as 8-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxyheptyl)-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-1-benzopyran-5-one by comparison with koninginin A, UV, IR, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, and MS. C1 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,FAC MED,SCH PHARM,IL-91120 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. GLAXO INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. PHILIP MORRIS USA RES CTR,RICHMOND,VA 23261. RP CUTLER, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 8 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 39 IS 5 BP 977 EP 980 DI 10.1021/jf00005a035 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FM516 UT WOS:A1991FM51600035 ER PT J AU CHEN, PK POLATNICK, M LEATHER, G AF CHEN, PK POLATNICK, M LEATHER, G TI COMPARATIVE-STUDY ON ARTEMISININ, 2,4-D, AND GLYPHOSATE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QINGHAOSU ARTEMISININ; ANNUA AB Artemisinin is an antimalarial agent isolated from Artemisia annua. Recently, it has been demonstrated that this allelochemical is a selective phytotoxin. A comparative study was made between artemisinin and two commonly used herbicides, 2,4-D and glyphosate. At 5-mu-M all these compounds inhibited root induction in mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) seedling cuttings. Artemisinin exerted the same level of inhibition in growth as glyphosate. However, at the enzymatic level, artemisinin, unlike 2,4-D and glyphosate, inhibited peroxidase synthesis and showed no direct effect on tyrosinase activity. Both 2,4-D and glyphosate showed direct inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity. Only 2,4-D increased to a high level the synthesis and secretion of peroxidase. C1 USDA ARS,FREDERICK,MD 21701. RP CHEN, PK (reprint author), GEORGETOWN UNIV,DEPT BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20057, USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 39 IS 5 BP 991 EP 994 DI 10.1021/jf00005a038 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FM516 UT WOS:A1991FM51600038 ER PT J AU KARNS, JS TOMASEK, PH AF KARNS, JS TOMASEK, PH TI CARBOFURAN HYDROLASE - PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; SOIL; BIODEGRADATION; INSECTICIDES; DISPOSAL; PROTEIN AB The enzyme that hydrolyzes the carbamate linkage of N-methylcarbamate insecticides in extracts of a carbofuran-degrading bacterium (Achromobacter sp.) was purified to homogeneity by high-performance liquid chromatography on TSK-DEAE and TSK-Phenyl columns followed by gel filtration chromatography on Bio-Gel A0.5m. The enzyme preparation was stabilized at all stages of the purification regimen by manganese ions. Carbofuran hydrolase cosedimented with yeast alcohol dehydrogenase in sucrose density gradient centrifugation, indicating a molecular size of 150 000 Da. SDS-PAGE of the purified enzyme indicated that it was composed of two subunits. Dialysis of the purified enzyme preparation against buffer containing EDTA resulted in the complete inactivation of the enzyme. Addition of MnCl2 to the reaction mixture restored the activity to 70% of its original level. No other divalent cations could replace Mn as an activator. The purified carbofuran hydrolase had no urease activity. RP KARNS, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,ROOM 100,BLDG 050,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 39 IS 5 BP 1004 EP 1008 DI 10.1021/jf00005a041 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FM516 UT WOS:A1991FM51600041 ER PT J AU ZORRILLARIOS, J HORN, GW PHILLIPS, WA MCNEW, RW AF ZORRILLARIOS, J HORN, GW PHILLIPS, WA MCNEW, RW TI ENERGY AND PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION OF AMMONIATED WHEAT STRAW DIETS FOR GROWING STEERS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AMMONIATED FEEDS; WHEAT STRAW; SUPPLEMENTATION; PROTEIN UTILIZATION ID LOW QUALITY ROUGHAGES; ANHYDROUS AMMONIA; CONCENTRATE DIETS; VOLUNTARY INTAKE; FEEDING VALUE; BEEF-CATTLE; SHEEP; PERFORMANCE; DIGESTION; DIGESTIBILITY AB Eighty-eight yearling beef steers (308 +/- 1.4 kg) were used in two separate trials to determine the protein-sparing value of the N added to wheat straw during the ammoniation process and to determine the effects of supplementing ammoniated straw diets with energy and ruminal escape protein. In Exp. 1, steers were fed untreated straw (US) with either 0, 150, or 500 g of soybean meal (SBM) for 88 d. The addition of SBM to US diets increased (P < .01) straw intake and average daily gains (ADG), indicating that N was limiting. When ammoniated straw (AS) was substituted for US, the N in the AS was used as efficiently as 500 g of SBM for growth. In Exp. 2, steers had ad libitum access to AS with three levels of supplemental corn (0, 1.23, or 2.45 kg DM.animal-1.d-1) either with or without .41 kg DM of corn gluten meal (CGM) added. Straw intake decreased (P < .01) as the amount of corn in the diet was increased, but ADG increased (P < .01) with the addition of corn. Straw consumption was not altered by the addition of CGM, but ADG was increased (P < .01) by an average .35 kg by CGM. Rumen and blood N components indicated that the N from AS was contributing to the ruminal N pool and that CGM was compensating for microbial protein deficiencies postruminally. C1 OKLAHOMA AGR EXPTL STN,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA ARS,FORAGE & LIVEST RES LAB,EL RENO,OK 73036. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1809 EP 1819 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW981 UT WOS:A1991FW98100001 PM 2066292 ER PT J AU NUNEZDOMINGUEZ, R CUNDIFF, LV DICKERSON, GE GREGORY, KE KOCH, RM AF NUNEZDOMINGUEZ, R CUNDIFF, LV DICKERSON, GE GREGORY, KE KOCH, RM TI HETEROSIS FOR SURVIVAL AND DENTITION IN HEREFORD, ANGUS, SHORTHORN, AND CROSSBRED COWS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; CROSSBREEDING; FEMALES; LONGEVITY; TEETH ID GENERAL COMBINING ABILITY; PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY; 5-BREED DIALLEL; BEEF-COWS; CATTLE; REPRODUCTION; PERFORMANCE; AGE AB Records of 328 Angus, Hereford, Shorthorn, and first-cross cows produced from 1960 to 1963 were used to estimate heterosis (h) and individual (g(I)) and maternal (g(M)) average breed effects on cumulative survival (CS) by ages to 12 yr, longevity (L), and size (SI) and condition of incisors at 10 to 15 yr of age. Reasons for cow disposal were also studied. The 155 cows born in 1960 and 1961 first calved at 3 yr of age, and the 173 born in 1962 and 1963 first calved at 2 yr of age. Analyses for CS and L were done for both actual culling of cows open in two consecutive years (AC) and imposed culling of any open cow (IC). The model for CS and L included cow birth year-breed of cow's sire (Y-S), sires within Y-S, breed of dam (D), and D x Y-S. For SI, the model included breed of cow, year of recording, and quadratic effect of age. Linear contrasts were used to estimate h, g(I), and g(M) for quantitative variables, and chi-square was used for discrete variables. Under both AC (P < .05) and IC, crossbreds exceeded straightbreds in CS to 12 yr (16.7 and 8.5%) and L (1.36 and .99 yr). Estimates of g(I) and g(M) for CS and L were generally small, except for the low (P < .05) g(M) of Shorthorn cows under IC. Mortality and culling for emaciation, cancer eye, or prolapse was less for crossbreds than for straightbreds and increased with age. Crossbreds had longer (P < .01) and better (P < .001) teeth than straightbreds. The longer productive life of crossbred cows reduces rearing costs for replacements and increases sales of calves and cull cows. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP NUNEZDOMINGUEZ, R (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI A218,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1885 EP 1898 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW981 UT WOS:A1991FW98100009 PM 2066299 ER PT J AU YOUNG, LD DICKERSON, GE AF YOUNG, LD DICKERSON, GE TI COMPARISON OF BOOROOLA MERINO AND FINNSHEEP - EFFECTS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF MATES AND PERFORMANCE OF CROSSBRED LAMBS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SHEEP; FINNISH LANDRACE; AUSTRALIAN MERINO; FECUNDITY; REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS; GROWTH TRAITS ID FINNISH-LANDRACE; TASMANIAN-MERINO; SHEEP; BREED; SIRE AB Booroola Merino (BM) and Finnsheep (FS) rams were mated to FS and crossbred (CO) ewes to compare their effects on the productivity of their mates and the performance of their progeny. Effects of breed of ram and the interaction of breed of ram x breed of ewe were not significant for fertility, total number born, number born alive, litter birth weight, or number of lambs weaned by the ewe or in the nursery. Birth weights of FS- and BM-sired lambs were equal, but FS-sired lambs were heavier at weaning and 147 d of age. Compared with BM-sired lambs, survival from birth to weaning of dam-reared lambs was greater for FS-sired lambs produced by CO dams than for FS-sired lambs produced by FS dams. At a constant live weight, FS-sired lambs had a heavier carcass with less external fat thickness than BM-sired lambs. Percentage of ewe lambs reaching puberty was lowest and age at puberty was highest for the BM x CO cross; relatively small differences existed between the other three genotypes for these traits. Ewe lambs sired by BM had a greater ovulation rate than FS-sired ewe lambs. Embryo mortality was greater in BM x CO ewe lambs than in ewe lambs of the other three genotypes; the difference was larger for ewes with three ovulations than for ewes with two ovulations. The net result was that BM x CO ewe lambs averaged slightly fewere lambs born than FS x CO ewes. The BM x FS ewe lambs had larger litters than the FS ewes due to a substantially higher ovulation rate and only a slightly lower overall embryo survival rate. With the exception of ovulation rate and litter size, FS rams produced lambs with a more desirable level of performance than did BM rams. RP YOUNG, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1899 EP 1911 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW981 UT WOS:A1991FW98100010 PM 2066300 ER PT J AU FERRELL, CL AF FERRELL, CL TI MATERNAL AND FETAL INFLUENCES ON UTERINE AND CONCEPTUS DEVELOPMENT IN THE COW .1. GROWTH OF TISSUES OF THE GRAVID UTERUS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BOVINE; FETAL GROWTH; PLACENTA; CARUNCLES; COTYLEDONS ID SHEEP PLACENTA; PREGNANCY AB Objectives of this study were to evaluate maternal and fetal influences on development of gravid uterine tissues of cows. Brahman cows with Brahman or Charolais fetuses and Charolais cows with Brahman or Charolais fetuses were used. Cows were killed 232 +/- .5 or 271 +/- .7 d after mating. The gravid uterus of each cow was weighed and dissected into its component parts. Weights of the fetus, fetal membranes, cotyledons, caruncles, and uterus were recorded as were weights of the fetal liver, heart, kidneys, spleen, lungs, stomach complex, intestines, and semitendinosus muscle. Ribonucleic acid, DNA, and protein concentrations in caruncles, cotyledons, liver, heart, kidney, and semitendinosus muscle were determined. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance; breed of cow (C), breed of fetus (F), day of gestation (D), and all interactions were included in the model as fixed effects. Fetal weights were influenced (P < .003) by C, F, D, and C x D and tended (P = .07) to be influenced by C x F x D. Weight, RNA, DNA, and protein contents of selected fetal tissues followed similar patterns of significance. Thus, both maternal and fetal genotype influenced fetal growth. Greater influences of the maternal system and interrelationships between maternal and fetal systems were observed at the latter stage of gestation. Placentomal (caruncle + cotyledon) weights were greater for Charolais than for Brahman cows (P < .02) or fetuses (P < .001) and were greater (P < .01) at 271 than at 232 d. Caruncular weights followed similar patterns; however, fetal genotype was the only significant source of variation in cotyledonary weight, RNA, DNA, or protein content. These results demonstrate that maternal uterine environment influences fetal growth and suggest those influences may be mediated, in part, by growth and function of caruncular tissues. RP FERRELL, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 25 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1945 EP 1953 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW981 UT WOS:A1991FW98100015 PM 1712353 ER PT J AU FERRELL, CL AF FERRELL, CL TI MATERNAL AND FETAL INFLUENCES ON UTERINE AND CONCEPTUS DEVELOPMENT IN THE COW .2. BLOOD-FLOW AND NUTRIENT FLUX SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BLOOD FLOW; UTERUS; FETUS; COWS; GENOTYPES; NUTRIENT UPTAKE ID GRAVID BOVINE UTERUS; PREGNANCY; FETUS; PLACENTA; NUTRITION; ESTROGENS; GESTATION; GROWTH; EWES AB Objectives of this study were to evaluate maternal and fetal influences on uterine and umbilical blood flows and nutrient fluxes of gravid uterine tissues of cows. Brahman cows with Brahman or Charolais fetuses and Charolais cows with Brahman or Charolais fetuses were used. Indwelling catheters were placed into a uterine artery and vein, an umbilical vein, and a fetal femoral artery and vein at 220 +/- .4 d after mating. Uterine and umbilical blood flows (liters/min) and net uptakes of oxygen, glucose, lactate, alpha-amino N, urea N, ammonia N, and estrone sulfate by the gravid uterus, fetus, and uteroplacenta were determined on d 227 +/- .4. Uterine blood flows in Brahman cows with Brahman (5.01) or Charolais (4.66) fetuses were similar but less (P < .001) than in Charolais cows with Brahman (7.14) or Charolais fetuses (9.24), which differed (P < .01). Umbilical blood flows of Charolais (3.78) were greater (P < .01) than those of Brahman (2.29) fetuses. Rate of placental D2O clearance as well as net fetal uptake of oxygen, glucose, and alpha-amino N, gravid uterine uptake of alpha-amino N, and uteroplacental uptake of glucose and release of estrone sulfate were greater with Charolais than with Brahman fetuses. Gravid uterine oxygen uptake and estrone sulfate release and gravid uterine and uteroplacental lactate output were influenced by the interaction between cow and fetal breed. It is suggested that fetal growth may be limited by uterine blood flow and by function of the uteroplacenta, particularly in late gestation. RP FERRELL, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 35 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 69 IS 5 BP 1954 EP 1965 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW981 UT WOS:A1991FW98100016 PM 2066304 ER PT J AU YEN, JT NIENABER, JA HILL, DA POND, WG AF YEN, JT NIENABER, JA HILL, DA POND, WG TI POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF ABSORBED VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS TO WHOLE-ANIMAL ENERGY REQUIREMENT IN CONSCIOUS SWINE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; PORTAL VEIN; ABSORPTION; VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS; HEAT PRODUCTION; ENERGY REQUIREMENTS ID GROWING SWINE; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; DIGESTIVE-TRACT; LARGE-INTESTINE; VFA PRODUCTION; DIETARY FIBER; PORTAL-VEIN; ABSORPTION; PIGS; ALFALFA AB Chronic cannulas were placed in the hepatic portal vein, ileal vein, and carotid artery in seven crossbred growing gilts trained to consume once daily 1.2 kg of a 16% CP corn-soybean meal diet. Eleven days after surgery, each pig (37.4 kg BW) was placed in an open-circuit calorimeter and its cannulas were connected to a system for determining portal absorption of nutrients. The whole-animal heat production and net portal absorption of gut VFA were measured simultaneously for 12 h after the pig was fed 1.2 kg of feed. Plasma concentrations of VFA, including acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids, in portal and arterial samples were determined by gas chromatography after a cleanup by ion-exchange chromatography. The net portal absorption of VFA was calculated by multiplying the porto-arterial plasma concentration difference of the VFA by portal vein plasma flow. Plasma flow was estimated by the indicator-dilution technique using p-aminohippuric acid as the indicator. The energy value of absorbed VFA was the sum of products of each individual VFA multiplied by its corresponding value of the heat of combustion. The mean hourly energy value of absorbed VFA during the 12-h postprandial period was .65 +/- .03 kcal.h-1.kg BW-1. The mean hourly whole-animal heat production was 2.70 +/- .04 kcal.h-1.kg BW-1. Thus, in our 37.4-kg pigs, which were trained to consume 1.2 kg of a 16% CP corn-soybean meal diet once daily, the gut VFA absorbed into the portal vein could contribute 23.8 +/- 1.1% to whole-animal heat production if all of the absorbed VFA were combusted to CO2. RP YEN, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 30 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 69 IS 5 BP 2001 EP 2012 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW981 UT WOS:A1991FW98100022 PM 2066310 ER PT J AU MCGUIRE, MA BEEDE, DK COLLIER, RJ BUONOMO, FC DELORENZO, MA WILCOX, CJ HUNTINGTON, GB REYNOLDS, CK AF MCGUIRE, MA BEEDE, DK COLLIER, RJ BUONOMO, FC DELORENZO, MA WILCOX, CJ HUNTINGTON, GB REYNOLDS, CK TI EFFECTS OF ACUTE THERMAL-STRESS AND AMOUNT OF FEED-INTAKE ON CONCENTRATIONS OF SOMATOTROPIN, INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR (IGF)-I AND IGF-II, AND THYROID-HORMONES IN PLASMA OF LACTATING HOLSTEIN COWS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DAIRY CATTLE; HEAT STRESS; FEED INTAKE; SOMATOTROPIN; IGF-I; IGF-II; THYROID HORMONES ID DAIRY-COWS; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; MILK-PRODUCTION; MAMMARY TISSUE; SOMATOMEDIN-C; YOUNG STEERS; FOOD-INTAKE; THYROXINE; METABOLITES; PHYSIOLOGY AB Our objective was to evaluate effects of acute thermal stress, independent of reduced feed intake caused by elevated temperatures, and of reduced feed intake in thermal comfort on plasma concentrations of somatotropin, insulin-like growth factors I and II, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine. Six Holstein cows (averaging 475 +/- 18 kg BW, 2.3 +/- .3 parities, and 96 +/- 12 d in lactation) surgically fitted with catheters in the hepatic portal vein, mesenteric vein, and intercostalis posterior artery were exposed to treatments of thermal comfort environments with ad libitum or restricted (75% of ad libitum) DM intake and a thermal stress environment with ad libitum intake in two balanced 3 x 3 Latin squares. Thermal stress increased rectal temperatures and respiration rates. Dry matter intake of the thermal-stressed cows offered feed ad libitum (11.1 +/- .7 kg/d) was similar to the experimentally imposed reduction in DM intake of the thermal comfort restricted group (11.5 +/- .7 kg/d). Dry matter intake of cows in thermal comfort was 15.1 +/- .7 kg/d. Plasma somatotropin concentrations tended (P < .08) to decrease during thermal stress but were unchanged by amount of feed intake in thermal comfort environments. Concentrations of IGF-I were not affected by treatments. Concentrations of IGF-II tended (P < .14) to increase with thermal stress compared with thermal comfort treatments. Thyroxine concentrations tended (P < .15) to increase in the thermal stress treatment compared with the thermal comfort restricted intake treatment. Triiodothyronine tended (P < .11) to decrease with restriction in feed intake in the thermal comfort environment. Overall, effects of nutrition and thermal stress did not markedly alter concentrations of metabolic hormones in lactating dairy cows. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD AGR SCI,DEPT DAIRY SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. MONSANTO CO,CHESTERFIELD,MO 63198. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 34 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 69 IS 5 BP 2050 EP 2056 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW981 UT WOS:A1991FW98100028 PM 2066314 ER PT J AU REXROAD, CE POWELL, AM AF REXROAD, CE POWELL, AM TI EFFECT OF SERUM-FREE COCULTURE AND SYNCHRONY OF RECIPIENTS ON DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURED SHEEP EMBRYOS TO FETUSES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SHEEP; EMBRYOS; CULTURE MEDIA; SERUM; SYNCHRONIZATION ID OVIDUCT EPITHELIAL-CELLS; INVITRO; STAGE; PIGS AB The percentage of sheep embryos that continued to develop after collection and immediate transfer on d 2 after estrus was similar when phosphate-buffered saline with 10% fetal calf serum (PBSFCS, 45%), physiological saline (50%), or tissue culture medium 199 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (M199FCS, 47%) was used to flush embryos from oviducts. Co-culture of sheep embryos for 3 d with oviductal cells tended (P = .1) to reduce the percentage of embryos that developed to fetuses after transfer compared with those embryos transferred immediately. Tissue culture medium 199 supplemented with .3% BSA (M199BSA) was an adequate substitute for M199FCS for culture of sheep oviductal cells if tissue culture wells were pretreated with fibronectin. Estradiol in concentrations from 10 to 1,000 pg/ml and progesterone at concentrations of 1 or 10 ng/ml in M199BSA failed to stimulate embryo development during 3 d of co-culture beyond that seen in co-culture with M199FCS or M199BSA without added steroid. Transfer of sheep embryos co-cultured for 3 d in M199BSA or M199FCS to recipients synchronized with donors resulted in about 19% of the embryos developing to fetuses, whereas transfer to recipients that were in estrus 24 h after donors resulted in 33% of embryos developing to fetuses. The significant (P < .05) improvement for delayed recipients may reflect the relatively lesser developmental rate of co-cultured embryos compared with that of embryos in vivo. Embryo development into fetuses was similar after co-culture in M199FCS or M199BSA co-cultures; therefore, serum is not required for the co-culture of sheep embryos. RP REXROAD, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVEST & POUL SCI,REPROD LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 69 IS 5 BP 2066 EP 2072 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW981 UT WOS:A1991FW98100030 PM 2066316 ER PT J AU CHEN, GJ RUSSELL, JB AF CHEN, GJ RUSSELL, JB TI EFFECT OF MONENSIN AND A PROTONOPHORE ON PROTEIN-DEGRADATION, PEPTIDE ACCUMULATION, AND DEAMINATION BY MIXED RUMINAL MICROORGANISMS INVITRO SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PEPTIDES; PROTEIN; DEGRADATION; MONENSIN; AMMONIA ID AMINO-ACIDS; RUMEN MICROORGANISMS; BACTERIA INVITRO; FERMENTATION; TRANSPORT; AMMONIA; GROWTH AB Mixed ruminal bacteria (80 mg N/liter) degraded casein and soluble soy protein rapidly (.68 and .72 mg N/[liter.min], respectively), but ammonia was produced at a slower rate (.08 and .10 mg N/[liter.min], respectively). Because there was little increase in cell protein, ammonia production could not account for all the degraded protein. Large quantities of non-ammonia, non-protein nitrogen (NAN-NPN) accumulated, and this NAN-NPN reacted more strongly (2- to 14-fold) with ninhydrin after it was treated with 6 N HCl (110-degrees-C, 24 h) or pronase E. Even after 96 h of incubation, 10% of the protein N was still found in the NAN-NPN pool. Monensin had little effect on protein degradation, but it caused a large decrease in ammonia production (P < .05) and an increase in NAN-NPN (P < .05). These results indicated that significant quantities of peptide N could not be degraded by ruminal microorganisms and that monensin could increase peptide flow from the rumen. Because 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanide, a protonophore that inhibits both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, did not cause a greater decrease (P > .05) in ammonia than monensin, an ionophore that is primarily effective against Gram-positive bacteria, it seemed that the "protein sparing" of monensin could largely be explained by its inhibition of Gram-positive bacteria. C1 USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP CHEN, GJ (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 30 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 69 IS 5 BP 2196 EP 2203 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW981 UT WOS:A1991FW98100044 PM 1829725 ER PT J AU HARE, PE FOGEL, ML STAFFORD, TW MITCHELL, AD HOERING, TC AF HARE, PE FOGEL, ML STAFFORD, TW MITCHELL, AD HOERING, TC TI THE ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF CARBON AND NITROGEN IN INDIVIDUAL AMINO-ACIDS ISOLATED FROM MODERN AND FOSSIL PROTEINS SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARBON ISOTOPES; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; BONE; COLLAGEN; AMINO ACIDS; DIET; DIAGENESIS; FOSSIL PROTEIN ID BONE; FRACTIONATION; COLLAGEN; RATIOS C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HARE, PE (reprint author), CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,GEOPHYS LAB,5251 BROAD BRANCH RD,WASHINGTON,DC 20015, USA. RI Fogel, Marilyn/M-2395-2015 OI Fogel, Marilyn/0000-0002-1176-3818 NR 34 TC 250 Z9 255 U1 4 U2 41 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 18 IS 3 BP 277 EP 292 PG 16 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA FN201 UT WOS:A1991FN20100005 ER PT J AU DAWSONHUGHES, B HARRIS, S DALLAL, GE AF DAWSONHUGHES, B HARRIS, S DALLAL, GE TI SERUM IONIZED CALCIUM, AS WELL AS PHOSPHORUS AND PARATHYROID-HORMONE, IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PLASMA 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3 CONCENTRATION IN NORMAL POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D METABOLISM; PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; 1,25-(OH)2-VITAMIN-D CONCENTRATIONS; RENAL-INSUFFICIENCY; DIETARY CALCIUM; D AXIS; PHOSPHATE; 1,25-DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL; 25-HYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL; DEPRIVATION AB Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and low-normal serum phosphorus (P) concentrations have well-known trophic effects on renal 1-hydroxylase. A role for serum ionized calcium (Ca2+) in the day-to-day regulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] has not been identified in normal humans. The associations between serum Ca2+, PTH, P, and plasma 1,25-(OH)2D3 were evaluated in a cross-sectional study of 275 healthy postmenopausal women. Partial correlations of Ca2+, PTH, and P (each controlled for the other two) with 1,25-(OH)2D3 were sought within quintiles of Ca2+. At low-normal concentrations (< 1.26 mmol/liter, quintile 1) Ca2+ was inversely correlated with 1,25-(OH)2D3 (r(p) = -0.30, p = 0.028). At midnormal concentrations Ca2+ was not significantly correlated with 1,25-(OH)2D3. At high-normal concentrations (> 1.32 mmol/liter, quintile 5) Ca2+ attenuated the positive associations of both PTH and low-normal P with 1,25(OH)2D3. In quintile 5 Ca2+, PTH, and P together accounted for none of the variability in 1,25-(OH)2D3 (R2 = 0.03, p = 0.671). Women with Ca2+ below 1.32 mmol/liter were next examined by quintile of P. As expected, at low-normal concentrations (< 1.03 mmol/liter, quintile 1) P was significantly correlated with 1,25-(OH)2D3, (r(p) = -0.32, p = 0.047). The association between PTH and 1,25-(OH)2D3 was statistically significant only at midnormal concentrations of P (r(p) = 0.52, p = 0.001, quintile 3). We conclude that Ca2+, along with PTH and P, is associated with the plasma concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in normal postmenopausal women. RP DAWSONHUGHES, B (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,CALCIUM & BONE METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 6 IS 5 BP 461 EP 468 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA GZ109 UT WOS:A1991GZ10900005 PM 2068951 ER PT J AU LEONHARDT, BA MASTRO, VC SCHWARZ, M TANG, JD CHARLTON, RE PELLEGRINITOOLE, A WARTHEN, JD SCHWALBE, CP CARDE, RT AF LEONHARDT, BA MASTRO, VC SCHWARZ, M TANG, JD CHARLTON, RE PELLEGRINITOOLE, A WARTHEN, JD SCHWALBE, CP CARDE, RT TI IDENTIFICATION OF SEX-PHEROMONE OF BROWNTAIL MOTH, EUPROCTIS-CHRYSORRHOEA (L) (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BROWNTAIL MOTH; EUPROCTIS-CHRYSORRHOEA (L); LEPIDOPTERA AB A unique sex attractant pheromone was isolated and identified from extracts of ovipositor tips from the female browntail moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). The pheromone compound, (Z,Z,Z,Z)-7,13,16,19-docosatetraen-1-ol isobutyrate, CH3CH2CH = CHCH2CH = CHCH2CH = CH(CH2)4CH = CH(CH2)6O2CCH(CH3)2, was identified by a combination of gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and microreactions and was confirmed by synthesis. Traps baited with 5-50-mu-g of the synthetic pheromone, dispensed from rubber septa treated with an antioxidant and a UV stabilizer, gave male moth captures that were comparable to traps baited with three virgin females. Higher (250-mu-g) and lower (0.04-2.5-mu-g) quantities of the synthetic pheromone on septa captured somewhat fewer males. Captures were the same for similar quantities of the natural and synthetic pheromone. Minor, inactive components in the tip extract were identified as a mixture of 7- and 8-pentacosanone. C1 USDA,APHIS,OTIS METHODS DEV LAB,OTIS AFB,MA 02542. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP LEONHARDT, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 17 IS 5 BP 897 EP 910 DI 10.1007/BF01395598 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN016 UT WOS:A1991FN01600007 PM 24259074 ER PT J AU PETERSON, JK HARRISON, HF AF PETERSON, JK HARRISON, HF TI ISOLATION OF SUBSTANCE FROM SWEET-POTATO (IPOMOEA-BATATAS) PERIDERM TISSUE THAT INHIBITS SEED-GERMINATION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALLELOPATHY; SEED GERMINATION; INHIBITION; SWEET POTATO; IPOMOEA-BATATAS; PROSO MILLET; PANICUM-MILLIACEUM; VELVETLEAF; ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; TALL MORNING GLORY; IPOMOEA-PURPUREA; REDROOT PIGWEED; AMARANTHUS-RETROFLEXIS ID HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS; ALLELOPATHY; SUPPRESSION; RESIDUES; PLANTS; WEED; CUCUMBER; GROWTH AB Chromatographic procedures were used to isolate inhibitors of seed germination from sweet potato root periderm tissue. The inhibitory activity of all fractions was monitored using a proso millet seed germination bioassay. A single HPLC peak, representing approximately 1.2% of the periderm dry weight, accounted for most of the inhibitory activity. The active fraction was labile in methanolic solution. Further fractionation of this peak by HPLC methods was not successful. In vitro seed germination dose-response relationships were established for the peak. The various seed species exhibited an extremely wide range of sensitivity. The I50 values were 0.16, 0.013 and 0.011 mg/ml for redroot pigweed, velvetleaf, and proso millet, respectively. Tall morning glory was not inhibited by any concentration tested. RP PETERSON, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,VEG LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 17 IS 5 BP 943 EP 951 DI 10.1007/BF01395601 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN016 UT WOS:A1991FN01600010 PM 24259077 ER PT J AU HELLER, SR AF HELLER, SR TI THE NIST/EPA/MSDC MASS-SPECTRAL DATABASE, PC VERSION 3.0 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article RP HELLER, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,BLDG 005,10300 BALTIMORE BLVD,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 31 IS 2 BP 352 EP 354 DI 10.1021/ci00002a602 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA FN009 UT WOS:A1991FN00900026 ER PT J AU HELLER, SR AF HELLER, SR TI PRO-SEARCH, PRO-CITE, AND BIBLIO-LINKS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article RP HELLER, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,BLDG 005,10300 BALTIMORE BLVD,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 31 IS 2 BP 354 EP 355 DI 10.1021/ci00002a603 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA FN009 UT WOS:A1991FN00900027 ER PT J AU SCHNEIDER, KR AF SCHNEIDER, KR TI THE PESTICIDES DISK SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article RP SCHNEIDER, KR (reprint author), USDA,NATL AGR LIB,REFERENCE ROOM 111,10301 BALTIMORE BLVD,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 31 IS 2 BP 355 EP 357 DI 10.1021/ci00002a604 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA FN009 UT WOS:A1991FN00900028 ER PT J AU ELLIS, WA MONTGOMERY, JM THIERMANN, AB AF ELLIS, WA MONTGOMERY, JM THIERMANN, AB TI RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS AS A TAXONOMIC TOOL IN THE STUDY OF PIG ISOLATES BELONGING TO THE AUSTRALIS SEROGROUP OF LEPTOSPIRA-INTERROGANS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEROVAR BRATISLAVA; NORTHERN-IRELAND; UNITED-KINGDOM; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; POMONA; CLASSIFICATION; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; ABORTION AB Restriction endonuclease analysis was performed on DNAs from the type strains of the Australis serogroup of Leptospira interrogans by using 20 restriction enzymes, and the electrophoretic patterns obtained were compared with patterns obtained from 162 Australis serogroup isolates from pigs. It proved to be a quick and reliable method for typing such strains. All of the pig isolates were identified as either serovar bratislava or muenchen. It also showed differences at the subserovar level which may be important in (i) understanding the epidemiology of the Australis serogroup, (ii) the development of suitable vaccines, and (iii) pathogenesis and pathogenicity studies. Two genotypes (B2b and M2) accounted for 92% of isolates from aborted or stillborn piglets, while a third genotype (B2a) was the only one recovered from the brains of piglets with meningitis. C1 USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP ELLIS, WA (reprint author), VET RES LABS,STONEY RD,BELFAST BT4 3SD,ANTRIM,NORTH IRELAND. NR 29 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 29 IS 5 BP 957 EP 961 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FH443 UT WOS:A1991FH44300021 PM 1647408 ER PT J AU WELLS, JG SHIPMAN, LD GREENE, KD SOWERS, EG GREEN, JH CAMERON, DN DOWNES, FP MARTIN, ML GRIFFIN, PM OSTROFF, SM POTTER, ME TAUXE, RV WACHSMUTH, IK AF WELLS, JG SHIPMAN, LD GREENE, KD SOWERS, EG GREEN, JH CAMERON, DN DOWNES, FP MARTIN, ML GRIFFIN, PM OSTROFF, SM POTTER, ME TAUXE, RV WACHSMUTH, IK TI ISOLATION OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI SEROTYPE O157-H7 AND OTHER SHIGA-LIKE-TOXIN-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA-COLI FROM DAIRY-CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BUFFALO CALF DIARRHEA; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; VEROTOXIN; EXTRACTION; INFECTIONS; RESERVOIR; STRAINS; CALVES AB We examined 1,266 fecal specimens from healthy cattle during the investigations of two sporadic cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with raw milk consumption and an outbreak of gastroenteritis and hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7. We collected specimens from heifers, calves, and adult cows on 22 farms, in a stockyard, and in a packing house. We also collected 3 raw hamburger specimens from a restaurant and 23 raw milk samples from two farms. All specimens were examined for E. coli O157:H7 by using sorbitol-MacConkey agar, H immobilization, O157 agglutination, and tissue culture cytotoxicity. E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from 16 heifers or calves and 1 adult cow on 22 farms, 1 stockyard calf, 2 beef specimens, and 1 raw milk sample. Selected fecal specimens were also examined for the presence of other Shiga-like-toxin-producing E. coli (SLTEC) by testing polymyxin B extracts of colony sweeps and then testing individual colonies for toxin production. SLTEC other than O157 was isolated from 8 of 10 farms investigated and from the stockyard; 8% of adult cows and 19% of heifers and calves were positive for SLTEC. Several animals were positive for SLTEC by colony sweep only. This investigation demonstrates that dairy cattle are a reservoir of E. coli O157:H7 and other SLTEC. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. USDA,VET SERV,HARRISBURG,PA 17110. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,LANSING,MI 48909. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WELLS, JG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 425 Z9 436 U1 8 U2 26 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 29 IS 5 BP 985 EP 989 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FH443 UT WOS:A1991FH44300026 PM 2056066 ER PT J AU BAKER, DC PFISTER, JA MOLYNEUX, RJ KECHELE, P AF BAKER, DC PFISTER, JA MOLYNEUX, RJ KECHELE, P TI CYNOGLOSSUM-OFFICINALE TOXICITY IN CALVES SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOUNDS-TONGUE; HORSES; CATTLE C1 USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES LAB,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP BAKER, DC (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 104 IS 4 BP 403 EP 410 DI 10.1016/S0021-9975(08)80150-8 PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA FR059 UT WOS:A1991FR05900007 PM 1678752 ER PT J AU BURTON, JL MCBRIDE, BW KENNEDY, BW BURTON, JH ELSASSER, TH WOODWARD, B AF BURTON, JL MCBRIDE, BW KENNEDY, BW BURTON, JH ELSASSER, TH WOODWARD, B TI SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULIN PROFILES OF DAIRY-COWS CHRONICALLY TREATED WITH RECOMBINANT BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOMATOTROPIN; IMMUNOGLOBULINS AB The objective of this study was to determine the effects of exogenous somatotropin on blood profiles of the major bovine Ig isotypes. Holsteins were treated with either 0, 10.3, or 20.6 mg recombinant bST/d. Subcutaneous injections were started between wk 4 and 5 of lactation and continued for 266 d. Blood samples were collected by coccygeal venipuncture throughout lactation for serum IgG, G1, G2, A, and M concentration determination. Cows treated with 10.3 mg of bST/d exhibited modest increases in mean blood concentrations of IgG (12.4%) and IgG2 (18.4%) relative to the other groups of cows. In addition, treated cows had 10.1% higher average concentration of IgA than controls. Somatotropin did not influence average lactational concentrations of IgG1 or IgM, although the group receiving 10.3 mg/d had higher late lactation concentrations of IgG1 than did the other two groups. However, treatment mean isotype concentrations were always within normal ranges, except for IgG2 from the 10.3 mg/d group, which were higher. The practical significance of elevated serum Ig concentrations observed in the present study is not known. However, the present data do show that bST administered at doses that increased milk yield had no apparent detrimental effect on humoral immunity as measured by blood concentrations of Ig. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV GUELPH,DEPT NUTR SCI,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP BURTON, JL (reprint author), UNIV GUELPH,DEPT ANIM & POULTRY SCI,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1589 EP 1598 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA FP207 UT WOS:A1991FP20700022 PM 1880268 ER PT J AU LEDOUX, DR MARTZ, FA AF LEDOUX, DR MARTZ, FA TI RUMINAL SOLUBILIZATION OF SELECTED MACROMINERALS FROM FORAGES AND DIETS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FORAGE; MIXED DIETS; MACROMINERAL; SOLUBILIZATION ID ELEMENTS; CALCIUM; ALFALFA; PHOSPHORUS; MAGNESIUM; MINERALS; NITROGEN; RELEASE; HERBAGE; PH AB Dry matter disappearance and ruminal solubility of Ca, P, Mg, and K from samples of forages and diets containing these forages were measured. Forages included alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.), fescue hay (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), bromegrass hay (Bromus inermis L.), and corn (Zea mays) silage. Diets were from lactating cow trials conducted by this laboratory and were formulated using the forages listed so that most of the dietary Ca would be supplied by forage. Mineral solubility and DM disappearance were measured in ruminally cannulated cows; nylon bags with samples were incubated for 0, 3, 12, 24, and 48 h. The 0-h bags were only washed with distilled water. For the 0-h samples, more than 60% of the P, Mg, and K in forages and diets was solubilized. However, 45% of the Ca in forages was soluble compared with 36% for diets. Magnesium solubility increased 22% with time for both forages and diets; otherwise, mineral solubilities at 3 h were not different from 0 h. Time for maximum solubility varied; K solubility was maximized by 0 h, Mg and P by 24 h, and Ca by 48 h. Across forages and diets, K was most soluble (99%) followed by Mg (92%), P (72%), and Ca (71%). Ruminal solubilities of K, Mg, and P were similar for forages and diets and averaged 93, 85, and 70%, respectively. Solubility of Ca from forages averaged 63% and was 12 percentage units greater than that of diets. These data indicate that rumen solubilization is not a factor limiting the ruminant's ability to absorb these macrominerals. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP LEDOUX, DR (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,ANIM PHYSIOL & NUTR RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1654 EP 1661 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA FP207 UT WOS:A1991FP20700029 ER PT J AU BECK, RL FALLERT, RF ELTERICH, GJ AF BECK, RL FALLERT, RF ELTERICH, GJ TI EUROPEAN COMMUNITY MILK QUOTAS - IMPACTS AND IMPLICATIONS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MILK QUOTAS; EUROPEAN COMMUNITY MILK QUOTAS; IMPACT OF MILK QUOTAS AB The past decade has been a period of worldwide overproduction of milk, depressed world markets for dairy products, and high costs of dairy price support programs. In response to these problems, the European Community instituted mandatory milk supply quotas in 1984. This study focused on the impacts of quotas on selected member states and the implications for the United States dairy industry of a similar milk supply management program. Conclusions regarding the European Community quota system follow. Milk quotas have been effective in reducing milk supplies and surplus stocks of dairy products in government storage. If milk quotas become permanent, there is the problem of them being capitalized into land values. Quotas have led to a problem of maintaining cash flow for the individual dairy farmer. Lack of effective quota transfer causes serious problems in countries in which regional specialization is occurring. Long-term use of quotas leads to rigidity in the production sector. Thus, even though milk quotas are effective in controlling milk production, there are problems associated with their use. C1 UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT AGR ECON,NEWARK,DE 19711. USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. RP BECK, RL (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGR ECON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1760 EP 1764 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA FP207 UT WOS:A1991FP20700040 ER PT J AU SHIELDS, FD THACKSTON, EL AF SHIELDS, FD THACKSTON, EL TI DESIGNING TREATMENT BASIN DIMENSIONS TO REDUCE COST SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Note C1 USA,WATERWAYS EXPT STN,VICKSBURG,MS 39180. VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,NASHVILLE,TN 37240. RP SHIELDS, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,BOX 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9372 J9 J ENVIRON ENG-ASCE JI J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 117 IS 3 BP 381 EP 386 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1991)117:3(381) PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN173 UT WOS:A1991FN17300009 ER PT J AU BAILEY, JS COX, NA BLANKENSHIP, LC AF BAILEY, JS COX, NA BLANKENSHIP, LC TI A COMPARISON OF AN ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY, DNA HYBRIDIZATION, ANTIBODY IMMOBILIZATION, AND CONVENTIONAL METHODS FOR RECOVERY OF NATURALLY-OCCURRING SALMONELLAE FROM PROCESSED BROILER CARCASSES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FOODS AB Three hundred and ninety raw processed broiler carcasses were obtained from four processing plants and evaluated for the presence of salmonellae by the whole bird rinse procedure. Enzyme immunoassay (Salmonella-Tek(Tm)), colorimetric DNA hybridization (GENE-TRAK(R)), and antibody immobilization (1-2 Test(Tm)) methods were compared to the Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) culture method for detection of salmonellae. All samples were preenriched in buffered peptone water incubated at 37-degrees-C then transferred to and enriched in TT broth (Difco, Detroit, MI) incubated at 42-degrees-C for 24 h. After enrichment, manufacturer's instructions were then followed for "rapid" procedures and the FSIS recovery and confirmation scheme was followed for the cultural method. For each sample, if discrepant results were observed between the four procedures, selective plates were streaked from both the TT selective broth and the GN postenrichment broth (Difco). All samples which were positive after initial sampling of TT broth plus additional positive samples from TT selective and GN postenrichment broths were called confirmed cultural positives. Salmonellae were detected on 71% of the carcasses using confirmed cultural procedures and 65% with FSIS culture. Presumptive salmonellae positive samples were found 66, 71, and 76% of the time with the 1-2 Test, GENE-TRAK, and Salmonella-Tek, respectively. As compared to confirmed culture, only 1.4% false positives were observed with the 1-2 Test and GENE-TRAK, whereas 6% false positives were obtained using Salmonella-Tek. When the false negatives for the four methods were compared to confirmed culture, Salmonella-Tek, GENE-TRAK, 1-2 Test, and FSIS culture had 0.4, 2.5, 7.2, and 8.3%, respectively. The close correlation of these rapid procedures to the conventional procedures warrants consideration of these procedures for detection of salmonellae from broiler chickens. RP BAILEY, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 11 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 54 IS 5 BP 354 EP 356 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA FL374 UT WOS:A1991FL37400005 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, JA MEREDITH, FI LYON, BG NORTON, JD AF ROBERTSON, JA MEREDITH, FI LYON, BG NORTON, JD TI EFFECT OF COLD-STORAGE ON THE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF AU-RUBRUM PLUMS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article AB The effect of cold storage (0-degrees-C) and maturity on the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of plums (cv. 'AU-Rubrum') was determined. The size, weight, soluble solids and total sugar contents of the more mature fruit were significantly higher (P < 0.05) and the "L" and hue angle were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than plums in the less mature class. 'AU-Rubrum' fruit contained glucose, fructose and sorbitol but had no sucrose. Artificially ripening fruit at 20-degrees-C had a significant effect (P < 0.01) on all color values for both maturity 1 and 2 fruit. The titratable acidity and sugar contents of the fruit ripened at 20-degrees-C were lower for ripened than for unripened fruit. Storage of the plums at 0-degrees-C for 5 weeks followed by subsequent ripening at 20-degrees-C had no significant effect on physical, chemical or sensory characteristics. Data indicate that 'AU-Rubrum' plums which have one-half red ground color (maturity 1) will develop full color and complete the normal ripening process. Data also indicate that the plums can be stored for at least 5 weeks at 0-degrees-C without loss of quality and that the cultivar has potential for shipping to distant markets. RP ROBERTSON, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,FOOD QUAL EVALUATION RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 14 IS 2 BP 107 EP 117 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.1991.tb00052.x PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA FL318 UT WOS:A1991FL31800002 ER PT J AU DRAKE, SR MOFFITT, HR KUPFERMAN, EM AF DRAKE, SR MOFFITT, HR KUPFERMAN, EM TI QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF BING AND RAINIER SWEET CHERRIES TREATED WITH GIBBERELLIC-ACID, FOLLOWING FUMIGATION WITH METHYL-BROMIDE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Methyl bromide (MeBr) fumigation did not significantly influence weight loss, fruit color or soluble solids of either 'Bing' or 'Rainier' sweet cherries. MeBr increased pitting and reduced objective and subjective stem color of both cultivars. There was a slight advantage in quality (bruising, pitting and stem color) for the 48g/m3 at 12-degrees-C over the 64g/m3 at 6-degrees-C MeBr treatment. As fumigation temperature increased, bruising and pitting increased and stem color decreased. Use of gibberellic acid resulted in increased firmness for 'Bing' cherries and superior fruit and stem color with less pitting for both 'Bing' and 'Rainier' cherries. RP DRAKE, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 14 IS 2 BP 119 EP 125 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.1991.tb00053.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA FL318 UT WOS:A1991FL31800003 ER PT J AU HORVAT, RJ ARRENDALE, RF DULL, GG CHAPMAN, GW KAYS, SJ AF HORVAT, RJ ARRENDALE, RF DULL, GG CHAPMAN, GW KAYS, SJ TI VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS AND SUGARS OF 3 DIVERSE CULTIVARS OF SWEET-POTATOES [IPOMOEA-BATATAS (L) LAM] SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses of steam distillates from Jewel, Tainung 57 and a breeding line (No. 99) showed qualitative and quantitative differences in constituents. Twenty-one compounds consisting of aldehydes, ketones, furans, pyridine, alcohols, terpenes and palmitic acid were identified. Maltose, sucrose, glucose and fructose were isolated and identified by gas-liquid chromatography. There were no qualitative differences in sugars between the three selections, however, quantitative differences were found in concentration of total sugars. Maltose, the principal sugar formed during cooking, ranged from 0.07% in the breeding line No. 99 to 5.3% in Tainung 57. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP HORVAT, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 56 IS 3 BP 714 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb05363.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA FY154 UT WOS:A1991FY15400029 ER PT J AU MCFEETERS, RF FLEMING, HP AF MCFEETERS, RF FLEMING, HP TI PH EFFECT ON CALCIUM INHIBITION OF SOFTENING OF CUCUMBER MESOCARP TISSUE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EGG-BOX MODEL; METHYLTHYMOL BLUE; FIRMNESS; CATIONS; TEXTURE; STORAGE; PECTIN; DEGRADATION; POTATOES; CARROTS AB The first-order rate of softening of cucumber tissue containing 1.5M NaCl with and without 20 mM added calcium ion was determined from pH 2.5 to 8.6 at 74-degrees-C. Calcium ion had little inhibitory effect on rate of softening when pH was above 5. Below pH 5 the relative effectiveness of calcium in reducing rate of softening increased as pH decreased. This behavior was opposite to that expected if calcium inhibited softening by cross-linking negatively charged pectin carboxyl groups. This was more evidence against that mechanism as an explanation for inhibition of softening by calcium ion in plant tissues. A very large decrease in rate of tissue softening was observed at alkaline pH whether or not calcium was added. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP MCFEETERS, RF (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 23 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 56 IS 3 BP 730 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb05368.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA FY154 UT WOS:A1991FY15400034 ER PT J AU HERNANDEZ, E BAKER, RA CRANDALL, PG AF HERNANDEZ, E BAKER, RA CRANDALL, PG TI MODEL FOR EVALUATING TURBIDITY IN CLOUDY BEVERAGES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SIZE AB A model was developed to simulate diluted emulsions of clouding agents in beverages using uniform latex particles (ULP) at different concentrations and particle sizes ranging from 0.10 to 5.85-mu-m. The model allows determination of optimum concentration and diameter of suspended particles in diluted suspensions. Turbidity measurements showed that, for a given particle concentration, the haze of a diluted suspension reached a maximum when the diameter of the ULP was decreased to 0.2-0.3-mu-m. A comparison of typical citrus oil in water beverage emulsions with diluted ULP suspensions showed that, when size of suspended oil globules was varied, a similar optimum particle size was found. C1 USDA,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33881. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT FOOD SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72703. RP HERNANDEZ, E (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,700 EXPT STN RD,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850, USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 56 IS 3 BP 747 EP 750 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb05373.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA FY154 UT WOS:A1991FY15400039 ER PT J AU SHAW, PE MOSHONAS, MG AF SHAW, PE MOSHONAS, MG TI ASCORBIC-ACID RETENTION IN ORANGE JUICE STORED UNDER SIMULATED CONSUMER HOME CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID VITAMIN-C AB Ascorbic acid levels in 13 types of commercially packaged orange juices and a juice drink were monitored over 5-7 days at 4.5-degrees-C as stored in the original container. Comparable samples stored in an open plastic container were monitored for comparison. In both cases the average ascorbic acid loss was about 1.5-2% per day. These simulated consumer home conditions showed that juice retained an average of 88% of the original ascorbic acid after 1 wk, and 67% after 2 wk in opened containers stored at typical home refrigerator temperatures. RP SHAW, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,US CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,S ATLANTIC AREA,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 56 IS 3 BP 867 EP 868 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb05404.x PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA FY154 UT WOS:A1991FY15400070 ER PT J AU BANZHAF, B MILLS, T AF BANZHAF, B MILLS, T TI UNDERSTANDING THE RPA SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Discussion C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON OFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20013. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 89 IS 5 BP 10 EP 14 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FR450 UT WOS:A1991FR45000006 ER PT J AU GUZO, D DOUGHERTY, EM LYNN, DE BRAUN, SK WEINER, RM AF GUZO, D DOUGHERTY, EM LYNN, DE BRAUN, SK WEINER, RM TI CHANGES IN MACROMOLECULAR-SYNTHESIS OF GYPSY-MOTH CELL-LINE IPLB-LD652Y INDUCED BY AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; DNA-POLYMERASE; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; EARLY GENE; REPLICATION; EXPRESSION; PURIFICATION; DROSOPHILA; INHIBITION AB The aberrant replication of the Autographa californica multiple-enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) in the Lymantria dispar cell line IPLB-Ld652Y was used as a model system for the investigation of factors regulating baculovirus host specificity. A previous study of this system indicates that viral gene expression in infected cells is extremely attenuated and subsequently all cellular and viral protein synthesis is inhibited. In the present study, infection of IPLB-Ld652Y cells with AcMNPV photochemically inactivated in situ resulted in a rapid reduction in cell mitotic indices and cell growth, as well as inducing a series of distinct morphological changes in these cells. At the molecular level, infection with inactivated virus, followed by pulse labelling with [H-3]thymidine, resulted in a rapid [0 to 2 h post-infection (p.i.)] and permanent inhibition of host cellular DNA synthesis. Assays of cellular DNA polymerases in isolated IPLB-Ld652Y nuclei confirmed the reduction in cellular DNA synthesis observed in intact cells and indicated an initial (0 to 2 h p.i.) reduction in the activity of aphidicolin-sensitive DNA polymerases. Activity of all cellular DNA polymerases was inhibited at later times p.i. Host cell protein synthesis was completely inhibited after 48 h p.i. Treatment of inactivated virus and virus-infected cells with various chemical and physical factors (i.e. pH and temperature) or lysosomotropic agents revealed that virus entry into cells and fusion of endocytic vesicles (containing virus) with lysosomes were essential for suppression of cellular macromolecular synthesis. The possible involvement of structural components of the AcMNPV virion in these effects is discussed. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MICROBIOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP GUZO, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BLDG 011A,ROOM 214,BARC-W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 72 BP 1021 EP 1029 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-72-5-1021 PN 5 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA FL473 UT WOS:A1991FL47300003 PM 1709681 ER PT J AU SEAWRIGHT, JA KAISER, PE NARANG, SK AF SEAWRIGHT, JA KAISER, PE NARANG, SK TI A UNIQUE CHROMOSOMAL DIMORPHISM IN SPECIES-A AND SPECIES-B OF THE ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS COMPLEX SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY STRAINS; SAY; IDENTIFICATION; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; MEMBER; KEY AB An unusual example of naturally occurring overdominance associated with dimorphic forms (3L1 and 3L2) of the left arm of chromosome 3 was documented for species A and B of the Anopheles quadrimaculatus species complex. Polytene chromosomes from ovarian nurse cells were examined from mosquitoes of 20 populations, mostly from the southeastern United States but including one population from New York State. In every population surveyed, the heterokaryotype (3L1/3L2) was the predominant type at an unusually high frequency that implied selection for the hybrid condition. The heterokaryotype (3L1/3L2) was present at average frequencies of 72.3% +/- 1.16% for species A and of 73.3% +/- 1.15% for species B. The homokaryotypes, 3L1/3L1 and 3L2/3L2, were present at frequencies of 14.5% +/- 0.91% and 13.2% +/- 0.88%, respectively, in species A, and of 12.6% +/- 0.86% and 14.2% +/- 0.90%, respectively, in species B. Chi-square analyses showed that the relative frequencies of the three chromosome types were uniform across the various populations, thus indicating no significant geographical (clinal) effects for either species A or B. In the one population for which sufficient samples of species B were available (Octahatchee Lake, Florida), there were no temporal effects, and the frequencies of each type remained stable throughout the breeding season over a 2-year period. RP SEAWRIGHT, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECTS AFFECTING MAN & ANIMALS LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 82 IS 3 BP 221 EP 227 PG 7 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA FV436 UT WOS:A1991FV43600007 ER PT J AU GARBRECHT, J BRUNNER, G AF GARBRECHT, J BRUNNER, G TI HYDROLOGIC CHANNEL-FLOW ROUTING FOR COMPOUND SECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID ACCURACY CRITERIA; PARAMETERS AB An efficient channel-flow routing scheme for large drainage networks with compound sections and for continuous long-term simulation is often needed for sediment and water-quality investigations. A Muskingum-Cunge channel-flow routing scheme is adopted for this purpose. Main channel and overbank flow in compound cross sections are decoupled and routed separately to quantify the different flow characteristics in each channel portion. A variable time step is introduced to increase the efficiency of the numerical scheme. The adaptations of the channel-flow routing scheme are tested against hydraulic channel-flow routing using the DAMBRK model. Test conditions consist of several hypothetical flood hydrographs in long prismatic channels with significant overbank storage. For the tested cases, hydrograph peak and time to peak are, on the average, within 4% of the results from hydraulic routing. Simulated hydrograph shapes are consistent with expectations, and hydrograph distortions, resulting from overbank flood plains, are well reproduced. Furthermore, execution time of the numerical scheme is generally more than one order of magnitude faster than the benchmark hydraulic routing. C1 USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,CTR HYDRO ENGN,ST DAVIS,CA 95616. RP GARBRECHT, J (reprint author), USDA,ARS,WATER QUAL & WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 1991 VL 117 IS 5 BP 629 EP 642 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1991)117:5(629) PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA FH667 UT WOS:A1991FH66700006 ER PT J AU HUTCHENS, TW YIP, TT AF HUTCHENS, TW YIP, TT TI PROTEIN INTERACTIONS WITH SURFACE-IMMOBILIZED METAL-IONS - STRUCTURE-DEPENDENT VARIATIONS IN AFFINITY AND BINDING-CAPACITY WITH TEMPERATURE AND UREA CONCENTRATION SO JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HISTIDINE RING PROTONS; RIBONUCLEASE-A; HUMAN LACTOFERRIN; TITRATION CURVES; SALTING-OUT; CHROMATOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION; PURIFICATION; REFINEMENT AB We have used equilibrium binding analyses to evaluate the influence of temperature and urea on the affinity of hen egg white lysozyme and bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A for surface-immobilized Cu(II) ions. Linear Scatchard plots suggested that these model proteins were interacting with immobilized metal ions via a single class of intermediate-affinity (K(d) = 10-40-mu-M) binding sites. Alterations in temperature had little or no effect on the immobilized Cu(II) binding capacity of either protein. Temperature effects on the interaction affinity, however, were protein-dependent and varied considerably. The affinity of lysozyme for immobilized Cu (II) ions was significantly decreased with increased temperature (0-degrees-C-37-degrees-C), yet the affinity of ribonuclease did not vary measurably over the same temperature range. The van't Hoff plot (ln K vs 1/T) for lysozyme suggests a straight line relationship (single mechanism) with a DELTA-H of approximately -5.5 kcal/mol. Urea effects also varied in a protein-dependent manner. A 10-fold reduction in the affinity of lysozyme for the immobilized Cu(II) was observed with the urea concentrations up to 3 M; yet urea had no effect on the affinity of ribonuclease for the immobilized metal ions. Although the interaction capacity of lysozyme with the immobilized Cu(II) ions was decreased by 50% in 3 M urea, ribonuclease interaction capacity was not diminished in urea. Thus, temperature- and urea-dependent alterations in protein-metal ion interactions were observed for lysozyme but not ribonuclease A. The complete, yet reversible, inhibition of lysozyme- and ribonuclease-metal ion interactions by carboxyethylation with low concentrations of diethylpyrocarbonate provided direct evidence of histidyl involvement. The differential response of these proteins to the effects of temperature and urea was, therefore, interpreted based on calculated solvent-accessibilities and surface distributions of His residues, individual His residue pK(a) values, and specific features of the protein surface structure in the immediate environment of the surface-exposed histidyl residues. Possible interaction mechanisms involved in protein recognition of macromolecular surface-immobilized metal ions are presented. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP HUTCHENS, TW (reprint author), BAYLOR UNIV,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 52 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0162-0134 J9 J INORG BIOCHEM JI J. Inorg. Biochem. PD MAY 1 PY 1991 VL 42 IS 2 BP 105 EP & DI 10.1016/0162-0134(91)80037-I PG 0 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA FH848 UT WOS:A1991FH84800004 PM 1856719 ER PT J AU MURRAY, KD SHIELDS, KS BURAND, JP ELKINTON, JS AF MURRAY, KD SHIELDS, KS BURAND, JP ELKINTON, JS TI THE EFFECT OF GYPSY-MOTH METAMORPHOSIS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; DNA HYBRIDIZATION ID LARVAL MATURATION; LEPIDOPTERA; SEQUENCE; ASSAY C1 US FOREST SERV,CTR BIOL CONTROL NE FOREST INSECTS & DIS,HAMDEN,CT 06514. RP MURRAY, KD (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 31 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 57 IS 3 BP 352 EP 361 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(91)90139-H PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA FK280 UT WOS:A1991FK28000006 ER PT J AU GUZO, D DOUGHERTY, EM BRAUN, SK LYNN, DE WEINER, RM AF GUZO, D DOUGHERTY, EM BRAUN, SK LYNN, DE WEINER, RM TI PRODUCTION OF A CELLULAR MACROMOLECULAR-SYNTHESIS INHIBITION FACTOR(S) IN GYPSY-MOTH CELLS INFECTED WITH THE AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MACROMOLECULAR SYNTHESIS INHIBITION FACTOR; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; IPLB-LD652Y CELLS; IPLB-LDFB CELLS ID GRANULOSIS-VIRUS; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; PSEUDALETIA-UNIPUNCTA; INVITRO; PROTEINS; LINE; NEUTRALIZATION; GLYCOPROTEIN; TRANSLATION; ARMYWORM C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MICROBIOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP GUZO, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 57 IS 3 BP 413 EP 425 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(91)90146-H PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA FK280 UT WOS:A1991FK28000013 ER PT J AU MCINTOSH, AH AF MCINTOSH, AH TI INVITRO INFECTIVITY OF A CLONAL ISOLATE OF SYNGRAPHA-FALCIFERA (CELERY LOOPER) MULTIPLE NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE SYNGRAPHA-FALCIFERA BACULOVIRUS; LEPIDOPTERAN CELL LINES; TCID50; LC50 ID LEPIDOPTERAN CELL-LINES; REPLICATION; HELIOTHIS RP MCINTOSH, AH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 57 IS 3 BP 441 EP 442 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(91)90151-F PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA FK280 UT WOS:A1991FK28000018 ER PT J AU GRICHNIK, JM GILCHREST, BA AF GRICHNIK, JM GILCHREST, BA TI A NOVEL-APPROACH TO ANALYSIS OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION IN HUMAN-CELLS - INITIAL APPLICATION TO MELANOCYTES AND MELANOMA-CELLS SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIN GENE-EXPRESSION; PHORBOL ESTER; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; REPORTER GENE; GROWTH-FACTOR; PROMOTER; DNA; TRANSFECTION; INDUCTION; LUCIFERASE AB An assay system for transcriptional profile analysis of cultured eukaryotic cells has been developed to simultaneously handle multiple samples in a rapid, sensitive, and internally controlled manner. The methodology incorporates a microtiter plate assay system, a rapid cell-harvest enzyme-assay technique, and the bacterial reporter genes beta-glucuronidase and beta-galactosidase. We demonstrate, using beta-actin and SV40 (late) transcription promoting sequences, that this technically refined microtiter-triton-lysate (MTL) assay methodology can readily differentiate between the transcriptional states of human melanocytes before and after pharmacologic stimulation and malignantly transformed versus normal cell environments. Differences in the transcriptional environments are revealed by the relative expression of transcription element probes. The transcriptional activity ratio of the beta-actin compared to the SV40 late transcription promoting sequences was approximately 1:2 in primary cultured melanocytes, 2:1 in 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-treated melanocytes and 1:4 in the Tang melanoma cell line. Because this MTL assay methodology can accommodate a panel of transcription element probes, we anticipate that the resultant transcriptional profiles will prove useful in deciphering the diverse transcriptional changes that occur within normally regulated and malignantly transformed cells. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 24538]; PHS HHS [6M67753-11] NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 96 IS 5 BP 742 EP 746 DI 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12470974 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA FK303 UT WOS:A1991FK30300014 PM 1850774 ER PT J AU ARNOLD, JG STOCKLE, CO AF ARNOLD, JG STOCKLE, CO TI SIMULATION OF SUPPLEMENTAL IRRIGATION FROM ON-FARM PONDS SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Several researchers have shown that on-farm runoff collection and supplemental irrigation systems can increase and stabilize crop production in many regions of the world. The objective of this study is to develop simulation capabilities to determine optimum pond size and irrigation strategies for supplemental irrigation systems. A comprehensive basin-scale soil and water-resource model is modified to simulate crop yield, supplemental irrigation, furrow diking, and economics. The simulation model is linked with a golden-section search optimization scheme to optimize farm pond storage with respect to net profits from crop production under supplemental irrigation. The golden section is a direct search method and is applicable to optimization problems where an analytic expression for the objective function is unavailable. The model also produces monetary-return frequency distributions for various pond sizes and is capable of determining the effects of various management strategies on crop production and water and sediment yields. The frequency distributions give decision makers a risk assessment tool for designing the pond. Simulated hydrologic components and crop yields are compared with measured values, showing the model performs well under various climate, soil, crop and management conditions. Finally, the model is applied to two basins in Texas, and results are analyzed. RP ARNOLD, JG (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NAT SOIL EROS LAB,BLDG SOIL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 117 IS 3 BP 408 EP 424 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1991)117:3(408) PG 17 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA FN168 UT WOS:A1991FN16800008 ER PT J AU MASON, JB ZIMMERMAN, J OTRADOVEC, CL SELHUB, J ROSENBERG, IH AF MASON, JB ZIMMERMAN, J OTRADOVEC, CL SELHUB, J ROSENBERG, IH TI CHRONIC DIURETIC THERAPY WITH MODERATE DOSES OF TRIAMTERENE IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH FOLATE-DEFICIENCY SO JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FOLIC-ACID; URINARY-EXCRETION; ETHANOL; MEGALOBLASTOSIS; ABSORPTION; METABOLISM; INVITRO; SERUM; ASSAY; RAT AB The diuretic drug triamterene has previously been shown to be a competitive inhibitor of folate absorption in the rat intestine (J Lab Clin Med 1986; 108:272-6). We therefore investigated whether human subjects who are taking the drug on a long-term basis are at increased risk of folate deficiency. In each of two free-living populations, a study was performed to compare the folate status of triamterene users with those not taking the drug. The first population consisted of 272 elderly individuals not living in institutions who were participants in a nutrition status survey and who were taking a variety of antihypertensive medications; 32 of these individuals were daily users of triamterene. The hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell (RBC) count, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values were not significantly different between the triamterene users and nonusers. The female triamterene users had a slightly higher serum folate level than the female nonusers (p < 0.04); a similar pattern was observed among the men, although the difference was not statistically significant. The second population consisted of 27 individuals attending a hypertension clinic; 18 subjects were taking 50 to 150 mg of triamterene per day and nine were taking antihypertensive drugs other than triamterene. The hemoglobin concentration, RBC count, MCV, serum folate values, and RBC folate values were found to not differ significantly between the triamterene users and the hypertensive controls (p > 0.05). These data suggest that chronic triamterene administration in individuals not living in institutions, at the doses examined in this study, is not associated with indications of folate deficiency. C1 HADASSAH UNIV,DEPT GASTROENTEROL,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. MED RES INST,BURLINGTON,MA. RP MASON, JB (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BIOAVAILABIL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIADDK NIH HHS [AM07895-01] NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0022-2143 J9 J LAB CLIN MED JI J. Lab. Clin. Med. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 117 IS 5 BP 365 EP 369 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Medical Laboratory Technology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA FL365 UT WOS:A1991FL36500006 PM 2019791 ER PT J AU GUNN, SJ HILBURN, LR AF GUNN, SJ HILBURN, LR TI PARTHENOGENESIS AND KARYOTYPIC EVOLUTION IN THE CAYENNE TICK, AMBLYOMMA-CAJENNENSE (F) - MODEL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF KARYOTYPIC CHANGES THROUGH A PARTHENOGENETIC PATHWAY SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARACHNIDA; CHROMOSOMES; POLYPLOIDY; THELOTOKY ID ACARI; IXODIDAE; CYTOGENETICS; CHROMOSOMES; IXODOIDEA AB Attempts to produce progeny by forcing Amblyomma cajennense (F.) to reproduce parthenogenetically indicate that a low level of tychoparthenogenesis exists among three inbred lines and the laboratory colony. Unmated females were slower to engorge and drop from the host, were lighter at the time of detachment, and produced smaller egg masses, which had longer incubation periods and extremely low hatch. Karyotypic examination of the resulting 26 adult parthenoforms indicated that there was no karyotypic variation present in the parthenoforms of the M3 or M7 lines (2n = 22). Considerable variation was noted in the M6 line with diploids (2n = 22) and a single triploid (3n = 33) being produced in the egg mass of one female and aneuploid variants (2n = 22-26) being produced in the egg mass of another M6 female. Karyotypic variation among mitotic cells of a single individual was also observed in three individuals, with counts ranging from 22 to 26 chromosomes per cell. Mechanisms to account for the observed variation are discussed and a model is put forth to explain how rare parthenogenetic events could produce karyotypic variation and evolution of the karyotype. RP GUNN, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,KERRVILLE,TX 78029, USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 28 IS 3 BP 340 EP 349 PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA FK857 UT WOS:A1991FK85700008 ER PT J AU GUNN, SJ HILBURN, LR AF GUNN, SJ HILBURN, LR TI KARYOTYPIC VARIATION IN LABORATORY LINES OF AMBLYOMMA-CAJENNENSE - ANEUPLOIDY AND EVIDENCE OF AN AUTOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARACHNIDA; IXODIDAE; CHROMOSOMES; CHROMOSOME BANDING ID CHROMOSOMES; ACARI; TICK AB Karyotypic data from 67 individuals of Amblyomma cajennense (F.) representing three inbred lines (M3, M6, and M7) and a laboratory colony indicate the presence of considerable chromosomal variation in two of the lines. The majority of the specimens possessed a diploid number of 21 (20 autosomes and a single X chromosome); however, one of the inbred lines (M6) had diploid numbers ranging from 21 to 24. Chromosome banding data indicate that the additional chromosomes are not supernumerary chromosomes and probably represent duplicated autosomes. Additionally, two of the inbred lines (M6 and M7) had individuals heterozygous for a translocation between the largest autosome and the small autosome bearing the nucleolus organizer region. The potential origin of the observed variation is discussed in light of previous accounts of karyotypic variation in ticks. C1 USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECT RES LAB,KERRVILLE,TX 78029. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 28 IS 3 BP 350 EP 356 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA FK857 UT WOS:A1991FK85700009 ER PT J AU KIRCH, HJ TEEL, PD KLOFT, WJ DELOACH, JR AF KIRCH, HJ TEEL, PD KLOFT, WJ DELOACH, JR TI ARTIFICIAL FEEDING OF ORNITHODOROS-CONCANENSIS (ACARI, ARGASIDAE) NYMPHS ON BOVINE BLOOD AND MORPHOLOGICAL-CHANGES IN ERYTHROCYTES UNDERGOING HEMOLYSIS IN THE TICK MIDGUT SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARACHNIDA; ORNITHODOROS-CONCANENSIS; ARTIFICIAL FEEDING; BOVINE ERYTHROCYTES ID CELL; BEHAVIOR; COOLEYI; SHAPE AB The morphology of bovine erythrocytes undergoing hemolysis in the midgut of the argasid tick Ornithodoros concanensis Cooley & Kohls was examined after feeding nymphal ticks artificially on parafilm and latex membranes. Percentage of successful feeding was significantly higher on parafilm (63%) than on latex (43%) membrane. However, there was no difference in the amount of blood taken per tick. Scanning electron microscopy was used to follow the morphological changes of red blood cells in the tick gut during an 80-h postfeeding period. Erythrocytes converted from normal discocytes to spiculated cells (echinocyte stage III) within 20 h. During the development of spicules (echinocytosis), erythrocytes lost membrane surface area by the release of microvesicles. At 30 h after feeding, the first spherocytes appeared and after 80 h, only smooth spheres of different sizes were present. Reasons for the observed modifications in red blood cell morphology are discussed. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. RP KIRCH, HJ (reprint author), UNIV BONN,INST APPL ZOOL,IMMENBURG 1,W-5300 BONN 1,GERMANY. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 28 IS 3 BP 450 EP 455 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA FK857 UT WOS:A1991FK85700024 PM 1875374 ER PT J AU SCHOLL, PJ AF SCHOLL, PJ TI GONOTROPHIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE RODENT BOT FLY CUTEREBRA-FONTINELLA (DIPTERA, OESTRIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Note DE INSECTA; CUTEREBRA-FONTINELLA; DIAPAUSE; EGG DEVELOPMENT ID BIOLOGY; FLIES AB The gonotrophic development of Cuterebra fontinella Clark begins after the larval-pupal molt, the point at which winter diapause often occurs in many Cuterebra spp. Adult females emerge with their eggs at stage 3 and require an additional 5 d to complete oogenesis. Other species of Cuterebra also may have similar developmental sequences and require a period of several days after eclosion to complete development of their ova. RP SCHOLL, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,KERRVILLE,TX 78029, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 28 IS 3 BP 474 EP 476 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA FK857 UT WOS:A1991FK85700030 PM 1875379 ER PT J AU STELLJES, ME KELLEY, RB MOLYNEUX, RJ SEIBER, JN AF STELLJES, ME KELLEY, RB MOLYNEUX, RJ SEIBER, JN TI GC-MS DETERMINATION OF PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS IN 4 SENECIO SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID TRIANGULARIS AB Four Senecio species were analyzed by gc-ms for their pyrrolizidine alkaloid content. This is the first published report of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio serra, Senecio dimorphophyllus, and Senecio hydrophyllus. Previously undetermined pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Senecio mikanioides were also tentatively identified. Gc-ms analyses showed the presence of the stereoisomers senecionine {9} and integerrimine {11} in S. dimorphophyllus and complex mixtures of monoester and diester pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the other three species. Tentative structural identifications were made of ten new pyrrolizidine alkaloids. These new alkaloids are isomers of triangularine, sarracine {13}, 7-angelylplatynecine {5}, 7-angelylretronecine {2a}, and acetylated macronecine-type alkaloids. All three species contained both saturated and unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and all had at least ten individual alkaloids. The mass spectral features and gc elution order of these compounds are discussed and the pyrolizidine alkaloid profiles of the plants are compared. The potential toxicity of the three species to range animals is discussed. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,FACIL ADV INSTRUMENTAT,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENVIRONM TOXICOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP STELLJES, ME (reprint author), HARDING LAWSON ASSOCIATES,7655 REDWOOD BLVD,NOVATO,CA 94948, USA. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY PI CINCINNATI PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 54 IS 3 BP 759 EP 773 DI 10.1021/np50075a004 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA GA262 UT WOS:A1991GA26200004 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, PE LYKKEN, GI KORYNTA, ED AF JOHNSON, PE LYKKEN, GI KORYNTA, ED TI ABSORPTION AND BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE IN HUMANS OF INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MN-54 TRACERS FROM FOODS OF PLANT-ORIGIN SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE MANGANESE; ABSORPTION; BIOLOGICAL HALF-LIFE; BIOAVAILABILITY; HUMANS ID MANGANESE ABSORPTION; LABELING WHEAT; RETENTION; RATS; EXCRETION; TRANSPORT; ZN-65; DIETS AB Absorption and biological half-life of Mn-54 were measured in adult men and women fed foods labeled intrinsically or extrinsically with Mn-54. Each subject consumed a series of three test meals consisting of a food labeled intrinsically, a food labeled extrinsically or MnCl2 (control) served in random order. The foods tested were lettuce, spinach, wheat and sunflower seeds. Lettuce meals and their controls contained 9.65-mu-mol Mn; other meals contained 22.50-mu-mol Mn. In addition to the test food or MnCl2, each meal consisted of vegetable oil (5 g), salt (NaCl, 0.15 g) and crackers (10 g), which provided 0.55-mu-mol Mn. There were no differences in percentage of Mn absorption or biological half-life of Mn-54 for any of the intrinsically/extrinsically labeled food pairs. Absorption of Mn-54 from MnCl2 (8.90%) was greater than from lettuce (5.20%), spinach (3.81%), wheat (2.16%) or sunflower seeds (1.71%), but the biological half-life did not vary with the source of Mn. Absorption of Mn-54 from lettuce was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than from wheat or sunflower seeds. Although the Mn dose in the test meal was less for lettuce than for the other foods, there was no difference in Mn absorption from MnCl2 between the subjects fed lettuce and subjects fed other foods. There was no correlation of either Mn-54 absorption or biological half-life with whole blood or plasma Mn. RP JOHNSON, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 121 IS 5 BP 711 EP 717 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FJ120 UT WOS:A1991FJ12000015 PM 2019880 ER PT J AU BALA, S FAILLA, ML LUNNEY, JK AF BALA, S FAILLA, ML LUNNEY, JK TI ALTERATIONS IN SPLENIC LYMPHOID-CELL SUBSETS AND ACTIVATION ANTIGENS IN COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE COPPER; LYMPHOCYTES; INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR; TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; RATS ID IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MICE; EXPRESSION; INTERLEUKIN-2; RECEPTORS; FRUCTOSE; IRON; SEX AB Rats were nursed by dams rea a diet containing adequate (6-mu-g/g) or deficient (0.6-mu-g/g) Cu during the lactation period and weaned to the same diet. Splenic mononuclear cells were isolated and the pheno-typic profile determined by flow cytometry after immunolabelling with monoclonal antibodies to cell surface markers. Total splenic mononuclear cell yield and the relative percentage and absolute number of T-cells and the CD4+ (helper) and CD8+ (cytotoxic) T-subsets were decreased in Cu-deficient male rats. The relative percentage, but not the absolute numbers, of splenic B-cells and macrophages was increased by Cu deficiency. The percentage of splenic mononuclear cells from male rats that expressed interleukin-2 receptors and transferrin receptors in vivo was increased by Cu deficiency. In contrast, dietary Cu deficiency did not affect the yield and phenotypic profile of splenic mononuclear cells in female rats. Reactivity of splenic mononuclear cells to T-cell mitogens was decreased in Cu-depleted male and female rats. However, mitogen-induced increases in levels of interleukin-2 receptor and transferrin receptor were similar in cultures of splenic mononuclear cells obtained from control rats and rats subjected to restricted dietary intake of Cu only during the postlactation period. Thus, decreased mitogenic blastogenesis on exposure of cells from Cu-deficient rats does not reflect a nonspecific impairment of cellular activation. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 30 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 121 IS 5 BP 745 EP 753 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FJ120 UT WOS:A1991FJ12000019 PM 1673467 ER PT J AU BURRIN, DG SHULMAN, RJ STORM, MC REEDS, PJ AF BURRIN, DG SHULMAN, RJ STORM, MC REEDS, PJ TI GLUTAMINE OR GLUTAMIC-ACID EFFECTS ON INTESTINAL GROWTH AND DISACCHARIDASE ACTIVITY IN INFANT PIGLETS RECEIVING TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION SO JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID RAT SMALL-INTESTINE; MINIATURE PIG; AMINO-ACIDS; FUEL MIXES; SEQUENCE; METABOLISM; PLASMA; CASEIN; TRACT; MILK AB This study was designed to measure the effect of free glutamine or glutamic acid supplementation on small intestinal growth and disaccharidase enzyme activity in 7-day-old miniature piglets. The piglets received one of three total parenteral nutrition solutions exclusively for 7 days. All three solutions were isonitrogenous and isocaloric, and glutamine or glutamic acid was included at physiological levels (5% of the total amino acid content) in two of the three solutions; the third (control) contained neither glutamine nor glutamic acid. No differences were seen between groups in plasma glutamine or glutamic acid concentrations. Similarly, no effect was observed on small intestinal protein or DNA content or on the specific activities of lactase, sucrase, or maltase. These data demonstrate that in the healthy miniature piglet, parenteral glutamine or glutamic acid supplemented at physiological doses does not influence small intestinal growth and development. C1 BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. KENDALL MCGAW LABS INC,IRVINE,CA. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARENTERAL & ENTERAL NUTRITION PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON STREET SUITE 412, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 SN 0148-6071 J9 JPEN-PARENTER ENTER JI J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 15 IS 3 BP 262 EP 266 DI 10.1177/0148607191015003262 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FP831 UT WOS:A1991FP83100004 PM 1678020 ER PT J AU ADAMS, DC SHORT, RE BORMAN, MM MACNEIL, MD AF ADAMS, DC SHORT, RE BORMAN, MM MACNEIL, MD TI ESTIMATION OF FECAL OUTPUT WITH AN INTRARUMINAL CONTINUOUS RELEASE MARKER DEVICE SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; PASTURE; RANGELAND; FORAGE INTAKE; CHROMIC OXIDE ID GRAZING STEERS; FORAGE; SUPPLEMENTATION; PASSAGE AB Efficacy of a continuous release marker device (CRD) containing chromium oxide to estimate fecal output was evaluated in two 12-day grazing trials with beef steers (n = 10, trial 1; n = 7, trial 2). Trial 1 was conducted on mature green irrigated tall wheatgrass (Elytrigia pontica [Podp.] Holub) pasture during September. Trial 2 was conducted on dormant native range during December. Fecal output was determined by total fecal collection (TFC) and the CRD for each steer. Fecal output estimates from the CRD were based on a chromium release rate (980 mg/day) provided by the manufacturer. Estimates of daily fecal dry matter output (kg) in trial 1 were 2.70 and 2.69, and in trial 2 were 3.19 and 2.89 from the TFC and CRD, respectively. Differences between TFC and CRD were not significant in trial 1 (P = 0.59) but were significant in trial 2 (P < 0.01). When averaged over days and animals, estimates of daily fecal dry matter from CRD were within 1% of TFC in trial 1 and 10% of TFC in trial 2. Estimates of daily fecal dry matter from CRD were influenced by sampling day and steer (P < 0.01); however, there was no consistent pattern to day or animal variation. Multiple days and animals are required for both TFC and CRD. We conclude that CRD provides an acceptable estimate of daily fecal output. However, to improve accuracy, TFC can be used on a subsample of animals as a double sampling technique to adjust estimates derived from CRD. C1 USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301. RP ADAMS, DC (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,CTR W CENT RES & EXTENS,N PLATTE,NE 69101, USA. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 18 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 44 IS 3 BP 204 EP 207 DI 10.2307/4002941 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN784 UT WOS:A1991FN78400003 ER PT J AU RALPHS, MH PANTER, KE JAMES, LF AF RALPHS, MH PANTER, KE JAMES, LF TI GRAZING BEHAVIOR AND FORAGE PREFERENCE OF SHEEP WITH CHRONIC LOCOWEED TOXICOSIS SUGGEST NO ADDICTION SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE POISONOUS PLANT; OXYTROPIS-SERICEA; GRAZING BEHAVIOR; ADDICTION ID WHITE LOCOWEED; CATTLE; LARKSPUR AB Addiction is commonly cited as a clinical sign of locoweed (Astragalus spp. and Oxytropis spp.) poisoning. In a previous study, ewes progressively poisoned on locoweed ("locoed") in cafeteria trials did not become addicted to locoweed. Following a year of recovery, these ewes were allowed to graze locoweed-infested rangeland to determine if there was any residual preference for, or addiction to, locoweed. Neither the locoed nor control ewes consumed appreciable amounts of locoweed on rangeland where associated forage was succulent and actively growing, and where grazing pressure was sufficiently low to allow selective grazing. There was no residual preference for locoweed in previously locoed ewes. However, locoed ewes often exhibited sudden involuntary seizures when attempting to take a bite of forage. The head would tremble and tuck up under the brisket in a bobbing motion, and eye lids fluttered for a few seconds before the animal was able to proceed in feeding. Biting rate of locoed ewes was about a third less than that of the control ewes (P < .05), and locoed ewes took fewer bites of grass than the control ewes (P < .01). Physical inhibition of feeding caused by the sudden seizures and reduced consumption of coarse forage, which may be more difficult to prehend, may contribute to the persistent emaciated condition and reduced productivity of some locoed animals. RP RALPHS, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,1150 E 1400 N,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 44 IS 3 BP 208 EP 209 DI 10.2307/4002942 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN784 UT WOS:A1991FN78400004 ER PT J AU WINKEL, VK ROUNDY, BA COX, JR AF WINKEL, VK ROUNDY, BA COX, JR TI INFLUENCE OF SEEDBED MICROSITE CHARACTERISTICS ON GRASS SEEDLING EMERGENCE SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SAFESITE; SIDEOATS GRAMA; BLUE PANIC; COCHISE LOVE-GRASS; BROADCAST SEEDING; REVEGETATION; SOIL WATER CONTENT ID SOIL-SURFACE; ESTABLISHMENT; MORPHOLOGY; RANGE; GERMINATION; SURVIVAL; ARIZONA; PLANTS; SOWN AB Successful germination and establishment of grass seedlings from surface-sown seeds requires a microsite which provides adequate soil water and temperature conditions, among other species-specific requirements. The microsite where these requirements are met has been termed a "safesite". Safesites may occur naturally as cracks and depressions in the soil surface, gravel, and plant litter, or be prepared by seedbed equipment and livestock trampling. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the influence of seedbed microsite characteristics and soil water treatments on seedling emergence of 'Vaughn' sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.), 'A-130' blue panic (Panicum antidotale Retz.), and 'Cochise' Atherstone lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees X E. tricophera Coss and Dur.). Although there were several interactions, in general, emergence of all 3 species was highest from gravel, followed by litter, cracks, and finally the bare soil surface. Bare surface sites decreased in water content more quickly than the other sites. Cochise lovegrass had high emergence in gravel under all water treatments. Small-seeded species such as Cochise lovegrass broadcast on coarse-textured surface soils may establish with minimal seedbed preparation, provided summer precipitation is adequate. C1 USDA ARS,ARIDLAND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,TUCSON,AZ 85719. RP WINKEL, VK (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,SCH RENEWABLE NAT RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 31 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 44 IS 3 BP 210 EP 214 DI 10.2307/4002943 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN784 UT WOS:A1991FN78400005 ER PT J AU HART, RH AF HART, RH TI MANAGING RANGE CATTLE FOR RISK - THE STEERISK SPREADSHEET SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PROFITABILITY; RISK; VARIABILITY OF RETURNS; OPTIMIZATION; STOCHASTIC MODELING; ECONOMICS ID ROUGH FESCUE GRASSLAND; STOCKING RATE; VEGETATION; MESQUITE; MODEL AB Variable weather, forage production, weed and pest problems, and livestock prices contribute to uncertainty in range livestock production. Because returns from livestock production, in which producers invest money and other resources, are uncertain, these variables are sources of risk. The STEERISK spreadsheet gives producers a tool to estimate the chances of different levels of forage production, test different management and marketing strategies, and estimate returns from them. Examples of STEERISK applications include selecting the most profitable stocking rate and evaluating the profitability of weed and insect control. RP HART, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,HIGH PLAINS GRASSLANDS RES STN,8408 HILDRETH RD,CHEYENNE,WY 82009, USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 44 IS 3 BP 227 EP 231 DI 10.2307/4002947 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN784 UT WOS:A1991FN78400009 ER PT J AU JOHNSEN, TN MORTON, HL AF JOHNSEN, TN MORTON, HL TI LONG-TERM TEBUTHIURON CONTENT OF GRASSES AND SHRUBS ON SEMIARID RANGELANDS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BOUTELOUA-CURTIPENDULA; B-GRACILIS; HERBICIDE METABOLITES; B-ERIOPODA; HERBICIDE RESIDUES ID COMMUNITIES; HERBICIDES; VEGETATION; ARTEMISIA; BRUSH AB Perennial plants collected from 5 north-central Arizona semiarid locations were assayed for tebuthiuron {N-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N'-dimethylurea} and its metabolites using gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. Tebuthiuron was applied at rates ranging from 0.9 to 6.7 kg active ingredient (a.i.)/ha in 1975 through 1979. Plants were harvested in 1980 through 1986, 2 to 11 years after applications. Tebuthiuron was detected in sideoats [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.] and blue grama [B. gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Griffiths] 10 years after application of 6.7 kg/ha. Metabolites of tebuthiuron were detected in blue grama 11 years after applications of 2.2, 4.5, and 6.7 kg/ha. The ratios of tebuthiuron to metabolites varied widely. The highest concentrations of tebuthiuron plus metabolites were 25-mu-g/g in blue grama 10 years after application of 4.5 kg/ha, and 21 and 23-mu-g/g in sideoats grama 9 and 10 years, respectively, after application of 6.7 kg/ha. Only these 3 samples of 120 samples assayed exceeded the legal limit of 20-mu-g/g of tebuthiuron plus metabolites in forage plants. No samples from plots treated with 4.0 or less kg/ha exceeded 10-mu-g/g of tebuthiuron plus metabolites, and only 10% of them exceed 5-mu-g/g. RP JOHNSEN, TN (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARIDLAND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 44 IS 3 BP 249 EP 253 DI 10.2307/4002952 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN784 UT WOS:A1991FN78400014 ER PT J AU HEPWORTH, KW TEST, PS HART, RH WAGGONER, JW SMITH, MA AF HEPWORTH, KW TEST, PS HART, RH WAGGONER, JW SMITH, MA TI GRAZING SYSTEMS, STOCKING RATES, AND CATTLE BEHAVIOR IN SOUTHEASTERN WYOMING SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE RANGELANDS; BEEF STEERS; GRAZING BEHAVIOR; GRAZING SYSTEMS ID MANAGEMENT; SUMMER; SWARD; COWS AB Grazing systems and stocking rates are used to influence livestock grazing behavior with the intent of improving livestock and vegetation performance. In 1982, a study was initiated to determine effects of continuous, rotationally deferred, and short-duration rotation grazing and moderate and heavy stocking rates on steer gains, range vegetation, and distance traveled by and activity patterns of steers. Steers were observed from dawn to dark on 12 dates during 1983, 1984, and 1985, and activity recorded every 15 minutes. Eight steers per treatment (system X stocking rate combination) per date were observed in 1983 and 1984, and 10 per treatment in 1985. In 1984 and 1985, map locations of all steers were recorded at the same times as activity, and distance traveled summed from distances between successive map locations. In 1984, activity of 3 steers per treatment was electronically monitored during darkness. Steers grazed approximately 8.6 hr per day during daylight and 1.6 hr during darkness. Steers grazed an average of 8.9 hr/day during daylight under moderate vs 8.1 hr under heavy stocking, but stocking rate interacted with date in 1984 and grazing system in 1985. Steers traveled farther under continuous than under short-duration rotation grazing at both stocking rates in 1984, but only at the high stocking rate in 1985. Steers had to travel farther to water in the continuous pastures, and may have had to cover a greater area in an effort to select a more desirable diet, particularly under heavy stocking. These differences were not reflected in differences in gain among stocking rates or grazing systems. C1 UNIV WYOMING,DEPT RANGE MANAGEMENT,LARAMIE,WY 82071. USDA ARS,CHEYENNE,WY 82009. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ANIM SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 44 IS 3 BP 259 EP 262 DI 10.2307/4002954 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN784 UT WOS:A1991FN78400016 ER PT J AU HART, RH HEPWORTH, KW SMITH, MA WAGGONER, JW AF HART, RH HEPWORTH, KW SMITH, MA WAGGONER, JW TI CATTLE GRAZING BEHAVIOR ON A FOOTHILL ELK WINTER RANGE IN SOUTHEASTERN WYOMING SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CATTLE-ELK COMPETITION; RANGE SITES; STOCKING RATE ID AVAILABILITY DATA; HABITAT-USE AB Cattle at a light stocking rate of 0.17 to 0.18 AUM/ha over a 35-day grazing season in summer preferred to graze on lowland range sites, while elk in winter preferred upland range sites. We changed stocking rates on the same pastures to a moderate rate of 0.28 AUM/ha and a very light rate of 0.034 AUM/ha to determine the effects of stocking rate on cattle preference for range sites and possible habitat overlap between cattle and elk. At all stocking rates, cattle spent significantly more time grazing on loamy range sites and less time on other sites than would be expected on the basis of area occupied by the sites. When grazing pressure was increased from light to moderate, cattle grazing time on loamy sites increased. When grazing pressure was decreased from light to very light, cattle grazed only loamy and shallow sites to the complete exclusion of other sites. Cattle grazed farther from water as stocking rate increased and as the grazing season progressed. They also grazed on steeper slopes as stocking rate increased, and as the season progressed under the highest stocking rate. Even at the highest stocking rate studied, there was little habitat overlap between cattle and elk. C1 UNIV WYOMING,DIV RANGE MANAGEMENT,LARAMIE,WY 82071. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT ANIM SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP HART, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,CHEYENNE,WY 82009, USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 44 IS 3 BP 262 EP 266 DI 10.2307/4002955 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN784 UT WOS:A1991FN78400017 ER PT J AU PINCHAK, WE SMITH, MA HART, RH WAGGONER, JW AF PINCHAK, WE SMITH, MA HART, RH WAGGONER, JW TI BEEF-CATTLE DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS ON FOOTHILL RANGE SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PLANT COMMUNITY PREFERENCE; SLOPE SENSITIVITY; WATER AVAILABILITY; SEASONAL PATTERNS ID NORTHEASTERN OREGON; AVAILABILITY DATA; RIPARIAN ZONE; BEHAVIOR AB A 3-year experiment designed to quantify the spatial and temporal utilization patterns of range sites by beef cattle on summer foothill range was conducted on the Wick Brothers Management Unit of the Wyoming Game and Fish Commission, 8 km w. of Arlington, Wyo. The grazing seasons, in replicate pastures, were from 15 July-9 August, 15 June-26 July, and 15 June-2 August in 1980, 1981, and 1982, respectively. Daily observations were made of radio-telemetry collared cattle (3 per pasture). Cattle dispersion was constrained by the spatial distribution of water and slope. Across 3 seasons, 77% of observed use was within 366 m of water. Approximately 65% of the land area was beyond 723 m from water and sustained only 12% of observed use. Cattle concentrated use (79%) on slopes less than 7%. Consequently 35% of the area, on or surrounded by slopes > 10%, received only 7% of observed use. Loamy, grazable woodland and wetland/subirrigated range sites were most preferred and accounted for over 65% of observed use while occupying less than 35% of the land area. Overall, coarse upland, very shallow and shallow loamy sites were not preferred; however, site preference varied as areas further from water were utilized. Observed use was significantly (P < 0.10) correlated (r 0.41 to 0.69) with standing crop and crude protein standing crop over various growth form characteristics of the forage component. Associated stepwise regression models accounted for 44 to 73% of the variation in observed use over the 1982 grazing season. As the forage complex became more similar, in terms of standing crop and crude protein content, significantly less (P < 0.05) variation in use was accounted for by the forage variables (0-37%). C1 UNIV WYOMING,DIV RANGE MANAGEMENT,LARAMIE,WY 82071. UNIV WYOMING,DIV ANIM SCI,LARAMIE,WY 82071. USDA ARS,HIGH PLAINS GRASSLAND RES STN,CHEYENNE,WY 82009. RP PINCHAK, WE (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,BOX 1658,VERNON,TX 76384, USA. NR 33 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 44 IS 3 BP 267 EP 275 DI 10.2307/4002956 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN784 UT WOS:A1991FN78400018 ER PT J AU SIMANTON, JR WELTZ, MA LARSEN, HD AF SIMANTON, JR WELTZ, MA LARSEN, HD TI RANGELAND EXPERIMENTS TO PARAMETERIZE THE WATER EROSION PREDICTION PROJECT MODEL - VEGETATION CANOPY COVER EFFECTS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SOIL LOSS; INFILTRATION; RUNOFF; INTERCEPTION LOSSES; RAINFALL SIMULATION ID INFILTRATION; VARIABILITY; RATES AB The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) is a new water erosion prediction technology being developed by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service to replace the Universal Soil Loss Equation. Rangeland field experiments were designed to parameterize the WEPP rangeland erosion model. Included in the field experiments were plot treatments designed to separate direct from indirect effects of vegetation canopy on runoff and soil erosion. Nine rangeland sites from a wide range of soil and vegetation types were evaluated using rainfall simulation techniques. Natural versus clipped treatment surface characteristics and runoff and erosion responses were compared using regression analyses. These analyses showed that there were no significant differences between natural and clipped plot surface characteristics, runoff ratios, final infiltration rates, or initial rainfall abstractions. Erosion rates were different between treatments with the clipped plots having slightly less erosion than the natural plots. Results indicated that, under the rainfall conditions simulated, canopy cover was not directly contributing to initial abstractions through rainfall interception loss or significantly affecting runoff or erosion. RP SIMANTON, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARIDLAND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 22 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 44 IS 3 BP 276 EP 282 DI 10.2307/4002957 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN784 UT WOS:A1991FN78400019 ER PT J AU WIGHT, JR HANSON, CL AF WIGHT, JR HANSON, CL TI USE OF STOCHASTICALLY GENERATED WEATHER RECORDS WITH RANGELAND SIMULATION-MODELS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE FORAGE YIELD MODEL; RANGELAND SIMULATION MODEL; STOCHASTIC WEATHER GENERATION; YIELD FORECAST; HYDROLOGY MODEL ID DAILY PRECIPITATION AB We compared long-term historical and stochastically generated weather records in terms of their statistical attributes and effects on herbage yield and runoff forecasts calculated from model simulations. The historical and synthetic air temperature and solar radiation records were in good agreement in terms of monthly means and extremes. The synthetic precipitation record failed to simulate extreme precipitation events which significantly reduced forecasted runoff values. Yield forecasts were similar using either historical or synthetic weather records. RP WIGHT, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,800 PK BLVD,PLAZA IV,SUITE 105,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 44 IS 3 BP 282 EP 285 DI 10.2307/4002958 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN784 UT WOS:A1991FN78400020 ER PT J AU BORMAN, MM ADAMS, DC KNAPP, BW HAFERKAMP, MR AF BORMAN, MM ADAMS, DC KNAPP, BW HAFERKAMP, MR TI EVALUATION OF DIETARY PREFERENCE WITH A MULTIPLE LATIN SQUARE DESIGN SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Note DE INTAKE; LAMB; COOL-SEASON GRASSES; WHEATGRASS; FOXTAIL; TALL FESCUE AB A sequential multiple latin square experimental design was evaluated as a tool for establishing dietary preference rankings. Dietary perference of 4 grasses was determined by a series of four 4 X 4 latin squares where rows were 4 days within a pen, columns were 4 locations of a grass within a pen, and treatments were 4 grasses. Each square (i.e., pen) utilized 1 lamb. Following the completion of trial 1, the most preferred grass was withdrawn and the 3 remaining grasses were further studied with a series of four 3 X 3 latin squares. This procedure was found to be a resource efficient and effective tool for preference ranking. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,W CENT RES & EXTENS CTR,N PLATTE,NE 69101. RP BORMAN, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,ROUTE 1,BOX 2021,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 44 IS 3 BP 295 EP 296 DI 10.2307/4002961 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FN784 UT WOS:A1991FN78400023 ER PT J AU ONSTAD, CA BURKART, MR BUBENZER, GD AF ONSTAD, CA BURKART, MR BUBENZER, GD TI AGRICULTURAL-RESEARCH TO IMPROVE WATER-QUALITY SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 US GEOL SURVEY,IOWA CITY,IA 52244. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGR ENGN,MADISON,WI 53714. RP ONSTAD, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MIDWEST AREA,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 46 IS 3 BP 184 EP 188 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FT165 UT WOS:A1991FT16500008 ER PT J AU PETERSON, TA RUSSELLE, MP AF PETERSON, TA RUSSELLE, MP TI ALFALFA AND THE NITROGEN-CYCLE IN THE CORN BELT SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID NITRATE-NITROGEN; SUCCEEDING CORN; LEGUME RESIDUES; MEDICAGO-SATIVA; SOIL PROFILES; ROOT ZONE; CROP; MOVEMENT; LYSIMETERS; RECOVERY AB Use of legumes, such as alfalfa, in cropping systems is often recommended as a means of reducing or eliminating nitrate pollution from agriculture. We analyzed literature that supports this recommendation and used published estimates to calculate the net input of N2 fixed by alfalfa to the agricultural N cycle in the Corn Belt. Although alfalfa occupies only 8% of the cropland, it fixes more than 1 billion kg N annually, compared to 4 billion kg fertilizer N applied to all crops in the eight-state region. Alfalfa can contribute symbiotically fixed N2 to soil both directly, through mineralization of plant residues and accretion from growing plants, and indirectly, through the recycling of manure from animals fed alfalfa. Producers often fail to reduce N applications on corn planted after alfalfa or after manure application. Our calculations demonstrate that the amount of fertilizer N applied to corn could be reduced by as much as 14% without reducing yields. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AVIAN SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP PETERSON, TA (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR MINNESOTA CLUSTER LOCAT,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 72 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 46 IS 3 BP 229 EP 235 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA FT165 UT WOS:A1991FT16500016 ER PT J AU HUNT, CD SHULER, TR MULLEN, LAM AF HUNT, CD SHULER, TR MULLEN, LAM TI CONCENTRATION OF BORON AND OTHER ELEMENTS IN HUMAN FOODS AND PERSONAL-CARE PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DIETARY BORON; METABOLISM; MAGNESIUM AB The element boron is ubiquitous in the environment. Comparatively low concentrations of dietary boron affect several aspects of mineral metabolism in animals and human beings. Therefore, it is appropriate to determine precisely the concentration of boron in human foodstuffs and absorbed, inhaled, or ingested nonfood substances. In this article, we report the analyzed concentrations of boron and other elements in selected foods (animal products, water, condiments, confections, fruits, tuberized roots, vegetables, cereal grains, and spices) and personal-care products (analgesics, antibiotics, decongestants, antihistamines, dental hygiene products, gastric antacids, and laxatives). We conclude that daily intake of boron usually differs considerably between any two individuals for three main reasons. First, concentration of boron in water varies considerably according to geographic source. At some locations, boron in drinking water and water-based beverages may account for most of the total dietary boron intake. Second, individual food preference greatly influences daily intake of boron. Fruits, vegetables, tubers, and legumes have relatively much higher concentrations of boron than do cereal grains or animal tissues and fluids. Third, boron was determined to be a notable contaminant or major ingredient of many personal-care products. C1 UNIV N DAKOTA,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. RP HUNT, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 26 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 91 IS 5 BP 558 EP 568 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FL248 UT WOS:A1991FL24800005 PM 2019698 ER PT J AU FEAIRHELLER, SH SCHOLNICK, F LI, Y AF FEAIRHELLER, SH SCHOLNICK, F LI, Y TI CROSS-LINKING OF COLLAGEN WITH ACRYLAMIDE DERIVATIVES .2. N,N'-METHYLENEBISACRYLAMIDE AND HIGHER HOMOLOGS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Two symmetrical derivatives of acrylamide, namely: N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and N,N'-dimethylenebisacrylamide, were found to crosslink hide collagen and, with proper control of the reaction conditions, served as tanning agents. The reactions take place under alkaline conditions and swelling is controlled by addition of sodium sulfate. Shrinkage temperatures over 80-degrees-C were obtained and the products exhibited good resistance to chemical and enzymic attack. The products were made into white leather on a small scale. Two higher homologs, N,N'-trimethylenebisacrylamide and N,N'-hexamethylenebisacrylamide, could not be made to react under the same conditions nor under modified conditions designed to improve their solubility. C1 CHENGDU UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT LEATHER ENGN,CHENGDU,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP FEAIRHELLER, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 86 IS 5 BP 171 EP 178 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA GG615 UT WOS:A1991GG61500001 ER PT J AU BAILEY, DG MILLER, RH AF BAILEY, DG MILLER, RH TI EXAMINATION OF CRUST LEATHER FOR RESIDUALS FROM A POTENTIAL HIDE PRESERVATIVE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Potassium dimethyldithiocarbamate (KDMDC) is a commercially available antimicrobial preservative registered by EPA for a variety of uses. This chemical has potential as an adjunct to brine curing for the preservation of cattlehides. KDMDC added to a brine raceway would permeate the hide during hide curing. This research was performed to determine whether or not this chemical could persist in the leather produced from brine-cured hides. It is theoretically possible that residual KDMDC in leather products could be extracted by perspiration creating a potential health hazard for the user. KDMDC was applied at normal and four-times-recommended application levels during brine curing of cattlehides. The cured hides were processed into crust leather that were then extracted with synthetic perspiration solution and the leachate analyzed for KDMDC by HPLC. Residual KDMDC was not found in any of the samples examined. C1 BUCKMAN LABS INT INC,MEMPHIS,TN 38108. RP BAILEY, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 86 IS 5 BP 185 EP 188 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA GG615 UT WOS:A1991GG61500003 ER PT J AU SNYDER, JM MOUNTS, TL HOLLOWAY, RK AF SNYDER, JM MOUNTS, TL HOLLOWAY, RK TI AN ANALYSIS SCHEME FOR ESTIMATION OF CRUDE-OIL QUALITY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE COLOR; DAMAGE; FREE FATTY ACID; OXIDATION; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; PHOSPHATIDES; SOYBEAN OIL; SPECTROSCOPY; SUNFLOWER; SUNFLOWER OIL ID SUNFLOWER-SEED OIL; SOYBEAN OIL; WAX CONTENT; EXTRACTION AB A seed analysis scheme was designed to rapidly estimate the quality of extracted oil. Factors of crude oil quality evaluated were: free fatty acids, oxidative status (Totox value), color, and phosphatides (soybean) or wax (sunflower). Soybean and sunflower seeds subjected to extended storage at varying moisture contents were sampled at incremental time periods to yield fifty storage-damaged samples of each oilseed. Oil was extracted from 50-g lots of each sample and analyzed for the crude oil quality factors according to standard methods. Alternative instrumental and chemical analyses of the quality factors were correlated with the standard methods. Hexanal content, measured by headspace-gas chromatographic analysis of the ground full-fat meal, was correlated to the oxidative status. Crude oils recovered by rapid extraction, using sonication, and desolventation were monitored by spectrophotometry for color correlation. Free fatty acid content was determined by titration methods and monitored by spectrophotometry. Modified turbidimetric methods estimated the phosphatides (soybean) or wax (sunflower seed) contents. The analysis scheme provides for the rapid estimation of oil quality as impacted by various pre-and post-harvest events that cause deterioration of oilseeds. RP SNYDER, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 68 IS 5 BP 285 EP 288 DI 10.1007/BF02657677 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FL766 UT WOS:A1991FL76600002 ER PT J AU ADLOF, RO RAKOFF, H EMKEN, EA AF ADLOF, RO RAKOFF, H EMKEN, EA TI PREPARATION OF DEUTERIUM-LABELED METHYL LINOLEATE AND ITS GEOMETRIC ISOMERS FROM NATURAL SEED OILS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CIS-ISOMERS AND TRANS-ISOMERS; CREPIS OILSEEDS; DEUTERIUM; FATTY ESTERS; LINOLEIC ACID AND ESTERS; PREPARATION; VERNOLIC ACID AND VERNONIA OIL; WITTIG ID FATTY ESTERS; ACIDS; CIS; ISOMERIZATION; SEPARATION AB Multi-gram quantities of deuterium-labelled methyl linoleate (methyl cis-9,cis-12-octadecadienoate) and its geometric isomers are readily synthesized from Crepis alpina (70-80% cis-9-octadecen-12-ynoic acid) and Vernonia galamensis (70-80% 12,13-epoxy-cis-9-octadecenoic acid) seed oils. Methyl cis-9,cis-12- and trans-9,cis-12-octadecadienoate-12,13-d2 were prepared by the Lindlarcatalyzed reduction (with D2 gas) of methyl cis-9- and trans-9-octadecen-12-ynoates, respectively. Methyl trans-9-octadecen-12-ynoate was synthesized by the p-toluene-sulfinic acid-catalyzed isomerization of the corresponding cis isomer. Methyl cis-9,cis-12-; trans-9,cis-12; cis-9,trans-12-and trans-9, trans-12-octadecadienoate-d2, d4 and d6 were prepared by the Wittig coupling (with stereochemical control) of the appropriate d2-, d4- or d6-alkyltriphenyl-phosphonium salt with methyl 12-oxo-cis-9- or trans-9-dodecenoate (prepared by the para-periodic acid cleavage of methyl 12,13-dihydroxy-cis-9- or trans-9-octadecenoate). The cis dihydroxy ester was synthesized from Vernonia galamensis seed oil by acetolysis, saponification and then esterification. The cis dihydroxy ester was isomerized by nitric acid/sodium nitrite to the trans form and purified by silver resin chromatography. Isotopic purities ranged from 88% (for the d6 isomers) to 99% (for the d2 isomers). RP ADLOF, RO (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 68 IS 5 BP 303 EP 306 DI 10.1007/BF02657681 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FL766 UT WOS:A1991FL76600006 ER PT J AU BILYK, A BISTLINE, RG HAAS, MJ FEAIRHELLER, SH AF BILYK, A BISTLINE, RG HAAS, MJ FEAIRHELLER, SH TI LIPASE-CATALYZED TRIGLYCERIDE HYDROLYSIS IN ORGANIC-SOLVENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CANDIDA-RUGOSA, DIETHYLAMINE; FISH OIL; N-METHYLBUTYLAMINE; PORCINE PANCREAS; RHIZOMUCOR-MIEHEI; TALLOW, TRIETHYLAMINE; VEGETABLE OILS AB An investigation of lipases from Rhizomucor miehei, Candida rugosa and porcine pancreas revealed that these enzymes hydrolyzed triglycerides in an organic solvent system. The presence of secondary amines, i.e., diethylamine, N-methylbutylamine, or the tertiary amine, triethylamine, greatly increased the extent of hydrolysis. The lipolysis of tallow took place under mild conditions, e.g., room temperature, moderate shaking and within 20 hr. At 45-degrees-C, complete hydrolysis of tallow was obtained in 6 hr. Vegetable oils and a fish oil (cod liver oil) were also hydrolyzed at 20-degrees-C by R. miehei lipase in the presence of N-methylbutylamine for 20 hr. The lipases were recovered for reuse with some loss of activity. Optimum yields of free fatty acids were obtained by using R. miechei lipase as catalyst. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 68 IS 5 BP 320 EP 323 DI 10.1007/BF02657685 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FL766 UT WOS:A1991FL76600010 ER PT J AU STEINER, JJ OPOKUBOATENG, K AF STEINER, JJ OPOKUBOATENG, K TI NATURAL SEASON-LONG AND DIURNAL TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON LETTUCE SEED PRODUCTION AND QUALITY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SEED GERMINATION; SEED VIGOR; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS; REGRESSION; HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS; LACTUCA-SATIVA ID CRISP LETTUCE; VIGOR; YIELD AB We investigated the effects of variation in ambient air temperature on seed production in the field during the reproductive development phase of 'Salinas' head-type lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in the central San Joaquin Valley of California where daytime maxima may exceed 38C for many consecutive days during reproduction. Florets were tagged daily for 41 days and harvested seeds were sampled to determine temperature-sensitive periods during seed development. The number of seeds per inflorescence (NOS), seed mass (SM), and seedling root length (SRL) were reduced and percentage germination (GERM) increased with increasing minimum (LT) and maximum (HT) temperatures. Daily HT > 35C greatly reduced NOS. Increasing LT reduced SM and SRL, but to a lesser extent than NOS (r2 = 0.23 and 0.40; P = 0.01 and 0.001, respectively). The advantage of increasing HT on GERM (r2 = 0.20; P = 0.01) was overshadowed by the severe reduction in NOS and the vigor components SM and SRL. The periods of greatest sensitivity to high air temperature for NOS, SM, GERM, and SRL were -1 to +1, -4, +1, and -4 to -3 days from anthesis, respectively. The hours of peak sensitivity for these variables occurred during the same days at -36, -101, +15, and -83 hours from anthesis, respectively. Using Box-Jenkins time series analysis, diurnal periodicity in temperature sensitivity for the four variables was determined. RP STEINER, JJ (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,USDA ARS,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 116 IS 3 BP 396 EP 400 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FJ118 UT WOS:A1991FJ11800004 ER PT J AU YATES, IE SPARKS, D CONNOR, K TOWILL, L AF YATES, IE SPARKS, D CONNOR, K TOWILL, L TI REDUCING POLLEN MOISTURE SIMPLIFIES LONG-TERM STORAGE OF PECAN POLLEN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARYA-ILLINOENSIS; PLANT BREEDING; CATKINS; DEHYDRATION; VIABILITY; TEMPERATURE ID INVITRO GERMINATION AB Pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] pollen was stored under reduced moisture conditions to determine if pollen viability could be maintained for long periods at either 23, 5, or - 12C. Pecan pollen was ovendried at 35C to a constant weight and stored in moisture-proof bags. Pollen maintained at - 12C for 2 years was as viable as freshly collected pollen. The duration of viability at 5C was at least 2 months. Even at 23C, viability was detectable for 1 month, but at a greatly reduced level. Provided precautions are taken to reduce pollen moisture before and during storage, long-term storage of pecan pollen can be easily accomplished with commonly available supplies and equipment. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602. COLORADO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP YATES, IE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 116 IS 3 BP 430 EP 434 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FJ118 UT WOS:A1991FJ11800011 ER PT J AU EASON, G REINERT, RA AF EASON, G REINERT, RA TI RESPONSES OF CLOSELY RELATED BUSH BLUE LAKE SNAP BEAN CULTIVARS TO INCREASING CONCENTRATIONS OF OZONE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; AIR POLLUTION; POD YIELD; OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDANTS; YIELD AB Eight Bush Blue Lake type snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines and cultivars with similar genetic backgrounds were container-grown to green-pod maturity in open-top field chambers while being exposed to chronic doses of O3 for 7 hours.day-1 for 42 consecutive days. Treatments included charcoal-filtered air, nonfiltered air, and 0.02, 0.04, or 0.08 ppm O3 added to nonfiltered air. Visible injury was estimated during the 2nd week of exposure and compared to the green pod yield data. The presence of four yield response groups, as determined via regression analysis, indicated the presence of variation for O3 sensitivity in the germplasm pool, but all eight lines were O3-sensitive with yield losses at O3 levels exceeding a 7-hour daily mean of 0.085 ppm. Foliar injury may be a good indicator of general yield loss; however, estimates of visible injury lack the precision necessary to distinguish subtle differences among a collection of O3-sensitive snap bean lines. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP EASON, G (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BOX 7616,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 116 IS 3 BP 520 EP 524 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FJ118 UT WOS:A1991FJ11800028 ER PT J AU WHITAKER, BD AF WHITAKER, BD TI GROWTH-CONDITIONS AND RIPENING INFLUENCE PLASTID AND MICROSOMAL MEMBRANE LIPID-COMPOSITION IN BELL PEPPER FRUIT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; CHLOROPLASTS; CHROMOPLASTS; GALACTOLIPIDS; PERICARP; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; PHYTOSTEROLS; STERYL GLYCOSIDES ID TOMATO FRUIT; SENESCENCE; METABOLISM; CHROMOPLASTS; ACID AB Plastids and microsomal membranes were isolated from pericarp tissue of mature-green and red-ripe bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit harvested from greenhouse- and field-grown plants. The lipid composition of these membrane fractions changed much more with ripening of field-grown than greenhouse-grown fruit. Also, the phospholipid (PL), free sterol (FS), steryl glycoside (SG), and acylated steryl glycoside (ASG) content of microsomes and plastids from green and red fruit were very different under the two growing conditions. Total steryl lipids (TSL = FS + SG + ASG) and the TSL : PL ratio increased in microsomes and decreased in plastids with ripening. These changes were much greater in field-grown fruit. The ASG : SG ratio decreased with ripening in both membrane fractions under both growing conditions. Ripening and growth conditions affected the phospholipid and sterol composition in plastids much more than in microsomes. Lipid changes associated with the chloroplast to chromoplast transformation were similar in field- and greenhouse-grown fruit, including an increase in the galactolipid : PL ratio. RP WHITAKER, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 116 IS 3 BP 528 EP 533 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FJ118 UT WOS:A1991FJ11800030 ER PT J AU WALLACE, DH GNIFFKE, PA MASAYA, PN ZOBEL, RW AF WALLACE, DH GNIFFKE, PA MASAYA, PN ZOBEL, RW TI PHOTOPERIOD, TEMPERATURE, AND GENOTYPE INTERACTION EFFECTS ON DAYS AND NODES REQUIRED FOR FLOWERING OF BEAN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PLANT DEVELOPMENT; CULTIVAR ADAPTATION; YIELD PHYSIOLOGY; PLEIOTROPIC GENE ACTION; DAYLENGTH; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS ID VULGARIS; MAIZE AB Number of days to flower (DTF) of 78 bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes was measured in tropical fields at various elevations. The associated 18 mean temperatures varied between 12 and 28C. Daylength was natural 12 or 13 hours of sunlight with or without incandescent light for a total of 18 hours. A statistical analysis with additive main effects and multiplicative interaction effects (AMMI) quantified the effects on the deviation from the DTF grand mean caused by each genotype, plus those caused by each daylength and by each temperature. The more photoperiod-sensitive the genotype (factor 1), the more a longer daylength (factor 2) increased DTF and the more a higher temperature (factor 3) synergistically increased DTF. These three factors interacted to delay the node to flower. An additional control over DTF occurred as the same higher temperature (factor 3) reduced the days required to develop a node (factor 4). Thus, a higher temperature tended to decrease DTF by enhancing the rate of vegetative development, at the same time that it tended to increase DTF by enhancing the photoperiod gene activity. This four-factor interaction resulted in a U-shaped curve of DTF in response to temperature. The smallest DTF on the U-shaped response was interpreted as occurring when the simultaneous effects of temperature toward earlier and later DTF exactly cancelled. At all temperatures below this optimum for flowering, a change of temperature changed DTF predominantly by altering the days requried to develop a node. At all temperatures above the optimum, a change of temperature changed DTF predominantly by altering the photoperiod-gene-caused delay of the node to flower. The optimum temperature for flowering was lowered by higher sensitivity of the genotype to photoperiod and also by longer daylength. C1 UNIV FOODS,GREENFIELD,CA. INST CIENCIA & TECHNOL AGRICOLAS,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP WALLACE, DH (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT BREEDING & BIOMETRY,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 116 IS 3 BP 534 EP 543 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FJ118 UT WOS:A1991FJ11800031 ER PT J AU ERB, WA DRAPER, AD SWARTZ, HJ AF ERB, WA DRAPER, AD SWARTZ, HJ TI COMBINING ABILITY FOR CANOPY GROWTH AND GAS-EXCHANGE OF INTERSPECIFIC BLUEBERRIES UNDER MODERATE WATER DEFICIT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VACCINIUM-ASHEI; V-MYRTILLOIDES; V-MYRSINITES; V-CORYMBOSUM; V-DARROWI; V-ATROCOCCUM; V-ANGUSTIFOLIUM; FRUIT BREEDING; DROUGHT RESISTANCE ID USE EFFICIENCY; HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; AIR HUMIDITY; STRESS; RESISTANCE; CASSAVA; LEAVES; CARBON; APPLE; TREES AB Progenies and clones of interspecific hybrid blueberries were evaluated for annual fraction of canopy volume (FCYV) and for difference in fraction of canopy volume between control and stressed plants [FCYV(C) - FCYV(S)] in a moderate water-deficit environment. The FCYV(C) - FCYV(S) data were used to determine combining ability effects. In addition, physiological processes of attached leaves of the clones were monitored with a portable photosynthesis apparatus. Specific combining ability (SCA) effects were significant for FCYV(C) - FCYV(S). The clone with the lowest mean for FCYV(C) - FCYV(S) was US75, a hybrid of Vaccinium darrowi Camp x V. corymbosum L. Clone JU64 (V. myrsinites Lamark x V. angustifolium Aiton) also had a low FCYV(C) - FCYV(S) mean, and its two progenies (JU64 x JU11 and G362 x JU64) had low progeny means. Stomatal conductance was lowered when blueberries were exposed to atmospheric and/or soil moisture stress that resulted in lower transpiration and photosynthesis and increased or equal water-use efficiencies (WUE). Blueberry plants adjusted to moisture stress as the season progressed by lowering stomatal conductance and increasing WUE. In particular, stressed plants of US75 and JU64 had equal or higher WUE values than control plants. US226 was the most drought-susceptible clone in the study, and its stomata did not appear to be as responsive to moisture stress as the other clones. Breeding for higher WUE in a dry environment appears possible with the germplasm used in this study. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 116 IS 3 BP 569 EP 573 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FJ118 UT WOS:A1991FJ11800037 ER PT J AU MILLER, RO BLOESE, PD HANOVER, JW HAACK, RA AF MILLER, RO BLOESE, PD HANOVER, JW HAACK, RA TI PAPER BIRCH AND EUROPEAN WHITE BIRCH VARY IN GROWTH AND RESISTANCE TO BRONZE BIRCH BORER SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BETULA-PAPYRIFERA; BETULA-PENDULA; AGRILUS-ANXIUS; NARROW-SENSE HERITABILITY; SELECTION; CORRELATED TRAITS ID INSECTS AB A test of Michigan half-sib progeny of paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and European white birch (B. pendula Roth.) was conducted in Michigan to examine species variation in growth, bark color, and resistance to bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius Gory). Paper birch was superior to European white birch in height and borer resistance at age 12 years from seed. Families of paper birch were identified that grew exceptionally well, had developed white bark within 6 years, and exhibited borer resistance. The magnitude of additive genetic variance and narrow-sense family heritability estimates for paper birch indicated that sufficient genetic variation and inheritance exist to support selection and breeding for height. Paper birch may be an acceptable substitute for European white birch as a landscape species in northeastern North America. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,E LANSING,MI 48823. RP MILLER, RO (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 116 IS 3 BP 580 EP 584 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FJ118 UT WOS:A1991FJ11800039 ER PT J AU STUBBLEFIELD, RD GREER, JI SHOTWELL, OL AIKENS, AM AF STUBBLEFIELD, RD GREER, JI SHOTWELL, OL AIKENS, AM TI RAPID IMMUNOCHEMICAL SCREENING METHOD FOR AFLATOXIN-B1 IN HUMAN AND ANIMAL URINE SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Article ID CLEARANCE; TISSUES; CORN AB A method has been developed to determine the presence of aflatoxin B1 in the urine of animals (including humans) by utilizing commercial immunochemical kits that can be used in the field. Urine is treated with diatomaceous earth and filtered to clarify the sample; 2-3 ppb aflatoxin B1, corresponding to about 300 ppb in the ingested feed/food, can be detected in the filtered urine without further purification. To improve sensitivity, the urine filtrate is passed through a C18 solid phase column to extract the aflatoxin. The column is washed with acetonitrile-water (15 + 85) and water, aflatoxin B1 is eluted with methanol-water (7 + 3), and water is added to the eluate, which is then tested for aflatoxin with the test kit. The limit of detection is 0.2 ppb, reflecting consumption of 40 ppb or more aflatoxin in the feed/food. When the initial sample volume is adequate, purification through the C18 column step is usually sufficient. For limited sample volumes, the eluate from the C18 column is mixed with water, added to an immunosorbent affinity column, and washed with water to remove excess sample matrix and impurities. Aflatoxin B1 is eluted with acetonitrile. The extract is evaporated under nitrogen and the residue is redissolved in methanol-water (25 + 75). At this purification stage, the limit of detection is reduced to 0.05 ppb. RP STUBBLEFIELD, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 74 IS 3 BP 530 EP 532 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FN229 UT WOS:A1991FN22900021 PM 1908454 ER PT J AU MOLITOR, TW ORAVEERAKUL, K ZHANG, QQ CHOI, CS LUDEMANN, LR AF MOLITOR, TW ORAVEERAKUL, K ZHANG, QQ CHOI, CS LUDEMANN, LR TI POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION (PCR) AMPLIFICATION FOR THE DETECTION OF PORCINE PARVOVIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE PORCINE PARVOVIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; DETECTION OF VIRAL DNA ID B19 DNA; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; INFECTION; ANEMIA; PATHOGENESIS; PERSISTENCE; FAILURE AB A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification method was developed and evaluated to detect porcine parvovirus (PPV). A pair of 20-base primers and an oligonucleotide probe were derived from the DNA sequences common to two isolates of PPV, NADL-8 and NADL-2. The primers flanked 118-bp nucleotides within the region coding for the major structural protein VP2. After DNA amplification of PPV replicative form (RF), a 158-bp fragment was detected in agarose gels. This amplified fragment was shown to be specific for PPV DNA after Southern transfer and hybridization to a 20-base internal probe. The amplified fragment also contained a single EcoRI cleavage site. Various conditions, such as number of cycles and annealing temperature, were examined to optimize the conditions for detecting viral DNAs from infected cell cultures and swine fetal tissues. Four different isolates of PPV, NADL-8, NADL-2, KBSH and Kresse, and two other viruses, canine parvovirus (CPV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV), were included to determine specificity of amplification. Slot blot hybridization with a radiolabeled probe was used to evaluated the sensitivity of PCR amplification. The optimized protocol was specific for PPV detecting equally all four strains of PPV, but failing to amplify CPV or PRV sequences. The PCR method could detect at least 100 fg of viral replicative form (RF) DNA or the equivalent of 1 PFU of infectious virus. The applications of this method include routine detection of PPV in clinical samples and as a contaminant in mammalian cell lines. C1 USDA,APHIS,S&T,NATL VET SERV LABS,BIOL VIROL LAB,AMES,IA 50010. RP MOLITOR, TW (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,COLL VET MED,DEPT CLIN & POPULAT SCI,225 VET TEACHING HOSP,1365 GORTNER AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 26 TC 46 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAY PY 1991 VL 32 IS 2-3 BP 201 EP 211 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(91)90051-Z PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA FU983 UT WOS:A1991FU98300009 PM 1874916 ER PT J AU SAIZ, JC GONZALEZ, MJ BORCA, MV SOBRINO, F MOORE, DM AF SAIZ, JC GONZALEZ, MJ BORCA, MV SOBRINO, F MOORE, DM TI IDENTIFICATION OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIGENIC SITES ON VP1 AND VP2 OF TYPE-A5 FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS, DEFINED BY NEUTRALIZATION-RESISTANT VARIANTS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CONFORMATIONAL SITES; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; VIRAL PROTEIN; CELL-CULTURE; EPITOPES; RNA; TRANSLATION; GENOME AB Five neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nMAbs) obtained against type A5 Spain-86 foot-and-mouth disease virus were used to generate a series of neutralization-resistant variants. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that the variants were fully refractory to neutralization by the selecting nMAb. On the basis of cross-neutralization and binding assays, two neutralizing antigenic sites have been located on the virus surface; one, located near the C-terminus of VP1, displayed a linear epitope, and the second, located on VP2, displayed two conformational epitopes. Nucleotide sequencing of RNA of the parental and variant capsid protein-coding region P1 has placed the amino acid changes at position 198 of VP1 for the first site and at positions 72 and 79 of VP2 for the related epitopes in the second site. The relative importance of these two sites in the biological properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus is discussed. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,MOLEC BIOL LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. INST NACL INVEST AGR,DEPT SANIDAD ANIM,E-28012 MADRID,SPAIN. OI Sobrino, Francisco/0000-0003-4968-8291 NR 49 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 65 IS 5 BP 2518 EP 2524 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA FG777 UT WOS:A1991FG77700046 PM 1707983 ER PT J AU LARSON, BA KNUDSON, MK AF LARSON, BA KNUDSON, MK TI WHOSE PRICE WINS - INSTITUTIONAL AND TECHNICAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,INST PUBL POLICY STUDIES,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP LARSON, BA (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 67 IS 2 BP 213 EP 224 DI 10.2307/3146412 PG 12 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FL558 UT WOS:A1991FL55800006 ER PT J AU LARSON, BA AF LARSON, BA TI THE CAUSES OF LAND DEGRADATION ALONG SPONTANEOUSLY EXPANDING AGRICULTURAL FRONTIERS IN THE THIRD-WORLD - COMMENT SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Note RP LARSON, BA (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 67 IS 2 BP 260 EP 266 DI 10.2307/3146416 PG 7 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FL558 UT WOS:A1991FL55800010 ER PT J AU BILYK, A PIAZZA, GJ BISTLINE, RG HAAS, MJ AF BILYK, A PIAZZA, GJ BISTLINE, RG HAAS, MJ TI SEPARATION OF CHOLESTEROL, AND FATTY ACYLGLYCEROLS, ACIDS AND AMIDES BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID LIPIDS; FRACTIONS; PLATE AB A rapid unidimensional thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method for the separation of neutral lipids is described, using two sequential solvent systems of different polarity. Excellent separations of mono-, di- and triglycerides, fatty acids, fatty amides, and cholesterol are thereby achieved. Separation is accomplished at room temperature and requires 25 min. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. OI Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 10 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD MAY PY 1991 VL 26 IS 5 BP 405 EP 406 DI 10.1007/BF02537208 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA FM582 UT WOS:A1991FM58200015 ER PT J AU CHRISTENSEN, AM SCHAEFER, J KRAMER, KJ AF CHRISTENSEN, AM SCHAEFER, J KRAMER, KJ TI COMPARISON OF ROTATIONAL-ECHO DOUBLE-RESONANCE AND DOUBLE-CROSS-POLARIZATION NMR FOR DETECTION OF WEAK HETERONUCLEAR DIPOLAR COUPLING IN SOLIDS SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE REDOR; DOUBLE-CROSS-POLARIZATION; SOLIDS NMR; C-13-N-15 DIPOLAR COUPLING; MAGIC-ANGLE SPINNING; INSECT CUTICLE AB Insect exoskeleton, multiply labeled with C-13 and N-15, was examined by rotational-echo double-resonance (REDOR) and double-cross-polarization (DCP) magic-angle spinning C-13 NMR. Low levels of incorporation of label make the analysis of these samples a practical test of the relative advantages of REDOR and DCP for the detection of weak, heteronuclear dipolar coupling between rare spins in solids. The sensitivity of REDOR for the detection of directly bonded C-13-N-15 pairs is an order of magnitude greater than that of DCP when neither label is involved in homonuclear dipolar coupling of strength comparable to the spinning frequency. However, if either of the C-13 or N-15 labels undergoes homonuclear spin flips, DCP gains in relative sensitivity and is easier to use for spin counting than REDOR. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0749-1581 J9 MAGN RESON CHEM JI Magn. Reson. Chem. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 29 IS 5 BP 418 EP 421 DI 10.1002/mrc.1260290503 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA FM549 UT WOS:A1991FM54900002 ER PT J AU HERGENROEDER, AC WONG, WW FIOROTTO, ML SMITH, EO KLISH, WJ AF HERGENROEDER, AC WONG, WW FIOROTTO, ML SMITH, EO KLISH, WJ TI TOTAL-BODY WATER AND FAT-FREE MASS IN BALLET DANCERS - COMPARING ISOTOPE-DILUTION AND TOBEC SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE ADOLESCENCE; ANOREXIA NERVOSA; DANCE; ATHLETICS ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ANOREXIA-NERVOSA; FEMALE DANCERS; AMENORRHEA AB Nine male and seven female high level ballet students had total body water (TBW) measured by two methods: 1) (H2O)-0-18 isotope dilution and 2) total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC). TBW from TOBEC measurements was calculated using an equation previously derived from adults, and these new measurements correlated highly with TBW by isotope dilution (r = 0.99, SEE = 0.78 kg). However, the difference between these two methods increased as TBW increased. Therefore, a new equation (ballet equation) was developed which improved the prediction of TBW for individuals (SEE = 0.69 kg) and for which the difference in TBW between isotope dilution and TOBEC was independent of the TBW value. Using age-adjusted hydration constants, the TBW measurements by isotope dilution were converted to fat-free mass, and these values were used to develop an accurate equation for predicting fat-free mass from TOBEC measurements (r = 0.99, SEE = 0.91 kg). In addition, we measured TBW and calculated FFM in ten control adolescents and used these values to develop equations for predicting TBW (r = 0.99, SEE = 1.01 kg) and FFM (r = 0.99, SEE = 1.42 kg) in a combined group of adolescent dancers and non-dancers. Total body water and fat-free mass can be accurately measured in adolescent ballet dancers and non-dancers using TOBEC. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. USDA,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP HERGENROEDER, AC (reprint author), BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,ADOLESCENT MED SECT,1 BAYLOR PLAZA,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-05425] NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 23 IS 5 BP 534 EP 541 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA FL297 UT WOS:A1991FL29700005 PM 2072831 ER PT J AU STEIN, TP RUMPLER, WV LESKIW, MJ STAPLES, R BODWELL, CE AF STEIN, TP RUMPLER, WV LESKIW, MJ STAPLES, R BODWELL, CE TI EFFECT OF REDUCED DIETARY-INTAKE ON ENERGY-EXPENDITURE, PROTEIN-TURNOVER, AND GLUCOSE CYCLING IN MAN SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID STARVATION; KINETICS; HUMANS C1 USDA,ENERGY & PROTEIN NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP STEIN, TP (reprint author), UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,SCH OSTEOPATH MED,DEPT SURG,401 HADDON AVE,CAMDEN,NJ 08103, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK35612] NR 28 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 40 IS 5 BP 478 EP 483 DI 10.1016/0026-0495(91)90228-O PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA FL052 UT WOS:A1991FL05200007 PM 2023534 ER PT J AU FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD AF FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD TI THE ROLE OF THE ADRENALS IN COPPER DEFICIENCY SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; MYOCARDIAL HYPERTROPHY; DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE; EPINEPHRINE; RATS; CARDIOMYOPATHY; CATECHOLAMINES; NOREPINEPHRINE; ELEVATION; SUCROSE C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,DIV ENDOCRINOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. RP FIELDS, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 40 IS 5 BP 540 EP 544 DI 10.1016/0026-0495(91)90238-R PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA FL052 UT WOS:A1991FL05200017 PM 2023541 ER PT J AU BARTA, JR JENKINS, MC DANFORTH, HD AF BARTA, JR JENKINS, MC DANFORTH, HD TI EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS OF AVIAN EIMERIA SPECIES AMONG OTHER APICOMPLEXAN PROTOZOA - MONOPHYLY OF THE APICOMPLEXA IS SUPPORTED SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE RIBOSOMAL RNA; SEQUENCING; MAXIMUM PARSIMONY; APICOMPLEXA; A PRIORI EDITING; PHYLOGENY ID SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENE SEQUENCE AB Direct, reverse transcriptase-mediated, partial sequencing of the small-subunit (16S-like) ribosomal RNA (srRNA) of Eimeria tenella and E. acervulina was performed. Sequences were aligned by eye with six previously published, partial or complete srRNA sequences of apicomplexan protists (Plasmodium berghei, Theileria annulata, Cryptosporidium sp., Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis muris, and S. gigantea). Six eukaryotic protists (a slime mold, a yeast, two dinoflagellates, and two ciliates) acted as an outgroup for a parsimony-based phylogenetic analysis (PAUP Ver. 3.0.). The 188 phylogenetically informative sites (i.e., those positions that neither were unvaried nor had only autapomorphic substitutions) supported a single tree topology 481 steps in length with a consistency index of 0.65 in which the monophyly of the Apicomplexa was supported. The two Eimeria species and S. muris, S. gigantea, and T. gondii formed a pair of monophyletic groups that were sister groups. The two Sarcocystis species were not hypothesized to be sister taxa. The genera Plasmodium and Cryptosporidium were hypothesized to form the sister group to these five coccidia and T. annulata. A priori data-editing techniques that deleted "variable" positions prior to analysis failed to recognize the monophyly of the Apicomplexa when the same parsimony-based tree-building algorithm was used. Inability of the outgroup taxa to root the well-supported ingroup tree (Apicomplexa) at a unique site when these taxa were used individually for this purpose reinforces the need for an appropriate, multiple-taxon outgroup in such analyses. C1 USDA,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP BARTA, JR (reprint author), UNIV GUELPH,ONTARIO VET COLL,DEPT PATHOL,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. OI Barta, John/0000-0001-6896-2271 NR 22 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 8 IS 3 BP 345 EP 355 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA FH396 UT WOS:A1991FH39600006 PM 2072862 ER PT J AU WUBAH, DA FULLER, MS AKIN, DE AF WUBAH, DA FULLER, MS AKIN, DE TI STUDIES ON CAECOMYCES-COMMUNIS - MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CAECOMYCES; RUMEN FUNGI; MORPHOLOGY; MYCELIOID THALLUS; VEGETATIVE CELL ID ZOOSPORE ULTRASTRUCTURE; SPHAEROMONAS-COMMUNIS; FUNGI; PHYSIOLOGY; CECUM AB The development of Caecomyces communis was studied with light and fluorescence microscopy. Caecomyces communis is a monocentric fungus which develops to form either a thallus consisting of one or more sporangia attached to a vegetative cell or a mycelioid thallus. During the formation of a vegetative cell with attached sporangia, the posteriorly uniflagellate zoospore encysts and produces a broad germ tube which develops into an incipient vegetative cell. The vegetative cell enlarges faster than the zoospore cyst which develops into an incipient sporangium. A unisporangiate thallus consists of one sporangium attached to a large, vacuolate, vegetable cell. Thallus development may terminate at this unisporangiate stage or further development into a multisporangiate thallus may occur. During multisporangiate thallus formation, the vegetative cell forms one or more outgrowths that become sporangial stalks. Nuclei occur within the vegetative cell and, at maturity, sporangia are formed at the tips of the outgrowths. Often, instead of forming sporangia at the tips of outgrowths produced by the vegetative cell, the outgrowths enlarge into thick filaments. These filaments branch extensively and nuclei occur within the branches. Sporangia are formed at the tips of such filaments which results in a mycelioid thallus. The development and morphology of C. communis and C. equi are compared. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BOT,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 83 IS 3 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.2307/3759990 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA FU076 UT WOS:A1991FU07600007 ER PT J AU BAYMAN, P COTTY, PJ AF BAYMAN, P COTTY, PJ TI IMPROVED MEDIA FOR SELECTING NITRATE-NONUTILIZING MUTANTS IN ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; NITRATE-NONUTILIZING MUTANTS; NIT; CHLORATE; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY ID MONILIFORME GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; CHLORATE TOXICITY; REDUCTASE GENE; NIDULANS; TRANSFORMATION; FUNGI; ASSIMILATION; STRAINS AB Selection and identification of nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants of Aspergillus flavus was compared on six chlorate-containing agar media. Three isolates of A. flavus were used. Nit mutants isolated comprised three phenotypic classes, equivalent to niaD, nirA-, and cnx mutants of A. nidulans. There were significant differences among isolates and among media in number and types of nit mutants isolated. The most effective medium contained only nitrate as a nitrogen source, whereas most previously described media for isolation of nit mutants contain both nitrate and an amino acid. Morphology of nit mutants was more distinctive on this medium than on other media. The nitrate-only medium yielded mainly niaD mutants; other media yielded more nirA- mutants, which complement niaD mutants. Few cnx mutants were found. Use of a nitrate-only medium in conjunction with another medium should optimize isolation of nit mutants and complementary pairs of mutants. RP BAYMAN, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 21 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 83 IS 3 BP 311 EP 316 DI 10.2307/3759991 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA FU076 UT WOS:A1991FU07600008 ER PT J AU LOGRIECO, A VESONDER, RF PETERSON, SW BOTTALICO, A AF LOGRIECO, A VESONDER, RF PETERSON, SW BOTTALICO, A TI REEXAMINATION OF THE TAXONOMIC DISPOSITION OF AND DEOXYNIVALENOL PRODUCTION BY FUSARIUM-NIVALE NRRL 3289 SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Note DE RIBOSOMAL RNA COMPARISON; DEOXYNIVALENOL; MICRODOCHIUM-NIVALE ID RNA SEQUENCES; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; EVOLUTION; ACID C1 USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP LOGRIECO, A (reprint author), IST TOSSINE & MICOTOSSINE PARASSITI VEGETALE,CNR,VIA AMENDOLA 197-F,I-70126 BARI,ITALY. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 83 IS 3 BP 367 EP 370 DI 10.2307/3759997 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA FU076 UT WOS:A1991FU07600014 ER PT J AU MEOLA, SM WRIGHT, MS HOLMAN, GM THOMPSON, JM AF MEOLA, SM WRIGHT, MS HOLMAN, GM THOMPSON, JM TI IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF LEUCOMYOSUPPRESSIN-LIKE PEPTIDES IN THE CNS OF THE COCKROACH, LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE SO NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NEUROPEPTIDES; MYOINHIBITORY; INSECT; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; AVIDIN-PEROXIDASE ID INSECT NEUROPEPTIDE; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; AMIDE-LIKE; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; PERIPLANETA; NEURONS; LOCUST AB Immunocytochemistry was used to determine sites of synthesis and pathways for the transport of the neuropeptide, Leucomyosuppressin (pQDVDHVFLRFamide) in the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae. This study led to identification of neurons in the brain and thoracic ganglia reactive to polyclonal antibodies raised against this peptide. No immunoreactive cells were found in the subesophageal or abdominal ganglia. Although the corpus cardiacum contained no intrinsic cells immunoreactive to LMS antibodies, the periphery of this organ and that of the nervi corporis allati contain an abundance of LMS-reactive terminals. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP MEOLA, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0364-3190 J9 NEUROCHEM RES JI Neurochem. Res. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 16 IS 5 BP 543 EP 549 DI 10.1007/BF00974872 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA GD503 UT WOS:A1991GD50300005 PM 1754030 ER PT J AU EISSENSTAT, DM SYVERTSEN, JP DEAN, TJ YELENOSKY, G JOHNSON, ID AF EISSENSTAT, DM SYVERTSEN, JP DEAN, TJ YELENOSKY, G JOHNSON, ID TI SENSITIVITY OF FROST-RESISTANCE AND GROWTH IN CITRUS AND AVOCADO TO CHRONIC OZONE EXPOSURE SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE AIR POLLUTION; PERSEA; CITRUS; OZONE; COLD HARDINESS; FROST RESISTANCE ID PINUS-TAEDA L; NORWAY SPRUCE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; WINTER HARDINESS; WATER RELATIONS; COLD HARDINESS; ACID MIST; SEEDLINGS; TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES AB The effects of elevated levels of ozone on growth and frost resistance were studied using broadleaf-evergreen citrus and avocado trees. 'Ruby Red' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi L.) trees on either Volkamer lemon (Citrus volkameriana Ten. & Pasq.) or sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) rootstocks and 'Simmonds' or 'Pancho' avocado trees (Persea americana Mill.) on the rootstock 'Waldin' were exposed to ozone in open-top chambers for 4 months in 1988 and for 8 months in a second experiment in 1989. The ambient ozone concentration, averaged over a 12 h day, was 30.1 nl l-1 in 1988 and 39.1 nl l-1 in 1989 during the exposure period. Citrus tree growth, estimated by total leaf mass, was unaffected by ozone concentrations of 3 x ambient in either year but the growth of avocado in 1989 was reduced 20 and 61% by ozone concentrations at 2 x and 3 x ambient, respectively. Frost resistance, estimated by electrolyte leakage from leaf disks and from survival of leaves, stems and whole plants following exposure to freezing temperatures, was often diminished in avocado and citrus at 3 x ambient ozone, but occasionally was increased at 2 x ambient. The effects of chronic ozone exposure on frost resistance were generally subtle; 3 x ambient ozone exposure in 1989 compared to 0.3 x only caused the temperature for 50% electrolyte leakage (LT50) to increase less than 1-degrees-C (-5.3 to -4.8-degrees-C) in citrus and about 2-degrees-C (-8.0 to -5.8-degrees-C) in avocado. Nevertheless, the tests for frost resistance on whole plants indicated that these differences could have a substantial impact on stem and plant survival if the frost was at a critical temperature. The likelihood that chronic ozone exposure currently affects citrus frost resistance in Florida appears slight. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT FORESTRY,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RP EISSENSTAT, DM (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,700 EXPT STN RD,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850, USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 118 IS 1 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1991.tb00574.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FP198 UT WOS:A1991FP19800015 ER PT J AU HANSON, CL AF HANSON, CL TI THE EFFECT OF OBSERVATION TIME AND SAMPLING FREQUENCY ON MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM, MINIMUM AND AVERAGE TEMPERATURE SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The use of long-term temperature data for climatic, ecohydrologic and other studies must be scrutinized carefully because of the average daily differences due to time of observation (TOB). In this study, data from three climatic stations in the Reynolds Creek Watershed in southwest Idaho were used to determine if TOB had the same effect on average daily temperature at each location and if average temperature computed from 144 observations per day was the same as average temperature computed using the traditional method. No consistent differences between sites were found; however, in the spring and fall, average daily temperatures differed by as much as 1-degrees-C between 0600 and 1600 TOB. Average temperatures from 0700 and 0800 TOB were closest to midnight observations. Average temperatures from afternoon TOB were all higher than from midnight observations. Average daily temperatures computed from 10 min interval data, ending at TOB, were as much as 0.8-degrees-C less than the average computed from daily maximum and minimum values for 0800 through 1900 TOB. For 0600 and 0700 TOB, average temperatures computed from 10 min interval data were both less than and greater than averages computed by the usual method depending on time of year. The significance of our findings is that studies which require historical temperature records and where only small changes in temperature are expected, such as climate change modeling, will be difficult to verify. Also, mean daily temperature will change at locations when several readings are used to compute mean daily temperature rather than computing mean daily temperature from the daily maximum and minimum temperatures. RP HANSON, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,800 PK BLVD,PLAZA IV,SUITE 105,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 65 IS 3 BP 101 EP 108 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FQ069 UT WOS:A1991FQ06900003 ER PT J AU OSILESI, O TROUT, DL OGUNWOLE, JO GLOVER, EE AF OSILESI, O TROUT, DL OGUNWOLE, JO GLOVER, EE TI BLOOD-PRESSURE AND PLASMA-LIPIDS DURING ASCORBIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION IN BORDERLINE HYPERTENSIVE AND NORMOTENSIVE ADULTS SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-C; ASCORBIC ACID; BLOOD PRESSURE; PULSE PRESSURE; SERUM CHOLESTEROL ID UNITED-STATES; LIPOPROTEINS; CHOLESTEROL AB In order to clarify the relationship of vitamin C to hypertension, a tablet of 1000 mg ascorbic acid (AA) or a placebo was supplied daily to 20 adult subjects for two 6-week periods in a randomized, crossover design. The subjects consumed self-selected diets and were in good vitamin C status; and 12 were classified as borderline hypertensive. AA supplementation reduced systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure but did not affect diastolic blood pressure. Total plasma cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and total triglyceride were not affected. It appears that vitamin C supplementation may have therapeutic value in human hypertensive disease. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. ALCORN STATE UNIV,DEPT HOME ECON,LORMAN,MS 39096. NR 22 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 11 IS 5 BP 405 EP 412 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80002-8 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FE233 UT WOS:A1991FE23300002 ER PT J AU HUNT, JR LYKKEN, GI MULLEN, LK AF HUNT, JR LYKKEN, GI MULLEN, LK TI MODERATE AND HIGH AMOUNTS OF PROTEIN FROM CASEIN ENHANCE HUMAN ABSORPTION OF ZINC FROM WHOLE-WHEAT OR WHITE ROLLS SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ZINC ABSORPTION; PROTEIN; CASEIN; BIOAVAILABILITY ID ADULT MALES; PHOSPHORUS LEVELS; COMPOSITE MEALS; DIETARY-PROTEIN; CALCIUM; COPPER; FOODS; RETENTION; ZN-65; RAT AB The enhancement of zinc absorption by protein was investigated using a broad range of ingested protein in combination with either whole-wheat or white rolls. Twenty or 40 g of protein from casein were added to rolls containing 10 g protein; zinc content was adjusted to 4 mg. The rolls were extrinsically labelled with Zn-65 and fed to 20 healthy participants. Zinc absorption was measured by whole body scintillation counting. Average (+/- SD) zinc absorption ranged from 8 +/- 4% for the whole-wheat rolls with the least protein to 26 +/- 7% for the white rolls with the most protein. Less zinc was absorbed from whole-wheat than from white rolls containing the same amount of zinc. The protein and type of flour did not interact to affect zinc absorption. As protein increased from 10 to 50 g, zinc absorption was enhanced with no indication that maximum enhancement had been achieved. RP HUNT, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 11 IS 5 BP 413 EP 418 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80003-X PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FE233 UT WOS:A1991FE23300003 ER PT J AU POND, WG MERSMANN, HJ AF POND, WG MERSMANN, HJ TI SUBSEQUENT RESPONSE TO EARLY DIET CHOLESTEROL AND FEED RESTRICTION IN SWINE SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PIGS; SERUM CHOLESTEROL; LIVER CHOLESTEROL; LIQUID DIETS; ARTIFICIAL REARING; GROWTH ID SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; MILK; RAT; PLASMA; METABOLISM; FATS; LIFE; BEEF; PIGS AB Three four-way cross (Chester White x Landrace x Large White x Yorkshire) female pigs from each of twelve litters were used. One pig from each trio remained with its primiparous dam and its other littermates to age 28 d. Two pigs from each trio were removed to individual boxes at age 24 to 36 h and fed liquid sow-milk substitute containing low cholesterol (14 mg/100 g) or high cholesterol (151 mg/100 g) to age 28 d. All pigs were weaned to a dry diet containing 182 mg cholesterol/100 g to age 12 wk and 115 mg cholesterol/100 g from age 12 wk to 20 wk. Carcass measurements and organ weights were recorded at slaughter (20 wk) and liver was analyzed for cholesterol. Body weights were recorded weekly to 28 d and bi-weekly thereafter; serum total cholesterol was determined on d 1, 28, 56, 84, 112 and 136. Sow-reared (SR) pigs were heavier (P < 0.01) at age 28 d than sow-milk substitute-reared pigs and the difference persisted to age 20 wk. Weights of trimmed Boston butt, picnic, loin and ham and of liver, heart, spleen, kidneys, except brain, were reduced (P < 0.01) proportionately in sow-milk substitute-reared compared with SR pigs, but HC and LC were similar to each other. Serum cholesterol of LC pigs was less than that of HC and SR pigs by d 28 (77, 171 and 145 mg/100 mL, respectively, P < 0.01). Serum cholesterol response curves over time and peak concentration were less for LC than HC and SR (LC < HC < SR, P < 0.01). Peak concentration was reached later in LC than in HC and SR pigs (91, 70 and 70 d, respectively, P < 0.01). Liver cholesterol concentration was unaffected by early cholesterol deprivation (LC vs HC) or by reduced growth due to early weaning to liquid diets. It is concluded that dietary cholesterol deprivation of pigs during the first 4 wk of postnatal life reduced the serum cholesterol response to a high cholesterol diet fed from age 4 wk to 20 wk, but had no effect on concentrations of cholesterol in liver at age 20 wk. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 11 IS 5 BP 461 EP 469 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80008-9 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FE233 UT WOS:A1991FE23300008 ER PT J AU SCHOENE, NW CHURCH, JP AF SCHOENE, NW CHURCH, JP TI DIFFERENTIAL-EFFECTS OF DIETARY FATS ON AGGREGATION OF PLATELETS FROM RATS SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PLATELETS; AGGREGATION; COLLAGEN; FLUORIDE; FISH OIL; DIETARY FAT ID PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES; PHOSPHOLIPASE-C; SODIUM-FLUORIDE; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; FREE CALCIUM; COLLAGEN; GTP; STIMULATION; PROTEINS AB Diets containing either n-3 fatty acids (menhaden oil) or n-6 fatty acids (corn oil) as the lipid source were fed to rats for 1 week to alter the fatty acid composition of platelet membrane phospholipids. Platelets from both dietary groups of rats were isolated by gel-filtration and challanged with agonists that induce platelet responses by different mechanisms: collagen; the thromboxane mimetic, U46619; and fluoride. The ingestion of menhaden oil resulted in a lower responsiveness of platelets with the first two agonists, which act through membrane receptors. However, aggregation induced by fluoride, which bypasses outer membrane receptors, did not differ between platelets from the two dietary groups. These results suggest that dietary marine oils act to dampen cellular sensitivity to signals initiated by pro-aggregatory agonists binding to membrane receptors rather than to signals produced indiscriminately at the post-receptor level. RP SCHOENE, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 11 IS 5 BP 479 EP 489 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80010-7 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FE233 UT WOS:A1991FE23300010 ER PT J AU LEHNEN, LP VAUGHN, KC AF LEHNEN, LP VAUGHN, KC TI IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AND ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS OF DCPA-TREATED OAT ROOTS SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INHIBITION; DISRUPTION; MITOSIS C1 USDA ARS, SO WEED SERV LAB, POB 350, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 EI 1095-9939 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 40 IS 1 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(91)90047-P PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA FK843 UT WOS:A1991FK84300004 ER PT J AU LEHNEN, LP VAUGHN, KC AF LEHNEN, LP VAUGHN, KC TI IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AND ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE EFFECTS OF DITHIOPYR ON ONION ROOT-TIPS SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROTUBULE POLYMERIZATION INVITRO; DINITROANILINE HERBICIDE; ORYZALIN; ELEUSINE C1 USDA ARS, SO WEED SCI LAB, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 EI 1095-9939 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 40 IS 1 BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(91)90048-Q PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA FK843 UT WOS:A1991FK84300005 ER PT J AU SWART, WJ WINGFIELD, MJ PALMER, MA BLANCHETTE, RA AF SWART, WJ WINGFIELD, MJ PALMER, MA BLANCHETTE, RA TI VARIATION AMONG SOUTH-AFRICAN ISOLATES OF SPHAEROPSIS-SAPINEA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ISOZYME ANALYSIS; PINUS-RADIATA ID PINUS; ULMI AB Ten isolates of Sphaeropsis sapinea (syn. Diplodia pinea) obtained from various naturally infected Pinus spp. in South Africa were screened for differences in cultural characteristics, virulence, and isozyme profiles of five enzymes. Considerable variation among isolates existed in the length and width of conidia, but this did not allow for the separation of isolates into specific groups. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that two isolates had distinct pits over the entire outer surface of 30% of the conidia examined. Three isolates consistently had smooth conidia, and five isolates were considered intermediate. The latter had some entirely smooth conidia and some with small indentations that were not distinct pits and occurred on only parts of individual conidia. Three isolates grew more slowly (P = 0.01) on five culture media tested and at 20 and 25 C on malt extract agar. There was a significant positive correlation between in vitro growth rate and virulence of the 10 isolates in growth chamber and field inoculations. The isozyme banding patterns of the three isolates with smooth-walled conidia and four intermediate isolates were identical to those of a typical smooth-spored isolate of S. sapinea from the north central United States for each of the five enzymes tested. The banding patterns of the two isolates with pitted conidia and one intermediate isolate were identical to those of isolates that had smooth conidia for all enzymes except malic dehydrogenase. None of the 10 local isolates displayed banding patterns associated with a typical isolate of S. sapinea having pitted conidia from the north central United States. C1 UNIV ORANGE FREE STATE,DEPT MICROBIOL,BLOEMFONTEIN 9300,SOUTH AFRICA. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,FOREST SERV,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP SWART, WJ (reprint author), UNIV ORANGE FREE STATE,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BLOEMFONTEIN 9300,SOUTH AFRICA. RI Wingfield, Michael/A-9473-2008 NR 20 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1991 VL 81 IS 5 BP 489 EP 493 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-489 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FH784 UT WOS:A1991FH78400001 ER PT J AU BOWEN, KL EVERTS, KL LEATH, S AF BOWEN, KL EVERTS, KL LEATH, S TI REDUCTION IN YIELD OF WINTER-WHEAT IN NORTH-CAROLINA DUE TO POWDERY MILDEW AND LEAF RUST SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLUMERIA-GRAMINIS F SP TRITICI; CROP LOSSES; PUCCINIA-RECONDITA F SP TRITICI; TRITICUM AESTIVUM ID TRIADIMENOL SEED TREATMENT; FOLIAR FUNGICIDES; EPIDEMICS; SEPTORIA; NODORUM; SPRAYS; BLOTCH AB The relationships between yield reductions and severity of powdery mildew and leaf rust were examined on winter wheat cultivars Saluda and Coker 983. Plots were established in central and eastern North Carolina in the fall of 1987 and 1988. Triadimefon and/or benomyl were applied to wheat foliage for control of powdery mildew and leaf rust. Significant differences in disease development resulted from fungicide treatments, from differences in resistance of the cultivars, and from different environments. Differences in 500-kernel weight and grain yield were observed even when upper leaves had little disease in some environments. At one location in both years, tillers per meter row and kernels per head were reduced, apparently due to early-season powdery mildew epidemics. Both powdery mildew and leaf rust can reduce yield of winter wheat to a similar degree in the southeastern United States by occurring both before and after stem emergence. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP BOWEN, KL (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1991 VL 81 IS 5 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-503 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FH784 UT WOS:A1991FH78400003 ER PT J AU BONDE, MR PETERSON, GL EMMETT, RW MENGE, JA AF BONDE, MR PETERSON, GL EMMETT, RW MENGE, JA TI ISOZYME COMPARISONS OF SEPTORIA ISOLATES ASSOCIATED WITH CITRUS IN AUSTRALIA AND THE UNITED-STATES SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Septoria cultures isolated from citrus have sometimes been referred to in Australia as S. depressa and in the United States only as S. citri. However, it is not clear whether S. depressa and S. citri are the same or different species. To help determine the answer, isozymes of Septoria isolated from citrus in Australia and the United States were compared. Of 28 isolates studied (18 from Australia and 10 from the United States, spanning the observed morphological variation in each country) for 25 enzymes, only one isolate (AUS 335) from Australia was markedly different. The average coefficient of similarity comparing all possible pairs of isolates, except AUS 335, was 0.97, indicating little isozyme variation. Twenty-three of 25 enzymes had no detectable variation in these isolates. The average coefficient of similarity comparing AUS 335 to other isolates was 0.58. Based on the data, these isolates (except the aberrant isolate AUS 335) are of the same species. C1 SUNRAYSIA HORT RES INST,DEPT AGR & RURAL AFFAIRS,IRYMPLE,AUSTRALIA. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP BONDE, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT DETRICK,BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1991 VL 81 IS 5 BP 517 EP 521 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-517 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FH784 UT WOS:A1991FH78400005 ER PT J AU GRAY, SM POWER, AG SMITH, DM SEAMAN, AJ ALTMAN, NS AF GRAY, SM POWER, AG SMITH, DM SEAMAN, AJ ALTMAN, NS TI APHID TRANSMISSION OF BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS - ACQUISITION ACCESS PERIODS AND VIRUS CONCENTRATION REQUIREMENTS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LUTEOVIRUS; PERSISTENT TRANSMISSION ID FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; SPECIFICITY; RESISTANCE; VECTOR AB The duration of access periods and the availability of virus in source plants are two factors that influence the transmission of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) by its aphid vectors. This study was conducted to quantify the relationships among acquisition access period (AAP), virus titer in infected oats, and transmission of three isolates of BYDV from New York by two aphid vector species. Thirteen AAPs, ranging from 15 min to 72 hr, were examined, and virus titer was quantified from each virus source leaf by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Two leaves from each plant were used as independent virus sources to test the effect of leaf age, in addition to virus titer, on acquisition efficiency. The older leaf on each source plant almost always contained less virus. The NY isolates of BYDV, RPV and PAV, were acquired by Rhopalosiphum padi within a 15-min AAP; however, a 1- to 2-hr or 2- to 3-hr AAP was required for 50% of the aphids to transmit PAV or RPV, respectively. The difference in virus titer among source leaves did not affect the ability of R. padi to transmit RPV, but did influence the transmission of PAV. Sitobion avenae required a 30-min AAP to acquire the MAV and PAV isolates of BYDV. Fifty percent of the aphids were able to transmit MAV or PAV after a 4- to 6-hr or 10- to 12-hr AAP, respectively. The ability of S. avenae to transmit MAV and PAV was significantly lower for older leaves. Analyses of the transmission and titer data revealed that the lower virus content of the older leaves accounted for the significant reduction in virus transmission by S. avenae. The transmission efficiency of various BYDV isolates is differentially influenced by several factors including aphid vector, length of acquisition feeding period, and physiological age of source tissue. In addition, our results suggest that virus titer, as it is affected by age and infection stage of the source tissue, can have a strong influence on acquisition and transmission efficiency of aphid vectors. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,ECOL & SYSTEMAT SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,BIOMETR UNIT,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP GRAY, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 24 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1991 VL 81 IS 5 BP 539 EP 545 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-539 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FH784 UT WOS:A1991FH78400010 ER PT J AU POWER, AG SEAMAN, AJ GRAY, SM AF POWER, AG SEAMAN, AJ GRAY, SM TI APHID TRANSMISSION OF BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS - INOCULATION ACCESS PERIODS AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC IMPLICATIONS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PERSISTENT TRANSMISSION ID FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; SITOBION-AVENAE; GRAIN APHIDS; IDENTIFICATION; OATS AB In this study, we examined the efficiency of transmission of three isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) from New York by two aphid species for the purpose of assessing the relative importance of these species as vectors. The influence of the duration of the aphid inoculation access period (IAP) on transmission was investigated for RPV and PAV isolates of BYDV transmitted by Rhopalosiphum padi and for MAV and PAV isolates transmitted by Sitobion avenae. For each aphid-isolate combination, 15 IAPs, ranging from 30 min to 72 hr, were tested. R. padi was equally effective at transmitting the RPV and PAV isolates; 33.3 and 24.6% of individual aphids transmitted RPV and PAV, respectively, given a 30-min IAP. For both isolates, 50% transmission required an IAP of approximately 2 hr. In contrast, S. avenae was less efficient in transmitting PAV and MAV. Given a 30-min IAP, 1.8% of individual aphids of S. avenae transmitted PAV, while 10.0% transmitted MAV. Fifty percent transmission required an IAP of 4-6 hr for MAV and approximately 72 hr for PAV. After a 72-hr IAP, 86.7% of individual aphids of R. padi transmitted PAV, but only 53.3% of individual aphids of S. avenae had done so. These results suggest that S. avenae is likely to play a secondary role in the spread of BYDV when it co-occurs with R. padi and when PAV-like isolates predominate. Moreover, these data may help to explain the coincident increase of PAV and decline of MAV in upstate New York during the past several decades. C1 USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP POWER, AG (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,ECOL & SYSTEMAT SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 18 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1991 VL 81 IS 5 BP 545 EP 548 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-545 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FH784 UT WOS:A1991FH78400011 ER PT J AU HOY, JW GRISHAM, MP CHAO, CP AF HOY, JW GRISHAM, MP CHAO, CP TI PRODUCTION OF SORI AND DISPERSAL OF TELIOSPORES OF USTILAGO-SCITAMINEA IN LOUISIANA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUGARCANE SMUT; DEPOSITION; GRADIENTS AB Production of sori by Ustilago scitaminea was monitored during two growing seasons in smut-inoculated sugarcane clones in Louisiana. The production of sori began during May, increased sharply during June, and continued at a lower rate through October. Smaller peaks in sorus production occurred in highly susceptible clones during August and October. Secondary infection cycles were detected in many highly and moderately susceptible clones and a few resistant clones. Sorus production began later and fewer sori were produced by resistant clones. Teliospore concentrations per cubic meter of air per day above the canopy increased with sorus production during June. Lower aerial spore concentrations during July and August were associated with increased precipitation. Aerial spore concentrations were reduced on average by 53 and 99% at distances of 15 and 135 m from the field. Mean spore concentrations increased during the afternoon and were highest from 5 to 7 p.m. Increasing spore concentrations were associated with increasing temperature and wind speed and decreasing relative humidity. The numbers of teliospores deposited on the soil within the crop were highest below and adjacent to sori, and then decreased rapidly with increasing distance. C1 USDA ARS,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,HOUMA,LA 70361. RP HOY, JW (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & CROP PHYSIOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1991 VL 81 IS 5 BP 574 EP 579 DI 10.1094/Phyto-81-574 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FH784 UT WOS:A1991FH78400016 ER PT J AU SALL, K SINCLAIR, TR AF SALL, K SINCLAIR, TR TI SOYBEAN GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN SENSITIVITY OF SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN-FIXATION TO SOIL DEHYDRATION SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE DROUGHT STRESS; GLYCINE-MAX; NITROGEN FIXATION; OSMOTIC POTENTIAL; SOYBEAN ID FIELD-GROWN SOYBEANS; ACETYLENE-REDUCTION; WATER; ACCUMULATION; LIMITATIONS; DROUGHT; STRESS; PLANT; YIELD AB Nitrogen fixation activity by soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) nodules has been shown to be especially sensitive to soil dehydration. Specifically, nitrogen fixation rates have been found to decrease in response to soil dehydration preceding alterations in plant gas exchange rates. The objective of this research was to investigate possible genetic variation in the sensitivity of soybean cultivars for nitrogen fixation rates in response to soil drying. Field tests showed substantial variation among cultivars with Jackson and CNS showing the least sensitivity in nitrogen accumulation to soil drying. Glasshouse experiments confirmed a large divergence among cultivars in the nitrogen fixation response to drought. Nitrogen fixation in Jackson was again found to be tolerant of soil drying, but the other five cultivars tested, including CNS, were found to be intolerant. Experiments with CNS which induced localized soil drying around the nodules did not result in decreases in nitrogen fixation rates, but rather nitrogen fixation responded to drying of the entire rooting volume. The osmotic potential of nodules was found to decrease markedly upon soil drying. However, the decrease in nodule osmotic potential occurred after significant decreases in nitrogen fixation rates had already been observed. Overall, the results of this study indicate that important genetic variations for sensitivity of nitrogen fixation to soil drying exist in soybean, and that the variation may be useful in physiology and breeding studies. RP SALL, K (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 12 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 1991 VL 133 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1007/BF00011896 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FK800 UT WOS:A1991FK80000005 ER PT J AU STOMMEL, JR SIMON, PW AF STOMMEL, JR SIMON, PW TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DAUCUS-CAROTA L CELL-LINES RESISTANT TO 2-DEOXY-D-GLUCOSE SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE CELL CULTURE; DAUCUS-CAROTA; 2-DEOXY-D-GLUCOSE; INVERTASE; SELECTION ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MUTANTS; INHIBITION; CULTURES; CARROT AB Variant carrot (Daucus carota L.) cell lines resistant to the growth inhibitory effects of the glucose analogue 2-deoxy-D-glucose (dGlc) were isolated utilizing a feeder plate technique. Growth of sensitive cells was less than 7.5% of controls on medium supplemented with 3.0 mM dGlc, whereas resistant variants achieved growth ranging from 15% to 70% of that in controls. Increased levels of acid invertase activity in variant cell lines in response to dGlc in the culture medium, together with decreased sensitivity of the acid invertase enzyme (EC 3.2.1.26) to dGlc, is proposed as one of several potential mechanisms contributing to the observed dGlc resistance. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 25 IS 2 BP 147 EP 152 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA FT704 UT WOS:A1991FT70400009 ER PT J AU JARRET, RL GAWEL, N AF JARRET, RL GAWEL, N TI CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL GROWTH-REGULATION OF SWEET-POTATO (IPOMOEA-BATATAS (L) LAM) IN VITRO SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE AXILLARY BUD CULTURE; GERMPLASM MAINTENANCE; GROWTH INHIBITION; MANNITOL; MINIMAL GROWTH; PHOTOPERIOD; SORBITOL; SUCROSE; TEMPERATURE ID GERMPLASM AB The need for conservation of biotic diversity is well recognized. However, improved techniques for the efficient, cost effective-preservation of plant germplasm are needed. The conservation and distribution of plant germplasm in vitro is gaining acceptance. However, increased usage is dependent upon the ability of curators to minimize culture maintenance requirements. This report examines the effect of various levels of sucrose, photoperiod, temperature, sorbitol and mannitol on minimal growth storage of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Growth was reduced 50% with a temperature reduction of from 21.1 to 15.6-degrees-C. Sucrose concentrations of 15 and 20 g l-1 resulted in reduced plant stature with few adverse effects on plantlet viability or morphology. Reduction of photoperiod from 16 to 4 h produced smaller, slightly chlorotic, but otherwise normal plants. The addition of sorbitol or mannitol to culture media generally produced undesirable effects on gross plant morphology and loss of apical dominance. Genotype X growth retarding treatment interactions were observed for all variables examined. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,EXPT STN,DEPT HORT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. RP JARRET, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,1109 EXPT ST,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 25 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA FT704 UT WOS:A1991FT70400010 ER PT J AU BRUCK, RI SHAFER, SR AF BRUCK, RI SHAFER, SR TI A ROLE FOR PLANT PATHOLOGISTS IN GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material RP BRUCK, RI (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 75 IS 5 BP 437 EP 437 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FH462 UT WOS:A1991FH46200001 ER PT J AU MADDEN, LV ELLIS, MA GROVE, GG REYNOLDS, KM WILSON, LL AF MADDEN, LV ELLIS, MA GROVE, GG REYNOLDS, KM WILSON, LL TI EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF LEATHER ROT OF STRAWBERRIES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPHTHORA-CACTORUM; SPLASH DISPERSAL; WETNESS DURATION; FRUIT; RAIN; TEMPERATURE; INOCULUM C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. US FOREST SERV,ANCHORAGE,AK. RP MADDEN, LV (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 75 IS 5 BP 439 EP 446 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FH462 UT WOS:A1991FH46200002 ER PT J AU BAUSHER, MG SWEENEY, MJ AF BAUSHER, MG SWEENEY, MJ TI FIELD DETECTION OF CITRUS BLIGHT USING IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID VALENCIA ORANGE TREES; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; SENSITIVE METHOD; PROTEINS; WATER; HEALTHY; TISSUES AB Eighty-six sweet orange trees from three Florida grove locations were diagnosed as being healthy or blighted using a western blot system with proteins extracted from citrus leaves. Extracted proteins were separated on 18% SDS-PAGE gels, electroblotted onto polyvinylidenedifluoride membrane, and probed with citrus blight antisera obtained from blighted citrus trees. This blot system was as reliable as conventional diagnostic systems and in several cases detected the presence of blight before increased tissue concentrations of zinc, decreased water uptake, and wilt were observed. Results were the same for samples taken during winter dormant periods and samples taken during spring growth. The use of leaf samples for the diagnosis of citrus blight has the advantage of allowing repeated sampling, unlike xylem zinc analysis and water injection techniques. C1 UNIV CENT FLORIDA, DEPT MOLEC BIOL & MICROBIOL, ORLANDO, FL 32816 USA. RP USDA ARS, HORT RES LAB, 2120 CAMDEN RD, ORLANDO, FL 32803 USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 75 IS 5 BP 447 EP 450 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FH462 UT WOS:A1991FH46200003 ER PT J AU RUPPEL, EG AF RUPPEL, EG TI PATHOGENICITY OF FUSARIUM SPP FROM DISEASED SUGAR-BEETS AND VARIATION AMONG SUGAR-BEET ISOLATES OF FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE FUSARIUM-EQUISETI; F-PROLIFERATUM; F-SAMBUCINUM ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; SP MELONIS AB Sugar beets (Beta vulgaris) with symptoms of Fusarium yellows were collected from fields in California, Colorado, Montana, Oregon, Texas, Wyoming, and Manitoba, Canada, during 1982-1988. Forty-eight isolates of seven species of Fusarium and two nonsporulating, unidentifiable "Roseum" types were obtained from root tissue on a medium selective for Fusarium spp. Three isolates of F. oxysporum (the reported causal agent of Fusarium yellows) from California, one each from Colorado and Texas, and two each from Montana, Oregon, and Canada, a Colorado isolate of F. acuminatum, two isolates of F. avenaceum from Texas, and one "Roseum" type from Colorado all caused foliar yellowing, wilt, root necrosis, and in some cases eventual death of sugar beet seedlings in greenhouse tests. Two isolates of F. solani (from California and Colorado) induced mild to moderate root rot of seedling taproots and secondary roots but no typical yellows symptoms. Of the isolates that were pathogenic to seedlings, only isolates of F. oxysporum and the Colorado isolate of F. acuminatum induced typical Fusarium yellows symptoms in wound-inoculated 3-mo-old sugar beets in the greenhouse. Other isolates pathogenic on seedlings induced some necrosis of secondary roots and arrested, necrotic lesions on the taproot of older sugar beets but no wilting, foliar yellowing, or plant death. All virulent and avirulent isolates were reisolated from surface-disinfested roots 30 days after planting in infested soil or 2 mo after inoculation of taproots. Isolates of F. oxysporum varied in growth, pigmentation, and conidial production on potato-dextrose agar. A significant isolate x cultivar disease interaction occurred when two sugar beet breeding lines, one susceptible and one resistant, were tested with four isolates of F. oxysporum from diverse geographic areas. In separate analyses of data from the resistant and susceptible breeding lines, the four isolates varied in virulence toward the susceptible but not the resistant line. Thus, the existence of physiological specialization among isolates of F. oxysporum from sugar beet remains an unresolved question. RP RUPPEL, EG (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 75 IS 5 BP 486 EP 489 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FH462 UT WOS:A1991FH46200014 ER PT J AU JANISIEWICZ, W YOURMAN, L ROITMAN, J MAHONEY, N AF JANISIEWICZ, W YOURMAN, L ROITMAN, J MAHONEY, N TI POSTHARVEST CONTROL OF BLUE MOLD AND GRAY MOLD OF APPLES AND PEARS BY DIP TREATMENT WITH PYRROLNITRIN, A METABOLITE OF PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE NATURAL COMPOUND ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PENICILLIUM; BENOMYL; RESISTANCE; BOTRYTIS AB The antifungal compound pyrrolnitrin, isolated from Pseudomonas cepacia, an antagonist known to control gray mold (incited by Botrytis cinerea) and blue mold (incited by Penicillium expansum) of apples and pears, was assayed for its efficacy in controlling these diseases on wounded fruit at two temperatures (2 and 24 C). The compound was applied to wounded fruit after harvest at concentrations ranging from 6 to 200-mu-g/ml in dip solutions containing conidia of P. expansum or B. cinerea (1 x 10(4) conidia per milliliter). Pyrrolnitrin provided effective control of both diseases on apples and pears. The type of wound had a profound effect on control; infections at cut wounds were the easiest and those at "bruise" wounds were the most difficult to control. Higher concentrations of pyrrolnitrin were required for control at 24 C than at 2 C. Pyrrolnitrin at 200-mu-g/ml, when applied up to 34 hr after inoculation, eradicated infections by both pathogens on Golden Delicious apples with cut wounds. The pH of the pyrrolnitrin solution, throughout a range corresponding to the pH of the fruit juice, did not change its fungicidal activity in in vitro tests. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP JANISIEWICZ, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 27 TC 40 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 75 IS 5 BP 490 EP 494 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FH462 UT WOS:A1991FH46200015 ER PT J AU JENSEN, SG WYSONG, DS BALL, EM HIGLEY, PM AF JENSEN, SG WYSONG, DS BALL, EM HIGLEY, PM TI SEED TRANSMISSION OF MAIZE CHLOROTIC MOTTLE VIRUS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CORN AB Seed corn (Zea mays) produced in commercial nurseries in Hawaii was harvested from symptomatic plants naturally infected with maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV). In Nebraska greenhouse studies, the seeds were planted and 14-day-old seedlings were assayed for MCMV. Seed transmission was found by ELISA and confirmed by symptomatology and mechanical transmission in 17 of 42,000 plants from 25 seed lots submitted by three seed companies. Some of the factors relating to seed transmission were tested. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP JENSEN, SG (reprint author), USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE, USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 75 IS 5 BP 497 EP 498 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FH462 UT WOS:A1991FH46200017 ER PT J AU BENNETT, AR BRUCKART, WL SHISHKOFF, N AF BENNETT, AR BRUCKART, WL SHISHKOFF, N TI EFFECTS OF DEW, PLANT-AGE, AND LEAF POSITION ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF YELLOW STARTHISTLE TO PUCCINIA-JACEAE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SKELETON WEED; CHONDRILLINA; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Potential for biocontrol of yellow starthistle (YST) (Centaurea solstitialis) by Puccinia jaceae was evaluated in the greenhouse over a wide range of dew temperatures and periods to determine optimum conditions for infection. Disease severity (pustules per square centimeter of leaf area) was greatest when inoculated plants were exposed to dew for 12 or 16 hr at 20 C. Pustule development occurred 15 days after inoculation at 15 C and 10 days after inoculation at either 20 or 25 C. Inoculation of YST plants four times per week beginning 4 wk after planting resulted in reductions of the dry weights of root by 40% and shoots by 50% compared with the uninoculated control. Plants inoculated more than once beginning 4 wk after planting also had significantly lower root biomass than controls. YST rosettes were most susceptible 4-6 wk after planting, based on pustule counts. Nearly all leaves on 6-wk-old rosettes were uniformly susceptible to infection. Based on results of this study, P. jaceae has the potential to become established in and damage YST in North America. RP BENNETT, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT DETRICH,BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 75 IS 5 BP 499 EP 501 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FH462 UT WOS:A1991FH46200018 ER PT J AU PALMER, MA AF PALMER, MA TI ISOLATE TYPES OF SPHAEROPSIS-SAPINEA ASSOCIATED WITH MAIN STEM CANKERS AND TOP-KILL OF PINUS-RESINOSA IN MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Isolate types of Sphaeropsis sapinea associated with main stem cankers and top-kill of Pinus resinosa were identified as type A and type B. S. sapinea was cultured from recovering, dying, and dead trees of different ages and with different disease histories from five plantations and one natural stand in Minnesota and Wisconsin. The occurrence of a particular isolate type was related to plantation or stand location but not to symptoms, tree condition, isolation location, or canker size. In general, S. sapinea was isolated more frequently from recovered trees that became diseased in 1985 than from recovered trees that were diseased earlier. In all locations, trees were predisposed to disease by drought, hail, or frost. Cambium was killed only during the year of infection, and S. sapinea colonized only the wood extant when infection occurred. Both type A and type B isolates were facultative pathogens causing an annual canker of P. resinosa. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 75 IS 5 BP 507 EP 510 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FH462 UT WOS:A1991FH46200020 ER PT J AU COHEN, JD ERNSTSEN, A AF COHEN, JD ERNSTSEN, A TI INDOLE-3-ACETIC-ACID AND INDOLE-3-ACETYLASPARTIC ACID ISOLATED FROM SEEDS OF HERACLEUM-LACINIATUM HORN SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE ARCTIC PLANTS; AUXIN; AUXIN CONJUGATES; MASS SPECTROMETRY; SEED HORMONES ID BEAN-SEEDS; IDENTIFICATION; QUANTIFICATION AB Seeds from mature flowers of Heracleum laciniatum were collected locally (Tromso, Norway). Seed coats were removed and the seeds were analyzed for their content of free, free plus ester-conjugate, and total indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Seeds contained high levels of free and amide-linked IAA relative to other dicotyledonous seeds for which values have been published. The major amide conjugate in this material was identified as indole-3-acetylaspartate by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of its bis-methyl ester. C1 UNIV TROMSO,INST BIOL & GEOL,N-9000 TROMSO,NORWAY. RP COHEN, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 10 IS 2 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.1007/BF00024955 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FQ538 UT WOS:A1991FQ53800001 ER PT J AU NORMAN, SM AF NORMAN, SM TI BETA-CAROTENE FROM THE ABSCISIC-ACID PRODUCING STRAIN OF CERCOSPORA-ROSICOLA SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE ABSCISIC ACID; ABA; BETA-CAROTENE; CERCOSPORA-ROSICOLA; DECYLIMIDAZOLE; FLURIDONE; CAROTENOID INHIBITORS ID BIOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH AB Beta-carotene was isolated from an extract of Cercospora rosicola mycelia and identified on the basis of chromatographic properties and UV-visible spectroscopic evidence. The accumulation of beta-carotene was inhibited 71 and 52% by 10-mu-M amounts of decylimidazole and fluridone, respectively. Abscisic acid accumulation was inhibited 63% by decylimidazole and enhanced about 10% by fluridone. Several other inhibitors of carotenoid synthesis failed to inhibit ABA biosynthesis. RP NORMAN, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 10 IS 2 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1007/BF00024956 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FQ538 UT WOS:A1991FQ53800002 ER PT J AU LAX, AR VAUGHN, KC AF LAX, AR VAUGHN, KC TI COLOCALIZATION OF POLYPHENOL OXIDASE AND PHOTOSYSTEM-II PROTEINS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THYLAKOID MEMBRANES; COUPLING FACTOR; SPINACH; CHLOROPLASTS; ACTIVATION AB Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) appears to be ubiquitous in higher plants but, as yet, no function has been ascribed to it. Herein, we report on the localization of PPO based upon biochemical fractionation of chloroplast membranes in Vicia faba (broad bean) into various complexes and immunocytochemical electron microscopic investigations. Sucrose density gradient fractionations of thylakoid membranes after detergent solubilization reveals that PPO protein (by reactivity with anti-PPO antibody) and activity (based upon ability to oxidize dl-dihydroxyphenylalanine) are found only in fractions enriched in photosystem II (PSII). Furthermore, of the PSII particles isolated using three different protocols utilizing several plant species, all had PPO. Immunogold localization of PPO on thin sections reveals exclusive thylakoid labeling with a distribution pattern consistent with other PSII proteins (80% grana, 20% stroma). These data strongly indicate that PPO is at least peripherally associated with the PSII complex. C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP LAX, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 20 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 96 IS 1 BP 26 EP 31 DI 10.1104/pp.96.1.26 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FN157 UT WOS:A1991FN15700005 PM 16668162 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, MP GRONWALD, JW AF ANDERSON, MP GRONWALD, JW TI ATRAZINE RESISTANCE IN A VELVETLEAF (ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI) BIOTYPE DUE TO ENHANCED GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE ACTIVITY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORN ZEA-MAYS; HERBICIDE; DETOXIFICATION; PURIFICATION; METABOLISM; PLANTS; CELLS; OVERPRODUCTION; AMPLIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS AB We previously reported that a velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic) biotype found in Maryland was resistant to atrazine because of an enhanced capacity to detoxify the herbicide via glutathione conjugation (JW Gronwald, Andersen RN, Yee C [1989] Pestic Biochem Physiol 34: 149-163). The biochemical basis for the enhanced atrazine conjugation capacity in this biotype was examined. Glutathione levels and glutathione S-transferase activity were determined in extracts from the atrazine-resistant biotype and an atrazine-susceptible or "wild-type" velvetleaf biotype. In both biotypes, the highest concentration of glutathione (approximately 500 nanomoles per gram fresh weight) was found in leaf tissue. However, no significant differences were found in glutathione levels in roots, stems, or leaves of either biotype. In both biotypes, the highest concentration of glutathione S-transferase activity measured with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene or atrazine as substrate was in leaf tissue. Glutathione S-transferase measured with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate was 40 and 25% greater in leaf and stem tissue, respectively, of the susceptible biotype compared to the resistant biotype. In contrast, glutathione S-transferase activity measured with atrazine as substrate was 4.4- and 3.6-fold greater in leaf and stem tissue, respectively, of the resistant biotype. Kinetic analyses of glutathione S-transferase activity in leaf extracts from the resistant and susceptible biotypes were performed with the substrates glutathione, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, and atrazine. There was little or no change in apparent K(m) values for glutathione, atrazine, or 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. However, the V(max) for glutathione and atrazine were approximately 3-fold higher in the resistant biotype than in the susceptible biotype. In contrast, the V(max) for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was 30% lower in the resistant biotype. Leaf glutathione S-transferase isozymes that exhibit activity with atrazine and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene were separated by fast protein liquid (anion-exchange) chromatography. The susceptible biotype had three peaks exhibiting activity with atrazine and the resistant biotype had two. The two peaks of glutathione S-transferase activity with atrazine from the resistant biotype coeluted with two of the peaks from the susceptible biotype, but peak height was three- to fourfold greater in the resistant biotype. In both biotypes, two of the peaks that exhibit glutathione S-transferase activity with atrazine also exhibited activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, with the peak height being greater in the susceptible biotype. The results indicate that atrazine resistance in the velvetleaf biotype from Maryland is due to enhanced glutathione S-transferase activity for atrazine in leaf and stem tissue which results in an enhanced capacity to detoxify the herbicide via glutathione conjugation. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 29 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 96 IS 1 BP 104 EP 109 DI 10.1104/pp.96.1.104 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FN157 UT WOS:A1991FN15700016 PM 16668137 ER PT J AU LOWE, BA KRUL, WR AF LOWE, BA KRUL, WR TI PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, DEVELOPMENTAL, AND GENETIC-FACTORS THAT MODULATE THE AGROBACTERIUM-VITIS INTERACTION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-INDUCING PLASMID; WIDE-HOST-RANGE; CROWN GALL; T-DNA; TRANSFERRED DNA; TUMEFACIENS; VIRULENCE; DISKS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SPECIFICITY AB Tumor formation in Vitis species and hybrids, incited by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, was altered by chemical, physical, developmental, and genetic variables. Knowledge of the effect of these variables was used to develop a stringent in vitro assay system to select parents for a study of genetic factors that modulate tumor formation. Tumor formation was reduced by short day preconditioning of assay plants and by inoculation of the morphological apex of isolated stem segments. Pretreatment of plants with auxin or cytokinin altered specificity in various combinations of strains and host genotypes. All Vitis species and hybrids formed tumors in response to strains designated as limited host range, but some displayed a necrotic reaction (cell death at and below site of inoculation) or a null response (same as the response to inoculation with an avirulent strain) to strains designated as wide host range (VC Knauf, CG Panagopoulos, EW Nester [1982] Phytopathology 72: 1545-1549). Screens of F1 progeny, derived from crosses of null, necrotic, and tumor-producing phenotypes, demonstrated that the null and the necrotic phenotypes were modulated by dominant and recessive host genes. The extent of cellular necrosis in the necrotic phenotype was modified by the morphological location of the inoculation site, by the presence of buds on the host stem, and by deletion of the tryptophane monooxygenase locus gene of the Ti-plasmid. C1 UNIV RHODE ISL,DEPT PLANT SCI,KINGSTON,RI 02881. USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 96 IS 1 BP 121 EP 129 DI 10.1104/pp.96.1.121 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FN157 UT WOS:A1991FN15700019 PM 16668140 ER PT J AU DENISON, RF LAYZELL, DB AF DENISON, RF LAYZELL, DB TI MEASUREMENT OF LEGUME NODULE RESPIRATION AND O2 PERMEABILITY BY NONINVASIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY OF LEGHEMOGLOBIN SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACETYLENE-REDUCTION RATES; NITROGENASE ACTIVITY; SOYBEAN NODULES; ROOT-NODULES; OXYGEN; FIXATION; DIFFUSION; RESISTANCE; COWPEA; STRESS AB Physiological regulation of nodule gas permeability has a central role in the response of legumes to such diverse factors as drought, defoliation, and soil nitrate. A new method for quantifying nodule respiration and O2 permeability, based on noninvasive spectrophotometry of leghemoglobin, was evaluated using intact, attached nodules of Lotus corniculatus. First, the relationship between nodule respiration (O2 consumption) rate and internal O2 concentration was determined from the rate of decrease in fractional oxygenation of leghemoglobin (FOL) under N2. The rate of increase of FOL under 100% O2 was then used to calculate nodule O2 permeability, after correcting for respiration. Inactivation of nitrogenase by exposure to 100% O2 for 15 minutes led to decreases in both permeability and O2-saturated respiration (V(max)), but the brief (< 15 seconds) exposures to 100% O2 required by the assay itself had little effect on either parameter. A gradual increase in external O2 concentration from 20 to 40% resulted in a reversible decrease in permeability, but no change in V(max). The new method is likely to be useful for research on nodule physiology and might also be applicable to agronomic research and crop improvement programs. C1 QUEENS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,KINGSTON K7L 3N6,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP DENISON, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOX 867,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. RI Layzell, David/A-9417-2010 OI Layzell, David/0000-0003-3085-3189 NR 27 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 96 IS 1 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1104/pp.96.1.137 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FN157 UT WOS:A1991FN15700021 PM 16668142 ER PT J AU REYNNELLS, RD AF REYNNELLS, RD TI SYMPOSIUM - THE IMPACT OF THE POULTRY-INDUSTRY ON WATER-QUALITY - INTRODUCTION SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WATER QUALITY; WATER QUANTITY; POULTRY; EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS; UNITED-STATES-DEPARTMENT-OF-AGRICULTURE AB The poultry industry has met the demands of an increasing United States population by greatly increasing production. These conditions have contributed to environmental loading by waste products, which has resulted in concern for the stability of the environment by farmers and the public. The poultry industry has been a leader in addressing environmental issues through educational programs and management efforts. These issues are being addressed on two fronts: 1) load reduction of impaired waters and 2) pollution prevention. Cooperative educational and technical assistance programs by the Soil Conservation Service and the Cooperative Extension System are underway in an attempt to document improvements by the poultry industry in the area of water quality. This information will be used in Environmental Protection Agency-mandated State Assessment Reports and Management Programs. RP REYNNELLS, RD (reprint author), USDA,EXTENS SERV,ROOM 3334 S BLDG,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1113 EP 1114 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FK139 UT WOS:A1991FK13900008 ER PT J AU GIROIR, LE IVIE, GW HUFF, WE AF GIROIR, LE IVIE, GW HUFF, WE TI COMPARATIVE FATE OF THE TRITIATED TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXIN, T-2 TOXIN, IN CHICKENS AND DUCKS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXIN; METABOLISM; RESIDUES; CHICKEN; DUCK ID METABOLITES; IDENTIFICATION; EXCRETA AB A tritiated preparation of the trichothecene mycotoxin, T-2 toxin, was administered as a single oral dose to 21-day-old male broiler (Hubbard x Hubbard) chickens and White Pekin ducks. There were few significant differences between the two species in metabolism, tissue retention, and excretion of T-2 toxin and its metabolites. On the basis of the data obtained, the differences in toxicological sensitivity to T-2 toxin known to exist between these two species cannot likely be attributed to differences in the metabolism or elimination of T-2 toxin from the body. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1138 EP 1143 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FK139 UT WOS:A1991FK13900014 PM 1852689 ER PT J AU BACON, LD LILLEHOJ, HS AF BACON, LD LILLEHOJ, HS TI SYMPOSIUM - CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY AND RESISTANCE IN AVIAN DISEASES - INTRODUCTION SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY; T-CELLS; CYTOKINE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; GENETIC CONTROL C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BACON, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,REG POULTRY RES LAB,3606 MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1153 EP 1153 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FK139 UT WOS:A1991FK13900016 ER PT J AU LILLEHOJ, HS AF LILLEHOJ, HS TI LYMPHOCYTES INVOLVED IN CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE-RESPONSES AND METHODS TO ASSESS CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LYMPHOCYTES; CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY; POULTRY DISEASES; HYBRIDOMA TECHNOLOGY; LYMPHOKINE SECRETION ID HUMAN T-CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR; CYTO-TOXICITY; INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CHICKEN LYMPHOCYTES; COLORIMETRIC ASSAY; AVIAN COCCIDIOSIS; INTERFERON GENE; SPLEEN-CELLS AB With increasing need for the development of vaccines against many poultry diseases, it is important to understand host immune mechanisms involved in protection against diseases. Because of increasing evidence suggesting a role of cell-mediated immunity in disease resistance against many poultry diseases, investigation of immune systems involved in cell-mediated immunity is crucial for the development of immunological control strategies. Recent advances in hybridoma technology and cellular immunology have facilitated the understanding of the ontogeny, structure, and function of the avian immune system. Isolation and flow cytometric analysis of single lymphoid cells now enables researchers to dissect various components of the avian immune system and to investigate the role of subpopulations of lymphocytes in disease processes. In vitro assays are used to assess the host cellular response based upon antigen-specific lymphoproliferation, specific cellular effector function, and lymphokine secretion. These various assays can be used to quantify and qualify host immune respones and to better understand host immunity. RP LILLEHOJ, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY DIS,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 71 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1154 EP 1164 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FK139 UT WOS:A1991FK13900017 PM 1852690 ER PT J AU BACON, LD DIETERT, RR AF BACON, LD DIETERT, RR TI GENETIC-CONTROL OF CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY IN CHICKENS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; B-HAPLOTYPE; T-CELL; CYTOKINE ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; MYELOMONOCYTIC GROWTH-FACTOR; ANTIGEN-BINDING SITE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; B-COMPLEX; COMPLEMENTARY-DNA; T-CELLS; INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR AB The present review briefly outlines the effector cells and molecules influencing cell-mediated immunity. Emphasis is placed on the genes determining these molecules in mammals and in the chicken, including genes for cytokines and cytokine receptors. The review concludes with a tabular presentation containing examples of specific genetic influences on cell-mediated immunity in chickens and mammals. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT POULTRY & AVIAN SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP BACON, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,REG POULTRY RES LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823, USA. NR 113 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1187 EP 1199 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FK139 UT WOS:A1991FK13900020 PM 1852692 ER PT J AU CECIL, HC BAKST, MR AF CECIL, HC BAKST, MR TI CORRELATIONS OF ORGAN WEIGHTS, HEMATOCRIT, AND TESTOSTERONE WITH SEXUAL MATURITY OF THE MALE TURKEY SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TESTES; HEMATOCRIT; BURSA OF FABRICIUS; SEMEN; SPERMATOGENESIS ID VOLUMES AB A study was conducted with Large White breeder male turkeys to determine changes in blood constituents and organ weights associated with sexual maturity. Testicular samples from 8- to 32-wk-old turkeys were histologically examined and the changes in the seminiferous tubule epithelium associated with sexual maturity were correlated with changes in blood consituents and organ weights. Spermatozoa were first found in the lumina of the seminiferous tubules at 15 wk, and semen containing mature spermatozoa was first observed in the ductus (d.) deferens at 26 wk. Testes weights increased significantly between 20 and 22 wk and continued to increase until 30 wk of age. Testosterone concentration in the blood was .2 ng/mL at 16 wk, and steadily increased to 1.3 ng/mL at 34 wk. The increase in testosterone paralleled the increase in testes weights. The bursa of Fabricius weight reached a maximum at 16 wk, began to regress at 22 wk, and was completely regressed at 32 wk. Hematocrit values started to increase at 16 wk and reached a plateau at 22 wk. The association of the increase in hematocrit with the functional maturation of the testes suggests that the increase in hematocrit could be used to predict maturation of testicular spermatozoa in the male breeder turkey. However, semen production (semen accumulation in the d. deferens) did not start until 10 wk after mature spermatozoa were found in the tests. RP CECIL, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AVIAN PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1252 EP 1257 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FK139 UT WOS:A1991FK13900028 PM 1852698 ER PT J AU GAST, RK BEARD, CW AF GAST, RK BEARD, CW TI RESEARCH NOTE - DETECTION OF SALMONELLA SEROGROUP D-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES IN THE YOLKS OF EGGS LAID BY HENS INFECTED WITH SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; MICROANTIGLOBULIN TEST; EGGS; YOLK ANTIBODIES; SEROGROUP-D ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PHAGE TYPE-4; MYCOPLASMA-GALLISEPTICUM; SERUM ANTIBODY; DISEASE AB Eggs laid by hens experimentally infected with Salmonella enteritidis were assayed for the presence of Serogroup D-specific yolk antibodies. Yolk antibodies were detected with S. enteritidis and Salmonella pullorum antigens in the microantiglobulin test as early as 9 days after inoculation of hens with S. enteritidis. Yolk antibody titers reached peak levels at 3 to 5 wk postinoculation and remained at detectable levels for at least 7 wk postinoculation in eggs from both orally inoculated and horizontally contact-exposed hens. Eggs laid by hens from commercial flocks implicated in epidemiological investigations of human S. enteritidis outbreaks were also tested. Serogroup D-specific yolk antibodies were detected in 5 to 22% of eggs from hens in house identified as infected by bacteriological culturing of internal organs of hens for S. enteritidis. RP GAST, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 70 IS 5 BP 1273 EP 1276 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FK139 UT WOS:A1991FK13900033 PM 1852702 ER PT J AU NACHMAN, RJ ROBERTS, VA DYSON, HJ HOLMAN, GM TAINER, JA AF NACHMAN, RJ ROBERTS, VA DYSON, HJ HOLMAN, GM TAINER, JA TI ACTIVE CONFORMATION OF AN INSECT NEUROPEPTIDE FAMILY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE PYROKININ; BETA-TURN; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; NMR; PHEROMONE ID BETA-TURNS; PROTEINS; PEPTIDE; IDENTIFICATION; FRAGMENTS; HOMOLOGY; SEQUENCE; HORMONE AB To understand the structural and chemical basis for insect neuropeptide activity, we have designed, synthesized, and determined the conformation of a biologically active cyclic analog of the pyrokinins, an insect neuropeptide family that mediates myotropic (visceral muscle contractile) activity. Members of this insect neuropeptide family share the common C-terminal pentapeptide sequence Phe-Xaa-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 (Xaa = Ser, Thr, or Val). Circular dichroic, nuclear magnetic resonance, and molecular dynamics analyses of the conformationally restricted cyclic pyrokinin analog cyclo(-Asn-Thr-Ser-Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-) indicated the presence of a beta-turn in the active core region encompassing residues Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu. The rigid cyclic analog retains biological activity, suggesting that its C-terminal beta-turn is the active pyrokinin conformation recognized by the myotropic receptor. As individual pyrokinins and pyrokinin-like neuropeptides demonstrate both oviduct-contractile and pheromone-biosynthesis activities in various insects, the biologically active beta-turn structure reported here holds broad significance for many biological processes. C1 USDA ARS, VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB, ROUTE 5, BOX 810, COLLEGE STN, TX 77840 USA. Scripps Res Inst, RES INST, DEPT MOLEC BIOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92037 USA. OI Dyson, Helen Jane/0000-0001-6855-3398 NR 29 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 88 IS 10 BP 4518 EP 4522 DI 10.1073/pnas.88.10.4518 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA FM042 UT WOS:A1991FM04200096 PM 2034692 ER PT J AU APGAR, J DULIN, A KRAMER, T SMITH, JC AF APGAR, J DULIN, A KRAMER, T SMITH, JC TI REDUCED SURVIVAL OF NEONATES DUE TO VITAMIN-A-DEFICIENCY DURING PREGNANCY IN THE GUINEA-PIG SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Neonatal vitamin A stores are limited even in well-nourished full-term infants and are yet smaller in the premature infant. The object of this experiment was to determine whether vitamin A deficiency could be induced in pregnant guinea pigs and, if so, whether it would affect vitamin A status of the neonate. Adult (600 g) guinea pigs were fed a casein-agar diet that was vitamin A deficient (AD). Controls (vitamin A adequate) were orally dosed weekly with 2 mg of retinyl palmitate. Weight gains of dams and birth weights of neonates did not differ. No external signs of deficiency were observed. Six of eight AD and seven of eight vitamin A-adequate dams carried pregnancy to term (greater-than-or-equal-to Day 64). One AD dam died during delivery. Liver retinol concentrations were below the detection limit (< 3-mu-g/g) for all AD neonates and dams and in postpartum serum of AD dams. Of neonates born greater-than-or-equal-to Day 64, 15 of 18 AD were dead or moribund compared with 4 of 22 vitamin A adequate. The unexpectedly severe effect on the neonate indicates that the guinea pig will be a sensitive model for investigating the affect of poor maternal vitamin A status on neonatal vitamin A-dependent functions. However, a less severe maternal deprivation should be used for such studies. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BLDG 307,RM 116,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 197 IS 1 BP 56 EP 58 PG 3 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FK094 UT WOS:A1991FK09400009 PM 2020671 ER PT J AU KRUMHARDT, B DUPONT, J AF KRUMHARDT, B DUPONT, J TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THROMBOXANE AND CYTOSOLIC CALCIUM MODIFIERS IN RAT PLATELETS SO PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS LA English DT Article ID CYTOPLASMIC FREE CALCIUM; MESSENGER SYSTEM; SODIUM-TRANSPORT; DIETARY; ACID AB Platelet activity is controlled, in part, by cytosolic free ionized calcium concentration ([Ca++]i). Regulation of platelet thromboxane (TXB2) synthesis may be by regulation of [Ca++]i. Dietary linoleate is a regulator of TXB2 synthesis, therefore, it may act by influencing [Ca++]i. Aspirin is a regulator of TXB2 synthesis by inhibition of cyclooxygenase; ouabain and nifedipine are regulators of [Ca++]i. This study was conducted to determine whether these affectors of TXB2 synthesis and [Ca++]i cause associated responses. Male nonobese Zucker rats were fed diets supplying 30% of energy (en%) as fat. Dietary fat was a mixture of corn oil and beef tallow to provide 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, or 7.5 en% linoleic acid, with cholesterol added to provide equal cholesterol in all diets. Rats were fed for 30 days with 6 rats/diet. Isolated rat platelets were assayed for FA composition; the percentage of linoleic acid in platelet FA rose linearly with increasing dietary linoleate (r = 0.76, P < 0.001). Resting and thrombin-stimulated platelet [Ca++]i and TXB2 synthesis were measured in the presence or absence of extracellular calcium and aspirin, ouabain, or nifedipine. Aspirin caused reductions in both parameters; nifedipine blocked [Ca++]i, but did not affect TXB2; ouabain increased both. Changes induced by those modifiers of TXB2 and platelet [Ca++]i caused changes that were in the same direction for both. CaCl2 caused an increase in both and the [Ca++]i was correlated with the square root of the TXB2; without CaCl2 the two were negatively correlated; aspirin, ouabain, and nifedipine treatments resulted in no significant correlations. The results suggest that there is a common modifier of [Ca++]i and TXB2 synthesis. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,RM 132,BLDG 5,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT FOOD & NUTR,AMES,IA 50011. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH1 3AF SN 0952-3278 J9 PROSTAG LEUKOTR ESS JI Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids PD MAY PY 1991 VL 43 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1016/0952-3278(91)90127-Q PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA FJ571 UT WOS:A1991FJ57100003 PM 1652770 ER PT J AU JACKSON, TJ ONEILL, PE AF JACKSON, TJ ONEILL, PE TI MICROWAVE EMISSION AND CROP RESIDUES SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE AB A series of controlled experiments were conducted to determine the significance of crop residues or stubble in estimating the emission of the underlying soil. Observations using truck-mounted L and C band passive microwave radiometers showed that for dry wheat and soybeans the dry residue caused negligible attenuation of the background emission. Green residues, with water contents typical of standing crops, did have a significant effect on the background emission. Results for these green residues also indicated that extremes in plant structure, as created using parallel and perpendicular stalk orientations, can cause very large differences in the degree of attenuation. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP JACKSON, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,EAST,HYDROL LAB,BLDG 265,RM 205,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 36 IS 2 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(91)90035-5 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA FZ863 UT WOS:A1991FZ86300004 ER PT J AU LEWIS, R DELANEY, WF AF LEWIS, R DELANEY, WF TI PROMOTING INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY SO RESEARCH-TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article C1 FOREST SERV HEADQUARTERS,WASHINGTON,DC. RP LEWIS, R (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV NC FOREST EXPT STN,RADNOR,PA, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH INST INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M ST., NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0895-6308 J9 RES TECHNOL MANAGE JI Res.-Technol. Manage. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA FJ465 UT WOS:A1991FJ46500008 ER PT J AU SEGEREN, AG TROUT, TJ AF SEGEREN, AG TROUT, TJ TI HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE OF SOIL SURFACE SEALS IN IRRIGATED FURROWS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITIONAL CRUST AB Soil surface seals resulting from overland flow in irrigation furrows reduce infiltration rates. A method was developed to quantify the hydraulic resistance of furrow seals. Infiltration was measured with a recirculating infiltrometer on two southern Idaho soils, Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Durixerollic Calciorthid) and Bahem loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Xerollic Calciorthids). Surface sealing was prevented on half the furrow test sections with cheesecloth laid on the furrow perimeter. Subseal soil-water potential was measured with a recording tensiometer. A two-dimensional finite-difference infiltration model with measured flux as the wetted perimeter boundary condition calculated matric potential directly beneath the seal. Seal resistance was then calculated by Darcy's law from the measured flux and calculated potential. Surface sealing on the bare furrows decreased infiltration by an average of 46% compared with the cloth-covered furrows. The seal conductivity values, based on a constant seal thickness, decreased rapidly during the initial 100 min and reached 0.1 to 8% of the conductivity of the soil underlying the seal after 300 min. Potential gradients across the seal were inversely related to infiltration rate and the conductivity of the seal. The procedure successfully calculated seal conductivity changes with time and can be used to evaluate the effects of management practices on seal formation. C1 USDA,ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES,3793 N 3600,KIMBERLY,ID 83341. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEP AGR & IRRIGAT ENGN,LOGAN,UT 84322. OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 3 BP 640 EP 646 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FZ634 UT WOS:A1991FZ63400002 ER PT J AU SCHNABEL, RR POTTER, RM AF SCHNABEL, RR POTTER, RM TI KINETICS OF SULFATE RETENTION ON SOIL AS AFFECTED BY SOLUTION PH AND CONCENTRATION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; TEMPERATURE; MECHANISM; SORPTION; EXCHANGE; SYSTEM AB Knowledge of the time dependence of chemical retention by soil is crucial to a full understanding of how retention is affected by solution variables and to accurately simulate the fate of soil-applied chemicals. The kinetics of SO42- retention by and release from soil were examined in a continuously stirred reactor tank. The concentration-time histories were processed with a number of commonly used kinetic equations. Of those tested, an equation that was first order in available retention sites consistently gave the best fit to the data. Sulfate-retention kinetics were strongly influenced by SO42- concentration and the presence of PO43- in solution, but unaffected by a change in pH from 3 to 4. For example, when SO42- concentration was doubled from 0.313 to 0.625 mM in the retention phase of the experiment, the average first-order forward rate constant increased from 0.07 to 0.24 min-1. The addition of PO43- to the solution increased the forward rate constant to 0.13 min-1 and decreased equilibrium retention from 8.1 mmol/kg when PO43- was not present to 5.2 mmol/kg. In the release phase of the experiment, the presence of PO43- increased the estimated reverse rate constants by an order of magnitude, and an even greater increase in the reverse rate constant was estimated when the initial sulfate concentration was increased from 0.313 to 0.625 mM. Although the data was closely approximated by first-order kinetics, changes in the rate coefficients for the different influent solutions indicate that commonly determined kinetic parameters have limited applicability beyond the particular conditions of the experiment. RP SCHNABEL, RR (reprint author), USDA,ARS,NE WATERSHED RES CTR,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 3 BP 693 EP 698 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FZ634 UT WOS:A1991FZ63400009 ER PT J AU AMRHEIN, C SUAREZ, DL AF AMRHEIN, C SUAREZ, DL TI SODIUM CALCIUM EXCHANGE WITH ANION EXCLUSION AND WEATHERING CORRECTIONS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SILVER-HILL ILLITE; MAGNESIUM EXCHANGE; WYOMING BENTONITE; MONTMORILLONITIC SOIL; SELECTIVITY; EQUILIBRIA; SAR; PERCHLORATE; CARBONATE; SALINITY AB In order to accurately model soil reclamation with concentrated electrolytes such as CaCl2 or sea water, it must be determined if there is an effect of salinity on the Na-Ca exchange selectivity. A new procedure for determining Na-Ca selectivity in calcareous and gypsiferous soils was used to study the effects of ionic strength and mineralogy on Na-Ca exchange. Four specimen clay minerals and three whole soils were equilibrated with solutions ranging in concentration from 10 to 1000 mmol(c) L-1 and at Na adsorption ratios from 1 to 50 (mmol L-1)1/2. Exchangeable-cation values were corrected for calcite and gypsum dissolution as well as anion exclusion. The selectivity data were compared with other reported values for Na-Ca exchange in order to determine if there were any trends in selectivity with mineralogy or surface charge density. Generally, Na-Ca selectivity was independent of ionic strength. Vermiculite exhibited near-ideal exchange when compared with the nonpreference isotherm. There was no effect of mineralogy on the Na-Ca selectivity, even though the soils and minerals had various surface charge densities. The Gapon selectivity coefficients (K(G)) for the calcareous Many Farms soil (a mesic Torrifluvent) and the gypsiferous Shiprock soil (a mesic Torriorthent) averaged 0.011 and 0.013 (mmol L-1)-1/2, respectively. Failure to correct for anion exclusion and mineral weathering lowered these average K(G) values to 0.0085 and 0.0064, respectively. The data were compared with the Vanselow (K(v) = 4.3), nonpreference (K(v) = 1.0), Gapon (K(G) = 0.015), and the diffuse double-layer (DDL) models. After the review of the problems associated with the various methods of determining exchangeable cations, we recommend that the alcohol rinse method to remove soluble salts not be used. C1 USDA ARS,SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. RP AMRHEIN, C (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 3 BP 698 EP 706 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FZ634 UT WOS:A1991FZ63400010 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, AR DONOVAN, TJ AF MITCHELL, AR DONOVAN, TJ TI FIELD INFILTRATION OF A SALT-LOADED SOIL - EVIDENCE OF A PERMEABILITY HYSTERESIS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IMPERIAL-VALLEY; DRAINAGE WATER; IRRIGATION; REUSE AB Low water-infiltration rates may be detrimental to crop growth by reducing the water available to the plant, limiting salt leaching, and inducing ponding that may result in poor aeration during irrigation. Permeability has been shown to be a function of both the total salinity and the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of the soil. Our objective was to measure the changes in water infiltration that occurred following extended salt loading on a Holtville silty clay (clayey over loamy, montmorillonitic (calcareous), hyperthermic Typic Torrifluvent) with permeability problems. An earlier 4-yr salt-tolerance experiment provided large plots (6 by 6 m) with six levels of salinity-sodicity and three replicates. Plots were surrounded by fiberglass barriers and were adequately drained. Colorado River water, with an electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.9 dS m-1, was used to reclaim the plots in a series of small 80-mm irrigations. Measurements of the salinity and the exchangeable cations of saturated soil extracts were taken before, midway through, and following reclamation. Infiltration rates were measured after 4 h of ponding and were found to differ significantly both during and after salt removal by leaching. The infiltration rates showed a hysteretic effect (delayed reaction) of saline and sodic treatments on soil water permeability. We attributed the effect to the slowly reversible flocculation and deflocculation of clay particles. Final soil ESP data from different treatments indicated that a traditional ESP threshold value may be of limited worth unless past salt history of the soil is considered. Models of hydraulic conductivity should account for this permeability hysteresis. Strategies of reusing saline drainage water may benefit from the hysteretic permeability by allowing high infiltration rates to persist. C1 USDA ARS,SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. RP MITCHELL, AR (reprint author), CENT OREGON AGR RES CTR,POB 246,REDMOND,OR 97756, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 3 BP 706 EP 710 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FZ634 UT WOS:A1991FZ63400011 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, AC ELLIOTT, LF YOUNG, FL DOUGLAS, CL AF KENNEDY, AC ELLIOTT, LF YOUNG, FL DOUGLAS, CL TI RHIZOBACTERIA SUPPRESSIVE TO THE WEED DOWNY BROME SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INHIBITORY PSEUDOMONADS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PLANT-PATHOGENS; WINTER-WHEAT; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; TOXIN PRODUCTION; CROP RESIDUES; NORTH-AMERICA; GROWTH; TECTORUM AB Rhizobacteria have the potential to suppress plant growth. We evaluated the effect of native pseudomonads on downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), a troublesome weed in small-grain-producing lands. Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and downy brome roots and tested to determine their potential as biological control agents for this weed. Pseudomonads were screened in agar and soil for inhibition of downy brome root growth and lack of inhibition of winter wheat root growth. Of more than 1000 isolates tested, 81 inhibited downy brome and not winter wheat in the agar seedling bioassay. Six isolates consistently inhibited downy brome growth and not winter wheat in soil contained in pots in the growth chamber. In nursery field trials in which downy brome was planted in rows and adequately fertilized, some of the bacterial isolates reduced downy brome populations up to 30% and shoot dry weight up to 42%. Field studies were also conducted at three sites in eastern Washington in which brome-inhibitory bacteria were applied to wheat fields infested with natural populations of downy brome. Of the three isolates studied in the field, two reduced plant populations and aboveground growth of downy brome up to 31 and 53%, respectively, compared with noninoculated controls. At two of the three locations, winter wheat yields were increased 18 to 35% because of the suppression of downy brome growth. Brome-suppressive bacteria isolated from the rhizoplane of winter wheat and downy brome can be used as biological control agents for downy brome. C1 USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU RES STN,PENDLETON,OR 97801. USDA,ARS,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP KENNEDY, AC (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 25 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 3 BP 722 EP 727 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FZ634 UT WOS:A1991FZ63400014 ER PT J AU VIGIL, MF KISSEL, DE AF VIGIL, MF KISSEL, DE TI EQUATIONS FOR ESTIMATING THE AMOUNT OF NITROGEN MINERALIZED FROM CROP RESIDUES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FIELD CONDITIONS; MODEL; SOIL; DECOMPOSITION; CARBON AB The amount of N mineralized or immobilized during the decomposition of a crop residue will influence the amount of N available for crop uptake and will ultimately impact N-management practices and groundwater quality. The objective of this work was to determine quantitative relationship(s) between a crop residue's chemical properties and the potential net amount of N that would mineralize in a season. Eight experiments (six from the literature and two conducted by the authors) were combined to determine general relationships between net N mineralized and residue chemical characteristics. Regression analysis indicated that 75 and 72% of the variability in the measured amounts of N mineralized in the eight experiments could be explained using either the C/N ratio or the square-root transformation of N concentration of the residue, respectively. The break point between net N mineralization and net immobilization was calculated to be at a C/N ratio of 40, which corresponds to a N concentration of about 10 g N/kg (assuming residue C is 400 g/kg). Eighty percent of the variability in the amount of N mineralized could be explained by a regression equation that included N and the lignin-to-N ratio as independent variables. The fitted equations provide estimates of the maximum amount of N that potentially will mineralize in a season from incorporated crop residues of different N contents. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP VIGIL, MF (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,119 KEIM HALL,E CAMPUS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 24 TC 150 Z9 159 U1 2 U2 21 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 3 BP 757 EP 761 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FZ634 UT WOS:A1991FZ63400020 ER PT J AU UNGER, PW AF UNGER, PW TI OVERWINTER CHANGES IN PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES OF NO-TILLAGE SOIL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATE STABILITY; FREEZE-THAW AB Soil physical properties often improve during winter, even without tillage. Based on observations, improvement is greater on ridged than on relatively flat soil, and it appears related to soil freezing and thawing. The objective of this study was to determine changes in bulk density, penetration resistance, aggregate-size distribution, organic-matter concentration, and water retention that occur during winter in a soil having low or high ridges formed by tillage. The study was conducted from 1985 to 1988 on Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll) at Bushland, TX. The 1985-1986 winter was coldest and had the least late-period precipitation (19 mm). For the 0.04- to 0.07-m depth increment during this winter, bulk density (D(b)) decreased 0.10 Mg m-3; penetration resistance (PR) decreased 0.14 and 0.20 kPa at -4.89 and -19.6 kPa matric potentials, respectively; mean weight diameter (MWD) of water-stable aggregates increased 0.5 mm; organic matter (OM) decreased 0.7 g kg-1; and water retention at potentials from -2.44 to -19.6 kPa decreased 0.019 to 0.069 m3 m-3, all significant at P = 0.05. Changes were slight during the 1986-1987 winter. During 1987-1988, D(b) increased 0.07 Mg m-3, PR increased 0.06 kPa (at -19.6 kPa matric potential), OM decreased 0.4 g kg-1, MWD of water-stable aggregates decreased 0.7 mm, MWD of dry aggregates increased 3.3 mm, and most changes in water retention were not significant. The 1987-1988 changes were opposite those for 1985-1986, apparently because of less intense freezing and more late-period precipitation (44 mm). Late precipitation possibly reconsolidated soil that may have been loosened previously by freezing. In most cases, results for low- and high-ridge treatments were similar. Freezing can improve soil physical properties, but improvements may be negated by late-winter or early-spring precipitation. RP UNGER, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 11 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 3 BP 778 EP 782 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FZ634 UT WOS:A1991FZ63400024 ER PT J AU BARRY, PV STOTT, DE TURCO, RF BRADFORD, JM AF BARRY, PV STOTT, DE TURCO, RF BRADFORD, JM TI ORGANIC POLYMERS EFFECT ON SOIL SHEAR-STRENGTH AND DETACHMENT BY SINGLE RAINDROPS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPLASH; EROSION; IMPACT; WATERDROP AB Organic matter is known to influence soil erodibility, but little work has been done to determine the effects of specific organics on erosional processes. Our study was designed to assess the influence of organic polymers known to increase aggregate stability on near-surface soil shear strength and soil detachment by single raindrops during time. An index of shear strength was obtained with a Swedish fall-cone device and detachment was based on soil loss in the splash of a single raindrop. Two soils with similar texture but differing organic-matter contents were used. Amendments studied were polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), an experimental starch graft polymer (SGP), and a mixture of a microbial polysaccharide rich in levans and other cellular material (LEV). The amendments initially induced significant increases in soil shear strength ranging from 1.5 to 5.5 times greater than untreated soil. The pattern of change of shear strength during time was nearly identical for all treatments, and was attributed to an aging process. Significant changes induced by the amendments in the amount of soil detached varied with time. The patterns of change during time seen in the PVA-amended soils were similar to the controls, while the LEV and SGP response curves differed. In conjunction with decomposition-rate data, it was concluded that the transformation products formed during the decomposition of the LEV and SGP were causing temporal changes in the soil that the Swedish fall-cone device was insensitive to, but influenced the response of the soil to raindrop detachment. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RI Stott, Diane/A-1270-2010; Turco, Ronald/B-8739-2008 OI Stott, Diane/0000-0002-6397-3315; Turco, Ronald/0000-0002-1794-1486 NR 39 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 3 BP 799 EP 804 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FZ634 UT WOS:A1991FZ63400028 ER PT J AU GOLLANY, HT SCHUMACHER, TE EVENSON, PD LINDSTROM, MJ LEMME, GD AF GOLLANY, HT SCHUMACHER, TE EVENSON, PD LINDSTROM, MJ LEMME, GD TI AGGREGATE STABILITY OF AN ERODED AND DESURFACED TYPIC ARGIUSTOLL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TOPSOIL REMOVAL; SOIL COHESION; WATER-CONTENT; CARBON; TIME; CORN AB Aggregate stability is a measure of the ability of soil to withstand the disrupting forces of rain and nonsymmetrical wetting. Erosion may influence aggregate stability by exposing soil with properties different than the original soil surface. This study was conducted to determine: (i) the influence of antecedent soil water content on wet aggregate stability using aggregates prehumidified to near saturation; (ii) the effects of organic C and clay content on the soil water content-aggregate stability relationship; and (iii) the effect of topsoil removal on aggregate stability. Seventy-eight soil samples were taken from six profiles of Beadle clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic, Typic Argiustoll). These samples were analyzed for pH, organic C, texture, CaCO3, antecedent soil water content, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), and aggregate stability. Isolated test plots were also saturated with an overhead sprinkling infiltrometer. Samples were taken periodically throughout a 4-d period for aggregate-stability determination. A modified wet sieving technique, which included prehumidifying of the sample to near saturation, was used to determine aggregate stability. A negative linear relationship was found between aggregate stability of prehumidified aggregates and antecedent soil water content. Prediction equations were developed that explain up to 77% of variability for the aggregate stability. Organic C was the most important of the independent variables, followed by antecedent soil water content in the multiple regression analysis. Topsoil removal by desurfacing and erosion reduced aggregate stability. Aggregate stabilities for soils with high organic C and clay content were less affected by antecedent soil water content. C1 USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267. UNIV HAWAII MANOA,COLL TROP AGR & HUMAN RESOURCES,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP GOLLANY, HT (reprint author), S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007, USA. NR 31 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 3 BP 811 EP 816 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FZ634 UT WOS:A1991FZ63400030 ER PT J AU COULTAS, CL HSIEH, YP MCKEE, WH AF COULTAS, CL HSIEH, YP MCKEE, WH TI LOBLOLLY-PINE SEEDLING RESPONSE TO FERTILIZER AND LIME TREATMENTS ON A SPODOSOL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Loblolly pine trees (Pinus taeda L.) grow poorly on the Spodosols of the mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain. This greenhouse study was undertaken to determine the effects of N, P, S, micronutrients, and lime on the growth of Loblolly pine seedlings in the A1 horizon of a Lynn Haven fine sand (sandy, siliceous, thermic Typic Haplaquod). Nitrogen, and N-P in combination resulted in increased growth of the pine seedlings. A small application of CaCO3 (2337 kg/ha) resulted in reduced growth and increased foliage necrosis. This negative effect was overcome by N applications. Micronutrients alone had little effect on growth and the foliage concentrations were adequate with all treatments. Sulfur treatment had a slight effect on plant growth but, with S, foliage N was increased from 17.5 to 19.0 g/kg. Aluminum concentrations were determined to be at nontoxic levels in this soil horizon. We postulate that the negative effect of CaCO3 on plant growth was due to reduction of available N. The mechanism for this result has yet to be elucidated. C1 FLORIDA A&M UNIV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32307. US FOREST SERV,CHARLESTON,SC. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 3 BP 830 EP 833 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FZ634 UT WOS:A1991FZ63400034 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, RB SCHEPERS, JS HERGERT, GW LOHRY, RD AF FERGUSON, RB SCHEPERS, JS HERGERT, GW LOHRY, RD TI CORN UPTAKE AND SOIL ACCUMULATION OF NITROGEN - MANAGEMENT AND HYBRID EFFECTS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AMMONIUM; WHEAT AB Inefficient use of fertilizer N by corn (Zea mays L.) can result in the accumulation of excessive amounts of NO3- subject to leaching losses in the crop root zone. The fate of fertilizer N as influenced by N rate, nitrapyrin [2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine], and corn hybrid was evaluated in a 3-yr study with sprinkler-irrigated corn. Variables were fertilizer-N rate (75, 150, and 300 kg N/ha); nitrapyrin (0 and 0.5 kg/ha); and corn hybrid (Pioneer hybrids 3377, 3475, and 3551). Nitrogen was applied as late-sidedressed (V6-V9) NH3. The fate of fertilizer N was evaluated by measurement of apparent fertilizer-N uptake (AFU), form of N in the fertilizer band prior to and following anthesis, and accumulation and distribution of N in the soil profile. There were no significant effects of hybrid on AFU across years, and no significant hybrid X nitrapyrin interactions on AFU. Nitrapyrin significantly reduced AFU across N rates and hybrids in 2 of 3 yr. Nitrate-N concentrations in the fertilizer band, in the presence of nitrapyrin, were reduced prior to anthesis in 1986. Higher NH4+-N concentrations in the fertilizer band in 1986, as well as trends towards higher total inorganic-N concentrations all 3 yr following anthesis, suggest mineralization of temporarily immobilized fertilizer NH4+. Reduced AFU in the presence of nitrapyrin in 1986 and 1987 indicates reduced availability of fertilizer N consistent with a temporary immobilization process. Nitrate accumulation in the soil to a depth of 1.8 m after three growing seasons indicates a trend toward less NO3- accumulation where nitrapyrin was applied at N rates of 75 and 150 kg/ha. Nitrate concentrations in the soil at a depth of 1.8 m were significantly greater at the 150 and 300 kg N/ha rates, compared with the 75 kg N/ha rate or unfertilized soil, indicating probable movement of fertilizer N below the 1.8-m depth at the higher rates. These results indicate that nitrapyrin should not be applied with NH3 at late-sidedress time for this soil. C1 NUTRA FLO CO,SIOUX CITY,IA 51107. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,W CENT RES & EXTENS CTR,N PLATTE,NE 69101. RP FERGUSON, RB (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,S CENT RES & EXTENS CTR,BOX 66,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 55 IS 3 BP 875 EP 880 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FZ634 UT WOS:A1991FZ63400044 ER PT J AU BECHTOLD, WA SHEFFIELD, RM AF BECHTOLD, WA SHEFFIELD, RM TI HARDWOOD TIMBER SUPPLIES IN THE UNITED-STATES SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB More than half the area classified as timberland in the United States is dominated by hardwood species. Oaks are the most prevalent species, and fuelwood is the principal hardwood product. Relatively soft demand through the middle part of this century has resulted in the highest level of current inventories in 50 years. Hardwood inventories are projected to continue building slowly for the next two decades. Not all of that inventory will be available for use. Some timber is growing on terrain that is not easily accessible, some may not be marketable due to reasons such as below-grade quality, and nearly three-fourths of all hardwood stands are owned by private individuals and corporations not in the forest industry. As softwood supplies decline, demand for hardwood will increase. New technologies that allow greater substitution of hardwoods in products previously requiring high ratios of softwood fiber are also spurring the increasing hardwood demand. RP BECHTOLD, WA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 2680,ASHEVILLE,NC 28802, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 74 IS 5 BP 111 EP 116 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA FK054 UT WOS:A1991FK05400008 ER PT J AU MORRIS, JR STEIGMAN, KL AF MORRIS, JR STEIGMAN, KL TI FIRE ANT MANAGEMENT ON A VIRGIN BLACKLAND PRAIRIE SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP MORRIS, JR (reprint author), USDA,1140 EMPIRE CENT 400,DALLAS,TX 75247, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, LUBBOCK, TX 79401 SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 43 IS 2 BP 211 EP 213 PG 3 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA FP519 UT WOS:A1991FP51900013 ER PT J AU BLANCHARD, EJ REINHARDT, RM ANDREWS, BAK AF BLANCHARD, EJ REINHARDT, RM ANDREWS, BAK TI FINISHING WITH MODIFIED POLYCARBOXYLIC ACID SYSTEMS FOR DYEABLE DURABLE PRESS COTTONS SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE BTCA; COLOR STRENGTH EVALUATION; DURABLE PRESS; DYEABILITY; FINISHING COTTON; POLYCARBOXYLIC ACID AB Finishing cotton fabrics with polycarboxylic acid crosslinking agents in combination with nitrogenous additives was investigated as a means of introducing dyeability into the smooth drying textiles. Substantial improvement in the dyeing properties of the modified ester-crosslinked cotton was obtained by using various hydroxyalkyl nitrogenous compounds as additives. The most effective was triethanolamine (TEA), both as the free amine and as the amine hydrochloride. Cellulose finished with a polycarboxylic acid, such as butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), has some affinity for cationic (basic) dyes. However, because of chemical and physical modification of the fibers, the finished material has virtually no affinity for anionic dyes that are normally used to dye cotton. In contrast, cotton finished with a polycarboxylic acid and certain amine derivatives has good affinity for some anionic dyes. Cotton treated with this modified finishing system can be dyed with acid, direct and reactive dyes under specific dyeing conditions. Methods for producing dyeable, nonformaldehyde crosslinked, smooth drying cotton, as well as color strength properties of the dyed fabrics are presented. RP BLANCHARD, EJ (reprint author), USDA,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 23 IS 5 BP 25 EP 28 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA FL158 UT WOS:A1991FL15800002 ER PT J AU DELUCA, LB THIBODEAUX, DP AF DELUCA, LB THIBODEAUX, DP TI COMMENTS ON 2 PAPERS IN THE LITERATURE - ANALYSIS OF SYNTHETIC-FIBER YARN SKEIN TENACITIES ON A PER-BROKEN-FIBER BASIS SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Letter RP DELUCA, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 61 IS 5 BP 306 EP 307 DI 10.1177/004051759106100510 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA FK172 UT WOS:A1991FK17200010 ER PT J AU MORIZOT, DC CALHOUN, SW CLEPPER, LL SCHMIDT, ME WILLIAMSON, JH CARMICHAEL, GJ AF MORIZOT, DC CALHOUN, SW CLEPPER, LL SCHMIDT, ME WILLIAMSON, JH CARMICHAEL, GJ TI MULTISPECIES HYBRIDIZATION AMONG NATIVE AND INTRODUCED CENTRARCHID BASSES IN CENTRAL TEXAS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LARGEMOUTH BASS; ELECTROPHORESIS; FISH AB Allele-frequency differences at 11 polymorphic protein loci provided discrete genetic markers with which to estimate the extent of hybridization among native and introduced centrarchid basses in central Texas streams. Native Guadalupe bass Micropterus treculi and northern largemouth bass M. salmoides salmoides now coexist with introduced Florida largemouth bass M. s. floridanus and smallmouth bass M. dolomieui in these streams. Interspecific hybridization was detected in three of four populations from the Blanco and San Marcos rivers, hybrids making up at least 31.8% of the individuals sampled. Complex hybridization patterns were evident, because F1, F2, and backcross hybrids were detected. At least one individual exhibited genetic markers of largemouth, smallmouth, and Guadalupe bass. Extensive multispecies hybridization threatens the survival of the endemic Guadalupe bass. C1 USDA ARS,CATFISH GENET RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP MORIZOT, DC (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,MD ANDERSON CANC CTR,DIV RES,SCI PK,POB 389,SMITHVILLE,TX 78957, USA. NR 24 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 120 IS 3 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0283:MHANAI>2.3.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA FZ418 UT WOS:A1991FZ41800002 ER PT J AU SCHAFER, RL JOHNSON, CE CHAPMAN, ML GILL, WR AF SCHAFER, RL JOHNSON, CE CHAPMAN, ML GILL, WR TI DISK SPACING MODEL FOR OPTIMIZING GANG PERFORMANCE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE DISKS; GANG; SPACING; PERFORMANCE; MODELING AB The effect of disk spacing and gang angle on gang forces was investigated. Two conventional disk shapes were used at two gang angles. One angle provided soil clearance on the back side of the disk; the other was a commonly used angle which resulted in soil pressure on the back side of the disk. All tests were run at a speed of 1.3 m/s and a depth of 150 mm. The forces on a disk gang were found to vary linearly with the spacing as disk spacing was varied from 100 to 500 mm. A model was developed which described the soil forces as a function of the number of disks and the spacing of the disks in a gang. Results showed that changing disk spacing significantly changed disk gang forces. The disk gang force model was used to explore possibilities for design of disk harrows for maximum or minimum forces. The model was also used to determine the disk spacing at which no ballast was needed to force the harrow to operating depth. C1 AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP SCHAFER, RL (reprint author), USDA,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36830, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 711 EP 717 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GD098 UT WOS:A1991GD09800002 ER PT J AU LAIRD, W COLUMBUS, EP BRAGG, CK AF LAIRD, W COLUMBUS, EP BRAGG, CK TI SEED COTTON QUALITY SEPARATION BY A MECHANICAL CLEANER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE COTTON; MECHANICAL CLEANER AB Tests showed that an experimental seed cotton cleaning machine can be used to separate low quality fractions from machine-stripped cotton before ginning. The machine separated a fine, immature, low micronaire fraction of the cotton that had higher nonlint content, short fiber content, and light spots or discolored fiber. C1 USDA,ARS,COTTON QUAL RES STN,CLEMSON,SC. USDA ARS,COTTON GINNING RES LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP LAIRD, W (reprint author), USDA,ARS,COTTON PROD & PROC RES UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 718 EP 726 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GD098 UT WOS:A1991GD09800003 ER PT J AU TESSIER, S HYDE, GM PAPENDICK, RI SAXTON, KE AF TESSIER, S HYDE, GM PAPENDICK, RI SAXTON, KE TI NO-TILL SEEDERS EFFECTS ON SEED ZONE PROPERTIES AND WHEAT EMERGENCE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE NO-TILL; FURROW OPENERS; DIRECT SEEDING; DRILLS; SEEDERS ID SOIL AB Four no-till seeders were evaluated to determine their effects on soil-seed environment properties, soil water and temperature regimes in seed rows, and subsequent spring wheat emergence in the Pacific Northwest. All treatment variability in wheat emergence could not be explained by differences in seeding depth alone. A seeder equipped with hoe openers (HZ-hoe) protruding below seed placement depth resulted in deep seed placement, extensive disturbance of soil surface, loose seed row environment, and high rate of water loss from seed rows. These factors contributed to slower and lower emergence compared to a seeder with double disc opener (USDA II) which opens seed furrows with minimum soil tillage. Fertilizer placement features with three of these seeders generally increased furrow surface roughness and drying rate of the seed rows compared to the USDA II seeder. In contrast, hoe openers of the HZ-hoe seeder, modified for fertilizer placement below the seed, improved seed zone soil water regimes for a short period after seeding by bringing up moist soil from beneath seeding depth. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP TESSIER, S (reprint author), UNIV LAVAL,DEPT AGR ENGN,QUEBEC CITY G1K 7P4,QUEBEC,CANADA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 733 EP 739 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GD098 UT WOS:A1991GD09800005 ER PT J AU MCCANN, IR MCFARLAND, MJ WITZ, JA AF MCCANN, IR MCFARLAND, MJ WITZ, JA TI NEAR-SURFACE BARE SOIL-TEMPERATURE MODEL FOR BIOPHYSICAL MODELS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL; SOIL TEMPERATURE; INSECTS; BIOPHYSICS; MODELING ID DRYLAND EVAPORATIVE FLUX; VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; DIAPAUSE DEVELOPMENT; SUBHUMID CLIMATE; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; NOCTUIDAE AB A simple model for hourly soil temperatures within 100 mm of the surface, for use in appropriate biophysical development models, was derived from simulations using a physically based, one-dimensional, numerical model for soil temperature and water content in a bare soil. The simple model incorporates the effect of soil water content by assuming that the primary mechanism by which it influences soil temperature is the surface energy balance. Daily surface temperature maxima and minima are estimated from daily meteorological data and, from these, hourly soil temperature is estimated. Results indicate that the simple model adequately estimated hourly soil temperatures during the early spring in College Station, Texas. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT AGR ENGN,USDA ARS,PEST MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP MCCANN, IR (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,DEPT AGR ENGN,CTR RES & EXTENS,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 748 EP 755 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GD098 UT WOS:A1991GD09800007 ER PT J AU BARGERON, JD AF BARGERON, JD TI COTTON SHORT FIBER CONTENT VARIABILITY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE COTTON; FIBER CONTENT; VARIABILITY AB The short fiber content of cotton bales of a given staple length is highly variable and conforms more closely to a Poisson distribution than to a Gaussian distribution. The mean short fiber content ranged from 17.4% by weight for staple 30 to 4.9% for staple 38. The 95% confidence limits for staple 30 ranged from 9.6 to 26.2% and for staple 38 ranged from 1.8 to 12.0%. The unequal variance observed between the staple lengths indicate that standard linear techniques may not be appropriate for deriving relationships between short fiber content and other length parameters. RP BARGERON, JD (reprint author), USDA,ARS,COTTON QUAL RES STN,CLEMSON,SC, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 787 EP 790 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GD098 UT WOS:A1991GD09800012 ER PT J AU BARKER, GL LAIRD, JW BUSCHA, TE AF BARKER, GL LAIRD, JW BUSCHA, TE TI ROOM-TEMPERATURE REGAIN RATES FOR COTTON LINT MOISTURE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE COTTON; LINT; MOISTURE; ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS AB Equipment and techniques were developed to study cotton moisture absorption and desorption rates. The equipment worked well and provided valuable insight into the moisture-time relationships for cotton lint. The moisture data was transformed and found to fit a theoretical, exponential decay function. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to fit the value of the coefficients in the theoretical equation. The equation can be used, with equilibrium moisture content values, to predict the time rate of change of moisture content of cotton lint. The equation applies to small samples of lint (similar in size to the lint from one lock of seed cotton) found in an air stream with a small relative velocity (0.04 m/s) at temperatures between 12 and 26-degrees-C. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP BARKER, GL (reprint author), USDA,ARS,COTTON PROD & PROC RES UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 791 EP 794 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GD098 UT WOS:A1991GD09800013 ER PT J AU HUBBARD, RK LEONARD, RA JOHNSON, AW AF HUBBARD, RK LEONARD, RA JOHNSON, AW TI NITRATE TRANSPORT ON A SANDY COASTAL-PLAIN SOIL UNDERLAIN BY PLINTHITE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE RUNOFF; NITRATE; LEACHING ID SHALLOW GROUND-WATER; EVOLUTION; NEBRASKA; MOVEMENT; QUALITY; COUNTY AB Transport of nitrate (NO3-N) by surface runoff, shallow subsurface flow, and leaching during 1988-89 was determined on a sandy Coastal Plain soil having plinthic subsoil materials. The study was conducted on a small (0.34 ha) instrumented watershed. Nitrate concentrations were measured in surface runoff, shallow subsurface flow, soil samples collected from the upper 30 cm of the root zone, and water samples collected from shallow and deep wells. The study showed that most of the NO3-N leached from the upper 30 cm of the root zone within 1.5 months after N application, given a total rainfall of 200 mm or more. Surface runoff NO3-N concentrations and loads were small, with monthly loads not exceeding 0.3 kg/ha. Nitrate concentrations in shallow groundwater (0.9 to 1.8 m) during the sweet corn growing season reflected applied N, with values ranging from 11 to 19 mg/L. Applied N was also reflected in shallow subsurface flow during the spring months. Mean NO3-N concentrations in subsurface flow ranged from 3.9 to 14.1 mg/L, while monthly loads ranged from 0.1 to 9.2 kg/ha. The study indicated that some NO3-N is being lost by vertical water movement in plinthic Coastal Plain soils towards deeper groundwater, and that this loss pathway should be of environmental concern. C1 USDA ARS,NEMATODES WEEDS & CROPS RES UNIT,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP HUBBARD, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 802 EP 808 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GD098 UT WOS:A1991GD09800015 ER PT J AU WILSON, BN HAAN, CT ELLIOT, WJ LAFLEN, JM AF WILSON, BN HAAN, CT ELLIOT, WJ LAFLEN, JM TI BAYESIAN-ESTIMATION OF EROSION PARAMETERS .2. APPLICATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE ERODIBILITY; WEPP; PARAMETER ESTIMATION; BAYESIAN AB This is a second article of a two-part study to improve the estimation of erosion parameters using Bayesian methods. Here the general relationships developed in the first article are applied to interrill and rill erodibilities. Prior information is represented by regression equations of the WEPP data set. A normal distribution of interrill erodibility and a log-normal distribution of rill erodibility are assumed. These assumptions are shown to be reasonable. The proposed Bayesian technique is tested using the relatively large data base contained in WEPP and for three soils not included in the regression data base. Overall, the technique works very well resulting in a more reliable and usually smaller spread in the probability density functions. It appears to be a very useful procedure for combining site-specific information with that contained in a national data base. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP WILSON, BN (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 821 EP 830 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GD098 UT WOS:A1991GD09800017 ER PT J AU HAGEN, LJ AF HAGEN, LJ TI WIND EROSION MECHANICS - ABRASION OF AGGREGATED SOIL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE WIND; EROSION; MODELING ID INDEX AB The wind erosion process on agricultural soils is being modeled as the time-dependent conservation of mass transport of soil moving as saltation and creep. Emission of loose soil and abrasion of clods and crust act as sources, whereas trapping and suspension act as sinks for the moving soil. In this study, an expression for the abrasion source term was derived. Abrasion flux from aggregates or crust was shown to be the product of three variables - fraction of saltation impacting the target, an abrasion coefficient, and saltation discharge. Various aspects of the proposed abrasion source term were then investigated in three wind tunnel studies. First, crusted trays were abraded using a range of windspeeds and sand abrader rates. Regression analysis showed there was no significant relationship between crust abrasion coefficients and fraction of abrader moving below 0.1 m (i.e. abrader trajectories). This result shows practical abrasion coefficients can be developed which depend only on the properties of the target and abrader. Second, a relationship was developed to predict fraction of saltation impacting surface aggregates (or intervening crust) as a function of surface aggregate cover and roughness. The relationship was tested in the tunnel by abrading crusted trays partially covered (0 to 30%) with non-abradable aggregates. Regression analysis showed there was good agreement (R2 = 0.97) between observed and predicted fraction of abrader impacting aggregates. In the third experiment, trays were filled with various mixtures of large- and saltation-size aggregates. The trays were abraded in the wind tunnel by a low saltation discharge from a narrow upwind aggregate bed. The results showed that, because the wind transport capacity significantly exceeded the saltation discharge, the surface tended to armor with large aggregates. In this case, the fraction of abrader impacting large aggregates was not significantly different from one for a wide range of aggregate mixtures. RP HAGEN, LJ (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 831 EP 837 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GD098 UT WOS:A1991GD09800018 ER PT J AU ROGERS, JS SELIM, HM CARTER, CE FOUSS, JL AF ROGERS, JS SELIM, HM CARTER, CE FOUSS, JL TI VARIABILITY OF AUGER HOLE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY VALUES FOR A COMMERCE SILT LOAM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER QUALITY; AUGERS ID SOIL AB Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K(s)) values measured from auger holes spaced 6.1 m apart in twenty-six 300 m transects were analyzed for spatial variability. Hole depths from 0.6 to 2.4 m in 0.3 m increments with water table depths from near 0 to 1.0 m were used in this study. The same auger hole was normally used for several depths by first digging the hole to the shallowest depth and then successively increasing the depth in 30 cm increments. A capacitance system was used to measure the rate of water rise in the auger holes at depths to 2.1 m whereas a resistance tape system was used for depths > 2.1 m. Spatial variability analyses showed significant spatial structure for several transects and little or no structure, i.e. random variation of K(s), for most other transects. However, the removal of the variation caused by the presence of a significant drift in the data sets also removed all apparent spatial structure. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP ROGERS, JS (reprint author), USDA,BATON ROUGE,LA, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 876 EP 882 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GD098 UT WOS:A1991GD09800024 ER PT J AU AYARS, JE HUTMACHER, RB SCHONEMAN, RA DETTINGER, DR AF AYARS, JE HUTMACHER, RB SCHONEMAN, RA DETTINGER, DR TI INFLUENCE OF COTTON CANOPY ON SPRINKLER IRRIGATION UNIFORMITY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE IRRIGATION; WATER DISTRIBUTION; CROP CANOPY; COTTON ID WATER APPLICATION AB Irrigation system performance is often evaluated based on a uniformity coefficient calculated from water collected in a measuring apparatus or from changes in the soil water content. These measurements are generally made from one test and usually when no crop is present. However, a growing crop canopy has a significant potential to modify the distribution of water applied during an irrigation. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of a cotton canopy on sprinkler irrigation uniformity. A seven-span lateral move sprinkler irrigation machine was used with sprinklers designed to create different levels of water application uniformity. Five uniformities and two depths of application were evaluated. Irrigation water was caught above and below the canopy by plastic troughs which spanned the distance between rows. Christiansen's Uniformity Coefficient (CUC) was used as the measure of uniformity and was calculated on both a daily and cumulative application basis. The cotton leaf canopy was found to be significantly influenced by the water application patterns and depths in the uniformity/application depth treatments. The row-to-row variations in plant height, leaf area, and leaf distribution had a significant effect on the distribution of water below the canopy. Water application data collected above and below the canopy showed that an increased percentage of the applied water was "lost" as the depth of application was reduced. Increasing the depth of applied water tended to improve the CUC both above and below the canopy. The CUC was higher below the canopy for any given application than above the canopy. In the high uniformity treatments, the depth of applied water had less effect on the difference in calculated CUC above and below the canopy than in the low uniformity treatments. RP AYARS, JE (reprint author), USDA,ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 890 EP 896 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GD098 UT WOS:A1991GD09800026 ER PT J AU GILLEY, JE FINKNER, SC AF GILLEY, JE FINKNER, SC TI HYDRAULIC ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENTS AS AFFECTED BY RANDOM ROUGHNESS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE HYDRAULICS; FLOW; ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENTS; TILLAGE ID OVERLAND-FLOW; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; RESISTANCE; TILLAGE AB Random roughness parameters are used to characterize surface microrelief. In this study, random roughness was determined following six selected tillage operations. Random roughness measurements agreed closely with values reported in the literature. Surface runoff on upland areas is analyzed using hydraulic roughness coefficients. Darcy-Weisbach and Manning hydraulic roughness coefficients were identified in this investigation on each soil surface where random roughness values were determined. Hydraulic roughness coefficients were obtained from measurements of discharge rate and flow velocity. The experimental data were used to derive regression relationships which related Darcy-Weisbach and Manning hydraulic roughness coefficients to random roughness and Reynolds number. Random roughness values available in the literature can be substituted into the regression equations to estimate hydraulic roughness coefficients for a wide range of tillage implements. The accurate prediction of hydraulic roughness coefficients will improve our ability to understand and properly model upland flow hydraulics. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT BIOL SYST ENGN,LINCOLN,NE 68588. RP GILLEY, JE (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68588, USA. NR 22 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 897 EP 903 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GD098 UT WOS:A1991GD09800027 ER PT J AU RICE, RC JAYNES, DB BOWMAN, RS AF RICE, RC JAYNES, DB BOWMAN, RS TI PREFERENTIAL FLOW OF SOLUTES AND HERBICIDE UNDER IRRIGATED FIELDS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE PREFERENTIAL FLOW; IRRIGATION; SOLUTES; HERBICIDES ID MOVEMENT; WATER; SOIL; TRANSPORT; TRACER AB Over the past several years, there has been an increasing concern of groundwater contamination from agricultural chemicals. Until recently it was generally believed that pesticides would not move to the groundwater. Starting in the mid-seventies more cases of pesticide contamination were reported. This article discusses recent experiments where accelerated leaching of solutes and a herbicide were observed under intermittent flood and sprinkler irrigation. Preferential flow phenomena resulted in solute and herbicide velocities of 1.6 to 2.5 times faster than calculated by traditional water balance methods and piston flow model. Little preferential flow was observed under continuously flooded conditions on a loam soil. Generally, preferential flow is thought to occur in coarse grained soils, cracked soils or in macro-pores such as root or worm holes. The bypass that we observed was in sandy loam and sandy soils with little or no structure. Understanding the preferential flow phenomena is necessary when predictive flow models are used. C1 NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL,SOCORRO,NM 87801. RP RICE, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 914 EP 918 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GD098 UT WOS:A1991GD09800030 ER PT J AU CLARK, RN AF CLARK, RN TI DESIGN AND INITIAL PERFORMANCE OF A 500-KW VERTICAL-AXIS WIND TURBINE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE WIND TURBINE; WIND ENERGY; ELECTRICAL GENERATION; WINDMILLS; ELECTRIC POWER AB A large vertical-axis wind turbine which incorporates the latest technology from field experiments, wind tunnel models, and computer code simulations was erected at Bushland, TX. Testing began in 1988. The wind turbine was designed and built to examine aerodynamic, control, and structural dynamic strategies intended to improve the effectiveness of vertical-axis wind turbine systems. The turbine has a 34-m equatorial rotor diameter and is 50 m high. The rotor blades are each constructed in five sections with two different airfoil shapes and three sizes. Power from the rotor is transferred through a speed increasing transmission to a variable speed generator rated at 500 kW in a 12.5 m/s wind operating at 37.5 rpm. Results from aerodynamic testing indicate the turbine's performance is slightly less than predicted but is much better than previous designs. Power per square meter of rotor area was measured at 40% greater than earlier systems. Using a Rayleigh windspeed distribution and an annual windspeed average of 6.3 m/s, the annual energy from the new wind turbine is projected to be 50% more per square meter of rotor area than the systems now used in wind farms. The structural measurements show that the measured gravity and centrifugal stresses were within 2% of the stresses predicted by the finite element model. Also the predicted modal frequencies for the first 11 modes were within 2% of the measured values. RP CLARK, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 985 EP 991 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GD098 UT WOS:A1991GD09800041 ER PT J AU UPCHURCH, BL AFFELDT, HA HRUSCHKA, WR THROOP, JA AF UPCHURCH, BL AFFELDT, HA HRUSCHKA, WR THROOP, JA TI OPTICAL-DETECTION OF BRUISES AND EARLY FROST DAMAGE ON APPLES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE APPLES; FROST DAMAGE; OPTICS AB Diffuse reflectance in the 400 to 1012 nanometer (nm) region was measured on blemished and nonblemished areas of whole 'Empire' apples. The 'Empire' variety is a multi-colored fruit with a high percentage of green coloration in addition to red pigmentation. Reflectance models were developed from the reflectance spectra for identifying bruised, frost damaged (russett-like appearance) and nonblemished areas on unpeeled apples. Single term linear regression analysis was used to select the proper wavelengths for each model. Models were formed from 96 spectra, which included the reflectance spectra from nonblemished red and green, bruised red and green, and early frost damaged sites. No single model tested could classify the samples into three categories: frost damaged, bruised, and nonblemished. Although the ratio between the reflectance at two wavelengths had a high correlation (r2 = 0.77), it was unable to separate the nonblemished and bruised green samples from the frost damaged samples. However, a three-step process, based on a different model for each step separated frost damaged fruit from the lot, separated red and green from the remaining areas, and then identified the bruised areas within the red and green samples. C1 SUNKIST GROWERS INC,ONTARIO,CA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENT & SENSING LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP UPCHURCH, BL (reprint author), USDA,ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV, USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1004 EP 1009 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GD098 UT WOS:A1991GD09800044 ER PT J AU PETERS, PA AF PETERS, PA TI CORRELATING PRODUCTION OF ACCUMULATING FELLER-BUNCHERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE FORESTRY; FELLER-BUNCHERS; TIMBER PRODUCTION; FOREST ENGINEERING; FOREST OPERATIONS; LOGGING AB The field performance of accumulating feller-bunchers reported in the United States and Canadian literature is reviewed. The major variables affecting feller-buncher performance in trees per productive machine hour (TPPMH) are average stand tree diameter at breast height (DBH), initial stand trees/ha (TPHA), and trees per accumulation (TPACC). The correlation between these variables is used to determine TPPMH as a linear function of DBH only. Slopes ranged from -6 to -25 TPPMH/DBH (trees/cm/h) for the feller-bunchers considered. Accumulating feller-bunchers should be considered for use in stands with DBH = 15 to 30 cm and shear or saw diameter should be two to three times DBH. RP PETERS, PA (reprint author), NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,MORGANTOWN,WV, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1024 EP 1030 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA GD098 UT WOS:A1991GD09800047 ER PT J AU ACKERMANN, MR CHEVILLE, NF AF ACKERMANN, MR CHEVILLE, NF TI ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES OF THE LUNG OF TURKEYS (MELEAGRIS-GALLOPAVO) INOCULATED INTRATRACHEALLY WITH ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIR CAPILLARY; AVIAN COLIBACILLOSIS; AVIRULENT; FIMBRIATED; TURKEY; VIRULENT ID BORDETELLA-AVIUM INFECTION; PULMONARY CLEARANCE; AIR SAC; AVIRULENT; VIRULENT; CHICKENS; STRAINS; PILI; PATHOGENICITY; SURFACTANT AB To test the hypothesis that walls of air capillaries are a site for Escherichia coli to pass the air-blood barrier, fimbriated and nonfimbriated strains of E. coli were inoculated intratracheally into 18-day-old turkeys. Venous blood was cultured, and turkeys were necropsied from 0.5 to 8 hours post-inoculation. Lungs were processed for histopathology and electron microscopy. E. coli 078 was identified ultrastructurally using rabbit anti-lipopolysaccharide antibody and protein A-colloidal gold. All birds developed bacteremia; there was no significant difference between groups given fimbriated or nonfimbriated bacteria. Bacteria adhered to the plasma membrane of air capillary epithelial cells and were seen within vacuoles of portions of these cells that lined the fornices of air capillaries. Bacteria were also seen in the basement membrane at the basal surface of air capillary epithelial cells and, rarely, in vacuoles of subjacent endothelial cells. Infected granular and nongranular cells that lined air atria were necrotic 4 hours post-inoculation. Bacteria were within the overlying trilaminar substance and between reticular fibers of the interstitial stroma and pleura at 30 minutes post-infection and thereafter. Thus, the pulmonary air capillaries are a site for entrance of E. coli into the pulmonary blood capillaries, but fimbriae play little or no role in passage across the air-blood barrier. RP ACKERMANN, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 28 IS 3 BP 183 EP 191 PG 9 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA FK682 UT WOS:A1991FK68200001 PM 1677505 ER PT J AU ACKERMANN, MR CHEVILLE, NF DETILLEUX, PG AF ACKERMANN, MR CHEVILLE, NF DETILLEUX, PG TI LECTIN HISTOCHEMISTRY OF TRACHEA AND LUNG OF HEALTHY TURKEYS (MELEAGRIS-GALLOPAVO) AND TURKEYS WITH PNEUMONIA SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AVIAN SPECIES; ANTIGRANULOCYTES CELLS; LECTINS; PEANUT AGGLUTININ; TYPE-II PNEUMOCYTES ID OXIDASE SCHIFF SEQUENCE; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BINDING; SURFACE; GLYCOPROTEIN; GALACTOSE; RESIDUES; KIDNEY; RODENT AB Thirteen lectins were used to characterize lectin-binding specificity of glycoconjugates on sections of formalin-fixed lung and trachea from seven normal turkeys, two turkeys with acute pneumonia, and two turkeys with chronic pneumonia. Neuraminidase was used to digest sialic acid residues. One N-acetylgalactosamine-binding lectin and two N-acetylgalactosamine/galactose-binding lectins stained the apical membrane and cytoplasm of multifocal cells that lined air atria and hyperplastic granular cells. Other lectins in these groups stained ciliated cells of the trachea and bronchi and air capillary epithelial cells. Sialic acid residues were on apical surfaces of ciliated and nonciliated tracheal and bronchial lining cells, air capillary epithelial cells, and vascular endothelial cells. Mannose/glucose-binding lectins stained reticular and elastic fibers in the lamina propria of trachea, primary and secondary bronchi, and the tunica adventitia of arteries and veins. By transmission electron microscopy, colloidal gold-Arachis hypogaea (peanut agglutinin) labeled microvilli on the apical surface of mature granular cells. The L-fucose-binding lectin, in addition to several other lectins, stained nonspecifically in both trachea and lung. These studies show that granular cells that line air atria can be identified with lectins of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine/galactose groups, and that apical surfaces of epithelial cells and endothelial cells in the trachea and lung express terminal sialic acid residues. RP ACKERMANN, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 28 IS 3 BP 192 EP 199 PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA FK682 UT WOS:A1991FK68200002 PM 1858252 ER PT J AU BROWN, CC OLANDER, HJ MEYER, RF AF BROWN, CC OLANDER, HJ MEYER, RF TI A PRELIMINARY-STUDY OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS USING INSITU HYBRIDIZATION SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE; GUINEA PIG; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; PATHOGENESIS ID CATTLE AB Five adult guinea pigs were inoculated intraepithelially in the right hindfoot pad with foot-and-mouth disease virus. Animals were euthanatized with carbon dioxide at 4, 10, 24, 48, and 72 hours postinoculation. Generalized disease developed in the guinea pigs, as evidenced by depression and inappetance by 24 hours post-inoculation and by the formation of vesicles in the noninoculated hindfoot pad by 48 hours post-inoculation. By in situ hybridization, using a 500 base pair biotinylated RNA probe, viral nucleic acid was detected in the noninoculated fore- and hindfoot pads as early as 10 hours post-inoculation, well before any pathologic changes associated with foot-and-mouth disease virus infection were detected. These tissues remained consistently positive for the presence of viral nucleic acid up to the end of the experiment. At this time, in the forefoot pad, even though virus had first been detected with certainty in that tissue 62 hours previously, there was still no microscopic evidence of foot-and-mouth disease virus-induced damage in the histologic section. Similarly, tongue tissue was positive by in situ hybridization at 4, 48, and 72 hours post-inoculation, yet there was never any microscopic evidence of degeneration or vesicle formation. From this preliminary study, it appears that, in the guinea pig, the virus is widely disseminated to foot pads and tongue, with epidermal lesions resulting only in selected areas. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VET PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP BROWN, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,APHIS,NATL VET SERV LABS,S&T,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 28 IS 3 BP 216 EP 222 PG 7 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA FK682 UT WOS:A1991FK68200005 PM 1650051 ER PT J AU MULFORD, DJ BAKKE, JE FEIL, VJ AF MULFORD, DJ BAKKE, JE FEIL, VJ TI GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE-MEDIATED METHYLTHIO DISPLACEMENT AND TURNOVER IN THE METABOLISM OF PENTACHLOROTHIOANISOLE BY RATS SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID HEXACHLOROBENZENE; ACIDS AB 1. The metabolism of pentachlorothioanisole to bis-(methylthio)tetrachlorobenzene was shown to involve turnover of about 50% of the original methylthio group. 2. Metabolites of the displaced methylthio group were methanesulphinic acid and sulphate in the urine, carbon dioxide in the expired air, and unidentified sulphur-containing compounds in the bile. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP MULFORD, DJ (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD MAY PY 1991 VL 21 IS 5 BP 597 EP 603 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA FQ382 UT WOS:A1991FQ38200005 PM 1949892 ER PT J AU WOLLENWEBER, E ROITMAN, JN AF WOLLENWEBER, E ROITMAN, JN TI NEW FROND EXUDATE FLAVONOIDS FROM CHEILANTHOID FERNS SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NOTHOLAENA AB A series of new flavonoid aglycones have been identified in the frond exudates of the fern Cheilanthes argentea, in five species of Notholaena, in Pityrogramma triangularis, and in Platyzoma microphylla. These aglycones comprise several rare flavonoids and five novel natural products: 5,7,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyl flavone, 3,5,2'-trihydroxy-7,8,4'-trimethoxy flavone, 5,2'-dihydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy flavone, 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-2'-methoxy flavanone, and 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy flavone. The novel flavonoids were characterized by their NMR spectral data. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES LAB,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP WOLLENWEBER, E (reprint author), TH DARMSTADT,INST BOT,SCHNITTSPAHNSTR 3,W-6100 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 46 IS 5-6 BP 325 EP 330 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA FU810 UT WOS:A1991FU81000001 ER PT J AU WOLLENWEBER, E MANN, K ROITMAN, JN AF WOLLENWEBER, E MANN, K ROITMAN, JN TI FLAVONOID AGLYCONES FROM THE BUD EXUDATES OF 3 BETULACEAE SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Note ID POPULUS AB Bud Exudates of three Betulaceae were analyzed for minor flavonoid aglycones. Three flavonoids not previously reported were found in Alnus koehnei, four in Betula nigra. A novel flavonol, morin-3,2',4'-trimethyl ether, is described for Ostrya carpinifolia. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES LAB,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP WOLLENWEBER, E (reprint author), TH DARMSTADT,INST BOT,SCHNITTSPAHNSTR 3,W-6100 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 46 IS 5-6 BP 495 EP 497 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA FU810 UT WOS:A1991FU81000021 ER PT J AU BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE KINGSTON, DGI AF BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE KINGSTON, DGI TI ENZYMOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR SEPARATE PATHWAYS FOR AFLATOXIN-B1 AND AFLATOXIN-B2 BIOSYNTHESIS SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; O-METHYLSTERIGMATOCYSTIN; VERSICOLORIN-A; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; CONVERSION; STERIGMATOCYSTIN; PRECURSOR; B2 AB Aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) and B2 (AFB2) are biologically active secondary metabolites of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. These toxins are synthesized by the fungi from pathway precursors: sterigmatocystin (ST) --> O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST) --> AFB1; dihydrosterigmatocystin (DHST) --> dihydro-O-methylsterigmatocystin (DHOMST) --> AFB2. The late stages of AFB1 synthesis are carried out by two enzyme activities, a methyltransferase (MT) (ST --> OMST), and an oxidoreductase (OR) (OMST --> AFB1). Properties of the purified MT have been identified in a previous investigation [Bhatnagar et al. (1988) Prep. Biochem. 18, 321]. In the current study, the OR was partially purified (150-fold of specific activity) from fungal cell-free extracts and characterized with extended investigation of the late stages of AFB1 and AFB2 synthesis. Whole cells of an isolate of A. flavus (SRRC 141), which produce only AFB2, were able to produce AFB1 in ST and OMST feeding studies; the results suggested that the enzymes involved in AFB2 biosynthesis also carry out AFB1 synthesis. Substrate competition experiments carried out with the OR showed that an increasing concentration of either OMST or DHOMST in the presence of a fixed, nonsaturating concentration of either DHOMST or OMST, respectively, resulted in a decline in production of one aflatoxin (B1 or B2) with a corresponding increase in the synthesis of the other toxin (B2 or B1). OMST was a preferred substrate (K(m), 1.2-mu-M) for the oxidoreductase as compared to DHOMST (K(m), 13.4-mu-M). Similar, substrate competition experiments showed that ST (K(m), 2.0-mu-M) was a preferred substrate over DHST (K(m), 22.5-mu-M) for a homogeneous MT. The results suggest that AFB1 and AFB2 synthesis is catalyzed by common enzymes that use separate precursors as substrates for the synthesis of each toxin. A biosynthetic grid for the AFB1 and AFB2 synthesis is presented on the basis of enzyme substrate specificity studies and cellular conversions of pertinent metabolites. C1 VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,DEPT CHEM,RICHMOND,VA 23284. RP BHATNAGAR, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 42 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD APR 30 PY 1991 VL 30 IS 17 BP 4343 EP 4350 DI 10.1021/bi00231a033 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA FK234 UT WOS:A1991FK23400033 PM 1902378 ER PT J AU CZAPLA, TH CLAEYS, MR MORGAN, TD KRAMER, KJ HOPKINS, TL HAWLEY, MD AF CZAPLA, TH CLAEYS, MR MORGAN, TD KRAMER, KJ HOPKINS, TL HAWLEY, MD TI OXIDATIVE DECARBOXYLATION OF 3,4-DIHYDROXYMANDELIC ACID TO 3,4-DIHYDROXYBENZALDEHYDE - ELECTROCHEMICAL AND HPLC ANALYSIS OF THE REACTION-MECHANISM SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE 3,4-DIHYDROXYMANDELIC ACID; OXIDATIVE DECARBOXYLATION; PARA-BENZOQUINONE METHIDE; ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION; 3,4-DIHYDROXYBENZALDEHYDE; ORTHO-BENZOQUINONE ID INSECT CUTICLE; TYROSINASE; IDENTIFICATION AB Cyclic voltammetric and chronoamperometric data are consistent with a process in which 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid (DOMA) is oxidized initially in a two-electron step to its corresponding o-benzoquinone. This species is unstable and undergoes the rate-determining loss of CO2 (k = 1.6 s-1 at pH 6 and 25-degrees-C) to give an unobserved p-benzoquinone methide intermediate that rapidly isomerizes to 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (DOBAL), DOBAL is also electroactive at the applied potential and is oxidized in a two-electron step to 4-formyl-1,2-benzoquinone. Subsequent reactions of 4-formyl-1,2-benzoquinone include the oxidation of unreacted DOMA and the hydration of its aldehyde functional group. Oxidation of DOMA directly to its p-benzoquinone methide apparently does not occur. Derivatives of mandelic acid (e.g., 4-hydroxymandelic acid) that are expected to give only their corresponding p-benzoquinone methides upon oxidation afford redox behavior that differs distinctly from that for DOMA. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT CHEM,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3002 J9 BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA PD APR 29 PY 1991 VL 1077 IS 3 BP 400 EP 406 DI 10.1016/0167-4838(91)90557-G PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA FM076 UT WOS:A1991FM07600022 PM 2029539 ER PT J AU SLININGER, PJ BRANSTRATOR, LE BOTHAST, RJ OKOS, MR LADISCH, MR AF SLININGER, PJ BRANSTRATOR, LE BOTHAST, RJ OKOS, MR LADISCH, MR TI GROWTH, DEATH, AND OXYGEN-UPTAKE KINETICS OF PICHIA-STIPITIS ON XYLOSE SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CANDIDA-SHEHATAE; PACHYSOLEN-TANNOPHILUS; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; FERMENTATION; YEASTS; TEMPERATURE AB Pichia stipitis NRRL Y-7124 has potential application in the fermentation of xylose-rich waste streams produced by wood hydrolysis. Kinetic models of cell growth, death, and oxygen uptake were investigated in batch and oxygen-limited continuous cultures fed a rich synthetic medium. Variables included rates of dilution (D) and oxygen transfer (K(i)a) and concentrations of xylose (X), ethanol (E), and dissolved oxygen (C(ox)). Sustained cell growth required the presence of oxygen. Given excess xylose, specific growth rate (mu) was a Monod function of C(ox). Specific oxygen uptake rate was proportional to mu by a yield coefficient relating biomass production to oxygen consumption; but oxygen uptake for maintenance was negligible. Thus steady-state C(ox) depended only on D, while steady-state biomass concentration was controlled by both D and K(i)a. Given excess oxygen, cells grew subject to Monod limitation by xylose, which became inhibitory above 40 g/L. Ethanol inhibition was consistent with Luong's model, and 64.3 g/L was the maximum ethanol concentration allowing growth. Actively growing cells died at a rate that was 20% of mu. The dying portion increased with E and X. C1 PURDUE UNIV,RENEWABLE RESOURCES ENGN LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP SLININGER, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD APR 25 PY 1991 VL 37 IS 10 BP 973 EP 980 DI 10.1002/bit.260371012 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA FF003 UT WOS:A1991FF00300011 PM 18597323 ER PT J AU SHOGREN, RL THOMPSON, AR GREENE, RV GORDON, SH COTE, G AF SHOGREN, RL THOMPSON, AR GREENE, RV GORDON, SH COTE, G TI COMPLEXES OF STARCH POLYSACCHARIDES AND POLY(ETHYLENE COACRYLIC ACID) - STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION IN THE SOLID-STATE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID C-13 CP/MAS NMR; HIGH-RESOLUTION; INCLUSION COMPLEXES; BLOWN FILMS; AMYLOSE; CYCLODEXTRINS; POLYMORPHS; GRANULES; CRYSTAL AB The structural characterization of model complexes of amylose (AM) and amylopectin (AP) with poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA) was undertaken in order to better understand the interactions that occur between the polysaccharides and EAA in starch-EAA-polyethylene films. X-ray diffraction and CP/MAS C-13-NMR studies showed that precipitates from solution mixtures of AM and EAA form crystalline, helical V-type inclusion complexes. The proportion of AM forming the V-type complex in the EAA/AM blends, estimated from shifts in the C1 resonance of AM, increased with increasing EAA/AM ratio, reaching a value of about 80% at EAA/AM = 0.5 (w/w). Similar measurements for EAA/AP complexes showed < 10% V structure. Approximately 80% of the AM and 4% of the AP in these blends was resistant to amylase digestion, in good agreement with their V-structure contents as determined above. Resonances at 184 and 181 ppm were observed for the carboxyl carbon of EAA in the EAA/AM and EAA/AP complexes. The resonance at 181 ppm, which was not observed in pure EAA, probably reflects greater shielding of the carboxyl inside the polysaccharide helix as well as changes in hydrogen bonding. The intensity of this peak was 2-3 times larger for the EAA/AM than for the EAA/AP complexes. FTIR experiments suggest that most (> 50%) of the EAA carboxyl groups were hydrogen bonded to polysaccharide hydroxyl groups in both AM and AP complexes when EAA/polysaccharide < 1. C1 USDA ARS, NO REG RES CTR, ANALYT CHEM SUPPORT UNITS, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. RP USDA ARS, NO REG RES CTR, BIOPOLYMER RES, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 EI 1097-4628 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD APR 20 PY 1991 VL 42 IS 8 BP 2279 EP 2286 DI 10.1002/app.1991.070420819 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA FC986 UT WOS:A1991FC98600019 ER PT J AU BURDON, T SANKARAN, L WALL, RJ SPENCER, M HENNIGHAUSEN, L AF BURDON, T SANKARAN, L WALL, RJ SPENCER, M HENNIGHAUSEN, L TI EXPRESSION OF A WHEY ACIDIC PROTEIN TRANSGENE DURING MAMMARY DEVELOPMENT - EVIDENCE FOR DIFFERENT MECHANISMS OF REGULATION DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; BETA-CASEIN GENE; HORMONAL-REGULATION; MICE; PROMOTER; MILK; RAT; DIRECTS; GLAND; MOUSE AB Expression of the mouse whey acidic protein (WAP) gene is specific to the mammary gland, is induced several thousand-fold during pregnancy, and is under the control of steroid and peptide hormones. To study developmental regulation of the mouse WAP gene, a 7.2-kilobase (kb) WAP transgene, including 2.6 kb of 5'- and 1.6 kb of 3'-flanking sequences, was introduced into mice. Of the 13 lines of mice examined, 6 expressed the transgenes during lactation at levels between 3 and 54% of the endogenous gene. Although expression was dependent on the site of integration, the transgenes within a given locus were expressed in a copy number-dependent manner and were coordinately regulated. The WAP transgenes were expressed specifically in the mammary gland, but showed a deregulated pattern of expression during mammary development. In all six lines of mice, induction of the WAP transgenes during pregnancy preceded that of the endogenous gene. During lactation, expression in two lines increased coordinately with the endogenous gene, and in three other lines of mice, transgene expression decreased to a basal level. These data indicate that the 7.2-kb gene contains some but not all of the elements necessary for correct developmental regulation. At a functional level it appears as if a repressor element, which inactivates the endogenous gene until late pregnancy, and an element necessary for induction during lactation are absent from the transgene. Complementary results from developmental and hormone induction studies suggest that WAP gene expression during pregnancy and lactation is mediated by different mechanisms. C1 NIDDKD,BIOCHEM & METAB LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIDDKD,DIABET BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 29 TC 128 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 11 BP 6909 EP 6914 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA FG727 UT WOS:A1991FG72700044 PM 2016304 ER PT J AU THURSTON, JR RIMLER, RB ACKERMANN, MR CHEVILLE, NF SACKS, JM AF THURSTON, JR RIMLER, RB ACKERMANN, MR CHEVILLE, NF SACKS, JM TI IMMUNITY INDUCED IN RATS VACCINATED WITH TOXOID PREPARED FROM HEAT-LABILE TOXIN PRODUCED BY PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA SEROGROUP-D SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PROTEIN TOXIN; PIGS AB Rats were vaccinated with a toxoid (D-toxoid) prepared from purified heat-labile toxin (D-toxin) produced by Pasteurella multocida serogroup D. Vaccination of rats with D-toxoid prevented death and other effects of D-toxin (hepatic necrosis, development of elevated leukocyte counts, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and elevated complement titers) that occurred in phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-vaccinated control rats. RP THURSTON, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD APR 15 PY 1991 VL 27 IS 2 BP 169 EP 174 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(91)90008-4 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA FH829 UT WOS:A1991FH82900008 PM 2063548 ER PT J AU GRINSTEAD, B EBAUGH, W WAITE, B AF GRINSTEAD, B EBAUGH, W WAITE, B TI LIMING AS A LAKE MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUE TO MITIGATE ACIDIC DEPOSITION IN FLORIDA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 5 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301388 ER PT J AU SPENCER, WF AF SPENCER, WF TI FACTORS CONTROLLING PESTICIDE VOLATILIZATION IN RELATION TO THEIR EFFECTIVENESS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,USDA ARS,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 7 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300087 ER PT J AU LOUGHRIN, JH HAMILTONKEMP, TR AF LOUGHRIN, JH HAMILTONKEMP, TR TI STUDIES ON THE VOLATILES OF NICOTIANA FLOWERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 11 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300011 ER PT J AU OBST, JR DOWNEY, JA HACKNEY, JM GRAHAM, LE DELWICHE, CF AF OBST, JR DOWNEY, JA HACKNEY, JM GRAHAM, LE DELWICHE, CF TI DESPERATELY SEEKING LIGNIN - ANALYTICAL PYROLYSIS AND THIOACIDOLYSIS OF SELECTED ALGAE AND PRIMITIVE LAND PLANTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BOT,MADISON,WI 53706. FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. LEHMAN COLL,DEPT BOT,BRONX,NY 10468. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 15 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300616 ER PT J AU VIGO, TL AF VIGO, TL TI ANTIMICROBIAL FIBERS AND POLYMERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 18 EP HIST PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301738 ER PT J AU HEDIN, PA AF HEDIN, PA TI FLAVONOIDS IN PLANT-RESISTANCE TO INSECTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 19 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300542 ER PT J AU BOND, JS ATALLA, RH AGARWAL, UP AF BOND, JS ATALLA, RH AGARWAL, UP TI RAMAN MICROPROBE STUDIES OF LIGNIN DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE CELL-WALLS OF LOBLOLLY-PINE AND BLACK SPRUCE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 INST PAPER SCI & TECHNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30318. USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 20 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300621 ER PT J AU FENDINGER, NJ GLOTFELTY, D AF FENDINGER, NJ GLOTFELTY, D TI AIR WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS OF PESTICIDES IN PURE AQUEOUS-SOLUTION AND IN NATURAL-WATER SAMPLES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,IVORYDALE TECH CTR,CINCINNATI,OH 45217. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 20 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300100 ER PT J AU HAGENMAIER, RD SHAW, PE AF HAGENMAIER, RD SHAW, PE TI GAS-PERMEABILITY OF SHELLAC AND OXIDIZED POLYETHYLENE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 20 EP AFGD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300020 ER PT J AU LIZOTTE, PA SHAW, PE AF LIZOTTE, PA SHAW, PE TI EFFECTS OF BUTYRALDEHYDE INFILTRATION ON VOLATILE FLAVOR COMPONENTS IN VALENCIA ORANGES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 21 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300021 ER PT J AU ANG, CYW AF ANG, CYW TI EFFECT OF HEAT-TREATMENT ON HEADSPACE GC PROFILES OF POULTRY MEAT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 24 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300024 ER PT J AU WHANG, JM AF WHANG, JM TI MATHEMATICAL-MODELING IN ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 26 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300106 ER PT J AU PLIMMER, JR AF PLIMMER, JR TI PHOTOCHEMICAL DISAPPEARANCE OF PESTICIDES FROM THE ENVIRONMENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 27 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300107 ER PT J AU PIONKE, HB AF PIONKE, HB TI AGROCHEMICAL CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER ON THE WATERSHED SCALE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NE WATERSHED RES CTR,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 28 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300108 ER PT J AU CHAPMAN, GW HORVAT, RJ PAYNE, JA AF CHAPMAN, GW HORVAT, RJ PAYNE, JA TI COMPARISON OF APPLE AND MAYHAW AROMA VOLATILES BY GLC AND GLC/MS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 31 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300031 ER PT J AU KIRK, TK AF KIRK, TK TI THE LIGNIN-DEGRADING ENZYME-SYSTEM OF PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 32 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300633 ER PT J AU MCCORMICK, SP BEREMAND, MN DESJARDINS, AE HOHN, TM AF MCCORMICK, SP BEREMAND, MN DESJARDINS, AE HOHN, TM TI BIOSYNTHESIS OF TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXINS BY FUSARIUM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 37 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300037 ER PT J AU HAMILTONKEMP, TR LOUGHRIN, JH ANDERSEN, RA AF HAMILTONKEMP, TR LOUGHRIN, JH ANDERSEN, RA TI CYCLIC EMISSION OF AROMATIC VOLATILES FROM NICOTIANA-SUAVEOLENS FLOWERS IS CONTROLLED BY A BIOLOGICAL CLOCK SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 42 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300042 ER PT J AU RENDLEMAN, JA AF RENDLEMAN, JA TI ENHANCEMENT OF GAMMA-CYCLODEXTRIN PRODUCTION FROM STARCH THROUGH SELECTIVE COMPLEXATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61607. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 43 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300566 ER PT J AU TANAKA, FS WIEN, RG ZAYLSKIE, RG AF TANAKA, FS WIEN, RG ZAYLSKIE, RG TI PHOTOLYTIC DEGRADATION OF A HOMOGENEOUS TRITON-X NONIONIC SURFACTANT - NONAETHOXYLATED PARA-(1,1,3,3-TETRAMETHYLBUTYL)PHENOL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 49 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300128 ER PT J AU LEESON, A HAPEMANSOMICH, CJ SHELTON, DR AF LEESON, A HAPEMANSOMICH, CJ SHELTON, DR TI BIODEGRADATION OF ATRAZINE OZONATION PRODUCTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NRI,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 50 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300129 ER PT J AU KRABBENHOFT, DP BOWSER, CJ GAT, JR KENDALL, C AF KRABBENHOFT, DP BOWSER, CJ GAT, JR KENDALL, C TI STABLE ISOTOPE TECHNIQUES IN LAKE HYDROLOGY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,MADISON,WI 53706. WEIZMANN INST SCI,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 51 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301434 ER PT J AU ISOGAI, A AGARWAL, UP ATALLA, RH AF ISOGAI, A AGARWAL, UP ATALLA, RH TI RAMAN MICROPROBE STUDIES OF STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN SINGLE RAMIE FIBERS DURING MERCERIZATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV TOKYO,FAC AGR,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 52 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300653 ER PT J AU LAMOUREUX, GL RUSNESS, DG SCHRODER, P RENNENBERG, H AF LAMOUREUX, GL RUSNESS, DG SCHRODER, P RENNENBERG, H TI DIPHENYLETHER HERBICIDE METABOLISM IN SPRUCE CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURE - THE IDENTIFICATION OF 2 NOVEL METABOLITES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. FRAUNHOFER INST ATMOSPHAR UMWELTFORSCH,W-8100 GARMISCH PARTENKIR,GERMANY. RI Rennenberg, Heinz/A-2083-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 53 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300132 ER PT J AU WELCH, CM AF WELCH, CM TI FORMALDEHYDE-FREE DURABLE PRESS FINISHING OF COTTON WITH BTCA IN THE PRESENCE OF ACCELERATORS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 54 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300655 ER PT J AU MORRIS, CE MORRIS, NM HARPER, RJ AF MORRIS, CE MORRIS, NM HARPER, RJ TI ESTERIFICATION CROSS-LINKING OF COTTON FABRIC - POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS DUE TO UNUSUAL SOLUBILITY PROPERTIES OF BTCA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 55 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300656 ER PT J AU POMONIS, JG AF POMONIS, JG TI HOMINIVORIN, THE FEMALE PHEROMONE THAT ELICITS THE MATING RESPONSE IN SCREWWORM MALES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 55 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300134 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, BAK TRASKMORRELL, BJ AF ANDREWS, BAK TRASKMORRELL, BJ TI A COMPARISON OF SELECTED FORMALDEHYDE FREE DURABLE PRESS FINISHES FROM ETHERIFICATION AND ESTERIFICATION CROSS-LINKING SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 56 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300657 ER PT J AU HOAGLAND, RE ABBAS, HK BOYETTE, CD VESONDER, RF AF HOAGLAND, RE ABBAS, HK BOYETTE, CD VESONDER, RF TI EFFECTS OF LIGHT ON THE BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY OF A FUSARIUM SPECIES AND ITS PHYTOTOXIN, FUMONISIN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SWSL,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. USDA ARS,NRRL,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 56 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300135 ER PT J AU TRASKMORRELL, BJ AF TRASKMORRELL, BJ TI THERMOANALYTICAL RANKING OF CATALYSTS FOR USE WITH POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS AS DURABLE PRESS REACTANTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 57 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300658 ER PT J AU BLANCHARD, EJ REINHARDT, RM AF BLANCHARD, EJ REINHARDT, RM TI DYEING PROPERTIES OF COTTON CROSS-LINKED IN THE PRESENCE OF GLYCOL ETHERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 58 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300659 ER PT J AU WOLFENBARGER, DA BROWN, TM AF WOLFENBARGER, DA BROWN, TM TI RESISTANCE TO AGROCHEMICALS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESLACO,TX 78596. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,CLEMSON,SC 29634. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 58 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300137 ER PT J AU JACKSON, DM ECKEL, RVW SEVERSON, RF STEPHENSON, MG AF JACKSON, DM ECKEL, RVW SEVERSON, RF STEPHENSON, MG TI CHEMICALLY BASED MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE IN NICOTIANA-TABACUM-L TO THE TOBACCO APHID, MYZUS-NICOTIANAE BLACKMAN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,OXFORD,NC. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. USDA ARS,NEMATODES WEEDS & CROPS RES UNIT,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 59 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300138 ER PT J AU REINHARDT, RM BLANCHARD, EJ AF REINHARDT, RM BLANCHARD, EJ TI DYEING PROPERTIES OF ALKALI-TREATED CROSS-LINKED COTTON FABRICS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 59 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300660 ER PT J AU SEVERSON, RF ECKEL, RVW JACKSON, DM AF SEVERSON, RF ECKEL, RVW JACKSON, DM TI EFFECTS OF CUTICULAR COMPONENTS FROM NICOTIANA SPP ON THE TOBACCO APHID, MYZUS-NICOTIANAE BLACKMAN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,OXFORD,NC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 60 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300139 ER PT J AU RUPPENICKER, GF HARPER, RJ SAWHNEY, APS ROBERT, KQ AF RUPPENICKER, GF HARPER, RJ SAWHNEY, APS ROBERT, KQ TI STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF FABRICS WOVEN FROM TWISTLESS COTTON YARNS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 61 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300662 ER PT J AU CUTLER, HG AF CUTLER, HG TI THE BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE NATURAL-PRODUCTS OF TRICHODERMA-KONINGII AND THEIR GENESIS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 62 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300063 ER PT J AU PERKINS, HH AF PERKINS, HH TI THE INFLUENCE OF THE CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION OF RAW COTTON ON YARN AND FABRIC QUALITY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CLEMSON,SC 29631. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 62 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300663 ER PT J AU CALAMARI, T MORTON, G HEMSTREET, J AF CALAMARI, T MORTON, G HEMSTREET, J TI IMPROVING THE PROCESSING OF SCOURED AND BLEACHED COTTON FIBERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 63 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300664 ER PT J AU SCHLOTZHAUER, WS CHORTYK, OT AF SCHLOTZHAUER, WS CHORTYK, OT TI IDENTIFICATION OF THERMOLYSIS PRODUCTS OF TOBACCO LEAF CONSTITUENTS BY SEMI-MICRO TECHNIQUES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 65 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300065 ER PT J AU GUELDNER, RC SMITH, MT AF GUELDNER, RC SMITH, MT TI POLYPHENOLIC CONSTITUENT DIFFERENCES IN PECAN TISSUES DETERMINED BY HPLC ANALYSES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613. USDA ARS,BYRON,GA 31008. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 66 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300066 ER PT J AU VERCELLOTTI, JR CRIPPEN, KL AF VERCELLOTTI, JR CRIPPEN, KL TI SUGARS AS SOURCES OF FLAVORS AND AROMAS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 66 EP CARB PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300589 ER PT J AU MEREDITH, FI ROBERTSON, JA LYON, BG NORTON, JD AF MEREDITH, FI ROBERTSON, JA LYON, BG NORTON, JD TI EFFECT OF LOW-TEMPERATURE STORAGE ON THE QUALITY OF AU-RUBRUM PLUMS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. AUBURN UNIV,DEPT HORT,AUBURN,AL 36849. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 67 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300067 ER PT J AU BACKHAUS, RA PAN, ZQ CORNISH, K AF BACKHAUS, RA PAN, ZQ CORNISH, K TI MOLECULAR-CLONING OF THE ABUNDANT RUBBER PARTICLE PROTEIN FROM GUAYULE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,TEMPE,AZ 85287. USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 68 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300068 ER PT J AU MORRIS, NM ANDREWS, BAK FAUGHT, SE MONTALVO, JG AF MORRIS, NM ANDREWS, BAK FAUGHT, SE MONTALVO, JG TI DETERMINATION OF BTCA ON COTTON FABRIC BY NIR SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 69 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300670 ER PT J AU BERTONIERE, NR KING, WD WELCH, CM AF BERTONIERE, NR KING, WD WELCH, CM TI EFFECT OF CATALYST ON THE PORE STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE OF COTTON CELLULOSE CROSS-LINKED WITH BUTANETETRACARBOXYLIC ACID SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 70 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300671 ER PT J AU YOKOYAMA, H HAYMAN, EP AF YOKOYAMA, H HAYMAN, EP TI REGULATION OF BIOSYNTHESIS OF CAROTENES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,PASADENA,CA 91106. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 70 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300070 ER PT J AU TIMPA, JD AF TIMPA, JD TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DISTRIBUTIONS AND STRENGTH IN COTTON FIBER SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 71 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300672 ER PT J AU DONALDSON, D BOYLSTON, E AF DONALDSON, D BOYLSTON, E TI CHEMICAL SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION OF COTTON FIBERS DURING THEIR GROWTH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 72 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300673 ER PT J AU HASEGAWA, S AF HASEGAWA, S TI BIOSYNTHESIS OF LIMONOIDS IN CITRUS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,PASADENA,CA 91106. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 72 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300072 ER PT J AU HARPER, RJ LAMBERT, AH AF HARPER, RJ LAMBERT, AH TI STONE FINISHING OF COTTON TEXTILES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 73 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300674 ER PT J AU SNOOK, ME CHORTYK, OT CSINOS, AS AF SNOOK, ME CHORTYK, OT CSINOS, AS TI ACTIVITY OF AROMATIC-ACIDS IN INHIBITING THE GROWTH OF THE BLACK SHANK FUNGUS IN A LABORATORY BIOASSAY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,TOBACCO QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. COASTAL PLANT EXPT STN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 74 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300074 ER PT J AU VIGO, TL LAMB, GER KEPKA, S MILLER, B AF VIGO, TL LAMB, GER KEPKA, S MILLER, B TI WOVEN AND NONWOVEN FABRICS CONTAINING CROSS-LINKED POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL FOR USE IN CLEAN ROOMS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. TEXT RES INST,PROSPECT,NJ 08542. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 75 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300676 ER PT J AU HYUN, SO MOREAU, JP VINYARD, BT BERTONIERE, NR TRASKMORRELL, BJ AF HYUN, SO MOREAU, JP VINYARD, BT BERTONIERE, NR TRASKMORRELL, BJ TI THERMOBONDED NONWOVEN FABRICS FROM COTTON/SYNTHETIC FIBER BLENDS .1. PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 76 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300677 ER PT J AU MORRISON, WH HARTLEY, RD HIMMELSBACH, DS AF MORRISON, WH HARTLEY, RD HIMMELSBACH, DS TI SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED TRUXILLIC ACIDS FROM PARA-COUMARIC AND FERULIC ACID - SIMULATION OF PHOTODIMERIZATION IN PLANT-CELL WALS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 76 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300076 ER PT J AU SHIN, DH VIGO, TL AF SHIN, DH VIGO, TL TI STRUCTURE PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS OF POLYURETHANE BINDERS ON ADHESIVELY-BONDED NONWOVENS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 77 EP CELL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300678 ER PT J AU STIPANOVIC, RD AF STIPANOVIC, RD TI NATURAL-PRODUCTS OF COTTON - BIOSYNTHESIS VIA A DIELS-ALDER REACTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 80 EP AGFD PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300080 ER PT J AU GNECCO, S CID, R CAAMANO, V PAVLATH, A AF GNECCO, S CID, R CAAMANO, V PAVLATH, A TI PYROLYSIS OF NATURAL-RUBBER, WAXES AND RESINS WITH ZEOLITIC CATALYSTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CONCEPCION, FAC CIENCIAS, RECURSOS RENOVABLES LAB, CONCEPCION, CHILE. USDA, WESTERN REG RES CTR, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 90 EP FUEL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89301640 ER PT J AU LEONARD, RA KNISEL, WG TRUMAN, CC DAVIS, FM AF LEONARD, RA KNISEL, WG TRUMAN, CC DAVIS, FM TI THE GLEAMS MODEL-A COMPUTER TOOL FOR EVALUATING AGROCHEMICAL FATE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SEWRL,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGR ENGN,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 93 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300172 ER PT J AU KUMOSINSKI, TF BROWN, EM FARRELL, HM AF KUMOSINSKI, TF BROWN, EM FARRELL, HM TI PREDICTED 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES OF NON-CRYSTALLIZABLE PROTEINS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 106 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300185 ER PT J AU CORNISH, K BACKHAUS, RA GOODMAN, N LIGHT, DR AF CORNISH, K BACKHAUS, RA GOODMAN, N LIGHT, DR TI DIVERSION OF ISOPRENOID COMPOUNDS TO NATURAL-RUBBER BIOSYNTHESIS IN PLANTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,TEMPE,AZ 85287. CODON CORP,S SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94080. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 109 EP BIOT PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300522 ER PT J AU FRANCE, JE KING, JW AF FRANCE, JE KING, JW TI COLUMN CLEANUP OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE-RESIDUES IN ANIMAL FATS USING SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 131 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300329 ER PT J AU FEISTNER, GJ UCHYTIL, TF KNOCHE, KK DURBIN, RD AF FEISTNER, GJ UCHYTIL, TF KNOCHE, KK DURBIN, RD TI A TABTOXININE-RELATED METABOLITE FROM PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE PV TABACI SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TOXIN; PLANT C1 USDA ARS,PLANT DIS RESISTANCE UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. RP FEISTNER, GJ (reprint author), CITY HOPE NATL MED CTR,BECKMAN RES INT,DIV IMMUNOL,1450 E DUARTE RD,DUARTE,CA 91010, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD APR 12 PY 1991 VL 56 IS 8 BP 2922 EP 2925 DI 10.1021/jo00008a063 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA FH238 UT WOS:A1991FH23800063 ER PT J AU BEYERS, EC EMKEN, EA AF BEYERS, EC EMKEN, EA TI METABOLITES OF CIS,TRANS, AND TRANS,CIS ISOMERS OF LINOLEIC-ACID IN MICE AND INCORPORATION INTO TISSUE-LIPIDS SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE ISOMER; TRANS DOUBLE BOND; CONVERSION; HYDROGENATION; LINOLEIC ACID; METABOLISM; (MICE) ID ESSENTIAL FATTY-ACID; DOUBLE-BONDS; MARGARINES; RATS; LIVER; CIS AB Metabolism of octadecadienoic acid isomers in weanling mice was studied by feeding fat-free diets supplemented with 2% by weight of cis-9,trans-12-octadecadienoic acid (c,t-18:2-d0), tetradeuterated trans-9,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid (t,c-18:2-d4) or dideuterated cis-9,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid (c,c-18:2-d2). Rates for conversion of c,t-18:2-d0 and c,c-18:2-d2 to c,t-20:4-d0 and c,c-20:4-d2 were identical and both were 5-times higher than conversion of t,c-18:2-d4 to t,c-20:4-d4. Accumulation of t,c-18:2-d4 in liver lipids was 2-4-times higher than for c,t-18:2-d0 or c,c-18:2-d2. The t,c-18:2 diet significantly increased with the 20:3(n - 9) and total lipid concentrations in liver but not in heart, plasma or brain. The 20:3(n - 9)/20:4(n - 6) ratio in the liver lipids was 2-4-times higher for t,c-18:2-d4 than c,c-18:2-d2 fed mice. The position of the trans bond had a marked influence on the distribution of the various intermediate desaturation and elongation products. Intermediate metabolite data for the liver lipids indicated t,c-18:2-d4 was preferentially converted to 5c,11c,14t-20:3 ('dead end' product) rather than to t,c-20:4. Concentration of the 18:3(n - 6) metabolite of c,t-18:2-d0 was about 10-times greater than the 18:3(n - 6) metabolite of c,c-18:2-d2. Conversely, the concentration of the normal 20:3(n - 6) metabolite from c,c-18:2-d2 was 4-times higher than the 20:3(n - 6) metabolite of c,t-18:2-d0. Compared to the c,c-18:2 diet, the t,c- and c,t-18:2 diets significantly increased the total n - 3, but not the total n - 6 fatty acid content of heart lipids. These results illustrate that the position of the trans double-bond influences a variety of enzyme activities and the isomers differ in their physiological effects. C1 USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 32 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3002 J9 BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA PD APR 3 PY 1991 VL 1082 IS 3 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.1016/0005-2760(91)90203-T PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA FH011 UT WOS:A1991FH01100007 PM 2029547 ER PT J AU MASSMAN, WJ KAUFMANN, MR AF MASSMAN, WJ KAUFMANN, MR TI STOMATAL RESPONSE TO CERTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS - A COMPARISON OF MODELS FOR SUB-ALPINE TREES IN THE ROCKY-MOUNTAINS SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEAF CONDUCTANCE; FIELD AB Using the data of Kaufmann, we compared five mathematical models of stomatal response to photosynthetic photon flux density, leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference, relative humidity and temperature. Employing non-linear least squares techniques, each model was fitted to stomatal conductance data taken with a gas-exchange system for each of four Rocky Mountain subalpine trees (aspen, lodge-pole pine, Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir). The resulting conductance models were then assessed on how well they reproduce measured rates of transpiration. The stomatal conductance models have the same general structure g1 = g(n) + g(x)fQ(p)fDfT where f represents a modifier that describes the stomatal response to a particular driving variable such that generally (but not always) 0 < f < 1. The Michaelis-Menten equation is used for the fQ(p) modifier, while the fT and fD modifiers vary with each of the five different models considered. The first of these five models is adapted from Jarvis. The second is from Lohammer et al. The third is Farquhar's feedforward model. The fourth is derived from Farquhar (personal communication, 1989) and the fifth is the model of Ball et al. The results show that: (1) regardless of the specific form of fD or fT, the photosynthetic photon flux density is of primary importance, the leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference and/or relative humidity is of moderate importance, and the temperature is of minimal importance; (2) all models fit each of the four data sets well, but some models perform better than others; (3) all five models appear to be slightly biased toward underpredicting transpiration rates; (4) stomatal conductance of shade-tolerant species may be more strongly coupled to the leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference and less strongly coupled to the radiation environment than that of shade-intolerant species. RP MASSMAN, WJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 10 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 54 IS 2-4 BP 155 EP 167 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(91)90004-A PG 13 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FP090 UT WOS:A1991FP09000004 ER PT J AU HUNT, ER RUNNING, SW FEDERER, CA AF HUNT, ER RUNNING, SW FEDERER, CA TI EXTRAPOLATING PLANT WATER-FLOW RESISTANCES AND CAPACITANCES TO REGIONAL SCALES SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Review ID BIOSPHERE MODEL SIB; LEAF-AREA INDEX; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; DOUGLAS-FIR; SOIL-WATER; FOREST EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; DIMENSIONAL FLUCTUATIONS; DESERT SUCCULENTS; XYLEM STRUCTURE; ROOT SYSTEMS AB The principal objective for models of water flow through the soil-plant-atmosphere system is the accurate prediction of leaf water potential (psi-leaf) and water uptake by roots, for a given soil water potential (psi-soil) and transpiration rate. Steady-state models of water flow through plants, which include only resistances, are sufficient to predict total daily water uptake by roots. Non-steady-state models, which use both water flow resistances and capacitances, are necessary for the prediction of psi-leaf and instantaneous rate of water uptake for diurnal variations of transpiration rate. Potential difference resistances and capacitances are defined for water flow (volume/time) and are best used for individual plant models; resistivities and capacitivities are based on volume flux density ((volume/land surface area)/time) and should be used for plant stands. Prediction of psi-leaf may not be necessary for general circulation models and global climate models (GCM) because stomatal conductance (necessary for the prediction of transpiration rate) is probably controlled by the vapor pressure difference at the leaf surface and psi-soil and not by psi-leaf. If liquid water flow models through plants are necessary for GCM in order to account for diurnal variations of land-surface energy partitioning, then perhaps an ecosystem time constant for water flow through vegetation of each biome type should be used. C1 NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN, DURHAM, NH 03824 USA. RP HUNT, ER (reprint author), UNIV MONTANA, SCH FORESTRY, MISSOULA, MT 59812 USA. NR 118 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 54 IS 2-4 BP 169 EP 195 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(91)90005-B PG 27 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FP090 UT WOS:A1991FP09000005 ER PT J AU BALDOCCHI, DD LUXMOORE, RJ HATFIELD, JL AF BALDOCCHI, DD LUXMOORE, RJ HATFIELD, JL TI DISCERNING THE FOREST FROM THE TREES - AN ESSAY ON SCALING CANOPY STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Review ID EDDY-CORRELATION MEASUREMENTS; ENERGY-BALANCE EQUATION; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; SENSIBLE HEAT; WATER-VAPOR; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WHEAT CANOPY; LATENT-HEAT; SOIL-WATER AB Stomata are major conduits for the diffusion of many trace gases between leaves and the atmosphere. The role of the stomata in controlling gas exchange between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere at the landscape, meso- and global scales has only recently been appreciated. Further advances in modeling trace gas exchange will depend on our ability to provide realistic information on stomatal mechanics at the sub-grid scale of landscape and meso scale models; in other words, information is needed at the canopy scale. This paper describes two approaches for estimating canopy stomatal conductance. These are the 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' scaling methods. The bottom-up method entails computing canopy stomatal conductance by integrating the response of individual leaves to controling biotic and abiotic factors, which are determined by the micrometeorology of the canopy. The top-down approach entails inverting a descriptive stand-level, trace gas exchange model to estimate canopy stomatal conductance. The model is driven with abiotic variables measured at a reference point above the canopy. The strengths and weaknesses of these two approaches are discussed, and recommendations for future research are presented. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP BALDOCCHI, DD (reprint author), NOAA,ARL,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,POB 2456,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009 OI Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919 NR 126 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 54 IS 2-4 BP 197 EP 226 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(91)90006-C PG 30 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA FP090 UT WOS:A1991FP09000006 ER PT J AU CORLISS, J AF CORLISS, J TI GROWING HIGH-QUALITY SPUDS IS NO SMALL POTATOES SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP CORLISS, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 4 EP 9 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FH973 UT WOS:A1991FH97300002 ER PT J AU HARDIN, B AF HARDIN, B TI PRESERVING POTATO PLANT DIVERSITY SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP HARDIN, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FH973 UT WOS:A1991FH97300003 ER PT J AU WOOD, M AF WOOD, M TI POTATOES FOR TOMORROW SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP WOOD, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 8 EP 9 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FH973 UT WOS:A1991FH97300004 ER PT J AU COOKE, L AF COOKE, L TI COMPUTER-MODEL HELPS ENSURE CLEAN WATER SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP COOKE, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 10 EP 12 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FH973 UT WOS:A1991FH97300005 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JK AF KAPLAN, JK TI SCENT OF JASMINE LEADS TO NEW BUSINESS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP KAPLAN, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FH973 UT WOS:A1991FH97300006 ER PT J AU HARDIN, B COMIS, D AF HARDIN, B COMIS, D TI DO EARTHWORMS AFFECT GROUNDWATER SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP HARDIN, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FH973 UT WOS:A1991FH97300007 ER PT J AU CORLISS, J AF CORLISS, J TI IRRIGATION VERSUS THE EARTHWORM SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP CORLISS, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FH973 UT WOS:A1991FH97300008 ER PT J AU COOKE, L AF COOKE, L TI QUEST FOR A VACCINE TO COUNTER CLA SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP COOKE, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 16 EP 17 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FH973 UT WOS:A1991FH97300009 ER PT J AU COOKE, L AF COOKE, L TI LEAN BODIES MAKE TEXELS DESIRED LAMB SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP COOKE, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FH973 UT WOS:A1991FH97300010 ER PT J AU SENFT, D AF SENFT, D TI PREDICTING ACCIDENTAL BEE KILLS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP SENFT, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FH973 UT WOS:A1991FH97300011 ER PT J AU WOOD, M AF WOOD, M TI CARROT STICKS CAN KEEP THEIR COLOR SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP WOOD, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FH973 UT WOS:A1991FH97300012 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JK AF KAPLAN, JK TI WASH-OFF DATA SURPRISES PESTICIDE PLANNERS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP KAPLAN, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FH973 UT WOS:A1991FH97300014 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JK AF KAPLAN, JK TI SOUTHERN BLUEBERRIES NEED HONEY-BEES SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP KAPLAN, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FH973 UT WOS:A1991FH97300013 ER PT J AU NIGHTINGALE, HI HOFFMAN, GJ ROLSTON, DE BIGGAR, JW AF NIGHTINGALE, HI HOFFMAN, GJ ROLSTON, DE BIGGAR, JW TI TRICKLE IRRIGATION RATES AND SOIL-SALINITY DISTRIBUTION IN AN ALMOND (PRUNUS-AMYGDALUS) ORCHARD SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WATER; FIELD AB Managing the soluble salts in the root zone of a trickle irrigated almond (Prunus amygdalus) orchard is desirable for tree growth and nut production. This study was conducted to determine the relationships among the volume (50, 100, and 150% of the crop evapotranspiration (ET(c)) of trickle-applied water and the amount and distribution of soil salinity, Cl-, B, and soluble Na+ in a clay loam soil. Irrigation water with an electrical conductivity of 1.5 dS m-1 was applied for four years. The greatest accumulation of soil salinity (electrical conductivity of the saturation soil extract, EC(e)) of 5.7 dS m-1 was beneath the trickle line for the 50% of ET(c) treatment (14.0 m3 of applied water tree-1 yr-1). Soil salinity decreased with distance from the trickle line. Increasing the water volume to 100 and 150% of ET(c) (26.9 and 40.3 m3 tree-1 yr-1, respectively) moves the zone of salt accumulation farther from the trickle line. The apparent leaching fraction based upon the Cl- ratio for the 50% of ET(c) treatment was about 0.05 indicating loss of water by deep percolation within about 1 m of the trickle line. For trees irrigated at 100% of ET(c), the leaching fraction was 0.22 up to a distance of 1 m from the line, then decreased to 0.06 at a distance of 1.6 m. The leaching fraction for the 150% of ET(c) treatment was from 0.36 within 1 m of the trickle line and then decreased to about 0.34 at 1.6 m from the line. Reasons for the leaching fraction being higher than expected are discussed. Further research is required to optimize the managment of trickle irrigation to meet the ET(c) and leaching requirements in young almond orchards irrigated with slightly saline water. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT LAND AIR & WATER RESOURCES,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT BIOL SYST ENGN,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP NIGHTINGALE, HI (reprint author), USDA,ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD APR PY 1991 VL 19 IS 3 BP 271 EP 283 DI 10.1016/0378-3774(91)90046-L PG 13 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA FJ681 UT WOS:A1991FJ68100006 ER PT J AU MUST, A DALLAL, GE DIETZ, WH AF MUST, A DALLAL, GE DIETZ, WH TI REFERENCE DATA FOR OBESITY - 85TH AND 95TH PERCENTILES OF BODY-MASS INDEX (WT/HT2) AND TRICEPS SKINFOLD THICKNESS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE OBESITY; REFERENCE STANDARDS; BODY MASS INDEX; TRICEPS SKINFOLD THICKNESS ID INCREASING PEDIATRIC OBESITY; UNITED-STATES; BLACK-WOMEN; WEIGHT; OVERWEIGHT; NUTRITION AB Body mass index (BMI) and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) are commonly used measures of adiposity in clinical and epidemiologic studies. The 85th and 95th percentiles of BMI and TSF are often used operationally to define obesity and superobesity, respectively. Race-specific and population-based 85th and 95th percentiles of BMI and TSF for people aged 6-74 y were generated from anthropometric data gathered in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (NHANES I). The complex sample design of the survey is reflected in the reference values presented. Racial differences in these extremes of the distribution do not emerge until adulthood. Researchers may choose population-based, race-specific, or age-specific criteria for obesity on the basis of assumptions underlying their specific research questions. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,DIV BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP MUST, A (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 38 TC 851 Z9 939 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1991 VL 53 IS 4 BP 839 EP 846 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FE153 UT WOS:A1991FE15300006 PM 2008861 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, SN MEYDANI, M MILLER, RA CANNON, JG ROCKLIN, R BLUMBERG, JB AF MEYDANI, SN MEYDANI, M MILLER, RA CANNON, JG ROCKLIN, R BLUMBERG, JB TI VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION OF ELDERLY PEOPLE - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID DIETARY RESTRICTION; MICE; IMMUNITY; CANCER RP MEYDANI, SN (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1991 VL 53 IS 4 BP 976 EP 977 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FE153 UT WOS:A1991FE15300027 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, SN AF MEYDANI, SN TI NUTRITIONAL IMMUNOLOGY IN ELDERLY PEOPLE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter RP MEYDANI, SN (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTR IMMUNOL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1991 VL 53 IS 4 BP 984 EP 984 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FE153 UT WOS:A1991FE15300037 ER PT J AU QURESHI, AA QURESHI, N WRIGHT, JJK SHEN, Z KRAMER, G GAPOR, A CHONG, YH DEWITT, G ONG, ASH PETERSON, DM BRADLOW, BA AF QURESHI, AA QURESHI, N WRIGHT, JJK SHEN, Z KRAMER, G GAPOR, A CHONG, YH DEWITT, G ONG, ASH PETERSON, DM BRADLOW, BA TI LOWERING OF SERUM-CHOLESTEROL IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC HUMANS BY TOCOTRIENOLS (PALMVITEE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON PALM OIL DEVELOPMENT CY SEP 05-08, 1989 CL KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA SP PALM OIL RES INST MALAYSIA DE PALM OIL; TOCOTRIENOLS; GAMMA-TOCOTRIENOL; VITAMIN-E; SERUM LIPIDS PROFILE; PLATELET AGGREGATION; THROMBOXANE-B2; PLATELET FACTOR-IV ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ENZYMATIC DETERMINATION; BARLEY AB A double-blind, crossover, 8-wk study was conducted to compare effects of the tocotrienol-enriched fraction of palm oil (200 mg palmvitee capsules/day) with those of 300 mg corn oil/d on serum lipids of hypercholesterolemic human subjects (serum cholesterol 6.21-8.02 mmol/L). Concentrations of serum total cholesterol (-15%), LDL cholesterol (-8%), Apo B (-10%), thromboxane (-25%), platelet factor 4 (-16%), and glucose (-12%) decreased significantly only in the 15 subjects given palmvitee during the initial 4 wk. The crossover confirmed these actions of palmvitee. There was a carry over effect of palmvitee. Serum cholesterol concentrations of seven hypercholesterolemic subjects (> 7.84 mmol/L) decreased 31% during a 4-wk period in which they were given 200 mg gamma-to-cotrienol/d. This indicates that gamma-tocotrienol may be the most potent cholesterol inhibitor in palmvitee capsules. The results of this pilot study are very encouraging. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. BRISTOL MYERS PHARMACEUT CO,WALLINGFORD,CT. MICHAEL REESE HOSP & MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,CHICAGO,IL 60616. PORIM,KUALA LUMPUR,MALAYSIA. USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI. RP QURESHI, AA (reprint author), VET ADM MED CTR,ADV MED RES,8251 RAYMOND RD,MADISON,WI 53719, USA. RI Ong, Soon Hock Augustine/K-2543-2012 NR 18 TC 191 Z9 192 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1991 VL 53 IS 4 SU S BP S1021 EP S1026 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FE835 UT WOS:A1991FE83500005 PM 2012010 ER PT J AU QURESHI, AA QURESHI, N HASLERRAPACZ, JO WEBER, FE CHAUDHARY, V CRENSHAW, TD GAPOR, A ONG, ASH CHONG, YH PETERSON, D RAPACZ, J AF QURESHI, AA QURESHI, N HASLERRAPACZ, JO WEBER, FE CHAUDHARY, V CRENSHAW, TD GAPOR, A ONG, ASH CHONG, YH PETERSON, D RAPACZ, J TI DIETARY TOCOTRIENOLS REDUCE CONCENTRATIONS OF PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL, APOLIPOPROTEIN-B, THROMBOXANE-B2, AND PLATELET FACTOR-IV IN PIGS WITH INHERITED HYPERLIPIDEMIAS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON PALM OIL DEVELOPMENT CY SEP 05-08, 1989 CL KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA SP PALM OIL RES INST MALAYSIA DE PALM OIL; TOCOTRIENOL-RICH FRACTION; GENETIC HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; SWINE; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL; THROMBOXANE-B2; PLATELET FACTOR-IV ID LIPOPROTEINS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; SYSTEM AB Normolipemic and genetically hypercholesterolemic pigs of defined lipoprotein genotype were fed a standard diet supplemented with 50-mu-g/g tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) isolated from palm oil. Hypercholesterolemic pigs fed the TRF supplement showed a 44% decrease in total serum cholesterol, a 60% decrease in low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and significant decreases in levels of apolipoprotein B (26%), thromboxane-B2 (41%), and platelet factor 4 (PF4; 29%). The declines in thromboxane B2 and PF4 suggest that TRF has a marked protective effect on the endothelium and platelet aggregation. The effect of the lipid-lowering diet persisted only in the hypercholesterolemic swine after 8 wk feeding of the control diet. These results support observations from previous studies on lowering plasma cholesterol in animals by tocotrienols, which are naturally occurring compounds in grain and palm oils and may have some effect on lowering plasma cholesterol in humans. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT GENET,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT MEAT & ANIM SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. MILLER BREWING CO,MILWAUKEE,WI. PALM OIL RES INST MALAYSIA,KUALA LUMPUR,MALAYSIA. USDA ARS,CEREAL CORPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI. RP QURESHI, AA (reprint author), VET ADM MED CTR,ADV MED RES,8251 RAYMOND RD,MADISON,WI 53719, USA. RI Ong, Soon Hock Augustine/K-2543-2012 NR 21 TC 108 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1991 VL 53 IS 4 SU S BP S1042 EP S1046 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FE835 UT WOS:A1991FE83500010 ER PT J AU CLINTON, SK FLEET, JC LOPPNOW, H SALOMON, RN CLARK, BD CANNON, JG SHAW, AR DINARELLO, CA LIBBY, P AF CLINTON, SK FLEET, JC LOPPNOW, H SALOMON, RN CLARK, BD CANNON, JG SHAW, AR DINARELLO, CA LIBBY, P TI INTERLEUKIN-1 GENE-EXPRESSION IN RABBIT VASCULAR TISSUE INVIVO SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; HUMAN-ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; HUMAN MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; DERMAL FIBROBLASTS; IL-1; RECEPTOR; NEUTROPHILS; CONTRACTION; ENDOTOXIN AB Cultured human vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells express interleukin-1 (IL-1) genes when exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and a variety of inflammatory mediators. Local production of IL-1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of various vascular diseases. Therefore the ability of intact vascular tissue to accumulate IL-1 mRNA and synthesize de novo biologically active IL-1 protein was examined. Escherichia coli LPS (10-mu-g/kg) was administered intravenously to adult rabbits and total RNA was isolated from aortic tissue at various times after LPS injection. In saline-injected rabbits, RNA extracted from the thoracic aorta contained little or no IL-1 message detected by Northern analysis using IL-1 alpha and beta cDNA probes cloned from an LPS-stimulated rabbit splenic macrophage library. Lipopolysaccharide treatment promptly induced transient accumulation of mRNA for IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta within the aorta (maximal 1-hour after injection). Short-term organoid cultures of rabbit aorta exposed to LPS in vitro synthesized immunoprecipitable IL-1 alpha protein. Extracts of aortic tissue excised 1.5 to 3.0 hours after intravenous LPS administration contained immunoreactive and biologically active IL-1 alpha Anti-rabbit IL-1 alpha antibody neutralized the biologic activity (more than 90%). Microscopic and immunohistochemical studies did not disclose adherent or infiltrating macrophages in rabbit aorta at the time of maximal IL-1 mRNA accumulation after LPS administration (1.5 hours), indicating that intrinsic vascular wall cells rather than mononuclear phagocytes probably account for the IL-1 activity induced by LPS. In addition, aortic tissue from rabbits fed an atherogenic diet showed an enhanced ability to accumulate IL-1 alpha and beta mRNA and produce immunodetectible protein in response to LPS administration. These studies demonstrate inducible IL-1 gene expression in rabbit vascular tissue in vivo and support a local role for this cytokine in vascular pathophysiology. C1 GLAXO IMB,GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,VASC MED UNIT,BOSTON,MA 02115. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,DEPT CELLULAR & MOLEC BIOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP CLINTON, SK (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DANA FARBER CANC INST,44 BINNEY ST,BOSTON,MA 02117, USA. NR 42 TC 86 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-3993 SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 138 IS 4 BP 1005 EP 1014 PG 10 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA FF067 UT WOS:A1991FF06700024 PM 2012168 ER PT J AU JAIN, NC PAAPE, MJ MILLER, RH AF JAIN, NC PAAPE, MJ MILLER, RH TI USE OF FLOW-CYTOMETRY FOR DETERMINATION OF DIFFERENTIAL LEUKOCYTE COUNTS IN BOVINE BLOOD SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD AB A flow cytometric method was developed to perform differential leukocyte counts on bovine blood. Blood specimens from 50 healthy Holstein cows were analyzed by use of a flow cytometer. The method entailed diluting blood with phosphate-buffered, hypotonic saline solution containing acridine orange, and performing a step-wise, 3-parameter analysis on the bases of cell size, cellular granularity, and granulocyte fluorescence. Initially, proportions of monocytes, granulocytes, and lymphocytes were determined by creating appropriate windows on dot plots of cell size (determined by forward light scatter) vs cellular granularity (determined by the logarithm of side light scatter). Eosinophils were resolved by analysis of granulocytes as dot plots of logarithms of green vs red fluorescence ascribed to acridine orange. Proportions of eosinophils and neutrophils were computed from data so generated. Microclumps of platelets spuriously affected counts of some granulocytes, particularly eosinophils. Differential leukocyte counts determined by flow cytometry generally compared favorably with those obtained by use of the conventional microscopic method, using Wright-stained blood films. Mean neutrophil and eosinophil counts determined by the 2 methods did not differ significantly, but lymphocyte counts determined by flow cytometry were significantly higher than those determined by microscopy (P < 0.01). Correlation coefficients for counts of neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes determined by the 2 methods ranged from 0.519 to 0.833. Correlation between monocyte counts was low (r = 0.147), although mean monocyte counts determined by the 2 methods did not differ significantly. Total leukocyte counts determined by flow cytometry were significantly lower (P < 0.01) than counts determined by use of an automated cell counter; correlation between the 2 counts was low (r = 0.350). C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP JAIN, NC (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT CLIN PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 52 IS 4 BP 630 EP 636 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FE116 UT WOS:A1991FE11600022 PM 2053736 ER PT J AU HATFIELD, RD HELM, RF RALPH, J AF HATFIELD, RD HELM, RF RALPH, J TI SYNTHESIS OF METHYL 5-O-TRANS-FERULOYL-ALPHA-L-ARABINOFURANOSIDE AND ITS USE AS A SUBSTRATE TO ASSESS FERULOYL ESTERASE-ACTIVITY SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDES; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; BARLEY STRAW; LIGNIN; NMR; IDENTIFICATION; CONSTITUENTS; DEGRADATION; SEPARATIONS; COMPONENT C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT AGRON, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT FORESTRY, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RP USDA ARS, US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR, 1925 LINDEN DR W, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 37 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 EI 1096-0309 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD APR PY 1991 VL 194 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1016/0003-2697(91)90146-K PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA FE430 UT WOS:A1991FE43000004 PM 1867381 ER PT J AU BUNCE, JA CAULFIELD, F AF BUNCE, JA CAULFIELD, F TI REDUCED RESPIRATORY CARBON-DIOXIDE EFFLUX DURING GROWTH AT ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE IN 3 HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL SPECIES SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA L CV POTOMAC; LOLIUM-PERENNE L CV LINN; MEDICAGO-SATIVA L CV ARC; RESPIRATION; GROWTH; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE RP BUNCE, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INST NAT RESOURCES, CLIMATE STRESS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD APR PY 1991 VL 67 IS 4 BP 325 EP 330 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FL458 UT WOS:A1991FL45800007 ER PT J AU WESLEY, IV ASHTON, F AF WESLEY, IV ASHTON, F TI RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES STRAINS ASSOCIATED WITH FOOD-BORNE EPIDEMICS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAW-MILK; INFECTION; OUTBREAK AB Listeria monocytogenes (serotype 4b) has caused four major food-borne epidemics in North America. In this study, L. monocytogenes isolates from the Nova Scotia (Canada), Boston (Mass.), and Los Angeles (Calif.) outbreaks were examined by restriction enzyme analysis with the endonuclease HhaI. Human isolates (n = 32) from the 1981 Canadian outbreak were compared with a strain recovered from coleslaw, which was epidemiologically incriminated as the vehicle of infection. After HhaI digestion, 29 of 32 isolates exhibited the restriction enzyme pattern of the reference coleslaw isolate. The restriction enzyme patterns of the nine clinical isolates from the 1983 Massachusetts outbreak were identical to each other but differed from those of raw milk isolates recovered from sources supplying the pasteurizer. Isolates (n = 48) from the 1985 California outbreak were evaluated. The restriction enzyme patterns of the L. monocytogenes isolates from humans and from the suspect cheese samples were identical to those of four of five cheese factory environmental isolates. Isolates from each of these outbreaks exhibited a restriction enzyme pattern that was characteristic of that outbreak. The ease with which restriction enzyme analysis can be applied to all serotypes of L. monocytogenes argues for its use in the epidemiology of L. monocytogenes. C1 NATL LAB BACTERIOL,BUR MICROBIOL,CTR DIS CONTROL LAB,OTTAWA,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP WESLEY, IV (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 30 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 57 IS 4 BP 969 EP 975 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FF039 UT WOS:A1991FF03900013 PM 1905523 ER PT J AU ARONSON, AI HAN, ES MCGAUGHEY, W JOHNSON, D AF ARONSON, AI HAN, ES MCGAUGHEY, W JOHNSON, D TI THE SOLUBILITY OF INCLUSION PROTEINS FROM BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS IS DEPENDENT UPON PROTOXIN COMPOSITION AND IS A FACTOR IN TOXICITY TO INSECTS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DELTA-ENDOTOXIN GENE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CRYSTAL PROTEINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SPECIFICITY; CLONING; LEPIDOPTERA; EXPRESSION; PLASMIDS; KURSTAKI AB Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai HD133 is one of several strains particularly effective against Plodia interpunctella selected for resistance to B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD1 (Dipel). B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai HD133 produces inclusions containing three protoxins, CryIA(b), CryIC, and CryID, and the CryIC protoxin has been shown to be active on resistant P. interpunctella as well as on Spodoptera larvae. The CryIA(b) protoxin is very similar to the major one in B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD1, and as expected, this protoxin was inactive on resistant P. interpunctella. A derivative of B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai HD133 which had been cured of a 68-kb plasmid containing the cryIA(b) gene produced inclusions comprising only the CryIC and CryID protoxins. Surprisingly, these inclusions were much less toxic for resistant P. interpunctella and two other Lepidoptera than those produced by the parental strain, whereas the soluble protoxins from these strains were equally effective. In contrast, inclusions from the two strains were about as active as soluble protoxins for Spodoptera frugiperda larvae, so toxicity differences between inclusions may be due to the solubilizing conditions within particular larval guts. Consistent with this hypothesis, it was found that a higher pH was required to solubilize protoxins from inclusions from the plasmid-cured strain than from B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai HD133, a difference which is probably attributable to the absence of the CryIA(b) protoxin in the former. The interactions of structurally related protoxins within an inclusion are probably important for solubility and are thus another factor in the effectiveness of B. thuringiensis isolates for particular insect larvae. C1 USDA ARS,GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RP ARONSON, AI (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM2606] NR 36 TC 67 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 57 IS 4 BP 981 EP 986 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FF039 UT WOS:A1991FF03900015 PM 2059054 ER PT J AU GRABSKI, AC JEFFRIES, TW AF GRABSKI, AC JEFFRIES, TW TI PRODUCTION, PURIFICATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BETA-(1-4)-ENDOXYLANASE OF STREPTOMYCES-ROSEISCLEROTICUS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL PULP FIBERS; XYLANASE; LIVIDANS; CELLULASE; CHAINIA; ENZYME; GENE AB Twelve species of Streptomyces that formerly belonged to the genus Chainia were screened for the production of xylanase and cellulase. One species, Streptomyces roseiscleroticus (Chainia rosea) NRRL B-11019, produced up to 16.2 IU of xylanase per ml in 48 h. A xylanase from S. roseiscleroticus was purified and characterized. The enzyme was a debranching beta-(1-4)-endoxylanase showing high activity on xylan but essentially no activity against acid-swollen (Walseth) cellulose. It had a very low apparent molecular weight of 5,500 by native gel filtration, but its denatured molecular weight was 22,600 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It had an isoelectric point of 9.5. The pH and temperature optima for hydrolysis of arabinoxylan were 6.5 to 7.0 and 60-degrees-C, respectively, and more than 75% of the optimum enzyme activity was retained at pH 8.0. The xylanase had a K(m) of 7.9 mg/ml and an apparent V(max) of 305-mu-mol.min-1.mg of protein-1. The hydrolysis rate was linear for xylan concentrations of less than 4 mg/ml, but significant inhibition was observed at xylan concentrations of more than 10 mg/ml. The predominant products of arabinoxylan hydrolysis included arabinose, xylobiose, and xylotriose. C1 US FOREST SERV, INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL, FOREST PROD LAB, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 33 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 57 IS 4 BP 987 EP 992 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FF039 UT WOS:A1991FF03900016 PM 16348475 ER PT J AU IMAM, SH HARRYOKURU, RE AF IMAM, SH HARRYOKURU, RE TI ADHESION OF LACTOBACILLUS-AMYLOVORUS TO INSOLUBLE AND DERIVATIZED CORNSTARCH GRANULES SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STARCH AB Approximately 70% of the cells in a suspension of the amylolytic bacterium Lactobacillus amylovorus bind to cornstarch granules within 30 min at 25-degrees-C. More than 60% of the bound bacteria were removed by formaldehyde (2%) or glycine (1 M) at pH 2.0. More than 90% of the bound bacteria were removed by MgCl2 (2 M; pH 7.0). Binding of L. amylovorus to cornstarch was inhibited in heat-killed cells and in cells that had been pretreated with glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, sodium azide, trypsin, or 1% soluble potato starch. Bacterial binding to cornstarch appeared to correlate with both the concentration of cornstarch in the suspension and the amylose content in the granules. The ability of L. amylovorus to adhere to cornstarch granules was reduced for granules that had been extracted with HCl-ethanol, HCl-methanol, HCl-propanol, or HCl-butanol. Chemical derivatization of cornstarch resulted in a wide variety of adhesion responses by these bacteria. For example, 2-O-butyl starch (degree of substitution, 0.09) enhanced adhesion, whereas two palmitate starches (degree of substitution, 0.48 and 0.09) exhibited reduced adhesion activities. 2-O-(2-hydroxybutyl) starch and starch-poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) ester showed adhesion activities similar to those of the nonderivatized starch controls. C1 AE STALEY MFG CO, DECATUR, IL 62525 USA. RP IMAM, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT, N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1128 EP 1133 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FF039 UT WOS:A1991FF03900038 PM 16348460 ER PT J AU TOROK, T KING, AD AF TOROK, T KING, AD TI COMPARATIVE-STUDY ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF FOOD-BORNE YEASTS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER; BACTERIA AB Morphologically distinct yeast colonies from partially and fully processed fruits and vegetables were isolated over a 3-year period. Identification of 239 strains was achieved by using standard methods, commercial identification kits (API 20C and API YEAST-IDENT), and a simplified system for food-borne yeasts. The identified strains of fruit origin represented 36 species belonging to 19 genera. Among strains of vegetable origin, 34 species representing 17 genera were identified. The simplified identification system and the conventional method provided the same results in 80% of the cases. The commercial identification kits were easy to use but were not appropriate for food-borne yeast species. Computer-assisted identification was helpful. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1207 EP 1212 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FF039 UT WOS:A1991FF03900051 PM 2059042 ER PT J AU TAMPLIN, ML MARTIN, AL RUPLE, AD COOK, DW KASPAR, CW AF TAMPLIN, ML MARTIN, AL RUPLE, AD COOK, DW KASPAR, CW TI ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS IN SEAWATER, SEDIMENT, AND OYSTERS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SHELLFISH; CHOLERAE; BACTERIA; ECOLOGY; WATERS AB Historically, methods used to identify Vibrio vulnificus in environmental samples have been inadequate because isolation and identification procedures are time-consuming and fail to separate V. vulnificus from other bacterial species. We describe an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and culture techniques which identified V. vulnificus in seawater, sediment, and oysters. The EIA used monoclonal antibody FRBT37 to a species-specific epitope of V. vulnificus. No cross-reactions were observed among 72 non-V. vulnificus strains comprising 34 species and 15 genera. In field trials, the EIA identified correctly 99.7% of 348 biochemically confirmed V. vulnifficus isolates. The epitope corresponding to FRBT37 was found in cells lysed by Triton X-100, deionized H2O, and ultrasonication but was not found in culture supernatants, indicating that its location was intracellular. In addition, electron micrographs of V. vulnificus labeled with FRBT37-biotin-avidin-gold showed that epitope FRBT37 reacted with fragments of lysed cells but not whole cells. FRBT37 was expressed when V. vulnificus was cultured in different growth media. The minimum level of detection of the EIA was approximately 2,000 V. vulnificus cells per EIA well. Epitope FRBT37 was labile at 70-degrees-C for 30 min. Immunoblot and EIA plate formats reduced assay time and facilitated handling large numbers of test samples. C1 USDA,FISHERY RES BRANCH,DAUPHIN ISL,AL 36528. GULF COAST RES LAB,OCEAN SPRINGS,MS 39564. NR 27 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1235 EP 1240 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FF039 UT WOS:A1991FF03900056 PM 2059045 ER PT J AU GANSKOPP, D RALEIGH, R SCHOTT, M BRACKEN, TD AF GANSKOPP, D RALEIGH, R SCHOTT, M BRACKEN, TD TI BEHAVIOR OF CATTLE IN PENS EXPOSED TO +/-500-KV DC TRANSMISSION-LINES SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The general hypothesis tested was that groups of cattle (Bos taurus) kept in pens under a +/- 500 kV DC transmission line and in control pens 550 m away would exhibit similar patterns of activity and distribution. Identical facilities, consisting of four pens under the line and four pens in the control area, were stocked with 2 groups of 50 cow/calf pairs in the exposed area, and 2 groups of 50 cow/calf pairs in the control area (a total of 200 pairs). The extra pens in each area allowed rotation of cattle to a clean environment when manure accumulations became excessive. Exposed and control groups were paired with paired groups maintained and rotated through corresponding pens throughout the study. Exposed cattle could move as far as 55 m from the line. Paired designs with simultaneous monitoring of exposed and control groups were used to compare livestock distributions when animals were feeding, resting in mid-afternoon, bedded for the night, and over 24-h periods. Cattle activities were monitored for one 24-h period each month. A significant (P < 0.01) but weak (R2 = 0.11) correlation indicated 6.9% fewer exposed than control cattle were observed in the central areas of pens when afternoon, night and 24-h data were combined. When time periods were analyzed separately, a similar trend for afternoon data was found for 1 of the 2 paired groups (11% fewer cattle, R2 = 0.55). This trend was not detected in the night or 24-h data. Feeding positions and activity patterns were similar between treatments. Variation in feeding and afternoon distribution patterns of exposed cattle did not appear to be correlated with fluctuations in electric fields and detectable noise generated by the line. Owing to the overall similarities of cattle behavior; a lack of effects on conception rates, birth rates, birth dates and calf growth; and the fact that greatest densities of both exposed and control animals occurred in the central areas of pens during afternoon and 24-h observations; no adjustments in management are necessary when cattle are kept under or near +/- 500 kV DC power lines. C1 EASTERN OREGON AGR RES CTR,BURNS,OR 97720. BEAK CONSULTANTS INC,PORTLAND,OR 97204. T DAN BRACKEN INC,PORTLAND,OR 97202. RP GANSKOPP, D (reprint author), USDA,ARS,HC71451 HIGHWAY 205,BURNS,OR 97720, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 30 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1016/0168-1591(91)90080-H PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA FH578 UT WOS:A1991FH57800001 ER PT J AU HAVSTAD, KM OLSONRUTZ, KM AF HAVSTAD, KM OLSONRUTZ, KM TI SAMPLE-SIZE DETERMINATIONS FOR STUDYING SELECTED CATTLE FORAGING BEHAVIORS SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COWS AB Experimentation on livestock foraging behaviors under free-ranging conditions is frequently constrained by few experimental units (animals). Effective research designs require knowledge of expected sampling variability, but this information relative to range foraging behaviors is lacking. Sixteen 5-year-old range beef cows were used to estimate daily grazing time (DGT) and fecal output (percentage of body weight, FOBW) for 46 consecutive days during a winter grazing season. Estimates of components of variability associated with cows, days, and theoretical treatment effects were constructed from these data. Implied sample size requirements for a half-confidence-width less-than-or-equal-to 10% of the mean and a Type 1 significance level of 0.05 were 7 and 9 cows for DGT and FOBW, respectively, with day as a fixed effect. For day as a random effect, implied sample sizes were 5 days and 5 animals for DGT, and 5 days and 9 animals for FOBW. Variability among animals was greater when estimating FOBW than for DGT estimates. Detecting differences between two treatments sampled over 5 days with Type 1 and Type 2 probabilities of 0.05 and 0.10, respectively, implied sample sizes of five and > 20 cows for DGT and FOBW estimates, respectively. In general, these data indicated that < 5 animals was insufficient and > 20 was excessive. These sample size estimates were obtained from a relatively uniform set of animals grazing a uniform quality and quantity of forage. Estimates of N would have been greater under more variable experimental conditions. Given constraints of statistics and the logistics of range nutrition experimentation, unless sample size requirements can be satisfied it may not be appropriate to examine certain questions with current experimental methodologies. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP HAVSTAD, KM (reprint author), USDA,ARS,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,DEPT 3JER,BOX 30003 NMSU,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 30 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1016/0168-1591(91)90081-8 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA FH578 UT WOS:A1991FH57800002 ER PT J AU HULET, CV ANDERSON, DM SMITH, JN SHUPE, WL MURRAY, LW AF HULET, CV ANDERSON, DM SMITH, JN SHUPE, WL MURRAY, LW TI BONDING OF SPANISH KID GOATS TO CATTLE AND SHEEP SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Spanish kid goats, white-face range lambs, and yearling beef heifers were used to study the effects of close interspecies confinement on bonding of the small ruminant species to each other or to cattle. Treatment groups consisted of (1) 3 Spanish kids, 3 heifers and 3 young lambs (43-53 days with no previous exposure to cattle); (2) 3 Spanish kids, 2 heifers and 3 older lambs (74-105 days with some previous exposure to cattle). Each of these treatments was replicated three times. During field testing, following 30 days pen confinement, the older lambs stayed closer (P < 0.05) to the heifers than did the younger lambs. However, no difference (P > 0.05) existed between young and old lambs following 60 days pen confinement. Spanish kids did not differ (P > 0.05) in the degree of bonding from lambs. After testing at 60-days, the groups originally confined together were re-combined and sorted into kid-heifer and lamb-heifer groups and tested at pasture for affinity of kid goats to heifers and lambs to heifers, independent of the other small ruminant species. Lambs separated from cattle during the 3-h test; whereas kid goats consistently stayed with cattle. In an extended field test, kid goats stayed with cattle over a 5-consecutive-day test with no observed separations. It was concluded that Spanish kids can bond to cattle and stay with them under free-ranging conditions. The data also suggest that with lambs, a bond may become stronger as the time of close association is extended beyond 30 days. RP HULET, CV (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,BOX 30003,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 30 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 103 DI 10.1016/0168-1591(91)90088-F PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA FH578 UT WOS:A1991FH57800009 ER PT J AU BLOCK, WM AF BLOCK, WM TI FORAGING ECOLOGY OF NUTTALLS WOODPECKER SO AUK LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; COUNTS AB I studied relative abundances, foraging behavior, and foraging habitats of Nuttall's Woodpeckers (Picoides nuttallii) at three California locations. Population sizes at two areas in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada were larger than the population in the Tehachapi Mountains. These differences were attributed to habitat and weather differences. The two areas in the Sierra foothills had milder winters and contained large interior live oaks (Quercus wislizenii) and gray pines (Pinus sabiniana), species used extensively by woodpeckers outside of the breeding season. The Tehachapi area contained few large interior live oaks and no gray pines. All areas contained blue oak (Q. douglasii), used extensively during breeding. Trees actually used for foraging at all locations and during all seasons were larger, on average, than those generally available. Birds foraged by lightly pecking, probing, and gleaning prey from branches < 30 cm in diameter, although the exact methods and substrates varied by study area, season, and year. I found little intersexual variation in either foraging behavior or foraging habitat. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT FORESTRY & RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. US FOREST SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 1991 VL 108 IS 2 BP 303 EP 317 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA FK703 UT WOS:A1991FK70300010 ER PT J AU LILLEHOJ, HS BACON, LD AF LILLEHOJ, HS BACON, LD TI INCREASE OF INTESTINAL INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES EXPRESSING CD8 ANTIGEN FOLLOWING CHALLENGE INFECTION WITH EIMERIA ACERVULINA SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID T-CELL RECEPTOR; GAMMA-DELTA-RECEPTORS; CHICKEN; IDENTIFICATION; SUBPOPULATION; EPITHELIUM; RESPONSES; LYMPHOMA; TENELLA; TISSUE AB Eimerian infection-induced changes in the intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) subpopulations expressing CD8 antigen (cytotoxic/suppressor T cells) or antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR) heterodimer alpha-beta (TCR2) or gamma-delta (TCR1) were investigated in F2 crosses of 151(5) B-congenic chickens differing for the major histocompatiblity complex (MHC). Duodenum TCR2+ IEL were increased in B2B2 and B5B5 chickens 7 days following secondary infection. Two-color immunofluorescence revealed that the majority of CD8+ cells in the duodenum intraepithelium of immune chickens expressed TCR2. A significant increase in the duodenum TCR2+CD8+ and TCR1+CD8+ IEL occurred in B2B2 chickens, which developed significantly less oocyst production than the B5B5 chickens following challenge infection. The results suggest that a significant increase in the duodenum CD8+ IEL may reflect an enhanced acquired immunity of B2B2 chickens. C1 USDA,REG POULTRY RES LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. RP LILLEHOJ, HS (reprint author), USDA,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BARC-E,BLDG 1040,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2 BP 294 EP 301 DI 10.2307/1591179 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FL667 UT WOS:A1991FL66700007 PM 1830202 ER PT J AU MCHAN, F SHOTTS, EB BROWN, J AF MCHAN, F SHOTTS, EB BROWN, J TI EFFECT OF FEEDING SELECTED CARBOHYDRATES ON THE INVIVO ATTACHMENT OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM IN CHICK CECA SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INVITRO; MICROFLORA; ADHERENCE; INTESTINE; BACTERIA; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE; ILEUM; TRACT; CELLS AB Two-day-old chicks were orally inoculated with 1 ml of Salmonella typhimurium (10(5) colony-forming units/ml) and divided into four groups. Three groups were fed 2.5% carbohydrates starting on day 1 (arabinose, galactose, and lactose), while the fourth group served as the control. Ceca were obtained from each group at 7, 14, and 21 days. At the end of 14 days, all three carbohydrates statistically reduced Salmonela recovery. However, lactose failed to reduce recovery between day 14 and day 21. Arabinose and galactose continued to show significant reductions of recovery through 21 days. No statistical difference was found between Salmonella recovery from whole ceca (with cecal material) and inverted ceca (washed free of cecal material). C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP MCHAN, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2 BP 328 EP 331 DI 10.2307/1591184 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FL667 UT WOS:A1991FL66700012 PM 1854315 ER PT J AU CORRIER, DE HARGIS, B HINTON, A LINDSEY, D CALDWELL, D MANNING, J DELOACH, J AF CORRIER, DE HARGIS, B HINTON, A LINDSEY, D CALDWELL, D MANNING, J DELOACH, J TI EFFECT OF ANAEROBIC CECAL MICROFLORA AND DIETARY LACTOSE ON COLONIZATION RESISTANCE OF LAYER CHICKS TO INVASIVE SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BROILER-CHICKENS; TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; REDUCTION; INFECTION AB The effect of oral inoculation with anaerobic cultures of cecal microflora and providing lactose in the feed on colonization resistance to invasive Salmonella enteritidis was evaluated in newly hatched leghorn chicks. Salmonella colonization of the ceca, tissue invasion and organ colonization, horizontal transmission, and seroconversion were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in chicks inoculated with cecal flora. The addition of lactose to the feed, in the absence of cecal microflora, failed to provide protection. Dietary lactose enhanced colonization resistance in chicks that were inoculated with anaerobic cultures of cecal flora. The results indicated that establishment of normal cecal flora in layer chicks together with the addition of lactose to the diet markedly increases resistance to cecal colonization and organ invasion, and decreases horizontal transmission of S. enteritidis. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. RP CORRIER, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 24 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2 BP 337 EP 343 DI 10.2307/1591186 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FL667 UT WOS:A1991FL66700014 PM 1854317 ER PT J AU EDENS, FW MAY, JD YERSIN, AG BROWNBORG, HM AF EDENS, FW MAY, JD YERSIN, AG BROWNBORG, HM TI EFFECT OF FASTING ON PLASMA THYROID AND ADRENAL-HORMONE LEVELS IN TURKEY POULTS INFECTED WITH BORDETELLA AVIUM SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ALCALIGENES-FAECALIS INFECTION; POSTHATCH PHYSIOLOGY; CHICKEN SERUM; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH AB Plasma triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and corticosterone (CS) were measured in fasted and nonfasted control and Bordetella avium-infected poults. The stress of B. avium infection increased plasma CS, and fasting for 24 hours caused a further significant increase in CS levels. Plasma T3 was not affected by the infection, but fasting caused a significant reduction in both control and infected poults. Plasma T4 of fasted poults was increased in both control and infected groups, but infection attenuated the plasma T4 response. Total iodothyronines were increased in the control-fasted poults more than in infected-fasted poults, indicating a reduced responsiveness to stress by the thyroids of infected poults. Changes in plasma thyroid hormones and CS partially explain the decreased body weight gain and decreased body temperature after exposure to B. avium. C1 USDA ARS,S CENT POULTRY RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP EDENS, FW (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,BOX 7635,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2 BP 344 EP 347 DI 10.2307/1591187 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FL667 UT WOS:A1991FL66700015 PM 1854318 ER PT J AU BEARD, CW SCHNITZLEIN, WM TRIPATHY, DN AF BEARD, CW SCHNITZLEIN, WM TRIPATHY, DN TI PROTECTION OF CHICKENS AGAINST HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUS (H5N2) BY RECOMBINANT FOWLPOX VIRUSES SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNITY AB Two recombinant fowlpox viruses containing the avian influenza H5 hemagglutinin (HA) gene were evaluated for their ability to protect chickens against challenge with a highly pathogenic isolate of avian influenza virus (H5N2). Susceptible chickens were vaccinated with the parent fowlpox vaccine virus or recombinant viruses either by wing-web puncture or comb scarification. Following challenge 4 weeks later with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, all birds vaccinated by the wing-web method were protected by both recombinants, while 50% and 70% mortality occurred in the two groups of birds vaccinated by comb scarification. Birds vaccinated with the unaltered parent fowlpox vaccine virus or unvaccinated controls experienced 90% and 100% mortality, respectively, following challenge. Hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody levels were low, and agar-gel precipitin results were negative before challenge. Very high HI titers and positive precipitating antibody responses were observed in all survivors following challenge. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP BEARD, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 11 TC 60 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2 BP 356 EP 359 DI 10.2307/1591189 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FL667 UT WOS:A1991FL66700017 PM 1649592 ER PT J AU PALMIERI, S MITCHELL, BW AF PALMIERI, S MITCHELL, BW TI COMPARISON OF 3 VELOGENIC STRAINS OF NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS BY RNA OLIGONUCLEOTIDE FINGERPRINTING SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article AB The purified RNA from three velogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus (Ca-1083 [Fontana], Largo, and Texas GB) was analyzed by oligonucleotide fingerprinting. An image-processing system used to manipulate and rescale autoradiographs to uniform dimensions assisted the manual comparison of RNA fingerprints. Based on this analysis, the fingerprints of the Largo and Ca-1083 viscerotropic strains were more similar to each other than either virus was to the Texas GB neurotropic strain. By contrast, the Largo and Texas GB strains displayed more differences in the pattern of RNA fragment migration than other strain comparisons. Fingerprint comparisons were also performed between velogenic and previously reported lentogenic strains of NDV. No large RNA fragments were identified as NDV-specific or virulence-specific. This study evaluates the relationships among these NDV strains. RP PALMIERI, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2 BP 384 EP 388 DI 10.2307/1591194 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FL667 UT WOS:A1991FL66700022 PM 1854321 ER PT J AU HASAN, JAK KNIGHT, IT TATE, CR MALLINSON, ET MILLER, RG COLWELL, RR JOSEPH, SW AF HASAN, JAK KNIGHT, IT TATE, CR MALLINSON, ET MILLER, RG COLWELL, RR JOSEPH, SW TI EVALUATION OF RADIOLABELED AND COLORIMETRIC DNA PROBES IN COMPARISON WITH AN ANTIGEN SCREENING ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF SALMONELLA FROM POULTRY FARMS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Note ID HYBRIDIZATION ASSAY; FOODS AB A total of 48 environmental drag-swab samples from various poultry farms were tested for the presence of Salmonella spp. by culture, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based Salmonella antigen screening (SAS) assay, and two DNA probes (radiolabeled and colorimetric). The radiolabeled DNA probe was allowed to hybridize with culture-positive samples (n = 8) and was found to detect Salmonella spp. in all cases (100%). Both of the probes, subsequently hybridized with culture-negative samples (n = 8), were observed to yield good agreement (91%) with the culture findings. The remaining samples (n = 32) were tested by the SAS assay, and where there was no agreement between the culture and SAS, samples were further examined by the DNA probes. Results using both probes agreed with those obtained by culturing the samples but did not agree with the SAS assay result when the ratio of samples tested to samples positive (S/P) cutoff value used was 0.5. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MICROBIOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR MARINE BIOTECHNOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21202. USDA,FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2 BP 397 EP 402 DI 10.2307/1591197 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FL667 UT WOS:A1991FL66700025 PM 1854323 ER PT J AU MCBRIDE, MD HIRD, DW CARPENTER, TE SNIPES, KP DANAYEELMI, C UTTERBACK, WW AF MCBRIDE, MD HIRD, DW CARPENTER, TE SNIPES, KP DANAYEELMI, C UTTERBACK, WW TI HEALTH SURVEY OF BACKYARD POULTRY AND OTHER AVIAN SPECIES LOCATED WITHIN ONE MILE OF COMMERCIAL CALIFORNIA MEAT-TURKEY FLOCKS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Note AB A survey was conducted to characterize domestic and exotic bird populations, estimate seroprevalence to selected disease agents, and describe health management practices on 62 premises containing "backyard" flocks located within one mile of 22 commercial California meat-turkey flocks participating in National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS). Chickens were present on 56 backyard premises and turkeys on seven. Antibodies were identified against Mycoplasma gallisepticum, M. synoviae, M. meleagridis, Salmonella pullorum, Newcastle disease virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus, Bordetella avium, hemorrhagic enteritis virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and infectious bursal disease virus in 367 blood samples from 32 backyard premises. Twenty-two owners of backyard premises said they restricted visitor contact with their birds, and two required visitors to wear rubber boots and use boot disinfectant. Owners of seven premises used biologics and/or pharmaceutics for disease prevention. One family member worked on a commercial turkey ranch, but no other contact between owners, relatives, or employees and commercial poultry was reported. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT MED,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP MCBRIDE, MD (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,9580 MICRON AVE,SUITE E,SACRAMENTO,CA 95827, USA. NR 5 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 35 IS 2 BP 403 EP 407 DI 10.2307/1591198 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FL667 UT WOS:A1991FL66700026 PM 1854324 ER PT J AU WALBRIDGE, MR RICHARDSON, CJ SWANK, WT AF WALBRIDGE, MR RICHARDSON, CJ SWANK, WT TI VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION OF BIOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL PHOSPHORUS SUBCYCLES IN 2 SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN FOREST SOILS SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PYROPHOSPHATE EXTRACTS; SULFATE ADSORPTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; IRON-OXIDES; FULVIC-ACID; FE; AL; PHOSPHATE; ALUMINUM; CARBON AB We measured Al, Fe, and P fractions by horizon in two southern Appalachian forest soil profiles, and compared solution PO4(3-) removal in chloroform-sterilized and non-sterilized soils, to determine whether biological and geochemical P subcycles were vertically stratified in these soils. Because organic matter can inhibit Al and Fe oxide crystallization, we hypothesized that concentrations of non-crystalline (oxalate-extractable) Al (Al0) and Fe (Fe0), and concomitantly P sorption, would be greatest in near-surface mineral (A) horizons of these soils. Al0 and Fe0 reached maximum concentrations in forest floor and near-surface mineral horizons, declined significantly with depth in the mineral soil, and were highly correlated with P sorption capacity. Small pools of readily acid-soluble (AF-extractable) and readily-desorbable P suggested that PO4(3-) was tightly bound to Al and Fe hydroxide surfaces. P sorption in CHCl3-sterilized mineral soils did not differ significantly from P sorption in non-sterilized soils, but CHCl3-sterilization reduced P sorption 40-80% in the forest floor. CHCl3-labile (microbial) P also reached maximum concentrations in forest floor and near-surface mineral horizons, comprising 31-35% of forest floor organic P. Combined with previous estimates of plant root distributions, data suggest that biological and geochemical P subcycles are not distinctly vertically stratified in these soils. Plant roots, soil microorganisms, and P sorbing minerals all reach maximum relative concentrations in near-surface mineral horizons, where they are likely to compete strongly for PO4(3-) available in solution. C1 US FOREST SERV,SE EXPT STN,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763. DUKE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM STUDIES,DURHAM,NC 27706. RP WALBRIDGE, MR (reprint author), GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA. NR 67 TC 65 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 1991 VL 13 IS 1 BP 61 EP 85 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA FZ495 UT WOS:A1991FZ49500003 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, TL SOMKUTI, GA AF JOHNSON, TL SOMKUTI, GA TI ISOLATION OF CHOLESTEROL OXIDASES FROM RHODOCOCCUS-EQUI ATCC-33706 SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR 3BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID OXIDASE; COVALENTLY BOUND FLAVIN; BREVIBACTERIUM-STEROLICUM; SOLUBILIZATION; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; DEGRADATION; STRAINS; NO-23 C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0885-4513 J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. PD APR PY 1991 VL 13 IS 2 BP 196 EP 204 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA FD810 UT WOS:A1991FD81000004 ER PT J AU SOMKUTI, GA SOLAIMAN, DKY JOHNSON, TL STEINBERG, DH AF SOMKUTI, GA SOLAIMAN, DKY JOHNSON, TL STEINBERG, DH TI TRANSFER AND EXPRESSION OF A STREPTOMYCES CHOLESTEROL OXIDASE GENE IN STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CLONING; TRANSFORMATION; PLASMIDS; DNA RP SOMKUTI, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0885-4513 J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. PD APR PY 1991 VL 13 IS 2 BP 238 EP 245 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA FD810 UT WOS:A1991FD81000009 PM 2043280 ER PT J AU MILLER, RB AF MILLER, RB TI WOOD ANATOMY OF PHRAGMOTHECA (BOMBACACEAE) SO BRITTONIA LA English DT Article DE BOMBACACEAE; PHRAGMOTHECA; WOOD ANATOMY AB The wood anatomy of Phragmotheca (Bombacaceae) is described based on three species and three specimens. The wood features of Phragmotheca, Matisia, and Quararibea are very similar and differ only in the size of the intervascular pits and vessel diameters. Based on wood anatomical characteristics, these three genera form a distinct and homogeneous group within both the tribe Quararibeae and the family Bombacaceae. RP MILLER, RB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,CTR WOOD ANAT RES,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0007-196X J9 BRITTONIA JI Brittonia PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 43 IS 2 BP 88 EP 92 DI 10.2307/2807299 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FU538 UT WOS:A1991FU53800002 ER PT J AU ISENSEE, AR AF ISENSEE, AR TI DISSIPATION OF ALACHLOR UNDER INSITU AND SIMULATED VADOSE ZONE CONDITIONS SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE; SOIL RP ISENSEE, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 46 IS 4 BP 519 EP 526 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FB947 UT WOS:A1991FB94700006 PM 1854995 ER PT J AU WUBAH, DA FULLER, MS AKIN, DE AF WUBAH, DA FULLER, MS AKIN, DE TI NEOCALLIMASTIX - A COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL-STUDY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE NEOCALLIMASTIX; DEVELOPMENT; MORPHOLOGY ID RUMEN ANAEROBIC FUNGUS; SP-NOV; FRONTALIS; PATRICIARUM; SPIZELLOMYCETALES; ULTRASTRUCTURE; FERMENTATION; CELLULOSE; COMMUNIS; ZOOSPORE AB The development from zoospore to a mature thallus in Neocallimastix sp. isolated from a Georgia cow was studied at the light microscope level. The zoospore had 9-14 posteriorly directed flagella, and its shape varied from amoeboid in agar to ovoid in broth. Encysted zoospores developed endogenously into extramatrical ovoid or spherical incipient zoosporangia with extensively branched intramatrical rhizoids that often had constrictions. Sessile mature zoosporangia varied in shape, and zoospores were fully formed within zoosporangia before release through an apical pore. In agar, zoospores encysted close to the parent zoosporangium and developed endogenously into second generation zoosporangia or exogenously into elongate thalli. At maturity, an elongate thallus was made up of a sporangium, a sporangial stalk, a cyst, and branched rhizoids. Elongate thalli were sometimes formed in broth. Melanized resting sporangia were formed on branched thalli in old (> 36 h) cultures. Two isolates of Neocallimastix frontalis from a cow and sheep and Neocallimastix patriciarum were grown under the same conditions as our isolate, and the morphology of zoospore, zoosporangium, and melanized sporangium of the four isolates were compared. In broth, the isolates developed in the same manner and formed elongate thalli and melanized sporangia as described for our isolate. There is insufficient justification, based on morphology alone, for separating the four isolates. The importance of basic light microscopy is discussed. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP WUBAH, DA (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BOT,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD APR PY 1991 VL 69 IS 4 BP 835 EP 843 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA FP802 UT WOS:A1991FP80200017 ER PT J AU YOUNGBLOOD, AP ZASADA, JC AF YOUNGBLOOD, AP ZASADA, JC TI WHITE SPRUCE ARTIFICIAL REGENERATION OPTIONS ON RIVER FLOODPLAINS IN INTERIOR ALASKA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Reforestation options for artificial regeneration of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) were tested on three floodplain sites near Fairbanks, Alaska. Survival of containerized seedlings after outplanting was above 96%, regardless of harvest cutting method or mechanical site preparation, and declined little between the third and fifth growing seasons. Establishment and survival after direct seeding on seed spots was more variable and differed by harvest cutting method, by type of site preparation, and by the use of plastic seed shelters for seedling protection. Maximum terminal leader growth, seedling total height, and basal diameter were found on planted seedlings in clear-cut units on the better site. In clear-cut units prepared by blading on one site, basal diameter of seedlings five seasons after outplanting was almost 50% more than on similar surfaces in shelterwood units. Planted seedlings on unscarified surfaces and in small scalped patches generally had similar basal diameters. Results suggested that similar interior Alaska floodplain forests of white spruce can be successfully regenerated by using the clear-cutting harvest method and planting nursery-reared seedlings without mechanical site preparation. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP YOUNGBLOOD, AP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,INST NO FORESTRY,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009 OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838 NR 36 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 1991 VL 21 IS 4 BP 423 EP 433 DI 10.1139/x91-057 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FE207 UT WOS:A1991FE20700001 ER PT J AU ALABACK, PB TAPPEINER, JC AF ALABACK, PB TAPPEINER, JC TI RESPONSE OF WESTERN HEMLOCK (TSUGA-HETEROPHYLLA) AND EARLY HUCKLEBERRY (VACCINIUM-OVALIFOLIUM) SEEDLINGS TO FOREST WINDTHROW SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note ID SOUTHEAST ALASKA; SPRUCE AB Seedlings of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) and early huckleberry (Vaccinium ovalifolium Smith) were studied for 5 years following windthrow in a dense 45-year-old forest to better understand the contrasting reproductive and growth stategies of woody shrubs and trees to small natural disturbances in temperate rain forest environments. Seedlings of both species responded to the disturbance with increased growth and increased recruitment. Tsuga seedling establishment and Vaccinium seedling density increased after the disturbance. Tsuga height growth, number of branches, and biomass were linearly related to solar radiation transmission in all 3 years. Vaccinium exhibited an exponential shoot growth pattern characterized by an initial delay of 3-4 years, whereas Tsuga increased productivity within months of the disturbance and continued to increase its growth exponentially throughout the study. Vaccinium increased rate of branching, total biomass, and allocation of biomass to roots following the windthrow, but did not significantly increase twig elongation rates until the fourth growing season. No significant difference in soil or air temperatures was detected between the forest and open windthrown areas, but litter temperatures increased by as much as 1-degrees-C in the windthrow during the summer. Infrequent opening of dense second-growth conifer canopies whether by thinning or by small-scale disturbances is likley to result in dense secondary canopies of shade-tolerant trees and in little understory vegetation or forage for wildlife. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP ALABACK, PB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,POB 20909,JUNEAU,AK 99802, USA. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 1991 VL 21 IS 4 BP 534 EP 539 DI 10.1139/x91-074 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA FE207 UT WOS:A1991FE20700018 ER PT J AU WANG, S BRICK, MA TOWNSEND, CE AF WANG, S BRICK, MA TOWNSEND, CE TI RESPONSE OF ALFALFA TO BIDIRECTIONAL SELECTION FOR ROOT BARK AREA AND XYLEM VESSEL DIAMETER SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MEDICAGO-SATIVA-L; SSP-SATIVA AND M SATIVA-SSP FALCATA (L) ARCANGELI; ROOT BARK AREA; XYLEM VESSEL DIAMETER ID WATER AB Development of alfalfa [Medicago sativa L. ssp. sativa and M. sativa ssp. falcata (L.) Arcangeli] germplasm with contrasting root bark area and xylem vessel area could be useful to evaluate relationships between anatomical root characteristics and plant functions such as drought tolerance. This study was conducted to determine the response of alfalfa to bidirectional selection for root bark area and xylem vessel area of the largest vessels as viewed in cross section. Bidirectional selection for large and small root bark area and for large and small xylem vessel area was conducted for two cycles. Selection for high root bark area resulted in an increase in root bark area in cycle one (C1), but no further response occurred in cycle two (C2). Response to selection for low bark area resulted in no response in the C1, but a response occurred in the C2. Response to selection for large xylem vessel area increased xylem area in the C1 but no further response occurred in the C2. There was no response to selection for small vessel area in either of the two cycles of selection. Asymmetrical responses to bidirectional selection were found. Root size increased significantly over the two cycles of selection and was probably due to indirect selection for large root size. C1 USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP WANG, S (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 71 IS 2 BP 427 EP 435 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FV391 UT WOS:A1991FV39100015 ER PT J AU RUMBAUGH, MD PENDERY, BM AF RUMBAUGH, MD PENDERY, BM TI STABILITY OF FORAGE YIELD OF ALFALFA CLONES GROWN WITH 5 ASSOCIATE SPECIES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COMPETITION; GRASS; MEDICAGO; PLANT BREEDING; PASTURE; RANGE ID VARIANCE PARAMETERS; REGISTRATION; SELECTION; COMPETITION; PROGRAM AB Single species spaced-plant clonal nurseries are useful in the first stage of selection to develop forage crop cultivars for semiarid and arid environment pastures. The objectives of this study were (1) to quantify the degree of stability of forage yield of individual alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) clones when grown with five associate species and (2) to examine the relationships of alfalfa and the associate species in the determination of total plot forage yield in a spaced-plant nursery with a stand density comparable to that of natural plant communities on semiarid rangelands. One hundred plants of NC-83-1 alfalfa were vegetatively propagated and grown in a replicated spaced-plant selection nursery in association with Fairway crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum [L.] Gaertner s. lat.), Oahe intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium [Host] Barkworth & D. R. Dewey), RS-2 hybrid wheatgrass (Elytrigia repens [L.] Nevski x Pseudoroegneria spicata [Pursh]Love), Vinall Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea [Fisch.] Nevski), and NC-83-1 alfalfa. Plants were spaced 0.5-m apart on a rectangular grid in which eight plants of an associated species surrounded each alfalfa plant. Forage yield per plant was measured in four harvests each year during the 2nd and 3rd years following establishment. Alfalfa was the most competitive associated species. Rhizomatous grasses were more competitive to alfalfa than were bunchgrasses. Some clones were phenotypically more stable than others. The degree of stability was inversely, but weakly, associated with the amount of alfalfa forage produced. Alfalfa plant yield was negatively related to yield of the associated species. This compensatory effect tended to stabilize total plot forage yield. Simultaneous selection of range forage species may best be accomplished in nurseries in which a grass and a legume are interplanted at a density and in a pattern that simulates the competitive relations occurring in semiarid environments. RP RUMBAUGH, MD (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 71 IS 2 BP 453 EP 459 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FV391 UT WOS:A1991FV39100018 ER PT J AU RAMMING, DW AF RAMMING, DW TI GENETIC-CONTROL OF A SLOW-RIPENING FRUIT TRAIT IN NECTARINE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PEACH; BREEDING; POSTHARVEST; GENETICS; STONE FRUIT ID PEACH AB Inheritance of a slow-ripening trait was investigated in segregating progenies of nectarine (Prunus Persica (L.), Batsch var. nucipersica Schneid). Segregation ratios suggest that the trait is controlled by a single recessive gene, for which the symbol sr is proposed. Fantasia, Flamekist, and Fairlane nectarines are heterozygous at the sr locus. RP RAMMING, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 71 IS 2 BP 601 EP 603 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FV391 UT WOS:A1991FV39100046 ER PT J AU BURRI, BJ NEIDLINGER, TR AF BURRI, BJ NEIDLINGER, TR TI INFLUENCE OF TETRADEUTERATED RETINYL ACETATE ON SERUM RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN, PREALBUMIN, AND THYROXINE SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PWA,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A643 EP A643 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302896 ER PT J AU CASEY, VA DWYER, JT AF CASEY, VA DWYER, JT TI THE MEASUREMENT OF BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION USING SOMATOTYPE PHOTOGRAPHS AND COMPUTER-ASSISTED IMAGING TECHNIQUES SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,NEMCH,SCH NUTR & MED,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A643 EP A643 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302897 ER PT J AU ELLER, M OLEKSIAK, M MCQUAID, T GILCHREST, BA AF ELLER, M OLEKSIAK, M MCQUAID, T GILCHREST, BA TI THE MOLECULAR-CLONING OF A HUMAN CELLULAR RETINOIC ACID-BINDING PROTEIN CDNA - SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS AND EXPRESSION IN HUMAN SKIN CELLS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A560 EP A560 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302405 ER PT J AU FONG, AKH KRETSCH, MJ AF FONG, AKH KRETSCH, MJ TI CHANGES IN DIETARY-INTAKE AND URINARY NITROGEN-EXCRETION DURING THE MENSTRUAL-CYCLE SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A645 EP A645 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302909 ER PT J AU GARMYN, M YAA, M HOWRIGAN, P GILCHREST, BA AF GARMYN, M YAA, M HOWRIGAN, P GILCHREST, BA TI INFLUENCE OF AGING ON GENE-EXPRESSION IN CULTURED HUMAN KERATINOCYTES SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A524 EP A524 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302191 ER PT J AU HUNT, JR GALLAGHER, SK AF HUNT, JR GALLAGHER, SK TI EFFECT OF MILD ENERGY RESTRICTION AND WEIGHT-LOSS ON BLOOD-PLATELET VOLUME SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A648 EP A648 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302925 ER PT J AU IACONO, IM DOUGHERTY, RM AF IACONO, IM DOUGHERTY, RM TI WATER AND MINERAL BALANCE CHANGES IN HYPERTENSIVE MEN FED HIGH AND LOW-LEVELS OF LINOLEIC-ACID SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A648 EP A648 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302926 ER PT J AU KOST, R ISFORT, R JONES, D WITTER, R KUNG, HJ AF KOST, R ISFORT, R JONES, D WITTER, R KUNG, HJ TI RETROVIRAL INTEGRATION INTO A HERPESVIRUS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT MED,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT MOLEC BIOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,MARION,OH. USDA,POULTRY LAB,E LANSING,MI. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A382 EP A382 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32301362 ER PT J AU LUKASKI, HC SIDERS, WA HALL, CB AF LUKASKI, HC SIDERS, WA HALL, CB TI ASSESSMENT OF REGIONAL BODY-COMPOSITION BY QUANTITATIVE DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY (QDR) DURING WEIGHT-LOSS IN OBESE WOMEN SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A651 EP A651 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302942 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, SN MORROW, F MEYDANI, M BLUMBERG, JB AF MEYDANI, SN MORROW, F MEYDANI, M BLUMBERG, JB TI SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF SHORT-TERM SUPPLEMENTATION WITH VITAMIN-E IN HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MEDFORD,MA 02155. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A652 EP A652 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302947 ER PT J AU MILNE, DB JOHNSON, PE GALLAGHER, SK AF MILNE, DB JOHNSON, PE GALLAGHER, SK TI EFFECT OF SHORT-TERM DIETARY ZINC INTAKE ON ETHANOL-METABOLISM IN ADULT MEN SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A652 EP A652 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302949 ER PT J AU MONTANDON, CM MOTIL, KJ SHENG, HP AF MONTANDON, CM MOTIL, KJ SHENG, HP TI LONGITUDINAL-STUDY OF NUTRIENT INTAKE, BODY-FAT, AND MILK-PRODUCTION IN LACTATING WOMEN (L) SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A652 EP A652 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302950 ER PT J AU MUST, A DIETZ, WH AF MUST, A DIETZ, WH TI LATE EFFECTS OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MEDFORD,MA 02155. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A653 EP A653 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302954 ER PT J AU PARK, HY APGAR, J RUSSAKOVSKY, V GILCHREST, BA AF PARK, HY APGAR, J RUSSAKOVSKY, V GILCHREST, BA TI CELL-SPECIFIC AND AGE-DEPENDENT EXPRESSION OF PROTEIN-KINASE-C IN HUMAN SKIN-DERIVED CELLS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02118. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A148 EP A148 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32300042 ER PT J AU PARK, HY RUSSAKOVSKY, V GILCHREST, BA AF PARK, HY RUSSAKOVSKY, V GILCHREST, BA TI HUMAN MELANOGENESIS CORRELATES WITH EXPRESSION OF THE BETA ISOFORM OF PROTEIN-KINASE-C SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02118. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A554 EP A554 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302367 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, RD KIEHL, H LONNERDAL, B AF REYNOLDS, RD KIEHL, H LONNERDAL, B TI LACK OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY AND PYRIDOXAL 5'-PHOSPHATE OR TOTAL VITAMIN-B6 CONCENTRATIONS IN HUMAN-MILK SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT NUTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A654 EP A654 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302961 ER PT J AU THORP, JW SEALE, JL CONWAY, JM RUMPLER, WV HABERMAN, KJ AF THORP, JW SEALE, JL CONWAY, JM RUMPLER, WV HABERMAN, KJ TI ENERGY-EXPENDITURE AND BODY-COMPOSITION IN HEALTHY, FIT MEN SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN,MED RES INST,DEPT DIVING MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. USDA,BHNRC,ENERGY & PROT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A656 EP A656 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302975 ER PT J AU YAAR, M ELLER, M OLEKSIAK, M MCQUAID, T GILCHREST, BA AF YAAR, M ELLER, M OLEKSIAK, M MCQUAID, T GILCHREST, BA TI CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF A NOVEL NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR RELATED MOLECULE IN HUMAN SKIN SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02118. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A555 EP A555 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302375 ER PT J AU YAAR, M GILANI, A GARMYN, M GILCHREST, BA AF YAAR, M GILANI, A GARMYN, M GILCHREST, BA TI KERATINOCYTE GENE ACTIVATION FOLLOWING GROWTH OR DIFFERENTIATION SIGNALS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02118. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A148 EP A148 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32300041 ER PT J AU DALLAL, GE ROBERTS, SB AF DALLAL, GE ROBERTS, SB TI DLW - A COMPUTER-PROGRAM FOR THE CALCULATION OF TOTAL ENERGY-EXPENDITURE IN DOUBLY LABELED WATER (H2O)-H-2-O-18 STUDIES SO COMPUTERS AND BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-BODY WATER; HUMANS; INFANTS; VALIDATION; EXERCISE RP DALLAL, GE (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG07388] NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0010-4809 J9 COMPUT BIOMED RES JI Comput. Biomed. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 24 IS 2 BP 143 EP 151 DI 10.1016/0010-4809(91)90026-S PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA FC952 UT WOS:A1991FC95200004 PM 2036780 ER PT J AU LEWIS, JA PAPAVIZAS, GC AF LEWIS, JA PAPAVIZAS, GC TI BIOCONTROL OF PLANT-DISEASES - THE APPROACH FOR TOMORROW SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE BIOCONTROL FORMULATIONS; BIOCONTROL FUNGI; DELIVERY SYSTEMS; GENETIC MANIPULATION; GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; INTEGRATED CONTROL; PLANT DISEASES; SOIL-BORNE PLANT PATHOGENS; TRICHODERMA SPP ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; DAMPING-OFF; RHIZOSPHERE COMPETENCE; CELLULASE PRODUCTION; TALAROMYCES-FLAVUS; ALGINATE PELLETS; SOIL; GLIOCLADIUM AB More than 50% of crop loss in the United States is due to diseases caused by microbes inhabiting the soil. Biocontrol represents an attractive alternative for the future because of the many concerns about pesticide use. Recent advances from our laboratory on soil-borne disease control are: (a) development of biocontrol formulation systems for delivery, (b) genetic manipulation of biocontrol agents to increase their efficacy, and (c) the use of biocontrol in integrated pest management. For dust formulations, dry biomass of Trichoderma and Gliocladium, produced by deep-tank fermentation of readily available, inexpensive agricultural wastes, was milled and mixed with inert carriers for application to soils. Dry or wet biomass was also immobilized into granular pellets, which may contain a food base to allow the biocontrol fungi to grow. These innovative formulations, easily adapted to commercialization, include alginate, carrageenan, and chitosan pellets. A new approach to activate biocontrol fungi in a vermiculite/bran preparation was also developed. In another novel approach, biotypes of Trichoderma and Gliocladium were developed which possessed enhanced biocontrol ability or were tolerant to chemicals used in agriculture. The genetic manipulation was achieved with chemical and ultraviolet mutagenesis, or transformation. Studies are also in progress to understand the mechanism of action of certain effective biocontrol fungi. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 100 TC 60 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 22 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD APR PY 1991 VL 10 IS 2 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(91)90055-V PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FG470 UT WOS:A1991FG47000003 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, WG MCCALEB, ML FELD, LG MICHAELIS, OE LAVER, N MERCANDETTI, M AF ROBINSON, WG MCCALEB, ML FELD, LG MICHAELIS, OE LAVER, N MERCANDETTI, M TI DEGENERATED INTRAMURAL PERICYTES (GHOST CELLS) IN THE RETINAL CAPILLARIES OF DIABETIC RATS SO CURRENT EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALDOSE REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; GALACTOSE-FED DOGS; BB WISTAR RAT; CORPULENT RAT; MURAL CELLS; RETINOPATHY; SUCROSE; PREVENTION; MODEL; COMPLICATIONS AB One of the earliest histopathological signs of diabetic retinopathy is a selective loss of intramural pericytes from retinal capillaries. In the present study, the retinal vessels of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes (STZ Wistar) and rats with genetically-induced insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (BB Wistar) and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (SHR/N-corpulent) were examined after 6 to 8 months duration for diabetes-related retinal microangiopathies. The SHR/N-corpulent (cp) rats were fed a 54% sucrose diet, whereas the STZ Wistar and BB Wistar rats were fed laboratory chow for 32 to 36 weeks. In all the diabetic rats, the retinal capillaries in enzyme-digested flat mounts exhibited an increase in periodic-acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and loss of pericytes compared to their respective euglycemic controls. Pericyte "ghosts", like those defined in human diabetes as intramural pockets lacking normal cell contents, were documented by high resolution micrographs in all the diabetic rats. Endothelial cell proliferation, capillary dilation, and varicose loop formation were noted in some of the diabetic rats. Hence, similar capillary lesions were found in very different groups of diabetic rats. The findings suggest that a chronic high tissue concentration of glucose is the underlying factor which triggers pathogenesis in the pericyte. Hyperglycemia-induced activation of endogenous aldose reductase of the polyol pathway is probably the initial insult, but other factors such as advanced glycosylation products may affect the final outcome. C1 WYETH AYERST RES,METAB DISORDERS,PRINCETON,NJ. CHILDRENS HOSP,DIV NEPHROL,BUFFALO,NY 14222. SUNY BUFFALO,SCH MED & BIOMED SCI,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,BUFFALO,NY 14260. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ROBINSON, WG (reprint author), NEI,BLDG 10,ROOM 10N-105,9000 ROCKVILLE PIKE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 40 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0271-3683 J9 CURR EYE RES JI Curr. Eye Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 10 IS 4 BP 339 EP 350 DI 10.3109/02713689108996340 PG 12 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA FM937 UT WOS:A1991FM93700008 PM 1829996 ER PT J AU LEFCOURT, AM AKERS, RM AF LEFCOURT, AM AKERS, RM TI TEAT STIMULATION-INDUCED OXYTOCIN AND CATECHOLAMINE RELEASE IN PREGNANT AND LACTATING HOLSTEIN HEIFERS SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MILK-EJECTION; DAIRY-COWS; CATTLE; REMOVAL; HORMONE AB The effect of manual teat stimulation (milking paradigm) on release of oxytocin, epinephrine and norepinephrine was studied in (1) 15 heifers at 100, 150, 200 and 250 d of gestation and at 30 and 90 d of lactation (during machine milking) and (2) simultaneously in six heifers at < 100 d and in six heifers at > 200 d of gestation. Oxytocin responses to teat stimulation, including peak heights and area under the response curves, at 150, 200 and 250 d or at > 200 d of gestation were similar and were significantly greater than responses at 100 d or at < 100 d. Responses to milking were lower at 90 d compared to responses at 30 d. Catecholamines were measured only during gestation and were generally not affected by teat stimulation. Epinephrine levels were significantly higher at 200 and 250 d compared to levels at 100 and 150 d. Baseline oxytocin concentrations and responses to teat stimulation were greatest at 150 d of gestation when epinephrine levels were still low, suggesting that stimulatory mechanisms responsible for the release of oxytocin develop and/or are expressed prior to the development of inhibitory sympathetic mechanisms. For norepinephrine, linear analyses did not show significant responses to teat stimulation overall. However, elevated norepinephrine responses (> .2 pmol/ml) following teat stimulation were seen in 28 of 51 trials, and large oxytocin responses (> 75 pg/ml/min) were seen predominantly only when norepinephrine responses were low (< = .2 pmol/ml). RP LEFCOURT, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 8 IS 2 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(91)90059-S PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA FK672 UT WOS:A1991FK67200007 PM 2070599 ER PT J AU PROUDMAN, JA AF PROUDMAN, JA TI DAILY RHYTHM OF PROLACTIN AND CORTICOSTERONE IN UNRESTRAINED, INCUBATING TURKEY HENS SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; SECRETION; PATTERNS; OVULATION; CYCLE; RATS AB Plasma concentrations of prolactin and corticosterone were determined in hourly samples collected over a 25-hr period from unrestrained turkey hens exhibiting incubation (broody) behavior. Hens were maintained in cages on a 14 hr light:10 hr dark photoperiod. Mean plasma prolactin concentration increased significantly late in the dark period to reach maximum daily levels of 496 ng/ml at the start of the photophase. However, a well-defined daily rhythm in prolactin secretion was not evident. Plasma corticosterone concentration showed a significant daily rhythm characterized by a major secretory peak (7.14 ng/ml) in the middle of the light period and a smaller, less well-defined peak (4.11 ng/ml) during the dark period. Both prolactin and corticosterone secretion ranged widely throughout the day in individual hens in a manner suggestive of pulsatile hormone secretion. This study demonstrates that the extremely high prolactin concentrations characteristic of the incubating turkey hen reflect large, dynamic changes in plasma prolactin concentrations occurring throughout the photoperiod, rather than a constantly high level of prolactin secretion. RP PROUDMAN, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AVIAN PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 8 IS 2 BP 265 EP 270 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(91)90062-O PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA FK672 UT WOS:A1991FK67200010 PM 2070601 ER PT J AU RHIND, SM SCHANBACHER, BD AF RHIND, SM SCHANBACHER, BD TI OVARIAN FOLLICLE POPULATIONS AND OVULATION RATES OF FINNISH LANDRACE CROSS EWES IN DIFFERENT NUTRITIONAL STATES AND ASSOCIATED PROFILES GONADOTROPINS, INHIBIN, GROWTH-HORMONE (GH) AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; PROGESTERONE PROFILES; BODY CONDITION; PROLACTIN; SECRETION; LH; TESTOSTERONE; SHEEP; FSH; RAM AB Effects of ewe body condition and level of feed intake on ovarian follicle populations and ovulation rates were studied in three groups of 12 to 15 Finnish Landrace cross ewes. Ewes were fed to achieve target body condition scores of either 2.0 (low, LM) or 2.5 (moderate, MM) and then fed a complete pelleted ration for three weeks before study so that they maintained liveweight. Ewes of a third group were also fed to achieve condition scores of 2.5 and then fed ad libitum (MAL). Neither ewe body condition nor level of feed intake significantly affected either the number of large follicles (greater-than-or-equal-to 4 mm diameter) or the ovulation rate. The proportion of estrogenic follicles was lower in MM than LM ewes (0.77 vs. 0.96; P < 0.05), but there was no difference in this proportion between MAL and MM ewes. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations in the follicular fluid were unaffected by ewe body condition or level of feed intake despite significant treatment differences in circulating concentrations. Inhibin concentrations were higher in estrogenic follicles of LM compared with MM ewes, and this difference was reflected in circulating profiles. Treatment differences in LH profiles were not associated with any difference in follicle populations or ovulation rate. There were no consistent treatment effects on FSH concentrations. It is concluded that the roles of inhibin and IGF-I in the control of follicle development cannot be adequately assessed on the basis of circulating concentrations alone and that there is a need to measure intrafollicular hormone profiles and associated effects on follicle physiology. RP RHIND, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 8 IS 2 BP 281 EP 291 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(91)90064-Q PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA FK672 UT WOS:A1991FK67200012 PM 1906390 ER PT J AU MCMASTER, GS KLEPPER, B RICKMAN, RW WILHELM, WW WILLIS, WO AF MCMASTER, GS KLEPPER, B RICKMAN, RW WILHELM, WW WILLIS, WO TI SIMULATION OF SHOOT VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH OF UNSTRESSED WINTER-WHEAT SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article ID CEREAL LEAF GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; APPEARANCE; FIELD; TIME; CULTIVARS; EXTENSION; EMERGENCE; NITROGEN; ONTOGENY AB Mechanistic crop simulation models can aid in directing research and improving farm management. Recent research on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) canopy development was consolidated into a model of aboveground vegetative development and growth called SHOOTGRO 1.0. The model assumes that water, nutrients, and light do not limit development and growth. Initial conditions of cultivar type (dwarf, semidwarf, mid-tall, and tall), seeding rate, planting depth and date, and latitude are inputs. Daily temperature, expressed as growing degree-days, drives SHOOTGRO 1.0. Processes are stimulated with a daily time step. Computer code is standard Fortran 77. The morphological nomenclature used allows each leaf and node plus associated internode to be identified and their appearance, development, growth, and senescence to be followed from planting through completion of main stem flag leaf growth (shortly before booting). Three cohorts of plants are simulated based on time of emergence. Simulated growth of leaves and internodes is a function of leaf number and accumulation of thermal time, as is leaf senescence. C1 USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR 97801. UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP MCMASTER, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 35 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR PY 1991 VL 53 IS 3-4 BP 189 EP 204 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(91)90156-U PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FP966 UT WOS:A1991FP96600002 ER PT J AU HUNT, HW TRLICA, MJ REDENTE, EF MOORE, JC DETLING, JK KITTEL, TGF WALTER, DE FOWLER, MC KLEIN, DA ELLIOTT, ET AF HUNT, HW TRLICA, MJ REDENTE, EF MOORE, JC DETLING, JK KITTEL, TGF WALTER, DE FOWLER, MC KLEIN, DA ELLIOTT, ET TI SIMULATION-MODEL FOR THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON TEMPERATE GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ENRICHMENT; NATIVE SHORTGRASS ECOSYSTEM; BOUTELOUA-GRACILIS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BLUE-GRAMA; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; BIOMASS DYNAMICS; USE EFFICIENCY; ELEVATED CO2; SOIL-WATER AB We studied the responses of temperate grasslands to climate change using a grassland ecosystem model which simulates seasonal dynamics of shoots, roots, soil water, mycorrhizal fungi, saprophytic microbes, soil fauna, inorganic nitrogen, plant residues and soil organic matter. Forty-year simulations were made for several climate change scenarios. The model was driven with observed weather and with combinations of elevated atmospheric CO2, elevated temperature, and either increased or decreased precipitation. Precipitation and CO2 level accounted for most of the variation among climate change treatments in the responses of soil, plants, animals and microbes. Elevated temperature extended the growing season but depressed photosynthesis in the summer, with little net effect on annual primary production. Doubling CO2 (1) caused persistent increases in primary production, in spite of greater nitrogen limitation, and (2) led to greater storage of carbon in plant residues and soil organic matter. The increased carbon storage was not great enough to keep pace with the present rate of increase in atmospheric CO2. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGE SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,SPP UNIT,ORLANDO,FL 32803. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP HUNT, HW (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,NAT RESOURCE ECOL LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. RI Moore, John/E-9802-2011; Kittel, Timothy/F-2792-2011; Detling, James/I-1691-2013 OI Kittel, Timothy/0000-0002-4153-1006; NR 91 TC 90 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR PY 1991 VL 53 IS 3-4 BP 205 EP 246 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(91)90157-V PG 42 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FP966 UT WOS:A1991FP96600003 ER PT J AU TAPPEINER, J ZASADA, J RYAN, P NEWTON, M AF TAPPEINER, J ZASADA, J RYAN, P NEWTON, M TI SALMONBERRY CLONAL AND POPULATION-STRUCTURE - THE BASIS FOR A PERSISTENT COVER SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CLONAL ARCHITECTURE; CLONAL POPULATIONS; CLONES; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; FOREST DISTURBANCE; FOREST REGENERATION; FOREST SUCCESSION; PERSISTENT COVER; RED ALDER STANDS; RHIZOMES; RUBUS-SPECTABILIS; UNDERSTORY ID MINNESOTA; DENSITY; FORESTS AB To understand how populations of salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis) persist in common forest stand types, we studied the above- and belowground structure of salmonberry clones and populations in upland alder and conifer stands, in riparian stands, and in 2-yr-old and 13-to 18-yr-old clearcuts in the central Oregon Coast Range. On undisturbed sites individual clones and populations replace aerial stems by rhizome extension, by production of new genets, and by sprouts from buds on old aerial stems. It appears that frequent initiation of aerial stems from these three sources enables salmonberry populations to persist and maintain a dense cover. The size distribution of aerial stems on these sites resembled that of an uneven-aged stand of trees, with stem numbers decreasing from small to large size classes. Within the first two growing seasons after disturbance to overstory trees and the understory, salmonberry populations maintained themselves by a rapid initiation of new rhizomes (1.0-2.5 m/m2 annually) and aerial stems (25-50 stems/m2). These populations apparently continue to grow well, since the greatest rhizome and aerial stem biomass occurred in 13- to 18-yr-old clearcuts with no overstory trees. Rhizome density of salmonberry populations, as well as rhizome and aerial stem biomass, was significantly and negatively related (r2 = 0.71-0.83) to the basal area of overstory trees. It appears that population structure, rhizome length and aerial stem, rhizome, and total biomass, can be predicted from measures of preharvest overstory trees, and also from salmonberry stem number and basal area. Clonal architecture varied with stand type. Salmonberry clones in alder stands were larger (18 m total rhizome) than those in conifer stands and on riparian sites (5-6 m rhizome). Clones in alder stands also produced more ramets and more aerial stems than those in conifer and riparian stands. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP TAPPEINER, J (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 27 TC 87 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 16 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 1991 VL 72 IS 2 BP 609 EP 618 DI 10.2307/2937201 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FE248 UT WOS:A1991FE24800019 ER PT J AU MEYER, SE MONSEN, SB AF MEYER, SE MONSEN, SB TI HABITAT-CORRELATED VARIATION IN MOUNTAIN BIG SAGEBRUSH (ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA SSP-VASEYANA) SEED-GERMINATION PATTERNS SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Note RP MEYER, SE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,SHRUB SCI LAB,PROVO,UT 84606, USA. NR 14 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 7 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 1991 VL 72 IS 2 BP 739 EP 742 DI 10.2307/2937214 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FE248 UT WOS:A1991FE24800032 ER PT J AU JERMY, T BUTT, BA AF JERMY, T BUTT, BA TI METHOD FOR SCREENING FEMALE SEX-PHEROMONE EXTRACTS OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA SAY; COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; FEMALE SEX PHEROMONE; SCREENING METHOD; MATING BEHAVIOR; TACTILE STIMULI C1 USDA ARS,YAKIMA AGR RES LAB,YAKIMA,WA 98902. RP JERMY, T (reprint author), HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI,INST PLANT PROTECT,PF 102,H-1525 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. NR 4 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD APR PY 1991 VL 59 IS 1 BP 75 EP 78 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FL236 UT WOS:A1991FL23600009 ER PT J AU HUANG, BR TAYLOR, HM MCMICHAEL, BL AF HUANG, BR TAYLOR, HM MCMICHAEL, BL TI BEHAVIOR OF LATERAL ROOTS IN WINTER-WHEAT AS AFFECTED BY TEMPERATURE SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article ID SEMINAL ROOT; GROWTH; BARLEY; SYSTEM; STAND AB The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature on growth of laterals on the seminal roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Wheat seedling root growth was measured on alternate days for 28 days beginning at 4 days after planting. The length, number, time of emergence, and the distance apart of primary lateral roots and the length of the unbranched axis were determined on the plants under air temperatures of 10,20, 25 and 30-degrees-C. The primary lateral roots (i) emerged earlier with increased temperature, and developed closer to the tip of the seminal axis at 20 and 30-degrees-C than at 10 and 25-degrees-C, (ii) were more closely spaced along the seminal axis at the higher temperatures, (iii) increased in density along a segment of root within a period of time after planting that varied with temperature, indicating that lateral root emergence did not follow an acropetal sequence, (iv) had a distribution in length that was unaffected by temperature, (v) were fewest in number and least in length at 10-degrees-C, greatest in number and length at 25-degrees-C, and were intermediate in length and number at 20 and 30-degrees-C, and (vi) had lengths that accounted for about 46, 83, 85 and 72% of the total seminal root length at 10, 20, 25 and 30-degrees-C, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. RP HUANG, BR (reprint author), TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT AGRON HORT & ENTOMOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79409, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD APR PY 1991 VL 31 IS 2 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(91)90069-Z PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FL789 UT WOS:A1991FL78900007 ER PT J AU TURCHIN, P LORIO, PL TAYLOR, AD BILLINGS, RF AF TURCHIN, P LORIO, PL TAYLOR, AD BILLINGS, RF TI WHY DO POPULATIONS OF SOUTHERN PINE BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) FLUCTUATE SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; POPULATION DYNAMICS; TIME SERIES ID DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; SURVIVAL; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE; TIME AB It is widely believed that population outbreaks of the southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.) are caused by vagaries of climate, such as periods of severe drought. According to this view, D. frontalis population dynamics are dominated by density-independent processes. We have statistically analyzed a 30-yr record of D. frontalis activity in east Texas and have assessed the relative roles of density-independent and density-dependent factors in beetle population fluctuations. Regressions of the rate of population change on three climatic variables were not significant. By contrast, both time-series and regression analyses provided strong and consistent evidence for delayed density regulation of D. frontalis populations. Thus, in contrast to previous analyses, we conclude that D. frontalis outbreaks are driven not by stochastic fluctuations of weather, but by some unknown population process acting in a delayed density-dependent manner. This result provides a startling point for a current study that will experimentally test various hypotheses concerning the role of natural enemies in D. frontalis cycles. C1 TEXAS FOREST SERV,LUFKIN,TX 75901. RP TURCHIN, P (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. RI Taylor, Andrew/I-5040-2012 NR 37 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 18 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 401 EP 409 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FH315 UT WOS:A1991FH31500003 ER PT J AU HORTON, DR CHAPMAN, PL CAPINERA, JL AF HORTON, DR CHAPMAN, PL CAPINERA, JL TI DETECTING LOCAL ADAPTATION IN PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS USING REPEATED MEASURES DESIGNS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; LOCAL ADAPTATION; EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN; POWER CURVES ID HOST PLANTS; GENETIC-VARIATION; EUPHYDRYAS-CHALCEDONA; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; ALSOPHILA-POMETARIA; POPULATIONS; PERFORMANCE; BEETLE; LEPIDOPTERA; BUTTERFLIES AB Substantial variation among experimental units may occur in studies that address effects of the host plant on insect performance or preference. Efficiency in demonstrating host effects can be enhanced by recognizing that variation among insects is often important and, more particularly, by using an experimental design appropriate for these conditions. Performance data from studies that address local adaptation in phytophagous insects are often analyzed with a two factor ANOVA, testing for host species, population, and host species x population effects. Local adaptation to different hosts would be indicated by a significant interaction term. Commonly, a completely randomized design is employed. A repeated measures design involving an allocation of siblings across host species can provide considerably more powerful tests on the host x population interaction than a completely randomized design. Allocation of relatives across host species can induce positive correlations among hosts and, depending upon magnitude of correlations, provide conditions suitable for powerful tests of the interaction term. We develop power curves for several patterns of correlation to describe the amount by which the repeated measures design will be more powerful than the completely randomized design. A literature review indicates that conditions appropriate for repeated measures analysis are very common. Finally, we provide an example using two populations of a phytophagous beetle feeding on three plant species, and show that the repeated measures design demonstrates host x population effects missed by the more traditional design. RP HORTON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 410 EP 418 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FH315 UT WOS:A1991FH31500004 ER PT J AU CIBRIANTOVAR, J MITCHELL, ER AF CIBRIANTOVAR, J MITCHELL, ER TI COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR OF HELIOTHIS-SUBFLEXA (GN) (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) AND ASSOCIATED BACKCROSS INSECTS OBTAINED FROM HYBRIDIZATION WITH H-VIRESCENS (F) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HELIOTHIS HYBRID; SEXUAL RESPONSE; PHEROMONE ID SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENTS; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; MOTH; FEMALES; BLENDS; FIELD AB This study describes the courtship behavior sequence under wind tunnel conditions of Heliothis subflexa (Guenee) and selected backcross insects (generations 5 and 6) obtained from hybridization with Heliothis virescens (F.). The rhythmic release of pheromone by H. subflexa, H. virescens and backcross females was correlated with the response rhythm of males. The behavioral courtship sequence of H. subflexa males (P < 0.05) included oriented flight, landing, antennation, attempted copulation, and mating behaviors. Backcross insects did not antennate, but they fully displayed their hairpencils as did males of H. virescens. Factors that increased the probability of successful matings were identified as an acquiescent female, antennating by H. subflexa males, full hairpencil display (backcross males) and the male's ability to clasp the female genitalia. Overall, 63% of H. subflexa and 33% of backcross pairs culminated the courtship sequence with successful mating. The tendency of backcross males to settle down after limited flight activity contributed greatly to the increased proportion of unsuccessful males. RP CIBRIANTOVAR, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 419 EP 426 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FH315 UT WOS:A1991FH31500005 ER PT J AU ALDRICH, JR HOFFMANN, MP KOCHANSKY, JP LUSBY, WR EGER, JE PAYNE, JA AF ALDRICH, JR HOFFMANN, MP KOCHANSKY, JP LUSBY, WR EGER, JE PAYNE, JA TI IDENTIFICATION AND ATTRACTIVENESS OF A MAJOR PHEROMONE COMPONENT FOR NEARCTIC EUSCHISTUS SPP STINK BUGS (HETEROPTERA, PENTATOMIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; PHEROMONE; KAIROMONE; TACHINIDAE ID VARIOLARIUS HETEROPTERA; HEMIPTERA; CORN; GROWTH; SERVUS; YIELD AB Methyl (2E,4Z)-decadienoate was isolated and identified as the major male-specific volatile of Euschistus conspersus, E. tristigmus, E. servus, E. politus, and E. ictericus. In a sixth species, E. obscurus, this ester is a relatively minor male-specific component, with the major component being tentatively identified as methyl 2,6-dimethyltetradecanoate. Females, males, and nymphs of E. conspersus, E. tristigmus, E. servus, and E. politus were significantly attracted to methyl (2E,4Z)-decadienoate in field tests conducted in California and Maryland. Tests in Maryland also demonstrated that parasitic tachinid flies use the Euschistus unsaturated methyl-ester as a host-finding kairomone. It is not yet clear what role minor volatile components of Euschistus play in reproductive isolation. RP ALDRICH, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AGR RES CTR E,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BLDG 467,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 477 EP 483 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FH315 UT WOS:A1991FH31500012 ER PT J AU WELLSO, SG COOLBAUGH, RC HOXIE, RP AF WELLSO, SG COOLBAUGH, RC HOXIE, RP TI EFFECTS OF ANCYMIDOL AND GIBBERELLIC-ACID ON THE RESPONSE OF SUSCEPTIBLE NEWTON AND RESISTANT ABE WINTER-WHEAT INFESTED BY BIOTYPE-E HESSIAN FLIES (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; PLANT GROWTH RETARDANTS; SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES ID FLY DIPTERA AB Susceptible 'Newton' and resistant 'Abe' winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) were infested with larvae of biotype E Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say). Plants and crowns of infested 'Newton' weighted less, were shorter, had fewer tillers, and had significantly less soluble carbohydrates than the control plants. Only the plant height of infested resistant 'Abe' was significantly reduced. This finding was unexpected because avirulent larvae have never been shown to affect the growth of a resistant host. In 'Newton,' only the quantity of sucrose differed between treatments, being significantly greater in the infested than the control plants, although there was a trend for the control plants to have more fructan and less sucrose, glucose, and fructose than the treated plants. No differences were noted in soluble carbohydrates between infested and control 'Abe.' Ancymidol, a plant growth retardant, stunted both wheat cultivars but did not alter resistance in 'Abe.' Gibberellic acid (GA3) reversed ancymidol-induced growth inhibition but did not reverse Hessian fly stunting in 'Newton.' Therefore, stunting of wheat by the Hessian fly and ancymidol treatments appear to involve different biochemical pathways. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP WELLSO, SG (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,USDA ARS,INSECT & WEED RES CONTROL UNIT,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 489 EP 493 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FH315 UT WOS:A1991FH31500014 ER PT J AU ROACH, SH THOMAS, WM AF ROACH, SH THOMAS, WM TI OVERWINTERING AND SPRING EMERGENCE OF 3 COCCINELLID SPECIES IN THE COASTAL-PLAIN OF SOUTH-CAROLINA SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; COCCINELLIDS; OVERWINTERING; HABITATS ID COLEOPTERA AB Overwintering sites and spring emergence periods of three commonly occurring coccinellids were studied from 1984 to 1989 in the upper coastal plain area of South Carolina. In addition, experiments were conducted to determine the influence of temperature and photoperiod upon the feeding activity of overwintering Hippodamia convergens (Guerin-Meneville) when removed from hibernation sites. Feeding activity began shortly after removal from hibernation, increased with increasing temperatures and continued during both the photoperiod and the scotoperiod. Broomsedge, Andropogon virginicum L., was found to be an important overwintering site for H. convergens. Coleomegilla maculata (De Geer) and Coccinella septempunctata L. often shared the same overwintering habitat. Spring emergence of all three species was found to be controlled by temperature and all species began emergence at almost-equal-to 50DD accumulated degree-days, with the emergence period extending from about the first week of March to the middle of April. A tendency for directional flight upon emergence was shown by all three species, with significantly more H. convergens and C. septempunctata flying to the east and south sides of the emergence cages, which was with the prevailing winds during the emergence period. RP ROACH, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON PROD RES UNIT,POB 2131,FLORENCE,SC 29503, USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 540 EP 544 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FH315 UT WOS:A1991FH31500022 ER PT J AU TORCHIO, PF AF TORCHIO, PF TI USE OF OSMIA-LIGNARIA-PROPINQUA (HYMENOPTERA, MEGACHILIDAE) AS A MOBILE POLLINATOR OF ORCHARD CROPS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; OSMIA-LIGNARIA-PROPINQUA; ORIENTATION; DISPERSAL ID UNITED-STATES CROPS; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; APPLE ORCHARDS; ALMOND ORCHARDS; CRESSON HYMENOPTERA; HONEY BEES AB The development of intensive agricultural practices in areas that include cross-pollinated crops requires the introduction of large numbers of pollinating insects only during short flowering periods. The pollination efficacy of one pollinator, Osmia lignaria propinqua Cresson, would be greatly improved if nesting populations could be successfully transported from crop to crop. Results of a 5-yr study that was focused on this subject are summarized as follows. Two studies involved moving individual nest blocks various distances within orchards, two additional experiments tested the possibility of moving bees nesting in small nest shelters greater distances during active nesting periods, and one study tested transport of bees nesting in large nest shelters constructed on flat-bed trailers. All of the transported bees in the first four experiments abandoned established nests immediately after they were moved, and none of these bees reestablished nesting within the confines of experimental plots. Conversely, > 85% of females nesting in trailer-shelters continued to nest uninterruptedly after these large nest shelters were moved. Two additional Osmia species were also successfully transported when these large trailer-shelters were moved. A short discussion of nest orientation requirements expressed by Osmia is included. RP TORCHIO, PF (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BEE BIOL & SYSTEMAT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 590 EP 596 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FH315 UT WOS:A1991FH31500029 ER PT J AU LIQUIDO, NJ AF LIQUIDO, NJ TI FRUIT ON THE GROUND AS A RESERVOIR OF RESIDENT MELON FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) POPULATIONS IN PAPAYA ORCHARDS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DACUS; SANITATION; SUPPRESSION ID HAWAIIAN PAPAYAS; INFESTATION; ISLANDS AB I compared the density and infestation rate of melon fly (Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett) in papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruits on the ground and on trees and correlated the density and level of melon fly infestation in fruits with the relative density of adults in papaya orchards. Melon fly larval density was significantly higher in papaya fruits on the ground than on trees. The relative density of melon fly adults in the orchard correlated significantly with larval density in fallen fruits, but not with larval density in tree fruits. In addition, the number of adults in the orchard had a higher significant correlation with the melon fly percentage infestation in fruits on the ground than with the melon fly percentage infestation in tree fruits. Results suggest that papaya fruits left on the ground serve as a major breeding site and, thus, as a reservoir of resident (non-immigrant) melon fly population in papaya growing areas of Hawaii. Sanitation (removal of fallen fruits) should be an integral component of control methods aimed at managing melon fly population in papaya orchards. RP LIQUIDO, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL & CONTROL RES UNIT,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,POB 4459,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 620 EP 625 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FH315 UT WOS:A1991FH31500034 ER PT J AU KRYSAN, JL HORTON, DR AF KRYSAN, JL HORTON, DR TI SEASONALITY OF CATCH OF PEAR PSYLLA CACOPSYLLA-PYRICOLA (HOMOPTERA, PSYLLIDAE) ON YELLOW TRAPS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; PHENOLOGY; COLOR RESPONSE; CACOPSYLLA-PYRICOLA ID PLANTS AB Sampling of summer form and winter form pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster), was undertaken during four years and in two orchards using three methods: yellow sticky traps, clear sticky traps, and beating tray (limb jar techniques). Catches on yellow and clear sticky traps were positively correlated; correlations between trap catches and beating tray numbers tended to be nonsignificant. Catch of summer forms and fall populations of winter forms was much greater on yellow traps than on clear traps. In early spring (before bud berak) clear traps captured as many or more psylla than yellow traps; but yellow traps caught far more psylla as green tissue appeared on pear trees. Differences in numbers caught on the two colors were larger for traps hung at the higher of two heights; however, in percentage terms (percentage of total captures occurring on yellow), no position effects were noted. Catches of spring populations of winter forms on sticky traps were highly biased toward male psylla. Similar trends in sex ratio bias were noted for the earliest spring beating tray samples; male bias decreased on successive sampling dates. RP KRYSAN, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 626 EP 634 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FH315 UT WOS:A1991FH31500035 ER PT J AU GRODOWITZ, MJ STEWART, RM COFRANCESCO, AF AF GRODOWITZ, MJ STEWART, RM COFRANCESCO, AF TI POPULATION-DYNAMICS OF WATER-HYACINTH AND THE BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT NEOCHETINA-EICHHORNIAE (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) AT A SOUTHEAST TEXAS LOCATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CURCULIONIDAE; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; WATER-HYACINTH AB Population dynamics of waterhyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes ((Martinus) Solms-Laubach), and a biological control agent, the weevil Neochetina eichhorniae (Warner), were quantified at a site in Wallisville, Tex., during 1987 and 1988. A decline of waterhyacinth occurred that was most pronounced during the 1988 growing season. Changes included decreases in (1) living above water biomass/m2 (almost-equal-to -57%), (2) living below water biomass/m2 (almost-equal-to -39%), (3) number of living leaves/plant (almost-equal-to -50%), and (4) weight/plant (-40%). Associated with these decreases was a 1.5-fold increase in plant density. The waterhyacinth was severely damaged by N. eichhorniae. Highest numbers of N. eichhorniae adults (> 55 weevils/m2) occurred in samples collected 15 September 1987. Decreases in the number of weevils for both sexes followed. Declines approached 8 weevils/m2 per month for the following 5 mo. Numbers of pupae per square meter decreased during 1987 by 7.3 pupae/m2 per month. Larval density increased during the winter months with highest larval density noted during December and January. This peak was followed by decreases in third instars of almost-equal-to 80%. Increases in the number of adults and third instars occurred during the 1988 growing season, however, pupal density remained low (near 0) thereafter. Environmental factors that contributed to the waterhyacinth declines included a drought, nutrient conditions, intermittent freezing temperatures, as well as sustained N. eichhorniae herbivory. RP GRODOWITZ, MJ (reprint author), USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,USDA ARS,AQUAT PLANT MANAGEMENT LAB,WATERWAYS EXPT,VICKSBURG,MS 39180, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 652 EP 660 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FH315 UT WOS:A1991FH31500038 ER PT J AU LATHEEF, MA LOPEZ, JD WITZ, JA AF LATHEEF, MA LOPEZ, JD WITZ, JA TI REPRODUCTIVE CONDITION OF FEMALE CORN-EARWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) MOTHS FROM SWEEP NET AND BLACKLIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS IN CORN SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; REPRODUCTIVE CONDITIONS; SAMPLING ID WALLENGREN LEPIDOPTERA; BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; CATCHES; COTTON; HUBNER AB The reproductive conditions of female corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), moths caught in blacklight (BL) traps and those captured in sweep nets in corn during 1988 and 1989 were compared. There was no significant difference in mean number of spermatophores per female between moths captured in sweep nets and those caught in BL traps. Number of spermatophores averaged 2.2 per female. The pattern in the number of spermatophores per female over time in corn earworm moths caught in BL traps closely approximated that of females captured in sweep nets. The pattern of change in sex ratio in corn earworm moth catches in BL traps closely approximated that of moths captured in sweep nets, with some exceptions. Profiles describing relative number of chorionated eggs and amount of fat were similar in moths collected by sweep nets and those caught in BL traps. Data indicate that catches in BL traps may be used as an alternative to nocturnal sampling of adults with sweep nets for describing the reproductive condition of female corn earworm moths in corn. RP LATHEEF, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PEST CONTROL & APPLICAT SYST TECHNOL RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 736 EP 741 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FH315 UT WOS:A1991FH31500051 ER PT J AU BRUCKNER, PL RAYMER, PL BURTON, GW AF BRUCKNER, PL RAYMER, PL BURTON, GW TI RECURRENT PHENOTYPIC SELECTION FOR FORAGE YIELD IN RYE SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE SECALE-CEREALE; RYE; GRID SELECTION; FORAGE YIELD ID HONEYCOMB AB Little progress has been made in the past 20 years in improvement of rye (Secale cereale L.) forage yields. In 1985, a recurrent phenotypic selection procedure was initiated to improve forage yield of 'Wrens Abruzzi' (WAL-Cycle 0) rye. The selection procedure included visual selection of spaced plants, grid selection, maintenance of a relatively large population size, bi-parental selection, a one-year cycle interval, and intermating of selected plants in isolation. Cycle four of selection in the WAL population was completed in 1989. Experiments were conducted from 1987 to 1990 to evaluate progress from selection over the first four selection cycles and quantify the association between visual forage potential ratings and fresh plant weight. Wrens Abruzzi rye and Cycle 1, 2, 3, and 4 populations were evaluated over a 2 year period in space-plant population progress trials at Tifton, GA. Wrens Abruzzi was evaluated in comparison to WAL-C1 (9 environments), WAL-C2 (18 env.), WAL-C3 (16 env.), WAL-C4 (5 env.) and rye check cultivars in small-plot clipping trials in a set of 36 southern U.S. environments. Spaced-plant evaluation indicated forage yield gais of 6 to 7% per cycle with little change in population variation. In seeded small-plot clipping evaluations WAL-C1, WAL-C2, and WAL-C3 produced similar or slightly higher forage yields as WAL-C0, but WAL-C4 produced 9 to 12% higher forage yields than WAL-C0. Available data from WAL-Cycles 1 to 4 indicates that forage yield gains in small-plot evaluation are 2 to 3% per cycle. High positive correlations between visual plant potential ratings and plant fresh weights indicate that visual selection is effective in identifying high-yielding rye phenotypes. C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP BRUCKNER, PL (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD APR PY 1991 VL 54 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1007/BF00145625 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FR275 UT WOS:A1991FR27500002 ER PT J AU BURNER, DM AF BURNER, DM TI CYTOGENETIC ANALYSES OF SUGARCANE RELATIVES (ANDROPOGONEAE, SACCHARINAE) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE CHROMOSOME PAIRING; ERIANTHUS; GERMPLASM CHARACTERIZATION; MEIOSIS; MISCANTHUS; NARENGA-PORPHYROCOMA; SACCHARUM AB Meiosis was studied in 31 wild Saccharum relatives, including Erianthus (8 clones), Miscanthus (5 clones), Narenga prophyrocoma (1 clone), S. robustum (3 clones), and S. spontaneum (14 clones). Chromosome number for 18 clones confirmed published counts or was typical of the particular species. Chromosome number for seven clones (Djatiroto 2n = 58, Molokai 5099 2n = 80, SES 84/58 2n = 58, SES 114 2n = 64, SES 260 2n = 64, Taiwan 100 2n = 112, and US 57-11-2 2n = 60) differed from published counts (2n = 112, 86-100, 64, 60, 60, 96, and 30, respectively). Counts were obtained for the first time for six clones (Local escape 2n = 96, Nepal 2n = 72, NG 77-77 2n = 108-112, NG 77-199 2n = 166, US 57-60-2 2n = 20, and US 68-1-4 2n = 38). Bivalent chromosome pairing predominated in all clones. Meiotic irregularity (numeric aberrations, univalents, multivalents, and telophase II micronuclei) tended to be associated with taxonomic grouping and level of polyploidy. Clones in Erianthus, Miscanthus, and Narenga were apparent euploids (2n = 20-60) and tended to have fewer meiotic irregularities than Saccharum clones. Differences in level of meiotic stability among taxonomic groups may reflect error in chromsome association and synapsis associted with high chromsome number. RP BURNER, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD APR PY 1991 VL 54 IS 1 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1007/BF00145639 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA FR275 UT WOS:A1991FR27500016 ER PT J AU HUSSEY, MA BASHAW, EC HIGNIGHT, KW DAHMER, ML AF HUSSEY, MA BASHAW, EC HIGNIGHT, KW DAHMER, ML TI INFLUENCE OF PHOTOPERIOD ON THE FREQUENCY OF SEXUAL EMBRYO SACS IN FACULTATIVE APOMICTIC BUFFELGRASS SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE PENNISETUM-CILIARE; BUFFELGRASS; APOMIXIS; DAY LENGTH; GRASS BREEDING; METHOD OF REPRODUCTION; SEASONAL REPRODUCTIVE CHANGES ID APOMIXIS; PLANTS AB The frequency at which sexual embryo sacs occur in some facultatively apomictic species is influenced by photoperiod. This research was conducted to study changes in the frequency of sexual embryo sacs (SES) in field-grown accessions of buffelgrass [Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link] and to determine the influence of photoperiod on the expression of sexuality under controlled environmental conditions. In a 3-yr field study, mean frequency of SES collected from two facultative buffelgrass accessions (PI 409266 and 409277) ranged from 2.5 to 8.6 percent. Within each year, the greatest number of SES were observed during spring and summer, while a reduction in SES occurred during the late summer and early fall. Under controlled environmental conditions equal numbers of SES were observed from plants grown at 8, 12, and 16 h. For the two facultative accessions of buffelgrass examined in this study, it was concluded that no relationship existed between photoperiod and frequency of SES under either field or controlled environmental conditions. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP HUSSEY, MA (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD APR PY 1991 VL 54 IS 2 BP 141 EP 145 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA GB353 UT WOS:A1991GB35300002 ER PT J AU LO, D PURSEL, V LINTON, PJ SANDGREN, E BEHRINGER, R REXROAD, C PALMITER, RD BRINSTER, RL AF LO, D PURSEL, V LINTON, PJ SANDGREN, E BEHRINGER, R REXROAD, C PALMITER, RD BRINSTER, RL TI EXPRESSION OF MOUSE IGA BY TRANSGENIC MICE, PIGS AND SHEEP SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALLELIC EXCLUSION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-MU; KAPPA-GENES; REARRANGEMENT; ANTIBODIES AB The development of transgenic animal technology allows the introduction of desired traits into the germ line of mice and other animals. Since the production of antibody to various polysaccharide antigens can be protective against pathogenic bacteria, we generated transgenic mice, sheep and pigs carrying genes encoding the mouse alpha and kappa chains for antibodies against phosphorylcholine (PC) to determine whether transgene antibody might be used to influence susceptibility to disease. High serum levels of mouse IgA were detected in transgenic mice and pigs but not in transgenic sheep. It has been noted that transgene immunoglobulin expression can suppress endogenous immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and expression, and indeed, in one mouse line, expression of the transgene resulted in < 10% of spleen B cells expressing endogenous IgM. Despite this suppression, significant levels of endogenous IgM were still secreted into the serum. Suppression of endogenous IgM expression was not seen in other mouse lines, nor was it seen in transgenic pigs. In the transgenic pigs, the mouse IgA was detected in the serum despite the absence of an intact mouse kappa transgene, so the secreted antibody presumably included pig light chains. Little if any of the mouse IgA in these sera showed binding specificity for PC. In one of the founder sheep, mouse IgA was detectable in peripheral lymphocytes but not in serum. Mouse kappa expression was not detected in the transgenic sheep harboring an intact kappa transgene. These results illustrate the potential of introducing beneficial traits such as germ-line-encoded immunity into large mammalian species. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT BIOCHEM, HOWARD HUGHES MED INST, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. UNIV PENN, SCH VET MED, REPROD PHYSIOL LAB, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP LO, D (reprint author), SCRIPPS RES INST, DEPT IMMUNOL, IM4, 10666 N TORREY PINES RD, LA JOLLA, CA 92037 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 25366]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD 09172, HD 19018] NR 8 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 21 IS 4 BP 1001 EP 1006 DI 10.1002/eji.1830210421 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA FJ284 UT WOS:A1991FJ28400020 PM 2019284 ER PT J AU HILBURN, LR DAVEY, RB GEORGE, JE POUND, JM AF HILBURN, LR DAVEY, RB GEORGE, JE POUND, JM TI NONRANDOM MATING BETWEEN BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS AND HYBRIDS OF B-MICROPLUS FEMALES AND B-ANNULATUS MALES, AND ITS POSSIBLE EFFECT ON STERILE MALE HYBRID CONTROL RELEASES SO EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article AB When Boophilus microplus and Type-II hybrids (B. microplus females x B. annulatus males) were released simultaneously onto bovine hosts, mating between the two forms appeared not to be at random. There were more contypic and fewer intertypic matings than predicted under an assumption of panmixia. An examination of the patterns of matings revealed that more of the matings on the first two days of detachment were between the two sexes of B. microplus. Engorged females dropping on the last four days of maximum female detachment were predominantly hybrids mated to both B. microplus and hybrid males. The non-random mating pattern does not appear to be caused by assortative mating between B. microplus and Type-II hybrids, but because the B. microplus were competent to mate two days before the hybrids and the B. microplus males compete for mates of both types better than the Type-II males. RP HILBURN, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,KERRVILLE,TX 78029, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 11 IS 1 BP 23 EP 36 DI 10.1007/BF01193726 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FL791 UT WOS:A1991FL79100003 PM 1860415 ER PT J AU JENKINS, MC AUGUSTINE, PC BARTA, JR CASTLE, MD DANFORTH, HD AF JENKINS, MC AUGUSTINE, PC BARTA, JR CASTLE, MD DANFORTH, HD TI DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE TO COCCIDIOSIS IN THE ABSENCE OF MEROGONIC DEVELOPMENT USING X-IRRADIATED EIMERIA-ACERVULINA OOCYSTS SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COCCIDIA; X-IRRADIATION; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; INTRACELLULAR DEVELOPMENT; MCAB, MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; PBS, PHOSPHATE-BUFFERED SALINE; PCK, PRIMARY CHICK KIDNEY; UIC, UNIMMUNIZED CHALLENGED; UIUC, UNIMMUNIZED UNCHALLENGED ID SPOROZOITES; TENELLA; IMMUNIZATION; CHICKENS; IMMUNITY; MAXIMA RP JENKINS, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 72 IS 3 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1016/0014-4894(91)90148-P PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA FH405 UT WOS:A1991FH40500008 PM 2015867 ER PT J AU RAO, ACS RAO, IVS AF RAO, ACS RAO, IVS TI INVESTIGATIONS ON CROP RESPONSES TO APPLIED PHOSPHORUS IN SEMIARID VERTISOLS OF INDIA SO FERTILIZER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE VERTISOLS; INDIAN BLACK SOILS; RESPONSE TO APPLIED PHOSPHORUS; P-FIXATION IN SOILS AB Pot studies were conducted to investigate the reasons for the lack of response to applied phosphorus (P) in six representative vertisols of semi-arid tropical regions of India having low available P status (2.8 to 7 ppm P). Studies with pearl millet and sorghum as test crops in two different seasons showed that these two crops responded significantly to the applied phosphorus in all the soils. The optimum P doses worked out from the regression of harvested biomass or grain on P doses, were found to be mostly above 27 ppm P in the range of 0 to 44 ppm P tried. The requirement of high doses of P for optimum yields was attributable to high P fixation capacities of these soils ranging from 43 to 75%. Regression analysis showed that P uptake by both the crops was significantly influenced by pH and P fixation capacity of the soils besides the applied and soil P. The differences between superphosphate and diammonium phosphate as sources of P were not consistent over crops or soils. Two consecutive applications of P resulted in marginal or no build up of soils' available P. Suggestions to manage the P fertilization problem of the semi-arid tropical vertisols on field scale were also made. RP RAO, ACS (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,215 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1731 J9 FERT RES JI Fertil. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 28 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1007/BF01048853 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FJ793 UT WOS:A1991FJ79300004 ER PT J AU BURTON, JW AF BURTON, JW TI RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN BREEDING SOYBEANS FOR IMPROVED OIL QUALITY SO FETT WISSENSCHAFT TECHNOLOGIE-FAT SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 46TH MEETING OF THE DEUTSCHE-GESELLSCHAFT-FUR-FETTWISSENSCHAFT CY SEP 26, 1990 CL NURNBERG, FED REP GER SP DEUT GESELL FETTWISSENSCH ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; LOW LINOLENIC ACID; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; A6-GERMPLASM LINE; HIGH-STEARATE; NULL-ALLELE; SEED OIL; INHERITANCE; REGISTRATION; MUTANTS AB Soybean breeding has traditionally focused on improving crop productivity. While this is still the main objective of soybean breeding programs, there is increased emphasis on improving the intrinsic characteristics of the seeds. Breeding goals with respect to oil quality improvement have been threefold: (1) reducing lipoxygenase activity, (2) decreasing linolenic acid concentrations in soybean oil and more recently (3) reducing the saturated fatty acid, palmitate, in soybean oil. The first two are aimed at improving oil flavor and shelf life. The third has been added as a result of medical concerns about excess saturated fats in the human diet. Considerable progress has been made toward achieving all three objectives. Improved soybean germ-plasm has been released and is being used to develop high yielding cultivars improved oil quality. Null alleles for three lipoxygenase isozymes have been transferred into the cultivar 'Century' through backcrossing. Three different germplasm sources have been developed through mutagenesis and selection with low concentrations of linolenic acid (3.0 to 3.5 %). This material has been released and is being widely used by public and private breeders to incorporate the low linolenic acid trait into high yielding cultivars. Cultivars with 2 % germplasm with lower concentrations of palmitic acid have also been publicly released. Those materials can reduce the palmitic acid in soybean oil by as much as 50 %. In the U.S., soybean oil accounts for about 50 % of the palmitic acid in diets. Therefore, reducing palmitic acid in soybean oil could significantly decrease saturated fat consumption without dietary change. Other research in progress includes studies of the genetic inheritance and control oil quality traits and efforts to use molecular genetics to improve oil quality. RP BURTON, JW (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU KONRADIN INDUSTRIEVERLAG GMBH PI LEINFELDEN-ECHTERDINGEN PA ERNST-MEY-STR 8, 70771 LEINFELDEN-ECHTERDINGEN, GERMANY SN 0931-5985 J9 FETT WISS TECHNOL JI Fett Wiss. Technol.-Fat Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 93 IS 4 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1002/lipi.19910930402 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FM657 UT WOS:A1991FM65700002 ER PT J AU TOBEY, JA AF TOBEY, JA TI THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL-POLICY TOWARDS AGRICULTURE ON TRADE - SOME CONSIDERATIONS SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article AB A growing awareness of environmental problems associated with agricultural production has led to the consideration, and in many cases the introduction, of more stringent environmental controls across industrialized countries. In theory, countries that introduce costly environmental regulations should experience a reduction in their international trade competitiveness in polluting commodities. In contrast, countries that fail to undertake an environmental protection programme presumably increase their export market share in the production of items that damage the environment. This Viewpoint investigates these potential agricultural trade effects and suggests that they are likely to be quite modest. RP TOBEY, JA (reprint author), USDA,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,ROOM 508,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD APR PY 1991 VL 16 IS 2 BP 90 EP 94 DI 10.1016/0306-9192(91)90001-Z PG 5 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA FE364 UT WOS:A1991FE36400001 ER PT J AU KRISSOFF, B TRAPIDO, P AF KRISSOFF, B TRAPIDO, P TI FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL POLICY REFORM - THE CASE OF VENEZUELA SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article AB Venezuela has recently taken steps towards reducing government intervention in agriculture. Based on simulation experiments, this article finds that agricultural policy reform leads to greater dependence on imports of corn and sorghum, but production and exports of ruminant and non-ruminant meats increased because of higher output prices. Overall, producers benefit from sector-specific and macroeconomic policy liberalization. In addition, government budgetary pressures are ameliorated but consumers bear significant cost increases. The results indicate that the effects of Venezuelan agricultural reform would be further enhanced by world agricultural trade liberalization. C1 AMER DEV BANK,WASHINGTON,DC 20057. RP KRISSOFF, B (reprint author), USDA,DIV AGR & TRADE ANAL,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD APR PY 1991 VL 16 IS 2 BP 140 EP 151 DI 10.1016/0306-9192(91)90006-6 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA FE364 UT WOS:A1991FE36400006 ER PT J AU BUCHANAN, RL AF BUCHANAN, RL TI MICROBIOLOGICAL CRITERIA FOR COOKED, READY-TO-EAT SHRIMP AND CRABMEAT SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT BIOTECHNOLOGICAL DIVISION SYMP AT THE 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE INST OF FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS CY JUN 16-20, 1990 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS, DIV BIOTECHNOL ID SEAFOOD PRODUCTS; QUALITY; FRESH RP BUCHANAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 45 IS 4 BP 157 EP 160 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA FF158 UT WOS:A1991FF15800013 ER PT J AU WEST, CD SINCLAIR, SA AF WEST, CD SINCLAIR, SA TI TECHNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE WOOD HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE INDUSTRY SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL UNCERTAINTY; INNOVATION; POLICY AB Implementation of state-of-the-art technologies is one strategy to increase a firm's competitive position. Innovative manufacturing technologies have the potential to improve product quality, reduce manufacturing costs, and/or provide better customer service. The U.S. wood household furniture industry currently faces stiff competition from abroad. In 1986, imports claimed 22.6 percent of consumption. U.S. furniture producers have been criticized for failing to implement new processing technologies that have the potential to improve their competitive situation. This paper evaluates the technological situation within this industry through primary data collection on technology adoption and equipment purchase plans. Respondents listed recent finish machining equipment purchases as providing them with the most important benefits of increased efficiency and product quality. Almost 50 percent of this equipment was numerically controlled (NC) or computer numerically controlled (CNC). The functional areas of finish machining and the roughmill will receive the majority of new equipment over the next 5 years with NC and CNC equipment increasing in importance over time. Foreign suppliers were listed as the most likely source for this type of equipment. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP WEST, CD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,RT 2,BOX 562-B,PRINCETON,WV 24740, USA. RI Schuster, Gerd/F-3660-2011 NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1991 VL 41 IS 4 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FH439 UT WOS:A1991FH43900001 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, RB WISDOM, HW AF ANDERSON, RB WISDOM, HW TI WOOD PALLET INVENTORY ESTIMATION FOR THE GROCERY DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SALES AB A stock adjustment model was tested for its accuracy in estimating the quantity of wood pallets in use in the grocery industry. The grocery pallet, or 48 by 4O GMA as it is known in the industry, represents an inventory investment of over $700 million by the grocery distribution industry. Pallets in this inventory have a reported average life of less than 2 years and therefore must be replaced on a regular basis. The changing needs of the grocery industry, as identified by pallet and grocery industry association surveys, require that the volume and distribution of grocery pallet inventories be identified more explicitly and frequently than in the past. The stock adjustment model was shown to provide a consistent estimate of pallet inventory levels. The model also provides a new approach to estimating the market requirements for new grocery pallets on a national level; but, most importantly, this approach can be extended to estimating new pallet demand on both a regional and individual market level. These results provide a new application of existing methodology for identifying the wood products needs of the grocery industry as well as determining the magnitude and location of pallet demand. The procedure has the potential to be extended to other intermediate wood products markets to provide an assessment of natural resource requirements, which will benefit manufacturers as well as users of these products. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP ANDERSON, RB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,RT 2,BOX 562-B,PRINCETON,WV 24740, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1991 VL 41 IS 4 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FH439 UT WOS:A1991FH43900002 ER PT J AU HARLESS, TEG WAGNER, FG STEELE, PH TAYLOR, FW YADAMA, V MCMILLIN, CW AF HARLESS, TEG WAGNER, FG STEELE, PH TAYLOR, FW YADAMA, V MCMILLIN, CW TI METHODOLOGY FOR LOCATING DEFECTS WITHIN HARDWOOD LOGS AND DETERMINING THEIR IMPACT ON LUMBER-VALUE YIELD SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INDUSTRIAL TOMOGRAPHY; WOOD AB A precise research methodology is described by which internal log-defect locations may help select hardwood log orientation and sawing procedure to improve lumber value. Procedures for data collection, data handling, simulated sawing, and data analysis are described. A single test log verified the methodology. Results from this log showed significant differences in lumber-value yield due to circumferential log orientation and sawing method. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22313. RP HARLESS, TEG (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI FOREST PROD UTILIZAT LAB,POB FP,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 51 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1991 VL 41 IS 4 BP 25 EP 30 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FH439 UT WOS:A1991FH43900003 ER PT J AU GROOM, LH AF GROOM, LH TI EFFECT OF ADHESIVE APPLIED TO THE TOOTH-WOOD INTERFACE ON METAL-PLATE CONNECTIONS LOADED IN TENSION SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB The structural behavior of metal-plate connections (MPCs) is affected not only by the isolated properties of the adjoining wood members and metal plate but also by the interfacial region between individual teeth and the surrounding wood. This study looked at maintaining a good interface by applying an epoxy adhesive to metal-plate teeth immediately preceding joint assembly. Addition of an adhesive layer between the teeth and wood substantially increased MPC stifness, critical slip, and ultimate load for tensile specimens. RP GROOM, LH (reprint author), USDA,SO FOREST EXPT STN,2500 SHREVEPORT HWY,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1991 VL 41 IS 4 BP 33 EP 35 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FH439 UT WOS:A1991FH43900005 ER PT J AU HARPOLE, GB DEGROOT, RC VICK, CB AF HARPOLE, GB DEGROOT, RC VICK, CB TI PROJECTED COSTS FOR TREATING WOOD PALLETS TO IMPART CHEMICAL-RESISTANCE SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This report presents estimated costs for treating wood pallets for resistance to chemicals. Preliminary assessments indicate that wood pallets can be produced at a cost competitive with that of nonwood pallets. RP HARPOLE, GB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1991 VL 41 IS 4 BP 36 EP 38 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FH439 UT WOS:A1991FH43900006 ER PT J AU LUPPOLD, WG THOMAS, RE AF LUPPOLD, WG THOMAS, RE TI A REVISED EXAMINATION OF HARDWOOD LUMBER EXPORTS TO THE PACIFIC RIM SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Asian exports were one of the most frequently discussed components of the hardwood lumber market in the 1980s. Much of this attention was the result of the apparent growth in Asian exports from 22 to 414 million board feet (MMBF) between 1980 and 1988. However, findings indicate that 1988 exports were only 208 MMBF or nearly one-half of the officially reported volume. The inflated value of prior export estimates was the result of problems in U.S. Department of Commerce computer programs that screened and compiled export statistics, combined with incorrect filing of export declarations. Fortunately, most of the problems causing hardwood lumber exports to be overestimated were corrected in May 1989. This paper explains how prior estimates of hardwood lumber exports came to be in error, presents a new set of hardwood lumber export figures developed from ship manifests, and compares the new estimates against lumber import statistics of major Asian markets. RP LUPPOLD, WG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PRINCETON,WV 24740, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1991 VL 41 IS 4 BP 45 EP 48 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FH439 UT WOS:A1991FH43900008 ER PT J AU STEELE, PH WAGNER, FG LIN, YN SKOG, KE AF STEELE, PH WAGNER, FG LIN, YN SKOG, KE TI INFLUENCE OF SOFTWOOD SAWMILL SIZE ON LUMBER RECOVERY SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Census data show a trend of larger sawmills replacing small sawmills over the last three decades. Past research indicates that, on average, larger sawmills may have a higher conversion efficiency of logs to lumber. This fact has not been accounted for in past timber supply and demand projections. The authors developed a simultaneous equation model for estimating lumber recovery factor as a function of sawing and resource variables. These variables were simultaneously estimated as a function of region and sawmill size as represented by annual lumber production in board feet. Sawing variables and the resource variable, average log length, were significantly related to the magnitude of annual sawmill production. Signs of the coefficients of annual production in the simultaneous equations showed that larger sawmills were more efficient in converting logs to lumber with the exception that sawmills of the very highest annual production showed decreased conversion efficiency. Average regional values of all explanatory variables tested are provided. These can be used to estimate values of left-hand side variables when changes occur in values of explanatory variables. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP STEELE, PH (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI FOREST PROD UTIL LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 1991 VL 41 IS 4 BP 68 EP 73 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA FH439 UT WOS:A1991FH43900013 ER PT J AU MILLER, SS AF MILLER, SS TI APPLE CULTIVARS - CURRENT SITUATION AND TRENDS AROUND THE WORLD AN INTRODUCTION SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP MILLER, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD APR PY 1991 VL 45 IS 2 BP 75 EP 76 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FJ871 UT WOS:A1991FJ87100004 ER PT J AU FROELIGER, EH LEONG, SA AF FROELIGER, EH LEONG, SA TI THE A-MATING-TYPE ALLELES OF USTILAGO-MAYDIS ARE IDIOMORPHS SO GENE LA English DT Article DE CORN SMUT FUNGUS; PLANT PATHOLOGY; BASIDIOMYCETE; DNA TRANSFORMATION; RESTRICTION MAPS; PHAGE VECTORS; PACKAGING ID B-LOCUS; MUTATION; GENE; HYBRIDIZATION; NEUROSPORA; CLONING; DNA AB Two unlinked incompatibility loci, a and b, control mating, pathogenicity, and sexual development in Ustilago maydis, a fungal pathogen of corn. Fusion of nonpathogenic haploid cells occurs when alleles of the a locus differ; fusion products that differ at the b locus will be pathogenic and complete sexual development. The two alleles of the a locus have been cloned. The a2 allele was isolated by exploiting the close linkage of the a locus to the genetic marker pan1. Several cosmids from a clonal a2 mating-type library allowed, via DNA-mediated transformation, an a1 mating type, pan1-1 auxotrophic recipient to grow prototrophically on medium lacking pantothenic acid. Cosmids containing functional a2 mating-type regions were identified by their ability to confer a2 mating behavior to the a1 recipient strain. The a1 allele was isolated from a plasmid library using DNA from the a2 region as a hybridization probe. The isolated clones contain a1 or a2 mating-type specificity as demonstrated by a plate mating assay, by pathogenicity tests on corn, and by gene replacement experiments. The a1 and a2 mating-type clones contain nonhomologous DNA segments that are flanked by similar nucleotide (nt) sequences. Restriction fragments containing a mating-type function are embedded within the nonhomologous DNA segments. U. maydis contains a single copy of either the a1 or a2 mating-type sequence within each haploid genome. This structural organization demonstrates that the a mating-type alleles of U. maydis are idiomorphs sensu Metzenberg and Glass (1990), nt sequences mapping to the same genetic locus that share no obvious evolutionary relationship. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT DIS RESISTANCE RES UNIT,1630 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. RI Leong, Sally /I-8550-2012 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1 R01 GM33716] NR 28 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD APR PY 1991 VL 100 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90356-G PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA FV373 UT WOS:A1991FV37300014 PM 2055462 ER PT J AU JAUHAR, PP AF JAUHAR, PP TI HYBRID BETWEEN DURUM-WHEAT AND DIPLOID THINOPYRUM-BESSARABICUM SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE INTERGENERIC HYBRID; CHROMOSOME PAIRING; GENOME RELATIONSHIP; TRITICUM; PH1 PAIRING REGULATOR ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS; AGROPYRON-JUNCEUM; SALT TOLERANCE AB Gross morphological features and chromosome association of the first triploid intergeneric hybrid (2n = 3x = 21; ABJ genomes) between durum wheat, Triticum turgidum L. (2n = 4x = 28; AABB), and diploid wheatgrass, Thinopyrum bessarabicum (Savul. & Rayss) A. Love (2n = 2x = 14; JJ), are described. Genome relationships are assessed in the presence of the pairing homoeologous gene, Phl. The hybrid was intermediate in phenotype between the two parents. It inherited the tillering habit, perennial growth habit, and glaucous leaves and stems from the male Thinopyrum parent; spike density and awns of wheat were partially expressed. An average of 13.67% of the chromosome complement paired in metaphase I cells of the hybrid. Mean chromosome associations were 0.07 III + 0.03 ring II + 1.30 rod II + 18.13 I and 1.51 chiasmata per cell, with a mean arm-pairing frequency, c, of 0.107. Because chromosomes of the A and B genomes show very little pairing with each other in the polyhaploids of T. turgidum, it was inferred that most of the bivalents in the hybrid were formed between chromosomes of the A and J and (or) B and J genomes, a welcome feature from the breeding standpoint. Trivalent frequency, albeit low, further indicated intergenomic pairing among A, B, and J. Associations between wheat and Thinopyrum chromosomes may permit intergeneric transfer of genes, which may be accelerated by the use of the phlc phlc homoeologous pairing mutant of durum wheat. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 1991 VL 34 IS 2 BP 283 EP 287 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA FJ249 UT WOS:A1991FJ24900017 ER PT J AU BLANK, RR FOSBERG, MA AF BLANK, RR FOSBERG, MA TI DURIPANS OF IDAHO, USA - INSITU ALTERATION OF EOLIAN DUST (LOESS) TO AN OPAL-A/X-RAY AMORPHOUS PHASE SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article ID SILICIFICATION; REPLACEMENT; CARBONATES; NEVADA; SILICA; SOILS AB Micromorphological techniques were used to study the silicification process in a wide range of duripans from Idaho, U.S.A. Investigations indicated that, once loess was incorporated into a carbonate-rich pan, it was altered, in situ to an opal-A/X-ray amorphous phase. Loess became incorporated by at least two pathways, each of which had a distinctive micromorphic signature. The first pathway began immediately above the duripan as calcite encapsulated eolian materials to create sand-sized loess agglomerates, Incorporation was completed either as the upward-developing duripan enveloped the agglomerates or as they filled fractures in the duripans and were subsequently cemented by calcite. After encasement of the loess agglomerates within the duripan, aluminosilicate minerals were embayed by reaction with the calcareous soil solution. The most altered loess agglomerates consisted of opal-A, X-ray amorphous material, and calcite. The second pathway was initiated when fractures in the duripan were filled by eolian dust to create pedotubules. The tops of pedotubules had a fabric similar to unaltered loess (silasepic plasmic); however, the bottoms of pedotubules were invariably altered to a microgranular array of opal-A and calcite. Impetus for alteration appears to have been high pH, created by closed-system conditions, combined with increased surface free energy of minerals caused by elevated grain-to-grain pressures, which led to enhanced solubility of aluminosilicate minerals. The incorporation of loess and its subsequent alteration may be an important process in the silicification of calcareous pans. C1 UNIV IDAHO,COLL AGR,DEPT PLANT SOILS & ENTOMOL SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP BLANK, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,LANDSCAPE ECOL RANGELANDS UNIT,920 VALLEY RD,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD APR PY 1991 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 149 DI 10.1016/0016-7061(91)90012-I PG 19 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA FK931 UT WOS:A1991FK93100011 ER PT J AU MAKUS, DJ GONZALEZ, AR AF MAKUS, DJ GONZALEZ, AR TI PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF WHITE ASPARAGUS GROWN UNDER OPAQUE ROWCOVERS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ASPARAGUS-OFFICINALIS; ETIOLATED ASPARAGUS; PLASTICS AB Black and white plastic rowcovers were established over field-grown 'Jersey Giant' asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.). Spears were cut for 7 weeks. Season soil temperatures were lowest under white plastic and highest without plastic covering. Night air temperature under plastic covers was almost-equal-to 1.4C higher than without plastic covering (control), but day air temperature was typically 10C higher under black plastic, with temperatures under white plastic intermediate. Marketable yield (t.ha-1) was improved with the use of plastics as was total yield (P = 0.05), but spear number/ha was similar in all treatments. There was no consistent treatment effect on spear diameter. Average spear weight was higher when under plastic, whereas spear length was reduced compared with uncovered spears. There were no differences among treatments in spear fiber content, but spears grown under plastic covers were higher in soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and nitrate and lower in protein, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics than uncovered spears. Quantitative differences in these constituents were also a function of whether they were from the upper, middle, or lower spear segment. Very little chlorophyll and carotenoids were produced in the absence of light, but there was a chroma (color intensity) difference between spears grown under the two plastics. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT FOOD SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72703. RP MAKUS, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927, USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1991 VL 26 IS 4 BP 374 EP 377 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FG582 UT WOS:A1991FG58200022 ER PT J AU MILLER, WR MCDONALD, RE SHARP, JL AF MILLER, WR MCDONALD, RE SHARP, JL TI QUALITY CHANGES DURING STORAGE AND RIPENING OF TOMMY-ATKINS MANGOES TREATED WITH HEATED FORCED AIR SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MANGIFERA-INDICA; CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; QUARANTINE PROCEDURES; CONDITION; POSTHARVEST AB Freshly harvested mangos (Mangifera indica L.) treated with forced air at 51.5C for 125 minutes then stored for 1, 2, or 3 weeks at 12C, followed by 21C until soft-ripe, were compared with nontreated fruit for quality changes. Treated fruit lost 1.0% more fresh weight than nontreated fruit and developed trace amounts of peel pitting. Total soluble solids concentrations for treated and nontreated fruit were similar (almost-equal-to 13%), as was peel color at the soft-ripe stage. Treated fruit generally reached the soft-ripe stage almost-equal-to 1 day earlier than nontreated fruit regardless of storage duration and had a lower incidence and severity of stem-end rot and anthracnose. The trace of pitting on treated fruit likely will not influence consumer acceptance. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES LAB,MIAMI,FL 32158. RP MILLER, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1991 VL 26 IS 4 BP 395 EP 397 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FG582 UT WOS:A1991FG58200030 ER PT J AU MCDONALD, RE MILLER, WR MCCOLLUM, TG BROWN, GE AF MCDONALD, RE MILLER, WR MCCOLLUM, TG BROWN, GE TI THIABENDAZOLE AND IMAZALIL APPLIED AT 53C REDUCE CHILLING INJURY AND DECAY OF GRAPEFRUIT SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CITRUS-PARADISI; CITRUS; POSTHARVEST DISORDERS ID RESISTANCE; SUGAR; PEEL AB The fungicides thiabendazole (TBZ) or imazalil were applied at 1 g.liter-1 at 24 or 53C to 'Marsh' and 'Redblush' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) to reduce fruit susceptibility to chilling injury (CI) and decay. Generally, there was more CI and decay on 'Marsh' grapefruit than on 'Redblush'. Severity of CI was lower in grapefruit that had been dipped at 53C than at 24C. Fruit dipped in fungicides had less CI than fruit dipped in water alone. Imazalil was more effective in reducing CI than TBZ. Fungicides reduced decay at both temperatures, and imazalil was better than TBZ. Chemical names used: 2-(4-thiazolyl) benzimidazole (thiabendazole, TBZ); 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2-propenyloxy)ethyl]-H-1-imidazole (imazalil). C1 FLORIDA DEPT CITRUS,CTR CITRUS RES P EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. RP MCDONALD, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 12 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1991 VL 26 IS 4 BP 397 EP 399 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FG582 UT WOS:A1991FG58200031 ER PT J AU SON, KC SEVERSON, RF KAYS, SJ AF SON, KC SEVERSON, RF KAYS, SJ TI A RAPID METHOD FOR SCREENING SWEET-POTATO GENOTYPES FOR OVIPOSITION STIMULANTS TO THE SWEET-POTATO WEEVIL SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BOEHMERYL ACETATE; TRITERPENE; GERMPLASM; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; IPOMOEA-BATATAS; CYLAS-FORMICARIUS ELEGANTULUS ID CYLAS-FORMICARIUS-ELEGANTULUS; SWEET-POTATO WEEVIL; STORAGE ROOTS AB Methodology was developed for the rapid quantitative and qualitative screening of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] germplasm for the concentration of the major sweetpotato weevil oviposition stimulant, boehmeryl acetate, and its alcohol, boehmerol. The major surface components were rapidly quantified, using a minimum of plant material. Boehmeryl acetate, present in methylene chloride root extracts, did not degrade when held under normal laboratory conditions for 45 days. Boehmeryl acetate and boehmerol were found only in the outer 1 to 1.2 mm of periderm and the distribution of the compounds appeared to be relatively uniform over the surface of the root. C1 USDA ARS,TOBACCO QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP SON, KC (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1991 VL 26 IS 4 BP 409 EP 410 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FG582 UT WOS:A1991FG58200036 ER PT J AU ZAITER, HZ COYNE, DP CLARK, RB STEADMAN, JR AF ZAITER, HZ COYNE, DP CLARK, RB STEADMAN, JR TI MEDIUM PH AND LEAF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION INFLUENCE RUST PUSTULE DIAMETER ON LEAVES OF DRY BEANS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; UROMYCES-APPENDICULATUS VAR APPENDICULATUS; GENOTYPIC VARIATION; INTERACTIONS FOR RUST REACTION; MINERAL ELEMENTS ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS AB Nine bean cultivars/lines (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were grown in three soils/rooting media at pH values of 7.9, 6.5, and 5.8 in greenhouse, growth chamber, and field experiments to evaluate the leaf reaction of the plants to a Nebraska bean rust [Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Unger var. appendiculatus] isolate US85-NP-10-1. Significant differences were observed for rust pustule diameter between cultivars/lines grown in the three growth media. Plants grown in the medium at pH 5.8 showed significantly larger rust pustule diameters than those of plants grown at pH 6.5 or 7.9. A significant interaction occurred between growth medium and cultivars/lines for the rust reaction. Concentrations of Cl and Mn in leaves were positively correlated with rust pustule diameter. In contrast, concentration of K in leaves was negatively correlated with rust pustule diameter. Plant breeders attempting to improve beans for rust resistance must consider the growth medium pH in evaluating intensity and severity of rust symptoms on leaves. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT HORT,LINCOLN,NE 68588. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1991 VL 26 IS 4 BP 412 EP 414 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FG582 UT WOS:A1991FG58200038 ER PT J AU DAUBENY, HA MOORE, PP SJULIN, TM LAWRENCE, FJ BARRITT, BH AF DAUBENY, HA MOORE, PP SJULIN, TM LAWRENCE, FJ BARRITT, BH TI SHUSWAP STRAWBERRY SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE FRAGARIA X ANANASSA; FRUIT BREEDING; FRESH MARKET; VIRUS TOLERANCE; WINTER HARDINESS C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PUYALLUP RES & EXTENS CTR,PUYALLUP,WA 98371. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,TREE FRUIT RES CTR,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. RP DAUBENY, HA (reprint author), AGR CANADA,RES STN,VANCOUVER V6T 1X2,BC,CANADA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1991 VL 26 IS 4 BP 433 EP 435 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FG582 UT WOS:A1991FG58200050 ER PT J AU RYDER, EJ ROBINSON, BJ AF RYDER, EJ ROBINSON, BJ TI PACIFIC LETTUCE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE LACTUCA-SATIVA; LETTUCE BREEDING; BIG VEIN RP RYDER, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,AGR RES SERV,1636 E ALISAL ST,SALINAS,CA 93905, USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1991 VL 26 IS 4 BP 437 EP 438 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FG582 UT WOS:A1991FG58200052 ER PT J AU RYDER, EJ WAYCOTT, W MCCREIGHT, JD AF RYDER, EJ WAYCOTT, W MCCREIGHT, JD TI AUTUMN GOLD LETTUCE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE LACTUCA SATIVA; LETTUCE BREEDING; LETTUCE MOSAIC; LETTUCE INFECTIOUS YELLOWS; RIB DISCOLORATION; PINK RIB; CORKY ROOT; BIG VEIN; TIPBURN; BOLTING; THERMODORMANCY RP RYDER, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,AGR RES SERV,1636 E ALISAL ST,SALINAS,CA 93905, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1991 VL 26 IS 4 BP 438 EP 439 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FG582 UT WOS:A1991FG58200053 ER PT J AU RYDER, EJ AF RYDER, EJ TI SALINAS 88 LETTUCE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE LETTUCE MOSAIC; LETTUCE BREEDING; LACTUCA-SATIVA; TIPBURN; BIG VEIN; CORKY ROOT RP RYDER, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,DEPT AGR,1636 E ALISAL ST,SALINAS,CA 93905, USA. NR 4 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 1991 VL 26 IS 4 BP 439 EP 440 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA FG582 UT WOS:A1991FG58200054 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, A BERGER, JJ REDDAN, J ZULIANI, A AF TAYLOR, A BERGER, JJ REDDAN, J ZULIANI, A TI EFFECTS OF AGING INVITRO ON INTRACELLULAR PROTEOLYSIS IN CULTURED RABBIT LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF SERUM SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EYE LENS; AGING; STRESS; PROTEOLYSIS; EPITHELIAL CELLS ID PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE; ALTERED DEGRADATION; HUMAN-FIBROBLASTS; EYE LENS; RETICULOCYTES; AGE; BREAKDOWN; PEPTIDES AB Alterations in proteolytic capabilities have been associated with abnormalities in the aged eye lens, but in vivo tests of this hypothesis have been difficult to pursue. To simulate aging, we cultured cells from an 8-yr-old rabbit to early (population-doubling level 20 to 30) and late (population-doubling level > 125) passage. Long-lived (t1/2 > 10 h) and short-lived (t1/2 < 10 h) intracellular proteins were labeled with [H-3]leucine, and the ability of the cells to mount a proteolytic response to the stress of serum withdrawal was determined. For early passage cells, the average t1/2 of long-lived proteins in the presence and absence of serum was 62 and 39 h, respectively. For late-passage cells, the average t1/2 of long-lived proteins in the presence and absence of serum was 58 and 43 h, respectively. The net increase in intracellular proteolysis in the absence of serum was 59 and 35% for early and late-passage cells, respectively. Thus, in vitro-aged rabbit lens epithelial cells mount only 60% the proteolytic response to serum removal shown in "younger" cells. The enhanced ability of early passage cells to respond to serum removal seems to involve lower homeostatic levels of proteolysis in the presence of serum and greater enhancement of proteolysis in the absence of serum. Less than 2% of the protein is in the pool of short-lived proteins. Rates of proteolysis of short-lived proteins in the presence and absence of serum were indistinguishable. With respect to basal proteolytic rates in the presence of serum and ability to mount a proteolytic response upon serum withdrawal, these rabbit lens epithelial cells are similar to bovine lens epithelial cells and fibroblasts. C1 OAKLAND UNIV,ROCHESTER,MI 48063. RP TAYLOR, A (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,USDA,NUTR & CATARACT RES LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY00362] NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI COLUMBIA PA 8815 CENTRE PARK DRIVE SUITE 210, COLUMBIA, MD 21045 SN 0073-5655 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV B PD APR PY 1991 VL 27 IS 4 BP 287 EP 292 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA FT918 UT WOS:A1991FT91800006 PM 1856154 ER PT J AU COLE, ME AF COLE, ME TI REVIEW - PREDICTION AND MEASUREMENT OF PASTA QUALITY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE CHEMICAL METHODS; NOODLES; PHYSICAL METHODS; SENSORY QUALITY MEASUREMENT; TEXTURE ID SPAGHETTI COOKING QUALITY; DURUM-WHEAT SEMOLINA; COOKED SPAGHETTI; GLUTEN STRENGTH; TEXTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; STATISTICAL EVALUATION; SEDIMENTATION TEST; FLOUR COMPONENTS; DOUGH RHEOLOGY; MAKING QUALITY AB In the past several years, pasta and noodle products have become a major growth segment of the cereal foods industry. The popularity of pasta can be attributed to its sensory appeal, versatility, low cost, ease of preparation, strong nutritional image and excellent storage stability as well as to increased consumer interest in ethnic foods. Predominant quality attributes of pasta, as they relate to its appearance, flavour and texture, have been described in this review. Because of their importance to consumer acceptance, textural properties of pasta and noodles have been investigated most extensively. Commonly applied sensory, instrumental and chemical methodologies for prediction or measurement of these characteristics have been critiqued, and pitfalls of current approaches have been delineated. Although sensory appraisal has often been used to evaluate pasta quality, increasing reliance on physical and chemical measurements to provide estimates of product quality has been occurring recently in research laboratories. RP COLE, ME (reprint author), USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 144 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 26 IS 2 BP 133 EP 151 PG 19 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA FK370 UT WOS:A1991FK37000001 ER PT J AU HAUSMAN, DB HAUSMAN, GJ MARTIN, RJ AF HAUSMAN, DB HAUSMAN, GJ MARTIN, RJ TI METABOLIC DEVELOPMENT OF LIVER AND ADIPOSE-TISSUE IN PREOBESE AND CONTROL PIG FETUSES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE OBESITY MODELS; METABOLISM; ADIPOSE TISSUE; FETAL; INSULIN; LIPOLYSIS ID GENETICALLY-OBESE; GROWTH-HORMONE; LEAN SWINE; FETAL PIG; CELLULARITY; SELECTION; HISTOCHEMISTRY; LIPOGENESIS; BACKFAT; GLUCOSE AB The metabolic development of the liver and adipose tissue was examined in 75 and 110 day fetuses from genetically obese and control sows. In the liver, glucose and palmitate utilization was influenced by both age and strain. Higher rates of glucose oxidation and palmitate oxidation and esterification were observed in the 75 day compared to the 110 day fetuses. Hepatic palmitate oxidation was greater in pre-obese than in control fetuses at both fetal ages, while hepatic palmitate esterification was greater in pre-obese than in control fetuses at 75 days of gestation only. In subcutaneous adipose tissue, de novo lipogenesis increased with age and was higher in pre-obese than in control fetuses by 110 days of gestation. At 75 days of gestation, glucose oxidation and incorporation into fatty acids was similar in adipose tissue from both strains. However, by 110 days of gestation, both basal and insulin-stimulated rates of glucose metabolism were greater in pre-obese compared to control fetuses. Palmitate esterification increased with age but was similar in pre-obese and control fetuses. Basal lipolysis was not affected by strain or age. Isoproterenol had no effect on lipolysis in the 75 day fetuses while stimulating glycerol release to a comparable degree in 110 day fetuses of both strains. This study demonstrates that metabolic differences between genetically obese and control pigs are already apparent in the pre-obese state prior to birth. Such alterations in hepatic and adipose tissue carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which promote early lipid storage by the pre-obese fetuses, may serve as useful metabolic markers for the development of obesity. C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP HAUSMAN, DB (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD & NUTR,269 DAWSON HALL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD18447] NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD APR PY 1991 VL 15 IS 4 BP 243 EP 250 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA FH648 UT WOS:A1991FH64800001 PM 2071314 ER PT J AU KEIM, NL BARBIERI, TF VANLOAN, M AF KEIM, NL BARBIERI, TF VANLOAN, M TI PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH BODY-FAT LOSS IN OVERWEIGHT WOMEN SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE WEIGHT REDUCTION; RESTING METABOLIC RATE; FAT UTILIZATION; LIPOLYSIS; FREE FATTY ACIDS ID CALORIC RESTRICTION; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; UNITED-STATES; OBESE WOMEN; RISK FACTOR; WEIGHT-LOSS; EXERCISE; DIET; MASS; ANALYZER AB During a weight loss study conducted on a metabolic unit, five women lost an average of 8.7 +/- 0.7 kg of body fat mass (FM) with a 12 week treatment of low energy diet plus exercise. Another group of five women lost 4.4 +/- 0.7 kg FM with a 12 week treatment of an adequate diet plus exercise. Within each treatment, the amount of FM lost varied by approximately 2-fold. To explain the variability in FM loss, we tested its association by multiple regression analysis with several physiological and biochemical measurements obtained during a 2 week stabilization period or early in the treatment period. The variable most closely correlated with FM loss was plasma free fatty acid levels following exercise (EX-FFA). This variable alone accounted for 79 percent of the variation in FM loss. EX-FFA was simple to measure and was repeatedly correlated with FM loss, whether FFA values of the first exercise test or EX-FFA values obtained later in the experimental period were used. Of the physiological variables tested, the rate of fat calories expended in response to a test meal was correlated with FM loss and accounted for 71 percent of the variation. Upon subsequent testing, however, this relationship was not repeatable. When a treatment group designation (dummy-coded variable) was added to the regression analysis, the rate of fat calories expended at rest (FAT(RMR)) was related to FM loss. Together, FAT(RMR) and the dummy-coded variable accounted for 87 percent of the variation in FM loss. In a separate multiple regression equation, the combination of EX-FFA and the dummy-coded variable also accounted for 87 percent of the variation in FM loss. Further evaluation of these relationships is required to determine if EX-FFA or FAT(RMR) would be useful as predictors of FM loss under conditions of weight loss where individuals are living freely in the community and consuming a variety of diets. RP KEIM, NL (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD APR PY 1991 VL 15 IS 4 BP 283 EP 293 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA FH648 UT WOS:A1991FH64800005 PM 2071318 ER PT J AU POLING, SM AF POLING, SM TI IDENTIFICATION OF ENDOGENOUS GIBBERELLINS IN IMMATURE NAVEL ORANGE FRUIT SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CITRUS; ACID AB Eight gibberellins (GAs) were identified from the immature fruit of navel orange trees (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Washington) after sequential purification by reverse-phase C18 high-performance liquid chromatography, Nucleosil 5N(CH3)2 high-performance liquid chromatography, and capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. GA1, GA4, GA9, GA17, GA19, GA20, and GA29 were identified on the basis of their full-scan mass spectra and Kovats retention indices. GA8 was tentatively identified on the basis of the comparison of its full-scan mass spectrum with the published spectrum. RP POLING, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,263 S CHESTER AVE,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 677 EP 680 DI 10.1021/jf00004a010 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FH440 UT WOS:A1991FH44000010 ER PT J AU KNUDSEN, KEB LI, BW AF KNUDSEN, KEB LI, BW TI DETERMINATION OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN PROTEIN-RICH FEEDSTUFFS BY GAS-LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LEGUMINOUS SEEDS; RAFFINOSE; SUCROSE; SUGARS; STACHYOSE; STARCH; SOYBEANS; PRODUCTS; LEGUMES AB Gas-Liquid chromatography (GLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were developed for quantitative analysis of oligosaccharides in protein-rich feedstuffs. A total of 18 meal or cake samples derived from soybean, cotton, sunflower, and rapeseed and two samples of field peas were studied. the most suitable extraction media was determined by using water or 50% and 80% (v/v) of alcohol (methanol or ethanol) on meal samples of soybean and cottonseed and a feed mixture (soybean meal/barley, 1:1 w/w). Excellent agreement was found between the HPLC and GLC results for sucrose and raffinose content, while the average value for stachyose was 0.4% (absolute units) lower with GLC compared to HPLC. Sucrose was the main sugar found in the protein-rich feedstuffs (3.00-7.59% of dry weight) but only a minor sugar in cottonseed (0.96-1.14%). Among the raffinose oligosaccharides, stachyose was predominant in soybean (3.94-4.62%) and rapeseed (0.94-1.52%), verbascose in field peas (1.69-2.90%), and raffinose in cottonseed (3.10-4.52%) and sunflower (1.53-2.48%). On the basis of the overall precision and the consistently higher value of stachyose obtained, HPLC should be the method of choice for the type of feed materials described here. C1 NATL INST ANIM SCI,DK-8830 TJELE,DENMARK. RP KNUDSEN, KEB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 689 EP 694 DI 10.1021/jf00004a013 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FH440 UT WOS:A1991FH44000013 ER PT J AU RALPH, J HELM, RF AF RALPH, J HELM, RF TI RAPID PROTON NMR METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF THREO - ERYTHRO RATIOS IN LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS AND EXAMINATION OF REDUCTION STEREOCHEMISTRY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BETA-GUAIACYL ETHER; COHERENCE TRANSFER; SPECTROSCOPY AB Threo:erythro ratios of beta-aryl ether lignin model compounds are rapidly obtained by integration of alpha-OH proton signals at ca. 4.5 ppm in proton NMR spectra in acetone-d6 solvent containing traces of water. The excellent separation of these sharp signals (ca. 0.11 ppm), which is unaffected by etherification of the phenol, and the additional dispersion of the beta-proton signals make NMR in this solvent ideal for homonuclear correlation spectroscopy. Sodium borohydride reduction of precursor ketones shows a substantial solvent effect: for example, in ethanol, isopropyl alcohol or tertbutyl alcohol the erythro isomer is mildly favored (ca. 40:60 threo:erythro), whereas in 50% aqueous alcohols the stereochemistry reverses to a marked threo preference (ca. 80:20 threo:erythro). C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. RP RALPH, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. OI Helm, Richard/0000-0001-5317-0925 NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 705 EP 709 DI 10.1021/jf00004a016 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FH440 UT WOS:A1991FH44000016 ER PT J AU CHUNG, SY VERCELLOTTI, JR JOHNSEN, PB KLESIUS, PH AF CHUNG, SY VERCELLOTTI, JR JOHNSEN, PB KLESIUS, PH TI DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY FOR GEOSMIN SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL CATFISH; ODOR PROBLEMS; MUSTY ODOR; MUDDY ODOR; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; WATER; LAKE; METABOLITES; MANITOBA AB A direct competitive ELISA for geosmin (a musty/earthy off-flavor compound) was developed. Antibodies were produced in goats injected with a BSA-argosmin C (a dehydration product of geosmin) conjugate. The sensitivity and specificity of the antibody were respectively determined in a microtiter plate coated with the purified antibody which was subsequently detected with an alkaline phosphatase-argosmin C conjugate. The antibody had the most cross-reactivity with an argosmin C related compound, namely, 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-4a-methyl-2(3H)-naphthalenone. It cross-reacted equally with geosmin, 2-ketogeosmin, and 2-decalone but had limited recognition for norbornane, indicating that the binding of the antibody was restricted mainly to the bicyclic structure (A and B rings) of geosmin. Because it had some cross-reactivity with 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), it was assumed that the methyl group in geosmin might also play a role in antibody recognition. In addition, the presence of two OH groups on the A and B rings of 1,5-decalindiol also had an effect on the antibody binding. The assay had a sensitivity of 1-mu-g/mL. C1 USDA ARS,ANIM PARASITE RES LAB,AUBURN,AL 36830. RP CHUNG, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 4 BP 764 EP 769 DI 10.1021/jf00004a030 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FH440 UT WOS:A1991FH44000030 ER PT J AU IRIZARRY, H RIVERA, E KRIKORIAN, AD RODRIGUEZ, JA AF IRIZARRY, H RIVERA, E KRIKORIAN, AD RODRIGUEZ, JA TI PROPER BUNCH MANAGEMENT OF THE FRENCH-TYPE SUPERPLANTAIN (MUSA-ACUMINATA X M-BALBISIANA, AAB) IN PUERTO-RICO SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article AB Soon after flowering, bunches of the Musa AAB clone 'Superplatano' (Superplantain) were trimmed to 4, 5 or 6 hands to determine the effect of pruning on fruit grade and marketable yields. Unpruned bunches of the horn-type 'Maricongo' plantain were included as control. Fruits in bunches pruned to 4 and 5 hands exceeded the mean weight of 270 g, a criterion used locally to render horn-type plantains marketable. 'Superplatano' bunches trimmed to 4 and 5 hands yielded 146,800 and 180,200 marketable fruits/ha, respectively. This represented a yield increase of about 26,000 and 59,400 fruits/ha, over the unpruned horn-type 'Maricongo' cultivar. The reduction of hands in the 'Superplatano' bunch significantly increased length, thickness and weight of fruits in the proximal and distal hands. RP IRIZARRY, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00709, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUERTO RICO AGR EXP STA PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PUBLICATIONS SECTION VENEZUELA BRANCH, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00927 SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD APR PY 1991 VL 75 IS 2 BP 163 EP 171 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA GC008 UT WOS:A1991GC00800007 ER PT J AU BANDY, TR HARRIS, DL STEWART, TS AF BANDY, TR HARRIS, DL STEWART, TS TI EMPIRICAL INDEX DEVELOPMENT FOR BIOECONOMIC OBJECTIVES IN A 3-WAY CROSS IN MICE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR TIERZUCHTUNG UND ZUCHTUNGSBIOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID LEAN TISSUE PRODUCTION; ECONOMIC-EFFICIENCY; LITTER SIZE; REPRODUCTION; TRAITS AB A biological simulation of a three-way crossbreeding system was performed with mice. The objective was to empirically estimate selection indexes which could be applied to each of three pure lines to genetically improve the bioeconomic performance of terminal-cross production units. The terminal-cross production unit consists of a set of parents (a pureline sire and an F1 dam) and up to eight of their litters. The primary bioeconomic function was defined as the ratio of inputs to outputs, where both inputs and outputs were economically weighted quadratic expressions. Two other alternative bioeconomic functions, one attributable to parental reproduction and lacation and one attributable to offspring growth, were also calculated. These bioeconomic values were calculated for each terminal-cross unit. Three selection indexes were simultaneously estimated by regressing the bioeconomic values on trait values measured in the ancestors, i.e., members of the three pure lines. An additional set of indexes utilized reproductive traits of the F1 first-cross of the maternal lines in lieu of the reproductive traits of the two purebred maternal lines. Four mathematical forms of the selection index were utilized: linear, highest order products, linear plus highest order products, and a quadratic approximation. When all ancestor traits were used to predict a production unit's bioeconomic value, reasonably large coefficients of determination were achieved, especially for the quadratic approximations. However, when these coefficients were adjusted for degrees of freedom, the adjusted coefficients were quite small, and none of the mathematical forms of the indexes gave statistically significant results. When the bioeconomic values attributable to offspring growth were predicted, only the linear index was statistically significant. For that index form, no significant predictors were encountered in the two maternal lines. Reproductive traits measured on the F1 first-cross were suggested for incorporation in conjunction with growth traits measured in the sire pure line for improving offspring conversion. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2668 J9 J ANIM BREED GENET JI J. Anim. Breed. Genet.-Z. Tierz. Zungt. Biol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 108 IS 2 BP 123 EP 138 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FM313 UT WOS:A1991FM31300006 ER PT J AU KEELE, JW LONG, TE JOHNSON, RK AF KEELE, JW LONG, TE JOHNSON, RK TI COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ESTIMATING VARIANCE-COMPONENTS IN PIGS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BACKFAT; LITTER SIZE; GROWTH RATE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; MONTE-CARLO METHOD; HERITABILITY ID OVULATION RATE; SELECTION; COVARIANCE; SWINE AB Components of variance due to average effects of genes (sigma-g2), environmental effects common to littermates (sigma-c2), and environmental effects peculiar to individual pigs (sigma-e2) were estimated (triple-overdot) by the Pseudo Expectation Approach (PE). Data were litter size (LS), backfat (BF; centimeter) and ADG (kilograms/day) collected from the Nebraska Gene Pool swine population between 1967 and 1986. Mean square errors (MSE) for h triple-overdot 2 and c triple-overdot 2 (sigma triple-overdot g2 and sigma triple-overdot c2 divided by phenotypic variance) by PE and nested ANOVA and h2 estimated by offspring on parent regression (REGOP) were evaluated using simulation of 200 repetitions of the Nebraska Gene Pool population. Parameter values for sigma-g2, sigma-c2, and sigma-e2 used in simulations were PE estimates from the Gene Pool population. Estimates of h2 from PE were .18 +/- .06 for LS, .56 +/- .06 for BF, and .16 +/- .05 for ADG. Estimates of c2 from PE were .01 +/- .03 for LS, .09 +/- .02 for BF, and .19 +/- .03 for ADG. Compared with REGOP, PE yielded h triple-overdot 2 with smaller MSE for BF and ADG and larger MSE for LS. The MSE of PE was smaller than the MSE of the nested ANOVA estimate for all estimates and traits. These results were interpreted to suggest that considerable gains in precision in estimation of genetic parameters could be achieved by accounting for all relationships in lieu of accounting for only half- and full-sib relationships or parent-offspring relationships. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1428 EP 1434 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW980 UT WOS:A1991FW98000013 PM 2071508 ER PT J AU POMAR, C HARRIS, DL MINVIELLE, F AF POMAR, C HARRIS, DL MINVIELLE, F TI COMPUTER-SIMULATION MODEL OF SWINE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS .1. MODELING THE GROWTH OF YOUNG-PIGS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GROWTH MODELS; SIMULATION; PIGS ID BEEF-CATTLE GROWTH; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; BODY-COMPOSITION; GROWING-PIGS; AMINO-ACID; ENERGY; NITROGEN AB Theoretical concepts and relationships were used to develop a deterministic pig growth model. The model predicts, in a continuous form, growth and body composition of boars, barrows, and gilts according to genotype, diet, and management conditions. The model is aggregated at the whole-animal level with three main elements of body composition: total body DNA, total body protein mass (PT), and total body mass of lipids, with PT determining the secondary elements of ash and moisture. The primary factors regulating growth were associated with cellular hyperplasia and hypertrophy in agreement with the basic concepts described by Baldwin and Black (1979). Differential equations representing DNA accretion and protein synthesis and degradation were adapted from Oltjen et al. (1985). Normal pig protein growth was characterized from published data. Body PT was used to reflect several metabolic activities related to animal size and age, as in some prior models. Dietary energy and protein were used in sequence until requirements are satisfied, first for maintenance, then for protein growth, and finally for fat deposition. A comparison between experimental and simulated results illustrates that the model may simulate growth and body composition of young pigs adequately. C1 UNIV LAVAL,QUEBEC CITY G1K 7P4,QUEBEC,CANADA. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 42 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1468 EP 1488 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW980 UT WOS:A1991FW98000018 PM 2071513 ER PT J AU POMAR, C HARRIS, DL MINVIELLE, F AF POMAR, C HARRIS, DL MINVIELLE, F TI COMPUTER-SIMULATION MODEL OF SWINE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS .2. MODELING BODY-COMPOSITION AND WEIGHT OF FEMALE PIGS, FETAL DEVELOPMENT, MILK-PRODUCTION, AND GROWTH OF SUCKLING PIGS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE REPRODUCTION; MODELS; SIMULATION; SOWS; PREGNANCY; LACTATION ID REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; ENERGY-METABOLISM; FAT DEPOSITION; PREGNANCY; SOWS; NUTRITION; LACTATION; PROTEIN; EFFICIENCY; YIELD AB Theoretical concepts and relationships used to develop a deterministic computer simulation model of female pigs during their reproductive life are described. The model predicts, in a continuous form, body composition and weight of female pigs, fetal development, sow milk yield, and growth of suckling pigs according to genotype, diet, and management conditions. The model simulates growth of adult female pigs. Dietary nutrients are used first for maintenance and second for fetal growth or milk production. Any surplus is retained in the body. Energy and protein body reserves are mobilized when a nutrient deficit occurs during gestation or lactation. However, the rates of body protein and fat accretion as well as the fat/protein ratio are limited by boundaries, the values of which depend on the nutritional and physiological status of the pig. The model's ability to simulate sow body weight changes and composition, fetal growth, milk production, and suckling pig's growth is illustrated. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV LAVAL,QUEBEC CITY G1K 7P4,QUEBEC,CANADA. NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1489 EP 1502 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW980 UT WOS:A1991FW98000019 PM 2071514 ER PT J AU REEDS, PJ MERSMANN, HJ AF REEDS, PJ MERSMANN, HJ TI PROTEIN AND ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS OF ANIMALS TREATED WITH BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS - A DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS; AMINO ACIDS; PROTEIN; ENERGY; LIPIDS; GROWTH ID CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEINASE; ENDOGENOUS NITROGEN LOSS; AMINO-ACID COMPOSITION; PIGS FED RACTOPAMINE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GROWING-PIGS; DIETARY-PROTEIN; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; CARCASS COMPOSITION; SYNTHESIS INVIVO AB Much recent work has established the efficacy of certain beta-adrenergic agonists in promoting muscle growth. These compounds also lower the deposition of body lipid. Establishing whether treatment of animals with beta-adrenergic agonists alters their metabolism in ways that affect the efficiency of nutrient use will become important if these compounds are to find a place in animal production. Currently the biological basis of amino acid and energy requirements is being reexamined; this paper discusses whether we have sufficient information to conclude that the current dietary recommendations are appropriate for animals receiving beta-adrenergic agonists. When dietary protein is not a primary nutritional limitation to the rate of protein deposition, beta-adrenergic agonists should increase the efficiency with which the existing protein intake is used in growth. Alternatively, diets that supply a higher essential/nonessential amino acid ratio might be desirable. Whether additional nonprotein energy should be fed to these animals remains an open question. On one hand, the compounds increase energy expenditure and probably increase the maintenance energy needs of the recipient animals; on the other, feeding diets of higher energy density may lead to the resumption of undesirably high rates of fat deposition. C1 BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 98 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1532 EP 1550 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW980 UT WOS:A1991FW98000023 PM 1677000 ER PT J AU WHEELER, TL KOOHMARAIE, M AF WHEELER, TL KOOHMARAIE, M TI A MODIFIED PROCEDURE FOR SIMULTANEOUS EXTRACTION AND SUBSEQUENT ASSAY OF CALCIUM-DEPENDENT AND LYSOSOMAL PROTEASE SYSTEMS FROM A SKELETAL-MUSCLE BIOPSY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIOPSY; CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEASES; CATHEPSINS; MUSCLES; TECHNIQUES ID BOVINE CARDIAC-MUSCLE; CATHEPSIN-B; PROTEINASE; QUANTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; INHIBITOR; TURNOVER; IDENTIFICATION; POSTMORTEM; TENDERNESS AB An extraction and assay system was developed for quantifying endogenous muscle proteases from a single 5-g sample. A single extraction buffer was developed for simultaneous extraction of both calcium-dependent proteases (CDP) and cathepsins. Protease activity determined by the modified procedure was compared to standard procedures currently used in our laboratory. The successful use of the modified procedure on muscle biopsies was verified. Activities per gram of ovine longissimus muscle of CDP system components for 50-g standard and 5-g modified procedures were not different (P > .05) for CDP-I (1.16 vs 1.08), CDP-II (.89 vs 1.03), or CDP inhibitor (2.34 vs 2.32), respectively. Activities of cathepsins per gram of muscle for standard and modified procedures were higher (P < .05) for the modified procedure (cathepsins B + L, 202.0 vs 309.8), but not different (P > .05) for cathepsin B (76.6 vs 98.8). Cystatin-like activity was not different (P > .05; 3.4 vs 3.2). To test the effect of location within the longissimus muscle on protease activities, 5 g of longissimus muscle was removed immediately postmortem from each of six locations from each side of three steer carcasses. Location within the longissimus muscle had no effect (P > .05) on the protease activities measured. Protease activities determined on bovine longissimus muscle biopsies with the modified procedure were similar to immediate postmortem activities. These data verify that the modified procedure was as able to quantify endogenous muscle proteases as the standard procedures and could be used on muscle biopsies. This procedure should be useful in studying the role of endogenous muscle proteases in muscle growth and postmortem proteolysis. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 30 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1559 EP 1565 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW980 UT WOS:A1991FW98000025 PM 2071518 ER PT J AU HART, SP GLIMP, HA AF HART, SP GLIMP, HA TI EFFECT OF DIET COMPOSITION AND FEED-INTAKE LEVEL ON DIET DIGESTIBILITY AND RUMINAL METABOLISM IN GROWING LAMBS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FEED INTAKE; FEED CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; RESTRICTED FEEDING; ENERGY INTAKE; DIGESTIBILITY; RUMEN METABOLISM ID ENERGY-INTAKE; BEEF STEERS; DIGESTION; SHEEP; CORN; CONCENTRATE; EFFICIENCY; EXTENT; SITE; SIZE AB Lambs (29 +/- 2.5 kg) were fed three diets at various intakes to determine whether diet composition or level of intake was reflected in changes in diet digestibility or ruminal fluid characteristics. In Exp. 1, a 90% concentrated, pelleted diet or a whole shelled corn diet with a pelleted protein supplement was fed at three levels of intake: ad libitum and 92.5 and 85% of ad libitum (n = 15). Exp. 2 compared the 90% concentrate diet with diets in which the energy density was diluted to 55 or 72.5% concentrate by including alfalfa hay as a possible method of restricting energy intake (n = 6). Lambs were adapted to diets for 13 d; feces were collected for 6 d and ruminal fluid was collected 0, 3, and 6 h after feeding on the day following fecal collection. Restricting intake in Exp. 1 did not affect DM digestibility or digestibility of CP or starch. Digestibility of ADF was increased (P < .10) by restricting intake. Ruminal fluid pH, ammonia concentration and VFA concentrations were affected little by either restricted intake level. Digestibility of DM was 4% higher (P < .001) and starch 5% higher (P < .001) for the whole shelled corn diet than for the pelleted, high-concentrate diet. Ruminal pH of lambs fed the whole shelled corn diet was higher and fluctuated less than the ruminal pH of lambs fed the high-concentrate, pelleted diet. In Exp. 2, diet digestibility was reduced (P < .01) and ruminal pH was increased (P < .002) by addition of hay. Restricted feeding of lambs did not seem to increase diet digestibility or alter ruminal conditions. C1 USDA,ARS,FORAGE & LIVESTOCK RES LAB,EL RENO,OK 73036. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1636 EP 1644 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW980 UT WOS:A1991FW98000034 PM 1649155 ER PT J AU FORSTER, LA FONTENOT, JP PERRY, HD FOSTER, JG ALLEN, VG AF FORSTER, LA FONTENOT, JP PERRY, HD FOSTER, JG ALLEN, VG TI APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY AND NUTRIENT BALANCE IN LAMBS FED DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FLATPEA HAY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MEDICAGO-SATIVA; LATHYRUS-SYLVESTRIS; LAMBS; METABOLISM; DIGESTIBILITY AB Apparent digestibility and nutrient utilization were studied in a digestion and balance trial with 30 wether lambs (BW 32 kg). Lambs were blocked by weight and allotted randomly to five diets with ratios of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to 'Lathco' flatpea (Lathyrus sylvestris L.) hay of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. Alfalfa was harvested in the early bloom stage and flatpea was harvested in the vegetative stage. Digestibilities of DM, NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose, and energy decreased linearly (P < .05) as the level of flatpea hay increased to values of 53.3, 32.4, 39.9, 46.0, 40.5, and 52.5%, respectively, for 100% flatpea hay. Nitrogen retention (9 to 15% of intake) was not affected by level of flatpea hay. Ruminal pH, NH3 N, and blood urea N increased linearly (P < .001) as level of flatpea increased in the diet, apparently a reflection of dietary N level. Calcium excretion decreased linearly (P < .01) with increased proportions of flatpea hay and was related to dietary intake of Ca. Apparent absorption and retention showed a cubic effect (P < .05). No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in any of the lambs during the 20-d metabolism trial. Vegetative flatpea is potentially valuable as a forage for feeding ruminants. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV, BLACKSBURG, VA 24061 USA. USDA, ARS, APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB, BECKLEY, WV 25802 USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1719 EP 1725 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW980 UT WOS:A1991FW98000042 PM 1649158 ER PT J AU HATFIELD, PG WALKER, JW GLIMP, HA ADAMS, DC AF HATFIELD, PG WALKER, JW GLIMP, HA ADAMS, DC TI EFFECT OF LEVEL OF INTAKE AND SUPPLEMENTAL BARLEY ON MARKER ESTIMATES OF FECAL OUTPUT USING AN INTRARUMINAL CONTINUOUS-RELEASE CHROMIC OXIDE BOLUS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHROMIUM; FECES COLLECTION; RUMEN BOLUSES ID YTTERBIUM AB Sixty wethers (average BW = 45 kg) fitted with fecal collection bags were used in four experiments to evaluate the ability of a intraruminal continuous-release chromic oxide bolus to predict fecal DM output. In Exp. 1, 18 wethers housed in metabolism crates were fed barley at either 0, 100, or 200g/d and allowed ad libitum consumption of alfalfa pellets. In Exp. 2, 18 wethers were housed in metabolism crates and fed alfalfa pellets at either 70, 85, or 125% of pre-study ad libitum consumption. In Exp. 3, 12 wethers grazed a sagebrush-bunchgrass range and were individually fed barley at 0 or 200g/d. In Exp. 4, 12 wethers grazed either an ungrazed (383 kg/ha herbaceous biomass) or a heavily grazed (175 kg/ha herbaceous biomass) sagebrush-bunchgrass range. Experiments 1 and 2 were balanced 3 x 3 Latin squares, and Exp. 3 and 4 were crossover designs. Chromium content was determined in rectal grab samples. Treatment effects were compared using marker-estimated fecal output divided by total fecal collection, multiplied by 100, as the dependent variable. Accuracy of the estimate was verified by comparing marker-estimated fecal output with total fecal collection using a paired t-test. In Exp. 1 and 2, treatments were different (P < .05). No differences (P > .50) were detected in Exp. 3 and 4. In Exp. 1, 2, and 3 accuracy was different (P < .02) among wethers within study and treatment. Only in Study 4 were minor or no differences (P > .09) in accuracy found. Accuracy (Exp. 1, 2, and 3) and precision (Exp. 1 and 2) of marker-estimated fecal output seemed to be affected by level of DMI and supplemental barley. These data indicate that total fecal collections on a subset of animals used in a study may be necessary to adjust marker estimates of fecal output. C1 USDA,SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423. USDA,ARS,LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES STN,MILES CITY,MT 59301. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1788 EP 1794 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW980 UT WOS:A1991FW98000050 PM 2071530 ER PT J AU COLE, NA AF COLE, NA TI EFFECTS OF ANIMAL-TO-ANIMAL EXCHANGE OF RUMINAL CONTENTS ON THE FEED-INTAKE AND RUMINAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FED AND FASTED LAMBS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FASTING; FEED INTAKE; RUMEN; LAMBS ID FATTY-ACID PROPORTIONS; BEEF STEERS; WATER-DEPRIVATION; RUMEN; RECOVERY; CATTLE; LEVEL; SHEEP; DIET AB Four Suffolk x Hampshire wether lambs averaging 55 kg with permanent ruminal cannulas were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design to determine the effects of exchange of ruminal contents between fed and fasted lambs on subsequent DMI and ruminal characteristics. Lambs were fed a pelleted 70% roughage diet at 2% of BW for 17 d. During each period of the Latin square two lambs were deprived of feed and water for 3 d. At the end of the fasting period ruminal contents from one fed and one fasted lamb were exchanged. Lambs were then given ad libitum access to feed for 8 d, during which DMI, feeding pattern, and ruminal characteristics were monitored. Measurements of ruminal volume determined by total collection and indigestible marker (lithium sulfate) suggested that only about 50% of total ruminal contents were actually exchanged. Fasted lambs had lower (P < .05) DMI, ruminal fermentative capacity, ruminal DM weight, and ruminal DM percentage than fed lambs during the first 4 d of realimentation. Exchange of ruminal contents did not (P > .10) affect DMI, feeding pattern, ruminal fluid pH, ruminal fermentative capacity, ruminal contents DM percentage, ruminal nucleic acid concentration, or VFA. Dosing fasted lambs with ruminal contents from nonfasted lambs reduced (P < .05) ruminal liquid volume, dry weight of ruminal contents, and propionate concentration. Results of this trial are interpreted to indicate that although decreased ruminal function is a factor in the low feed intakes of fasted ruminants, the possibility of increasing postfast feed intake via improved ruminal function is limited because other metabolic factors may play a more important role. C1 USDA,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 69 IS 4 BP 1795 EP 1803 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA FW980 UT WOS:A1991FW98000051 PM 2071531 ER PT J AU SHOAF, AR SHAIKH, AU HARBISON, RD HINOJOSA, O AF SHOAF, AR SHAIKH, AU HARBISON, RD HINOJOSA, O TI EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS OF SUPEROXIDE FREE-RADICALS (.O2-) FROM WHOLE MAMMALIAN LIVER SO JOURNAL OF BIOLUMINESCENCE AND CHEMILUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE O2- EXTRACTION; DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE; DIFFERENTIAL PULSE POLAROGRAPHY; ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE; LUMINESCENCE ID SINGLET MOLECULAR-OXYGEN AB Extraction of whole lobes of normal rat liver with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) under N2 gives extracts which contain 5-10-mu-mol/l.O2- (50-100 nmol.O2- per 10 ml extract per 4 g liver; 1.25-2.50 nmol .O2- per millilitre per gram liver). Evidence for .O2- in the extracts is given by: (1) electron spin resonance signals (ESR), (2) differential pulse polarography (DPP), (3) chemiluminescence (CL), and (4) nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (NBT). All tests yield results identical with those obtained with authentic .O2-. Extraction of .O2- is enhanced by tetrabutyl ammonium ion, and is maximal at 1-3 min. These results raise the possibility that substantial amounts of .O2- are normally sequestered in protective membranous sites in vivo. C1 WAKE FOREST UNIV,BOWMAN GRAY SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,WINSTON SALEM,NC 27103. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT CHEM,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV FLORIDA,CTR ENVIRONM TOXICOL,ALACHUA,FL 32615. USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP SHOAF, AR (reprint author), WAKE FOREST UNIV,BOWMAN GRAY SCH MED,HLTH PROTECT SECT,WINSTON SALEM,NC 27103, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-05350-22]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ESO-2824] NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0884-3996 J9 J BIOLUM CHEMILUM JI J. Biolumin. Chemilumin. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 6 IS 2 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1002/bio.1170060206 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA FJ225 UT WOS:A1991FJ22500004 PM 1652881 ER PT J AU KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B AF KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B TI SMOKING AND BONE LOSS AMONG POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DUAL-PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY; POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; RISK-FACTORS; MINERAL DENSITY; SLENDER SMOKER; LUMBAR SPINE; OSTEOPOROSIS; OBESITY; MASS AB We examined the effect of smoking on bone mineral density (BMD), rates of bone loss, and fractional whole-body retention of 47Ca in healthy postmenopausal women enrolled in a 2-year calcium supplementation trial. Bone density was measured by single- and dual-photon absorptiometry. BMD of the radius at the study baseline was inversely related to pack-years of exposure when controlled for body mass index and years since menopause (partial r = -0.18, p = 0.05, n = 125). The adjusted mean (+/- SD) annualized rate of bone change from the radius was greater among smokers than nonsmokers (-0.914 +/- 2.624%/year, n = 34, versus 0.004 +/- 2.568%/year, n = 278, respectively; p = 0.05). Similar trends were observed at the femoral neck, os calcis, and spine. Rates were adjusted for caffeine intake, alcohol use, supplement type, and, at the spine only, menopausal status. At entry into the trial higher serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and lower levels of total and ionized calcium were found in smokers compared to nonsmokers. These differences did not persist with supplementation. In 44 women studied fractional 47Ca retention was lower in the 8 smokers than the 36 nonsmokers (16.6 versus 19.1%, respectively; p = 0.03). These results demonstrate an increased rate of bone loss at the radius after menopause and suggest that smoking is associated with decreased calcium absorption. RP KRALL, EA (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 34 TC 172 Z9 176 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 6 IS 4 BP 331 EP 338 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA GN786 UT WOS:A1991GN78600003 PM 1858519 ER PT J AU PAGE, RE METCALF, RA METCALF, RL ERICKSON, EH LAMPMAN, RL AF PAGE, RE METCALF, RA METCALF, RL ERICKSON, EH LAMPMAN, RL TI EXTRACTABLE HYDROCARBONS AND KIN RECOGNITION IN HONEYBEE (APIS-MELLIFERA L) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HONEYBEE; APIS-MELLIFERA; HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE; HYDROCARBONS; KIN RECOGNITION; GENETIC RELATEDNESS ID NESTMATE RECOGNITION; DISCRIMINATION CUES; BEES; ONTOGENY; SISTERS; FULL; WAX AB Hydrocarbons of worker honeybees of known pedigree were extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Variability in hydrocarbon extracts of individual workers is determined at least in part genetically. Correlations in hydrocarbon composition of extracts were highest among more closely related individuals. Individuals maintained in groups exchange hydrocarbons but still maintain enough self-produced compounds to retain genetically determined individual characteristics. These results demonstrate that extractable hydrocarbons of bees provide sufficiently reliable genetic information to function as labels for use during kin recognition. C1 NCI,LHC,BETHESDA,MD 20817. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ENTOMOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA,ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES UNIT,TUCSON,AZ 85719. RP PAGE, RE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENTOMOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 37 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 6 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 17 IS 4 BP 745 EP 756 DI 10.1007/BF00994197 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FH769 UT WOS:A1991FH76900006 PM 24258919 ER PT J AU ANDERSEN, AA AF ANDERSEN, AA TI SEROTYPING OF CHLAMYDIA-PSITTACI ISOLATES USING SEROVAR-SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES WITH THE MICROIMMUNOFLUORESCENCE TEST SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE TEST; OVINE ORIGIN; DIVERSITY; TRACHOMATIS; STRAINS; TURKEYS AB A panel of 10 serovar-specific monoclonal antibodies that could distinguish 10 distinct serovars of Chlamydia psittaci was prepared. The panel included one monoclonal antibody to each of the 10 serovars. Monoclonal antibodies were selected for their specificity in the indirect microimmunofluorescence test. Each of the monoclonal antibodies had a titer of 1:1,280 or higher to the homologous strain, with only two showing any cross-reactivity at a dilution of 1:10. Chlamydial antigen derived from organisms growing in tissue culture of one well of a 96-well multiwell dish was usually sufficient for the serotyping of an isolate. Infected yolk sac preparations were also suitable for serotyping. The panel of monoclonal antibodies was used to serotype 55 mammalian and avian strains. All except five of the strains were successfully serotyped; these five strains are presumed to represent at least two additional serovars. The use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies in the indirect microimmunofluorescence test provides a rapid and reliable method for serotyping new isolates. Monoclonal antibodies to new serovars can easily be added to the panel. RP ANDERSEN, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 44 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 29 IS 4 BP 707 EP 711 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FC919 UT WOS:A1991FC91900008 PM 1890172 ER PT J AU HOGSETTE, JA PRICHARD, DL RUFF, JP JONES, CJ AF HOGSETTE, JA PRICHARD, DL RUFF, JP JONES, CJ TI DEVELOPMENT OF A REFILLABLE EAR TAG FOR CONTROL OF HORN FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) ON BEEF-CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE LA English DT Article DE HAEMATOBIA-IRRITANS (L); EAR TAGS; BEEF CATTLE; DIAZINON; PERMETHRIN AB A refillable ear tag charged with 20% (AI) diazinon or 10% (AI) permethrin with 40% piperonyl butoxide kept horn flies (Diptera:Muscidae) below 200 flies per animal for 12 weeks. The average release rate of insecticide from tags was 0.052 g per day during an 84-day study. Tag loss was relatively high (ca. 27%) presumably because of the tags' weight when filled (25-30 g). Tags are designed to be used for several fly seasons. Because they can be refilled alternately with approved pesticide formulations from different pesticide classes, these tags should be useful for future management of insecticide resistance in fly populations. RP HOGSETTE, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECTS AFFECTING MAN & ANIM RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-3659 J9 J CONTROL RELEASE JI J. Control. Release PD APR PY 1991 VL 15 IS 2 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.1016/0168-3659(91)90074-N PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA FH067 UT WOS:A1991FH06700008 ER PT J AU STRANGE, ED KONSTANCE, RP AF STRANGE, ED KONSTANCE, RP TI A RAPID METHOD FOR LABORATORY PREPARATION OF HIGH SOLIDS CASEIN AND CASEINATE DISPERSIONS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HIGH SOLIDS CASEIN; CASEIN DISPERSIONS AB A laboratory technique for the dispersion of casein or caseinate into liquid using a food processor as the mixing tool is described. The liquid, as crushed ice, was added to the processor before or after the casein or caseinate. The progress and completeness of mixing was monitored by variances of the moisture content of product sampled from different sections of the processing bowl. Total time for complete dispersion was 8 min or less, much faster than other dispersion methods. RP STRANGE, ED (reprint author), USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 74 IS 4 BP 1181 EP 1186 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA FM532 UT WOS:A1991FM53200007 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, HD LI, R MANALU, W SPENCERJOHNSON, KJ BECKER, BA COLLIER, RJ BAILE, CA AF JOHNSON, HD LI, R MANALU, W SPENCERJOHNSON, KJ BECKER, BA COLLIER, RJ BAILE, CA TI EFFECTS OF SOMATOTROPIN ON MILK-YIELD AND PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES DURING SUMMER FARM AND HOT LABORATORY CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HEAT STRESS; SOMATOTROPIN; MILK YIELD ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; EXOGENOUS GROWTH-HORMONE; BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; HOLSTEIN COWS; HEAT-STRESS; METABOLITES; PERFORMANCE; PROLACTIN AB The effects of bST on performance and physiological responses of lactating cows was studied under farm summer and laboratory heat conditions. Twelve cows, 90 to 50 d postpartum, were injected with either bST or vehicle solution for 30 d under farm summer and 10 d under either laboratory thermoneutral or heat conditions. Somatotropin increased milk yield by 6.1 (21%), 8.1 (32%), and 7.3 kg (35%) under the farm summer, laboratory thermoneutral, and heat conditions, respectively. Somatotropin also increased milk fat by 15 and 19% and dry matter intake by 16 and 18% under laboratory thermoneutral and heat conditions, respectively. Somatotropin increased the efficiency of feed conversion into milk without any significant changes in body weight and temperatures. Somatotropin reduced plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine and cortisol and had no effect on plasma prolactin and insulin concentrations. Somatotropin did not increase water intake; however, hematocrit was decreased. The results suggest that stimulatory effects of bST on milk production are still observed on heat-stressed cows without any significant indications of additional heat stress. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,ANIM PHYSIOL & NUTR UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. MONSANTO CO,CHESTERFIELD,MO 63198. RP JOHNSON, HD (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 29 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 74 IS 4 BP 1250 EP 1262 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA FM532 UT WOS:A1991FM53200017 PM 1860972 ER PT J AU POWELL, RL WIGGANS, GR AF POWELL, RL WIGGANS, GR TI ANIMAL-MODEL EVALUATIONS FOR MEXICAN HOLSTEINS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ANIMAL MODEL; GENETIC TREND; MEXICO ID SIRE AB Genetic evaluations for milk yield of Holsteins in Mexico were computed from lactation and pedigree information from Holstein de Mexico. The US animal model system for national evaluations was adapted for Mexico. The primary change was in defining unknown-parent groups. Paths of unknown parents of bulls and sires of cows were combined and separate unknown-parent groups defined for parents of US, Canadian, and Mexican registration. Records with fewer than 305 d were expanded around management group mean; a lower limit of 50% of management group mean was imposed on these records. Based on 123,397 lactation records by 50,538 cows, evaluations were computed for 68,020 cows (including those without lactation records) and 4573 bulls. Estimate of breeding value improvement in 1986 from a quadratic curve was 87 kg milk. Animal model estimates of breeding value by birth year were similar to Modified Contemporary Comparison estimates. Correlations with previous evaluations were .90 for bulls and .85 for cows. Differences resulted from added data as well as changes in evaluation method. Cows born in 1985 with US sires had predicted breeding values for milk 380 kg higher than those with Canadian sires and 336 kg higher than those with Mexican sires. Equations were developed to convert milk PTA between Mexico and the US. No sire by country interaction was found; correlations of US and Mexican PTA were .90 (expected) and .91 (actual). RP POWELL, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 7 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 74 IS 4 BP 1420 EP 1427 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA FM532 UT WOS:A1991FM53200034 PM 1860983 ER PT J AU SHEN, SK DOWD, PF AF SHEN, SK DOWD, PF TI 1-NAPHTHYL ACETATE ESTERASE-ACTIVITY FROM CULTURES OF THE SYMBIONT YEAST OF THE CIGARETTE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, ANOBIIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; ESTERASE; LASIODERMA-SERRICORNE(F); SYMBIOTAPHRINA-KOCHII JURZITZA EX W GAMS AND V ARX ID PSEUDOPLUSIA-INCLUDENS; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; CANDIDA-LIPOLYTICA; APHID ENDOSYMBIONT; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; TRANS-PERMETHRIN; OUTER-MEMBRANE; PEA APHID; PURIFICATION; HYDROLASES AB The 1-naphthyl acetate esterase activity from the cell-free preparation of cultures of the yeast-like symbiont, Symbiotaphrina kochii Jurzitza ex. W. Gams and v. Arx, of the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.), was investigated with isoelectric focusing, gel filtration chromatography, selective inhibition, and temperature and solvent stability studies. Gel filtration indicated that activity was predominantly due to one enzyme (or closely related enzyme forms) with a molecular weight of approximately 38,000. The isoelectric point of most of the activity ranged from pH 4.6 to 4.8. The presence of three bands in this region suggested that isoenzymes were present. The apparent K(m) for the symbiont esterase was 114-mu-M and the V(max) was 8.9 nmole/min/mg protein. The symbiont esterase was relatively resistant to acetone, sensitive to temperature treatments, and partially inhibited by relatively high concentrations of organophosphates and thiol reagents, but not by chelators. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 402 EP 407 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF308 UT WOS:A1991FF30800010 ER PT J AU BUGG, RL WACKERS, FL BRUNSON, KE DUTCHER, JD PHATAK, SC AF BUGG, RL WACKERS, FL BRUNSON, KE DUTCHER, JD PHATAK, SC TI COOL-SEASON COVER CROPS RELAY INTERCROPPED WITH CANTALOUPE - INFLUENCE ON A GENERALIST PREDATOR, GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES (HEMIPTERA, LYGAEIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CANTALOUPE; COVER CROPS; GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES ID VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR; CORN AGROECOSYSTEMS; ARTHROPOD PREDATION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; INSECT PREDATORS; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; SOYBEANS; TILLAGE; POPULATIONS AB Cool-season cover crops were used in efforts to enhance densities of entomophagous insects on relay-intercropped spring plantings of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Seringe). Eight cover-cropping regimes, including a weedy fallow control, were tested in a replicated trial. Cover crop significantly affected densities of the predominant predator, a bigeyed bug, Geocoris punctipes (Say), amid cover crops, on or near cantaloupe plants, and on or near sentinel egg masses of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) pinned to cantaloupe leaves. No significant difference was found for proportions of egg masses occupied or damaged by predators. For all indices of predator abundance and efficiency, absolute responses were highest for the plots of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L., 'Mt. Barker'). Numbers of G. punctipes per sentinel egg mass were significantly greater for the subterranean clover regime than for rye, crimson clover, and a polyculture of six cover crops, but were not significantly greater than for 'Vantage' vetch or the weedy fallow control plots. Rye showed particularly low densities of G. punctipes. Cover crops had no apparent effect on densities of aphids or whiteflies (Homoptera: Aphididae, Aleyrodidae) on cantaloupe leaves. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 16 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 408 EP 416 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF308 UT WOS:A1991FF30800011 ER PT J AU HARRIS, EJ OKAMOTO, RY AF HARRIS, EJ OKAMOTO, RY TI A METHOD FOR REARING BIOSTERES-ARISANUS (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) IN THE LABORATORY SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; BIOSTERES-ARISANUS; DACUS-DORSALIS; LABORATORY REARING ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; FLIES DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; HAWAII; OAHU AB A method was developed for rearing the egg larval parasitoid, Biosteres arisanus (Sonan) in the laboratory. Papaya fruits were infested with Dacus dorsalis (Hendel) eggs and exposed to field populations of B. arisanus females. Infested fruits were held in the laboratory, and the parasitoids that emerged were used as the founders for laboratory rearing. Adaptation to reproduction under laboratory conditions occurred between the first and the sixth generations. Using the described procedures, B. arisanus was successfully reared through > 30 generations in the laboratory. More than 736,000 parasitoids were produced with a sex ratio (male:female) of 2.2:1 and mean host parasitism of 37%. RP HARRIS, EJ (reprint author), USDA,ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96804, USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 417 EP 422 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF308 UT WOS:A1991FF30800012 ER PT J AU WOODS, SA ELKINTON, JS MURRAY, KD LIEBHOLD, AM GOULD, JR PODGWAITE, JD AF WOODS, SA ELKINTON, JS MURRAY, KD LIEBHOLD, AM GOULD, JR PODGWAITE, JD TI TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS OF A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS AND PREDICTING MORTALITY IN GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) POPULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; EPIZOOTIOLOGY ID NUCLEOPOLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; PERSISTENCE; LARVAE AB Mortality from nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) among gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), neonates hatched from field-collected egg masses and larvae collected from the field was monitored at study sites in Massachusetts during 1983 through 1987. Mortality and prevalence of NPV were related to six potential predictor variables that could be obtained before egg hatch occurred in the field. These variables were calculated from egg mass density (EM Density), the number of larvae hatching from egg masses (Hatch) and the proportion of infection among hatching larvae (EM NPV). Logistic regression analyses suggest that transovum transmission is density-independent after an epizootic, whereas larva-to-larva transmission remains density-dependent. Differences may be due to the persistence of NPV on surfaces through which transmission is mediated. NPV prevalence and mortality were related to density estimates but not EM NPV or Hatch. An estimate of first instar density (L1 Density = EM Density x Hatch) provided the highest coefficient of determination, although an estimate of cadavers produced during the first wave of mortality (EM NPV x L1 Density) provided the best separation of epizootic from non-ezizootic sites. Because egg mass weight was strongly correlated with Hatch, a sampling protocol that measures egg mass density, egg mass weight, and mortality among larvae reared from field-collected egg masses may provide a reasonable predictor of subsequent NPV effect. C1 UNIV MAINE,DEPT ENTOMOL,ORONO,ME 04473. US FOREST SERV,MORGANTOWN,WV. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT ENTOMOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. US FOREST SERV,HAMDEN,CT 06514. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMHERST,MA 01003. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 43 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 423 EP 430 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF308 UT WOS:A1991FF30800013 ER PT J AU PODGWAITE, JD REARDON, RC KOLODNYHIRSCH, DM WALTON, GS AF PODGWAITE, JD REARDON, RC KOLODNYHIRSCH, DM WALTON, GS TI EFFICACY OF GROUND APPLICATION OF THE GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) NUCLEOPOLYHEDROSIS VIRUS PRODUCT, GYPCHEK SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; GYPSY MOTH; GYPCHEK; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS ID POPULATIONS AB Low and moderate density gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) populations in eastern Maryland were treated with the nucleopolyhedrosis virus product, Gypchek, using ground hydraulic equipment. A tank mix containing Orzan LS-50 (12% by vol) as a sunlight protectant, and Rhoplex B60A (2% by vol) as a sticker, was applied to six woodlots at the rate of 378 liters and 2.5 x 10(12) polyhedral inclusion bodies per ha. This rate reduced numbers of egg masses by 81% compared with numbers in six control woodlots. Larval mortality was significantly higher in treated than in control woodlots, but defoliation differences between sprayed and control woodlots were not significant. Foliage collected 14 d after spray retained sufficient activity to kill up to 38% of gypsy moth larvae in laboratory bioassays. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PEST MANAGEMENT,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. MARYLAND DEPT AGR,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21401. RP PODGWAITE, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,CTR BIOL CONTROL NE FOREST INSECTS & DIS,51 MILL POND RD,HAMDEN,CT 06514, USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 440 EP 444 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF308 UT WOS:A1991FF30800016 ER PT J AU TOMPKINS, GJ DOUGHERTY, EM GOODWIN, RH ADAMS, JR AF TOMPKINS, GJ DOUGHERTY, EM GOODWIN, RH ADAMS, JR TI MAINTENANCE OF INFECTIVITY AND VIRULENCE OF NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUSES DURING SERIAL PASSAGE IN NOCTUID (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) CELL-LINES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; BACULOVIRUSES; STEROL REQUIREMENTS; VIRUS PRODUCTION ID TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; CABBAGE-LOOPER; REPLICATION; TISSUES; HOSTS AB Nuclear polyhedrosis viruses isolated from the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (TnMNPV), Rachiplusia ou (Guenee) (RoMNPV), and a plaque purified variant of Autographa californica (Speyer) (AcMNPV6R) were serially passaged numerous times in larvae of the cabbage looper and the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner). These viruses were then serially passaged in the IPLB-SF-21AE cell line from the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and in the TNFH-368 cell line from T. ni in standard media and in media fortified with the addition of liposomal material. All of the viruses, after being passaged in these two cell lines, were bioassayed in neonate T. ni to evaluate the effect of the additional sterol and lipids in the growth media on the viruses. For each of the viruses produced in the TNFH-368 cell line with the addition of liposomes, the fifth passage virus was more virulent than the fifth passage virus in this cell line without the supplement. In addition there was no significant loss in the virulence of the fifth passage virus from that of the first passage virus when the cell growth medium was supplemented with liposomal material. It appeared that the addition of liposomal material was not as necessary for the production of these viruses when cultured in the IPLB-SF-21AE cell line as when cultured in the TNFH-368 cell line. The growth medium used for the IPLB-SF-21AE line is balanced so that the cells can utilize the exogenous sterols and lipids provided by the serum supplement in the standard medium in such a manner that the virulence of the enveloped viruses produced in this cell line did not deteriorate in the absence of liposomes. C1 RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 445 EP 449 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF308 UT WOS:A1991FF30800017 ER PT J AU THOMAS, WM AF THOMAS, WM TI MODELING THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND GOSSYPOL CONCENTRATION ON DEVELOPMENTAL RATE OF HELICOVERPA-ZEA (BODDIE) (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; BOLLWORM; GOSSYPOL; MODEL ID TOBACCO BUDWORM; COTTON AB The interaction between temperature and gossypol concentration on Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) developmental rate was studied by rearing larvae on artificial diets containing different concentrations of gossypol (0-0.27% at 0.045% increments) at constant temperatures of 18.3, 23.9, 29.4, and 35.0-degrees-C. Larvae reared on different concentrations of gossypol showed sigmoid developmental rate curves, with developmental rate decreasing as gossypol concentration increased. Response surface analysis showed a highly significant temperature x gossypol interaction for developmental rate. However, when the data were transformed to a proportion of the control (0% gossypol), there was no temperature effect or interaction. A quadratic regression equation was developed to describe the proportional change in developmental time as a function of gossypol concentration. Multiplying a biophysical model of poikilotherm development by the proportion of the control resulted in accurate prediction of developmental rate as gossypol concentration changed. RP THOMAS, WM (reprint author), USDA,ARS,COTTON PROD RES UNIT,POB 2131,FLORENCE,SC 29503, USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 466 EP 469 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF308 UT WOS:A1991FF30800021 ER PT J AU HUTCHISON, WD BEASLEY, CA HENNEBERRY, TJ MARTIN, JM AF HUTCHISON, WD BEASLEY, CA HENNEBERRY, TJ MARTIN, JM TI TIMING INSECTICIDE APPLICATIONS FOR PINK-BOLLWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, GELECHIIDAE) MANAGEMENT - COMPARISON OF EGG AND LARVA TREATMENT THRESHOLDS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; PECTINOPHORA-GOSSYPIELLA; COTTON; TREATMENT THRESHOLD ID RESISTANCE; GOSSYPLURE; COTTON; MOTH AB Sampling of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), eggs was evaluated during 1987 as an alternative to conventional sampling of larvae for making insecticide treatment decisions. Eight cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., fields, almost-equal-to 16 ha each, were managed using a treatment threshold of 4-6% egg-infested bolls. The remaining eight fields were managed by pest control advisers and treated when 5% of susceptible green bolls were infested with one or more larvae. Total insecticide applications in the egg and larva threshold fields averaged 6.26 and 8.13 per field, respectively. Despite the significant 23% reduction (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) in insecticide use and significantly higher larval infestations in the egg threshold fields (8.8 compared with 4.6% in larva threshold fields) (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05), there were no significant differences in yield (P = 0.49 for lint weight) between the fields assigned to each management scheme. Results are discussed in light of previous studies on pink bollworm treatment thresholds. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,COOPERAT EXTENS SERV,NATL WEATHER SERV,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 470 EP 475 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF308 UT WOS:A1991FF30800022 ER PT J AU STADELBACHER, EA AF STADELBACHER, EA TI BOLLWORM AND TOBACCO BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) - LABELING OF ADULTS PRODUCED IN WILD GERANIUM, GERANIUM-DISSECTUM, TREATED WITH RUBIDIUM OR STRONTIUM CHLORIDE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HELIOTHIS; HELICOVERPA; TRACE ELEMENT LABELING ID PINK BOLLWORM; MARKING; MISSISSIPPI; DISPERSAL; DELTA; CORN; INSECTS; MARKER; PLANTS; HOST AB The feasibility of marking the adult stage of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (F.) by treating Geranium dissectum L. with aqueous solutions of strontium chloride (SrCl2) or rubidium chloride (RbCl) was studied. G. dissectum is a major wild host plant of the F1 larval generation of those pests in the Delta of Mississippi. Strontium chloride was 100% effective in marking the adults only when used as a foliar treatment of G. dissectum at 108 kg per ha in the greenhouse. Rubidium chloride was 100% effective in marking moths when applied as a foliar spray in the greenhouse at 27.14, and 3 kg per ha and in the field at 12, 6, and 4 kg per ha. Soil applications of rubidium chloride in the greenhouse were 100% effective in marking moths when applied at 138 kg per ha, but only 86.4 and 30.0% of the moths were effectively marked at rates of 69 and 14 kg per ha, respectively. These results show that rubidium chloride can be used in the field to effectively mark the F1 adults of Helicoverpa and Heliothis produced on wild geranium. This technique should be of great value, when used in conjuction with adult trapping, in determining the period of emergence, range of dispersal, and role of G. dissectum in the annual early-season colonization of cotton by these two pests. RP STADELBACHER, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO FIELD CROP INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 486 EP 501 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF308 UT WOS:A1991FF30800026 ER PT J AU SCHATZKI, TF AF SCHATZKI, TF TI EFFECTIVENESS OF SCREENING METHODS FOR CONTRABAND RECOVERY SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; AGRICULTURAL CONTRABAND; SCREENING; AIRLINE BAGGAGE AB Passenger profile and x-ray screens are used in tandem to select passenger baggage to search for agricultural contraband at international arrivals at U.S. airports. To test the effectiveness of this system, approximately 5,000 random bags were sampled and searched over a period of 3 months during the summer of 1989. The results are expressed as the number of bags containing at least one item of contraband. Of the approximately 23,000 bags that arrived daily at the main terminal at Los Angeles International Airport, 1.4% +/- 0.2% (SEM) or 334 +/- 44 (SEM) contained contraband. Profiling selected 7% of the total while capturing 25% of bags with contraband. Subsequent x-ray selected 13% and captured 44%, for an overall recovery of 11 +/- 2% by searching 1% of all arriving bags. These results should be applicable to other airports with the same screening system. Calculations indicate that placing x-ray units on the baggage belts should result in a 14% recovery with the same staff and that perhaps 18% may be possible with improved technology and training. Further reduction of non-detected contraband probably cannot be accomplished by searching alone but will require encouraging passengers to reduce such imports. RP SCHATZKI, TF (reprint author), USDA,ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD QUAL RES,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 489 EP 495 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF308 UT WOS:A1991FF30800025 ER PT J AU SHARP, JL GAFFNEY, JJ MOSS, JI GOULD, WP AF SHARP, JL GAFFNEY, JJ MOSS, JI GOULD, WP TI HOT-AIR TREATMENT DEVICE FOR QUARANTINE RESEARCH SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; MANGO; CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY; RESEARCH TOOL AB We describe a hot-air treatment device to be used in quarantine research to disinfest fruits of pests. The device consists of instruments mounted to a 1.905 cm thick plywood structure (1.2 m long by 1.2 m wide by 2.44 m high) with an insulated door. Relays, fuses, heater, fan, steam generator, airflow meter, dew-point sampling system, and thermocouple wires are connected to electricity and to each other through a main power panel and to a computer. The software used controlled air at precise dry-bulb and dew-point temperatures for selected time durations to prevent condensation on fruit surfaces and fruit desiccation. Air mass flow rate was adjustable with a variable speed control. When 'Keitt' mangoes infested with Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), larvae were treated with air at 51.67-degrees-C for 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 min, mortality was 20, 45, 79, 96, 100, and 100%, respectively. The estimated treatment time for 99.9968% mortality was 101 min (85-131 min, 95% FL). C1 USDA ARS,BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP SHARP, JL (reprint author), USDA,ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 8 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 520 EP 527 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF308 UT WOS:A1991FF30800030 ER PT J AU YOKOYAMA, VY MILLER, GT DOWELL, RV AF YOKOYAMA, VY MILLER, GT DOWELL, RV TI RESPONSE OF CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) TO HIGH-TEMPERATURE, A POTENTIAL QUARANTINE TREATMENT FOR EXPORTED COMMODITIES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CYDIA-POMONELLA; QUARANTINES; HEAT TREATMENTS ID METHYL-BROMIDE FUMIGATION; OLETHREUTIDAE; LARVAE; NECTARINES; CHERRIES; QUALITY; STORAGE; APPLES AB Response of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), eggs and first through fifth instars to each 1.0-degrees-C increase in temperature from 45.0 to 51.0-degrees-C was directly related to a lower LT50 and less time to cause 100% mortality for each life stage. An increase in temperature caused a decrease in the minimum exposure time needed to prevent adult emergence from treated immatures. Exposure of either the female or male to 44.0 or 45.0-degrees-C for 20 min in the fourth or fifth instar resulted in fewer eggs laid per female and lower egg viability than in the unexposed controls. Exposure of the male had a greater effect on fecundity than exposure of the female. Viable eggs were laid by pairs in which either the female or male was exposed to 45.0-degrees-C for 20 min in the fourth instar. No histological abnormalities were found in the tests of adult male codling moths that had been exposed to 46.0-degrees-C for 20 min in the fifth instar. C1 STATE CALIF DEPT FOOD & AGR,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814. RP YOKOYAMA, VY (reprint author), USDA,ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 19 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 528 EP 531 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF308 UT WOS:A1991FF30800031 ER PT J AU HANSEN, JD HARA, AH CHAN, HT TENBRINK, VL AF HANSEN, JD HARA, AH CHAN, HT TENBRINK, VL TI EFFICACY OF HYDROGEN-CYANIDE FUMIGATION AS A TREATMENT FOR PESTS OF HAWAIIAN CUT FLOWERS AND FOLIAGE AFTER HARVEST SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; FUMIGATION; CUT FLOWERS; PESTS AB Efficacy of 30 min fumigations at 2,500, 3,700, and 4,600 ppm of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) was tested in the laboratory as a treatment against representative Hawaiian quarantine pests. Effective results were obtained for nymphs and adults of the banana aphid, Pentalonia nigroervosa Coquerel, in red ginger flowers; an armored scale, Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli (Cooley), on oleander leaves; the green scale, Coccus viridis (Green), on ixora leaves; and nymphs of the coconut mealybug, Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell), on palm. Other species of mealybugs and ants also were susceptible to the treatment, particularly at the highest concentration. Most nymphs and adults of a thrips, Sciothrips cardamomi (Ramakrishna), in red ginger flowers survived all concentrations of fumigation. All adults of an orchid weevil, Orchidophilus aterrimus (Waterhouse), survived the treatment. The suitability of HCN fumigation is discussed. C1 UNIV HAWAII MANOA,HAWAII INST TROP AGR & HUMAN RESOURCES,HILO,HI 96720. USDA,ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGTABLE RES LAB,HILO,HI 96720. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 532 EP 536 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF308 UT WOS:A1991FF30800032 ER PT J AU MOSS, JI JANG, EB AF MOSS, JI JANG, EB TI EFFECTS OF AGE AND METABOLIC STRESS ON HEAT TOLERANCE OF MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) EGGS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HEAT STRESS; CERATITIS-CAPITATA ID KINETICS; DEATH AB Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), eggs were immersed in hot water (41-43-degrees-C) to determine the tolerance of egg stages to heat treatment. Dinitrophenol or rotenone acted synergistically to increase mortality caused by hot water. Mortality and the thermal death kinetic parameters changed when the eggs were immersed in hot water with reduced oxygen. Mortality was dependent on the age of the eggs. C1 USDA,ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HILO,HI 96720. NR 9 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 537 EP 541 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF308 UT WOS:A1991FF30800033 ER PT J AU BING, JW GUTHRIE, WD DICKE, FF OBRYCKI, JJ AF BING, JW GUTHRIE, WD DICKE, FF OBRYCKI, JJ TI SEEDLING STAGE FEEDING BY CORN LEAF APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) - INFLUENCE ON PLANT DEVELOPMENT IN MAIZE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; RHOPALOSIPHUM-MAIDIS (FITCH); MAIZE GENOTYPES; ZEA-MAYS L ID CHINCH BUG; FIELD CORN; HETEROPTERA; LYGAEIDAE AB Five maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines (B37, B73, C103, Mo17, and B96 [41:2504B]) were infested with alate corn leaf aphids, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), in the greenhouse, and then transplanted to the field to quantify the effects of seedling feeding. Feeding by corn leaf aphids on coleoptile and two-leaf stage plants delayed plant development; plant height was reduced, and pollen shed and silking were delayed. Grain fill was also lower for plants infested in the coleoptile, two-leaf, and four-leaf stages compared with uninfested plants. Aphid feeding reduced grain-fill ratings in inbreds B37, C103, and B96, but did not reduce grain fill in B73 and Mo17. Alate corn leaf aphid feeding on seedling maize can affect plant development and grain fill later in the season. C1 USDA,ARS,MWA,ANKENY,IA 50021. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP BING, JW (reprint author), AGRIGENET CO,POB 508,SLATER,IA 50244, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 625 EP 632 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF308 UT WOS:A1991FF30800045 ER PT J AU REINECKE, JP AF REINECKE, JP TI INCREASED FIELD TRAP CAPTURE OF THE MASS-REARED BOLL-WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) FED DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH BETA-CAROTENE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; NUTRITION; VISION; VITAMIN-A AB Boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, reared on diet supplemented with beta-carotene found field targets (APHIS boll weevil e eradication traps) at approximately twice the rate of weevils that were fed on unsupplemented diet used for mass-rearing boll weevils. Larval diet containing beta-carotene at (12 mg/kg) was optimal. The two-fold increase in trap capture was observed with boll weevils fed on diet supplemented with beta-carotene as larvae but not as adults. Boll weevils sterilized with 10 krad gamma irradiation were also trapped at an increased rate (about 2-fold) when fed the mass-rearing diet supplemented with beta-carotene. Twelve mg beta-carotene per kg artificial diet is slightly more than the concentration reported to occur in cotton squares on which larval boll weevils feed in nature. Mass-reared boll weevils are now fed as larvae on wet diet containing beta-carotene (12 mg/kg). C1 USDA ARS,INSECT REARING RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 633 EP 637 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF308 UT WOS:A1991FF30800046 ER PT J AU WEBSTER, JA BAKER, CA PORTER, DR AF WEBSTER, JA BAKER, CA PORTER, DR TI DETECTION AND MECHANISMS OF RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) RESISTANCE IN BARLEY SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; BARLEY; RESISTANCE AB A collection of 524 barely lines from areas of the world where the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), and barley, Hordeum vulgare L., have coexisted was evaluated for sympatric resistance to this pest. Mass screening tests were conducted in a growth chamber and greenhouse with seedlings planted in flats. Additional tests to determine the mechanisms of resistance were performed with nine of these lines. The lines and their sources are PI 366444, PI 366447, PI 366449, PI 366450, PI 366453 (Afghanistan); CI 1412, PI 430140, PI 430142 (Iran); and PI 447219 (Spain). Various levels of antibiosis and tolerance were exhibited in most of the lines tested in comparison with 'Wintermalt' (CI 15767), the susceptible control. For example, in the antibiosis test, an average of 27.3 nymphs per adult were produced on PI 366449 compared with 50.0 on 'Wintermalt'. In the tolerance test, plant growth and leaf area of some of the resistant entries were not affected by the Russian wheat aphid, whereas growth and leaf area of infested 'Wintermalt' plants was only 61% of noninfested 'Wintermalt' plants. Plant survivors of these tests have been saved for developing Russian wheat aphid plant-resistant germplasm for the North American barley industry. RP WEBSTER, JA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB, STILLWATER, OK 74075 USA. NR 16 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 669 EP 673 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF308 UT WOS:A1991FF30800053 ER PT J AU ISENHOUR, DJ DUNCAN, RR MILLER, DR WASKOM, RM HANNING, GE WISEMAN, BR NABORS, MW AF ISENHOUR, DJ DUNCAN, RR MILLER, DR WASKOM, RM HANNING, GE WISEMAN, BR NABORS, MW TI RESISTANCE TO LEAF-FEEDING BY THE FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) IN TISSUE-CULTURE DERIVED SORGHUMS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; PLANT RESISTANCE; SOMACLONAL VARIATION; BREEDING ID PLANT-RESISTANCE AB Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes regenerated from tissue culture were evaluated under field and laboratory conditions for resistance to leaf-feeding by the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Two regenerated lines were identified as having a significantly higher level of resistance to fall armyworm feeding as compared with the non-regenerated and susceptible parent, 'Hegari.' Laboratory studies measuring growth and development of fall armyworm were conducted with meridic diets containing dried sorghum foliage from regenerated or non-regenerated plant material. Significant reductions in larval weights were detected for two R3 lines compared with the non-regenerated parent, suggesting that antibiosis may be involved. Free-choice studies revealed a significant degree of non-preference for the R3 line that had shown the greatest adverse effect on fall armyworm growth in the developmental studies. These results indicate that tissue culture-induced variations can be a viable means of generating new sources of genetic diversity for use in crop improvement. C1 GEORGIA EXPTL STN,DEPT AGRON,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. COLORADO STATE UNIV,TISSUE CULTURE CROPS PROJECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. ANHEUSER BUSCH INC,COOPERAT RES & DEV,ST LOUIS,MO 63118. USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP ISENHOUR, DJ (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 680 EP 684 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF308 UT WOS:A1991FF30800055 ER PT J AU KINDLER, SD BREEN, JP SPRINGER, TL AF KINDLER, SD BREEN, JP SPRINGER, TL TI REPRODUCTION AND DAMAGE BY RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) AS INFLUENCED BY FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES AND COOL-SEASON TURFGRASSES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; HOST PLANT RESISTANCE; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES ID DIURAPHIS-NOXIA HOMOPTERA; TALL FESCUE; ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; LOLIUM ENDOPHYTE; UNITED-STATES; GRASSES; ASSOCIATION; PERFORMANCE AB In the Pacific Northwest of the United States, certain cool-season turfgrasses grown for seed are colonized by Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko). The objectives of our study were to determine which turfgrass species are colonized and damaged by the aphid, to determine if genetic resistance occurs within genotypes of the same species, and to determine if fungal endophytes enhance aphid resistance in turfgrasses. Compared with cereal species and intermediate wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp. intermedia), turfgrass species were not as susceptible to Russian wheat aphid. Festuca spp. were better hosts than other grass species. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. 'Repell' and 'Regal') had resistance 6 wk after infestation. Redtop (Agrostis alba L. 'Streaker'), sheep fescue (Festuca ovina L. 'Azay'), slender creeping red fescue (F. rubra subsp. litoralis 'Logro'), and tall fescue (F. arundinacea Screb. 'Mustang,' 'Apache,' and 'Rebel') had intermediate resistance to Russian wheat aphid feeding. 'Repell' and 'Regal' were infected with a fungal endophyte, Acremonium lolii Latch, Christenson, & Samuels. 'Mustang' was infected with Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones & Gams, and 'Wrangler' was infected with an unidentified species of Acremonium. Sheep fescue 'Bighorn' and strong creeping fed fescue (F. rubra L. subsp. rubra, 'Ruby') were infected with Epichloe typhina (Pers. ex Fr.) Tul. 'Repell' and 'Regal' showed the greatest resistance to aphid feeding, suggesting that plant resistance may have been enhanced by the presence of fungal endophytes. Observations suggest that Russian wheat aphid survival was better on isogenic lines of endophyte-free tall fescue and that nymphs were more sensitive to the presence of fungal endophyte than adults. Researchers in the areas of plant resistance and germplasm screening for genetic resistance to aphids must be cognizant of fungal endophyte and its effect on aphid biology. C1 USDA,ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,STILLWATER,OK 74075. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,COOK COLL,CTR AGBIOTECH,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 685 EP 692 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF308 UT WOS:A1991FF30800056 ER PT J AU WILSON, RL WISEMAN, BR REED, GL AF WILSON, RL WISEMAN, BR REED, GL TI EVALUATION OF ELDREDGE,J.,C. POPCORN COLLECTION FOR RESISTANCE TO CORN-EARWORM, FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE), AND EUROPEAN CORN-BORER (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HOST PLANT RESISTANCE; MAIZE ID SILK AB Discovery that popcorn (Zea mays L.) PI 340856 was resistant to corn earworm (Heliothis zea (Boddie)) led us to evaluate 34 additional lines developed by J. C. Eldredge for resistance to corn earworm, European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner)), and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith). The 35 lines were evaluated for corn earworm resistance in the field with artificial infestation at Ames, Iowa, and Tifton, Ga., and with natural infestation at Hermiston, Oreg. None of the lines was better than the resistant check, 'Zapalote Chico' (PI 217413), at any of the three locations. Several lines had significantly better damage ratings than the susceptible checks. A bioassay of these materials for corn earworm resistance was run in the laboratory at Ames and Tifton by adding dried maize silks to laboratory diets and monitoring insect growth and development. Six lines were evaluated as resistant at both locations. In the field at Ames, two of these six lines were rated resistant to European corn borer. Fall armyworm field resistance ratings at Tifton indicated that one line was resistant after 7 d, but it was intermediate after 14 d. The J. C. Eldredge collection of popcorns provides sources of antibiosis to corn earworm and European corn borer and is available for use by plant breeders. Corn earworm resistance may be enhanced by breeding for husk protection, which may provide an environment that will capitalize on the antibiotic factors found in the maize silks. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,HERMISTON AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,HERMISTON,OR 97838. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,N CENT REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,AMES,IA 50011. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 2 BP 693 EP 698 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FF308 UT WOS:A1991FF30800057 ER PT J AU ARGAUER, RJ CANTWELL, GE CANTELO, WW AF ARGAUER, RJ CANTWELL, GE CANTELO, WW TI EVIDENCE FOR A NOVEL INSECTICIDALLY ACTIVE EXOTOXIN PRODUCED BY THE HD-116 STRAIN OF BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS VAR MORRISONI SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; EXOTOXIN; THURINGIENSIN; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; INSECTICIDE; LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS VAR MORRISONI ID BETA-EXOTOXIN; ASSAY; HPLC AB Liquid chromatographic and bioassay data provide evidence for a novel exotoxin produced by the HD 116 strain of Bacillus thuringiensis var. morrisoni. The exotoxin from HD 116 differs from the well known beta-exotoxin produced by the HD 59 strain of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis. Chromatograms of aliquots of filtered fermentation broth taken before and after inoculation with the organisms HD 116 and HD 59 were compared. Based on retention times of the obtained peaks, chromatographic fractions were obtained and activity against first instar larvae of the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was determined. Fractions based upon similar retention times that were active from var. morrisoni were not active from var. thuringiensis and vice versa. Our conclusion that the new exotoxin may be a diphosphate analog of thuringiensin is based on a comparison of relative retention times among several adenine nucleotides. We have tentatively named this new extracellular exotoxin sigma-exotoxin. RP ARGAUER, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 26 IS 2 BP 205 EP 213 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FL721 UT WOS:A1991FL72100001 ER PT J AU CHEN, BH FOSTER, JE ARAYA, JE TAYLOR, PL AF CHEN, BH FOSTER, JE ARAYA, JE TAYLOR, PL TI PARASITISM OF MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) BY PLATYGASTER-HIEMALIS (HYMENOPTERA, PLATYGASTERIDAE) ON HESSIAN FLY-RESISTANT WHEATS SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CALDWELL; HESSIAN FLY; KNOX-62; MONON; PARASITOID; PLANT RESISTANCE; WHEAT; MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; PLATYGASTER-HIEMALIS ID CAMPOLETIS-SONORENSIS; INSECT RESISTANCE; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; TOMATO; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE AB Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of three wheat cultivars, 'Knox 62,' 'Caldwell,' and Monon,' on the Hessian fly; Mayetiola destructor (Say), and its parasitoid, Platygaster hiemalis Forbes. The number of Hessian flies that survived from the egg to the "flaxseed" stage, the number of Hessian flies parasitized by P. hiemalis, and the average number of parasitoids produced within each parasitized puparium were used to determine the effect of the cultivar on the Hessian fly and indirectly on the parasitoid. The fewest surviving Hessian flies, and the least level of parasitism were found on Knox 62. Cultivars which had high antibiosis against the Hessian fly also reduced the effectiveness of this parasitoid. Furthermore, resistance and parasitism complemented each other in reducing the numbers of Hessian flies. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP CHEN, BH (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 26 IS 2 BP 237 EP 243 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FL721 UT WOS:A1991FL72100005 ER PT J AU NORD, JC AF NORD, JC TI A LABORATORY RAIN CHAMBER FOR TESTING RAINFASTNESS OF INSECTICIDE DEPOSITS SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE RAIN CHAMBER; RAINFASTNESS ID COTTON RP NORD, JC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,GREEN ST,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 26 IS 2 BP 267 EP 270 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FL721 UT WOS:A1991FL72100009 ER PT J AU LASTER, ML STADELBACHER, EA AF LASTER, ML STADELBACHER, EA TI EFFECT OF LONG-TERM COLONIZATION ON ATTRACTANCY OF FEMALES TO WILD MALES - HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS AND HELIOTHIS-HYBRID BACKCROSS (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; HELIOTHIS-HYBRID; LAB-REARING; FEMALE-ATTRACTANCY ID TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; RESISTANCE; MISSISSIPPI; BEHAVIOR AB The sexual attractancy of female Heliothis virescens (F.) which had been cultured in the laboratory for 40 generations and of hybrid and backcross females (H. subflexa female X H. virescens male) was determined and compared with the attractancy of wild female H. virescens. In field tests, females reared (< 1 generation) from field-collected larvae were significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) less attractive to wild males than were females reared in the laboratory for 40 generations (HVL-40), but the attractancy of females reared in the laboratory for 1 or 41 generations did not differ significantly. The attractancy of H. virescens females from generations 40, 41 and BC females from generations 41, 42 or 179, 180 did not differ significantly in any of five tests, except in test three, where more wild males were attracted by HVL-40 than by BC-41 females. Continuous backcrossing of the female hybrid (180 generations) did not affect the attractivity of the female to the wild males. The attractancy of lab-reared H. virescens (except for generation 40) or hybrid BC virgin females, regardless of generation, to wild H. virescens males was not significantly different from that of the synthetic female sex pheromone Z-11-Hexadecenal: Z-9-tetradecenal (14.6:1). The data indicate the attractancy of H. virescens and BC virgin females to wild males may be enhanced by continuous laboratory rearing. These findings are important in population dynamic studies in which lab-reared females are used and in determining the ratio of BC to wild H. virescens females needed to suppress a given population of H. virescens. RP LASTER, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 26 IS 2 BP 281 EP 286 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FL721 UT WOS:A1991FL72100011 ER PT J AU NORD, JC PEPPER, WD AF NORD, JC PEPPER, WD TI RAINFASTNESS OF INSECTICIDE DEPOSITS ON LOBLOLLY-PINE FOLIAGE AND THE EFFICACY OF ADJUVANTS IN PREVENTING WASHOFF SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; LEPTOGLOSSUS-CORCULUS; PINUS-TAEDA; AZINPHOSMETHYL; MALATHION; PERMETHRIN; PHOSMET; ADJUVANTS ID COTTON PLANTS; TOXICITIES; RESIDUES; RAINFALL; COREIDAE AB The rainfastness of several insecticides on loblolly pine foliage was determined by using a laboratory rain chamber and by testing the foliage in bioassays with adult leaffooted pine seed bugs, Leptoglossus corculus (Say). The efficacy of eight commercial and two experimental adjuvants in preventing rainwashing of deposits of azinphosmethyl and phosmet from loblolly pine foliage was also determined. Deposits of azinphosmethyl from 0.2% (AI) simulated sprays made from emulsifiable concentrates (EC's), (Guthion 2S and 2L), were highly susceptible to rainwashing. Regression analysis of these data showed a significant linear relationship between arcsin percent mortality and rainfall amount in cm [y = 68.08 - 6.88/(Rainfall)]. Using the confidence intervals from the regression analysis, it was estimated that rainfall in excess of 1.42 cm would reduce mean seed bug mortality on treated foliage to an amount below 80% with 95% confidence, and likewise, rainfall in excess of 3.95 cm would reduce mean mortality to an amount below 50%. However, mortality of L. corculus on deposits of simulated azinphosmethyl 0.2% (AI) sprays made from the wettable powder (Guthion 50 WP) were virtually unaffected by 15 cm of rain. Spray deposits from permethrin (Pounce 3.2EC) at lower rates were moderately to highly resistant to rainwashing. Regression analyses performed on these data showed no significant relationship between mortality and rainfall amount. Most of the adjuvants were ineffective in preventing rainwashing of deposits of azinphosmethyl (EC) or phosmet (WP). Only two, Bio-Film and Exhalt 800, showed any promise. RP NORD, JC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 26 IS 2 BP 287 EP 298 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FL721 UT WOS:A1991FL72100012 ER PT J AU HAMILTON, JA CROMPTON, JL MORE, TA AF HAMILTON, JA CROMPTON, JL MORE, TA TI IDENTIFYING THE DIMENSIONS OF SERVICE QUALITY IN A PARK CONTEXT SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SERVICE QUALITY; PARKS; VARCLUS ID MODEL C1 US FOREST SERV, WASHINGTON, DC USA. RP HAMILTON, JA (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST, TEXAS AGR EXPT STN, DEPT RECREAT PK & TOURISM SCI, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 1991 VL 32 IS 3 BP 211 EP 220 DI 10.1016/S0301-4797(05)80052-0 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FH847 UT WOS:A1991FH84700002 ER PT J AU OWENS, LB EDWARDS, WM KEUREN, RW AF OWENS, LB EDWARDS, WM KEUREN, RW TI BASEFLOW AND STORMFLOW TRANSPORT OF NUTRIENTS FROM MIXED AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER QUALITY; PASTURE PROGRAM; NITROGEN; FERTILITY; LOSSES; UPLAND; SOIL AB Many of the reported nutrient losses from agricultural areas, especially where artificial subsurface drainage is not present, have been from surface runoff. In unglaciated, well drained silt loams in eastcentral Ohio, a portion of the infiltrated rainfall moves through the soil returning to the surface at springs or seep areas. Such return flow often creates a constant baseflow in multi-hectare watersheds. The purposes of this study were to compare relative water and nutrient transports via storm runoff with amounts removed in continuous baseflow and to evaluate the influence of different management practices on such transport. Baseflow and storm runoff from four watersheds with different land use practices were measured, sampled, and analyzed for these comparisons. In two watersheds, 123 and 32.1 ha in size, containing woodland, pasture, and row crops, the majority of N moved from the watersheds in the storm runoff; however, 25 to 50% of the N transport was via baseflow. Using 10-yr averages, 5.0 and 2.8 kg/ha of mineral N were annually transported from the 123-ha watershed via 242 and 196 mm of storm runoff and baseflow, respectively; from the 32-ha watershed, 3.6 and 3.2 kg/ha of mineral N were annually transported via 144 and 198 mm of storm runoff and baseflow, respectively. Mineral N transport from a 28.8-ha poor practice pasture watershed and from a 17.7-ha wooded watershed was less than above, but the proportions in storm runoff and baseflow were similar. Although stormflow was the larger transport pathway for nutrients leaving a watershed, a sizable portion of the nutrients can be carried with the baseflow. This comparison of watersheds in an unglaciated area indicates that there is a negligible difference in the quality of water leaving an unfertilized wooded area or unfertilized pasture or a watershed that receives fertilization on 55% of its area. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP OWENS, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXP WATERSHED,POB 478,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA. NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 407 EP 414 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FK179 UT WOS:A1991FK17900012 ER PT J AU SHARPLEY, AN SMITH, SJ JONES, OR BERG, WA COLEMAN, GA AF SHARPLEY, AN SMITH, SJ JONES, OR BERG, WA COLEMAN, GA TI TRANSPORT AND PREDICTION OF SULFATE IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS DESORPTION; DRY DEPOSITION; SOIL; SULFUR; ADSORPTION; KINETICS; WATER; LAND AB The measurement and simulation of sulfate-S (SO4-S) mobility in agricultural watersheds is necessary to evaluate the effect of management practices on associated crop S deficiencies, enhanced leaching loss of nutrient cations, and acidification of percolation waters. The concentrations and amounts of SO4-S in runoff from six grassed and 13 cropped watersheds in the Southern Plains were, thus, measured over a 4-yr period. Sulfate-S transport in runoff was predicted using an equation describing the kinetics of SO4-S desorption from soil and compared with measured values. No SO4-S was added to any of the watersheds directly as S fertilizer or indirectly in N or P fertilizer material. No difference (at 5% level) in SO4-S concentration in runoff from grassed (mean annual value of 12.6 mg L-1) and cropped (mean annual value of 11.0 mg L-1) watersheds was observed. Differences in amounts (0.2-18.9 kg ha-1 yr-1) were a function of runoff volume as influenced by land management. A general trend of increasing SO4-S concentration in runoff with decreasing pH was observed, which may be a function of S dry deposition and soil and crop conditions. Measured and predicted SO4-S concentrations in runoff for individual events were not significantly different (at 5% level), with an average predictive standard error of 1.6 mg L-1 for all watersheds, representing 17% of the measured concentration. The equation may, thus, provide a predictive tool in agronomic and environmental studies of SO4-S movement in agricultural watersheds. C1 USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE EXP STN,WOODWARD,OK 73801. SO PLAINS WATERSHED & WATER QUALITY LAB,CHICKASHA,OK 73018. USDA ARS,CONSERV & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. RP SHARPLEY, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER QUALITY & WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 415 EP 420 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FK179 UT WOS:A1991FK17900013 ER PT J AU BELL, PF JAMES, BR CHANEY, RL AF BELL, PF JAMES, BR CHANEY, RL TI HEAVY-METAL EXTRACTABILITY IN LONG-TERM SEWAGE-SLUDGE AND METAL SALT-AMENDED SOILS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ACCUMULATION; AVAILABILITY; MANGANESE; CADMIUM; ZINC; CU; ZN AB Heavy metals applied to agricultural soils as soluble salts are usually considered more plant available in the short-term than equivalent amounts of metals applied to soil in sewage sludge. Slow soil chemical processes over several years, however, may change the forms, extractability, and bioavailability of metals. To determine the long-term changes in forms of Cd added to a soil, Cd and other heavy metals were extracted with several solutions from a Christiana fine sandy loam (Typic Paleudult; clayey, kaolinitic, mesic) Ap horizon 8 or 9 yr after application of sewage sludge or CdCl2. Cadmium was applied at the rate of 21 kg ha-1 either as a component of sewage sludge or as CdCl2 in 1978 and 1979, respectively. In 1987, the distribution of Cd and other metals among soil fractions was operationally defined using the following selective dissolution and total metal analyses techniques: 10 mM Ca(NO3)2 (soluble); 5 mM DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetate)-10 mM CaCl2-100 mM triethanolamine (TEA), pH 7.5 (exchangeable/organically complexed); 100 mM NH2OH.HCl-10 mM HNO3 (pH 2) (Mn oxide bound); 100 mM NH2OH.HCl-1M HNO3 (paracrystalline Fe oxide bound); and aqua regia dissolution (total soil metal). The percentages of total soil Zn, Mn, and Fe extracted by DTPA and Ca(NO3)2 from the sludge or salt-amended soils were much less (< 4%) than the percentages for Cd (47-60%), indicating greater potential mobility for Cd than for the other metals, regardless of the form of Cd added originally. A larger percentage of total soil Cd was extracted with the paracrystalline iron oxide fraction of the sludge-amended soil (35%) than in the salt-amended soil (23%). This greater apparent Cd association with Fe oxides in the sludge-amended soil may have been due to the greater quantity of paracrystalline Fe oxides in that soil (843 vs. 616 mg Fe kg-1 for the sludge and salt-amended soils, respectively). Compared to the sludge-amended soil, the salt-amended soil had a higher percentage of Cd in the soluble and exchangeable fractions (60 vs. 47%) and nearly equal percentages in the residual fraction (15%), suggesting, at the same total soil Cd concentration (5 mg kg-1 in 1987), plant-available Cd would be greater from the salt-amended soil. The sludge addition apparently enhanced retention of Cd in an iron oxide pool, relative to the soluble and exchangeable forms. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 29 TC 113 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 481 EP 486 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA FK179 UT WOS:A1991FK17900023 ER PT J AU DEZUNIGA, AG ANDERSON, ME MARSHALL, RT IANNOTTI, EL AF DEZUNIGA, AG ANDERSON, ME MARSHALL, RT IANNOTTI, EL TI A MODEL SYSTEM FOR STUDYING THE PENETRATION OF MICROORGANISMS INTO MEAT SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CARCASS AB This study assessed the effect of line pressure used in spraying meat surfaces on removal of inoculated bacteria and on penetration of Blue Lake, an insoluble dye, into sprayed meat. Pressures used in this analysis were 690, 2070, 4140, and 6200 kPa. The highest pressure, 6200 kPa, removed significantly less aerobic bacteria than the other three lower pressures. No significant differences in removal of Enterobacteriaceae were noted due to pressure. Nozzle type was also a variable in the study on penetration. Type of nozzle had a significant effect on the penetration of the Blue Lake into the meat at a pressure of 6200 kPa. An equation describing penetration of the Blue Lake into the meat is given. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT FOOD SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 7 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 1991 VL 54 IS 4 BP 256 EP 258 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA FG045 UT WOS:A1991FG04500003 ER PT J AU ABOUZIED, MM BEREMAND, MN MCCORMICK, SP PESTKA, JJ AF ABOUZIED, MM BEREMAND, MN MCCORMICK, SP PESTKA, JJ TI REACTIVITY OF DEOXYNIVALENOL (VOMITOXIN) MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY TOWARDS PUTATIVE TRICHOTHECENE PRECURSORS AND SHUNT METABOLITES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID MYCOTOXINS; ASSAY AB The reactivity of deoxynivalenol (DON) monoclonal antibody 6F5 towards trichothecenes and Fusarium metabolites associated with DON and T-2 toxin biosynthesis was assessed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Using concentrations required to inhibit antibody binding to a DON hemisuccinate ovalbumin conjugate solid phase by 50% as a basis of comparison, isotrichodermin, 3-acetyl DON, 15-deacetylcalonectrin, and 3,15-dideacetylcalonectrin were 647, 362, 247, and 209% cross-reactive relative to DON, respectively. Isotrichodermol, sambucinol, and 7,8-dihydroxycalonectrin reacted to a lesser extent. The results suggested that the C3, C4, and C15 positions were immunodominant on determining binding to the DON monoclonal antibody. The antibody should be useful in detecting both production of these metabolites in Fusarium cultures as well as their occurrence in foods and feeds. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 1991 VL 54 IS 4 BP 288 EP 290 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA FG045 UT WOS:A1991FG04500010 ER PT J AU SNAPPER, CM HOOLEY, JJ URBAN, JF FINKELMAN, FD AF SNAPPER, CM HOOLEY, JJ URBAN, JF FINKELMAN, FD TI LACK OF FC-EPSILON-RII EXPRESSION BY MURINE B-CELLS AFTER INVIVO IMMUNIZATION IS DIRECTLY ASSOCIATED WITH IG SECRETION AND NOT IG ISOTYPE SWITCHING SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STIMULATORY FACTOR-I; LYMPHOCYTES-B; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; FLOW MICROFLUOROMETRY; POLYCLONAL ACTIVATION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; SURFACE-RECEPTORS; INVITRO SYNTHESIS; MYELOMA PROTEINS AB The "low affinity" Fc receptor for IgE (Fc-epsilon-RII) has been reported to be absent from normal murine and human B cells that express a membrane (m)Ig isotype other than mIgM or mIgD in vivo. This would suggest that Fc-epsilon-RII expression is specifically lost after in vivo Ig isotype switching. We demonstrate that during a murine immune response to the bacterium Brucella abortus, to goat anti-mouse IgD (G-alpha-M-delta) antibody, or to infection with the nematode parasites Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Fc-epsilon-RII expression is low or absent on virtually all B cells secreting IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgE. However, up to 50% of B cells that express mIgG1 after G-alpha-M-delta injection continue to express Fc-epsilon-RII. These mIgG1+Fc-epsilon-RII+ cells secrete little, if any, IgG1 when placed in vitro, in contrast to their mIgG1+Fc-epsilon-RII- counterparts. The mIgG1+Fc-epsilon-RII+ cells may be a transitional cell population, because they undergo substantial loss of Fc-epsilon-RII in culture, unlike mIgM+Fc-epsilon-RII+ cells, which maintain constant levels of Fc-epsilon-RII throughout a comparable culture period. Thus, low or absent expression of Fc-epsilon-RII after immunization in vivo is directly associated with B cell differentiation to Ig production in the presence or absence of Ig isotype switching. However, all post-switched B cells may eventually lack Fc-epsilon-RII expression, independently of their differentiative state. C1 UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. NIAID,BIOL RESOURCES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SNAPPER, CM (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PATHOL,4301 JONES BRIDGE RD,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI21328] NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 1991 VL 146 IS 7 BP 2161 EP 2168 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA FE127 UT WOS:A1991FE12700013 PM 1826019 ER PT J AU ELLER, M OLEKSIAK, M MCQUAID, T GILCHREST, BA AF ELLER, M OLEKSIAK, M MCQUAID, T GILCHREST, BA TI THE MOLECULAR-CLONING OF A HUMAN CELLULAR RETINOIC ACID-BINDING PROTEIN CDNA - SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS AND EXPRESSION IN HUMAN SKIN CELLS SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 96 IS 4 BP 547 EP 547 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA FE591 UT WOS:A1991FE59100117 ER PT J AU YAAR, M ELLER, M OLEKSIAK, M MCQUAID, T GILCHREST, BA AF YAAR, M ELLER, M OLEKSIAK, M MCQUAID, T GILCHREST, BA TI CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF A NOVEL NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR RELATED MOLECULE IN HUMAN SKIN SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 96 IS 4 BP 548 EP 548 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA FE591 UT WOS:A1991FE59100127 ER PT J AU PARK, HY RUSSAKOVSKY, V GILCHREST, BA AF PARK, HY RUSSAKOVSKY, V GILCHREST, BA TI HUMAN MELANOGENESIS CORRELATES WITH EXPRESSION OF THE BETA-ISOFORM OF PROTEIN-KINASE-C SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02118. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 96 IS 4 BP 549 EP 549 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA FE591 UT WOS:A1991FE59100132 ER PT J AU GARMYN, M YAAR, M HOWRIGAN, P GILCHREST, BA AF GARMYN, M YAAR, M HOWRIGAN, P GILCHREST, BA TI INFLUENCE OF AGING ON GENE-EXPRESSION IN CULTURED HUMAN KERATINOCYTES SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 96 IS 4 BP 618 EP 618 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA FE591 UT WOS:A1991FE59100543 ER PT J AU SCHNEIDER, SM AF SCHNEIDER, SM TI PENETRATION OF SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT TOBACCO CULTIVARS BY MELOIDOGYNE JUVENILES SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; MELOIDOGYNE-JAVANICA; MODEL; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; PENETRATION; REGRESSION; RESISTANCE; TOBACCO AB Rates of penetration of Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica into tobacco cultivars NC2326 (susceptible to all three species) and K399 (resistant to M. incognita) and a breeding line that had been selected for resistance to M. incognita were compared. Meloidogyne incognita penetrated NC2326 rapidly during the first 24 hours after inoculation. Numbers of M. incognita continued to increase gradually through the 14-day experiment. Higher numbers of M. incognita were observed in the roots of K399 peaked 4 days after inoculation, then declined rapidly as the nematodes that were unable to establish a feeding site left the root or died. Numbers of M. incognita in the breeding line followed the same pattern as with K399, but in lower numbers. Numbers of M. arenaria showed little difference between cultivars until 7 days after inoculation, then numbers increased in NC2326. Numbers of M. javanica fluctuated in all cultivars, resulting in patterns of root population different from those observed for M. incognita or M. arenaria. Resistance to M. incognita appears to be expressed primarily as an inability to establish a feeding site rather than as a barrier to penetration. Some resistance to M. arenaria may also be present in K399 and the breeding line. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP SCHNEIDER, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SAA,CROPS RES LAB,POB 1168,OXFORD,NC 27565, USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 23 IS 2 BP 225 EP 228 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA FG337 UT WOS:A1991FG33700012 PM 19283116 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, DT DAVIS, EL WALTER, DE AF KAPLAN, DT DAVIS, EL WALTER, DE TI INFLUENCE OF LECTINS ON CONSTRICTING RING FORMATION BY ARTHROBOTRYS-DACTYLOIDES SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARTHROBOTRYS; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; CARBOHYDRATE; FUNGUS; LECTIN; RADOPHOLUS-CITROPHILUS; RECOGNITION ID SPECIFICITY; RECOGNITION; OLIGOSPORA; NEMATODES; SURFACE AB Incubation of Arthrobotrys dactyloides conidia in the presence of Radopholus citrophilus in lectin solutions with their corresponding sugars did not alter the stimulation of trap formation in solutions containing lectins alone. The lack of inhibition of lectin-stimulated trap formation by sugars or by lectin denaturation and the lack of lectin specificity indicate that the carbohydrate-binding regions of the particular lectins studied are not the stimulatory moieties of these macromolecules. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP KAPLAN, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 23 IS 2 BP 264 EP 266 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA FG337 UT WOS:A1991FG33700020 PM 19283124 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, M MEYDANI, SN SHAPIRO, AC MACAULEY, JB BLUMBERG, JB AF MEYDANI, M MEYDANI, SN SHAPIRO, AC MACAULEY, JB BLUMBERG, JB TI INFLUENCE OF DIETARY-FAT, VITAMIN-E, ETHOXYQUIN AND INDOMETHACIN ON THE SYNTHESIS OF PROSTAGLANDIN-E2 IN BRAIN-REGIONS OF MICE SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE DIETARY FAT; VITAMIN-E; ETHOXYQUIN; PROSTAGLANDIN-E2; BRAIN; MICE ID RAT-BRAIN; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; ACID; INHIBITION; SELENIUM; RELEASE; AGE; EICOSANOIDS; SENSITIVITY; YOUNG AB The regional brain synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) of rats varies with age and dietary vitamin E. We investigated ex-vivo synthesis of PGE2 in brain regions of 24-mo-old male C57BL/6Nia mice. Mice were fed semipurified diets containing 1) 5% by weight of vitamin E-stripped corn oil, nonhydrogenated coconut oil or fish oil, or 2) 3.8% lard + 1.2% stripped corn oil (control), each supplemented with 30 or 500 mg of vitamin E per kg for 6 wk. In addition, two groups of mice were fed control diets containing 2500 mg of ethoxyquin/kg or 1 mg of indomethacin/(kg.day). Mice fed fish oil had lower (P < 0.01) plasma alpha-tocopherol than those fed coconut oil. Vitamin E supplementation had no effect on the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in most brain regions. The rank order of PGE2 synthesis among all groups was cerebrum = cerebellum > midbrain > brainstem. Vitamin E supplementation tended to reduce brain PGE2 synthesis. Fat with 30 mg/kg of vitamin E had no effect on brain PGE2 synthesis. Mice fed fish oil had significantly lower PGE2 compared with mice fed coconut oil when they received 500 mg/kg of vitamin E in their diet. In the brainstem, fish oil significantly reduced PGE2 relative to mice fed corn oil. Ethoxyquin lowered plasma alpha-tocopherol by 42% and reduced the PGE2 synthesis in brain regions, and indomethacin reduced it by 50%. Thus, ethoxyquin and indomethacin significantly reduced the brain's regional capacity for PGE2 synthesis, whereas vitamin E was not effective for the period tested. The reduction of PGE2 synthesis in the brain with fish oil feeding in this study was not as notable as reported for other tissues unless combined with high-dose vitamin E supplementation. RP TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [1R23AG045791-01] NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 1991 VL 121 IS 4 BP 438 EP 444 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FE181 UT WOS:A1991FE18100002 PM 1901080 ER PT J AU SEIDEL, KE FAILLA, ML ROSEBROUGH, RW AF SEIDEL, KE FAILLA, ML ROSEBROUGH, RW TI CARDIAC CATECHOLAMINE METABOLISM IN COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE COPPER; NOREPINEPHRINE; DOPAMINE; CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY; RATS ID BRAIN NEUROTRANSMITTER METABOLISM; FEMALE RATS; CARDIOVASCULAR-ABNORMALITIES; CONTRACTILE PROPERTIES; MYOCARDIAL LESIONS; VASCULAR TISSUE; TRACE-METALS; NOREPINEPHRINE; ENLARGEMENT; HYPERTROPHY AB After parturition, Sprague-Dawley dams were fed diets containing either 0.6 (-Cu) or 6 (+Cu) mg of copper/kg of diet. Pups were weaned either to the diet of their dam or to the diet fed to dams in the other treatment group in a crossover design. At 7 wk of age, Cu-deficient rats were characterized by low tissue Cu and an enlarged heart with increased levels of dopamine (DA) and decreased levels of norepinephrine (NE). These changes resulting from Cu deficiency were independent of gender. In vivo synthesis of cardiac NE from DA in Cu-adequate rats was significantly greater than in Cu-deficient rats. Turnover of cardiac NE was estimated from the temporal change in the specific activity of [H-3]NE. Fractional turnover rates (percentage per hour) of cardiac NE were similar in both dietary groups, although the cardiac turnover of NE (nanograms per hour) was 1.4-fold higher in Cu-adequate rats than in Cu-deficient rats. Repletion of Cu-deficient rats with dietary Cu increased the total amount of cardiac NE to 78 and 93% of control values after 1 and 2 d, respectively. Significant changes in the quantities of NE and DA in the heart of rats whose intake of Cu was restricted from birth were first detected at 4 wk of age, but cardiac hypertrophy was not observed until 5 wk of age. The data support the proposal that the altered levels of DA and NE in the heart of Cu-deficient rats are primarily the result of decreased activity of DA-B-monooxygenase and demonstrate that Cu supplementation rapidly repletes cardiac NE in Cu-deficient rats. Moreover, changes in the concentrations of NE and DA in the heart precede and may contribute to the development of cardiac hypertrophy. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NONRUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 1991 VL 121 IS 4 BP 474 EP 483 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FE181 UT WOS:A1991FE18100007 PM 1826130 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, M NATIELLO, F GOLDIN, B FREE, N WOODS, M SCHAEFER, E BLUMBERG, JB GORBACH, SL AF MEYDANI, M NATIELLO, F GOLDIN, B FREE, N WOODS, M SCHAEFER, E BLUMBERG, JB GORBACH, SL TI EFFECT OF LONG-TERM FISH OIL SUPPLEMENTATION ON VITAMIN-E STATUS AND LIPID-PEROXIDATION IN WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-E; LIPID PEROXIDES; FISH OIL; HUMANS; AGE ID N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; RAT-LIVER; PLASMA-LIPIDS; DIETARY FISH; DISEASE; MALONDIALDEHYDE; CONSUMPTION; SERUM; RICH; MICE AB Fifteen young (22-35 y) and 10 older (51-71 y) women received six capsules of fish oil (Pro-Mega)/d, providing a total of 1,680 mg eicosapentaenoic (EPA), 720 mg docosahexaenoic (DHA), 600 mg other fatty acids, and 6 IU vitamin E. Blood was collected before and after 1, 2 and 3 mo of supplementation. Compliance was confirmed by the significant increase in plasma EPA and DHA in all women. Older women had a significantly higher increase in EPA and DHA than did young women (10-fold increases in EPA and 2.5-fold increases in DHA vs. 8-fold in EPA and 2-fold in DHA for older and young women, respectively). The decrease in the arachidonic acid:EPA ratio was more dramatic in the older women. Plasma total triglycerides (TG) decreased significantly, and the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids was significantly (P < 0.01) increased. Plasma vitamin E levels did not change significantly after supplementation; however, after 3 mo of supplementation by young women, plasma vitamin E was significantly lower than after 1 mo. The vitamin E:TG ratio was significantly increased and vitamin E:(EPA + DHA) significantly decreased. All women showed a significant increase in plasma lipid peroxide through mo 2 of supplementation. After 2 mo, older women had significantly higher lipid peroxide levels than young women. The lipid peroxide:TG ratio, which declined by mo 3, was still significantly higher than baseline. These data indicate that although long-term fish oil supplementation may be beneficial in reducing plasma total TG, susceptibility of plasma lipids to free radical attack is potentiated. Furthermore, the decrease in plasma vitamin E:(EPA + DHA) and increase in plasma lipid peroxide, particularly in the older subjects, indicates that vitamin E content of fish oil capsules may not be sufficient to provide adequate antioxidant protection. C1 UNIV MILAN,I-20122 MILAN,ITALY. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP MEYDANI, M (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA45128]; NCRR NIH HHS [2S07RR07179-12] NR 40 TC 170 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 1991 VL 121 IS 4 BP 484 EP 491 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FE181 UT WOS:A1991FE18100008 PM 1826131 ER PT J AU POND, WG MAURER, RR KLINDT, J AF POND, WG MAURER, RR KLINDT, J TI FETAL ORGAN RESPONSE TO MATERNAL PROTEIN-DEPRIVATION DURING PREGNANCY IN SWINE SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE FETAL GROWTH; PREGNANCY PROTEIN RESTRICTION; GROWTH STUNTING; ORGAN WEIGHTS; SWINE ID SEVERE FEED RESTRICTION; CELLULAR DEVELOPMENT; BODY-WEIGHT; IGF-I; GROWTH; PROGENY; RATS; GESTATION; ENERGY; TISSUE AB To test the hypothesis that maternal protein deprivation in early pregnancy retards body and organ growth of 63-d (midterm) pig fetuses, 16 primiparous domestic four-way crossbred swine were fed a diet adequate in protein (13% protein) (A) or a protein-restricted (0.7% protein) diet (PR) from d 1 to 63 of pregnancy or to parturition. Maternal body weight, plasma protein, hematocrit, and heart and spleen weights were reduced, and indices of body fatness were increased by the PR diet. Fetal body weights were reduced and fetal placental weights were increased at d 63 by protein restriction. Length from crown to rump and weights of liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and cerebrum were lower in PR than in A fetuses. Concentrations of protein, RNA and DNA in liver, cerebrum and longissimus muscle were unaffected by maternal diet, but total amounts of all three constituents in liver and cerebrum were lower in PR than in A. Relative organ weights were similar in A and PR fetuses except that kidneys and gastrointestinal tract were greater in A fetuses. Newborn body weights and absolute organ weights were generally lower in PR than in A, but relative weights were similar. The observed reduction in body and organ weights and amounts of protein, RNA and DNA in 63-d fetuses and newborn progeny of PR swine establishes that the stunting effect of maternal protein restriction can be initiated by midterm, preceding the period of most rapid accretion of body tissues during prenatal life in the pig. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 34 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 1991 VL 121 IS 4 BP 504 EP 509 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FE181 UT WOS:A1991FE18100011 PM 1706761 ER PT J AU MOBARHAN, S SEITZ, HK RUSSELL, RM MEHTA, R HUPERT, J FRIEDMAN, H LAYDEN, TJ MEYDANI, M LANGENBERG, P AF MOBARHAN, S SEITZ, HK RUSSELL, RM MEHTA, R HUPERT, J FRIEDMAN, H LAYDEN, TJ MEYDANI, M LANGENBERG, P TI AGE-RELATED EFFECTS OF CHRONIC ETHANOL INTAKE ON VITAMIN-A STATUS IN FISHER 344 RATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE AGING; ETHANOL; VITAMIN-A; RATS ID CHRONIC ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; RETINYL ESTER HYDROLASE; ACYL COENZYME-A; LIVER-MICROSOMES; METABOLISM; BINDING; ACYLTRANSFERASE; DEPLETION; TISSUES; PROTEIN AB The present study was designed to investigate the interaction of age and ethanol on vitamin A status in rats. Rats aged 2 and 19 mo were fed a liquid diet containing 36% of total energy as ethanol or pair-fed a diet containing isoenergetic carbohydrate in place of ethanol. After 3 wk older rats had lower serum retinol (P = 0.04) and higher vitamin A concentrations in liver (P = 0.0001), esophagus (P = 0.0001) and the proximal (P = 0.03) and distal (P = 0.0001) colon than younger animals. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450, retinyl ester hydrolase (REH) and cellular retinol-binding protein (cRBP) were significantly reduced; acyl coenzyme A: retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) was increased; and alcohol (retinol) dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was unchanged with age. Ethanol ingestion increased serum retinol as well as esophageal and colonic vitamin A levels in both age groups. Hepatic cRBP decreased further in the older rats with ethanol feeding, but no change was noted in the percentage of hepatic vitamin A as retinol or retinyl esters. Ethanol ingestion decreased REH (P = 0.0001) and ARAT activities (P = 0.02) and increased cytochrome P-450 (P = 0.04) but had no effect on the activity of ADH in either age group. These data indicate that, regardless of age, chronic ethanol ingestion significantly alters the tissue distribution of vitamin A; however, ethanol reduced cRBP levels only in older rats. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS, SCH PUBL HLTH, DEPT MED, GASTROENTEROL SECT, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, SCH PUBL HLTH, DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA. UNIV HEIDELBERG, DEPT MED, W-6900 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY. TUFTS UNIV, ALCOHOL RES LAB, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. IIT, RES INST, DEPT BIOCHEM, CHICAGO, IL 60616 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-34644] NR 41 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 1991 VL 121 IS 4 BP 510 EP 517 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FE181 UT WOS:A1991FE18100012 PM 2007903 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, SN ENDRES, S WOODS, MM GOLDIN, BR SOO, C MORRILLLABRODE, A DINARELLO, CA GORBACH, SL AF MEYDANI, SN ENDRES, S WOODS, MM GOLDIN, BR SOO, C MORRILLLABRODE, A DINARELLO, CA GORBACH, SL TI ORAL (N-3) FATTY-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION SUPPRESSES CYTOKINE PRODUCTION AND LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION - COMPARISON BETWEEN YOUNG AND OLDER WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CYTOKINES; IMMUNE RESPONSE; HUMANS; AGE; FISH OIL ID TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; TOCOPHEROL-INDUCED CHANGES; HUMAN MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; FISH-OIL; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; PGE2 SYNTHESIS; MICE; AGE; INTERLEUKIN-2; INVITRO AB The effect of (n-3) fatty acid supplementation on cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation was investigated in young (23-33 y) and older (51-68 y) women. Subjects supplemented their diets with 2.4 g of (n-3) fatty acid/d for 3 mo. Blood was collected before and after 1, 2 and 3 mo of supplementation. The (n-3) fatty acid supplementation reduced total interleukin (IL)-1-beta synthesis by 48% in young women but by 90% in older women; tumor necrosis factor was reduced by 58% in young and 70% in older women. Interleukin-6 was reduced in young women by 30% but by 60% in older women. Older women produced less IL-2 and had lower mitogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) than young women prior to (n-3) fatty acid supplementation. The (n-3) fatty acid supplementation reduced IL-2 production in both groups; however, this reduction was significant only in older women. The PHA-stimulated mitogenic response was significantly reduced by (n-3) fatty acid in older women (36%). Thus, long-term (n-3) fatty acid supplementation reduced cytokine production in young women and cytokine production and T cell mitogenesis in older women. The reduction was more dramatic in older women than in young women. Although (n-3) fatty acid-induced reduction in cytokine production may have beneficial anti-inflammatory effects, its suppression of IL-2 production and lymphocyte proliferation in older women may not be desirable. C1 NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP MEYDANI, SN (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,DEPT MED,USDA,711 WASHINGTON AVE,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R37-CA45128]; NCRR NIH HHS [S07RR07179-11, M01-RR-00054] NR 37 TC 509 Z9 513 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 1991 VL 121 IS 4 BP 547 EP 555 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FE181 UT WOS:A1991FE18100017 PM 2007907 ER PT J AU PEKAS, JC AF PEKAS, JC TI EFFECT OF CHOLECYSTOKININ IMMUNIZATION, ENHANCED FOOD-INTAKE AND GROWTH OF SWINE ON LEAN YIELD AND CARCASS COMPOSITION SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CARCASS COMPOSITION; MEAT COMPOSITION; LEAN YIELD; FOOD INTAKE; SWINE ID PIGS AB It was previously reported that cholecystokinin (CCK) immunization of swine increased food intake 8.2% and rate of growth 10.6%. This report compares carcass yields of lean, fat and bone tissues of CCK-immunized vs. human serum globulin (hSG) control animals. The experiment involved 24 castrated pigs, age 75 d, weight 25.6 kg, randomly assigned to the CCK-immunized or hSG control groups (2 pigs/pen, 6 pens/group). Food was offered for ad libitum access. Carcasses of CCK-immunized animals (vs. hSG controls) were 8.7% heavier (P < 0.01) and 2.4% longer (P < 0.01). Carcass yield and composition were analyzed by dissection to lean, fat and bone fractions and by proximate analysis of the resultant lean fraction. Carcasses fromthe CCK-immunized animals had 2.7 kg more lean (P = 0.09) and 1.8 kg more fat (P = 0.04). Proximate analysis indicated there were no significant differences in composition of the lean fraction. The 7.2% heavier lean fractions of the CCK-immunized animals contained 9.2% more protein (P = 0.09) and 5.1% more fat (P = 0.05). Lean:fat and protein:fat ratios were not significantly altered. RP PEKAS, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 1991 VL 121 IS 4 BP 563 EP 567 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FE181 UT WOS:A1991FE18100019 PM 2007909 ER PT J AU TANG, GW RUSSELL, RM AF TANG, GW RUSSELL, RM TI FORMATION OF ALL-TRANS-RETINOIC ACID AND 13-CIS-RETINOIC ACID FROM ALL-TRANS-RETINYL PALMITATE IN HUMANS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE VITAMIN-A; RETINOIC ACID; ORAL DOSE; HUMANS; METABOLISM ID BETA-CAROTENE; RAT-TISSUES; METABOLISM; ACETATE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SERUM AB Increments of levels of both 13-cis- and all-trans-retinoic acid in human plasma were observed after either a physiologic or a pharmacologic oral dose of all-trans-retinyl palmitate. Subjects receiving a physiologic dose showed mean +/- SEM plasma rises over baseline as follows: all-trans-retinoic acid = 1.1 +/- 0.3 nmol/L and 13-cis-retinoic acid = 4.7 +/- 1.1 nmol/L, which represented increases in 1.3 fold and 1.9 fold over fasting plasma levels. Those receiving a pharmacologic dose showed mean +/- SEM plasma rises over baseline as follows: all-trans-retinoic acid = 11.5 +/- 2.6 nmol/L and 13-cis-retinoic acid = 37.5 +/- 6.1 nmol/L, which represented increases of 3.9-fold and 8.4-fold over fasting plasma levels. Moreover, areas under the curve of the means of all-trans- and 13-cis-retinoic acid over 24 hours showed that larger amounts of 13-cis-retinoic acid appear in the circulation than all-trans-retinoic acid after feeding all-trans-retinyl palmitate. The increase in retinoic acid in the circulation may be an important source of retinoic acid for some organs. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD APR PY 1991 VL 2 IS 4 BP 210 EP 213 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(91)90018-Z PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA FF971 UT WOS:A1991FF97100005 ER PT J AU PANDA, P REISER, S SCHOLFIELD, DJ BEHALL, KM AHRENS, RA CANARY, JJ AF PANDA, P REISER, S SCHOLFIELD, DJ BEHALL, KM AHRENS, RA CANARY, JJ TI CARBOHYDRATE-TOLERANCE IN HUMANS AS INFLUENCED BY SEX, AGE, AND ERYTHROCYTE SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE INSULIN; GLUCOSE; URIC ACID; LACTIC ACID; TRIGLYCERIDES; CERULOPLASMIN ID COPPER DEFICIENCY; DIETARY SUCROSE; URIC-ACID; GROWING-PIG; YOUNG MEN; FRUCTOSE; SERUM; BLOOD; GLUCOSE; RATS AB Glycemic response using an oral load of fructose, glucose, and sucrose was measured in men and in premenopausal and postmenopausal women after being grouped by differences in erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity (SOD). Blood was drawn at 0, 1/2, 1, 2, and 3 hr postload. Indices of copper status, carbohydrate tolerance, lactate, and uric acid levels were determined. Premenopausal women had lower plasma lactate, glucose, and fructose levels at 1/2 hour after the carbohydrate loads compared to postmenopausal women and men. Men had higher plasma uric acid responses to the carbohydrate loads than women. The fructose load produced higher plasma lactate and uric acid levels compared to sucrose and glucose. Postmenopausal women had higher plasma lipids, ceruloplasmin, and plasma copper levels than premenopausal women and men. SOD was used to divide the three subject groups into those with low (< 269 U/ml) and normal (494-598 U/ml) activity. Fasting plasma triglyceride and the insulin and uric responses after the carbohydrate loads were significantly higher in the normal SOD group compared to the low SOD group. SOD activity did not correlate with other parameters of copper nutriture such as ceruloplasmin and plasma copper or with dietary copper intake. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,RM 315,BLDG 307,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,NUTR SCI PROGRAM,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH MED,DIV ENDOCRINOL & METAB DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20057. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD APR PY 1991 VL 2 IS 4 BP 222 EP 228 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(91)90020-6 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA FF971 UT WOS:A1991FF97100007 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP DAVIS, SW SPEER, CA BOWMAN, DD DELAHUNTA, A GRANSTROM, DE TOPPER, MJ HAMIR, AN CUMMINGS, JF SUTER, MM AF DUBEY, JP DAVIS, SW SPEER, CA BOWMAN, DD DELAHUNTA, A GRANSTROM, DE TOPPER, MJ HAMIR, AN CUMMINGS, JF SUTER, MM TI SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA N-SP (PROTOZOA, APICOMPLEXA), THE ETIOLOGIC AGENT OF EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BANK VOLE; 2 HORSES; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; CYCLE; TOXOPLASMOSIS; FRENKELIA AB Sarcocystis neurona n. sp. is proposed for the apicomplexan taxon associated with myeloencephalitis in horses. Only asexual stages of this parasite presently are known, and they are found within neural cells and leukocytes of the brain and spinal cord. The parasite is located in the host cell cytoplasm, does not have a parasitophorous vacuole, and divides by endopolygeny. Schizonts are 5-35-mu-m x 5-20-mu-m and contain 4-40 merozoites arranged in a rosette around a prominent residual body. Merozoites are approximately 4 x 1-mu-m, have a central nucleus, and lack rhoptries. Schizonts and merozoites react with Sarcocystis cruzi antiserum but not with Caryospora bigenetica, Toxoplasma gondii, Hammondia hammondi, or Neospora caninum antisera in an immunohistochemical test. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 208 Z9 209 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 77 IS 2 BP 212 EP 218 DI 10.2307/3283084 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA FF704 UT WOS:A1991FF70400008 PM 1901359 ER PT J AU LINDSAY, DS DUBEY, JP BLAGBURN, BL AF LINDSAY, DS DUBEY, JP BLAGBURN, BL TI TOXOPLASMA-GONDII INFECTIONS IN RED-TAILED HAWKS INOCULATED ORALLY WITH TISSUE CYSTS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID DIAGNOSIS; RESPONSES; OOCYSTS AB The response to inoculation of Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts was examined in 3 red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis). One hawk (hawk 1) was inoculated orally with 3,000 tissue cysts of the GT-1 isolate of T. gondii and 2 hawks (hawks 2 and 3) each were inoculated orally with 12,000 tissue cysts of a mixture of 8 isolates of T. gondii. None of the hawks developed clinical signs of toxoplasmosis. Serum antibodies were measured with the modified direct agglutination test using formalin-fixed tachyzoites. Hawk 1 had a titer of 1:40 prior to inoculation and did not have an increase in titer during the study. Hawks 2 and 3 had titers of 1:5 and 1:10, respectively, prior to inoculation, and both had increased titers (titers greater-than-or-equal-to 1: 160) by 1 wk postinoculation and remained T. gondii antibody positive throughout the 10 wk of the study. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from the heart and breast muscle of hawk 1. The biologic behavior of this T. gondii isolate was different from the 1 inoculated, and it probably represents a prior natural infection. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from the brain, heart, breast muscle, and a mixture of gizzard and proventriculus from hawk 2 and from breast muscle of hawk 3. Toxoplasma gondii was not isolated from the eye, lung, liver, kidney, or spleen of any red-tailed hawk. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LINDSAY, DS (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,166 GREENE HALL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 77 IS 2 BP 322 EP 325 DI 10.2307/3283107 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA FF704 UT WOS:A1991FF70400028 PM 2010868 ER PT J AU MASON, RW HARTLEY, WJ DUBEY, JP AF MASON, RW HARTLEY, WJ DUBEY, JP TI LETHAL TOXOPLASMOSIS IN A LITTLE PENGUIN (EUDYPTULA-MINOR) FROM TASMANIA SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note AB A penguin (Eudyptula minor) from Tasmania, Australia, died following a 3-day illness. The liver and spleen parenchyma contained grossly visible foci of discoloration. Numerous tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii were seen associated with necrosis in sections of liver and spleen. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of parasites. This apparently is the first report of fatal toxoplasmosis in a penguin. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. TARONGA ZOO,MOSMAN,NSW 2088,AUSTRALIA. RP MASON, RW (reprint author), TASMANIA DEPT AGR,POB 46,LAUNCESTON,TAS 7249,AUSTRALIA. NR 2 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 77 IS 2 BP 328 EP 328 DI 10.2307/3283109 PG 1 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA FF704 UT WOS:A1991FF70400030 PM 2010870 ER PT J AU LIFSCHITZ, CH TORUN, B CHEW, F BOUTTON, TW GARZA, C KLEIN, PD AF LIFSCHITZ, CH TORUN, B CHEW, F BOUTTON, TW GARZA, C KLEIN, PD TI ABSORPTION OF CARBON-13-LABELED RICE IN MILK BY INFANTS DURING ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; DIARRHEA AB To determine whether rice cereal could be used to complement a cow milk-based diet in the nutritional management of infants with acute diarrhea, we assessed its digestion and absorption in eight affected male infants, 69 to 131 days of age. They received cow milk formula with 5.4% lactose (diluted 1:1 with water and precooked rice cereal) 5 to 22 hours after admission and rehydration. The first feeding consisted of milk diluted with carbon 13-enriched rice cereal. A 48-hour fecal collection and balance study was performed. Rice cereal was reasonably well absorbed (84.0% to 95.8%) by seven of the eight infants. The study was repeated in seven of the infants after they had recovered. Our results indicate that rice cereal is well absorbed by young infants with acute diarrhea and that it is an adequate nutrient supplement for this patient population. C1 CORNELL UNIV, DIV NUTR SCI, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST, DEPT RANGE MANAGEMENT, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. INST NUTR CENT AMER & PANAMA, GUATEMALA CITY, GUATEMALA. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. RP LIFSCHITZ, CH (reprint author), BAYLOR UNIV, DEPT PEDIAT, USDA ARS, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, 1100 BATES ST, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. RI Boutton, Thomas/C-5821-2016 OI Boutton, Thomas/0000-0002-7522-5728 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD APR PY 1991 VL 118 IS 4 BP 526 EP 530 PN 1 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FF267 UT WOS:A1991FF26700006 PM 2007925 ER PT J AU CARTER, DL BERG, RD SANDERS, BJ AF CARTER, DL BERG, RD SANDERS, BJ TI PRODUCING NO-TILL CEREAL OR CORN FOLLOWING ALFALFA ON FURROW-IRRIGATED LAND SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Improved cropping systems are needed to reduce production inputs, increase production efficiency, protect water quality, and reduce soil erosion on furrow-irrigated land. Five field studies were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of producing cereal or corn (Zea Mays L.) without tillage following alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on furrow-irrigated land. The primary purposes of these studies were to reduce tillage costs and use N that becomes available through decomposition and mineralization following killing of alfalfa. Results demonstrated that no-till crops can be successfully irrigated with a high degree of water application uniformity, and with less water than for traditionally tilled crops. Production costs were lower resulting in higher net income for the no-till produced crops in all studies. Corn can be produced successfully with all of its required N being supplied from the decomposing alfalfa roots and nodules. The rate at which NO3-N is formed from this source parallels the N-requirements of corn. All of the N requirements for cereals can be supplied from the alfalfa source if the alfalfa is killed in the early fall so that there will be ample time at soil temperatures sufficiently high to permit some accumulation of NO3-N in the soil before the rapid N uptake period required by cereals. If this regime is not followed, cereals may need to be supplemented with added N to assure adequacy. The use of N by corn or cereal following alfalfa reduces the potential for nitrate leaching as compared to conditions when low N requiring crops are grown after alfalfa. RP CARTER, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 4 IS 2 BP 174 EP 179 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FW381 UT WOS:A1991FW38100004 ER PT J AU GATES, RN WYATT, WE ROLAND, LT HEMBRY, FG BAILIE, JH AF GATES, RN WYATT, WE ROLAND, LT HEMBRY, FG BAILIE, JH TI COMPARISON OF A GRAIN SUPPLEMENT TO AN INTRARUMINAL BOLUS FOR TETRONASIN ADMINISTRATION TO GRAZING STEERS SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB A grazing experiment was conducted to evaluate tetronasin administration using an experimental intraruminal bolus designed to release 45 mg tetronasin daily. Four treatments included a control, receiving no supplement and no tetronasin; tetronasin bolus only; tetronasin administered in ground-corn supplement; and tetronasin delivered with a bolus to steers fed nonmedicated supplement. Supplemented groups were group-fed 2 lb/head/d of ground corn (Zea mays L.). Brahman (Bos indicus x B. taurus) crossbred steers (initial weight 641 lb) grazed bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]-dallisgrass (Paspalum dilitatum Poir.) pastures from 3 June through 6 October. Twenty-four groups of six steers were divided into six initial weight blocks and assigned to treatment. Groups were rotated among four 3.3-acre paddocks biweekly. Daily gains over a 125-d grazing period were control, 0.62; bolus only, 0.69; medicated supplement, 1.01; bolus plus nonmedicated supplement, 1.10. Initial steer condition, resulting from rapid growth during the preceding spring grazing period, and limited initial forage availability may have restricted summer gains. Supplemented steers gained faster (P < 0.01) than steers fed no supplement. Method of tetronasin administration had no effect (P > 0.24) on daily gain of supplemented cattle. A tetronasin bolus did not improve (P > 0.36) gains of unsupplemented steers. RP GATES, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS,COSTAL PLAIN EXPTL STN,FORAGE & TURF RES UNIT,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 4 IS 2 BP 229 EP 232 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FW381 UT WOS:A1991FW38100014 ER PT J AU RECHEL, EA MEEK, BD DETAR, WR CARTER, LM AF RECHEL, EA MEEK, BD DETAR, WR CARTER, LM TI ALFALFA YIELD AS AFFECTED BY HARVEST TRAFFIC AND SOIL COMPACTION IN A SANDY LOAM SOIL SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Harvesting alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) results in plants being subjected to traffic at different times during the growth cycle with equipment having different wheel sizes and loads. The affect of this traffic could have important ramifications on yield. The objectives of this study were to determine the long-term effects of harvest traffic and soil compaction on alfalfa yield. In the first experiment, two conventional traffic systems were compared to alfalfa production with no traffic. A single traffic event, that covered 100% of the plot area 3 to 5 d after each swathing, compared to no traffic significantly decreased yield by 20% in the 1st yr, 16.5% in the 2nd yr, 14% in the 3rd yr, with no significant difference the 4th yr. There was no difference in total yield between nontrafficked and a typical grower's traffic pattern the 1st yr, but in the succeeding 3 yr there was a 5 to 17% reduction. The effects of soil compaction and harvest traffic on yield were separated in the second experiment. Alfalfa grown in moderately and heavily compacted soil had a 12 and 26% decrease respectively in seasonal total yield compared to the yield from plants grown in noncompacted soil the 1st yr. Annual yields were the same regardless of the degree of soil compaction in the 3rd yr. When harvest traffic was applied to alfalfa grown in extremely compacted soil there was an additional decrease in yield. It was not statistically significant the 1st yr, but in the following 2 yr, 1987 and 1988, yield was significantly reduced by 17.8 and 19.1%, respectively. Alfalfa yields were significantly reduced both by harvest traffic and compacted soil. To achieve optimum long-term alfalfa yields compacted soil must be tilled before planting and operations that reduce the area of the field subjected to traffic must be implemented. RP RECHEL, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON RES STN,17053 N SHAFTER AVE,SHAFTER,CA 93263, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 4 IS 2 BP 241 EP 246 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA FW381 UT WOS:A1991FW38100016 ER PT J AU LI, L ARBOGAST, RT AF LI, L ARBOGAST, RT TI THE EFFECT OF GRAIN BREAKAGE ON FECUNDITY, DEVELOPMENT, SURVIVAL, AND POPULATION INCREASE IN MAIZE OF TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM (HERBST) (COLEOPTERA, TENEBRIONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; WHEAT AB The intrinsic rate of increase in a field population of Tribolium castaneum on undamaged grain, commercial grain, cracked grain and maize flour was estimated at 30-degrees-C, 75% r.h. Egg production of T. castaneum on the above media was significantly different and the ranking can be expressed as flour > cracked maize > commercial maize > undamaged maize. Developmental rates and survival rates were sigificantly higher on flour and cracked maize than on commercial grain and undamaged grain. On commercial grain, populations could increase twenty times per generation. Although damage to grain is not absolutely necessary for young larvae to survive and for females to lay eggs, fecundity was reduced to a minimum, survival was very low, and development was delayed on undamaged grain. Population increase would thus be so reduced that populations may decline to extinction. Previous infestation by other species may help initial infestation of whole kernels by T. castaneum, although the results of this study showed that T. castaneum can develop on whole maize kernels alone under optimal conditions. C1 USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 27 IS 2 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1016/0022-474X(91)90017-7 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FV847 UT WOS:A1991FV84700001 ER PT J AU SODERSTROM, EL BRANDL, DG MACKEY, B AF SODERSTROM, EL BRANDL, DG MACKEY, B TI RESPONSES OF CYDIA-POMONELLA (L) (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) ADULTS AND EGGS TO OXYGEN DEFICIENT OR CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHED ATMOSPHERES SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; LIFE STAGES; MORTALITY AB The mortality of 2-24 hr old Cydia pomonella (L.) eggs treated with oxygen (O2) deficient or carbon dioxide (CO2) enriched atmospheres is exposure time dependent. At 25-degrees-C and 95% r.h., O2 concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5% (in nitrogen) produced LT95s of 1.2, 1.7, 1.6, 1.7, and 24.4 days, respectively. Pure nitrogen was significantly more effective than the other O2 deficient atmospheres. Carbon dioxide concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% (in air) produced LT95s of 3.6, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, and 1.4 days, respectively. Only 20% CO2 induced significantly less mortality than the higher concentrations. Regression parameters for each atmosphere are given. Combining O2 deficient with CO2 enriched atmospheres did not increase C. pomonella egg mortality over that of the atmospheres used alone. Sublethal concentrations of CO2 enriched atmospheres altered C. pomonella reproductive capacity. Carbon dioxide concentrations of 40% or more reduced adult survival and reduced surviving adults ability to mate. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP SODERSTROM, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 27 IS 2 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.1016/0022-474X(91)90018-8 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FV847 UT WOS:A1991FV84700002 ER PT J AU VAIL, PV TEBBETS, JS COWAN, DC JENNER, KE AF VAIL, PV TEBBETS, JS COWAN, DC JENNER, KE TI EFFICACY AND PERSISTENCE OF A GRANULOSIS-VIRUS AGAINST INFESTATIONS OF PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA (HUBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) ON RAISINS SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INDIAN MEAL MOTH; PROTECTANT AB Laboratory tests were conducted on the temperature stability of a formulation of a granulosis virus of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner). Efficacy of the formulation on raisins during extended high temperature storage was of particular interest as was the ability of the formulation to control incipient populations in the commodity. Two concentrations of the formulation were tested at temperatures of 27, 32, and 38-degrees-C storage for 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months to determined the influence of temperature on efficacy. The efficacy against previously infested raisins was determined at 27-degrees-C and with three concentrations of the formulation. The studies confirm the high level of control that can be obtained with this virus. At 32 and 38-degrees-C efficacy was substantially reduced after 1-3 months in storage. However, raisins would rarely be subjected to these higher temperatures for long periods without affecting quality. When incipient populations were treated, varying degrees of control were obtained depending on dosage and the age of larvae at the time of treatment. Control of the survivor's progeny was at least as good as that of the originally treated insects. RP VAIL, PV (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 27 IS 2 BP 103 EP 107 DI 10.1016/0022-474X(91)90019-9 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FV847 UT WOS:A1991FV84700003 ER PT J AU THRONE, JE AF THRONE, JE TI EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE CONTENTS OF CRACKED AND WHOLE CORN (MAIZE) SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMIDITY AB The equilibrium moisture contents of finely cracked; medium cracked; coarsely cracked; whole, damaged; and whole, undamaged corn (maize) kernels were determined at 43 and 75% relative humidities and 30-degrees-C. Cracked and whole corn equilibrated to the same moisture contents. This indicates that differences in progeny production of Cryptolestes ferrugineus in an earlier study were not caused by differences in equilibrium moisture content of the types of corn used. RP THRONE, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 27 IS 2 BP 129 EP 130 DI 10.1016/0022-474X(91)90023-6 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FV847 UT WOS:A1991FV84700007 ER PT J AU THOMAS, L KOCSIS, E COLOMBINI, M ERBE, E TRUS, BL STEVEN, AC AF THOMAS, L KOCSIS, E COLOMBINI, M ERBE, E TRUS, BL STEVEN, AC TI SURFACE-TOPOGRAPHY AND MOLECULAR STOICHIOMETRY OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL CHANNEL, VDAC, IN CRYSTALLINE ARRAYS SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAT-LIVER MITOCHONDRIA; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA MITOCHONDRIA; OUTER-MEMBRANE CHANNEL; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; HEXOKINASE-BINDING PROTEIN; METAL-SHADOWED SPECIMENS; PORE PROTEIN; PURIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIORHODOPSIN C1 NIAMSD,STRUCT BIOL RES LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIH,DIV COMP RES & TECHNOL,COMP SYST LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USDA,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP THOMAS, L (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ZOOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. RI Colombini, Marco/A-1540-2014 NR 61 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 106 IS 2 BP 161 EP 171 DI 10.1016/1047-8477(91)90085-B PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA FM766 UT WOS:A1991FM76600008 PM 1725124 ER PT J AU KNOTHE, G BAGBY, MO RYAN, TW CALLAHAN, TJ AF KNOTHE, G BAGBY, MO RYAN, TW CALLAHAN, TJ TI DEGRADATION OF UNSATURATED TRIGLYCERIDES INJECTED INTO A PRESSURIZED REACTOR SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ALTERNATIVE DIESEL FUEL; DEGRADATION; GC/MS; PRECOMBUSTION CHEMISTRY; UNSATURATED TRIGLYCERIDES ID VEGETABLE-OILS; DIESEL FUELS; FATTY-ACIDS; ESTERS; COLUMN; HEAT AB To evaluate the precombustion chemistry of vegetable oils under conditions that exist in a diesel engine, several pure unsaturated triglycerides (triolein, trilinolein, trilinolenin) were injected into a pressurized reactor where they were subjected to thermal and oxidative degradation under varying conditions of atmosphere (air or nitrogen), temperature and pressure. Vapor samples were collected and then analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques. In general, the samples consisted of similar mixtures regardless of the reaction conditions or triglyceride used as starting material. The most prominent compounds identified in these samples were fatty acids of different chain lengths and a variety of aliphatic hydrocarbons. Smaller numbers of other classes of compounds, such as aldehydes, were also detected. C1 SW RES INST,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. RP KNOTHE, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 1991 VL 68 IS 4 BP 259 EP 267 DI 10.1007/BF02657621 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA FJ002 UT WOS:A1991FJ00200010 ER PT J AU WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ AF WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ TI A MICROTECHNIQUE FOR ANTIBIOSIS EVALUATIONS AGAINST THE CORN-EARWORM SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; MERIDIC DIETS; NOCTUIDAE; RESISTANCE; LARVAE; SILKS AB A microtechnique was developed to evaluate small samples (0-100 mg dry weight) of corn, Zea mays L., silks from an individual ear, for resistance to the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Dry silks were placed into a detached bulb of a 5 ml disposable pipet in which 2 cc of diluted diet (7:3 pinto bean diet:H2O) was mixed using a 3/8" reversible drill at 500-600 RPM. The weight of corn earworm larvae feeding on test diets was recorded 8 d after infestation. A concentration of 50 mg of dry silks/cc of dilute diet produced from 4.3 to 11.8 fold differences between weights of larvae that were fed the resistant and susceptible dry silk-pinto bean diet for tests 1-2 and test 3, respectively. A concentration of 100 mg dry silk/cc dilute diet produced even greater differences (8 and > 20 fold), between the weight of larvae that were fed diets containing resistant versus susceptible silks, but this diet was very difficult to mix. This technique should prove very useful for evaluating chemical isolates for biological activity and for determining the genetic basis of resistance where individual plant samples are required. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP WISEMAN, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS,IBPMRL,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1991 VL 64 IS 2 BP 146 EP 151 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GD957 UT WOS:A1991GD95700004 ER PT J AU DANIELSON, SD MANGLITZ, GR SORENSEN, EL AF DANIELSON, SD MANGLITZ, GR SORENSEN, EL TI A FIELD-STUDY OF POTATO LEAFHOPPER (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) ABUNDANCE AND DAMAGE ON ALFALFA CULTIVARS AND PERENNIAL GLANDULAR-HAIRED MEDICAGO STRAINS SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE AB Four perennial, glandular-haired Medicago spp. strains and four alfalfa (M. sativa L.) cultivars were sampled for potato leafhopper (PLH), Empoasca fabae (Harris), abundance and damage in replicated field plots during 1986, 1987, and 1988. Sweep samples were used to determine leafhopper abundance, and plant discoloration was rated visually to estimate damage. PLH were less abundant on the glandular-haired M. glandulosa and M. glutinosa than on the M. sativa cultivars in all three years. Less damage was observed on M. glandulosa than on any other entry in 1986 and 1988. These results suggest that nonglandular PLH resistant alfalfa cultivars would benefit from the incorporation of PLH resistance from glandular-haired Medicago species. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,THROCKMORTON HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP DANIELSON, SD (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ENTOMOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1991 VL 64 IS 2 BP 152 EP 155 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GD957 UT WOS:A1991GD95700005 ER PT J AU HUNTER, JS FINCHER, GT BAY, DE BEERWINKLE, KR AF HUNTER, JS FINCHER, GT BAY, DE BEERWINKLE, KR TI SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION AND DIEL FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF STAPHYLINIDAE (COLEOPTERA) IN OPEN AND WOODED PASTURE IN EAST-CENTRAL TEXAS SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HEMATOBIA-IRRITANS L; HORN FLY DIPTERA; COPROPHAGOUS BEETLES; MUSCIDAE; PREDATION; CATTLE; MORTALITY; FLIES AB The seasonal distribution and diel flight activity of Staphylinidae associated with dung were determined in an open and wooded habitat of a cattle pasture in east-central Texas. An automated, underground pitfall trap placed in each habitat and baited with swine feces resulted in the capture of 25,116 staphylinids from March 1979 to December 1980. These beetles represented 21 species in at least 11 genera; all exhibited diurnal flight behavior. The majority of specimens of 14 species were caught in the wooded habitat, where 62.3% and 80.3% of the total number of beetles were captured in 1979 and 1980, respectively. Most species were active during the spring, summer and fall. The seasonal occurrence and flight activity of each species in both habitats are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. RP HUNTER, JS (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1991 VL 64 IS 2 BP 163 EP 173 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GD957 UT WOS:A1991GD95700007 ER PT J AU BARRY, D MENDSCOLE, M AF BARRY, D MENDSCOLE, M TI ORIENTATION OF THE EUROPEAN CORN-BORER WITHIN THE MAIZE PLANT SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PYRALIDAE EGG MASSES; FIELD CORN; LEPIDOPTERA AB Maize (Zea mays L.) plants were artificially infested during 1987 and 1988 during anthesis with second-generation European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis [Hubner] larvae at three locations on the plant to determine the effect of larval placement on borer orientation within the plant. Infestation site had a minimal effect on borer orientation in the plant. Survival of borers was influenced by plant susceptibility and environment (season), and the number of surviving borers per plant affected orientation. The orientation response of ECB in susceptible and resistant plants differed. In resistant plants in 1987, the number of insects surviving was considerably less than in the susceptible plants, and significantly more ECB larvae and larval activity were found around the ear zone. No significant difference in borers and activity were noted either above or below the ear zone. The susceptible hybrid in 1987 had the orientation of borers skewed towards the lower areas of the plant. Less than 10% of the borers were found above the ear zone. During 1988, which had a hot, dry growing season, the population of ECB was reduced to such a low level that ECB effects on the resistant hybrid were not noticeable. The results of our study indicate that it is not necessary to dissect the upper portion of the maize plant to obtain an estimate of ECB population for pest management surveys and host plant resistance studies. Except when evaluating very susceptible cultivars, adequate estimates of the ECB population can probably be obtained by dissecting from one internode above the primary ear attachment point to one internode below the lowest ear attachment point. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP BARRY, D (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1991 VL 64 IS 2 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GD957 UT WOS:A1991GD95700009 ER PT J AU DERRICK, ME SHOWERS, WB AF DERRICK, ME SHOWERS, WB TI COMPARISON OF AN ADULT AND LARVAL CONTROL STRATEGY FOR THE EUROPEAN CORN-BORER (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) IN SEED CORN SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACTION SITES; ABUNDANCE; FLIGHT AB Efficacy of adult-directed insecticide applications were compared with standard larval control treatments in an effort to reduce second generation larval infestations of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) in seed corn. The treatments included methomyl applied to grassy adult aggregation areas, or "action sites," for adult suppression, fenvalerate applied to the field for larval control, a combination of methomyl applied to the action site with fenvalerate applied to the field, and an untreated check. Two applications were made in and around fields of hybrid seed production during the second flight (mid-July to late-August) in Iowa. The male, or tasselled inbred, sustained higher levels of larval infestation, resulting in a greater response to treatment. Larval tunnelling damage and infestation level were reduced with applications of fenvalerate to the field. Although applications of methomyl resulted in fewer adults in the grass following action site treatment, the subsequent effect on infestation and damage was not significant. Adult sampling data during high population levels in 1986 documented a temporary reduction of adults in the action site after treatment, suggesting a lack of residual activity by methomyl. Blacklight trap data indicated that the timing of initial insecticide applications in the action site corresponded with a majority of newly mated and actively ovipositing females and second applications targeted ovipositing and post-oviposition females. C1 USDA,ARS,CORN INSECTS RES UNIT,ANKENNY,IA 50021. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1991 VL 64 IS 2 BP 185 EP 192 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GD957 UT WOS:A1991GD95700010 ER PT J AU SABROSKY, CW AF SABROSKY, CW TI A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF CHLOROPIDAE (DIPTERA) PREDACEOUS ON GRASSHOPPER EGGS SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Dysartia and D. latigena, both new, are described from specimens reared from larvae predaceous on grasshopper eggs in Montana and North Dakota. C1 USDA ARS,SYST ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1991 VL 64 IS 2 BP 221 EP 224 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GD957 UT WOS:A1991GD95700015 ER PT J AU DYSART, RJ AF DYSART, RJ TI BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON 2 CHLOROPID FLIES (DIPTERA, CHLOROPIDAE), PREDACEOUS ON GRASSHOPPER EGGS (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Note AB Two chloropid flies, Dysartia latigena Sabrosky and Olcella sp., were found as predators of grasshopper eggs (Melanoplus bivittatus (Say) and M. sanguinipes (F.) in northeastern Montana and northwestern North Dakota. Neither fly previously had been reared from grasshopper eggs. Both chloropids pupated within the host egg-pods and the adult flies emerged after the hatching of grasshopper eggs. Data indicated that 11.1% of the overwintered egg-pods of M. bivittatus and 6.2% of M. sanguinipes were infested by these predators. About 66% of the chloropids were D. latigena and 34% were Olcella sp. A total of 71 egg-pods was infested with an average of 1.8 chloropids. In pods which contained chloropids, it was estimated that 3.6% of M. bivittatus eggs and 6.8% of M. sanguinipes eggs were killed by the predaceous larvae. In the laboratory, the average developmental period required by Olcella sp. was 15.5 days, compared to 21.2 days for D. latigena. The males of both species emerged a few days before females. Adult longevity averaged 2.8 days for D. latigena and 2.2 days for Olcella sp. The proportion of sexes was 51:49 (male:female) for D. latigena, and 43:57 for Olcella sp. RP DYSART, RJ (reprint author), USDA,ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,SIDNEY,MT 59270, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 1991 VL 64 IS 2 BP 225 EP 230 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA GD957 UT WOS:A1991GD95700016 ER PT J AU STALLKNECHT, DE BLUE, JL ROLLOR, EA NETTLES, VF DAVIDSON, WR PEARSON, JE AF STALLKNECHT, DE BLUE, JL ROLLOR, EA NETTLES, VF DAVIDSON, WR PEARSON, JE TI PRECIPITATING ANTIBODIES TO EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE AND BLUETONGUE VIRUSES IN WHITE-TAILED DEER IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE VIRUS; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE; SEROSURVEY ID INFECTIONS AB From 1981 to 1989, sera were collected from 3,077 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Georgia and from 1,749 deer from 12 additional states in the southeastern United States. In Georgia, prevalence of precipitating antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) and bluetongue virus (BTV), as determined by agar gel immunodiffusion tests, was dependent on physiographic region, age, and year. Overall prevalence of antibodies to EHDV and/or BTV was 11, 33, 48, and 14% for the Mountain, Piedmont, Coastal Plain, and Barrier Island regions, respectively. Results suggested varying patterns of EHDV and BTV activity throughout the state. Serologic results from other southeastern states were consistent with the Georgia sample; prevalence estimates (EHDV and/or BTV) for corresponding physiographic regions deviated by < 10%. Over this larger geographical area, antibody prevalence in deer appeared to increase with decreasing latitude. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,GEORGIA DIAGNOST ASSISTANCE LAB,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,SCI & TECHNOL ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP STALLKNECHT, DE (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,SE COOPERAT WILDLIFE DIS STUDY,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 1991 VL 27 IS 2 BP 238 EP 247 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FJ644 UT WOS:A1991FJ64400007 PM 1676762 ER PT J AU GARRIS, GI PRULLAGE, JB PRULLAGE, JL WRIGHT, FC MILLER, JA AF GARRIS, GI PRULLAGE, JB PRULLAGE, JL WRIGHT, FC MILLER, JA TI CONTROL OF PSOROPTES-CUNICULI IN CAPTIVE WHITE-TAILED DEER WITH IVERMECTIN-TREATED CORN SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE CAPTIVE WHITE-TAILED DEER; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; PSOROPTIC MANGE; HAIR LOSS; PSOROPTES-CUNICULI; CASE REPORT AB Psoroptes cuniculi, the ear mite of domestic rabbits, was collected from captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). This is the first report of rabbit ear mite infestations in white-tailed deer in Oklahoma or Texas (USA). In addition to moderate infestations in their ears, two 4-yr-old bucks, two 3-yr-old does, and seven 4-yr-old does showed patchy areas of alopecia along the sides and brisket. Both bucks also had patchy areas of alopecia around the base of antlers. Ear mites were eradicated from all deer except from one doe by providing ivermectin-treated corn to the deer at a rate of 1,000 g (equivalent to 200 mcg/kg of ivermectin)/day/deer for several days. The ear mite infestation in the one doe was eradicated by intramuscularly injection with ivermectin at 400 mcg/kg. After treatment with the ivermectin and eradication of the mites, the alopecia improved and eventually was eliminated. The ivermectin-treated corn also controlled all internal nematode parasites in the deer. RP GARRIS, GI (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,POB 232,KERRVILLE,TX 78029, USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 1991 VL 27 IS 2 BP 254 EP 257 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FJ644 UT WOS:A1991FJ64400009 PM 2067046 ER PT J AU DAVIS, DS TEMPLETON, JW FICHT, TA HUBER, JD ANGUS, RD ADAMS, LG AF DAVIS, DS TEMPLETON, JW FICHT, TA HUBER, JD ANGUS, RD ADAMS, LG TI BRUCELLA-ABORTUS IN BISON .2. EVALUATION OF STRAIN-19 VACCINATION OF PREGNANT COWS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE BRUCELLA-ABORTUS; BISON; BISON-BISON; VACCINATION; STRAIN-19 VACCINE; VACCINAL ABORTIONS; RETAINED VACCINAL TITERS; EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION; BRUCELLOSIS AB Protection against Brucella abortus induced abortion and infection provided by strain 19 (S19) vaccination was evaluated in American bison (Bison bison). Forty-eight pregnant bison were manually inoculated (MI) with S19 vaccine, 44 were ballistically inoculated (BI) with an absorbable hollow pellet containing lyophilized S19, and 46 were manually injected with buffered saline as non-vaccinated controls (NVC). All bison were Brucella spp. seronegative prior to the experiment, in the second trimester of pregnancy, and were randomly assigned to experimental groups. Approximately 60 days post-vaccination, abortions were observed in the vaccinated bison. Brucella abortus strain 19 was recovered from a bison that had recently aborted, her fetus, and from 11 of 12 other aborted fetuses. Fifty-eight percent (53 of 92) of vaccinated bison aborted, and no abortions were observed in the NVC bison. One cow aborted during her second post-vaccinal pregnancy and S19 was identified from the dam and fetus indicating that chronic S19 infections can occur in bison. Positive antibody titers were present 10 mo post-vaccination in 73% (66 of 91) of the bison. Thirteen mo post-vaccination, 30 MI vaccinates, 27 BI vaccinates, and 30 NVC bison were challenged during the second trimester of pregnancy with 1 x 10(7) CFU of B. abortus strain 2308 via bilateral conjunctival inoculation. Protection against abortion was 67% (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.0001) for vaccinated bison compared to 4% in NVC. Protection against B. abortus infection was determined to be 39% (P greater-than-or-equal-to 0.001) for vaccinates and 0% (zero of 30) for NVC. Persistent antibody titers, vaccine induced abortions, and chronic S19 infections indicate that the S19 vaccine doses used in this study are not suitable for pregnant bison. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PARASITOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. USDA,APHIS VET SERV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NATL VET SERV LAB,AMES,IA 50070. RP DAVIS, DS (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 29 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 1991 VL 27 IS 2 BP 258 EP 264 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FJ644 UT WOS:A1991FJ64400010 PM 1906114 ER PT J AU SNYDER, DE HAMIR, AN HANLON, CA RUPPRECHT, CE AF SNYDER, DE HAMIR, AN HANLON, CA RUPPRECHT, CE TI PANCREATIC DUCT HYPERPLASIA IN A RACCOON (PROCYON LOTOR) CAUSED BY ATRIOTAENIA PROCYONIS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE ATRIOTAENIA-PROCYONIS; CESTODA; RACCOON; PROCYON-LOTOR; PANCREATIC DUCT; PATHOLOGY; CASE REPORT ID HELMINTH-PARASITES AB A raccoon (Procyon lotor) live-trapped in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania was heavily infected with the tapeworm Atriotaenia procyonis. Histopathologic examination of the duodenum revealed this tapeworm attached to the mucosa; the mucosa was mildly hyperplastic without a significant inflammatory infiltrate. This tapeworm was seen also within the proximal pancreatic duct and histopathologic lesions associated with its presence consisted of marked hyperplasia of mucosal cells, causing the formation of an extensive papillary projection into the duct lumen. Inflammatory cellular reaction was minimal, consisting primarily of lymphocytes, and was seen in the mucosa and submucosa of the duct. The presence of A. procyonis in the pancreas of this raccoon is considered to be an aberrant location for this parasite and has not been reported previously. C1 UNIV PENNS,SCH VET MED,NEW BOLTON CTR,KENNETT SQ,PA 19348. WISTAR INST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP SNYDER, DE (reprint author), USDA,ARS,ANIM PARASITE RES LAB,POB 952,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 1991 VL 27 IS 2 BP 334 EP 336 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA FJ644 UT WOS:A1991FJ64400022 PM 2067057 ER PT J AU LINDSEY, GD ARENDT, WJ KALINA, J PENDLETON, GW AF LINDSEY, GD ARENDT, WJ KALINA, J PENDLETON, GW TI HOME RANGE AND MOVEMENTS OF JUVENILE PUERTO-RICAN PARROTS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB We studied home range and movements of 15 radio-marked, juvenile Puerto Rican parrots (Amazona vittata) fledging from wild nests during summer and fall, 1985-87. When juvenile parrots remained in the nest valley, home ranges during 1986 (xBAR = 32 +/- 10 [SE] ha, n = 4) were larger (P = 0.0079) than during 1987 (xBAR = 13 +/- 6 ha, n = 5). After radio-marked parrots integrated into adult flocks, home ranges during 1986 (xBAR = 1,075 +/- 135 ha, n = 3) were similar (P = 0.10) to 1987 (xBAR = 416 +/- 62 ha, n = 2). Juvenile parrots restricted their movements to nest valleys an average of 58 +/- 29 days following fledging. After joining adult flocks, juvenile parrots routinely flew between the east and west slopes of the Luquillo Mountains but did not exhibit a seasonal pattern of movement. We recommend that captive-raised, juvenile parrots used in release programs be greater-than-or-equal-to 5 months old to ensure they are mature enough to integrate into wild flocks. C1 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,PATUXENT WILDLIFE RES CTR,LAUREL,MD 20708. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST TROP FORESTRY,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1991 VL 55 IS 2 BP 318 EP 322 DI 10.2307/3809157 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA FL596 UT WOS:A1991FL59600017 ER PT J AU HOOPER, RG LENNARTZ, MR MUSE, HD AF HOOPER, RG LENNARTZ, MR MUSE, HD TI HEART ROT AND CAVITY TREE SELECTION BY RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PINES AB Previous studies implied that decayed heartwood was important to cavity tree selection by redcockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis), but the results were inconclusive because they either lacked a control or were limited to 1 age class of trees. We compared the incidence of heart rot in loblolly and longleaf pines (Pinus taeda and P. palustris) undergoing cavity excavation to the incidence of heart rot in control trees of similar age, size, and growth rate in Francis Marion National Forest in South Carolina. The incidence of decayed heartwood was not similar in cavity and control trees (P < 0.001); woodpeckers selected trees with decayed heartwood. Similarities between the woodpecker's behavior in South Carolina and previous studies from other portions of the bird's range suggest a universal preference for trees with decayed heartwood. Because the incidence of heart rot increases with tree age, our results support past recommendations that longleaf pines greater-than-or-equal-to 75 years old be provided t red-cockaded woodpeckers for future cavity trees. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,US FOREST SERV,SOUTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,CLEMSON,SC 29634. UNIV N ALABAMA,DEPT MATH & COMP SCI,FLORENCE,AL 35632. RP HOOPER, RG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SOUTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,2730 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 1991 VL 55 IS 2 BP 323 EP 327 DI 10.2307/3809158 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA FL596 UT WOS:A1991FL59600018 ER PT J AU MAGILL, AW AF MAGILL, AW TI ENVIRONMENTAL AESTHETICS - THEORY, RESEARCH, AND APPLICATIONS - NASAR,J SO LEISURE SCIENCES LA English DT Book Review C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0149-0400 J9 LEISURE SCI JI Leis. Sci. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 13 IS 2 BP 159 EP 160 PG 2 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA GU558 UT WOS:A1991GU55800009 ER PT J AU SONNET, PE BAILLARGEON, MW AF SONNET, PE BAILLARGEON, MW TI METHYL-BRANCHED OCTANOIC ACIDS AS SUBSTRATES FOR LIPASE-CATALYZED REACTIONS SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID ESTERS; ASSAY AB Hydrolyses of racemic methyl-branched octanoic acid thiolesters are described using six commercial lipases as catalysts. Branching at positions 2, 4 and 5 greatly reduced activity; branching at the 3-position virtually eliminated activity. The reactivities of the racemic branched thiolesters relative to the unbranched ester were very similar for each lipase preparation examined. In reactions involving configurationally pure 2-methyloctanoic acids, the S-enantiomer reacted faster both in esterification of aliphatic alcohols and in hydrolyses of aliphatic alcohol esters with all of the lipases examined. Stereobiases in hydrolyses of the octanoic acid esters branched at other positions were low and variable. In sharp contrast to the hydrolyses of the thiolesters of 2-methyloctanoic acid, two aryl esters of 2-methyloctanoic acid catalyzed by R. miehei lipase hydrolyzed with a bias for the R-configuration. A view of the ester-enzyme complex is offered to explain the relative rates of reaction of the racemic esters. RP SONNET, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD APR PY 1991 VL 26 IS 4 BP 295 EP 300 DI 10.1007/BF02537140 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA FH163 UT WOS:A1991FH16300007 PM 1907707 ER PT J AU VICK, BA AF VICK, BA TI A SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY FOR HYDROPEROXIDE LYASE SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID ISOMERASE; VOLATILE AB Spectrophotometric assays for hydroperoxide lyase have traditionally measured the loss in absorption at 234 nm due to the disruption of conjugated diene in the fatty acid hydroperoxide. However, that assay does not distinguish between hydroperoxide lyase and hydroperoxide dehydrase activities, both of which cause a loss of conjugation in the substrate hydroperoxide. A new assay has been developed which is specific for hydroperoxide lyase. It is based on the ability of hydroperoxide lyase products, aldehydes and omega-oxoacids, to serve as substrates for yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. Thus, the new hydroperoxide lyase assay is a coupled enzyme assay, which is conducted spectrophotometrically at 340 nm and measures the oxidation of nicotinamide adenenine dinucleotide, reduced form (NADH). In addition to its specificity for hydroperoxide lyase, the coupled assay allows higher concentrations of both fatty acid hydroperoxide substrate and crude enzyme extracts than the assay conducted at 234 nm. RP VICK, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,POB 5677,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 11 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD APR PY 1991 VL 26 IS 4 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.1007/BF02537143 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA FH163 UT WOS:A1991FH16300010 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, DB HAMMACK, L ROEHRDANZ, RL AF TAYLOR, DB HAMMACK, L ROEHRDANZ, RL TI REPRODUCTIVE COMPATIBILITY AND MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA RESTRICTION SITE ANALYSIS OF NEW-WORLD SCREWWORM, COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX, FROM NORTH-AFRICA AND CENTRAL-AMERICA SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX; NEW WORLD SCREWWORM; REPRODUCTIVE COMPATIBILITY; LIBYA; MATING BEHAVIOR; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; CYTOLOGY; SEX PHEROMONE AB The reproductive compatibility of New World screwworms, cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), from North Africa and a strain being mass produced for the Mexican eradication programme was examined to assess the feasibility of using flies from the Mexican screwworm mass production facility for a sterile insect technique eradication programme in North Africa. Males from the production strain mated randomly with females from North Africa and from the production strain when both were present. Neither strain of males discriminated between cuticular extracts of North African and production strain females containing a contact sex pheromone. Interstrain crosses between North African flies and production flies were fertile and produced fertile progeny. Chromosome morphology did not differ significantly between the two strains and homologue pairing was normal in hybrid meiotic and polytene nuclei. Mitochondrial DNA restriction site analyses indicated that the genetic divergence of the North African strain from Mexican and Central American strains was within the range of the diversity observed in Central American, Mexican and Caribbean populations. Test results indicate that New World screwworms from North Africa are reproductively compatible with the strain currently being mass produced in Mexico. Mating barriers should not impede the progress of an eradication programme using the sterile insect technique in North Africa with sterile screwworms from the Mexican mass production facility. RP TAYLOR, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BRL,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. RI Taylor, David/G-6025-2014 OI Taylor, David/0000-0002-4378-4867 NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 5 IS 2 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1991.tb00535.x PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA FT127 UT WOS:A1991FT12700001 PM 1768908 ER PT J AU ZUERNER, RL KNUDTSON, W BOLIN, CA TRUEBA, G AF ZUERNER, RL KNUDTSON, W BOLIN, CA TRUEBA, G TI CHARACTERIZATION OF OUTER-MEMBRANE AND SECRETED PROTEINS OF LEPTOSPIRA-INTERROGANS SEROVAR POMONA SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE LEPTOSPIRA-INTERROGANS; OUTER MEMBRANE; SECRETED PROTEINS; ANTIGENS ID PALLIDUM SUBSP PALLIDUM; HARDJO-BOVIS INFECTION; TRITON X-114; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; PREGNANT CATTLE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ANTIGENS; IDENTIFICATION; STRAIN; VACCINATION C1 USDA,ANIM PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LAB,AMES,IA 50010. SANOFI ANIM HLTH INC,LENEXA,KS 66215. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT VET MICROBIOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP ZUERNER, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,LEPTOSPIROSIS & MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. OI Trueba, Gabriel/0000-0003-2617-9021 NR 33 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD APR PY 1991 VL 10 IS 4 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1016/0882-4010(91)90014-2 PG 12 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA FW623 UT WOS:A1991FW62300006 PM 1895930 ER PT J AU EVANS, K AF EVANS, K TI LETHAL TEMPERATURES FOR EGGS OF GLOBODERA-ROSTOCHIENSIS, DETERMINED BY STAINING WITH NEW BLUE R SO NEMATOLOGICA LA English DT Note ID NEMATODA C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA,GOLDEN NEMATODE LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP EVANS, K (reprint author), IACR,ROTHAMSTED EXPTL STN,HARPENDEN AL5 2JQ,HERTS,ENGLAND. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU E J BRILL PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0028-2596 J9 NEMATOLOGICA JI Nematologica PD APR PY 1991 VL 37 IS 2 BP 225 EP 229 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA FZ066 UT WOS:A1991FZ06600005 ER PT J AU GRISWOLD, TL AF GRISWOLD, TL TI A REVIEW OF THE GENUS MICROTHURGE (HYMENOPTERA, MEGACHILIDAE) SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; TAXONOMY; BEES; FLORAL RECORDS AB A new South American Microthurge, M. furcatus NEW SPECIES, is described. Microthurge boharti NEW SYNONYM is synonymized with M. corumbae. The male of M. pharcidontus is described. New records and keys to the species for males and females are presented. RP GRISWOLD, TL (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BEE BIOL & SYSTEMAT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 67 IS 2 BP 115 EP 118 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA FM333 UT WOS:A1991FM33300005 ER PT J AU MURRELL, KD CROSS, JH HARINASUTA, C AF MURRELL, KD CROSS, JH HARINASUTA, C TI A LANDMARK IN FOOD-BORNE PARASITIC ZOONOSES SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 SEAMEO TROPMED,BANGKOK,THAILAND. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PREVENT MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. RP MURRELL, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,MWA,1815 N UNIV,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD APR PY 1991 VL 7 IS 4 BP 68 EP 69 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA FH074 UT WOS:A1991FH07400003 ER PT J AU FREED, GL FRALEY, JK SCHANLER, RJ AF FREED, GL FRALEY, JK SCHANLER, RJ TI WHAT ARE THE PRENATAL ATTITUDES OF FATHERS REGARDING BREAST-FEEDING SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. USDA ARS,CHILDRENS RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 29 IS 4 BP A119 EP A119 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FE038 UT WOS:A1991FE03800692 ER PT J AU HOLLIS, BW GEDDES, KM PITTARD, WB GOFF, JP LEE, S AF HOLLIS, BW GEDDES, KM PITTARD, WB GOFF, JP LEE, S TI FETOMATERNAL RELATIONSHIPS INVOLVING PARATHYROID HORMONE-RELATED PEPTIDE (PTH-RP) IN THE NURSING HUMAN AND BOVINE SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MED UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT PEDIAT,CHARLESTON,SC 29425. USDA,AMES,IA 50010. INCSTAR CORP,STILLWATER,MN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 29 IS 4 BP A297 EP A297 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FE038 UT WOS:A1991FE03801760 ER EF