FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU VONA, LC MEREDITH, C REID, RL HERN, JL PERRY, HD BENNETT, OL AF VONA, LC MEREDITH, C REID, RL HERN, JL PERRY, HD BENNETT, OL TI EFFECTS OF FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTION RESIDUE ON THE HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE OF SHEEP GRAZING HILL PASTURES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB The effect of application of fluidized bed combustion residue (FBCR), a product resulting from the removal of S from high-S coals, was compared with application of dolomitic limestone, or no treatment, on the performance of ewes (Ovis aries) grazing hill pastures over a 3-yr period. Pastures were treated with FBCR and limestone twice per annum and ewes with their lambs grazed at two stocking rates from late April to October. Herbage analysis showed increases in Ca concentration in FBCR and lime-treated pasture vs. control, a higher level of S in FBCR vs. lime-treated herbage, but no differences in microelement concentrations due to treatment. There were no differences in weight gains of either ewes or lambs within years due to treatment, and no effect of treatment on blood hematocrit levels. Ewes were killed before and after the 3-yr trials, and lambs were sacrificed before and after each grazing season, to determine the effect of FBCR application on mineral accumulation in the carcass or organs of the animals. There were either no differences or small differences in the concentrations of macro- and microelements in the carcass, liver, and kidney of ewes and lambs associated with treatment, and tissue concentrations of elements were within normal ranges. The results confirm studies with rats (Rattus rattus), hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), and pigs (Sus scrofa) showing that treatment of agricultural soils with high levels of FBCR as a liming or fertilizing agent causes no adverse effects on composition of food crops or herbage, or on the health and productivity of animals consuming diets produced on such soils. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV ANIM & VET SCI,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERV RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 21 IS 3 BP 335 EP 340 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JG872 UT WOS:A1992JG87200005 ER PT J AU WILLIS, GH MCDOWELL, LL SOUTHWICK, LM SMITH, S AF WILLIS, GH MCDOWELL, LL SOUTHWICK, LM SMITH, S TI WASHOFF OF ULTRA-LOW-VOLUME OIL-APPLIED INSECTICIDES FROM COTTON PLANTS AS A FUNCTION OF TIME BETWEEN APPLICATION AND RAINFALL SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED RAINFALL; METHYL PARATHION; FOLIAGE; PERSISTENCE; FORMULATIONS; DISSIPATION; PESTICIDES; TOXAPHENE; DEPOSITS; LEAVES AB Model development for predicting the movement of foliar-applied pesticides depends on being able to characterize the dynamics of pesticide disappearance from plants, including washoff by rainfall. This study was conducted to determine the effect of elapsed time between spray application and initial rainfall on pesticide washoff from foliage. Methyl parathion (0, 0-dimethyl,0-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate] and fenvalerate [(RS)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (RS)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate] were applied in oil by rotary-atomizer controlled-droplet applicators to mature cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants. Simulated rainfall (51 mm in 1 h) was applied to the plants at different times after insecticide application to determine washoff characteristics for both compounds. Residues of both insecticides became increasingly resistant to washoff-with increasing time interval between pesticide application and initial rainfall. The mean amounts of both insecticides washed from the plants (i) were related to the square of the mean insecticide loads on the plants and (ii) decreased exponentially with time. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. RP WILLIS, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,4115 GOURRIER AVE,BATON ROUGE,LA 70808, USA. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 21 IS 3 BP 373 EP 377 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JG872 UT WOS:A1992JG87200011 ER PT J AU WIENHOLD, BJ GISH, TJ AF WIENHOLD, BJ GISH, TJ TI EFFECT OF WATER POTENTIAL, TEMPERATURE, AND SOIL MICROBIAL ACTIVITY ON RELEASE OF STARCH-ENCAPSULATED ATRAZINE AND ALACHLOR SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY; FORMULATIONS; TRIFLURALIN; GREENHOUSE; EXTRACTION AB Starch encapsulation has been proposed as a method for controlling the rate at which pesticides are released into the soil. Relatively little is known about what environmental factors influence controlled release. A series of laboratory studies were initiated to improve our understanding of how water potential, temperature, and soil microbial activity influence rate of release of starch-encapsulated atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) and alachlor (2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide). Water potential, imposed using polyethylene glycol, significantly influenced swelling of the starch matrix and rate of release of both herbicides. At a water potential of 0 MPa, complete release required 21 d for atrazine and 7 d for alachlor. As water potential declined, so did rate of release. At a water potential of -1.5 MPa, less than 50% of the encapsulated atrazine and less than 80% of the encapsulated alachlor had diffused out of the starch matrix after 28 d. Temperature also influenced rate of release of both herbicides. At 35-degrees-C nearly three times more atrazine and two times more alachlor was released from starch granules than at 15-degrees-C at all sampling times. Soil microbes increase the rate of release. After 21 d there was a twofold increase in the percentage of atrazine released from starch granules applied to nonsterile soil compared with granules applied to sterile soil. Effect of soil microbes on rate of alachlor release was apparent only at early times. After 5 d there was a 20% increase in the percentage of alachlor released from starch granules when microbes were present compared with release from starch granules applied to sterile soil. After 14 d essentially all of the alachlor had been released from starch granules applied to either sterile or nonsterile soil. The different influences that water potential, temperature, and soil microbes have on rate of release between atrazine and alachlor are likely due to differences in water solubility of atrazine (30 mg L-1) and alachlor (240 mg L-1). RP WIENHOLD, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BLDG 265,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 21 IS 3 BP 382 EP 386 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JG872 UT WOS:A1992JG87200013 ER PT J AU LOWRANCE, R AF LOWRANCE, R TI GROUNDWATER NITRATE AND DENITRIFICATION IN A COASTAL-PLAIN RIPARIAN FOREST SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DRAINAGE AB Mechanisms of nitrate (NO3) removal from groundwater in riparian forests are poorly understood. This study was conducted in the Georgia coastal plain to: (i) determine changes in NO3 and Cl concentrations within shallow groundwater moving from a row-crop field to a stream; (ii) determine the spatial and temporal distribution of denitrification potential relative to changes in NO3 concentrations; and (iii) determine whether NO3 or C supply was limiting denitrification potential. Nitrate and Cl concentrations in groundwater were measured biweekly or monthly for October 1988 through May 1990. Denitrification potentials, indicated by the denitrification enzyme assay, were measured bimonthly from October 1988 through October 1989. Modified potential measurements, lacking either NO3, C, or both, were also performed bimonthly. Both NO3 and NO3/Cl ratios in groundwater decreased by a factor of 7 to 9 in the first 10 m of forest. Within the next 40 m of forest, mean NO3 concentration decreased from 1.80 to 0.81 mg NO3-N L-1. Denitrification potential was more than two orders of magnitude higher in the top 10 cm of soil than in the top 10 cm of the shallow aquifer. Denitrification potential was consistently highest in surface soil nearest the field and nearest the stream and was limited by NO3 availability in all surface soil samples. Denitrification potential was highest in October and August. Although NO3 is definitely being removed from shallow groundwater, it is apparently not due to direct denitrification from the saturated zone. High denitrification potential in surface soils, especially near the field/forest interface, may contribute to NO3 disappearance from shallow groundwater. Processes associated with intact riparian vegetation appear to play the primary role in N removal. RP LOWRANCE, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 946,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 18 TC 222 Z9 232 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 21 IS 3 BP 401 EP 405 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JG872 UT WOS:A1992JG87200016 ER PT J AU OWENS, LB EDWARDS, WM AF OWENS, LB EDWARDS, WM TI LONG-TERM GROUNDWATER QUALITY CHANGES FROM A ONE-TIME SURFACE BROMIDE APPLICATION SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE MOVEMENT; SOILS; NITRATE; PASTURE AB The purpose of this experiment was to use a conservative tracer to study the impacts on groundwater quality of a one-time application of a water soluble chemical. Potassium bromide was applied at a rate of 168 kg Br-/ha to two 1.1-ha pasture watersheds in east-central Ohio. The watersheds had well-drained residual silt loam soils and with slopes of 12 to 25%. A nearly impermeable clay layer under the watersheds created a perched aquifer from which groundwater samples could be taken at developed springs. There were seasonal variations in Br- concentrations in the groundwater and the highest concentrations (9.2 mg/L maximum peak) occurred within 3 yr following the Br- application. Ten years following the Br- application, Br- concentration in the groundwater was still slightly above initial baseline levels. Even with a one-time application of a soluble chemical constituent on the surface of a small aquifer system, a multiyear impact was produced on the quality of groundwater. RP OWENS, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXP WATERSHED,POB 478,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 21 IS 3 BP 406 EP 410 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JG872 UT WOS:A1992JG87200017 ER PT J AU SADEGHI, AM ISENSEE, AR AF SADEGHI, AM ISENSEE, AR TI EFFECT OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS AND RAINFALL PATTERNS ON ATRAZINE DISTRIBUTION IN SOIL SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE; WATER; MACROPORES; GROUNDWATER; CYANAZINE; ALACHLOR; ZONE AB High variability of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5 triazine) residues in soil and shallow groundwater have been reported under various agricultural management systems. This 2-yr study was conducted to evaluate atrazine residue levels in soil as influenced by no-till (NT) vs. conventional-till (CT) under natural rainfall conditions. Atrazine was applied annually (at 1.34 kg/ha), 1 d after corn (Zea mays L.) planting, to two NT and two CT plots. Atrazine residues within the 0- to 10-cm soil depth of CT plots were higher than in the NT plots, regardless of the difference in the rainfall patterns. Higher (ca. 61%) mean atrazine residues in the CT plots over NT plots in 1988 was most likely related to the rainfall that began 12 h after application. In contrast, in 1987, it rained 3 to 4 d after application and the residues in the CT were only 31% higher than in NT. These results indicate that even a subtle difference in rainfall distribution (temporal) can result in marked spatial variability in the distribution of atrazine. RP SADEGHI, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 21 IS 3 BP 464 EP 469 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JG872 UT WOS:A1992JG87200025 ER PT J AU ALBAUGH, TJ MOWRY, FL KRESS, LW AF ALBAUGH, TJ MOWRY, FL KRESS, LW TI ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING - A FIELD CHAMBER FOR TESTING AIR-POLLUTION EFFECTS ON MATURE TREES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE CHAMBER; LOBLOLLY-PINE; OZONE; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN AB A 3.6 m tall by 3 m diam. open-top chamber system built on 12-m towers for the dispensing and exclusion of air pollutants in the foliage of mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees was tested. Statistically significant position and height differences in O3 concentration inside the chamber were found for different wind speed categories. Calculation of a relative O3 concentration (ROC) showed remarkably similar relative O3 profiles for charcoal filtered (CF) and 2x ambient (2x) chambers. Large reductions in ROC are found above the 2.4-m level in both chambers. Ambient air intrusion was reduced in the modified chamber because it was protected by the canopy and contained a tree crown lessening air movement in the chamber. The mean temperature increase in the chamber from 1200 to 1259 h EST was 2.2-degrees-C, whereas the maximum temperature increase was 4.8-degrees-C. Statistically significant positional temperature differences were found within the chamber. The chamber system design was found useful in testing the effects of gaseous air pollutants on the crown of mature trees and is recommended for designed experiments. C1 DUKE UNIV,SCH ENVIRONM,DURHAM,NC 27707. US FOREST SERV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP ALBAUGH, TJ (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 21 IS 3 BP 476 EP 485 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JG872 UT WOS:A1992JG87200027 ER PT J AU BASTA, NT OLNESS, A AF BASTA, NT OLNESS, A TI DETERMINATION OF ALACHLOR, ATRAZINE, AND METRIBUZIN IN SOIL BY RESIN EXTRACTION SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; WATER; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PESTICIDES; HERBICIDES; DESORPTION; TRIAZINE; SAMPLES; SYSTEM AB An accurate and precise procedure for simultaneous resin extraction of alachlor (2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-methoxymethylacetanilide), atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine), and metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] in soil extracts is described. The procedure consists of three steps: (i) equilibration of resin extractors (RE) with water extracts of soil, (ii) elution of pesticides from RE by using methanol, and (iii) determination and confirmation of pesticide by dual-column gas chromatography with thermionic specific detection. Recovery of dissolved pesticides by anion-exchange resin, cation-exchange resin, and nonpolar resin was studied. Ion-exchange resins generally adsorbed pesticides well, but showed poor desorption characteristics. The effect of solution pH and salt concentration on pesticide adsorption by a nonpolar resin was studied. Quantitative amounts of pesticide (> 95%) were adsorbed from solution by a nonpolar resin over a wide range of solution pH (2.5-10.0) and dissolved salt (0-100 mM NaCl). Pesticide adsorbed by RE ranged from 80 to 90%, and methanol desorbed 80 to 85% of adsorbed pesticides. Overall pesticide recoveries by the RE procedure were very reproducible with an average recovery of 67.7 +/- 2.0%. Results obtained by the RE procedure agreed closely with those obtained by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with octadecyl (C18) bonded porous silica. Extraction time required by the RE procedure is a function of temperature and decreases from 5 d at 22-degrees-C to 2 d at 75-degrees-C. The RE procedure has the same degree of precision as C18-SPE and is inexpensive. C1 USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 21 IS 3 BP 497 EP 502 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JG872 UT WOS:A1992JG87200030 ER PT J AU BAKER, JT ALLEN, LH BOOTE, KJ AF BAKER, JT ALLEN, LH BOOTE, KJ TI TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON RICE AT ELEVATED CO2 CONCENTRATION SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE ORYZA-SATIVA; CO2; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; YIELD ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; ORYZA-SATIVA-L; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; GROWTH; YIELD; WHEAT; ENRICHMENT; RESPONSES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSPIRATION AB The continuing increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) and projections of possible future increases in global air temperatures have stimulated interest in the effects of these climate variables on agriculturally important food crops. This study was conducted to determine the effects of [CO2] and temperature on rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. IR-30). Rice plants were grown season-long in outdoor, naturally sunlit, controlled-environment, plant growth chambers in temperature regimes ranging from 25/18/21-degrees-C to 37/30/34-degrees-C (daytime dry bulb air temperature/night-time dry bulb air temperature/paddy water temperature) and [CO2] of 660-mu-mol CO2 mol-1 air. An ambient chamber was maintained at a [CO2] of 330-mu-mol mol-1 and temperature regime of 28/21/25-degrees-C. Carbon dioxide enrichment at 28/21/25-degrees-C increased both biomass accumulation and tillering and increased grain yield by 60%. In the 660-mu-mol mol-1 [CO2] treatment, grain yield decreased from 10.4 to 1.0 Mg ha-1 with increasing temperature from 28/21/25-degrees-C to the 37/30/34-degrees-C temperature treatment. Across this temperature range, the number of panicles plant-1 nearly doubled while the number of seeds panicle-1 declined sharply. These results indicate that while future increases in atmospheric [CO2] are likely to be beneficial to rice growth and yield, potentially large negative effects on rice yield are possible if air temperatures also rise. C1 USDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP BAKER, JT (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. OI Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 32 TC 77 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 43 IS 252 BP 959 EP 964 DI 10.1093/jxb/43.7.959 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JF271 UT WOS:A1992JF27100010 ER PT J AU ZAIKA, LL PHILLIPS, JG BUCHANAN, RL AF ZAIKA, LL PHILLIPS, JG BUCHANAN, RL TI MODEL FOR AEROBIC GROWTH OF SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS OF TEMPERATURE, PH, SODIUM-CHLORIDE AND SODIUM-NITRITE CONCENTRATIONS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; FOODBORNE DISEASE; SURVIVAL AB A modified factorial design was used to measure the effects and interactions of temperature (10 to 37-degrees-C), pH (5.5 to 7.5), sodium chloride (0.5 to 5.0%). and sodium nitrite (0 to 1000 ppm) on the aerobic growth kinetics of Shigella flexneri in brain heart infusion broth. A total of 592 cultures were analyzed, with growth curves being generated using the Gompertz equation. A quadratic model for growth of S. flexneri in terms of temperature, pH, sodium chloride, and sodium nitrite concentrations was obtained by response surface analysis. This model provides an estimate of bacterial growth in response to any combination of the variables studied within the specified ranges. Estimates obtained with the model compared favorably with growth of S. flexneri in milk. RP ZAIKA, LL (reprint author), USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 55 IS 7 BP 509 EP 513 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA JD158 UT WOS:A1992JD15800004 ER PT J AU STERN, NJ WOJTON, B KWIATEK, K AF STERN, NJ WOJTON, B KWIATEK, K TI A DIFFERENTIAL-SELECTIVE MEDIUM AND DRY ICE-GENERATED ATMOSPHERE FOR RECOVERY OF CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ENTERITIS AB A selective-differential medium for isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from chicken carcasses was developed. The medium, Campy-Cefex, consisted of Brucella agar, 5% lysed horse blood, 0.05% ferrous sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O), 0.05% sodium pyruvate, 0.02% sodium bisulfite, and antibiotic supplements of 33 mg/L sodium cefoperazone and 200 mg/L cycloheximide. A total of 41 chicken carcass samples were plated onto Campy-Cefex, Campylobacter cefoperazone desoxycholate agar, and Campylobacter brucella agar plate media. Campy-Cefex proved as productive and selective as the other media. Campy-Cefex allowed for easier differentiation of C. jejuni from other flora compared to differentiation on Campylobacter cefoperazone desoxycholate agar medium. Differentiation of the non-Campylobacter spp. flora from Campylobacter spp. was the same on both Campy-Cefex and Campy-BAP. The selectivity for the organism on Campy-Cefex was better than on Campy-BAP. Growth of seven isolates of C. jejuni in microaerobic-(5% O2, 10% CO2, 85% N2) and dry ice-generated atmospheres was also assessed. After 24 h of incubation, the mean log10 CFU generated, using the same culture suspensions and medium, was 2.07 and 1.81 for the microaerobic and dry ice atmospheres. respectively. These two developments allow for simplification of materials and methods required to isolate C. jejuni from foods. C1 VET RES INST,PL-24100 PULAWY,POLAND. RP STERN, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY MICROBIOL SAFETY RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 11 TC 185 Z9 185 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 55 IS 7 BP 514 EP 517 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA JD158 UT WOS:A1992JD15800005 ER PT J AU STERN, NJ LYON, CE MUSGROVE, MT DICKENS, JA WILSON, RL AF STERN, NJ LYON, CE MUSGROVE, MT DICKENS, JA WILSON, RL TI COMPARISON OF SPOILAGE RATES IN GROUND TURKEY AND GROUND-BEEF SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article AB Spoilage rates of ground turkey and ground beef were compared. Clean muscle tissue of the two livestock species were ground in a hygienic manner, providing initial mesotrophic counts (72 h at 25-degrees-C) in the range of ca. 10(2-3) CFU/g. Moisture, fat, and protein contents for the ground products were similar. Each ground product was subjected to the following treatments: a) uninoculated control, b) inoculated with a low level of turkey flora, c) inoculated with a high level of turkey flora, d) inoculated with a low level of beef flora, and e) inoculated with a high level of beef flora. Three replicate analyses were performed on the products which were held at 5-degrees-C in air-permeable plastic bags, Five subsamples (20-25) were taken for each of the five analysis times over 10 d of storage. At completion of storage, bacterial counts varied from 10(3,5) to 10(9,2) CFU/g, with the turkey control group at the lower end of the range. Our findings indicate no significant difference between the spoilage rates of the two ground products, regardless of treatment or origin of species. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP STERN, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY MICROBIOL SAFETY RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 55 IS 7 BP 518 EP 521 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA JD158 UT WOS:A1992JD15800006 ER PT J AU MEREDITH, FI SENTER, SD FORBUS, WR ROBERTSON, JA OKIE, WR AF MEREDITH, FI SENTER, SD FORBUS, WR ROBERTSON, JA OKIE, WR TI POSTHARVEST QUALITY AND SENSORY ATTRIBUTES OF BYRONGOLD AND RUBYSWEET PLUMS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Fruit from two new cultivars of plums, 'Byrongold' and 'Rubysweet' were harvested at three maturities. Maturity one and two were ripened for three and six days at 20C and 85% relative humidity to determine fruit quality characteristics during storage. Plums were separated into three maturity categories by delayed light emission. Fruit size, weight, hue angle, flesh firmness, soluble solids and concentration of sugars, organic acids and sensory attributes were determined to evaluate stroage quality of the fruit. Significant differences were found between cultivars for sucrose, glucose, fructose and sorbitol. Sugar concentrations varied within the same cultivar by maturity and storage times. In general, acid levels decreased as plums ripened. Panelists preferred "Byrongold" ripened for three days for tartness and juiciness and "Byrongold" ripened for six days for sweetness. "Rubysweet" ripened for three days was preferred for sweetness, tartness and juiciness. Significant differences were found in peel bitterness between cultivars and days ripened. Unripened maturity 2 'Byrongold' and unripenedd maturity 3 'Rubysweet' had the highest peel bitterness. Hedonic scores showed 'Rubysweet' was preferred over 'Byrongold' for unripened and three days ripened plums and that panelists could not distinguish between the two cultivars after six days ripening. RP MEREDITH, FI (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,FOOD QUAL EVALUAT RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 15 IS 3 BP 199 EP 209 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.1992.tb00986.x PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JJ413 UT WOS:A1992JJ41300003 ER PT J AU THAYER, DW BOYD, G AF THAYER, DW BOYD, G TI GAMMA-RAY PROCESSING TO DESTROY STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS IN MECHANICALLY DEBONED CHICKEN MEAT SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHICKEN; MDCM; GAMMA-RAY; IRRADIATION, STAPHYLOCOCCUS; DEBONING ID POULTRY AB Gamma radiation doses of 0.26 kGy and 0.36 kGy, administered in vacuo at 0-degrees-C, destroyed 90% of log-phase and stationary-phase colony forming units (CFU) of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565 (FDA 196E), respectively, in mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM). Samples inoculated with 10(3.9) CFU/g of S. aureus were treated with gamma radiation in vacuo at 0-degrees-C and then held for 20 hr at 35-degrees-C (abusive storage). Viable CFU were found in samples irradiated to 0.75 kGy but not in those irradiated to 1.50 kGy either before or after storage. Enterotoxin was not detected in irradiated MDCM. A predictive equation was developed for the response of S. aureus in MDCM to radiation dose and irradiation temperature. RP THAYER, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 18 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 57 IS 4 BP 848 EP 851 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb14308.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JJ609 UT WOS:A1992JJ60900013 ER PT J AU CHANG, MK ZHANG, H AF CHANG, MK ZHANG, H TI CARBONATED MILK - PROTEINS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MILK; CARBONATION; PROTEINS; CASEIN; MICELLES ID BOVINE CASEIN MICELLES; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; DIOXIDE; ACIDIFICATION; DISSOCIATION; SERUM; SIZE AB Physicochemical properties of carbonated milk have been examined. Carbonated milk had higher viscosity and longer shelf-life than noncarbonated milk. The size of casein micelle particles in milk was reduced upon carbonation. Consequently, the amount of total casein in the smallest casein micellar fraction was greatly increased. This change in casein micelle distribution was not reversed after carbon dioxide was removed. These changes in micellar distribution were not simply due to pH decrease in the carbonated milk. C1 BEIJING CHEM IND,RES INST,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP CHANG, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 57 IS 4 BP 880 EP 882 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb14314.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JJ609 UT WOS:A1992JJ60900019 ER PT J AU MCFEETERS, RF AF MCFEETERS, RF TI CELL-WALL MONOSACCHARIDE CHANGES DURING SOFTENING OF BRINED CUCUMBER MESOCARP TISSUE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CUCUMBERS; PICKLES; MONOSACCHARIDES; SOFTENING; MESOCARP ID EGG-BOX MODEL; PECTIC SUBSTANCES; CALCIUM; FIRMNESS; POLYSACCHARIDES; VEGETABLES; STORAGE; CATIONS; TEXTURE; INHIBITION AB Blanched, unheated and fermented cucumber mesocarp tissues stored at pH 3.5 had losses in galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose, and rhamnose from cell walls isolated by sequential extraction with aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and phenol:acetic acid:water (2:1:1; SDS/PAW). Much smaller amounts of the sugars were solubilized when the cell walls were isolated by extraction with 80% ethanol. The differential solubilization of sugars suggested that a limited degradation of pectic and hemicellulosic substances occurred during cucumber tissue softening. This degradation was readily observed when softened tissue was extracted by SDS/PAW, but not when isolated by the more common ethanol extraction. Similarity in pattern of sugar losses, following low pH storage after three processing treatments, suggested that reactions which resulted in tissue softening and solubilization of cell wall sugars were similar in the three treatments. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP MCFEETERS, RF (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BOX 7624,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 57 IS 4 BP 937 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb14328.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JJ609 UT WOS:A1992JJ60900033 ER PT J AU KLAVONS, JA BENNETT, RD VANNIER, SH AF KLAVONS, JA BENNETT, RD VANNIER, SH TI STABLE CLOUDING AGENT FROM ISOLATED SOY PROTEIN SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CLOUD; PECTIN; SOY PROTEIN; ORANGE JUICE AB In a dilute suspension the stability of soy protein particles equalled or surpassed that of orange juice prepared from concentrate during short-term storage at 4-degrees-C. Soluble soy protein produced a stable cloud only when soluble pectin was present in the incubation medium as the particles were forming. In the absence of soluble pectin the nascent soy protein particles rapidly aggregated. This soy protein based clouding agent may provide a natural and healthy alterative to oil-derived clouding agents. The stabilization of such suspended soy protein particles also provides a model system that may bc comparable to orange juice cloud for stability studies. RP KLAVONS, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 57 IS 4 BP 945 EP 947 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb14330.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JJ609 UT WOS:A1992JJ60900035 ER PT J AU CAMERON, RG BUSLIG, BS SHAW, PE AF CAMERON, RG BUSLIG, BS SHAW, PE TI ADAPTATION OF A SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY FOR PECTINMETHYLESTERASE TO A KINETIC MICROPLATE READER SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; PECTINMETHYLESTERASE; CITRUS; FRUIT; KINETIC MICROPLATE ID PECTIN METHYL ESTERASE; ENZYME-REACTIONS; PLANT-CELLS; DYNAMICS; SURFACE; FRUIT AB A continuous spectrophotometric assay for pectinmethylesterase (PME) has been adapted to a kinetic microplate reader. Linear standard curves could be constructed from 0 to 50 nMol galacturonic acid and remained linear for 15 min. Activity estimates from commercial orange peel PME were accurate from 0.009 to 0.015 units. Comparison of microplates with differing protein binding efficiencies indicated that low and medium binding plates showed significantly higher activity levels than high binding plates. The utility of the assay was demonstrated on two commercial mixtures of pectolytic enzymes and two commercial PMEs. The assay is extremely rapid; 24 samples replicated three times each could be performed in less than 1 hr. Additionally, it requires very small volumes of substrate (final volume per well was 200-mu-L) and sample (less than 10-mu-L per well). C1 FLORIDA DEPT CITRUS,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883. RP CAMERON, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 5 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 57 IS 4 BP 1006 EP 1008 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb14343.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JJ609 UT WOS:A1992JJ60900048 ER PT J AU CAUDALES, R WELLS, JM ANTOINE, AD AF CAUDALES, R WELLS, JM ANTOINE, AD TI CELLULAR FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION OF SYMBIOTIC CYANOBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM THE AQUATIC FERN AZOLLA SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANABAENA SYMBIOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; LIPIDS AB The cellular fatty acid composition of 10 isolates of symbiotic cyanobacteria from 7 different species of the aquatic fern Azolla was investigated. Sixteen major components accounted for 88.31 % of total fatty acids: the saturated 14:0, 16:0 and 18:0 carbon chains; the unsaturated straight-chained 12:1, 14:1 cis-7, 16:1 cis-7, 16:1 cis-9, 16:1 cis-11, 18:2 cis-9, 18:3 cis-9, 18:1 cis- and trans-9, and 20:4 cis-5; and the branch-chained iso-16:0. Also included was an unsaturated 16-carbon (equivalent carbon chain length of 15.5), with unsaturation sites undetermined. The most abundant component was the 16:0 (mean of 38.10% of the total). Thirty-six minor fatty acids, comprising 10.30% of the total, were detected and identified. These included hydroxy-substituted fatty acids (1.10%), branched chains in addition to the iso-16:0 (1.96% of a class total of 2.96%) and cyclopropane fatty acids (0.89%). A comparison of the fatty acid profile of Azolla cyanobionts with those previously published for free-living cyanobacteria of the genera Anabaena and Nostoc indicated that there were at least 19 individual fatty acids, class totals or ratios that were statistically different and could be used as differentiating factors. Nine of the 19 factors were characteristically unique to Azolla cyanobionts and different from both Anabaena and Nostoc. Five were different from only Anabaena, and five from only Nostoc. Based on one taxonomic interpretation of fatty acid analysis, the Azolla cyanobionts appeared to be equally distinct from Anabaena and from Nostoc. C1 USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP CAUDALES, R (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,COOK COLL,DEPT BIOCHEM & MICROBIOL,LIPMAN HALL,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903, USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1287 J9 J GEN MICROBIOL JI J. Gen. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 138 BP 1489 EP 1494 PN 7 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JF081 UT WOS:A1992JF08100025 ER PT J AU LIU, Q GOUDIE, CA SIMCO, BA DAVIS, KB MORIZOT, DC AF LIU, Q GOUDIE, CA SIMCO, BA DAVIS, KB MORIZOT, DC TI GENE-CENTROMERE MAPPING OF 6 ENZYME LOCI IN GYNOGENETIC CHANNEL CATFISH SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; LINKAGE RELATIONSHIPS; DIPLOID GYNOGENESIS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; HETEROZYGOSITY; FISH; RECOMBINATION; SEGREGATION; CHROMOSOMES; RICHARDSON AB Gynogenetic diploid channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were produced through meiotic inhibition of channel catfish eggs fertilized with irradiated sperm of blue catfish (I. furcatus). Six enzyme loci polymorphic in channel catfish were analyzed for allozyme phenotypes in the gynogenetic diploid offspring; the proportion of heterozygous progeny was used to estimate gene-centromere distances. Phenotypes for an additional 13 enzyme locus products polymorphic between channel and blue catfish confirmed the gynogenetic production of analyzed progeny, as no blue catfish paternal allele products were observed in any of the off spring studied. Gene-centromere recombination frequency estimates ranged from 0.36 to 1.00 (0.62 mean), comparable to ranges of estimates observed in other fishes and suggesting almost complete chiasma interference in at least some genomic regions. Joint segregation analyses of five locus pairs detected no significant evidence of genetic linkage. C1 USDA ARS,CATFISH GENET RES UNIT,POB 38,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. UNIV TEXAS,MD ANDERSON CANC CTR,SCI PK RES DIV,SMITHVILLE,TX 78957. NR 27 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 83 IS 4 BP 245 EP 248 PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA JJ196 UT WOS:A1992JJ19600001 ER PT J AU BURTON, GW HANNA, WW AF BURTON, GW HANNA, WW TI USING APOMICTIC TETRAPLOIDS TO MAKE A SELF-INCOMPATIBLE DIPLOID PENSACOLA BAHIAGRASS CLONE SET SEED SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note ID PENNISETUM AB The objective of this study was to transfer obligate apomixis from common bahiagrass, Paspalum notatum Flugge (CT) (2n = 40), to Pensacola bahiagrass Paspalum notatum var. saurae Parodi (PD) (2n = 20). A completely self-incompatible PD clone 17-29 crossed with six (2n = 40) hybrids (HT) derived from doubled PD x CT hybrids produced 3,808 seeds from which 1,374 plants were obtained. Four of these F1's were apomictic triploids (2n = 30) that carried the shorter more decumbent culms, wider leaves, and larger seeds of their HT parent. The other 1,370 plants resembled 17-29 and failed to exhibit HT traits. HT pollen grains containing only PD chromosomes could have produced the 1,370 plants. Three generations of intermating the fertile HT parents should have transferred genes controlling apomixis and other characteristics from CT to PD chromosomes. The absence of HT traits in the 1,370 F1's and absence of apomixis in six plant progenies of 80 F1 selections indicate that HT genes were not transferred to PD chromosomes in the 1,370 F1 plants if they were F1's. Therefore, it seems unlikely that the 1,370 plants were F1's. A more plausible explanation is that the 1,370 plants were a selfed progeny of 17-29 produced by the mentor effect. Foreign HT pollen that mutually mixed with pollen from 17-29 probably caused the completely self-incompatible 17-29 clone to produce seed. RP BURTON, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 83 IS 4 BP 305 EP 306 PG 2 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA JJ196 UT WOS:A1992JJ19600010 ER PT J AU BLAISDELL, FW AF BLAISDELL, FW TI HGL ELEVATION AT PIPE EXIT OF USBR TYPE-VI IMPACT BASIN - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP BLAISDELL, FW (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER CONSERVAT STRUCT LAB,1301 NW ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 1992 VL 118 IS 7 BP 1076 EP 1077 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:7(1076.2) PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA JA195 UT WOS:A1992JA19500017 ER PT J AU RICE, CE KADAVY, KC AF RICE, CE KADAVY, KC TI HGL ELEVATION AT PIPE EXIT OF USBR TYPE-VI IMPACT BASIN - CLOSURE SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP RICE, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HYDR ENGN RES UNIT,1301 WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 1992 VL 118 IS 7 BP 1077 EP 1077 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:7(1077.2) PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA JA195 UT WOS:A1992JA19500018 ER PT J AU SIVINSKI, JM DODSON, G AF SIVINSKI, JM DODSON, G TI SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA (LOEW) AND OTHER TEPHRITID FRUIT-FLIES (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) - POSSIBLE ROLES OF DEVELOPMENTAL RATE, FECUNDITY, AND DISPERSAL SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE SEXUAL SELECTION; BODY SIZE; WING ASPECT RATIO; CERATITIS; DACUS; BACTROCERA; RHAGOLETIS; UROPHORA AB Larger mate Caribbean fruit flies are more likely to be chosen as mates and defeat rivals in territorial contests. Yet males are smaller than females. Adaptive explanations for relatively small male size include (1) acceleration of male development to maximize female encounter rates, (2) selection for greater female size to increase fecundity, and (3) selection for body sizes most suitable for sexually dimorphic degrees of mobility, speed, and distance flight. None of these unambiguously accounts for the degree of sexual dimorphism. Male development is not accelerated relative to that of females. On average, males remain inside fruit longer than females and those males with extended development periods are smaller than more rapidly developing individuals. There is no evidence that female enlargement alone, presumably for greater fecundity, has generated the degree of dimorphism in the Caribbean fruit fly or other fruit flies. The relationship between dimorphism and mean female body size in 27 species of Tephritidae is the opposite of what would be predicted if differences in dimorphism were due to differences in unilateral female enlargement. Larger size in a species or in one sex of a species may be an adaptation for extensive flight. In general, among 32 species of fruit flies, as body size increases, wing shape becomes progressively more suited for distance flight. However, there are important exceptions to this correlation. Both sexual selection and nonadaptive allometries may contribute to the range of dimorphisms within the family. RP SIVINSKI, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 5 IS 4 BP 491 EP 506 DI 10.1007/BF01058194 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JJ759 UT WOS:A1992JJ75900006 ER PT J AU BAUER, LS PANKRATZ, HS AF BAUER, LS PANKRATZ, HS TI ULTRASTRUCTURAL EFFECTS OF BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS VAR SAN-DIEGO ON MIDGUT CELLS OF THE COTTONWOOD LEAF BEETLE SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS VAR SAN-DIEGO; CHRYSOMELA-SCRIPTA; COTTONWOOD LEAF BEETLE; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; ULTRASTRUCTURE; MIDGUT EPITHELIUM ID DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; VAR TENEBRIONIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; COLEOPTERAN INSECTS; SILKWORM MIDGUT; STRAIN; CHRYSOMELIDAE; TOXIN; GENE C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT MICROBIOL & PUBL HLTH, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. RP MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, PESTICIDE RES CTR, US FOREST SERV, N CENT FOREST EXPTL STN, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 60 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(92)90148-W PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JA234 UT WOS:A1992JA23400004 ER PT J AU WOODS, SA STREETT, DA HENRY, JE AF WOODS, SA STREETT, DA HENRY, JE TI TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF MORTALITY FROM AN ENTOMOPOXVIRUS AND STRATEGIES FOR CONTROL OF THE MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER (MELANOPLUS-SANGUINIPES F) SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENTOMOPOXVIRUS; ENTOMOPOXVIRINAE; MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER; MELANOPLUS-SANGUINIPES; MORTALITY RATES; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID NOSEMA-LOCUSTAE; MICROSPORIDA; ORTHOPTERA RP WOODS, SA (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 60 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(92)90150-3 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JA234 UT WOS:A1992JA23400006 ER PT J AU NYCZEPIR, AP PAYNE, JA HAMM, JJ AF NYCZEPIR, AP PAYNE, JA HAMM, JJ TI HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA - A NEW PARASITE OF PECAN WEEVIL, CURCULIO-CARYAE SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; CARYA-ILLINOENSIS; CURCULIO-CARYAE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE; HETERORHABDITIS-BACTERIOPHORA (=HELIOTHIDIS) ID COLEOPTERA C1 USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP NYCZEPIR, AP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,POB 87,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 7 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 60 IS 1 BP 104 EP 106 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(92)90161-V PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JA234 UT WOS:A1992JA23400017 ER PT J AU KATUL, GG CUENCA, RH GREBET, P WRIGHT, JL PRUITT, WO AF KATUL, GG CUENCA, RH GREBET, P WRIGHT, JL PRUITT, WO TI ANALYSIS OF EVAPORATIVE FLUX DATA FOR VARIOUS CLIMATES SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB Estimation of evapotranspiration is a key requirement of hydrologic balance studies and climate analysis. The study reported involved collection of precise weighing lysimeter and meteorological data from three sites representing distinct climates. The combined data set for daily amounts of evapotranspiration and meteorological variables covers a total of 19 years on either an annual or growing season basis. The pan evaporation, Priestley-Taylor, original Penman, and Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration estimating methods are compared with lysimeter measurements using a moving average of 1-30 days. The results indicate the applicability of the various methods as a function of climate regime and thc reduction in standard error of the estimate and increase in the coefficient of determination as a function of length of the moving average period. The results can be used both to determine which methods are most applicable for different climates and the expected magnitude of the error as a function of the estimating interval. This study indicates that a 5-10-day moving average can reduce the standard error of the estimate and increase the coefficient of determination significantly between estimated and measured reference evapotranspiration for several estimating methods for various climates. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BIORESOURCES ENGN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. INRA,BIOCLIMATOL LAB,F-78850 THIVERVAL GRIGNON,FRANCE. USDA ARS,SNAKE RIVER WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,KIMBERLY,ID. RP KATUL, GG (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT LAND AIR & WATER RESOURCES,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008 OI Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 118 IS 4 BP 601 EP 618 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1992)118:4(601) PG 18 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA JE895 UT WOS:A1992JE89500008 ER PT J AU GILLEY, JE KOTTWITZ, ER AF GILLEY, JE KOTTWITZ, ER TI BEGINNING OF MOTION FOR SELECTED UNANCHORED RESIDUE MATERIALS SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENTS; EROSION; CORNSTALK; RUNOFF AB Conservation tillage systems help to maintain residue materials from the previous crop on the soil surface. The potential for serious erosion may exist if crop residues are removed by overland flow. This study is conducted to identify the hydraulic conditions required to initiate residue movement by overland flow. Corn, cotton, peanut, pine needles, sorghum, sunflower, and wheat residue are placed in a flume on smooth and sand surfaces, and flow is then introduced in progressive increments. The discharge rate and flow velocity required to initiate residue movement are identified. Hydraulic measurements are used to calculate the ratio of critical flow depth to residue diameter, critical Reynolds number, critical shear stress, dimensionless shear stress, and boundary Reynolds number. Regression equations are developed to relate dimensionless shear stress to boundary Reynolds number. Close agreement is found between predicted and actual dimensionless shear stress. If residue diameter is known, the regression equations can be used to estimate the beginning of motion for other residue materials. Information obtained in this study can be used to help identify proper residue management practices for conservation tillage systems. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT BIOL SYST ENGN,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP GILLEY, JE (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 118 IS 4 BP 619 EP 630 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1992)118:4(619) PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA JE895 UT WOS:A1992JE89500009 ER PT J AU CLEMMENS, AJ BOS, MG AF CLEMMENS, AJ BOS, MG TI CRITICAL DEPTH RELATIONS FOR FLOW MEASUREMENT DESIGN SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Note C1 INST LAND RECLAMAT & IMPROVEMENT,6700 AA WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. RP CLEMMENS, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 118 IS 4 BP 640 EP 644 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1992)118:4(640) PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA JE895 UT WOS:A1992JE89500011 ER PT J AU ENDRIS, RG HESS, WR AF ENDRIS, RG HESS, WR TI EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION OF AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS BY THE SOFT TICK ORNITHODOROS (PAVLOVSKYELLA) MAROCANUS (ACARI, IXODOIDEA, ARGASIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARACHNIDA; ORNITHODOROS (P) MAROCANUS; ARBOVIRUS; AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS ID MOUBATA-PORCINUS; ERRATICUS AB A total of 1,600 Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) marocanus larvae were fed on a pig with a viremia of 10(7.4) HAd50/ml of African swine fever virus (ASFV). Infected larvae were sampled daily for 15 d, and nymphs were sampled at least once per instar until they became adults. Initial titers of 10(4.48) HAd50 per larva declined to 10(4.04) within 2 d. Larval titers reached a maximum of 10(6.0) HAd50 per larva 10 d after the infective blood meal. Nymphs of each instar were fed on a susceptible pig and in each case transmitted ASFV by bite. Virus titers for first to fourth instars ranged from 10(4.61) to 10(3.34) HAd50 per nymph. Transstadial survival occurred in subsequent first, second, third, and fourth instars with an 89% survival rate over 250 d. Approximately 30% of adult ticks that were infected as larvae remained infected and transmitted ASFV to susceptible pigs 588 d later. In addition, ASFV was recovered from the same adult ticks 655 d after the infective blood meal. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,NAA,PLUM ISLAND ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 29 IS 4 BP 652 EP 656 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA JB992 UT WOS:A1992JB99200013 PM 1495075 ER PT J AU HILBURN, LR DAVEY, RB AF HILBURN, LR DAVEY, RB TI TEST FOR ASSORTATIVE MATING BETWEEN BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS AND BOOPHILUS-ANNULATUS (ACARI, IXODIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARACHNIDA; CATTLE FEVER TICKS; ISOZYMES; HYBRIDIZATION ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; HYBRID STERILITY; TICKS ACARI; SUCCESSIVE GENERATIONS; CATTLE TICKS; B-MICROPLUS; DECOLORATUS; RESISTANCE; NUTRITION AB The closely relate cattle ticks, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) and B. annulatus (Say), were tested for possible assortative mating under conditions designed to mimic those in the field. Patterns in the numbers of the four possible types of matings were generally indicative of a preference for conspecific mates in both species. There were significantly more conspecific and fewer interspecific matings than would be predicted from the observed frequencies of males and females among the two species had they mated at random. C1 USDA ARS,CATTLE FEVER TICK RES LAB,MISSION,TX 78572. RP HILBURN, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,2700 FREDERICKSBURG RD,KERRVILLE,TX 78028, USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 29 IS 4 BP 690 EP 697 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA JB992 UT WOS:A1992JB99200019 PM 1495080 ER PT J AU BARNES, JK HIGGINS, LE SABROSKY, CW AF BARNES, JK HIGGINS, LE SABROSKY, CW TI LIFE HISTORIES OF PSEUDOGAURAX SPECIES (DIPTERA, CHLOROPIDAE), DESCRIPTIONS OF 2 NEW SPECIES, AND ECOLOGY OF NEPHILA-CLAVIPES (LINNEAUS) (ARANEAE, TETRAGNATHIDAE) EGG PREDATION SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE ARANEAE; CHLOROPIDAE; DIPTERA; NEPHILA-CLAVIPES; PREDATION; PSEUDOGAURAX; TETRAGNATHIDAE ID SPIDER; ARANEIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; SACS AB Reviews of known life histories of species of the chloropid genus Pseudogaurax are presented, along with original data. The genus includes egg predators of araneomorph spiders, mantid oothecae, and lepidopteran pupae. Fifteen egg sacs of the tetragnathid spider Nephila clavipes collected at three sites in Mexico yielded opportunistic occupants, egg predators and parasites, and spiderlings. From all egg sacs, one or more presumed parasite or egg predator emerged. Among insects emerging from egg sacs were two undescribed species of Pseudogaurax, both of which emerged from three of the egg sacs. Descriptions of the new species, P. higginsi Sabrosky and P. mexoculatus Sabrosky, are presented. C1 NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV MEXICO,CTR ECOL,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP BARNES, JK (reprint author), STATE EDUC DEPT,NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM,BIOL SURVEY,3132 CULTURAL EDUC CTR,ALBANY,NY 12230, USA. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0022-2933 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 26 IS 4 BP 823 EP 834 DI 10.1080/00222939200770501 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JQ259 UT WOS:A1992JQ25900006 ER PT J AU KELSEY, RG VANCE, NC AF KELSEY, RG VANCE, NC TI TAXOL AND CEPHALOMANNINE CONCENTRATIONS IN THE FOLIAGE AND BARK OF SHADE-GROWN AND SUN-EXPOSED TAXUS-BREVIFOLIA TREES SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article AB Taxol and cephalomannine concentrations were measured in the bark and foliage of Pacific yew trees growing in the shade of a forest canopy and at a site nearby where trees had been exposed to full sunlight for 6 years. Bark was the only tissue showing concentration differences due to light, with significantly greater quantities of both compounds in the bark of shaded trees than in the bark of sun-exposed trees. In either light regimen taxol concentrations were greater in the bark than in the needles or twigs. Taxol concentrations were higher in older needles than in younger needles, and the reverse was observed for twigs. Cephalomannine was substantially lower than taxol in concentration. Cephalomannine varied similarly to taxol among tissues of shade trees but not among tissues of sun-exposed trees. RP KELSEY, RG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 11 TC 47 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY PI CINCINNATI PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 55 IS 7 BP 912 EP 917 DI 10.1021/np50085a010 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JC172 UT WOS:A1992JC17200010 ER PT J AU DEGUZMAN, FS GLOER, JB WICKLOW, DT DOWD, PF AF DEGUZMAN, FS GLOER, JB WICKLOW, DT DOWD, PF TI NEW DIKETOPIPERAZINE METABOLITES FROM THE SCLEROTIA OF ASPERGILLUS-OCHRACEUS SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID AMAUROASCUS SP; AMAUROMINE; FLAVUS; NMR AB Three new diketopiperazine-containing metabolites 1-3 have been isolated from the sclerotia of Aspergillus ochraceus (NRRL 3519) by chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase hplc. The structures of these compounds were established using extensive high-field 1D and 2D nmr experiments. All three compounds cause moderate reduction in weight gain in assays against the lepidopteran crop pest Helicoverpa zea. C1 UNIV IOWA,DEPT CHEM,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. FU NCI NIH HHS [K04 CA01571] NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY PI CINCINNATI PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 55 IS 7 BP 931 EP 939 DI 10.1021/np50085a013 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JC172 UT WOS:A1992JC17200013 PM 1402958 ER PT J AU HARTMAN, WJ PRIOR, RL AF HARTMAN, WJ PRIOR, RL TI DIETARY ARGININE DEFICIENCY ALTERS FLUX OF GLUTAMINE AND UREA CYCLE INTERMEDIATES ACROSS THE PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA AND LIVER OF RATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ARGININE; GLUTAMINE; RATS; CITRULLINE; GLUTAMATE ID AMINO-ACID; METABOLISM; REQUIREMENTS; YOUNG; PYRROLINE-5-CARBOXYLATE; CITRULLINE; ORNITHINE; AMMONIA; CAT AB The effect of an arginine-deficient diet on net flux of amino acids across the portal-drained viscera and across the liver was studied in rats. Blood was obtained after food deprivation and 1 and 2 h after a meal of a 1.0% arginine control diet or an arginine-deficient diet containing 3.4% glutamate. The arginine-deficient diet decreased net portal-drained viscera flux of arginine and increased net portal-drained viscera flux of ornithine and proline. However, net portal-drained viscera flux of citrulline (0.35 +/- 0.05-mu-mol/min) was not influenced by diet; of this rate, 46% (0.16-mu-mol/min) bypassed the liver and was available for extrahepatic arginine synthesis. However, rats continued to exhibit signs of arginine deficiency such as decreased blood arginine concentrations (by 28%) and increased orotic acid excretion (90-fold). Arterial blood glutamine concentration was 25% higher in rats fed the arginine-deficient diet. In the fed state, net hepatic flux of glutamine was elevated from 0.15 (control) to 1.39-mu-mol/min, indicating that the liver was a major source of the increased blood glutamine concentrations. Increased production of hepatic glutamine and orotic acid may help rats compensate for dietary arginine deficiency, whereas splanchnic output of citrulline was not increased with dietary arginine deficiency even with a substantial dietary supply of glutamate. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 122 IS 7 BP 1472 EP 1482 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JB436 UT WOS:A1992JB43600015 PM 1619474 ER PT J AU SCHUSCHKE, DA REED, MWR SAARI, JT MILLER, FN AF SCHUSCHKE, DA REED, MWR SAARI, JT MILLER, FN TI COPPER DEFICIENCY ALTERS VASODILATION IN THE RAT CREMASTER MUSCLE MICROCIRCULATION SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE COPPER; ACETYLCHOLINE; RATS; NITRIC OXIDE; MICROCIRCULATION ID VASCULAR SMOOTH-MUSCLE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; RELAXING FACTOR; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; SUPEROXIDE ANION; DIETARY ZINC; RELAXATION; HYPERTENSION; INHIBITORS; RESPONSES AB The effects of copper deficiency on smooth muscle relaxation were studied in the cremaster muscle microcirculation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a copper-adequate diet (CuA, 5-mu-g copper/g diet) or copper-deficient diet (CuD, no added copper) for 17-27 d before experimentation. In vivo television microscopy was used to quantify agonist-induced diameter changes in third-order arterioles. Endothelium-dependent relaxation, which is hypothesized to be mediated by nitric oxide, was attenuated by copper deficiency. Both receptor (acetylcholine, 10(-7) to 10(-4) mol/L) and nonreceptor (calcium ionophore A23187, 10(-8) to 10(-7) mol/L) relaxation was decreased. Nitric oxide-mediated dilation, which was endothelium-independent (10(-7) to 10(-5) mol/L sodium nitroprusside), was also attenuated by copper deficiency. Maximal responses were as follows: for acetylcholine, 136 +/- 16% CuA vs. 45 +/- 15% CuD; for A23187, 104 +/- 16% CuA vs. 21 +/- 11% CuD; and for nitroprusside, 125 +/- 12% CuA vs. 46 +/- 13% CuD. There was no difference in microvascular dilation between groups treated with 10(-6) to 10(-4) mol/L of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor papaverine (e.g., CuA 109 +/- 11% vs. CuD 133 +/- 21% with 10(-4) mol/L). These results suggest that copper deficiency inhibits the nitric oxide-mediated mechanism of vascular smooth muscle relaxation without altering the capacity of the smooth muscle to relax. We suggest that copper deficiency either decreases nitric oxide radical availability or disrupts the nitric oxide-guanylate cyclase interaction. C1 UNIV LOUISVILLE,CTR APPL MICROCIRCULATORY RES,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292. USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. RP SCHUSCHKE, DA (reprint author), UNIV LOUISVILLE,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292, USA. NR 33 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 122 IS 7 BP 1547 EP 1552 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JB436 UT WOS:A1992JB43600024 PM 1619479 ER PT J AU OGUNWOLE, JO TROUT, DL OSILESI, O AF OGUNWOLE, JO TROUT, DL OSILESI, O TI PERTURBATIONS OF BLOOD-CHEMISTRY AND AFTER THE SHORT-TERM FEEDING OF A FIBER SUPPLEMENT IN NONINSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETIC AND NONDIABETIC SUBJECTS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FIBER SUPPLEMENT; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; POST-SUPPLEMENTATION EFFECT; PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE; LIPEMIC CONTROL; GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN ID DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; DIETARY FIBER; HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE; GUAR GUM; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; PLASMA-LIPIDS; BILE-ACIDS; OAT-BRAN AB Dietary fiber has important roles in lowering blood lipids and, at least for diabetic people, in controlling blood glucose. Unfortunately, mechanisms by which fiber exerts these important effects are poorly understood. The result is that one has little basis for rating the metabolic potency of fibers from their chemical or physical properties and for making specific and quantitative recommendations about fiber intakes for people. Ultimately, one needs to develop and test mechanistic models that predict how various changes in dietary fiber will affect the rate and magnitude of changes in blood lipids. The present study represents an early step toward that goal. A semi-purified fiber supplement (Fiber Excel) was added daily to the self-selected diets of a small group of noninsulin dependent diabetic and nondiabetic subjects for two weeks, and fasting bloods were taken prior to the supplement, after 1 and 2 weeks of fiber supplementation, and 1 week later. The extra fiber elicited few complaints of abdominal distress. Plasma glucose was depressed after 1 week in diabetic subjects while triglycerides were depressed after 1 and 2 weeks in nondiabetics. Total cholesterol tended to decrease (P > 0.05) among diabetic subjects, and the decrease was statistically significant in the high-density lipoprotein fraction in both groups. None of the parameters affected by extra fiber changed significantly within 1 week of its withdrawal. It appears that the time course of effects of adding or removing extra fiber from the diet can be observed and that these effects may persist for more than 1 week. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OGUN STATE UNIV,OBAFEMI AWOLOW COLL HLTH SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,AGO IWOYE,NIGERIA. RP OGUNWOLE, JO (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT NUTR & MED DIETET,1919 W TAYLOR ST,RM 650 M-C 517,CHICAGO,IL 60612, USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 3 IS 7 BP 353 EP 358 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(92)90027-G PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA JB290 UT WOS:A1992JB29000006 ER PT J AU TOMITA, B HSE, CY AF TOMITA, B HSE, CY TI COCONDENSATION OF UREA WITH METHYLOLPHENOLS IN ACIDIC CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE UREA; PHENOL; FORMALDEHYDE; COCONDENSATION; HYDROXYBENZYLUREA ID AMINO RESINS; RESOL AB The reactions of urea with methylolphenols under acidic conditions were investigated using 2- and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and crude 2,4,6-trimethylophenol as model compounds. The reaction products were analyzed with C-13-NMR spectroscopy and GPC. From the reaction of urea with 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, the formations of 4-hydroxybenzylurea, N,N'-bis (4-hydroxybenzyl) urea, and tris (4-hydroxybenzyl) urea were confirmed and the formations of NN-bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)urea and tetrakis(4-hydroxybenzyl)urea were suggested. From the reaction of urea and 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 2-hydroxybenzylurea and N,N'-bis (2-hydroxybenzyl) urea were identified. Further, the alternative copolymer of urea and phenol could be synthesized by the reaction of urea with 2,4,6-trimethylolphenol. It was also found that the cocondensation between p-methylol group and urea prevails against the self-condensation of the methylolphenol even at the low pH below 3.0, and that p-methylol group has the stronger reactivity to urea than o-methylol group. C1 US FOREST SERV,SOUTHERN FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP TOMITA, B (reprint author), UNIV TOKYO,FAC AGR,DIV FOREST PROD,DIV CHEM POLYMER MAT,1-1-1 YAYOI,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. NR 6 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-624X J9 J POLYM SCI POL CHEM JI J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1615 EP 1624 DI 10.1002/pola.1992.080300814 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA HY833 UT WOS:A1992HY83300014 ER PT J AU RUSSO, VM PERKINSVEAZIE, P AF RUSSO, VM PERKINSVEAZIE, P TI CULTURAL-PRACTICES AFFECTING YIELD AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF DRY BEAN SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Southeastern Oklahoma is a new region being evaluated for dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production. Cultural methods to improve yield of dry bean need to be developed for this area. Tests using the 'Fleetwood', an erect bush, white-seeded navy bean used by the industry, were performed on a Bernow fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Glossic Paleudalf soil at Lane in southeastern Oklahoma in 1989, 1990, and 1991. Total yield was determined and marketable seed yield estimated as a function of planting date (June or July) in 1989 or (May-July) in 1990; plant density (approx. 27 200-62 500 plants/acre) in 1989 and 1990, or (approx. 62 500 or 127 000 plants/acre) in 1991; fertilizer rate (additional 50N-0P-25K vs. 200N-200P-200K lb/acre) in 1990 and degradable black spray-on mulch in 1990 and 1991. In 1990, planting date and fertilizer rate were examined for effects on content of crude protein, starch, N, P, K, Cu, Mn, Zn, Al, B, Ca, Fe, Na, and Mg in marketable seed. Planting in mid-May 1990 produced 1.79 and 1.48 tons/acre of total and marketable yield, respectively, which were significantly greater than June or July plantings. On average over all years, mid-May plantings produced 1.44 and 1.23 tons/acre of total and marketable yield, respectively, which were both approximately 2.4-fold greater than the average total or marketable yields for June or July plantings. Numbers of marketable seed were similar in May and June, but decreased significantly as much as 25% in plantings after mid-June. Increasing plant density from approximately 25 800 to 62 500 plants/acre significantly increased total and marketable yields by almost 22% in 1990. Additional fertilizer and spray-on mulch did not affect yields. Spray-on mulch, for the most part, was degraded prior to canopy closure, but patches were still present at harvest. Seed protein and N levels increased with later planting and increased fertilizer. Levels of P, Cu, and Zn in seed increased, and levels of Mn decreased in plantings after mid-May. Potassium in seed from June-sown plants were higher than from May- or July-sown plants. Levels of Al, B, Ca, Fe, Na, and Mg were not affected by fertilizer level. Planting after mid-June and less fertilizer increased starch content. For this area that has warm summer nights planting in mid-April to mid-May is recommended, but use of spray-on mulch is not. Fertilization above recommended levels is not required. Planting at densities between 60 000 and 100 000 plants/acre in most years should provide yields above 1 ton/acre. RP RUSSO, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 5 IS 3 BP 323 EP 327 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JH140 UT WOS:A1992JH14000007 ER PT J AU STOUT, WL BYERS, RA LEATH, KT BAHLER, CC HOFFMAN, LD AF STOUT, WL BYERS, RA LEATH, KT BAHLER, CC HOFFMAN, LD TI EFFECTS OF WEED AND INVERTEBRATE CONTROL ON ALFALFA ESTABLISHMENT IN OAT STUBBLE SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Crop residues in conservation tillage can provide excellent habitats for invertebrates that feed on alfalfa seedlings. The impact of invertebrate feeding on seedlings has been assessed for alfalfa no-till seeded into wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) stubble and grass sods, but not oat stubble. Thus, our objective was to determine the influence of weed and invertebrate control on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) establishment in oat (Avena sativa L.) stubble. Alfalfa was drilled into a plowed seedbed or into oat stubble. Postplant weed control (none or sethoxydim) and slug and insect control (plowing, methiocarb bait [3,5-dimethyl-4-(methylthio)phenol methylcarbamate], carbofuran [2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate], methiocarb plus carbofuran, and none) treatments were evaluated during the establishment of alfalfa at the Rock Springs Agricultural Research Center in Centre County, PA, on a silt loam (Typic Hapludalf; fine, mixed, mesic) soil. Slug numbers were measured 1, 3, and 6 wk after planting. Seedling frequency and invertebrate feeding were measured 3 and 6 wk after planting. Morphological development was measured 6 wk after planting. Yields were taken the spring following planting. Reducing weed populations increased seedling shoot weight, trifoliolate leaves per plant, and production year first-cut yields. Invertebrate management decreased gray field slug (Derocerus reticulatum) populations and increased seedling frequency during initial seedling growth. Controlling volunteer oat was the major factor affecting establishment and yield of alfalfa no-till seeded into oat stubble. RP STOUT, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,PASTURE RES LAB,CURTIN RD,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 5 IS 3 BP 349 EP 352 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JH140 UT WOS:A1992JH14000011 ER PT J AU CHICHESTER, FW MORRISON, JE AF CHICHESTER, FW MORRISON, JE TI AGRONOMIC EVALUATION OF FERTILIZER PLACEMENT METHODS FOR NO-TILLAGE SORGHUM IN VERTISOL CLAYS SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB One goal in conservation farming systems is to optimize fertilizer use while reducing the loss of soil by water erosion. This requires evaluation of fertilizer application methods that minimize physical disturbance of protective crop residues and the soil surface and allow efficient uptake of added nutrients by the crop. We conducted this study to determine which of several surface and subsurface fertilizer application techniques would be the most beneficial to plant responses. A 3-yr randomized block study was conducted on a Houston Black clay (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Udic Pellusterts) at Temple, TX. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake and grain yield were measured for the sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] test crop. All methods performed equally as indicated by crop yield responses and plant N and P contents. Based on these results and in conjunction with prior machine field performance testing, we have selected the coulter-nozzle applicator for fertilizer application in our conservation tillage research program. RP CHICHESTER, FW (reprint author), USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 5 IS 3 BP 378 EP 382 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JH140 UT WOS:A1992JH14000017 ER PT J AU KARN, JF AF KARN, JF TI AD-LIBITUM PHOSPHORUS SUPPLEMENTATION OF RANGE COWS IN THE NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Phosphorus (P) supplementation of range cows is practiced in the Northern Great Plains, but animal performance data to support this practice are limiting. The performance of range cows and calves grazing native pastures with and without ad libitum supplemental P was compared during the June through October grazing seasons of 1978, 1979, and 1980. Pastures contained primarily western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love], needleandthread (Stipa comata Trin. and Rupr.), green needlegrass (S. viridula Trin.), blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Griffiths], and upland sedges (Carex spp.). Phosphorus levels in extrusa and standing crop forage were monitored and compared to U.S. National Research Council (USNRC requirements for lactating beef cows (Bos taurus). Mean overall supplemental P consumption was 0.14, 0.09, and 0.02 oz/cow/d, which represented only 19, 12, and 3% of USNRC requirements for 1978, 1979, and 1980, respectively. Cow liveweight gains and calf adjusted weaning weights (205 d) were not affected (P > 0.05) by ad libitum supplemental P. Final serum P levels were higher (P < 0.05) in P supplemented cows compared to nonsupplemented cows in 1978 and 1979, but not in 1980. Ad libitum supplemental P consumption was roughly inverse to forage P levels in 1978 and 1979. However, for the 3 yr a low correlation coefficient (r = -0.57) was obtained between extrusa forage P and ad libitum supplemental P consumption. The poor relationship between forage P and supplemental P consumption, plus a lack of animal liveweight response any of the 3 yr, suggests that either forage P levels were adequate for animal needs or that animals did not consume adequate amounts of supplemental P as offered in the salt mixture. Further P supplementation studies are in progress to determine the effect of higher P levels fed over a longer period of time. RP KARN, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,POB 459,MANDAN,ND 58554, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 5 IS 3 BP 409 EP 413 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JH140 UT WOS:A1992JH14000023 ER PT J AU LANGE, CE BRITO, JM HENRY, JE AF LANGE, CE BRITO, JM HENRY, JE TI CHARACTERISTICS OF A MICROSPORIDIUM (PROTOZOA, MICROSPORA) INFECTING GRASSHOPPERS (ORTHOPTERA, PYRGOMORPHIDAE) IN CAPE-VERDE, AFRICA SO JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NOSEMA-PYRGOMORPHAE; PYRGOMORPHA ID NOSEMA AB A light and electron microscopic study was conducted of a microsporidium isolated from the grasshopper Pyrgomorpha cognata Krauss, 1877 collected in Santo Antao and Santiago Islands, Cape Verde. The evidence suggests that although there are some differences, such as tissues affected and size of spores, the organism appears conspecific with Nosema pyrgomorphae Toguebaye, Seck & Marchand, 1988, which was described from another species of the genus Pyrgomorpha Audinet-Serville, 1838 in Senegal. However, in addition to the differences in tissue specificity and size of spores, light microscopy studies also revealed some stages of the pathogen (uninucleate bodies and plasmodia) apparently not previously observed in N. pyrgomorphae. C1 NATL UNIV LA PLATA,CTR ESTUDIOS PARASITOL & VECTORES,RA-1900 LA PLATA,ARGENTINA. INST NACL INVEST AGR,PRAIA,CAPE VERDE. MONTANA STATE UNIV,ENTOMOL RES LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP LANGE, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3921 J9 J PROTOZOOL PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 39 IS 4 BP 494 EP 498 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1992.tb04837.x PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JE021 UT WOS:A1992JE02100009 ER PT J AU ELLIS, KJ SHYPAILO, RJ SHENG, HP POND, WG AF ELLIS, KJ SHYPAILO, RJ SHENG, HP POND, WG TI INVIVO MEASUREMENTS OF NITROGEN, HYDROGEN, AND CARBON IN GENETICALLY-OBESE AND LEAN PIGS SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY-ARTICLES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONF ON METHODS AND APPLICATIONS OF RADIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ( MARC-II ) CY APR 21-27, 1991 CL KONA, HI SP AMER NUCL SOC, US FDA, CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR, US EPA, UNIV HAWAII ID TOTAL-BODY NITROGEN AB Characteristic gamma-rays are emitted promptly by elements during exposure to neutrons. These emissions enable a radioanalytical analysis of the body's composition of protein (nitrogen), water (hydrogen), and fat (carbon). We have used this method in vivo to determine the body composition of obese and lean pigs (10 to 20 kg body wt) fed an altered cholesterol diet. RP ELLIS, KJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOAN NUCL CH AR JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Artic. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 160 IS 1 BP 159 EP 168 DI 10.1007/BF02041666 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA JF677 UT WOS:A1992JF67700016 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, HB MAYEUX, HS AF JOHNSON, HB MAYEUX, HS TI VIEWPOINT - A VIEW ON SPECIES ADDITIONS AND DELETIONS AND THE BALANCE OF NATURE SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE ECOLOGY; PALEOECOLOGY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; CLIMAX; VEGETATION CHANGE; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; EXTINCTION; COEVOLUTION; CREOSOTE-BUSH ID DUTCH ELM DISEASE; NORTH-AMERICA; MOJAVE DESERT; CREOSOTE BUSH; HISTORY; VEGETATION; FORESTS; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; CLIMATE AB Popular assumptions about ecosystem stability and the delicate balance of nature are found lacking when examined in terms of paleoecological, historical and current biochronological, and biogeographical sequences in a wide variety of environments. Species composition of vegetation varies continuously in time as well as space in the absence of acute perturbations. Species have been added to or removed from ecosystems without greatly affecting ecosystem function. Natural ecosystems exhibit greater stability (inertia) in physiognomic structure and functional processes than in species composition. For instance, creosotebush became dominant over many millions of hectares of the Chihuahuan, Sonoran, and Mojave Deserts over a short period of 11,000 years, but a limited number of generations precludes establishment of highly integrated and biologically regulated communities by co-evolution. Dramatic shifts in species composition of eastern deciduous forests of North America occurred in prehistory and continue into the present. Similar changes are noted in the constant assembling and reassembling of species in the purportedly ancient and stable forests of the tropics. Numerous introductions with few extinctions in the flora of California have increased species richness and probably diversity, and many recent additions are primary contributors to ecosystem productivity. Recognition that rangeland ecosystems persist in unstable rather than stable species compositions provides both a challenge and an opportunity for natural resource management. The challenge is to develop new management principles that incorporate nonequilibrium theory. The opportunity is the promotion of policies and regulations that more closely reflect reality. RP JOHNSON, HB (reprint author), USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 121 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 45 IS 4 BP 322 EP 333 DI 10.2307/4003077 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JD608 UT WOS:A1992JD60800001 ER PT J AU HAFERKAMP, MR CURRIE, PO VOLESKY, JD KNAPP, BW AF HAFERKAMP, MR CURRIE, PO VOLESKY, JD KNAPP, BW TI MORTALITY OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS AND RUSSIAN WILD RYE DURING DROUGHT SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PLANT DEATH; TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; DROUGHT; AGROPYRON-DESERTORUM; PSATHROSTACHYS-JUNCEA ID GRASSES AB From September 1987 through September 1988, the Northern Great Plains near Miles City, Mont., received 31% of the long-term average precipitation. We monitored the impact of the hot, dry conditions during the growing season on mortality of tillers and plants of 'Vinall' Russian wildrye (Psathrostachys juncea [Fisch.] Nevski) and 'Nordan' crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum [Fisch.] Schult). Plants were collected in the field, watered, and placed in controlled environments. Ninety-two percent of the wildrye plants collected in July produced green shoots. Fifty-seven percent of the wheatgrass plants collected in July produced shoots. The maximum percentage of wildrye and wheatgrass plants producing green shoots in August was significantly (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.10) less than in July. Transects were used to sample density of dormant and live plants after September rains, and plants were incubated as before. When transect and incubation data were combined, only 41% of the wildrye and 16% of the wheatgrass plants were deemed viable in September. C1 USDA ARS,FORAGE & LIVESTOCK RES LAB,EL RENO,OK 73036. RP HAFERKAMP, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 45 IS 4 BP 355 EP 357 DI 10.2307/4003082 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JD608 UT WOS:A1992JD60800006 ER PT J AU YOUNG, JA MARTENS, E WEST, NE AF YOUNG, JA MARTENS, E WEST, NE TI GERMINATION OF BUR BUTTERCUP SEEDS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE POISONOUS PLANT; RANGE WEED; SCARIFICATION; SEED DORMANCY ID REQUIREMENTS; TEMPERATURE; LIGHT AB Bur buttercup (Ranunculus testiculatus Crantz) is an alien annual species that has spread rapidly through range and croplands in the western United States. This species is potentially poisonous and is currently a weed in cereal grain fields. We investigated the germination of the achenes (seeds). About 30% of the seeds of bur buttercup germinated without pretreatment, but only at cool to cold temperatures (maximum germination 28% at 5-degrees-C). Germination was not enhanced by light, washing, or prechilling of seeds. Acid scarification for 25 minutes increased germination. Enrichment of the germination substrate with 0.289 mmol L-1 gibberellic acid (GA3) and 0.01 mol L-1 potassium nitrate (KNO3) synergistically enhanced the germination of acid scarified seeds. Incubation of seeds pretreated in this manner at 55 constant or alternating temperatures resulted in maximum germination of 70%. All temperature regimes with optimum germination (defined as not lower than the maximum observed and one-half its confidence interval at 0.01 level of probability) occurred at relatively cool temperatures. Temperatures above 30-degrees-C greatly suppressed or inhibited germination. Embryonic plants dissected from the achene coats had 60% germination without additional pretreatment, but only at cool to cold incubation temperatures. The germination-dormancy requirements of bur buttercup seeds are obviously complex, but about 30% of the seeds appear adapted for germination at cold seedbed temperatures, which fits with the extreme ephemeral growth habit of the species. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,RANGE ECOL,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP YOUNG, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,920 VALLEY RD,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 45 IS 4 BP 358 EP 362 DI 10.2307/4003083 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JD608 UT WOS:A1992JD60800007 ER PT J AU KENNETT, GA LACEY, JR BUTT, CA OLSONRUTZ, KM HAFERKAMP, MR AF KENNETT, GA LACEY, JR BUTT, CA OLSONRUTZ, KM HAFERKAMP, MR TI EFFECTS OF DEFOLIATION, SHADING AND COMPETITION ON SPOTTED KNAPWEED AND BLUEBUNCH WHEATGRASS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT; PSEUDOROEGNERIA-SPICATA; GRAZING MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ID SHEEP AB Spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) is a noxious plant that has invaded many native ranges in the Northern Intermountain Region. Although the use of livestock to control knapweed is intuitively appealing, feasibility of the strategy has received little attention. This greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate response of spotted knapweed to defoliation, light, and competition. Although total knapweed biomass (g/plant) was not altered by defoliation treatments, several of the more severe treatments adversely affected root, crown, and final harvest foliage. Root and crown growth were also adversely affected by increasing competition from bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata). Foliage, root, and crown growth of spotted knapweed increased significantly when plants received full, rather than half light. Spotted knapweed was less sensitive to defoliation than was bluebunch wheatgrass. Although the feasibility of using livestock to control spotted knapweed cannot be completely disregarded, data suggest that the knapweed would have to be selectively and repeatedly grazed during the growing season. C1 USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES STN,MILES CITY,MT. RP KENNETT, GA (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 45 IS 4 BP 363 EP 369 DI 10.2307/4003084 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JD608 UT WOS:A1992JD60800008 ER PT J AU MAYLAND, HF ASAY, KH CLARK, DH AF MAYLAND, HF ASAY, KH CLARK, DH TI SEASONAL TRENDS IN HERBAGE YIELD AND QUALITY OF AGROPYRONS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE GRASS TETANY; PLANT ANALYSIS; ELEMENTS; CRUDE PROTEIN; INVITRO DIGESTIBILITY; WHEATGRASS ID CRESTED WHEATGRASS; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; FORAGE AB Crested wheatgrasses (Agropyron spp.) are grown on 6 million ha in the U.S. and Canada, where they provide excellent early-season forage, but lose nutritional quality by midsummer. Some producers believe that A. fragile maintains its quality longer than other crested wheatgrasses. This study compared herbage yield and quality of 3 A. fragile entries with A. desertorum, A. cristatum, 1-28 (induced tetraploid of A. cristatum), and the hybrid 'Hycrest'. Entries were established near Logan, Ut., on 1-m spacings. Herbage yield and quality were determined in year 2 and 3 at vegetative, boot, flower, seed ripe, and post-seed-ripe maturity stages (harvests 1 through 5) and on regrowth following the vegetative and boot-stage harvests. All entries flowered within 1 to 2 days of each other. Dry-matter yield increased for all grasses, but digestibility (IVDMD), crude protein, and elemental concentrations declined with maturity. Mean IVDMD values for all grasses were 741, 642, 534,485, and 444 mg g-1 for harvests 1 through 5 and 490 and 560 mg g-1 for the regrowth following harvest 1 and 2. The A. fragile entries had higher N, Ca, P, and Ca/P, but lower yield, IVDMD, and grass tetany potential values than other Agropyrons. Contrary to expectations, IVDMD of A. fragile decreased to 500 mg g-1, 6 to 11 days earlier than for the other Agropyrons. The I-28 and Hycrest entries had higher yield, IVDMD, K, and grass tetany risk and lower N, Ca, P, and Ca/P than the other Agropyrons. C1 USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP MAYLAND, HF (reprint author), USDA ARS,3700 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 45 IS 4 BP 369 EP 374 DI 10.2307/4003085 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JD608 UT WOS:A1992JD60800009 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, MC MAYLAND, HF AF WILLIAMS, MC MAYLAND, HF TI SELENIUM ABSORPTION BY 2-GROOVED MILKVETCH AND WESTERN WHEATGRASS FROM SELENOMETHIONINE, SELENOCYSTINE, AND SELENITE SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ASTRAGALUS-BISULCATUS; PASCOPYRUM-SMITHII; HYDROPONICS; NUTRIENT CULTURE; SELENOSIS; UPTAKE ID ACCUMULATION; PLANTS; SOILS AB Selenium (Se) occurs in various forms in soils, including inorganic selenite and selenate and organic selenomethionine. Plant uptake of the inorganic, but not the organic forms, has been studied extensively. Organic-Se uptake was therefore examined in two-grooved milkvetch (Astragalus bisulcatus (Hook.) Gray), a Se-accumulating forb, and western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Love), a non-Se accumulating grass. Plants were grown for 56 days in nutrient culture enriched with 1 or 2 mg Se liter-1 as sodium selenite or 0.3 or 0.6 mg Se liter-1 as Se-DL-methionine or Se-DL-cystine. Growth was not affected by the Se treatments. Selenium concentrations in shoots were proportional to nutrient-solution concentrations for both species grown in sodium selenite and selenocystine, and for wheatgrass when grown in selenomethionine. Selenium concentrations in milkvetch were not increased by the higher concentration of selenomethionine. Shoots of milkvetch, growing in the low-Se treatment contained 243, 283, and 47-mu-g Se g-1, for the sodium selenite, selenomethionine, and selenocystine treatments, respectively, whereas values for the wheatgrass were 20, 32, and 17. Shoot:root Se concentrations were 1.2, 0.7, and 0.4 in milkvetch and 0.1, 0.5, and 0.1 in wheatgrass for the sodium selenite, selenomethionine, and selenocystine, respectively. Selenium is more readily transported to shoots in the accumulator plant, or conversely; there is a barrier to Se movement to shoots in the nonaccumulator plant. Wheatgrass contained sufficient Se to be of concern in animal toxicosis and because of greater dry matter yield accumulated as much or more Se than did the milkvetch. C1 USDA ARS,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341. RI Barickman, Thomas/I-6993-2012 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 45 IS 4 BP 374 EP 378 DI 10.2307/4003086 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JD608 UT WOS:A1992JD60800010 ER PT J AU FITZGERALD, SM TANNER, GW AF FITZGERALD, SM TANNER, GW TI AVIAN COMMUNITY RESPONSE TO FIRE AND MECHANICAL SHRUB CONTROL IN SOUTH FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SOUTH FLORIDA PRAIRIE RESTORATION; SEASONAL ROLLER CHOPPING; SEASONAL PRESCRIBED BURNING; BIRD RESPONSES AB Effects of prescribed fire and roller chopping applied in 2 seasons on woody vegetation and the associated avian community of a southwestern Florida former dry prairie were studied. There were 5 vegetation treatments with 2 replications of each; treatments were control, winter burn, winter chop, summer burn, and summer chop. Percent shrub cover was sampled with line intercept transects. Birds were censused 25 times using the variable circular plot method. Burning in either season reduced shrub cover temporarily; chopping in either season reduced shrub cover significantly and it remained reduced throughout the 15 months of this study. Bird species richness and abundance were similar in control and burn plots. Birds were not seen in summer chop plots up to 5 months posttreatment. Bird species richness and abundance remained low in both winter and summer chop plots. Bird species that were observed in chop plots were mostly open country, grassland inhabitants, indicating a trend toward prairie restoration. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,WILDLIFE & RANGE SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP FITZGERALD, SM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,APALACHICOLA NATL FOREST,CRAWFORDVILLE,FL 32327, USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 45 IS 4 BP 396 EP 400 DI 10.2307/4003090 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JD608 UT WOS:A1992JD60800014 ER PT J AU GANSKOPP, D ANGELL, R ROSE, J AF GANSKOPP, D ANGELL, R ROSE, J TI RESPONSE OF CATTLE TO CURED REPRODUCTIVE STEMS IN A CAESPITOSE GRASS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE AGROPYRON-DESERTORUM (FISCHER EX LINK) SCHULTES; GRAZING BEHAVIOR; OLD GROWTH; WOLF-PLANTS; FORAGE PREFERENCE; PALATABILITY; OPTIMUM FORAGING ID SHEEP; RANGE AB Accumulation of wolf plants in rangeland pastures frequently results in waste or incomplete utilization of high quality forage by cattle. The objective of this research was to establish the degree of sensitivity of cattle to cured stems in crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Schultes) at 3 stages of phenology (late-boot, anthesis, and quiescence). This was accomplished by providing individual plants having densities of 0, 3, 6, 9, or 12 cured stems per dm2 basal area and measuring frequency and degree of utilization after exposure to cattle grazing. Project design was a split-plot in a randomized complete block with 3 replications, 3 stages of phenology as whole plots, and 5 densities of stems as treatments. A significant (P<0.01) phenology X treatment interaction occurred with cattle being equally sensitive to all treatments containing stems at late-boot and anthesis and oblivious to their presence at quiescence. At late-boot and anthesis stages of phenology 75% of plants with no stems were grazed while only 45% of plants with stems were grazed. Respective levels of utilization from the same treatments were 25 and 8%. A negative response was exhibited by cattle during anthesis when as little as 4% of biomass was contributed by cured stems. These results suggest that old growth stems should be removed or their presence noted as a covariate when conducting palatability studies or when observing plant-specific responses to defoliation by cattle. Cattle were not sensitive to treatments at quiescence when roughly 75% of plants in all treatments were defoliated with 25% herbage removal. This suggests that heavy grazing of a pasture with an objective of obtaining utilization of wolf plants would be most successful after all forage has cured, and cattle are less selective. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,EASTERN OREGON AGR RES CTR,SQUAW BUTTE STN,BURNS,OR 97720. RP GANSKOPP, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN OREGON AGR RES CTR,SQUAW BUTTE STN,HC71 451 HWY 205,BURNS,OR 97720, USA. NR 31 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 45 IS 4 BP 401 EP 404 DI 10.2307/4003091 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JD608 UT WOS:A1992JD60800015 ER PT J AU KEMPER, D DABNEY, S KRAMER, L DOMINICK, D KEEP, T AF KEMPER, D DABNEY, S KRAMER, L DOMINICK, D KEEP, T TI HEDGING AGAINST EROSION SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. USDA ARS,COUNCIL BLUFFS,IA 51503. USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,COLUMBIA,MO 65203. USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,MIDWEST TECH CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68508. RP KEMPER, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 5,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 3 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 47 IS 4 BP 284 EP 288 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA JH984 UT WOS:A1992JH98400005 ER PT J AU BENSON, VW POTTER, KN BOGUSCH, HC GOSS, D WILLIAMS, JR AF BENSON, VW POTTER, KN BOGUSCH, HC GOSS, D WILLIAMS, JR TI NITROGEN LEACHING SENSITIVITY TO EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND SOIL-WATER STORAGE ESTIMATES IN EPIC SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article AB Two major influences on the soil water balance-potential evapotranspiration, and soil water storage capacity-are estimated in the Erosion/Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model based upon soil and weather conditions. The EPIC model contains a choice of five methods to estimate potential evapotranspiration (Penman-Monteith, Penman, Priestley-Taylor, Hargreaves and Modified Hargreaves). There are four methods for estimating soil water storage capacity (Ritchie, Rawls, Baumer, and Manrique). Combinations of methods of estimating these two variables were used to determine if water and nitrogen percolation loss estimates varied with the method selected. Simulations were performed for five locations throughout the United States to determine differences due to climate and soils. Consistent differences in water percolation and N leaching occurred within a given location with different potential evapotranspiration and soil water storage capacity models. Across locations, however, percolation and N leaching usually varied more with local weather and soil conditions than among estimation methods. Care should be taken to select the most appropriate models for a given location if more than relative results are needed. C1 USDA ARS,TEMPLE,TX 76502. USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,FT WORTH,TX 76116. TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,TEMPLE,TX 76502. RP BENSON, VW (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 7 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 47 IS 4 BP 334 EP 337 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA JH984 UT WOS:A1992JH98400014 ER PT J AU BANUELOS, GS MEAD, R WU, L BEUSELINCK, P AKOHOUE, S AF BANUELOS, GS MEAD, R WU, L BEUSELINCK, P AKOHOUE, S TI DIFFERENTIAL SELENIUM ACCUMULATION AMONG FORAGE PLANT-SPECIES GROWN IN SOILS AMENDED WITH SELENIUM-ENRICHED PLANT-TISSUE SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID TREATED SOILS; CROPS; IRRIGATION; MUSTARD; ALFALFA AB Field trials were conducted to evaluate the differential ability of selenium (Se) accumulation among alfalfa (Medicago sativa), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), canola (Brassica napus), and wild brown mustard (Brassica juncea) grown in soil where Se-laden plant tissue (Brassica juncea) bad been incorporated. Sixty days later, the mean total soil Se concentration at time of planting was 0. 7 mg Se kg-1 soil (0.7 part per million). Plants were clipped 60 and 145 days after transplanting, respectively, then weighed and analyzed for total tissue Se, crude protein, and digestible dry matter. The order of tissue Se accumulation among plant species tested were wild mustard=canola> alfalfa>birdsfoot trefoil>tall fescue. Selenium concentrations ranged from 1.3 to 50 mg Se kg-1 dry matter in the tall fescue and mustard/canola, respectively. Crude protein ranged from 16% to 27% for all species, excluding stem tissue from mustard and canola. Digestible dry matter of at least 90% was uniform among all plant species tested. Tall fescue, birdsfoot trefoil, and alfalfa appear to be suited as practical forage species to be grown on Se-enriched soils. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT GENET UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65711. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENVIRONM HORT,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP BANUELOS, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 47 IS 4 BP 338 EP 342 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA JH984 UT WOS:A1992JH98400015 ER PT J AU CURTIS, CE LANDOLT, PJ AF CURTIS, CE LANDOLT, PJ TI DEVELOPMENT AND LIFE-HISTORY OF PYRALIS-FARINALIS L (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) ON AN ARTIFICIAL DIET SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOTHS AB A rearing procedure based on a commercially-available formulated Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) diet is described for Pyralis farinalis L. Using this procedure at 24-degrees-C and 50% r.h., mean survival from egg to adult was 38.3%, with a yield of 95.6 adults per diet unit (240-ml glass jar), and mean development time from egg to adult was 70.1 days for males and 75.8 days for females. Mean generation time (egg to egg) for 61 generations averaged 65.4 days using early emerging adults at 24-degrees-C in the laboratory. Mean weights were 22.8 mg for males, 48.3 mg for females and 40.5-mu-g for eggs. In individual pairings with males, females each laid a mean of 305.8 eggs, with 81.3% egg hatch, and an egg incubation period of about 9 days. Most eggs were laid during days 2-5 (66.4%) and females survived an average of 9.8 days (10.2 for males). In multiple-moth mating containers (70 moths/container) used for colony production, average egg production was 235 eggs per female. Larval instars were classified based on head capsule measurements using larval exuviae to determine the number and sizes of larval instars. C1 BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP CURTIS, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 28 IS 3 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1016/0022-474X(92)90037-Q PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JC604 UT WOS:A1992JC60400005 ER PT J AU SCOTT, CT RIVER, BH KOUTSKY, JA AF SCOTT, CT RIVER, BH KOUTSKY, JA TI FRACTURE TESTING WOOD ADHESIVES WITH COMPOSITE CANTILEVER BEAMS SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITES AB A new approach to evaluating wood-adhesive joints is being used by the Wood Adhesives Science and Technology Research Work Unit at the Forest Products Laboratory. This test involves the measurement of adhesive fracture toughness in Mode I cleavage. It is an extension of the contoured double cantilever beam (CDCB) test developed by Mostovoy and others [1] and generally follows the procedures outlined in ASTM D 3433 [2]. Samples are prepared by bonding thin wood laminates to contoured aluminum beams. The addition of a laminate to the aluminum adherends significantly reduces the change in linear compliance with crack surface area (dC/da) of the composite, thereby influencing the calculation of fracture toughness. This effect is established both experimentally and theoretically. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT CHEM ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 20 IS 4 BP 259 EP 264 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA JY513 UT WOS:A1992JY51300003 ER PT J AU KRONICK, P MALEEF, B AF KRONICK, P MALEEF, B TI NONDESTRUCTIVE FAILURE TESTING OF BOVINE LEATHER BY ACOUSTIC-EMISSION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CALFSKIN AB Leather is usually characterized by its mechanical properties, but the details of stress-strain curves give little information about what is happening when leather is stretched. We have previously introduced the technique of acoustic emission spectroscopy to examine processes in leather during deformation. Here, one such process, disruption of adhesions, was examined in calfskin and mature cattlehide using acoustic emission spectroscopy. Calfskin and mature cattlehide had similar behavior, emitting sounds separately characteristic of the grain and the corium. Breakage of adhesions and fibers appeared earlier in corium than in grain. By observing the increase in energy and frequency of acoustic pulses it is possible to determine when the leather is about to fail, well before it tears. RP KRONICK, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 87 IS 7 BP 259 EP 265 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA KH428 UT WOS:A1992KH42800002 ER PT J AU ABBOTT, JA AFFELDT, HA LILJEDAHL, LA AF ABBOTT, JA AFFELDT, HA LILJEDAHL, LA TI FIRMNESS MEASUREMENT OF STORED DELICIOUS APPLES BY SENSORY METHODS, MAGNESS-TAYLOR, AND SONIC TRANSMISSION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MALUS-DOMESTICA; RIPENESS; QUALITY; POSTHARVEST AB 'Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) from five major U.S. production areas were tested after almost-equal-to 3 months of commercial storage. Soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), Magness-Taylor (MT) firmness, and sonic transmission spectra were compared with ripeness (maturity in trade terminology) scores assigned by six U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA)-licensed apple inspectors according to USDA Grades and Standards inspection procedures. USDA ripeness categories are defined by textural and flavor terms. Inspectors in this test used visual, manual, oral, and auditory sensations to make their judgements, but firmness was the paramount characteristic judged. SSC and TA did not correlate with inspectors' scores, MT, or sonic measurements and thus are not satisfactory indices of ripeness for stored apples. Sonic resonance functions correlated significantly with mean inspectors' scores and with MT firmness. Inspectors' scores correlated slightly better with MT firmness than with sonic terms. MT is destructive and site-specific; in contrast, sonic measurements are nondestructive and representative of the entire fruit. RP ABBOTT, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 49 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 117 IS 4 BP 590 EP 595 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JF492 UT WOS:A1992JF49200010 ER PT J AU BATZLI, JM GRAVES, WR VANBERKUM, P AF BATZLI, JM GRAVES, WR VANBERKUM, P TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RHIZOBIA EFFECTIVE WITH MAACKIA-AMURENSIS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RHIZOBIUM; BRADYRHIZOBIUM; NITROGEN FIXATION; ROOT BIOLOGY; TREE NUTRITION; WOODY LANDSCAPE PLANTS AB Our objectives were to test whether Maackia amurensis Rupr. & Maxim. nodulates and fixes N and to characterize the N-fixing bacteria effective with this host. Soil samples were collected near diverse legume trees at arboreta and public gardens in the United States, Canada, and China. Seedlings of M. amurensis were grown for 6 weeks in a low-N, sterile medium and inoculated with soil samples. At harvest, nodules were found on the lateral and upper portions of root systems. Bacteria were isolated from nodules and subcultured. Roots of seedlings inoculated with all 11 of these isolates nodulated and fixed N, confirming that the isolates were rhizobial bacteria. Growth of isolates in axenic culture generally was poor when single sources of C were provided. Generation times of the isolates ranged from 6 to 10 hours, and all isolates raised the pH of culture media. Isolates were highly resistant to several antibiotics, showed no 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) or beta-galactosidase activity, and were highly sensitive to NaCl. These results provide the first evidence that M. amurensis has the capacity to form N-fixing symbioses with rhizobial bacteria and indicate that the bacteria are Bradyrhizobium sp. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 117 IS 4 BP 612 EP 616 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JF492 UT WOS:A1992JF49200014 ER PT J AU JARRET, RL GAWEL, N WHITTEMORE, A AF JARRET, RL GAWEL, N WHITTEMORE, A TI PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS OF THE SWEET-POTATO [IPOMOEA-BATATAS (L) LAM] SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RFLP; EVOLUTION; GERMPLASM; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; RELATED SPECIES ID SWEET-POTATO; WILD; CONVOLVULACEAE; TRIFIDA; POLLEN; RFLP AB Twenty-four accessions of Ipomoea, representing 13 species of section Batatas and the outgroup species I. gracilis and I. pes-caprae were analyzed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Polymorphisms were detected by probing Southern blots of restriction enzyme-digested genomic DNA with 20 low or moderate copy number sequences isolated from an I. batatas cv. Georgia Red genomic library. Data were analyzed cladistically and phenetically. Ipomoea trifida, I. tabascana, and collection K233 are, of the materials examined, the most closely related to sweetpotato (I. batatas). Ipomoea littoralis, the only Old World species in the section, is a sister species to I. tiliacea. Ipomoea littoralis, I. umbraticola, I. peruviana, I. cynanchifolia, and I. gracilis are shown to be diploid (2n = 2x = 30). In contrast, I. tabascana is tetraploid (2n = 4x = 60). The intrasectional relationships of section Batatas species and the role of tetraploid related species in the evolution of the cultivated I. batatas are discussed. RP JARRET, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,1109 EXPT ST,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 45 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 117 IS 4 BP 633 EP 637 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JF492 UT WOS:A1992JF49200018 ER PT J AU POUNDERS, CT FOSTER, GS AF POUNDERS, CT FOSTER, GS TI MULTIPLE PROPAGATION EFFECTS ON GENETIC ESTIMATES OF ROOTING FOR WESTERN HEMLOCK SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TSUGA-HETEROPHYLLA; CLONE ID FAMILIES; CUTTINGS AB Analysis of clonal variation for two rooting traits of western hemlock [Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.] clones indicated that realized genetic gain would be improved by more effective partitioning and reduction of environmental differences associated with clones. Interactions between clones and multiple propagation dates were significant, but clone rank changes between dates were minor. Number of rooted cutting per plot (RC) and number of main roots per cutting (MR) were more highly correlated genetically (1.06) than phenotypically (0.36). Broad-sense heritabilities (H(x)2 = 0.62 and H(x)2 = 0.79 for RC and MR, respectively) and predicted genetic gain from clonal selection were moderately high. Both the percentage of rooted cuttings and root system quality could be rapidly improved by the clonal selection procedures used. C1 ALABAMA A&M UNIV,US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,NORMAL,AL 35762. RP POUNDERS, CT (reprint author), ALABAMA A&M UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,NORMAL,AL 35762, USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 117 IS 4 BP 651 EP 655 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JF492 UT WOS:A1992JF49200022 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP HAMIR, AN KIRKPATRICK, CE TODD, KS RUPPRECHT, CE AF DUBEY, JP HAMIR, AN KIRKPATRICK, CE TODD, KS RUPPRECHT, CE TI SARCOCYSTIS-FELIS SP-N (PROTOZOA, SARCOCYSTIDAE) FROM THE BOBCAT (FELIS-RUFUS) SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Note DE BOBCAT; FELIS-RUFUS; SARCOCYSTS; SARCOCYSTIS-FELIS; PANTHERS; COUGARS; CATS ID DOMESTIC CATS; MUSCLES AB Sarcocystis felis sp. n. was found in striated muscles of 4 of 6 bobcats (Felis rufus) from Arkansas. Sarcocysts were up to 2.1 mm long and up to 150-mu-m wide. The sarcocyst wall was about 1-mu-m thick and contained hobnaillike bumps and elongated villi. Bradyzoites were about 10 x 1.5-mu-m. Sarcocystis felis was structurally similar to sarcocysts from panthers, cougars, and domestic cats. C1 UNIV PENN,SCH VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,KENNETT SQ,PA 19348. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. WISTAR INST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 59 IS 2 BP 227 EP 229 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA JG464 UT WOS:A1992JG46400016 ER PT J AU NICKLE, WR MACGOWAN, JB AF NICKLE, WR MACGOWAN, JB TI GRENACHER BORAX CARMINE FOR STAINING NEMATODES INSIDE INSECTS SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Note DE NEMATODA; INSECT PARASITES; STAINING METHOD; GRENACHER BORAX CARMINE; ROMANOMERMIS-CULICIVORAX; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; STEINERNEMA-FELTIAE AB Grenacher's borax carmine stain was used to stain nematode parasites inside insects. This simple and useful procedure is described in detail. Examples of mermithid, Romanomermis culicivorax, and steinemematid nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae and S. feltiae, stained well. The insects used were larval stages of both dipteran and coleopteran insect pests. C1 DIV PLANT IND,GAINESVILLE,FL 32614. RP NICKLE, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,INVEST HEMATOL LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 59 IS 2 BP 231 EP 233 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA JG464 UT WOS:A1992JG46400018 ER PT J AU GAMBLE, HR MANSFIELD, LS AF GAMBLE, HR MANSFIELD, LS TI A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE PURIFICATION OF TRICHOSTRONGYLE EGG-SHELLS SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Note DE NEMATODA; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; EGG SHELL; HATCHING AB Biochemical analysis of nematode egg shells requires the availability of pure material. Eggs of the ruminant nematode, Haemonchus contortus, were purified from sheep feces by flotation on sucrose and Percoll. Unembryonated eggs were disrupted by chopping and sonication, and pure shell preparations were recovered by differential centrifugation on Percoll gradients. For recovery of shells after hatching, eggs were allowed to embryonate, then shells and hatched larvae were separated on Percoll gradients. RP GAMBLE, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 59 IS 2 BP 234 EP 236 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA JG464 UT WOS:A1992JG46400019 ER PT J AU MEYER, SLF AF MEYER, SLF TI INDUCTION OF INCREASED BENOMYL TOLERANCE IN VERTICILLIUM-LECANII, A FUNGUS ANTAGONISTIC TO PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES SO JOURNAL OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Note DE VERTICILLIUM; HETERODERA; SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE; NEMATODE; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; GENETIC MANIPULATION; MUTATION ID HETERODERA-GLYCINES AB Following exposure of Verticillium lecanii to ultraviolet radiation, 4 mutants were induced that exhibited greater tolerance to the fungicide benomyl than did the wild type. Colonies of the wild type strain increased in diameter at a rate of approximately 4-8 mm per week on 100-mu-g benomyl per ml potato dextrose agar; the mutants increased in diameter approximately 10-17 mm per week on the same agar. RP MEYER, SLF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,BLDG 011A,RM 153,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1049-233X J9 J HELMINTHOL SOC W JI J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 59 IS 2 BP 237 EP 239 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA JG464 UT WOS:A1992JG46400020 ER PT J AU SUN, Z HENSON, CA AF SUN, Z HENSON, CA TI EXTRACTION OF ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE FROM GERMINATED BARLEY KERNELS SO JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING LA English DT Article DE BARLEY, MALT; ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE; MALTASE; ENZYMES ID SOLUBILIZATION; AMYLASE; SEEDS AB Alpha-Glucosidase activities were extracted from flour of lyophilized, germinated barley seeds. To establish conditions resulting in maximal extraction of alpha-glucosidase activity from flour of germinated barley, we tested different buffer pH's, extraction times and temperatures, and additions of sulfhydryl reducing reagents, salts, and detergents to the extraction buffer. More enzyme activity was extracted as the extraction buffer pH increased from 3 to 9. The sulfhydryl reagents studied did not significantly increase extractable activity. The extractable activity rose with increased NaCl concentrations up to 2 M. Of the six detergents tested, the zwitterionic detergent CHAPS was most effective in solubilizing alpha-glucosidase activity, and when combined with NaCl resulted in a doubling in extractable activity as compared with phosphate buffer at pH 8.0. Extraction time and temperature were not critical for the actual solubilization of activity but temperature was quite critical in retaining solubilized alpha-glucosidase activity in crude extracts. C1 USDA AGRS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP SUN, Z (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST BREWING PI LONDON PA 33 CLARGES STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1Y 8EE SN 0046-9750 J9 J I BREWING JI J. Inst. Brew. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 98 IS 4 BP 289 EP 292 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JB705 UT WOS:A1992JB70500004 ER PT J AU REED, HC LANDOLT, PJ AF REED, HC LANDOLT, PJ TI PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON THE MATING BIOLOGY AND MATING STRATEGIES OF SOCIAL INSECTS - INTRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP REED, HC (reprint author), ORAL ROBERTS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,TULSA,OK 74171, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 65 IS 3 BP 209 EP 210 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JX949 UT WOS:A1992JX94900001 ER PT J AU LOPER, GM WOLF, WW TAYLOR, OR AF LOPER, GM WOLF, WW TAYLOR, OR TI HONEY-BEE DRONE FLYWAYS AND CONGREGATION AREAS - RADAR OBSERVATIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB We used an X-band radar unit to document honey bee (Apis mellifera) drone flyways and drone congregation areas (DCA's) in a nearly flat desert area. Within an approximate 5.0 x 2.0 km area adjacent to a commercial apiary, 18 km of flyways and at least 26 DCA's were located. The studies conducted during March and April in each of 4 years (1987-1990) confirmed that the location of flyways and DCA's were re-established day after day and year after year. Based on film records of radar images, our definition of a DCA is that site (almost-equal-to 100 m diam) where drones fly higher and are more numerous than in adjacent flyways. Flyways formed alongside the most prominent structural or physical features-e.g., tree lines formed in washes-but these flyways also branched, particularly when additional tree lines became visible on the near (almost-equal-to 200 to 250 m) horizon. Most DCA's occurred at these branch points; thus, the accumulation of drones at a DCA may be a result of rapid turning and altitude changes as the drones re-orient and select their next flight direction. The maximum height of drones in flyways was 21 m, whereas in DCA's they flew mainly from 30-50 m above ground. Flyways are more predominant than DCA's, and contain large numbers of drones. It is suggested that queens flying within or to the upwind side of flyways should attract sufficient drones to become easily mated. C1 USDA ARS,CROP INSECT PESTS MGMT RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. UNIV KANSAS,DEPT ENTOMOL,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. RP LOPER, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 20 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 65 IS 3 BP 223 EP 230 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JX949 UT WOS:A1992JX94900004 ER PT J AU NALEPA, CA JONES, SC AF NALEPA, CA JONES, SC TI EVOLUTION OF MONOGAMY IN TERMITES SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,GULFPORT,MS 39505. RP NALEPA, CA (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 65 IS 3 BP 251 EP 251 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JX949 UT WOS:A1992JX94900008 ER PT J AU PEITZMEIER, BA CAMPBELL, JB THOMAS, GD AF PEITZMEIER, BA CAMPBELL, JB THOMAS, GD TI INSECT FAUNA OF BOVINE DUNG IN NORTHEASTERN NEBRASKA AND THEIR POSSIBLE EFFECT ON THE FACE FLY, MUSCA-AUTUMNALIS (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FLIES DIPTERA; PARASITES; MORTALITY; MISSOURI; PASTURE AB Insect fauna populations in bovine dung reached seasonal peaks in the first week of July at the University of Nebraska Field Laboratory, Mead, Nebraska. A total of 24,145 adult insects were collected at three sites. The highest average number of insects was collected at 72 hr after dung deposition. Coleoptera comprised 83.1% of the total adult insects collected. Four families comprised 93.4% of the Coleoptera. Face fly parasitism averaged only 4.1%. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,W CENT RES & EXTENS CTR,N PLATTE,NE 69101. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ENTOMOL,USDA ARS,MIDWEST LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 65 IS 3 BP 267 EP 274 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JX949 UT WOS:A1992JX94900011 ER PT J AU WILSON, RL ROATH, WW AF WILSON, RL ROATH, WW TI POTENTIAL OF 3 LEPIDOPTERAN SPECIES AS PESTS AND 3 HYMENOPTERAN SPECIES AS POLLINATORS OF CUPHEA SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A potential source of medium chain-length fatty acids (MCFA's) has been found in the genus Cuphea (Lythraceae). Presently, the U.S. source of MCFA's is imported coconut (Cocos nuciferal L.) and palm kernel oils (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), or from petroleum based products. A United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) sponsored project is underway to domesticate Cuphea Jacq. so that the soap and detergent industry will have a domestic source of these strategic materials. Leaf feeding tests were run to determine if European com borer (Ostrinia nubilalis [Hubner]), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda [J. E. Smith]), or corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea [Boddie]) would be potential leaf feeding pests of Cuphea. Growth of all insect larvae tested was extremely poor, and none survived to pupate. We also compared honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), bumble bees (Bombus spp.), and alfalfa leaf cutting bees (Megachile rotundata [Fab.]) to determine the best pollinator for Cuphea seed increases in cages. Honey bees and bumble bees were both superior to alfalfa leaf cutting bees as pollinators of two species of Cuphea. RP WILSON, RL (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,N CENT REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 65 IS 3 BP 316 EP 320 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JX949 UT WOS:A1992JX94900017 ER PT J AU PRESS, JW MULLEN, MA AF PRESS, JW MULLEN, MA TI POTENTIAL OF THE WEEVIL PARASITOID, ANISOPTEROMALUS-CALANDRAE (HOWARD) (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) FOR PROTECTING COMMERCIALLY PACKAGED WHEAT FROM INFESTATION BY THE RICE WEEVIL, SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE (L) (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID RESIDUAL POPULATIONS; SUPPRESSION; WASP AB The weevil parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) was released into a room infested with the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), to determine if the parasitoid could prevent commercially packaged wheat from becoming infested. Significant S. oryzae suppression (99.4%) occurred for up to 4 mo, after which the wheat became infested and was completely destroyed within 2 more months. RP PRESS, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 7 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 65 IS 3 BP 348 EP 351 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JX949 UT WOS:A1992JX94900021 ER PT J AU NAKAHARA, S AF NAKAHARA, S TI NEW SYNONYMS OF FRANKLINIELLA-BONDARI AND A REVIEW OF THE SYNONYMS OF F-CEPHALICA (THYSANOPTERA, THRIPIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Frankliniella alba Moulton and F bratleyi Watson are junior synonyms of F. bondari Hood (New Synonymy). The seven species and varieties of Frankliniella treated as junior synonyms of F. cephalica (Crawford) in the "Catalogue of the Thysanoptera of the World" (1974), are not synonyms. Frankliniella bispinosa (Morgan), F. bruneri Watson, F. echinodora Moulton, F. melanommata Williams and F. reticulata (Crawford) are treated as valid species. Euthrips tritici var. projectus Watson and Frankliniella cephalica var. masoni Watson are junior synonyms of F. bispinosa (New Synonymy). RP NAKAHARA, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,PSI,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 100 IS 3 BP 415 EP 417 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JD696 UT WOS:A1992JD69600001 ER PT J AU LAGER, KM MENGELING, WL LIU, W AF LAGER, KM MENGELING, WL LIU, W TI COMPARISON OF THE VIRULENCE OF 2 ISOLATES OF PORCINE PARVOVIRUS IN 72-DAY-OLD PORCINE FETUSES SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB Two strains of porcine parvovirus (PPV), designated Kresse and NADL-8, were compared for relative virulence in porcine fetuses. Strain Kresse was injected into the amniotic fluid of all fetuses of 1 uterine horn of each of 2 pregnant gilts at 72 days of gestation. Strain NADL-8 was administered similarly to fetuses of 4 other gilts at the same stage of gestation. All gilts were killed and necropsied 35 days later. Selected tissues of all fetuses were tested for infectious virus and viral antigen. Sera from live fetuses were tested for antibody to PPV. These tests confirmed that most fetuses exposed to PPV by intra-amniotic injection became infected. All of 11 fetuses exposed to strain Kresse by intra-amniotic injection were alive at the time of necropsy, and all appeared clinically normal. In contrast, 8 of 24 fetuses exposed similarly to strain NADL-8 were dead. Many of the fetuses from the uterine horns contralateral to the uterine horns inoculated with virus were infected after 72 days of gestational age by intrauterine spread of the virus. Four such fetuses, 3 infected with the NADL-8 strain and 1 infected with the Kresse strain, were dead at the time of necropsy. These findings were inconsistent with those of a previous report, which indicated that the Kresse strain of PPV was markedly more virulent than the NADL-8 strain of PPV for porcine fetuses. A possible reason for this apparent discrepancy is discussed. RP LAGER, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 4 IS 3 BP 245 EP 248 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JK165 UT WOS:A1992JK16500003 PM 1325191 ER PT J AU KATZ, JB LANDGRAF, JG AF KATZ, JB LANDGRAF, JG TI SIMPLIFIED CHARACTERIZATION OF PSEUDORABIES VIRUSES USING MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY AND SELECTIVE CELL-CULTURE ANALYSES SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Note RP KATZ, JB (reprint author), USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 4 IS 3 BP 339 EP 341 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JK165 UT WOS:A1992JK16500020 PM 1325194 ER PT J AU MILLER, S BAUK, TJ AF MILLER, S BAUK, TJ TI LEAD TOXICOSIS IN A GROUP OF CATS SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Note RP MILLER, S (reprint author), USDA,ANIM HLTH LAB,BOX 1234,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 4 IS 3 BP 362 EP 363 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JK165 UT WOS:A1992JK16500029 PM 1515505 ER PT J AU HILL, RE BERAN, GW CLARK, WR AF HILL, RE BERAN, GW CLARK, WR TI DEMONSTRATION OF RABIES VIRUS-SPECIFIC ANTIBODY IN THE SERA OF FREE-RANGING IOWA RACCOONS (PROCYON-LOTOR) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE RABIES VIRUS; RACCOONS; PROCYON-LOTOR; SEROLOGIC SURVEY; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FIELD STUDY ID PROTEINS AB Between 1984 and 1988, a study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies in raccoons (Procyon lotor) in two counties in Iowa. Nine hundred eighty five raccoons were trapped and tagged in Guthrie and Cerro Gordo counties during the spring, summer and fall of each year. Sex, age and weight were recorded for each animal and a blood sample was collected. Serum samples were tested for the presence of serum neutralizing antibodies (SNA) by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT), mouse serum neutralization test (MSN), and an indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) technique for detecting immunoglobulin G. Fifty-one raccoons (5%) were found to have SNA by the RFFIT. Thirty-six serum samples (24 with RFFIT antibody titer >3.0, and 12 <3.0) were also tested by the MSN, with results correlating well with the RFFIT results (r = 0.86, P < 0.01, Kappa = 0.93). In 35 raccoons with SNA by the RFFIT, six individuals had immunoglobulin G binding activity by the IFA test. These results provided serologic evidence of exposure of raccoons to rabies virus in an area free of enzootic raccoon rabies. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM ECOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP HILL, RE (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,223 S WALNUT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 28 IS 3 BP 377 EP 385 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JF485 UT WOS:A1992JF48500005 PM 1512869 ER PT J AU DINKINES, WC LOCHMILLER, RL BARTUSH, WS DEYOUNG, CA QUALLS, CW FULTON, RW AF DINKINES, WC LOCHMILLER, RL BARTUSH, WS DEYOUNG, CA QUALLS, CW FULTON, RW TI CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY OF WHITE-TAILED DEER AS INFLUENCED BY MILITARY TRAINING ACTIVITIES IN SOUTHWESTERN OKLAHOMA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE WHITE-TAILED DEER; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; MORTALITY; MOVEMENTS; MILITARY TRAINING; SURVIVAL; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE VIRUS; SEROLOGY ID EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE; SOUTH TEXAS; BLUETONGUE; MOVEMENTS; SURVIVAL; FAILURE; CATTLE; FAWNS AB Radio-telemetry was used to monitor movements and mortality of 56 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in response to intensive military training activities on West Range (18,000 ha), Fort Sill Military Reservation, Oklahoma. Cause-specific mortality was determined for 22 radio-collared deer, including adults (greater-than-or-equal-to 2.0-yr-old), yearlings (0.6-1.9-yr-old), and fawns (less-than-or-equal-to 75-day-old age group) from 1987 to 1989. Winter home ranges were largely confined to a 14.411 ha impact area centrally located on West Range. The mean annual mortality rate was 0.50 for adults and yearlings combined. Fifty percent of all adult and yearling mortality was attributed to military training activities, 28% to hunting, 16% to collisions with automobiles, and 6% to unknown causes. The mean monthly mortality rate was 0.61 for neonatal fawns and predation accounted for three of four mortalities. All captured deer in the greater-than-or-equal-to 2.6-yr-old, 82% in the 1.6-yr-old, 10% in the 0.6-yr-old, and all deer in the <7-day-old age groups were seropositive for bluetongue virus (BTV). Our study strongly suggests that the consequences of military training activities should be considered in the management of white-tailed deer herds on military installations. C1 US FOREST SERV,LUFKIN,TX 75901. TEXAS A&I UNIV,COLL AGR & HOME ECON,KINGSVILLE,TX 78363. COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP DINKINES, WC (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 28 IS 3 BP 391 EP 399 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JF485 UT WOS:A1992JF48500007 PM 1512871 ER PT J AU MERTINS, JW SCHLATER, JL CORN, JL AF MERTINS, JW SCHLATER, JL CORN, JL TI ECTOPARASITES OF THE BLACKBUCK ANTELOPE (ANTILOPE-CERVICAPRA) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE BLACKBUCK ANTELOPE; ANTILOPE-CERVICAPRA; ECTOPARASITES; LICE; TICKS; DEER KEDS; SURVEY; PREVALENCE ID ACARI; HOST AB Fifty-two free-ranging blackbuck antelope (Antilope cervicapra) from Texas were examined for ectoparasites. Two species of sucking lice (Anoplura), one species of chewing louse (Mallophaga), one species of louse fly (Diptera), and three species of ticks (Acari) were found. This is the first report of the anoplurans Linognathus cervicaprae and L. pithodes from the Western) Hemisphere. The southern deer ked (Lipoptena mazamae), the winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus), and the rabbit tick (Haemaphysalis leporispalustris) are reported from blackbuck for the first time. The lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) and the mallophagan (Damalinia cornuta cornuta) were reported previously from blackbuck in Texas, the latter species under the name Tricholipeurus balanicus balanicus. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT PARASITOL,SE COOPERAT WILDLIFE DIS STUDY,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP MERTINS, JW (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 28 IS 3 BP 481 EP 484 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JF485 UT WOS:A1992JF48500026 PM 1512888 ER PT J AU CORN, JG RAPHAEL, MG AF CORN, JG RAPHAEL, MG TI HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS AT MARTEN SUBNIVEAN ACCESS SITES SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NEWFOUNDLAND; FOOD-HABITS; WINTER; AMERICANA AB The occurrence of coarse woody debris (CWD) at sites of subnivean (under snow) access by martens (Martes americana) has not been quantified adequately, and must be better understood to provide suitable winter habitat management for the species. Consequently, we studied subnivean activity of martens in a subalpine forest in southern Wyoming to determine how subnivean space was accessed, and to examine microhabitat characteristics around entry sites. Martens used existing openings in snow, created primarily by logs at low snow depths and by small live spruce and fir trees at greater snow depths. Sites of marten subnivean entry had greater percent cover (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) and total volume of CWD (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01), greater numbers of log layers (all P less-than-or-equal-to 0.02), greater volume of undecayed (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) and moderately decayed logs (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.02), less volume of very decayed logs (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.001), and fewer small root masses (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.001) than surrounding forest stands. Provision of sufficient CWD in winter habitat of martens may require specific effort, particularly in managed forests of the central Rocky Mountains. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,OLYMPIA,WA 98502. RP CORN, JG (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL ECOL RES CTR,4512 MCMURRY AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80525, USA. NR 22 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 56 IS 3 BP 442 EP 448 DI 10.2307/3808856 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA JE904 UT WOS:A1992JE90400004 ER PT J AU FLATHER, CH BRADY, SJ INKLEY, DB AF FLATHER, CH BRADY, SJ INKLEY, DB TI REGIONAL HABITAT APPRAISALS OF WILDLIFE COMMUNITIES - A LANDSCAPE-LEVEL EVALUATION OF A RESOURCE PLANNING-MODEL USING AVIAN DISTRIBUTION DATA SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AVIAN COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; DIVERSITY; HABITAT STRUCTURE; RESOURCE PLANNING MODEL; SPATIAL PATTERNS; WILDLIFE HABITAT AB A simple regional habitat model founded on the relation between vertical habitat complexity and species richness has been used to describe wildlife habitat in response to macroscale patterns in land use and land cover. While the model has a basis in ecological theory, it has not been subjected to rigorous testing. We evaluated the model's fundamental assumption on landscapes in the eastern forested region of the United States and found the model to be supported when we used a measure of avian community integrity during the breeding season. The model was improved by incorporating measures of horizontal heterogeneity, indicating that the vertical and horizontal structure of habitats should be considered in analyzing the response of wildlife to land resource policies that can affect broad land use patterns. RP FLATHER, CH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 0 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU S P B ACADEMIC PUBLISHING BV PI LELYSTAD PA PLATINASTRAAT 33, 8211 AR LELYSTAD, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 7 IS 2 BP 137 EP 147 DI 10.1007/BF02418944 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA JF615 UT WOS:A1992JF61500006 ER PT J AU RAKOFF, H ROHWEDDER, WK AF RAKOFF, H ROHWEDDER, WK TI CATALYTIC DEUTERATION OF ALKYNOLS AND THEIR TETRAHYDROPYRANYL ETHERS SO LIPIDS LA English DT Note ID GEOMETRIC ISOMERS; METHYL AB To ascertain the effect of a replaceable hydrogen on deuterium incorporation, 2-pentynol, 2-hexynol, 3-hexynol, their tetrahydropyranyl (THP) ethers, and the mono- and di-THP ethers of 3-hexyne-1,6-diol were deuterated catalytically with deuterium gas. The differences in percent d, (using Wilkinson's catalyst, tris(triphenylphosphine)-chlororhodium) or percent d2 (using Lindlar's catalyst, Pd on CaCO3 poisoned with a lead salt) measured for the alcohols and their THP ethers were, in general, less than 4% with either catalyst. Noticeable exceptions occurred during the deuteration over Wilkinson's catalyst of 2-pentynol and 2-hexynol; extensive scatter resulted in a substantial decrease in percent d4. This scatter was not observed with the corresponding THP ethers. RP RAKOFF, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD JUL PY 1992 VL 27 IS 7 BP 567 EP 569 DI 10.1007/BF02536142 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA JE121 UT WOS:A1992JE12100015 ER PT J AU PIERSON, LS THOMASHOW, LS AF PIERSON, LS THOMASHOW, LS TI CLONING AND HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION OF THE PHENAZINE BIOSYNTHETIC LOCUS FROM PSEUDOMONAS-AUREOFACIENS 30-84 SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article AB Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain 30-84 suppresses take-all disease of wheat caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Three antibiotics, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, 2-hydroxyphenazine-1-carboxylic acid, and 2-hydroxyphenazine, were responsible for disease suppression. Tn5-induced mutants deficient in production of one or more of the antibiotics (Phz-) were significantly less suppressive than the parental strain. Cosmids pLSP259 and pLSP282 from a genomic library of strain 30-84 restored phenazine production and fungal inhibition to 10 different Phz- mutants. Sequences required for production of the phenazines were localized to a segment of approximately 2.8 kilobases that was present in both cosmids. Expression of this locus in Escherichia coli required the introduction of a functional promoter, was orientation-specific, and resulted in the production of all three phenazine antibiotics. These results strongly suggest that the cloned sequences encode a major portion of the phenazine biosynthetic pathway. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,ROOT DIS & BIOL CONTROL RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 156 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 5 IS 4 BP 330 EP 339 DI 10.1094/MPMI-5-330 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA KR491 UT WOS:A1992KR49100008 PM 1325219 ER PT J AU PETERSON, SW AF PETERSON, SW TI NEOSARTORYA-PSEUDOFISCHERI SP-NOV AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER SPECIES IN ASPERGILLUS SECTION FUMIGATI SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLAVUS AB Re-examination of some species in the genus Neosartorya was prompted by the receipt of a Neosartorya strain isolated at autopsy from a fungal lesion occurring in human neck vertebrae (although the fungal lesion was not the proximal cause of death). The ascospore morphology of this dinical strain did not match that of any species description, but was identical to that of a strain of Aspergillus fischeri var. thermomutatus ex type. Examination of type material of A. fischeri var. thermomutatus showed that this taxon had been inadequately described. The anamorph is raised to species rank as Aspergillus thermomutatus, and the teleomorph is described as the new species Neosartorya pseudofischeri. Genetic similarity studies were conducted to aid in determining the correct taxonomic rank of the organism. RP PETERSON, SW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 28 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 96 BP 547 EP 554 PN 7 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA JH197 UT WOS:A1992JH19700004 ER PT J AU UECKER, FA KUO, KC AF UECKER, FA KUO, KC TI A NEW PHOMOPSIS WITH LONG PARAPHYSES SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE PHOMOPSIS-LONGIPARAPHYSATA SP NOV; PHOMOPSIS-JAVANICA; PHOMOPSIS-ANACARDII; SPONDIAS SP; ANACARDIUM-OCCIDENTALE; VITIS SP CV BLACK QUEEN AB A new species, Phomopsis longiparaphysata, is described from grapes in Taiwan. This fungus is distinctive because of its long, narrow, branched paraphyses and is the second Phomopsis described with paraphyses. It has also been isolated from fruits of Spondias sp. from Jamaica and from Anacardium occidentale from Kenya. Illustrations of all three isolates of P. longiparaphysata are provided along with illustrations of type material of P. anacardii. C1 TAIWAN AGR CHEM & TOX SUBSTANCES RES INST,TAIPEI 41301,TAIWAN. RP UECKER, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 44 IS 2 BP 425 EP 433 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA JC643 UT WOS:A1992JC64300012 ER PT J AU BERGER, AR SCHAUMBURG, HH SCHROEDER, C APFEL, S REYNOLDS, R AF BERGER, AR SCHAUMBURG, HH SCHROEDER, C APFEL, S REYNOLDS, R TI DOSE-RESPONSE, COASTING, AND DIFFERENTIAL FIBER VULNERABILITY IN HUMAN TOXIC NEUROPATHY - A PROSPECTIVE-STUDY OF PYRIDOXINE NEUROTOXICITY SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACRYLAMIDE AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY; SENSORY NEUROPATHY; NEURONOPATHY; SENSITIVITY; DEVICE; AXONS; CAT AB We administered either 1 or 3 g/d of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) to five healthy volunteers and repeatedly followed serum pyridoxal phosphate levels, clinical symptoms and signs, quantitative sensory thresholds (QSTs), and sural nerve electrophysiology. Pyridoxine was discontinued at the first sign of either clinical or laboratory abnormality. In all subjects, sensory symptoms and QST abnormalities occurred concurrently. Subjects receiving higher doses became symptomatic earlier than low-dose subjects. Elevation of thermal QSTs preceded or exceeded that for vibration in the three low-dose subjects; vibration and thermal QST became abnormal simultaneously in the higher-dose subjects. A reduction in the amplitude of the sural sensory potential lagged behind QST changes in two of three subjects. Symptoms continued to progress ("coasting") for 2 to 3 weeks despite stopping pyridoxine administration and the return of serum pyridoxal phosphate levels to normal. This study suggests that (1) there is a clear dose-percent relationship for pyridoxine-induced neuropathy, (2) QST is a sensitive measurement for detecting early peripheral neuropathy; QST abnormalities may precede changes in nerve conduction studies, (3) coasting appears unrelated to persistently elevated blood levels of the toxin, and (4) a dose-dependent vulnerability may exist among nerve fibers of different caliber when exposed to an axonal toxin, such as pyridoxine. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,DEPT NEUROL,BRONX,NY 10461. YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,DEPT NEUROSCI,BRONX,NY 10461. NR 20 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JUL PY 1992 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1367 EP 1370 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA JC955 UT WOS:A1992JC95500022 PM 1620347 ER PT J AU RUNNELS, PL VIJTIUK, N VALPOTIC, I AF RUNNELS, PL VIJTIUK, N VALPOTIC, I TI ASSOCIATION OF PORCINE INTESTINAL F4 RECEPTOR WITH ESCHERICHIA-COLI INDUCED DIARRHEAL DISEASE AND BODY-WEIGHT GAIN IN WEANED PIGS SO PERIODICUM BIOLOGORUM LA English DT Article ID POSTWEANING DIARRHEA; INFECTION; ADHESION; SWINE; 987P; K88 AB The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine whether intestinal F4 receptor is necessary for the induction of diarrheal disease by porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strain that produces F4 antigen, (2) establish the association of resistance to F4-mediated adhesion with the rate of weight gain, and (3) evaluate whether Colimix(R) (Central Biologics, Raleigh, NC, USA) vaccine in the diet affects the incidence of the disease and/or promotes growth in weaned pigs. As a model for the induction of diarrhea in 3-week-old pigs, the F4+ ETEC parental strain M1823 (Experiment 1) or oxytetracycline/nalidixic acid resistant mutant M1823B (Experiment 2) in F4-susceptible pigs were used. The model includes feeding a diet containing g 240 mL of Colimix per one ton of creep or starter feed (Experiment 2). Diarrhea developed in F4-susceptible pigs inoculated with M1823 (8 of 9 pigs) or M1823B (4 of 7 pigs) and 10 or 4 diarrheic principals died by day 21 after inoculation, respectively. All but one F4-susceptible controls (Experiment 1) remained clinically normal. The F4-resistant principals and controls (Experiment 1) gained weight faster (P < 0,01 and < 0.05, respectively) than did their F4-susceptible counterparts. The Colimix(R)-treated F4-susceptible or -resistant controls (Experiment 2) gained weight at similar rates during 3-week postvaccination period. During this period, the F4-resistant principals gained weight better (P < 0.01) than their F4-susceptible counterparts. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titers for anti-F4 antibody in the sera and intestinal secretions from pigs inoculated with M1823 or M1823B were much higher (P < 0.001 and < 0.01, respectively) than those from the respective controls. C1 UNIV ZAGREB,FAC VET,DEPT BIOL,YU-41000 ZAGREB,YUGOSLAVIA. RP RUNNELS, PL (reprint author), NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50001, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERIODICUM BIOLOGORUM PI ZAGREB PA HRVATSKO PRIRODOSLOVNO DRUSTVO ILICA 16/111, 41000 ZAGREB, CROATIA SN 0031-5362 J9 PERIOD BIOL PD JUL PY 1992 VL 94 IS 2 BP 141 EP 148 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA JG422 UT WOS:A1992JG42200010 ER PT J AU NANDIHALLI, UB DUKE, MV DUKE, SO AF NANDIHALLI, UB DUKE, MV DUKE, SO TI QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS OF PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE-INHIBITING DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 3 PEROXIDIZING HERBICIDES; ACIFLUORFEN-METHYL; PORPHYRIN SYNTHESIS; CUCUMBER COTYLEDONS; ACCUMULATION; IX; TETRAPYRROLES; OXADIAZON; OXIDATION; BINDING C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 41 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 43 IS 3 BP 193 EP 211 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(92)90033-V PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA JE384 UT WOS:A1992JE38400003 ER PT J AU HART, JJ DITOMASO, JM LINSCOTT, DL KOCHIAN, LV AF HART, JJ DITOMASO, JM LINSCOTT, DL KOCHIAN, LV TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TRANSPORT AND CELLULAR COMPARTMENTATION OF PARAQUAT IN ROOTS OF INTACT MAIZE SEEDLINGS SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATRAZINE ABSORPTION; HORDEUM-GLAUCUM; RAT LUNG; ACCUMULATION; PROTOPLASTS; MECHANISM; TISSUE; CELLS; RESISTANCE; PUTRESCINE C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP HART, JJ (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,624 BRADFIELD HALL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 34 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 43 IS 3 BP 212 EP 222 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(92)90034-W PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA JE384 UT WOS:A1992JE38400004 ER PT J AU CROUCH, JD AF CROUCH, JD TI LOCALIZED RECEPTIVITY OF BOUNDARY-LAYERS SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS A-FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID TOLLMIEN-SCHLICHTING WAVES; FREE-STREAM DISTURBANCES; SURFACE GEOMETRY; STABILITY AB The boundary-layer receptivity resulting from acoustic forcing over a flat plate with a localized surface irregularity is analyzed using perturbation methods. The length-scale reduction, essential to acoustic receptivity, is captured within the framework of the classical stability theory. At first order, two disturbances are calculated: an unsteady disturbance resulting from the acoustic forcing and a steady disturbance resulting from the surface irregularity. These disturbance fields interact at second order to produce a traveling-wave field bearing the frequency of the acoustic wave and wave numbers associated with Fourier components of the surface irregularity. Components of the traveling-wave field scale linearly with both the acoustic forcing and the height of the surface irregularity. Receptivity occurs when the frequency and wave number of a traveling-wave component perfectly match the local eigenmode. Results are in general agreement with asymptotic analyses for irregularities in the neighborhood of branch I. Downstream of branch I, the current results show significant deviations from the asymptotic theory. Comparisons to experiments show good agreement for receptivity amplitudes when the height of the surface irregularity is small. C1 USDA ARS,BATON ROUGE,LA 70893. NR 23 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0899-8213 J9 PHYS FLUIDS A-FLUID PD JUL PY 1992 VL 4 IS 7 BP 1408 EP 1414 DI 10.1063/1.858416 PG 7 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA HZ842 UT WOS:A1992HZ84200009 ER PT J AU MINOCHA, R MINOCHA, SC LONG, SL SHORTLE, WC AF MINOCHA, R MINOCHA, SC LONG, SL SHORTLE, WC TI EFFECTS OF ALUMINUM ON DNA-SYNTHESIS, CELLULAR POLYAMINES, POLYAMINE BIOSYNTHETIC-ENZYMES AND INORGANIC-IONS IN CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES OF A WOODY PLANT, CATHARANTHUS-ROSEUS SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ALUMINUM; ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE; CALCIUM; CATHARANTHUS-ROSEUS; IONS; MAGNESIUM; POLYAMINES; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE DECARBOXYLASE ID ABIES L KARST; SPRUCE SEEDLINGS; AMINO-ACID; RED SPRUCE; TOXICITY; LEAVES; GROWTH; OZONE; CYCLE AB Increased aluminum (Al) solubility in soil waters due to acid precipitation has aroused considerable interest in the problem of Al toxicity in plants. In the present study, an in vitro suspension culture system of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don was used to analyze the effects of aluminum on several biochemical processes in these cells. The aliphatic polyamines. spermine and spermidine, and their precursor, putrescine, have been implicated in a number of stress responses of plants. Addition of 0.2, 0.5 or 1.0 mM AlCl3 to cells cultured for 3 days caused a small but significant increase in cellular levels of putrescine at 4 h followed by a sharp decline by 16 h. There was no further decline in levels of putrescine during the next 32 h. Spermidine levels did not change appreciably compared to those in the control cultures. However, spermine levels increased by 2 3-fold at 24 and 48 h. Cellular activities of arginine decarboxylase (ADC; EC 4.1.1.19) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC; EC 4.1.1.50) were both inhibited by 20-25% at 4 and 7 h. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17) was less than 10% of ADC activity at all times. Whereas all concentrations of A[ caused a slight decrease in total cell number, cell viability was affected only by 1.0 mM Al. There was a decrease in the cellular levels of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Mn, P and Fe in the cells treated with Al at 4 h, but a significant increase by 16 and 24 h. The results presented here suggest that both the absolute amounts of Al and the length of exposure to it are important for cell toxicity. C1 UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT PLANT BIOL,DURHAM,NH 03824. RP MINOCHA, R (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NEFES,POB 640,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 38 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 85 IS 3 BP 417 EP 424 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1992.850302.x PN 1 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JH735 UT WOS:A1992JH73500002 ER PT J AU SICHER, RC KREMER, DF AF SICHER, RC KREMER, DF TI CONTROL OF CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM IN A STARCHLESS MUTANT OF ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CARBOHYDRATE; GLUCOSE 1,6-BISPHOSPHATE; PARTITIONING; PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SUCROSE; STARCHLESS ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC SUCROSE SYNTHESIS; FRUCTOSE 2,6-BISPHOSPHATE; PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE ACTIVITY; PLASTID PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE; TRIOSE-PHOSPHATES; REDUCED-ACTIVITY; L HEYNH; LEAVES; INCREASE; PYROPHOSPHORYLASE AB The biochemical regulation of photosynthate partitioning was investigated in a starchless mutant (TC7) of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Henyh. that was deficient in chloroplast phosphogtucomutase (Caspar et al. 1985, Plant Physiol. 79: 11-17). Plants were raised at 20-degrees-C with a 20 h light and 4 h dark period, so that thc growth rates of the mutant and wild type were similar. Two or 3 isoforms of phosphoglucomutase were separated by ion-exchange chromatographv using mutant and wild type leaf preparations, respectively. Initial rate kinetics of all isoforms were similar. Light-saturated photosynthetic oxygen evolution rates of the mutant and wild type were 224 and 302 nmol g-1 chlorophyll h-1, respectively. Starch, sucrose and hexose concentrations were unchanged in wild type leaves after a dark to light transition, whereas sucrose and hexose increased in mutant leaves. Hexose-phosphates accumulated in both genotypes in the light, although the steady-state leaf concentrations of glucose 6-phosphate were 3-fold higher in mutant than in wild type samples. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and glucose 1,6-bisphosphate were lower in thc mutant than in the wild type at the end of the dark period when mutant leaves were depleted of carbohydrates. Levels of UTP were lower in the mutant than in the wild type, possibly indicating that growth conditions had induced phosphate limited photosynthesis. These results are discussed in relation to the regulation of photosynthetic carbon metabolism. RP SICHER, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 85 IS 3 BP 446 EP 452 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1992.850306.x PN 1 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JH735 UT WOS:A1992JH73500006 ER PT J AU ZERINGUE, HJ AF ZERINGUE, HJ TI EFFECTS OF C-6-C-10 ALKENALS AND ALKANALS ON ELICITING A DEFENSE RESPONSE IN THE DEVELOPING COTTON BOLL SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ALKENALS; ALKANALS; COTTON; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; PHYTOALEXIN; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; AFLATOXIN; ELICITOR ID LEAF-DERIVED VOLATILES; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; PLANTS; ACIDS AB In separate experiments, microbial-free compressed air carried individual C6, C-7, C-8, C-9, C-10-alkenals and alkanals into enclosed systems containing artificially wounded and non-wounded Acala SJ-2 developing cotton bolls. Two days after treatment, discs were excised from the treated cotton bolls surfaces and were extracted to determine the induction of the sesquiterpenoid naphthol phytoalexins, 2,7-dihydroxycadelene and 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy cadalene, their oxidation products lacinilene C and lacinilene C 7-methyl ether, and the coumarin phytoalexin scopoletin. Highest concentrations of the described phytoalexins were elicited by C6-C-10 alkenals in artificially wounded cotton bolls. C6-C-10 alkenals may function as volatile elicitors of a defence response in the cotton plant. RP ZERINGUE, HJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 12 TC 56 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUL PY 1992 VL 31 IS 7 BP 2305 EP 2308 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(92)83269-5 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA JC920 UT WOS:A1992JC92000013 ER PT J AU TU, SI BROUILLETTE, JN NAGAHASHI, G KUMOSINSKI, TF PATTERSON, D HSU, I AF TU, SI BROUILLETTE, JN NAGAHASHI, G KUMOSINSKI, TF PATTERSON, D HSU, I TI EQUILIBRIUM-ANALYSIS OF CALCIUM-BINDING TO CELL-WALLS ISOLATED FROM PLANT-TISSUE SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM BINDING; CARROTS; CELL WALL; ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE; POTATOES ID LEMNA-MINOR-L; PH AB Primary cell walls were isolated and purified from potato tubers and carrots via a Parr N2 bomb technique. Calcium binding to purified cell walls was measured with both calcium selective electrode and use of the metallochromic indicator, Arsenazo III. The cell walls used in this study were biologically active and presumably approached the physiological cell wall. Aliquots of the untreated cell walls (control) were then salt-extracted or EDTA-treated and binding properties were compared to the controls. In addition, the binding properties of freshly prepared cell walls were compared to cell walls which were stored for 1 week at 2-degrees-C. Both simple Scatchard plot analysis and an electrostatic interaction model were used to evaluate calcium binding parameters. The controls from the two tissue types had inherently different calcium binding properties and these properties were affected by treating the cell walls with salt or EDTA. Cold storage treatment drastically changed the binding properties of carrot cell walls but had negligible effect on potato tuber cell walls. RP TU, SI (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PLANT & SOIL BIOPHYS RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU JAPANESE SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI KYOTO PA SHIMOTACHIURI OGAWA HIGASHI KAMIKYOKU, KYOTO 602, JAPAN SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 33 IS 5 BP 519 EP 525 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA JH083 UT WOS:A1992JH08300002 ER PT J AU HUBER, SC HUBER, JL CAMPBELL, WH REDINBAUGH, MG AF HUBER, SC HUBER, JL CAMPBELL, WH REDINBAUGH, MG TI APPARENT DEPENDENCE OF THE LIGHT ACTIVATION OF NITRATE REDUCTASE AND SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE ACTIVITIES IN SPINACH LEAVES ON PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CORDYCEPIN; CYCLOHEXIMIDE; OKADAIC ACID; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS ID PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; RAPID MODULATION; SERINE KINASE; OKADAIC ACID; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSION; PHOSPHORYLATION; CHLORELLA; TURNOVER; PLANTS AB The activity of spinach leaf nitrate reductase (NR) responds rapidly and reversibly to light/dark transitions by a mechanism which is correlated with changes in protein phosphorylation (J.L. Huber, S.C. Huber, W.H. Campbell and M.G. Redinbaugh (1992) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. in press). Phosphorylation of the NR protein appears to increase sensitivity of the enzyme to Mg2+ inhibition, without affecting activity in the absence of Mg2+. In the present study, we have compared the light/dark modulation of sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS; also known to be regulated by protein phosphorylation) and NR (assayed +/- Mg2+) in spinach leaves exposed to extended darkness and treated with inhibitors of gene expression. When intact plants were subjected to extended darkness, the capacity for light-dependent increase in NR protein and activation, inferred (indirectly) from the enzyme activities with and without Mg2+, declined even though the capacity for photosynthesis and activation of SPS remained constant. The component of the in situ light activation of both enzymes that appears to involve dephosphorylation could be prevented and reversed by inhibitors of transcription (cordycepin) and cytoplasmic protein synthesis (cycloheximide), in the absence of a large effect on photosynthetic activity. As expected, okadaic acid, a potent and specific inhibitor of type 1 and 2A protein phosphatases, also prevented and reversed the activation of both enzymes in vivo. The results are taken to suggest that the protein phosphatase(s) that dephosphorylates and activates both enzymes is itself activated by light in a process that involves protein synthesis. Overall, NR and SPS share many common features of control, but are not identical in terms of regulation. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,PHYTOTECHNOL RES CTR,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. RP HUBER, SC (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU JAPANESE SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI KYOTO PA SHIMOTACHIURI OGAWA HIGASHI KAMIKYOKU, KYOTO 602, JAPAN SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 33 IS 5 BP 639 EP 646 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA JH083 UT WOS:A1992JH08300016 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, AC BOLTON, H STROO, HF ELLIOTT, LF FREDRICKSON, JK AF KENNEDY, AC BOLTON, H STROO, HF ELLIOTT, LF FREDRICKSON, JK TI COMPETITIVE ABILITIES OF TN5 TOX- MUTANTS OF A RHIZOBACTERIUM INHIBITORY TO WHEAT GROWTH SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE ANTIBIOSIS; COMPETITIVE ABILITY; DELETERIOUS RHIZOBACTERIA; PSEUDOMONAS SP; RHIZOSPHERE; TOXIN; TRANSPOSON ID PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; TRANSPOSON MUTAGENESIS; PACIFIC NORTHWEST; CROP RESIDUES; BACTERIA; RHIZOSPHERE; PATHOGENS; BIOCONTROL; SURVIVAL AB Antibiosis has been thought to impart a competitive advantage to soil microorganisms. A rhizobacterium of the genus Pseudomonas produces a toxin that inhibits the growth of other microorganisms and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The bacterium was mutagenized with the Tn5 transposon to obtain toxin-negative (Tox-) mutants or was selected for its spontaneous resistance to rifampicin. Tox- mutants were used to determine the role of the toxin in wheat root inhibition, root colonization, and rhizosphere competitiveness. Four Tox- (loss of inhibition of both E. coli and wheat root growth) and four partial Tox+ (partial loss of inhibition of E. coli and wheat root growth) Tn5 mutants were isolated. Seven of the mutants had different Tn5 chromosomal insertions, which suggests that toxin production is the result of several gene loci. Competitive root-colonization abilities of the Tox- isolates were studied in winter wheat rhizospheres using varied population levels in autoclaved and nonautoclaved soil. Toxin production did not affect the competitive abilities of these organisms with native soil microflora. Results here indicate that toxin production by these organisms is not the primary mechanism of their competitive advantage in root colonization. Thus, opportunities exist for biological control of plant-suppressive bacteria using these Tox- strains. C1 REMEDIAT TECHNOL INC, KENT, WA 98032 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. USDA, ARS, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. RP KENNEDY, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011 NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUL PY 1992 VL 144 IS 1 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.1007/BF00018855 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JH432 UT WOS:A1992JH43200017 ER PT J AU MIERNYK, JA DUCK, NB SHATTERS, RG FOLK, WR AF MIERNYK, JA DUCK, NB SHATTERS, RG FOLK, WR TI THE 70-KILODALTON HEAT-SHOCK COGNATE CAN ACT AS A MOLECULAR CHAPERONE DURING THE MEMBRANE TRANSLOCATION OF A PLANT SECRETORY PROTEIN-PRECURSOR SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID MAIZE ENDOSPERM CELLS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BINDING-PROTEIN; STRESS PROTEINS; DNAK; COMPLEXES; HSP70; DEHYDROGENASE; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB When a model secretory precursor was synthesized in vitro and analyzed by rate-zonal sedimentation, it appeared to be associated with other proteins present in a wheat germ extract. At least one of the associated proteins is a member of the 70-kD family of stress proteins. It was possible to immunoprecipitate the secretory precursor with anti-heat shock cognate 70 (Hsc70) antibodies in the absence but not in the presence of ATP, suggesting that the association was specific. ATP-sensitive association is one diagnostic characteristic of molecular chaperone-type proteins. Increasing incubation temperature decreased the amount of precursor associated with Hsc70. A method was developed for the removal of Hsc70 from a wheat germ in vitro translation mixture by immunoprecipitation. Cotranslational translocation and processing of the secretory precursor by maize endosperm microsomes were inefficient in the Hsc70-depleted system but were greatly stimulated by addition of purified preparations of various heat shock 70 proteins (Hsp70s). Cytosolic Hsc70 from maize endosperm was capable of autophosphorylation in vitro. Phosphorylated Hsc70 was much less efficient in promoting membrane translocation of the secretory precursor. These results suggest that chaperone function in vivo could be regulated by phosphorylation. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT BIOCHEM,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. RP MIERNYK, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,SEED BIOSYNTHESIS RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 40 TC 42 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD JUL PY 1992 VL 4 IS 7 BP 821 EP 829 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA JG582 UT WOS:A1992JG58200009 ER PT J AU SANKHLA, A DAVIS, TD SANKHLA, D SANKHLA, N UPADHYAYA, A JOSHI, S AF SANKHLA, A DAVIS, TD SANKHLA, D SANKHLA, N UPADHYAYA, A JOSHI, S TI INFLUENCE OF GROWTH-REGULATORS ON SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS, PLANTLET REGENERATION, AND POSTTRANSPLANT SURVIVAL OF ECHINOCHLOA-FRUMENTACEA SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ABSCISIC-ACID; PACLOBUTRAZOL; INVITRO; EMBRYOS AB After placement on Murashige and Skoog's basal medium supplemented with 3-5 mg/l 2,4-D, immature inflorescence explants of Echinochloa frumentacea gave rise to three distinct types of callus: a) loosely arranged and soft; b) compact and translucent; c) compact, sticky and mucilaginous. Somatic embryo formation occurred in type 'b' callus in about 18-24 d. Callus types 'a' and 'c' did not produce somatic embryos. The highest percentage of cultures exhibiting somatic embryogenesis occurred on the medium containing 5 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l kinetin. Somatic embryos also formed directly on the inflorescence (without intervening callus formation) in about 15% of the explants placed on this medium. The addition bf paclobutrazol or uniconazole (0.25 or 1 mg/l) to the medium had no influence on the percentage of cultures exhibiting direct somatic embryogenesis, but paclobutrazol slightly increased the mean number of somatic embryos per culture. Many of the callus-derived somatic embryos germinated when subcultured on basal MS medium supplemented with kinetin. Addition of paclobutrazol or uniconazole to the culture medium at 0.25 or 1 mg/1 decreased somatic embryo germination and shoot elongation but increased root length and leaf width. Both paclobutrazol and uniconazole in-creased survival of the plantlets following transplanting to soil. Increased post-transplant survival was accompanied by reduced water loss from plantlets produced on culture media containing triazoles. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,CTR RES & EXTENS,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,17360 COIT RD,DALLAS,TX 75252. UNIV JODHPUR,DEPT BOT,JODHPUR 342001,RAJASTHAN,INDIA. USDA,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD JUL PY 1992 VL 11 IS 7 BP 368 EP 371 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JD358 UT WOS:A1992JD35800011 PM 24201441 ER PT J AU WILCOXSON, RD BUSCH, RH OZMON, EA AF WILCOXSON, RD BUSCH, RH OZMON, EA TI FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Fusarium head blight (FHB), also called scab, caused by Fusarium graminearum was generally more severe in spring wheat cultivar Wheaton than in cv. Marshall, except in years when weather was excessively dry or wet during flowering and kernel-fill stages of plant growth. Fifteen wheat cultivars from the upper midwestern United States were evaluated in 1988, 1989, and 1990 for FHB resistance. FHB index (the percentage of spikelets infected in 50 spikes) was least in cv. Stoa each year. The FHB index varied with the other cultivars, but Wheaton was among the most severely infected, and Marshall was among the intermediate cultivars. The FHB index value was greatest in 1989 when rain favored disease development, least in 1988 when drought was severe, and intermediate in 1990. FHB incidence and severity did not differentiate cultivars as well as index values did. The FHB reactions of Chinese cultivars Fan 1 and Su Mai 3 were similar to those of Minnesota cultivar Marshall. Reactions of other Chinese cultivars were similar to those of susceptible Wheaton. C1 USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP WILCOXSON, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 19 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 76 IS 7 BP 658 EP 661 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HZ370 UT WOS:A1992HZ37000002 ER PT J AU PRATT, RG AF PRATT, RG TI MORPHOLOGY AND HOST SPECIALIZATION OF SCLEROTINIA-TRIFOLIORUM FROM SMALL HOP CLOVER SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Symptoms of a Sclerotinia disease were observed annually for 8 yr in volunteer stands of small hop clover (Trifolium dubium) near Starkville, Mississippi. Apothecia developed from sclerotia in November and December, and patches of dead plants with sclerotia present in and on tissue appeared from February through March. The pathogen was identified as Sclerotinia trifoliorum by ascospore morphology. Sclerotia formed by S. trifoliorum on small hop clover in the field and apothecia produced from them were smaller than those recovered from berseem and crimson clovers. However, sclerotia and apothecia produced in culture by isolates from the three clover species did not differ significantly in size. Isolates from all three clover species were highly virulent on berseem clover. Isolates from small hop clover were more virulent (P < 0.05) on small hop than were isolates from berseem and crimson clovers, whereas isolates from berseem and crimson clovers were more virulent (P < 0.05) on crimson clover than were isolates from small hop. Disease severity in field plots of crimson clover infested with sclerotia from berseem and crimson clovers was greater than in plots infested with sclerotia from small hop clover. These results document S. trifoliorum as a pathogen of small hop clover for the first time in North America. Isolates of S. trifoliorum from small hop clover show significant and strong specialization in pathogenicity to this host. RP PRATT, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 76 IS 7 BP 661 EP 664 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HZ370 UT WOS:A1992HZ37000003 ER PT J AU MABAGALA, RB SAETTLER, AW AF MABAGALA, RB SAETTLER, AW TI RACES AND SURVIVAL OF PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE PV PHASEOLICOLA IN NORTHERN TANZANIA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID BACTERIA AB The pathogenic variation among 118 isolates of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola associated with halo blight of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions of northern Tanzania from November 1988 to February 1990 was examined with four differential bean cultivars. The three races recovered were race 2 (52.5%), race 1 (45.0%), and race 3 (2.5%). Some strains of race 2, designated as 2P, produced a brown, diffusible pigment on agar media. Some race 2P strains grew at 34 C, whereas the non-pigment-producing strains of race 2 and of races 1 and 3 failed to grow at this temperature. Race 2 strains obtained from bean debris from Monduli in the Arusha region induced systemic chlorosis and stunting on the usually resistant differential bean cultivar Edmund. The ability of P. s. phaseolicola to survive in bean debris and in dead standing bean plants varied according to race, geographic location, depth in the soil, and bean genotype. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA ARS,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 76 IS 7 BP 678 EP 682 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HZ370 UT WOS:A1992HZ37000006 ER PT J AU MABAGALA, RB SAETTLER, AW AF MABAGALA, RB SAETTLER, AW TI THE ROLE OF WEEDS IN SURVIVAL OF PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE PV PHASEOLICOLA IN NORTHERN TANZANIA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; ICE NUCLEATION; FROST INJURY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PLANTS AB Of 16 weed species belonging to 10 families, only Neonotonia wightii served as a perennial reservoir of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, the cause of halo blight. The weed survived dry periods along fences and hedgerows, by roadsides, on ditch banks, and in corners of farmers' fields. Only race 1 of P. s. phaseolicola was recovered from N. wightii. With artificial inoculation, however, all three races of the bacterium caused lesions in the weed. Because race 1 of P. s. phaseolicola was not seedborne in N. wightii, the weed cannot spread the pathogen into new areas by means of seed dispersal. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA ARS,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 76 IS 7 BP 683 EP 687 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HZ370 UT WOS:A1992HZ37000007 ER PT J AU MABAGALA, RB SAETTLER, AW AF MABAGALA, RB SAETTLER, AW TI PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE PV PHASEOLICOLA POPULATIONS AND HALO BLIGHT SEVERITY IN BEANS GROWN ALONE OR INTERCROPPED WITH MAIZE IN NORTHERN TANZANIA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ECOLOGY AB In tests in northern Tanzania, populations of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola on and in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) foliage were higher, severity of halo blight on foliage and pods was greater, and incidence of seed infection was higher when beans were intercropped with maize (Zea mays) than when beans were grown alone. Maize leaves did not support high populations of the pathogen and thus did not seem to provide additional inoculum for the bean crop when the two were grown in association. However, bean leaves in the intercrop system took longer to dry after rainfall and were wetter than those in the monoculture. Simultaneous measurements of parameters related to the pathogen, disease, and weather are therefore needed to understand the effect of a bean/maize intercrop on incidence and severity of disease. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA ARS,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 76 IS 7 BP 687 EP 692 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HZ370 UT WOS:A1992HZ37000008 ER PT J AU NISHIJIMA, KA MIURA, CK ARMSTRONG, JW BROWN, SA HU, BKS AF NISHIJIMA, KA MIURA, CK ARMSTRONG, JW BROWN, SA HU, BKS TI EFFECT OF FORCED, HOT-AIR TREATMENT OF PAPAYA FRUIT ON FRUIT-QUALITY AND INCIDENCE OF POSTHARVEST DISEASES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE BOTRYODIPLODIA-THEOBROMAE; COLLETOTRICHUM-GLOEOSPORIOIDES; MYCOSPHAERELLA SP; PHOMOPSIS SP ID QUARANTINE TREATMENT; CHILLING INJURY; IMMERSION; DECAY AB Forced, hot-air (48.5 C for 3-4 hr) treatment of papaya fruit (Carica papaya), a recently developed quarantine treatment for fruit flies, did not significantly reduce incidences of postharvest diseases when compared with fungicide or hot-water treatments. However, when hot-air treatment was combined with thiabendazole (TBZ) (4 g a.i./L) application or hot-water immersion (49 C for 20 min), the incidence of most postharvest diseases was reduced. Although disease incidences were not significantly affected by the sequence of hot-air or hot-water application, degreening (lack of surface ripening), along with pitting and scalding symptoms significantly (P < 0.01) increased when hot-water preceded hot-air treatment, but these symptoms did not occur when hot-air preceded hot-water treatment. The hot-air treatment was associated with an increase in the incidence of internal lumpiness (hardened lumps of flesh in ripe fruit) when compared with untreated fruit. C1 UNIV HAWAII,COLL ARTS & SCI,DEPT MATH,HILO,HI 96720. USDA,APHIS,HILO,HI 96720. RP NISHIJIMA, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 76 IS 7 BP 723 EP 727 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HZ370 UT WOS:A1992HZ37000017 ER PT J AU LAWSON, RH DIENELT, MM AF LAWSON, RH DIENELT, MM TI HEAT-INDUCED FLOWER ABNORMALITIES IN VERO AND THE MARBLE CULTIVARS OF DENDRANTHEMA-GRANDIFLORA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; CHRYSANTHEMUM AB The Marble cultivars of the florists' chrysanthemum, Dendranthema grandiflora, often develop green bracts and displaced ligulate florets in the center of the inflorescence where normally only tubular florets are produced. These abnormal inflorescences were induced in plants of cultivars Pink Marble, Florida Marble, and the control Vero by exposing them to high (32 C) day temperatures, 6 and 12 days after they had been induced to flower by exposure to a 10-hr photoperiod at a cool (21 C) temperature. Plants remaining at 21 C, or exposed to 27 C day temperatures for 6 or 12 days after the cool-temperature induction, produced normal inflorescences. The normal floral receptacle contains outer ray (ligulate), pistillate florets and central disk (tubular), perfect florets. Abnormal structures produced on the floral receptacle of heat-treated plants included green bracts; displaced ligulate florets, and florets with characteristics of both tubular and ligulate florets. These included tubular florets with elongating corolla lobes and ligulate florets with sterile anthers. Scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that green bracts in disks of abnormal inflorescences were indistinguishable from green bracts (phyllaries) composing inflorescence involucres. Pathogenic agents were not observed in the phloem or other cell types. Marble cultivars appear susceptible to "heat delay," a condition in which inflorescences revert to, or maintain, a more juvenile state when high temperatures occur during inflorescence development. RP LAWSON, RH (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 76 IS 7 BP 728 EP 734 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HZ370 UT WOS:A1992HZ37000018 ER PT J AU SPEISER, DM ABRAHAMSON, SL BANUELOS, G OW, DW AF SPEISER, DM ABRAHAMSON, SL BANUELOS, G OW, DW TI BRASSICA-JUNCEA PRODUCES A PHYTOCHELATIN-CADMIUM-SULFIDE COMPLEX SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METAL-BINDING PEPTIDES; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; FISSION YEAST; CANDIDA-GLABRATA; HEAVY-METALS; TOMATO CELLS; PLANTS; METALLOTHIONEINS; GLUTATHIONE; CADYSTIN AB Phytochelatins (PCs) are enzymically synthesized peptides produced in higher plants and some fungi upon exposure to heavy metals. We have examined PC production in the Se-tolerant wild mustard Brassica juncea and found that it produces two types of PC-Cd complexes with the same characteristics as those from fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, including a high molecular weight PC-Cd-sulfide form. C1 USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. NR 32 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 99 IS 3 BP 817 EP 821 DI 10.1104/pp.99.3.817 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JG584 UT WOS:A1992JG58400006 PM 16669006 ER PT J AU SWEGLE, M KRAMER, KJ MUTHUKRISHNAN, S AF SWEGLE, M KRAMER, KJ MUTHUKRISHNAN, S TI PROPERTIES OF BARLEY SEED CHITINASES AND RELEASE OF EMBRYO-ASSOCIATED ISOFORMS DURING EARLY STAGES OF IMBIBITION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; ANTIFUNGAL HYDROLASES; FUNGAL GROWTH; PEA TISSUE; TOBACCO; INDUCTION; BETA-1,3-GLUCANASE; ENDOCHITINASE; PURIFICATION AB Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds contain at least five proteins with chitinase (CH) activity. Two of these (CH1 and CH2) are found primarily in the aleurone and endosperm tissues, and the other three (CH3, CH4, and CH5) are enriched in the embryo. From the bran fraction, three of these CHs (CH1, CH2, and CH3) were purified to apparent homogeneity. These three CHs have apparent molecular masses of 27, 34, and 35 kilodaltons and isoelectric points of 9.3, 9.2, and 8.7, respectively. CH2 and CH3 have amino terminal sequences resembling a portion of the chitin-binding domain of lectins and other plant defense proteins. CH1 lacks this domain. All three CHs exhibit antifungal activity and inhibit the mycelial growth of some species of Trichoderma and Fusarium in vitro. During the early period of imbibition by seeds, two of the embryo-associated CHs are selectively released into the surrounding aqueous medium. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,WILLARD HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 33 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 99 IS 3 BP 1009 EP 1014 DI 10.1104/pp.99.3.1009 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JG584 UT WOS:A1992JG58400033 PM 16668964 ER PT J AU MYERS, PN SETTER, TL MADISON, JT THOMPSON, JF AF MYERS, PN SETTER, TL MADISON, JT THOMPSON, JF TI ENDOSPERM CELL-DIVISION IN MAIZE KERNELS CULTURED AT 3 LEVELS OF WATER POTENTIAL SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABSCISIC-ACID; THERMAL ENVIRONMENT; HIGH OSMOTICUM; EMBRYOS; INVITRO; SUCROSE; GERMINATION; SENSITIVITY; PROTEINS; DEFICITS AB The influence of osmoticum treatments on early kernel development of maize (Zea mays L.) was studied using an in vitro culture method. Kernels with subtending cob sections were placed in culture at 5 days after pollination. Sucrose (0.29, 0.44, or 0.58 molar) and sorbitol (0, 0.15, or 0.29 molar) were used to obtain six media with water potentials of -1.1, -1.6, or -2.0 megapascals. Kernel water potential declined in correspondence with the water potential of the medium; however, fresh weight growth was not significantly inhibited from 5 to 12 days after pollination. In stress treatments with media water potentials of -1.6 or -2.0 megapascals, endosperm tissue accumulated water and solutes from 10 and 12 days after pollination at a rate similar to or greater than that of the control (-1.1 megapascals). In contrast, endosperm cell division was inhibited in all treatments relative to control. At 10 days after pollination, endosperm sucrose concentration was greater in two of the -2.0 megapascal treatments with 0.44 or 0.58 molar media sucrose compared to control kernels cultured in 0.29 molar sucrose at -1.1 megapascals. Significant increases in abscisic acid content per gram of fresh weight were detected in two -2.0 megapascal treatments (0.29 molar sucrose plus 0.29 molar sorbitol and 0.58 molar sucrose) at 10 days after pollination. We conclude that in cultured maize kernels, endosperm cell division was more responsive than fresh weight accumulation to low water potential treatments. Data were consistent with mechanisms involving abscisic acid or lowered tissue water potential, or an interaction of the two factors. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 99 IS 3 BP 1051 EP 1056 DI 10.1104/pp.99.3.1051 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JG584 UT WOS:A1992JG58400039 PM 16668970 ER PT J AU TYREE, MT WESCOTT, CR TABOR, CA MORSE, AD AF TYREE, MT WESCOTT, CR TABOR, CA MORSE, AD TI DIFFUSION AND ELECTRIC MOBILITY OF KCL WITHIN ISOLATED CUTICLES OF CITRUS-AURANTIUM SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POTENTIALS; MEMBRANES AB Fick's second law has been used to predict the time course of electrical conductance change in isolated cuticles following the rapid change in bathing solution (KCl) from concentration C to 0.1 C. The theoretical time course is dependent on the coefficient of diffusion of KCl in the cuticle and the cuticle thickness. Experimental results, obtained from cuticles isolated from sour orange (Citrus aurantium), fit with a diffusion model of an isolated cuticle in which about 90% of the conductance change following a solution change is due to salts diffusing from polar pores in the wax, and 10% of the change is due to salt diffusion from the wax. Short and long time constants for the washout of KCl were found to be 0.11 and 3.8 hours, respectively. These time constants correspond to KCl diffusion coefficients of 1 x 10(-15) and 3 x 10(-17) square meters per second, respectively. The larger coefficient is close to the diffusion coefficient for water in polar pores of Citrus reported elsewhere (M Becker, G Kerstiens, J Schonherr [1986] Trees 1: 54-60). This supports our interpretation of the washout kinetics of KCl following a change in concentration of bathing solution. C1 UNIV VERMONT,DEPT BOT,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. UNIV VERMONT,DEPT AGR BIOCHEM,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. RP TYREE, MT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,POB 968,BURLINGTON,VT 05402, USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 99 IS 3 BP 1057 EP 1061 DI 10.1104/pp.99.3.1057 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JG584 UT WOS:A1992JG58400040 PM 16668971 ER PT J AU DEVEAU, EJI ROBINSON, JM WARMBRODT, RD KREMER, DF AF DEVEAU, EJI ROBINSON, JM WARMBRODT, RD KREMER, DF TI PHOTOSYNTHATE METABOLISM IN THE SOURCE LEAVES OF N2-FIXING SOYBEAN PLANTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALGA SELENASTRUM-MINUTUM; FRUCTOSE 2,6-BISPHOSPHATE; AMMONIUM ASSIMILATION; ISOLATED-CHLOROPLASTS; STARCH METABOLISM; SPINACH LEAVES; PHOSPHATE; SUCROSE; GROWTH; PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE AB Soybean plants (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv Williams), which were symbiotic with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and which grew well upon reduced nitrogen supplied solely through N2 fixation processes, often exhibited excess accumulation of starch and sucrose and diminished soluble protein in their source leaves. Nitrate and ammonia, when supplied to the nodulated roots of N2-fixing plants, mediated a reduction of foliar starch accumulation and a corresponding increase in soluble protein in the source leaves. This provided an opportunity to examine the potential metabolic adjustments by which NO3- and NH4+ (N) sufficiency or deficiency exerted an influence upon soybean leaf starch synthesis. When compared with soybean plants supplied with N, elevated starch accumulation was focused in leaf palisade parenchyma tissue of N2-fixing plants. Foliar activities of starch synthesis pathway enzymes including fructose-1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase, phosphohexoisomerase, phosphoglucomutase (PGM), as well as adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (in some leaves) exhibited highest activities in leaf extracts of N2-fixing plants when expressed on a leaf protein basis. This was interpreted to mean that there was an adaptation of these enzyme activities in the leaves of N2-fixing plants, and this contributed to an increase in starch accumulation. Another major causal factor associated with increased starch accumulation was the elevation in foliar levels of fructose-6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, and glucose-1-phosphate (GIP), which had risen to chloroplast concentrations considerably in excess of the K(m) values for their respective target enzymes associated with starch synthesis, e.g. elevated G1P with respect to adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPiase) binding sites. The cofactor glucose-1,6-bisphosphate (G1,6BP) was found to be obligate for maximal PGM activity in soybean leaf extracts of N2-fixing as well as N-supplemented plants, and G1,6BP levels in N2-fixing plant leaves was twice that of levels in N-supplied treatments. However the concentration of chloroplastic G1,6BP in illuminated leaves was computed to be saturating with respect to PGM in both N2-fixing and N-supplemented plants. This suggested that the higher level of this cofactor in N2-fixing plant leaves did not confer any higher PGM activation and was not a factor in higher starch synthesis rates. Relative to plants supplied with NO3- and NH4+, the source leaf glycerate-3-phosphate (3-PGA) and orthophosphate (Pi) concentrations in leaves of N2-fixing plants were two to four times higher. Although Pi is a physiological competitive inhibitor of leaf chloroplast ADPG-PPiase, and hence, starch synthesis, elevated chloroplast 3-PGA levels in N2-fixing plant leaves apparently prevented interference of Pi with ADPG-PPiase catalysis and starch synthesis. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,INST NAT RESOURCES,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 99 IS 3 BP 1105 EP 1117 DI 10.1104/pp.99.3.1105 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JG584 UT WOS:A1992JG58400046 PM 16668977 ER PT J AU RYAN, PR SHAFF, JE KOCHIAN, LV AF RYAN, PR SHAFF, JE KOCHIAN, LV TI ALUMINUM TOXICITY IN ROOTS - CORRELATION AMONG IONIC CURRENTS, ION FLUXES, AND ROOT ELONGATION IN ALUMINUM-SENSITIVE AND ALUMINUM-TOLERANT WHEAT CULTIVARS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRAVERSE GROWING ROOTS; VIBRATING PROBE; CORN ROOTS; PLANTS; CELL; TIPS; H+; MICROELECTRODES; TRANSPORT; MECHANISM AB The inhibition of root growth by aluminum (Al) is well established, yet a unifying mechanism for Al toxicity remains unclear. The association between cell growth and endogenously generated ionic currents measured in many different systems, including plant roots, suggests that these currents may be directing growth. A vibrating voltage microelectrode system was used to measure the net ionic currents at the apex of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots from Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive cultivars. We examined the relationship between these currents and Al-induced inhibition of root growth. In the Al-sensitive cultivar, Scout 66, 10 micromolar Al (pH 4.5) began to inhibit the net current and root elongation within 1 to 3 hours. These changes occurred concurrently in 75% of experiments. A significant correlation was found between current magnitude and the rate of root growth when data were pooled. No changes in either current magnitude or growth rate were observed in similar experiments using the Al-tolerant cultivar Atlas 66. Measurements with ion-selective microelectrodes suggested that H+ influx was responsible for most of the current at the apex, with smaller contributions from Ca2+ and Cl- fluxes. In 50% of experiments, Al began to inhibit the net H+ influx in Scout 66 roots at the same time that growth was affected. However, in more than 25% of cases, Al-induced inhibition of growth rate occurred before any sustained decrease in the current or H+ flux. Although showing a correlation between growth and current or H+ fluxes, these data do not suggest a mechanistic association between these processes. We conclude that the inhibition of root growth by Al is not caused by the reduction in current or H+ influx at the root apex. RP RYAN, PR (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 33 TC 80 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 99 IS 3 BP 1193 EP 1200 DI 10.1104/pp.99.3.1193 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JG584 UT WOS:A1992JG58400058 PM 16668988 ER PT J AU SHEN, JB OGREN, WL AF SHEN, JB OGREN, WL TI ALTERATION OF SPINACH RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE ACTIVASE ACTIVITIES BY SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING DOMAIN; RUBISCO ACTIVASE; GLOBULAR PROTEINS; ATP; ARABIDOPSIS; CO2; EXPRESSION; SUBUNITS; KINASES AB Site-directed mutagenesis was performed on the 1.6 and 1.9 kilobase spinach (Spinacea oleracea) ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase cDNAs, encoding the 41 and 45 kilodalton (kD) isoforms of the enzyme, to create single amino acid changes in the putative ATP-binding site of Rubisco activase (Lys-107, Gln-109, and Ser-112) and in an unrelated cysteine residue (Cys-256). Replacement of Lys-107 with Met produced soluble protein with reduced Rubisco activase and ATPase activities in both isoforms. Substituting Ala or Arg for Lys-107 produced insoluble proteins. Rubisco activase activity increased in the 41-kD isoform when Gln-109 was changed to Glu, but activity in the 45-kD isoform was similar to the wild-type enzyme. ATPase activity in the Glu-109 mutations did not parallel the changes in Rubisco activase activity. Rather, a higher ratio of Rubisco activase to ATPase activity occurred in both isoforms. The mutation of Gln-109 to Lys inactivated Rubisco activase activity. Replacement of Ser-112 with Pro created an inactive protein, whereas attempts to replace Ser-112 with Thr were not successful. The mutation of Cys-256 to Ser in the 45-kD isoform reduced both Rubisco activase and ATPase activities. The results indicate that the two activities of Rubisco activase are not tightly coupled and that variations in photosynthetic efficiency may occur in vivo by replacing the wild-type enzyme with mutant enzymes. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 99 IS 3 BP 1201 EP 1207 DI 10.1104/pp.99.3.1201 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JG584 UT WOS:A1992JG58400059 PM 16668989 ER PT J AU SOLAIMAN, DKY SOMKUTI, GA STEINBERG, DH AF SOLAIMAN, DKY SOMKUTI, GA STEINBERG, DH TI CONSTRUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SHUTTLE PLASMIDS FOR LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA AND ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO PLASMID LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CLONING VEHICLES; GENE CLONING; TRANSFORMATION; RECOMBINATION; CHROMOSOME; ELECTROPORATION RP SOLAIMAN, DKY (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-619X J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD JUL PY 1992 VL 28 IS 1 BP 25 EP 36 DI 10.1016/0147-619X(92)90033-7 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA JB866 UT WOS:A1992JB86600003 PM 1518910 ER PT J AU SMITH, EE KUBENA, LF BRAITHWAITE, CE HARVEY, RB PHILLIPS, TD REINE, AH AF SMITH, EE KUBENA, LF BRAITHWAITE, CE HARVEY, RB PHILLIPS, TD REINE, AH TI TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AFLATOXIN AND CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID IN BROILER-CHICKENS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AFLATOXIN; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; MYCOTOXINS; CHICKEN; TOXICITY ID OCHRATOXIN-A; T-2 TOXIN; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; DEOXYNIVALENOL; COMBINATION; SYNERGISM; CITRININ; TOXICITY; PIGS AB The individual and combined effects of aflatoxin (AF) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) were evaluated in day-old Petersen X Hubbard broiler chickens to 3 wk of age. Treatments were arranged in a 2 X 2 factorial with levels of 0 and 3.5 mg AF/kg of feed, and 0 and 50 mg CPA/kg of feed. Production performance, serum biochemistry, and gross pathological observations were evaluated. Body weight gain was significantly (P < .05) reduced by AF, CPA, and the AF-CPA combination at the end of 3 wk. Aflatoxin significantly increased the relative weight of the kidney and serum concentration of blood urea nitrogen and decreased serum concentrations of protein, albumin, cholesterol, phosphorus, and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase. The toxicity of CPA was expressed through increased relative weights of the liver, kidney, and proventriculus, increased levels of uric acid and cholesterol, and decreased serum phosphorus. The activity of AF-CPA combination was characterized by increased relative weight of the liver, kidney, pancreas, and proventriculus, decreased concentrations of serum albumin and phosphorus, increased concentrations of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and blood urea nitrogen, and decreases in the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius. Post-mortem examination revealed that the chickens fed CPA and the AF-CPA combination had thickened mucosa and dilated proventricular lumens, hard fibrotic spleen, and atrophy of the gizzard. The data from the present study demonstrate that both AF and CPA alone and the AF-CPA combination can limit broiler performance and adversely affect broiler health. In most cases the effects of AF and CPA were additive. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,DEPT ANAT & VET PUBL HLTH,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP SMITH, EE (reprint author), PRAIRIE VIEW A&M UNIV,COOPERAT AGR RES CTR,PRAIRIE VIEW,TX 77446, USA. NR 56 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 71 IS 7 BP 1136 EP 1144 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JB234 UT WOS:A1992JB23400006 PM 1641377 ER PT J AU LYON, CE ROBACH, MC PAPA, CM WILSON, RL AF LYON, CE ROBACH, MC PAPA, CM WILSON, RL TI EFFECTS OF WING RESTRAINTS ON THE OBJECTIVE TEXTURE OF COMMERCIALLY PROCESSED BROILER BREAST MEAT SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BROILER BREAST MEAT; WING RESTRAINTS; MUSCLE TENSION; POSTCHILL DEBONING; TEXTURE ID ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; TENDERNESS; MUSCLE; TIMES AB A physical treatment was applied to broiler carcasses during commercial processing to evaluate its effectiveness in shortening the postmortem time necessary to achieve tenderness in cooked Pectoralis major (P. major) meat. Pectoralis major muscles were stretched by using cable ties to position the wings behind the back of the carcass. The restraints were removed from the carcasses at two postchill times: within 15 min (WR) and after 1 h (WR + 1). Treated carcasses were compared with a control group of carcasses. Pectoralis major muscles were removed from control carcasses and WR carcasses between 10 and 15 min postchill. Muscles were held at 2 C until the next day, when they were cooked. Two 1.9-cm-wide strips, noted as anterior and medial, were removed from each sample and objective texture determined. The experiment was replicated five times with a total of 82, 80, and 79 carcasses evaluated for the control, WR, and WR + 1 groups, respectively. There were significant differences in objective texture due to the physical treatment and location in the muscle. The lowest shear value (5.5 kg) was noted for the WR + 1 group at the anterior location. Significantly lower shear values were noted for the anterior strip compared with the medial strip. Physically restraining the P. major muscles during processing and holding for 1 h postchill resulted in a significant reduction in force to shear broiler breast meat. RP LYON, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 71 IS 7 BP 1228 EP 1231 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JB234 UT WOS:A1992JB23400018 ER PT J AU BOLDT, PE ROBBINS, TO AF BOLDT, PE ROBBINS, TO TI LIFE-HISTORY OF EPIMECHUS-CANOIDES FALL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) ON SEEPWILLOW, BACCHARIS-SALICIFOLIA (R-AND-P) PERS (ASTERACEAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE COLEOPTERA BIOLOGY; CURCULIONIDAE; EPIMECHUS; BACCHARIS-SALICIFOLIA; SEEPWILLOW; TEXAS AB The weevil Epimechus canoides fed on leaves or flowerheads of seepwillow, Baccharis salicifolia, in New Mexico, Texas and northern Mexico. There was one generation per year. In no-choice tests, adults fed on leaves of B. neglecta and B. halimifolia. Weevils oviposited in swollen or slightly opened flowerhead buds, from July to September. Adults and immatures were more numerous in female than in male flowerheads and in plants nearer the water than in dry soil. In 1985, infestations were 20 to 27% greater in female than male flowerheads; in 1986, they were 13 to 22% greater. One egg was deposited per flowerhead and larvae fed to pupation on the receptacle and developing achenes. Up to 66% of the female and 41% of the male flowerheads were infested. There were three larval instars. Pupation occurred in the flowerhead. RP BOLDT, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 94 IS 3 BP 309 EP 313 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JE482 UT WOS:A1992JE48200002 ER PT J AU HICKS, AL BLOCKER, HD WHITCOMB, RF AF HICKS, AL BLOCKER, HD WHITCOMB, RF TI NEW ATHYSANELLA (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) SPECIES FROM SOUTHWESTERN GRASSLANDS - FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR THE IMPORTANCE OF PHENOLOGY AND TAXONOMIC IDIOSYNCRASY IN GENERATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE LEAFHOPPER; GRASSLANDS; SOUTHWEST; BRACHYPTEROUS; PHENOLOGY AB Southwestern grasslands are a rich source of species of Athysanella Baker; to date 128 species have been recorded. We now describe four new species. Athysanella (Gladionura) maycoba n. sp. was collected from short grasses in Sonora, Mexico. Athysanella (Gladionura) itawana n. sp. was collected on alkali sacaton (Sporobolus airoides) in the Four Comers area of the Colorado Plateau. Athysanella (Gladionura) raisae n. sp. was collected from hairy grama (Bouteloua hirsuta) in Durango and Zacatecas, Mexico. Athysanella galeana n. sp. was collected from saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) in Chihuahua, Mexico. We also illustrate a common undeveloped form of Athysanella (Gladionura) blanda. Discovery of these new species and the recent discovery of a species endemic to New Mexico gypsum areas confirm previous predictions of Athysanella diversity. This diversity appears to be governed by a sedentary life history strategy, the isolation of host grass patches, and marked differences among regional climates that enforce phenological isolation. Future study will probably reveal even more diversity in the genus Athysanella. RP HICKS, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AGR RES SERV,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 94 IS 3 BP 336 EP 344 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JE482 UT WOS:A1992JE48200006 ER PT J AU NAKAHARA, S AF NAKAHARA, S TI A REVIEW OF THE GENUS CATINATHRIPS (THYSANOPTERA, THRIPIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Review DE THYSANOPTERA; THRIPIDAE; CATINATHRIPS; NEW SPECIES AB The genus Catinathrips is reviewed. Catinathrips beshearae, new species, in leaf galls of Calycanthus fertilis Walt. and C floridus L. and two other new species, C vaccinicolus and C similis, which curl the leaves of blueberry, Vaccinium spp., are described. Identification keys are provided for the females of the five known species and males of three species. RP NAKAHARA, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,SYST ENTOMOL LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 94 IS 3 BP 371 EP 378 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JE482 UT WOS:A1992JE48200010 ER PT J AU HUTCHENS, TW ALLEN, MH AF HUTCHENS, TW ALLEN, MH TI DIFFERENCES IN THE CONFORMATIONAL STATE OF A ZINC-FINGER DNA-BINDING PROTEIN DOMAIN OCCUPIED BY ZINC AND COPPER REVEALED BY ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; METAL-IONS; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE AB Transition metal ions are important in biological regulation partly because they can bind to and stabilize protein surface domain structures in specific conformations that are involved in key molecular recognition events. There are two C2-C2 type zinc-finger sequences within the highly conserved DNA-binding domain of the estrogen receptor protein (ERDBD). Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry has been used to demonstrate that the metal-binding sites within the 71-residue ERDBD can bind either Zn (up to 2) or Cu (up to 4). Evidence for the induction and/or stabilization of a different conformational state with bound Cu is revealed by a characteristic shift in the ESI charge envelope. The 10+ charge state is most abundant for the fully reduced ERDBD apopeptide and the ERDBD-Zn holopeptide (bound Zn does not alter the charge envelope). In contrast, the 8+ charge state is typically the optimum charge state observed for the ERDBD-Cu holopeptide; indeed, the entire charge envelope is frame-shifted to lower charge states with bound Cu. Interpretation of the altered charge states is simplified because (i) a single type of metal-binding ligand (sulfur) is involved in the case of both Zn and Cu binding, and (ii) the two different metal cations are both divalent. Thus, it is likely that the dissimilar charge envelopes represent different peptide conformers, each of which is stabilized by a different type of bound metal ion. The covalent bridging of adjacent Cys residues within a peptide is similar to the formation of intramolecular disulfide bonds, a process that we also found to decrease both the optimum and number of ERDBD charge states observed by ESI. The existence of distinct conformational states for the ERDBD-Zn and ERDBD-Cu is consistent with the differences in apparent coordinate covalent geometry and stoichiometry for the two bound metal ions. Our findings are also consistent with previous investigations of globular proteins that reveal an increase both in the number of charge states and a shift in the optimum charge state when structure is disrupted by reduction of intramolecular disulfide bonds. C1 VESTEC CORP,HOUSTON,TX 77054. RP HUTCHENS, TW (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,PROT STRUCT LAB,1100 BATES,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [IR43 GM 44466-01] NR 27 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 6 IS 7 BP 469 EP 473 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA JD635 UT WOS:A1992JD63500012 PM 1638046 ER PT J AU COHEN, WB SPIES, TA AF COHEN, WB SPIES, TA TI ESTIMATING STRUCTURAL ATTRIBUTES OF DOUGLAS-FIR WESTERN HEMLOCK FOREST STANDS FROM LANDSAT AND SPOT IMAGERY SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; TM TASSELED CAP; CANOPY CLOSURE; REFLECTANCE; TEXTURE; TRANSFORMATION; CLASSIFICATION; INFORMATION; VEGETATION AB To help determine the utility Of satellite data for analysis and inventory of Douglas-fir/western hemlock forests west of the Cascade Mountains crest in Oregon and Washington, USA, we evaluate relationships between spectral and texture variables derived from SPOT HRV 10 m panchromatic and LANDSAT TM 30 m multispectral data and 16 forest stand structural attributes. Texture of the HRV data was strongly related to many of the stand attributes evaluated, whereas TM texture was weakly related to all attributes. Wetness, a feature of the TM Tasseled Cap, was the spectral variable most highly correlated to all stand attributes. Wetness appears to respond to the degree of maturity in a forest stand. One of the primary reasons HRV texture and TM wetness exhibited strong relationships with stand attributes is their relative insensitivity to topographically induced illumination angle. Although TM texture also was insensitive to topography, the spatial resolution of TM data is too coarse to detect the spatial variability within the forest stands evaluated. Regression models used to estimate values for the stand attributes from the satellite data indicate that both TM and HRV imagery should yield equally accurate estimates Of forest age class and stand structure. Of all stand attributes evaluated, the standard deviation of tree sizes, mean size and density of trees in the upper canopy layers, a structural complexity index, and stand age can be most reliably estimated using the satellite data. RP COHEN, WB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,3200 SW JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 64 TC 190 Z9 198 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 41 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(92)90056-P PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA HZ388 UT WOS:A1992HZ38800001 ER PT J AU CHE, N PRICE, JC AF CHE, N PRICE, JC TI SURVEY OF RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION RESULTS AND METHODS FOR VISIBLE AND NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS OF NOAA-7, NOAA-9, AND NOAA-11 AVHRRS SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; VEGETATION INDEXES; IN-FLIGHT; SATELLITE; SENSORS AB Radiometric calibration methods for NOAA AVHRR reflectance channels are reviewed and calibration results for the NOAA-7, -9, and -11 AVHRRs are summmarized. Expressions are provided for the gain values and calibration coefficients of these sensors. Analysis shows that significant errors may results in vegetation index calculations from use of prelaunch calibration values for NOAA-11 AVHRR. The postlaunch calibration methods are briefly discussed. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP CHE, N (reprint author), USDA,REMOTE SENSING RES LAB,BARC W,BLDG 1,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 106 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 41 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(92)90057-Q PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA HZ388 UT WOS:A1992HZ38800002 ER PT J AU PRICE, JC AF PRICE, JC TI ESTIMATING VEGETATION AMOUNT FROM VISIBLE AND NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCES SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID INDEX; RED AB We consider the inference of vegetation status from measurements in the visible and near infrared, in the presence of variable soil reflectance, There are two cases, depending on spatial variability within the instrumental field of view. The first, or "field" case, assumes a spatially uniform vegetation canopy, which is treated in a simple two-stream approximation. In this case, appropriate to Landsat or SPOT data, a value for leaf area index (LAI) may be obtained from reflectance measurements in the visible and near infrared. The second, or "mixed pixel" case, applies for spatial inhomogeneity on a scale larger than individual plant groupings, that is, surface types with varying amounts of vegetation and bare soil. In this case, appropriate to AVHRR observations of agricultural areas, a fractional cover f, corresponding to dense vegetation, may be obtained from the two measurements. A leaf vegetation index V(L), having limits 0 and 1, is introduced for the field case. For a thin canopy (LAI << 1) the leaf vegetation index is shown to equal the vegetation fraction f. Analysis results are compared to commonly used vegetation indices. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 14 TC 81 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 41 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(92)90058-R PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA HZ388 UT WOS:A1992HZ38800003 ER PT J AU MAJOR, DJ SCHAALJE, GB WIEGAND, C BLAD, BL AF MAJOR, DJ SCHAALJE, GB WIEGAND, C BLAD, BL TI ACCURACY AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSES OF SAIL MODEL-PREDICTED REFLECTANCE OF MAIZE SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; VEGETATION CANOPIES; RADIATION; CORN AB Bidirectional reflectance of six maize genotypes was measured on 16 dates in 1984 at the Nebraska Sandhills Laboratory using a modular multiband radiometer. On 10 of the dates, measurements were repeated during the day to obtain a range of solar zenith angles. Plants were sampled approximately weekly to determine leaf area index (LAI) and smoothed to provide LAI values for each of the 560 reflectance measurements. Reflectance in the red and near-infrared (NIR) was predicted by three versions of the SAIL model, a one-dimensional version, a two-dimensional version that took rows into account, and a modified two-dimensional version that accounted for shading caused by rows and crop height, and then evaluated using an accuracy analysis that considered bias, regression, and random errors. The results indicated that the 1-D SAIL model underestimated red and overestimated NIR reflectance at partial canopies because it did not account for exposed bare soil. The 2-D version, which accounted for ground cover, generally overcame this problem. The 2-D' version, which accounted for shading of soil and canopy due to increasing canopy height, did not improve the results of the 2-D version enough to warrant the increased complexity. Sensitivity analyses, in which the main inputs required to fit the data were varied, revealed that the same leaf angle distribution and the same single leaf reflectance and transmittance values could be used for the whole season. Diurnal, multitemporal reflectance combined with the SAIL model adequately described the radiative transfer properties of the maize crop canopies studied. C1 USDA ARS,WESLACO,TX 78596. UNIV NEBRASKA,LINCOLN,NE 68588. RP MAJOR, DJ (reprint author), AGR CANADA,RES STN,POB 3000,LETHBRIDGE T1J 4B1,ALBERTA,CANADA. NR 21 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 41 IS 1 BP 61 EP 70 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(92)90061-N PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA HZ388 UT WOS:A1992HZ38800006 ER PT J AU RICHARDSON, AJ WIEGAND, CL WANJURA, DF DUSEK, D STEINER, JL AF RICHARDSON, AJ WIEGAND, CL WANJURA, DF DUSEK, D STEINER, JL TI MULTISITE ANALYSES OF SPECTRAL-BIOPHYSICAL DATA FOR SORGHUM SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-SORGHUM; REFLECTANCE; VEGETATION; RADIATION; YIELD; CROPS AB Spectral-biophysical functional relations that hold across experiments and environments are needed for economically important crops. Thus, reflectance factors and leaf area index (LAI) measurements for sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] experiments conducted at Bushland, Texas (102.2-degrees-W, 35.2-degrees-N), Lubbock, Texas (101.8-degrees-W, 33.7-degrees-N), and Weslaco, Texas (98.0-degrees-W, 26.2-degrees-N) over a 7-year period were related using two-parameter power and exponential equations for four common vegetation indices (VI): normalized difference (NDVI), perpendicular (PVI), near-infrared to red ratio (RVI), and transformed soil-adjusted (TSAVI). The objective was to produce recommendable empirical equations for estimating LAI of sorghum from spectral vegetation indices using observations pooled across locations. During both the pre- and post-maximum leaf area index portions of the growing season, power and exponential forms were equally good for estimating LAI from TSAVI and NDVI and gave coefficients of determination, R2, that ranged from 0.76 to 0.83. However, for PVI and RVI the relations were not as nonlinear and the power form accounted for more of the variation (R2 = 0.74-0.82) than the exponential form (R2 = 0.69-0.78). Infinite reflectance for sorghum was estimated from the pooled data to be 4.0% in the RED band and 49.7% in the NIR band. Coefficients of exponential relations for sorghum were similar to those for corn reported earlier. Although soils, agronomic treatments, sun angles, and instruments differed among locations, it was possible to develop general relations for estimating leaf area of sorghum from four of the most commonly used spectral vegetation indices. C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX. USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. RP RICHARDSON, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 26 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 41 IS 1 BP 71 EP 82 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(92)90062-O PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA HZ388 UT WOS:A1992HZ38800007 ER PT J AU SAINTGIRONS, I NORRIS, SJ GOBEL, U MEYER, J WALKER, EM ZUERNER, R AF SAINTGIRONS, I NORRIS, SJ GOBEL, U MEYER, J WALKER, EM ZUERNER, R TI GENOME STRUCTURE OF SPIROCHETES SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1ST INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF SPIROCHETES CY OCT 21-23, 1991 CL ANNECY, FRANCE SP MARDX DIAGNOST, MEDIMMUNE & SPECIALTY LABS, FDN MARCEL MERIEUX, ABBOTT LABS, BIOCHIM, CONNAUGHT LABS, FT DODGE LABS, HOECHST ROUSSEL DE SPIROCHETE, GENOME; STRUCTURE, INSERTION SEQUENCE, EXTRACHROMOSOMAL ELEMENTS, BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI, TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM, LEPTOSPIRA-INTERROGANS ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; LEPTOSPIRA-INTERROGANS; PLASMID DNA; CHROMOSOME; NICHOLS AB The genome structures of several pathogenic spirochetes have recently been determined. The genomes of Borrelia species consist of a linear chromosome of approximately one million base pairs (Mb) and various linear and circular plasmids. Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms and 16S ribosomal RNA sequence data indicate the division of Borrelia burgdorferi into at least three distinct genetic groups. Leptospira interrogans has a circular chromosome 5 Mb in size and a 0.35 Mb extrachromosomal element. Repetitive sequence elements similar to insertion sequences have been identified in the Leptospira interrogans genome. The chromosome of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum is circular and has a size of approximately one Mb. Genetic studies conducted to date indicate that B. burgdorferi and L. interrogans have a high degree of genetic diversity, whereas remarkably few genetic differences have been observed among the pathogenic Treponema. Knowledge of the genomic structure of these organisms will serve as a basis for future genetic studies. C1 UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,HOUSTON,TX 77225. UNIV FREIBURG,INST MED MIKROBIOL & HYG,W-7800 FREIBURG,GERMANY. ZAHNARZTLICHES INST,PRAVENTIVZAHNMED & ORAL MIKROBIOL LAB,CH-4051 BASEL,SWITZERLAND. USDA ARS,MWA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP SAINTGIRONS, I (reprint author), INST PASTEUR,UNITE BACTERIOL MOLEC & MED,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. OI Norris, Steven/0000-0002-2501-8034 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 143 IS 6 BP 615 EP 621 DI 10.1016/0923-2508(92)90119-9 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JM117 UT WOS:A1992JM11700009 PM 1362002 ER PT J AU REGER, BJ PRESSEY, R CHAUBAL, R AF REGER, BJ PRESSEY, R CHAUBAL, R TI INVITRO CHEMOTROPISM OF PEARL-MILLET POLLEN TUBES TO STIGMA TISSUE - A RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE PRODUCED IN THE MEDIUM BY TISSUE-BOUND INVERTASE SO SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE POLLEN TUBES; CHEMOTROPISM; GLUCOSE; POLLEN GERMINATION MEDIUM; SUCROSE AB Water-homogenized stigma pellets of pearl millet and precipitates resulting from dialysis of their salt extracts were observed to: (1) chemotropically attract pearl millet pollen tubes on a sucrose-containing pollen germination and growth medium, (2) have acid invertase activity as assayed by the arsenomolybdate method, (3) hydrolyze sucrose in the pollen germination and growth medium to glucose as assayed by coupled glucose oxidation with Nitro Blue Tetrazolium, and (4) lose chemotropic and invertase activities upon heat treatment. The results indicate that the in vitro chemotropic attraction of pearl millet pollen tubes to water-homogenized stigma pellets is a response to glucose produced by homogenate-pellet-bound invertase hydrolyzing the sucrose present in the pollen germination and growth medium. Yeast and tomato invertases used as controls verified this conclusion. Water extracts of whole stigmas contained water-soluble acid invertase. The results are discussed in relation to the identification of possible in vivo chemotropic factors of pearl millet and other plants by in vitro assays. RP REGER, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0934-0882 J9 SEX PLANT REPROD JI Sex. Plant Reprod. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 5 IS 3 BP 201 EP 205 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology GA JE762 UT WOS:A1992JE76200006 ER PT J AU CHAUBAL, R REGER, BJ AF CHAUBAL, R REGER, BJ TI THE DYNAMICS OF CALCIUM DISTRIBUTION IN THE SYNERGID CELLS OF WHEAT AFTER POLLINATION SO SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE FREEZE-SUBSTITUTION; ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY MICROANALYSIS; POLLEN TUBE; EMBRYO SAC; ANGIOSPERM FERTILIZATION ID EGG APPARATUS; MATURE MEGAGAMETOPHYTE; FERTILIZATION; ULTRASTRUCTURE; SUNFLOWER; OVULE AB Sister synergids of wheat were examined for post-pollination calcium distribution using freeze-substitution fixation, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. At 15-30 min post-pollination (before pollen-tube penetration and discharge), the sister synergids were similar in size and in elemental concentrations. Both synergids measured about the same as the egg and contained relatively high concentrations of calcium, potassium, and magnesium. The sister synergids remained identical even in an aberrant case where a pollen tube had penetrated, but not discharged into a synergid. After 30 min post-pollination (after pollen-tube discharge), typically one of the sister synergids was reduced in size and devoid of high concentrations of elements. The other synergid initially remained unaltered and only later underwent slight size reduction; however, it retained high concentrations of elements. The results indicate that high concentrations of calcium, potassium. and magnesium are rapidly lost from a synergid following pollen-tube discharge. A hypothesis is proposed to explain the regulation of entry by only a single pollen tube into an embryo sac. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0934-0882 J9 SEX PLANT REPROD JI Sex. Plant Reprod. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 5 IS 3 BP 206 EP 213 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology GA JE762 UT WOS:A1992JE76200007 ER PT J AU STANKOGOLDEN, KM FITZGERALD, JW SWANK, WT AF STANKOGOLDEN, KM FITZGERALD, JW SWANK, WT TI SULFUR PROCESSING IN SOIL FROM HIGH AND LOW ELEVATION FORESTS IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS OF THE UNITED-STATES SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC SULFUR; SULFATE ADSORPTION; MINERALIZATION; VARIETY; CARBON; FLOOR AB Samples of A, E, and B horizons, collected from a high and a low elevation watershed, were analyzed for their capacity to adsorb sulfate, generate organic S and mobilize organic S. Sulfate adsorption potentials were significantly greater in soil from the high elevation watershed compared to that from the low elevation watershed. Only A horizon samples from the two watersheds were statistically different in their capacity to synthesize organic S, although when these samples were incubated at ambient soil temperatures, no statistical difference in organic S formation was observed. Soil moisture, carbon, pH and S constituents were quantified and relationships between these variables and S processing potentials were determined. With high elevation samples, carbon content was positively correlated with organic S formation rates (r = 0.90; P less-than-or-equal-to 0.005). Sulfonate S was the major S constituent of these soils; however, insoluble ester was the major S constituent in samples from the low elevation watershed. A 60-70% increase in organic S formation rates was observed after amendment with cellobiose with samples from all horizons of the low elevation watershed, indicating that soil from this watershed may be energy deficient in terms of organic S formation. Attempts were made to determine which S processes may be involved in ecosystem-level responses currently being observed with these watersheds. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT MICROBIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. FDA,ENVIRONM IMPACT SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,OTTO,NC 28763. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 24 IS 7 BP 693 EP 702 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(92)90048-3 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JC725 UT WOS:A1992JC72500010 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, AR VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF MITCHELL, AR VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI SHRINKAGE OF BARE AND CULTIVATED SOIL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SWELLING CLAY SOIL; WATER-CONTENT CHANGES; TEXAS VERTISOLS; CRACKING CLAYS; MOVEMENTS; CORES AB The surface subsidence of shrink-swell soils may used to estimate the soil profile water content and soil heaving. Roots are known to affect cracking patterns by anchoring the soil mass, thus influencing soil shrinkage. Our hypothesis was that plant root will influence soil shrinkage measured by vertical surface subsidence. We tested this hypothesis by measuring shrinkage in a large weighing lysimeter for bare soil with no root system and for soils under wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) crops possessing fibrous and tap root systems, respectively. The volume-loss shrinkage curves for both bare and cultivated soil were round to conform to the straight-lines model, with distinct changes in shrinkage zones, in spite of uneven water-content distributions in the profile. The shrinkage characteristic (i.e., the differential change in bulk volume divided by the change in volume water) was greater for fallow (0.677) than for wheat (0-380) and alfalfa (0.377), with the cultivated conditions being similar. These data suggest that plant roots may have large effects on in situ soil shrinkage rates and the water-content zones throughout which they occur. This result means that a soil's shrinkage characteristic may change depending on the cropping condition. It also means that shrinkage measurements from soils without systems (e.g., small cores or clods) are not necessarily representative of actual shrinkage properties observed in the field. C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. RP MITCHELL, AR (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,CENT OREGON AGR RES CTR,850 NW DOGWOOD LANE,MADRAS,OR 97741, USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 31 TC 38 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1036 EP 1042 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JQ168 UT WOS:A1992JQ16800006 ER PT J AU LEBRON, I SUAREZ, DL AF LEBRON, I SUAREZ, DL TI ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY OF ILLITE AND MICACEOUS SOIL CLAYS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HOMOIONIC MONTMORILLONITE; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; ORGANIC-MATTER; DOUBLE-LAYER; ZERO-POINT; KAOLINITE; CHARGE; OXIDE; DISPERSION; ADSORPTION AB Examination of the colloid CheMiStry of clays may provide an increased understanding of the structural stability of soil clays under field conditions. Electrophoretic mobility (EM) gives specific information about the net charge of a particle at the shear plane. An evaluation was made of the effect of the important water quality variables, electrolyte concentration, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and pH on the EM of Silver Hill illite and three micaceous soil clays. increases in electrolyte concentration generally increased the mobility of the colloidal particles, contrary to double-layer prediction. The EM behavior is thus not explained by the commonly used double-layer theory of infinite plates; however, results can be explained if this double-layer theory is extended to consider charge spillover into clay particle edges and changes in variable edge. charge. The EM increased faster when the SAR increased from 5 too 20 (mmol L-1)0.5 than at higher values of this parameter. These results are in agreement with tactoid formation and demixing theory previously developed by others for smectites. The EM for micaceous soil clays and specimen Silver Hill illite was more sensitive to changes in pH as the electrolyte concentration increased. These results are consistent with observations on variable-charge minerals where variable charge increases with increasing ionic strength. Removal or organic matter increased the EM in the pH 4 to 10 range studied, C1 USDA ARS, 4500 GLENWOOD DR, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501 USA. RI lebron, Inma/A-4762-2013 OI lebron, Inma/0000-0001-8610-9717 NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 EI 1435-0661 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1106 EP 1115 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JQ168 UT WOS:A1992JQ16800016 ER PT J AU DOUGLAS, CL RASMUSSEN, PE ALLMARAS, RR AF DOUGLAS, CL RASMUSSEN, PE ALLMARAS, RR TI NUTRIENT DISTRIBUTION FOLLOWING WHEAT-RESIDUE DISPERSAL BY COMBINES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROP RESIDUE; STRAW DECOMPOSITION; NITROGEN; CARBON; FIELD AB Uneven crop residue distribution by a combine may create nonuniform nutrient distribution in the field long after harvest. Uniform distribution of nutrients across a field has significant impacts on plant growth, soil sampling, fertilizer efficiency, and nutrient loss to surface and subsurface water. This study was conducted to evaluate nonuniformity of N, P, S, and K distribution across a field following combine harvest of soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Twelve self-propelled combines were evaluated in 1983 and 10 in 1984. Each combine passed over an 11-m strip of canvas, divided into 0.94 by 0.91 m segments, which was inserted in a swath cut into the unharvested wheat. Residues deposited on any segment of the canvas were collected and residue distribution and N, P, S, and K content of the residue was determined. Distribution of these four nutrients followed the residue distribution and created cyclic nonuniformity across the landscape. Maximum nonuniformity of nutrient distribution, where 1 = perfect uniformity, ranged from 2.7 to 9.0 for N, 1.9 to 7.7 for S, 2.3 to 9.4 for P, and 1.5 to 6.8 for K. Nutrient distribution was more extreme when wheat was cut closer to the ground. Combine modification to improve chaff distribution significantly improved nutrient distribution. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP DOUGLAS, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,POB 370,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1171 EP 1177 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JQ168 UT WOS:A1992JQ16800028 ER PT J AU MALTERER, TJ VERRY, ES ERJAVEC, J AF MALTERER, TJ VERRY, ES ERJAVEC, J TI FIBER CONTENT AND DEGREE OF DECOMPOSITION IN PEATS - REVIEW OF NATIONAL METHODS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SIZE DISTRIBUTION AB Fiber content and degree of decomposition are important physical and chemical peat characteristics. However, there are no internationally accepted methods for their determination. We review selected national methods that measure degree of decomposition and fiber content, and evaluate their precision and their capacity to distinguish between classes of peat. We also relate one national method to a using scaled-variable regression equations. The von Post humification method, a European field test, was used in the identification and sample collection of 10 humification (decompositional) peat classes, from sphagnum, herbaceous, and humus peat types. Subsequent statistical analyses of the samples revealed that only eight classes were significantly different. The USSR centrifugation method successfully identified all eight classes, while the ASTM fiber method successfully identified four of the classes, the USDA fiber methods identified three, four, or five classes, and the USDA pyrophosphate method identified three of the classes. These analyses indicate that the USSR centrifugation laboratory method and the von Post humification field method separate more classes of peat with greater precision than the ASTM, several USDA fiber volume, and USDA pyrophosphate methods. However, similar tests on woody peats and tropical peats are needed to test the universal acceptability of the USSR centrifugation and the von Post humification methods. Predictive regressions between methods had R2 values from 0.690 to 0.998 and CVs form 4.8 to 45.3%. Thirty-eight percent of the between-method regressions are parabolic, 43% linear, and the remainder cubic. C1 US FOREST SERV N CENT FOREST EXP STN,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744. UNIV N DAKOTA,DEPT CHEM ENGN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58022. RP MALTERER, TJ (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,NAT RESOURCES RES INST,5013 MILLER TRUNK HIGHWAY,DULUTH,MN 55811, USA. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1200 EP 1211 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JQ168 UT WOS:A1992JQ16800033 ER PT J AU SOBECKI, TM KARATHANASIS, AD AF SOBECKI, TM KARATHANASIS, AD TI SOILS ON HILLSLOPES IN ACID GRAY AND BLACK SHALES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; HARDWOOD FOREST SOILS AB The effect of hillslope geomorphology on properties of soils formed over horizontally bedded acid gray and black shale was evaluated in the Knobs region of eastern Kentucky. The geology and geographic extent of the Knobs made it possible to apply state factor analysis by systematizing local variation in parent material, while regional climate and vegetation were held constant. Nose-, head-, and sideslopes truncating black shale are steeper (36-62%) than respective hillslopes truncating gray shale (20-32%). Hapludults on these hillslopes are polygenetic: colluvium overlies buried Bt horizons formed in shale residuum. This discontinuity is characterized by a zone of soil creep, differences in soil fabric, and changes in particle size and TiO2/ZrO2 depth functions. Soil chemical properties vary with hillslope geomorphic component and parent material. Although black shale strata have 20 to 30 times more organic C and up to 10 times more S than gray shale, soil material formed from the two types of strata have similar organic C and S contents. Soil material that formed from black-shale-derived colluvium or residuum in noseslopes, however, has lower pH (<4) and higher Al saturation (> 90%) than soil material derived from black or gray shale in other hillslope geomorphic components. RP SOBECKI, TM (reprint author), USDA,SCS,W NATL TECH CTR,511 NW BROADWAY,RM 248,PORTLAND,OR 97209, USA. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1218 EP 1226 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JQ168 UT WOS:A1992JQ16800035 ER PT J AU BRUBAKER, SC HOLZHEY, CS BRASHER, BR AF BRUBAKER, SC HOLZHEY, CS BRASHER, BR TI ESTIMATING THE WATER-DISPERSIBLE CLAY CONTENT OF SOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RED-BROWN EARTH; ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; FLOCCULATION; HORIZON AB Soil erodibility is influenced by several soil properties including the extent to which the clay fraction will disperse in water. Because early methods for estimating soil erosion were empirical methods and did not utilize water-dispersible clay as a parameter, few data have been collected. The recent development of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model, a process-based model for predicting water erosion that uses water-dispersible clay in the algorithm for computing interrill erodibility, resulted in an increased demand for these data. In order to accommodate this and similar models, a method for estimating the water-dispersible clay content of soils based on existing information is needed. Data collected by the National Soil Survey Laboratory in support of the WEPP were used to identify soil properties that were significantly correlated with water-dispersible clay and to develop equations to estimate the water-dispersible clay content of soils based on those properties. The property most strongly correlated with water-dispersible day is total clay. Other properties significantly correlated with water-dispersible clay are the water content at 1.5 MPa, dithionite-citrate-extractable Fe and Al, the coefficient of linear extensibility, Wischmeier's M, the very-fine-sand content, the ratio of cation-exchange capacity (CEC) to total day, Bouyoucos' clay ratio, and the CEC. A simple linear regression of water-dispersible clay vs. total clay revealed that, for the soils included in this study, approximately one-third of the total clay was water dispersible. However, the model only bad an R2 of 0.604. When the ratio of the CEC corrected for organic carbon (CCEC) to total clay was included in the model, the R2 improved to 0.723. However, sorting the data by the ratio of CCEC to total clay instead of including it in the model improved the overall fit of the model and increased the R2 to 0.879. C1 USDA,SCS,NATL SOIL SURVEY LAB,LINCOLN,NE 68508. RP BRUBAKER, SC (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,248 CHASE HALL,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 23 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1227 EP 1232 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JQ168 UT WOS:A1992JQ16800036 ER PT J AU WEST, LT MILLER, WP BRUCE, RR LANGDALE, GW LAFLEN, JM THOMAS, AW AF WEST, LT MILLER, WP BRUCE, RR LANGDALE, GW LAFLEN, JM THOMAS, AW TI CROPPING SYSTEM AND CONSOLIDATION EFFECTS ON RILL EROSION IN THE GEORGIA PIEDMONT SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TILLAGE SYSTEMS; SOIL LOSS; RESIDUE; WHEAT AB Consolidation and changes in surface horizon properties induced by no-tillage may reduce soil loss to levels beyond those attributable to surface residue alone. To evaluate effects of consolidation and surface horizon modification induced by long-term no-tillage on rill erodibility (K(r)) and critical hydraulic shear (tau(c)), simulated rainfall and inflow were applied to plots managed under conventionally tilled monocropped soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], conventionally tilled monocropped grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and no till double cropped crimson dover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and grain sorghum at three sites with differing surface horizon day contents. All surface residue was removed prior to rainfall simulation, and conventionally tilled cropping systems were evaluated in both consolidated and freshly tilled conditions. Increases in organic C from 9.3 to 12.9 g kg-1 and water-stable aggregates from 50 to 76% induced by no-tillage resulted in a 60 to 70% decrease in K(r) for the no-till system, compared with conventionally tilled systems. No differences in K(r) were observed for the two conventionally tilled systems. No differences in tau(c) were observed among the tillage systems. Consolidation within the conventionally tilled treatments reduced K(r) by almost-equal-to 60% from that observed for freshly tilled soil. The reduction was attributed to greater resistance to detachment by flow associated with soil strength increases due to consolidation. Differences in K(r) and tau(c) among the sites were small and were not readily explained by any of the soil properties evaluated. These results indicate that consolidation and modification of surface soil properties under no-till cropping systems are important factors that contribute to reduced rill soil loss observed under no-tillage. C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP WEST, LT (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1238 EP 1243 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JQ168 UT WOS:A1992JQ16800038 ER PT J AU KARLEN, DL COLVIN, TS AF KARLEN, DL COLVIN, TS TI ALTERNATIVE FARMING SYSTEM EFFECTS ON PROFILE NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS ON 2 IOWA FARMS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL MAP UNITS; CROP AB There is general lack of quantitative data to assess alternate farming systems. Our objective were to quantify long-term (20-yr) effects of conventional and alternative farming practices on soil NH4-N, NO3-N, and total-N concentrations. Contiguous soil map units of Clarion loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll), Nicollet loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Haplaquoll), Canisteo silty clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed [calcareous], mesic Typic Haplaquall), and Webster silty clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll) were identified and used to compare long-term farming system effects. Sixty-four soil profile cores averaging 4.5 m in depth were collected from a 16-ha conventional field and from a 16-ha alternative field in April 1989 following a year in which total precipitation was almost-equal-to 30% below normal (588 vs. 848 mm). In autumn 1990, 32 cores averaging 3.0 m in depth were collected from each other 16-ha conventional and alternative fields just north of those sampled in 1989. Farming practice significantly affected total-N, NH4-N, and NO3-N concentrations measured at the various sampling depths, but differences were small and inconsistent. Corn (Zea mays L.) grain yields averaged 9093 kg ha-1 in the conventional field and 8977 kg ha-1 in the alternative field in 1989. Comparing conventional and alternative fields, total aerial N accumulation 6 wk after planting averaged 203 and 123 mg plant-1, ear leaf N concentration averaged 26.6 and 20.6 g kg-1, and total N removed by corn grain averaged 91.6 and 85.7 kg ha-1. All measured differences were generally within the 95% confidence interval, and neither system was consistently better. We conclude that well-managed conventional and alternative farming systems do not differ in their risk for groundwater N pollution in central Iowa. RP KARLEN, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1249 EP 1256 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JQ168 UT WOS:A1992JQ16800040 ER PT J AU ECK, HV WINTER, SR AF ECK, HV WINTER, SR TI SOIL-PROFILE MODIFICATION EFFECTS ON CORN AND SUGAR-BEET GROWN WITH LIMITED WATER SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID YIELD; IRRIGATION AB In arid and semiarid areas, searches continue for practices that enhance soil water storage and for crops that make the best use of stored water. Objectives of this study were to determine the effects of profile modification (PM) on profile soil water extraction, water use, yield, and water-use efficiency (WUE) of corn (Zea mays L.) and sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) grown with limited water supply. The study was conducted on a site where PM treatments involving mixing of the soil profile to 0.0, 0.9, and 1.5 m were imposed on Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll) in 1964. Corn (3 yr) and sugarbeet (2 yr) were grown under limited water (growing-season rainfall plus preplant and emergence or preplant irrigation only). Profile modification to 0.9 and 1.5 m increased the 3-yr-average corn yields 64 and 180%, respectively. Respective increases in water use were 11 and 20%. Sugarbeet yields and water use were not affectged the first year but yields decreased and water use increased by 11% (on 1.5-m PM soil) in the second year. Depletion curves indicated little rooting by corn below 2 m. Sugarbeet used water from 2.7 m or deeper on all PM treatments, with greatest use on the 1.5-m PM soil. Profile modification to 1.5 m increased soil water depletion from the 0.7- to 2.7-m soil depth by corn 186% (49-140 mm) and by sugarbeet 31% (179-234 mm). Extensive rooting by sugarbeet and the long vegetative growing season for root extension limited PM effects on rooting and associated depletion of water from soil below the depths of PM. With the tested system of PM and water supply, corn yields were too low to make production profitable (average 2.8 Mg ha-1 on 1.5-m PM soil) and the effects of PM on sugarbeet yields and WUE do not indicate that PM is a viable practice in sugarbeet production. C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. RP ECK, HV (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1298 EP 1304 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JQ168 UT WOS:A1992JQ16800048 ER PT J AU HONIG, DH CARR, ME AF HONIG, DH CARR, ME TI PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COPOLYMERS OF MODIFIED STARCHES AND POLYACRYLONITRILE SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article AB Starch graft polyacrylonitrile (S-g-PAN) copolymers were prepared from a commercial unmodified cornstarch and from three chemically modified commercial cornstarch products including Amaizo 395 (highly acid modified, HAM), Amaizo 590 (highly hypochlorite oxidized, HHO) and Amaizo 791D (hydroxyethyl, highly acid modified, HEHAM). Using similar reaction conditions and ratio of monomer to starch (1:1), the percentages of PAN in the copolymers ranged from 39% for the unmodified starch to 48% for the modified starches. Only 5% of the PAN of the copolymer prepared from unmodified starch could be extracted by dimethylformamide (DMF) treatments compared to 22-28% for copolymers prepared from the modified starches. However, copolymers from the modified starches apparently contained relatively high proportions of low-molecular-weight copolymer along with homopolymer. Acid hydrolysis treatment of the DMF insoluble and DMF soluble fractions to remove starch from the various copolymers gave essentially quantitative yields of PAN. However, these PAN samples exhibited large differences in DMF solubility. The copolymer from the HHO starch was by far more soluble in DMF, had the lowest number average molecular weight. and had a grafting frequency of 2.5-3 times greater than those of the other copolymers. This study indicated that hypochlorite modified starch substrates may be particularly suitable for obtaining copolymers with widely different properties than copolymers having the acid modified starch substrates. RP HONIG, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD JUL PY 1992 VL 44 IS 7 BP 268 EP 271 DI 10.1002/star.19920440707 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JF716 UT WOS:A1992JF71600006 ER PT J AU SPOONER, DM SYTSMA, KJ AF SPOONER, DM SYTSMA, KJ TI REEXAMINATION OF SERIES RELATIONSHIPS OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL-AMERICAN WILD POTATOES (SOLANUM SECT PETOTA) - EVIDENCE FROM CHLOROPLAST DNA RESTRICTION SITE VARIATION SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION; GENOME; ORIGIN AB Chloroplast DNA restriction analysis has been used to test the series classifications of the Mexican and Central American representatives of Solanum sect. Petota of Rydberg, Bukasov, Hawkes, and Correll. Three clades are supported: 1. all species in series Morelliformia, Pinnatisecta, and Polyadenia exclusive of S. bulbocastanum and S. cardiophyllum. Subclades within clade 1 include S. trifidum and S. tarnii; S. x michoacanum and S. pinnatisectum; S. brachistotrichum and S. stenophyllidium; S. clarum and S. morelliforme; and series Polyadenia; 2. S. bulbocastanum and S. cardiophyllum; 3. S. verrucosum (a Mexican diploid), the Mexican polyploid species, and the South American species. Within clade 3, series Conicibaccata forms a well-defined subclade, whereas S. verrucosum, series Longipediceltata, series Demissa, and the South American species form another. In reference to the latest classification of Hawkes, series Conicibaccata and Polyadenia are supported as monophyletic; the Mexican diploids are paraphyletic; and series Demissa, Longipedicellata, and S. verrucosum (series Tuberosa) form one monophyletic assemblage. Species within series Longipedicellata and Demissa are polyploid, possibly of hybrid origin, and may need less conservative markers or biparentally-inherited probes to distinguish them. These molecular results are compared to the diverse data sets that have led to this classification. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BOT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP SPOONER, DM (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 71 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 17 IS 3 BP 432 EP 448 DI 10.2307/2419483 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA JE348 UT WOS:A1992JE34800010 ER PT J AU GAWEL, NJ JARRET, RL WHITTEMORE, AP AF GAWEL, NJ JARRET, RL WHITTEMORE, AP TI RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM (RFLP)-BASED PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF MUSA SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE TAXONOMY; BANANA; RFLP; MUSA; PHYLOGENY ID RAPA SYN CAMPESTRIS; BRASSICA-OLERACEA; TAXONOMY; RFLPS; BANANAS AB Random genomic probes were used to detect RFLPs in 19 Musa species and subspecies. A total of 89 phylogenetically informative alleles were scored and analyzed cladistically and phenetically. Results were in general agreement with morphology-based phylogenetic analyses, with the following exceptions: our data unambiguously places M. homan in section Australimusa, and indicates M. beccarii is very closely related to M. acuminata. Additionally, no support was found for the separation of section Rhodochlamys from section Musa. A comparison of morphology-based and RFLP-based phylogenetic analyses is presented. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. USDA ARS,REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. NR 20 TC 55 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 84 IS 3-4 BP 286 EP 290 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA JG247 UT WOS:A1992JG24700005 PM 24203185 ER PT J AU FARNHAM, MW DEGENHART, NR VANCE, CP BARNES, DK AF FARNHAM, MW DEGENHART, NR VANCE, CP BARNES, DK TI MOLECULAR AND WHOLE-PLANT RESPONSES TO SELECTION FOR ENZYME-ACTIVITY IN ALFALFA ROOT-NODULES - EVIDENCE FOR MOLECULAR COMPENSATION OF ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE EXPRESSION SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE GLUTAMATE OXALATE TRANSAMINASE-ISOZYMES; NITROGEN FIXATION; MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI ID FIXATION; NITROGEN AB The enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) plays a key role in the assimilation of fixed-N in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) root nodules. AAT activity in alfalfa nodules is due to the activity of two dimeric isozymes, AAT-1 and AAT-2, that are products of two distinct genes. Three forms of AAT-2 (AAT-2a, -2b, and -2c) have been identified. It was hypothesized that two alleles occur at the AAT-2 locus, giving rise to the three AAT-2 enzymes. In a prior study bidirectional selection for root nodule AAT and asparagine synthetase (AS) activities on a nodule fresh weight basis in two diverse alfalfa germ plasms resulted in high nodule enzyme activity subpopulations with about 20% more nodule AAT activity than low enzyme activity subpopulations. The objectives of the study presented here were to determine the inheritance of nodule AAT-2 production and to evaluate the effect of bidirectional selection for AAT and AS on AAT-2 allelic frequencies, the relative contributions of AAT-1 and AAT-2 to total nodule activity, nodule enzyme concentration, and correlated traits. Two alleles at the AAT-2 locus were verified by evaluating segregation of isozyme phenotypes among F1 and S1 progeny of crosses or selfs. Characterization of subpopulations for responses associated with selection was conducted using immunoprecipitation of in vitro nodule AAT activity, quantification of AAT enzyme protein by ELISA, and AAT activity staining of native isozymes on PAGE. Results indicate that selection for total AAT activity specifically altered the expression of the nodule AAT-2 isozyme. AAT-2 activity was significantly greater in high compared to low activity subpopulations, and high AAT subpopulations from both germ plasms had about 18% more AAT-2 enzyme (on a nodule fresh weight basis). No significant or consistent changes in AAT-2 genotypic frequencies in subpopulations were caused by selection for AAT activity. Since changes in AAT activity were not associated with changes in AAT-2 genotype, selection must have affected a change(s) at another locus (or loci), which indirectly effects the expression of nodule AAT. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 84 IS 3-4 BP 355 EP 361 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA JG247 UT WOS:A1992JG24700015 PM 24203195 ER PT J AU NELSON, RL PLATTS, WS LARSEN, DP JENSEN, SE AF NELSON, RL PLATTS, WS LARSEN, DP JENSEN, SE TI TROUT DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT IN RELATION TO GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY IN THE NORTH FORK HUMBOLDT RIVER DRAINAGE, NORTHEASTERN NEVADA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ECOREGIONS; PATTERNS; STREAMS AB We studied the existing distribution of native Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi and exotic brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis with respect to geologic and geomorphic land-classes in the upper North Fork Humboldt River drainage, Nevada. We evaluated habitat conditions in study sites to determine which measured components of habitat structure provided the best discriminators among study stream reaches in the different land-classes and among trout-supporting and unpopulated study reaches. At a finer level of resolution, we used the habitat attributes with the most discriminatory power to plot the distributions of study areas by land-class and by presence or absence of trout along coordinate axes reflecting environmental gradients defined by these attributes. Elevation, substrate embeddedness, and streamflow were the variables with the most discriminatory power among land-classes defined by parent geologic material (geologic district), but gravel abundance in the substrate was more useful than streamflow in further discriminating among land-classes at the lower-level classification defined by geomorphic character (landtype association). Plots of study areas along environmental gradients defined by these variables visibly separated study areas by land-class. Trout distributions at specific sites were clearly related to geologic district and, to a lesser extent, to landtype association. Trout were almost exclusively restricted to sites in the sedimentary mountains defining the western boundary of the drainage, and occurred elsewhere only in study areas that were upstream from the fine-textured valley floor. Of the variables measured, embeddedness appeared to be the most likely cause of the segregation of trout by geologic district. Although unmeasured variables (e.g., temperature, winter conditions, and turbidity) cannot be eliminated as potential limiting factors, peripheral evidence suggests that they alone probably are not determinants of trout distribution in the region. Trout were common in the sedimentary geologic district, but did not occur in all study sites. Important discriminating attributes in this region were stream width, abundance of large substrate (rubble and boulder), and streamflow; trout were principally associated with sites characterized by wider, well-watered stream reaches containing high percentages of large stream-bottom particles. Study sites meeting these criteria were concentrated in high mountain areas influenced by Pleistocene glaciation, but were also present in the fluvial canyons. All sites containing brook trout were in drainages that had been glaciated. These sites would normally be considered "better" trout habitat; native cutthroat trout occupied the more degraded sites. C1 DON CHAPMAN CONSULTANTS,BOISE,ID 83705. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. WHITE HORSE ASSOCIATES,SMITHFIELD,UT 84335. RP NELSON, RL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,316 E MYRTLE ST,BOISE,ID 83702, USA. NR 37 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 121 IS 4 BP 405 EP 426 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0405:TDAHIR>2.3.CO;2 PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA JZ974 UT WOS:A1992JZ97400001 ER PT J AU COBLE, DW BRUESEWITZ, RE FRATT, TW SCHEIRER, JW AF COBLE, DW BRUESEWITZ, RE FRATT, TW SCHEIRER, JW TI DECLINE OF LAKE TROUT IN LAKE HURON SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID LAMPREY PETROMYZON-MARINUS; SEA LAMPREYS; SUPERIOR C1 MINNESOTA DEPT NAT RESOURCES,AITKIN,MN 56431. US FOREST SERV,STEAMBOAT SPRINGS,CO 80487. WISCONSIN DEPT NAT RESOURCES,PARK FALLS,WI 54552. RP COBLE, DW (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,WISCONSIN COOPERAT FISHERY RES UNIT,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,STEVENS POINT,WI 54481, USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 121 IS 4 BP 550 EP 554 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA JZ974 UT WOS:A1992JZ97400014 ER PT J AU OZKAN, HE REICHARD, DL ACKERMAN, KD AF OZKAN, HE REICHARD, DL ACKERMAN, KD TI EFFECT OF ORIFICE WEAR ON SPRAY PATTERNS FROM FAN NOZZLES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE NOZZLE WEAR; SPRAY; PATTERN; PATTERNATOR AB The effects of nozzle wear on the spray patterns of fan nozzles made with different materials and capacities were investigated. An automated computerized weighing system was developed to rapidly evaluate the spray deposit distribution from the nozzles. Results indicate there was some difference between spray deposit distributions of new and worn fan nozzles. The width of the spray pattern remained nearly constant but worn nozzles delivered greater volumes of liquid in the centers of the spray patterns. C1 USDA AGR,WOOSTER,OH. RP OZKAN, HE (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1091 EP 1096 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JY498 UT WOS:A1992JY49800001 ER PT J AU OZKAN, HE REICHARD, DL SWEENEY, JS AF OZKAN, HE REICHARD, DL SWEENEY, JS TI DROPLET SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS ACROSS THE FAN PATTERNS OF NEW AND WORN NOZZLES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE NOZZLE WEAR; SPRAY; DROPLET SIZE AB Droplet size spectra characteristics across the fan-patterns of new and worn nozzles with different capacities and constructed of different materials were investigated. Initial flow rates of the nozzles were 0.8, 1.5, 2.3 and 3 L/min, and the materials were brass, nylon, plastic. stainless steel and hardened stainless steel. Droplet size distributions from new nozzles with the same flow capacity, but constructed of different materials, were approximately the same. The weighted volume median diameter (D(v.5)BAR) of the spray distribution from each nozzle was determined from the volume of liquid spray and droplet size distribution at 2 cm intervals across the swath (41 points). The D(v.5)BAR of all new nozzles, regardless of material, increased linearly as capacities of the nozzles increased. The D(v.5)BAR was generally greater for worn than similar new nozzles. C1 USDA AGR,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH. RP OZKAN, HE (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1097 EP 1102 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JY498 UT WOS:A1992JY49800002 ER PT J AU WILLIFORD, JR AF WILLIFORD, JR TI INFLUENCE OF HARVEST FACTORS ON COTTON YIELD AND QUALITY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE COTTON; COTTON HARVESTING; COTTON QUALITY AB Research studies were conducted during the 1980s to evaluate the relationship between harvest systems, harvest aid chemicals, and harvest environments to cotton yield and quality. Cotton yield and quality were reduced in three out of five years with once over and delayed harvesting compared to twice over harvesting. The most significant factor influencing yield and grade in these studies was rainfall occurring after the cotton was open. Rainfall totaling 50 mm or more significantly reduced yield and quality. Defoliation reduced lint yield by an average of 44 kg/ha but increased grade index. Application of Prep (ethephon) to accelerate boll opening significantly reduced yield and grade if applied at the 40% or 60% open stage, but had no detrimental effect on yield or grade if applied at the 80% open stage. RP WILLIFORD, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1103 EP 1107 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JY498 UT WOS:A1992JY49800003 ER PT J AU WILLIFORD, JR AF WILLIFORD, JR TI PRODUCTION OF COTTON ON NARROW ROW SPACING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE COTTON; PRODUCTION; ROW SPACING AB Field studies were conducted at Stoneville, Mississippi from 1987-1991 to evaluate cotton production in 0.76 m rows. The five-year average yield increase obtained from 0.76 m rows compared to 1.02 m rows was 6.5% for Bosket very fine sandy loam soil and 8.6% for Dundee silty clay loam soil. A yield increase of 9.0% on Tunica silty clay loam soil was obtained in 1989 and 1990. Timely application of the plant growth regulator Pix reduced plant height and increased yield. These studies did not indicate a need to change varieties, nitrogen level, nor plant population when converting from a 1.02 m row system to a 0.76 m row system. Some equipment modifications are required for 0.76 m production. The level of management is higher in the 0.76 m row system primarily due to shorter time frames for production inputs. RP WILLIFORD, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 3 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1109 EP 1112 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JY498 UT WOS:A1992JY49800004 ER PT J AU KOO, YM SUMNER, HR CHANDLER, LD AF KOO, YM SUMNER, HR CHANDLER, LD TI FORMATION OF IMMISCIBLE OIL DROPLETS DURING CHEMIGATION .1. IN-LINE DISPERSION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CHEMIGATION; OIL-DROPLETS; DISPERSION; DROPLET SIZE DISTRIBUTION ID INSECTICIDE AB Factors that influenced the immiscible oil droplet size distribution within a simulated chemigation line were evaluated. Isokinetic sampling in the chemigation water line was conducted to measure droplet size distribution of oil (the dispersed phase) using a Brinkmann Particle Size Analyzer system. The velocity of water flow (the continuous phase) at the injection port and injection port configuration were the main factors evaluated in this study. Velocity of the continuous phase significantly influenced the droplet size distribution of the dispersed phase. The effect of injection port configuration on oil droplet size distribution was less at low velocity, but was of greater significance at high velocity. A unimodal droplet size distribution, with a narrow span and a minimum number of small droplets, was selected for inclusion in future nozzle dispersion tests. A desirable in-line droplet size distribution was produced at a water flow velocity of 0.91 m/s with a 1.59 mm I.D. injection port. The droplet size distribution had a volume median diameter (D(V.5)) of 196 mum and a number median diameter (D(N.5)) of 31 mum. RP KOO, YM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1121 EP 1125 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JY498 UT WOS:A1992JY49800006 ER PT J AU KOO, YM SUMNER, HR CHANDLER, LD AF KOO, YM SUMNER, HR CHANDLER, LD TI FORMATION OF IMMISCIBLE OIL DROPLETS DURING CHEMIGATION .2. NOZZLE DISPERSION AND EMULSIFICATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CHEMIGATION; OIL-DROPLETS; DISPERSION; EMULSION; DROPLET SIZE DISTRIBUTION AB Various size distributions of oil droplets were characterized as a requisite for testing their efficacy when applied with chemigated agrochemicals. An apparatus was developed to collect oil droplets contained in nozzle discharge from a laboratory chemigation system, and measure their size distribution using a Brinkmann Particle Size Analyzer system. Average flow velocity of water (the continuous phase) in the nozzle was the essential variable affecting the droplet size distribution of oil dispersion (the dispersed phase). Also, emulsions were created by a mechanical homogenizer and a chemical emulsifier. Effects of the chemical emulsifier overwhelmed dispersion effects of the nozzle during emulsification; however, the nozzle effects were restored as emulsifier concentration decreased. Three distinctly different distributions of oil droplets were noticeable among experimental droplet size distributions. The three droplet size distributions were represented by volume median diameters (D(V.5)) Of 5.9, 29.1, and 80.8 mum; and number median diameters (D(N.5)) of 1.37, 3.4, and 18.1 mum generated using mechanical emulsification, nozzle dispersion with flat spray nozzles at 276 kPa, and nozzle dispersion with swirl chamber nozzles at 138 kPa, respectively. RP KOO, YM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1127 EP 1133 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JY498 UT WOS:A1992JY49800007 ER PT J AU KINNEY, GR ERBACH, DC BERN, CJ AF KINNEY, GR ERBACH, DC BERN, CJ TI SOIL STRAIN UNDER 3 TRACTOR CONFIGURATIONS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL COMPACTION; TRACKED VEHICLES ID COMPACTION AB Soil compaction can cause significant crop yield reductions. Effective management of soil compaction caused by tractors requires an understanding of the influence of the tractive system on soil compaction. Soil strain under tractors equipped with single rear wheels, dual rear wheels, or steel tracks was measured and compared. Tractors were of nearly equal mass. Strain was measured by using soil-strain transducers installed at 100-, 150-, 200-, and 300-mm depths beneath the soil surface. Soil strain was defined as the change in transducer length divided by the initial length of the transducer when installed in the soil. Soil strain at 100- to 245-mm depth was significantly greater for the tractor with single rear wheels than for the other tractors. The difference in soil strain caused by tractors with different tractive systems decreased with soil depth. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50010. RP KINNEY, GR (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1135 EP 1139 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JY498 UT WOS:A1992JY49800008 ER PT J AU AHMAD, N KANWAR, RS KASPAR, TC BAILEY, TB AF AHMAD, N KANWAR, RS KASPAR, TC BAILEY, TB TI EFFECT OF SOIL SURFACE SUBMERGENCE AND A WATER-TABLE ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND NUTRIENT-UPTAKE OF CORN SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE WATER TABLE; VEGETATIVE GROWTH; NUTRIENT UPTAKE; IRRIGATION ID YIELD AB Effects of excessive-water stress on corn vegetative growth and nutrient uptake were investigated in environmentally controlled growth chambers. Two excessive-water treatments (soil surface submergence and water table at 15-cm depth) and four excessive-water stress levels (equivalent to 90, 180, 270, and 360 cm-day of stress as defined by SEW30 concept) were imposed at 21 days after emergence. Data on plant growth parameters (i.e., height, leaf area, dry matter, and shoot uptake of N, P, and K) were compared for both water-table positions. Com plants were significantly larger when a water table was imposed at the 15-cm depth than when the surface was submerged at all excessive-water stress levels. Plant nutrient uptake also was greater when a water table was maintained at 15 cm below the surface than when the surface was submerged. Nutrient uptake decreased significantly with increasing stress level for the submerged-surface treatment, but the trend was not consistent for the water-table treatment. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT STAT,AMES,IA 50011. RP AHMAD, N (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGR & BIOSYST ENGN,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1173 EP 1177 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JY498 UT WOS:A1992JY49800013 ER PT J AU HAGEN, LJ ARMBRUST, DV AF HAGEN, LJ ARMBRUST, DV TI AERODYNAMIC ROUGHNESS AND SALTATION TRAPPING EFFICIENCY OF TILLAGE RIDGES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TILLAGE; EROSION; WEPS ID TURBULENT-FLOW; AMPLITUDE; ABRASION; SOIL AB A new wind erosion prediction system (WEPS) is being developed by a modeling team to replace the current wind erosion equation. WEPS simulates erosion, as well as soil and biomass conditions that control wind erosion. Parameters for the WEPS erosion submodel are being developed in a series of wind tunnel experiments. Field tillage ridges containing large aggregates are often used to aid in control of wind erosion. Two of the ways armored ridges control erosion are raising the threshold velocity where erosion begins and trapping saltating soil particles. The objectives of this study were to determine: a) aerodynamic roughness length and displacement height of tillage ridges, b) static and dynamic threshold friction velocities of armored ridges, and c) ridge trapping efficiency. Eight sets of simulated tillage ridges, ranging from 23.7 to 150 mm in height and armored with 2 to 6 mm gravel, were installed over 6.1 m of a wind tunnel working section and tested. Using wind speed profile measurements, estimating equations were developed to predict ridge aerodynamic roughness length and displacement height as functions of ridge height and ratio of ridge height to along-wind ridge spacing. Estimating equations also were developed to predict both static and dynamic threshold friction velocities as functions of ridge aerodynamic roughness length. From measurements of depletion of saltation discharge passing over the ridges, an estimating equation was developed to predict ridge trapping efficiency as a function of saltation discharge, saltation discharge transport capacity, and ridge geometry. RP HAGEN, LJ (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1179 EP 1184 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JY498 UT WOS:A1992JY49800014 ER PT J AU ALLEN, RG PRUEGER, JH HILL, RW AF ALLEN, RG PRUEGER, JH HILL, RW TI EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FROM ISOLATED STANDS OF HYDROPHYTES - CATTAIL AND BULRUSH SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; LYSIMETERS; HYDROPHYTES; WETLANDS; CONSUMPTIVE USE AB Evapotranspiration coefficients and aerodynamic roughness and bulk stomatal resistance parameters were developed for predicting evapotranspiration (E(t)) from narrow, isolated stands of cattail and bulrush (hydrophytes) using measurements from drainage lysimeters. Peak ratios of E(t) from vegetation in the center of 6 m wide stands of hydrophytes to E(t) from alfalfa averaged 1.6 for cattails and 1.8 for bulrushes. A ratio of momentum roughness height to vegetative height of 0.3 for use in the Penman-Monteith equation best fit experimental data. Errors between prediction equations and lysimeter measurements were minimized using linear, segmented evapotranspiration coefficient curves as compared to using a fitted Penman-Monteith approach. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL TILTH LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP ALLEN, RG (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,BIOL & IRRIGAT ENGN,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 11 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1191 EP 1198 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JY498 UT WOS:A1992JY49800016 ER PT J AU MEYER, LD HARMON, WC AF MEYER, LD HARMON, WC TI INTERRILL RUNOFF AND EROSION - EFFECTS OF ROW-SIDESLOPE SHAPE, RAIN ENERGY, AND RAIN INTENSITY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE EROSION; RUNOFF; RAIN INTENSITY AB The effects of row-sideslope shape, rain energy, and rain intensity on interrill runoff and erosion were studied on two soils in the laboratory. A typical curved row sideslope averaged about 14 % less erosion than a row sideslope of uniform steepness. Different energy levels produced by different rainfall-simulator nozzles affected erosion rates approximately in direct proportion to the rain impact energy. The effect of rain intensity (I) on resulting erosion (E) changed with the applied energy level, as evidenced by a decrease for the coefficient a and an increase for the exponent b in E = aI(b) as energy level decreased. Runoff was affected most by rain intensity, some by rain energy, and little by slope shape. Results from this research also emphasize the importance of applying storms with the characteristics of natural rainfall when conducting erosion experiments. RP MEYER, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1199 EP 1203 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JY498 UT WOS:A1992JY49800017 ER PT J AU NELSON, SO KRASZEWSKI, AW KANDALA, CVK LAWRENCE, KC AF NELSON, SO KRASZEWSKI, AW KANDALA, CVK LAWRENCE, KC TI HIGH-FREQUENCY AND MICROWAVE SINGLE-KERNEL MOISTURE SENSORS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SENSORS; MOISTURE; MICROWAVES ID RF IMPEDANCE; DC CONDUCTANCE; CORN; PEANUTS AB Basic principles of sensing moisture content in single seeds and grain kernels are presented for high-frequency impedance measurements on a parallel-plate capacitor holding the sample and for microwave resonant cavity sensors with the sample at the center of the cavity. High-frequency impedance measurements at two frequencies permit size- and shape-independent determinations of single-kernel moisture content. Measurements of resonant frequency shift and the change in the cavity transmission factor when the sample is inserted into the cavity also permit size- and shape-independent determinations of kernel moisture content. Examples of measurements on soybeans, field corn, popcorn, peanuts, and pecans are presented with standard errors of performance well below 1 % moisture content, which are judged useful for practical application. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGR ENGN,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP NELSON, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1309 EP 1314 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JY498 UT WOS:A1992JY49800031 ER PT J AU KRASZEWSKI, AW NELSON, SO AF KRASZEWSKI, AW NELSON, SO TI RESONANT MICROWAVE CAVITIES FOR SENSING PROPERTIES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MICROWAVES; RESONANT CAVITIES; MOISTURE; SENSORS ID MOISTURE-CONTENT DETERMINATION; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB Principles are presented for using microwave resonant cavities to sense properties of individual seeds, grain kernels, nuts, etc. Results of research are presented illustrating the usefulness of the technique for making size-independent moisture determinations in seeds of uniform shape and in seeds or kernels of arbitrary shape and for simultaneous determination of both mass and moisture content in kernels of uniform shape. For such commodities, resonant cavities offer a means for moisture measurement that is rapid and does not require contact between the materials being measured and the measurement system. RP KRASZEWSKI, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1315 EP 1321 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JY498 UT WOS:A1992JY49800032 ER PT J AU SLOCOMBE, JW FEYERHERM, AM STETSON, LE AF SLOCOMBE, JW FEYERHERM, AM STETSON, LE TI PREDICTING ELECTRICAL ENERGY-CONSUMPTION ON KANSAS FARMS BY ENTERPRISE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE ELECTRICITY; ENERGY; CONSUMPTION AB Much of the rural demand data in use today were derived from research completed in the late 1950s and early 1960s and are summarized in Rural Electrification Administration (REA) Bulletin 45-2, entitled "REA Demand Tables". Four thousand Kansas agricultural producers were surveyed to determine electrical equipment and energy management practices used for grain, livestock, and dairy production in 1989. Completed questionnaires were obtained from 1,177 producers. A mathematical model consisting of 12 variables was developed that subdivided the annual electrical energy consumption (AEEC) per farm for the population of 1989 Kansas farmers into a number of component parts. Predictor variables were developed to represent different enterprises in a farm operation. Sample estimates of AEEC per enterprise unit were obtained by applying the method of least squares to data from 738 farms. The coefficient of determination (R2) for the fitted model was 0.86 and root-mean-squared error was 8429 kWh/yr. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT STAT,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE. RP SLOCOMBE, JW (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGR ENGN,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1329 EP 1333 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA JY498 UT WOS:A1992JY49800034 ER PT J AU SCHNELL, RJ NAGAI, C AF SCHNELL, RJ NAGAI, C TI VARIATION IN AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS AMONG MATERNAL HALF-SIB FAMILIES OF SACCHARUM-OFFICINARUM AND ELITE HAWAIIAN COMMERCIAL CLONES SO TROPICAL AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE GENETIC VARIATION; HERITABILITY; SUGARCANE; GERMPLASM EVALUATION ID SUGARCANE; CROSS AB Studies were conducted to estimate and compare genetic variation in agronomic characters, stalk volume, stalk number, plant height and stalk diameter among S. officinarum maternal half-sib families (OHS), elite Hawaiian commercial clone maternal half-sib families (EHS), and among the parental elite clones (EC) themselves. Twenty-seven OHS, 27 EHS, and 27 EC were evaluated for four variables in two field environments. Significant genetic variation was detected for stalk diameter, stalk number and stalk height among the OHS, for stalk diameter and stalk number among the EHS, and for all characters among the EC. Genotype x environment interactions were significant among OHS for all characters, and for stalk volume and stalk number among the EC. No interaction was detected among the EHS. The S. officinarum is not expected to be useful in broadening the genetic base of our breeding population. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,MIAMI,FL 33158. RP SCHNELL, RJ (reprint author), HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS ASSOC,DEPT GENET & PATHOL,EXPT STN,POB 1057,AIEA,HI 96701, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TROPICAL AGRICULTURE PI TRINIDAD PA UNIV WEST INDIES FAC OF AGRICULTURE ST AUGUSTINE, TRINIDAD, WEST INDIES SN 0041-3216 J9 TROP AGR JI Trop. Agric. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 69 IS 3 BP 203 EP 206 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA JA944 UT WOS:A1992JA94400002 ER PT J AU HANSEN, JD HARA, AH TENBRINK, VL AF HANSEN, JD HARA, AH TENBRINK, VL TI INSECTICIDAL DIPS FOR DISINFECTING COMMERCIAL TROPICAL CUT FLOWERS AND FOLIAGE SO TROPICAL PEST MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ANTHURIUM; INSECTS; PESTS; FLUVALINATE; INSECTICIDAL SOAPS AB Insecticidal dips were evaluated as a postharvest treatment to eliminate insects from tropical cut flowers and foliage before shipment. Among candidate insecticides, a combination dip for at least 5 min of an insecticidal soap composed of potassium salts of fatty acids (0.98% active ingredient) with fluvalinate (0-023% active ingredient) was the most effective against pest insects, but rinsing flowers with water immediately after dipping reduced efficacy. No phytotoxicity was observed when this dip was used at double concentration for most cut flowers and foliages, but damage was obvious for cycads, orchid flowers and some anthurium cultivars. RP HANSEN, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES LAB,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-6147 J9 TROP PEST MANAGE PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 38 IS 3 BP 245 EP 249 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JR390 UT WOS:A1992JR39000006 ER PT J AU MARSDEN, MA AF MARSDEN, MA TI SENSITIVITY OF THE WESTERN ROOT DISEASE-MODEL - INVENTORY OF ROOT DISEASE SO USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE ARMILLARIA; PHELLINUS-WEIRII; PROGNOSIS MODEL; DISEASE IMPACT AB The Western Root Disease Model can be used to simulate the spread and impact of Armillaria spp. and Phellinus weirii (Murr.[Gilbn.]) in western coniferous forests. The simulations are sensitive to the information on initial disease conditions supplied to the model. This includes the number, size, and location of root disease centers. The model has limited capacity to simulate the spatial pattern of root disease centers. When the disease is scattered throughout the stand, it can be simulated as a single, large center. Forest inventory requirements and model limitations are demonstrated. RP MARSDEN, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROCKY MT FOREST RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION PI FT COLLINS PA 3825 EAST MULBERRY ST, FT COLLINS, CO 80524-8597 SN 0502-5001 J9 USDA FOR SERV RM RES JI USDA For. Serv. Rocky Mt. For. Range Exp Stn. Res. Pap. PD JUL PY 1992 IS RM-303 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KB118 UT WOS:A1992KB11800001 ER PT J AU FERRIS, KE ANDREWS, RE THOEN, CO BLACKBURN, BO AF FERRIS, KE ANDREWS, RE THOEN, CO BLACKBURN, BO TI PLASMID PROFILE ANALYSIS, PHAGE TYPING, AND ANTIBIOTIC-SENSITIVITY OF SALMONELLA-DUBLIN FROM CLINICAL ISOLATES IN THE UNITED-STATES SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TYPHIMURIUM; VIRULENCE AB One hundred clinical isolates of Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis serovar dublin (Salmonella dublin) were examined for phage sensitivity, antibiotic resistance patterns, and plasmid content. Computer analysis of the lysis patterns observed by using 27 typing phages divided the S. dublin isolates into 26 groups. One lytic pattern (Designated pattern 16) contained 52% of the isolates examined whereas 16 isolates had unique patterns, and nine patterns had fewer than ten members. Although 14 antibiotic resistance patterns were observed among the 100 isolates, 79% of the isolates grouped in three major patterns. Seven plasmid groups were identified and designated A-G based on the large plasmids found in the isolates. Of the 100 isolates, 28 contained the plasmid profile of Group A, 28 were Group B, 7 were Group C, 34 were Group D, and 1 isolate each was observed in Groups E, F, and G. The strong association between antibiotic resistance pattern and plasmid type suggest that the drug resistance genes are plamid borne. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 32 IS 1 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(92)90006-F PG 12 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA JD807 UT WOS:A1992JD80700005 PM 1514237 ER PT J AU QI, FX RIDPATH, JF LEWIS, T BOLIN, SR BERRY, ES AF QI, FX RIDPATH, JF LEWIS, T BOLIN, SR BERRY, ES TI ANALYSIS OF THE BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS GENOME FOR POSSIBLE CELLULAR INSERTIONS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUCOSAL DISEASE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; PESTIVIRUS; INFECTIONS; PROTEIN; CATTLE C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET & MICROBIOL SCI,POB 5406,FARGO,ND 58105. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 20 TC 89 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUL PY 1992 VL 189 IS 1 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90704-S PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA HY278 UT WOS:A1992HY27800030 PM 1318605 ER PT J AU AFONSO, CL ALCARAZ, C BRUN, A SUSSMAN, MD ONISK, DV ESCRIBANO, JM ROCK, DL AF AFONSO, CL ALCARAZ, C BRUN, A SUSSMAN, MD ONISK, DV ESCRIBANO, JM ROCK, DL TI CHARACTERIZATION OF P-30, A HIGHLY ANTIGENIC MEMBRANE AND SECRETED PROTEIN OF AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID TRANSFORMING GROWTH-FACTOR; INFECTED-CELLS; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; ENCODES; PIGS C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944. INST NACL INVEST & TECNOL AGR & ALIMENTARIA,DEPT SANIDAD ANIM,E-28012 MADRID,SPAIN. RI Brun, Alejandro/J-9808-2014 OI Brun, Alejandro/0000-0001-7865-538X NR 39 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUL PY 1992 VL 189 IS 1 BP 368 EP 373 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90718-5 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA HY278 UT WOS:A1992HY27800044 PM 1604821 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, MC PETTY, ITD JACKSON, AO AF EDWARDS, MC PETTY, ITD JACKSON, AO TI RNA RECOMBINATION IN THE GENOME OF BARLEY STRIPE MOSAIC-VIRUS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SYSTEMIC MOVEMENT; PLANT-VIRUS; ORGANIZATION; ENCODES; GENES; CDNA C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP EDWARDS, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,POB 5677,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUL PY 1992 VL 189 IS 1 BP 389 EP 392 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90722-2 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA HY278 UT WOS:A1992HY27800048 PM 1604824 ER PT J AU NEILL, JD AF NEILL, JD TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF THE CAPSID PROTEIN GENE OF 2 SEROTYPES OF SAN-MIGUEL SEA LION VIRUS - IDENTIFICATION OF CONSERVED AND NONCONSERVED AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES AMONG CALICIVIRUS CAPSID PROTEINS SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CALICIVIRUS; CAPSID PROTEIN; ANTIGENIC DIVERSITY; SEROTYPE ID 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; INFECTED-CELLS; RESOLUTION; RNA; PICORNAVIRUSES; DISEASE; 3.0-A; OCEAN AB The San Miguel sea lion viruses, members of the calicivirus family, are closely related to the vesicular disease of swine viruses which can cause severe disease in swine. In order to begin the molecular characterization of these viruses, the nucleotide sequence of the capsid protein gene of two San Miguel sea lion viruses (SMSV), serotypes 1 and 4, was determined. The coding sequences for the capsid precursor protein were located within the 3' terminal 2620 bases of the genomic RNAs of both viruses. The encoded capsid precursor proteins were 79,500 and 77,634 Da for SMSV 1 and SMSV 4, respectively. The SMSV 1 protein was 47.7% and SMSV 4 was 48.6% homologous to the feline calicivirus (FCV) capsid precursor protein while the two SMSV capsid precursors were 73% homologous to each other. Six distinct regions within the capsid precursors (denoted as regions A-F) were identified based on amino acid sequence alignment analysis of the two SMSV serotypes with FCV and the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) capsid protein. Three regions showed similarity among all four viruses (regions B, D and F) and one region showed a very high degree of homology between the SMSV serotypes but only limited similarity with FCV (region A). RHDV contained only a truncated region A. A fifth region, consisting of approximately 100 residues, was not conserved among any of the viruses (region E) and, in SMSV, may contain the serotype-specific determinants. Another small region (region C) contained between 15 and 27 amino acids and showed little sequence conservation. Region B showed the highest degree of conservation among the four viruses and contained the residues which had homology to the picornavirus VP3 structural protein. An open reading frame, found in the 3' terminal 514 bases of the SMSV genomes, encoded small proteins (12,575 and 12,522 Da, respectively for SMSV 1 and SMSV 4) of which 32% of the conserved amino acids were basic residues, implying a possible nucleic acid-binding function. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 30 TC 127 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 24 IS 2 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(92)90008-W PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA JD514 UT WOS:A1992JD51400008 PM 1529644 ER PT J AU SIDLE, RC AF SIDLE, RC TI A THEORETICAL-MODEL OF THE EFFECTS OF TIMBER HARVESTING ON SLOPE STABILITY SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LANDSLIDE; RAINFALL; AREA AB An infinite slope stability model is proposed which incorporates changes in root cohesion and vegetation surcharge through several timber management cycles along with the stochastic influence of rainfall on pore water pressure. Recovery of rooting strength and tree surcharge following timber harvest are simulated by a sigmoid relationship, while root deterioration of harvested vegetation is described by an exponential decay function. The effects of long-term timber management on probability of failure are simulated by overlaying the impacts of a prior vegetation removal on a more recent removal. For each year the critical pore water pressure (u(crit)) needed to trigger slope failure is computed. An empirical function relating piezometric level to antecedent rainfall, storm intensity, and total precipitation is presented to assess the probability of occurrence of u(crit), based on historical rainfall records for a site in coastal Alaska. Simulations of probability of failure indicate that alternate thinnings and clear-cuts and clear-cuts alone produce less stable conditions than shelterwood harvesting systems and partial cuts. Repeated harvestign cycles with progressively shorter rotations, reduced regeneration potential on new vegetation, and destruction of understory vegetation during logging or site preparation can all increase the probability of failure. These analyses can provide land managers with options for acceptable vegetation management strategies on potentially unstable hillslopes. RP SIDLE, RC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,860 N 1200 E,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 44 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1897 EP 1910 DI 10.1029/92WR00804 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JC483 UT WOS:A1992JC48300015 ER PT J AU ALKHATIB, K BOYDSTON, R PARKER, R FUERST, EP AF ALKHATIB, K BOYDSTON, R PARKER, R FUERST, EP TI ATRAZINE PHYTOTOXICITY TO COMMON BEAN AND REDROOT PIGWEED UNDER DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ABSORPTION; DEGRADATION; D1 PROTEIN; HEAT STRESS; I50; KB; METABOLISM; PSII; TRANSLOCATION; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; AMARANTHUS-RETROFLEXUS L = AMARE ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; CHLOROPLAST THYLAKOIDS; FOLIAR PENETRATION; BINDING; PLANTS AB The basis for increased phytotoxicity of foliar-applied atrazine at high temperature in common bean and redroot pigweed was investigated. Plants were grown under low (15/10 C), medium (25/20 C), or high (35/30 C) temperature regimes. Atrazine absorption by plants grown under different temperatures increased with increasing temperatures in both species. Greater than 90% of absorbed atrazine remained in treated leaves and translocation was not altered by temperature in both species. Metabolism of atrazine by both hydroxylation and glutathione-conjugation was greater in plants grown at 35/30 than 15/10 C in both species. Foliar-applied atrazine reduced extractable photosystem II (PS II) activity as temperature increased in both species. Studies were also conducted on thylakoid membranes from plants not treated with atrazine. The 150 for atrazine inhibition of PS II decreased and affinity of atrazine binding to thylakoid membranes increased as temperature increased in both species. We concluded that the increased phytotoxicity of atrazine at high temperatures is caused by enhanced foliar absorption and greater affinity of atrazine for the binding site. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOILS,PULLMAN,WA 99163. RP ALKHATIB, K (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXT CTR,USDA ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 40 IS 3 BP 364 EP 370 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JQ666 UT WOS:A1992JQ66600004 ER PT J AU HART, SE SAUNDERS, JW PENNER, D AF HART, SE SAUNDERS, JW PENNER, D TI CHLORSULFURON-RESISTANT SUGAR-BEET - CROSS-RESISTANCE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL-BASIS OF RESISTANCE SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHLORIMURON; IMIDAZOLINONE; PRIMISULFURON; SULFONYLUREA; THIFENSULFURON; ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; TISSUE CULTURE ID SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; BEET BETA-VULGARIS; ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; TOBACCO; IMIDAZOLINONES; TRANSLOCATION; SULFOMETURON; ABSORPTION; METABOLISM; PLANTS AB Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted ucted to determine the extent of cross-resistance of chlorsulfuron-resistant sugarbeet (CR1-B) to other herbicides that inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS) and to determine the physiological basis of resistance. Cross-resistance to metsulfuron, imazaquin, and imazethapyr was not evident, while only marginal cross-resistance was observed to triasulfuron, DPX-L5300, and nicosulfuron. CRI-B was moderately resistant to chlorsulfuron and chlorimuron and was highly cross-resistant to thifensulfuron and primisulfuron. Further greenhouse studies demonstrated that CR1-B was not significantly injured by thifensulfuron and primisulfuron applied at or exceeding the field use rate. Studies with C-14-primisulfuron showed that differential absorption or metabolism of primisulfuron could not account for the observed resistance. ALS enzyme assays showed that the CR1-B ALS enzyme activity was 66, 26, and 13 times less sensitive to chlorsulfuron, thifensulfuron, and primisulfuron inhibition, respectively, compared to ALS enzyme extracted from sensitive sugarbeets. An altered ALS enzyme, which is less sensitive to sulfonylurea herbicide inhibition, appears to be the physiological basis of resistance. C1 USDA ARS,E LANSING,MI 48823. RP HART, SE (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 40 IS 3 BP 378 EP 383 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JQ666 UT WOS:A1992JQ66600006 ER PT J AU YENISH, JP DOLL, JD BUHLER, DD AF YENISH, JP DOLL, JD BUHLER, DD TI EFFECTS OF TILLAGE ON VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION AND VIABILITY OF WEED SEED IN SOIL SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GERMINATION; WEED ECOLOGY; NOTILLAGE; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE; POPULATION DYNAMICS; SEED BANK; CHEAL ID NEBRASKA AB The effect of different levels of titlage and weed management on population, distribution, and germination of weed seed was evaluated in three tillage systems at Arlington and Hancock, WI, in 1989 and 1990. Over 60% of all weed seed in the top 19 cm of soil were found in the top 1 cm in no-tillage at both sites. As depth increased, concentration of weed seed declined logarithmically in notillage. In chisel plowing, over 30% of seed were in the top 1 cm and seed concentration decreased linearly with depth. Moldboard plowing had uniform distribution of weed seed in the top 19 cm of soil. Preemergence metolachlor plus atrazine decreased weed seed population by 50% compared with no treatment over all tillage systems. One year of the herbicide treatment plus handweeding to assure weed-free conditions did not reduce seed numbers in chisel plowing or moldboard plowing compared to herbicide alone. Seed numbers with no-tillage and weed-free conditions decreased by 40% relative to herbicide alone. Common lambsquarters germination was 40% greater in moldboard plowing and chisel plowing compared with no-tillage. Germination was highest in seed taken from 9 to 19 cm deep in moldboard plowing and from 0 to 9 cm deep in chisel plowing. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55018. NR 19 TC 159 Z9 171 U1 2 U2 20 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 40 IS 3 BP 429 EP 433 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JQ666 UT WOS:A1992JQ66600015 ER PT J AU FLEMING, GF SIMMONS, FW WAX, LM WING, RE CARR, ME AF FLEMING, GF SIMMONS, FW WAX, LM WING, RE CARR, ME TI ATRAZINE MOVEMENT IN SOIL COLUMNS AS INFLUENCED BY STARCH-ENCAPSULATION AND ACRYLIC POLYMER ADDITIVES SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOIL COLUMNS; LEACHING; CONTROLLED RELEASE FORMULATIONS ID PESTICIDES AB Alternative herbicide formulations may have the potential to reduce atrazine leaching. This study was conducted to determine if starch-encapsulation produced using an extrusion process or several acrylic polymer additives reduced atrazine leaching in soil columns packed with Plainfield sand (98% sand and 0.7% organic matter). Three watering regimes were evaluated to determine the effects of water volume and rate of application on atrazine movement. When 7.6 cm of water (0.44-pore volumes) was applied over 2 h, polymer treatments reduced atrazine movement from the soil surface by 9 to 21% compared to atrazine without the additives. With increased water volume and time, the effectiveness of several polymer treatments diminished. Acrysol ASE-108 and G110 polymers (mixed with atrazine at a 1:1 ratio) most effectively reduced atrazine leaching over all watering regimes. Starch encapsulation was more effective than any polymer additive in retarding atrazine movement Increasing the water volume from 7.6 to 15.2 cm (0.88-pore volumes) did not increase leaching of starch-encapsulated atrazine. Ninety-nine percent of the starch-encapsulated atrazine was retained in the top 5 cm of the column compared to only 18 and 13 % of the dry flowable formulation (DF) when 0.44- and 0.88-pore volumes of water were applied over 2 and 4 h, respectively. When 0.88-pore volumes of water were applied over 12 d, 81% of the starch-encapsulated atrazine was retained in the upper 5 cm of the column compared to only 5% of the DF formulation of atrazine. This study indicates that starch encapsulation reduces atrazine movement to a greater extent than polymer additives and suggests that starch encapsulation may be an effective method of reducing atrazine leaching. C1 USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTIL RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP FLEMING, GF (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 18 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 40 IS 3 BP 465 EP 470 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JQ666 UT WOS:A1992JQ66600021 ER PT J AU ABBAS, HK BOYETTE, CD AF ABBAS, HK BOYETTE, CD TI PHYTOTOXICITY OF FUMONISIN B1 ON WEED AND CROP SPECIES SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY; NATURAL PRODUCT; FUNGAL PRODUCT; BIOHERBICIDE; MYCOTOXIN AB Fumonisin B1 (FB1) sprayed on intact jimsonweed plants at 10 to 200 mug ml-1 caused chlorosis and necrosis on three- to four-leaf plants and reduced their height and biomass. Excised leaves of jimsonweed were necrotic on both surfaces after treatment with FB1 at 10 to 200 mug ml-1. The degree of damage increased with the concentration of FB1. The minimum amount of FB1 that damaged excised leaves was 0.05 mug. The symptoms of toxicity on sensitive plants varied with concentration of FB1. Symptoms observed included: chlorosis (creeping cucumber), necrosis (jimsonweed and common sunflower), black leaf lesions (sicklepod), curl of tissues (soybean), stunting, defoliation (hemp sesbania and northern jointvetch), and death (prickly sida, spurred anoda, northern jointvetch, and jimsonweed). Monocots (barley, bermudagrass, com, johnsongrass, rice, sorghum, and wheat) were not visibly affected by FB1. This is the first evidence of the phytotoxic properties of fumonisin B1 against a wide variety of weeds and crop cultivars. RP ABBAS, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,S WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 6 IS 3 BP 548 EP 552 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JT447 UT WOS:A1992JT44700005 ER PT J AU SMART, JR MORTENSEN, DA ROETH, FW AF SMART, JR MORTENSEN, DA ROETH, FW TI CORN (ZEA-MAYS) RESPONSE TO POST-DIRECTED SETHOXYDIM UNDER IRRIGATED AND DRYLAND CONDITIONS SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CORN STRESS; HERBICIDE STRESS; TEMPERATURE; SETHOXYDIM AB Four com hybrids were evaluated for tolerance to sethoxydim at 110 and 220 kg ha-1 applied post-directed at two growth stages (V6-7 and V10-11). Dryland com grain yields did not respond to sethoxydim, while irrigated com yields were sensitive to sethoxydim treatments. Sethoxydim at 220 g ha-1 reduced the grain yield of hybrid 3377 by 12% at both growth stages. Sethoxydim at the same mte reduced grain yield of hybrid 3379 by 15% when applied to V6-7 com. Hybrid 3475 had an 11% grain yield reduction from sethoxydim applied at either dosage to VIO-11 com. Under irrigated conditions, a trend toward reduced grain yield was observed for hybrid 3183 at all application times and sethoxydim rates. Corn ear weights and kernel weights differed among hybrids but did not exhibit a response to sethoxydim within hybrids. Visual evaluation for crop injury and measured com heights did not indicate a response to sethoxydim. There was no yield response in any hybrid to 110 g ha-1 applied to V6-7 stage com indicating this treatment was safe to use on all hybrids evaluated. RP SMART, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 6 IS 3 BP 567 EP 572 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JT447 UT WOS:A1992JT44700008 ER PT J AU HARRISON, HF AF HARRISON, HF TI DEVELOPING HERBICIDE-TOLERANT CROP CULTIVARS - INTRODUCTION SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP HARRISON, HF (reprint author), USDA ARS, US VEGETABLE LAB, CHARLESTON, SC 29414 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X EI 1550-2740 J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 6 IS 3 BP 613 EP 614 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JT447 UT WOS:A1992JT44700018 ER PT J AU WAUCHOPE, RD DUFFY, MJ AF WAUCHOPE, RD DUFFY, MJ TI ROLE OF MODELING IN REGULATORY AFFAIRS - SYMPOSIUM PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE WEED SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEETINGS FEBRUARY 4, 1991, LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY - INTRODUCTION SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HERBICIDE - RESISTANT CROP CULTIVARS, AT THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WEED SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY FEB 06, 1991 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP WEED SCI SOC AMER RP WAUCHOPE, RD (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,NEMATODES WEEDS & CROPS RES,COASTAL PLAIN EXP STN,TIFTON,GA 31794, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 6 IS 3 BP 670 EP 672 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JT447 UT WOS:A1992JT44700029 ER PT J AU DECOURSEY, DG AF DECOURSEY, DG TI DEVELOPING MODELS WITH MORE DETAIL - DO MORE ALGORITHMS GIVE MORE TRUTH SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HERBICIDE - RESISTANT CROP CULTIVARS, AT THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WEED SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY FEB 06, 1991 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP WEED SCI SOC AMER DE RESEARCH MODELS; SCREENING MODELS; MODEL VALIDATION; SIMULATION SCALES; ASSESSMENT MODELS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; REGULATORY MODELS; MODEL UNCERTAINTY; MODEL STRUCTURE AB Do quasi-physically based models with more detail perform better than regression or other empirical models? This is a question that was raised many years ago and still remains. In an effort to respond to this question, the author reviews the needs and concerns of users and then divides the large number of models into three classes: (1) screening, (2) research, and (3) planning, monitoring, and assessment. Empirical and causal (physically based) models are contrasted and the advantages and disadvantages of each described. Sources of model uncertainty (properties of data bases, model structure, parameter estimation methods, algorithmic implementation, verification and validation, and future users) that lead to skepticism about models' performance are investigated. Simulation scale and spatial variability are also important considerations. The leading question is then discussed from the perspective of screening, research, and planning, monitoring, and regulatory models. RP DECOURSEY, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,HYDRO ECOSYST RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 6 IS 3 BP 709 EP 715 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JT447 UT WOS:A1992JT44700036 ER PT J AU LEONARD, RA TRUMAN, CC KNISEL, WG DAVIS, FM AF LEONARD, RA TRUMAN, CC KNISEL, WG DAVIS, FM TI PESTICIDE RUNOFF SIMULATIONS - LONG-TERM ANNUAL MEANS VS EVENT EXTREMES SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HERBICIDE - RESISTANT CROP CULTIVARS, AT THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WEED SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY FEB 06, 1991 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP WEED SCI SOC AMER DE WEATHER; CREAMS; GLEAMS; GUMBEL DISTRIBUTION; HERBICIDE AB The GLEAMS model (Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems) is used to illustrate model application in evaluating potential pesticide runoff of two similar pesticides from one soil. This limited application was chosen for simplicity in illustrating relationships between annual means and single events. When using annual totals of simulated pesticide runoff for comparing two pesticides or assessing risks, long-term 50-yr simulations are preferable to short 10-yr simulations. When short-term simulations are performed, care must be exercised in selecting representative climatic periods. For short half-life pesticides, as demonstrated in this study, initial rainfall events on or near the day of application will often contribute most to annual pesticide lost. In these cases, single event analysis may be required. Procedures are demonstrated for expressing annual total pesticide losses and single rainfall event losses probabilistically in terms of expected recurrence intervals. RP LEONARD, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 6 IS 3 BP 725 EP 730 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JT447 UT WOS:A1992JT44700038 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, JR RICHARDSON, CW GRIGGS, RH AF WILLIAMS, JR RICHARDSON, CW GRIGGS, RH TI THE WEATHER FACTOR - INCORPORATING WEATHER VARIANCE INTO COMPUTER-SIMULATION SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HERBICIDE - RESISTANT CROP CULTIVARS, AT THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WEED SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY FEB 06, 1991 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP WEED SCI SOC AMER DE PESTICIDE; MODEL; RAINFALL; HUMIDITY; CO2; ATRAZINE; CYANAZINE; DICAMBA; METOLACHLOR AB The effect of weather variation on pesticide losses was estimated with the Erosion-Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model. Weather variations had little effect on pesticide loss from a hypothetical site near Memphis, TN, but the effect was more dramatic and in the expected direction at Des Moines, IA. Atrazine losses at Des Moines were reduced by lowering relative humidity or rainfall intensity. Increasing the CO2 level from 300 to 660 ppm slightly increased atrazine losses. Results from these two sites are very limited and only serve to demonstrate modeling potential for addressing weather/pesticide problems. Further, more comprehensive studies are needed to better estimate pesticide loss sensitivity to weather variation. RP WILLIAMS, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 6 IS 3 BP 731 EP 735 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JT447 UT WOS:A1992JT44700039 ER PT J AU HERNER, AE AF HERNER, AE TI THE USDA-ARS PESTICIDE PROPERTIES DATABASE - A CONSENSUS DATA SET FOR MODELERS SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HERBICIDE - RESISTANT CROP CULTIVARS, AT THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WEED SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY FEB 06, 1991 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP WEED SCI SOC AMER DE SOLUBILITY; HENRYS LAW; VAPOR PRESSURE; SOIL SORPTION; PERSISTENCE; PESTICIDE; COMPUTER MODEL AB The ARS Pesticide Properties Database (PPD) is a compendium of chemical and physical properties of a collection of widely used pesticides. At present, there are 92 compounds in the database and we have focused on 19 of the most important properties impacting on groundwater and atmospheric quality. The PPD relies upon experimentally determined data points. With the help of the National Agricultural Chemicals Association (NACA) we have been communicating directly with manufacturers to obtain the original experimental data with which they characterize pesticide properties and fulfill requirements for federal and state regulations. This provides the basis for the PPD which is augmented with data from the scientific literature. Features of the PPD are: 1. 19 parameters are provided for each pesticide. 2. References are given for all data. 3. When there are several values for a given property, all are cited. 4. All data have been verified and provide the latest, most reliable figures available. RP HERNER, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 6 IS 3 BP 749 EP 752 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JT447 UT WOS:A1992JT44700042 ER PT J AU WAUCHOPE, RD AF WAUCHOPE, RD TI ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF PESTICIDES - IMPROVING SIMULATION-MODEL CREDIBILITY SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HERBICIDE - RESISTANT CROP CULTIVARS, AT THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WEED SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY FEB 06, 1991 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP WEED SCI SOC AMER DE REGISTRATION; REGULATION; PESTICIDE RUNOFF; PESTICIDE LEACHING; WATER QUALITY; NONPOINT POLLUTION AB Registrant use of computer simulation modeling is generally accepted by regulators in lieu of some experimental data for risk assessment, provided worst-case assumptions and extremely conservative criteria for negligible risk are used. These requirements taken together mean that only extreme cases escape the requirement for actual environmental data. This conservatism reflects the uncertainty in both exposure estimates by the models and in the hazard estimates from toxicologists. Until the credibility of estimated environmental concentrations given by models is improved by, more experimental data and experience on the part of both registrants and regulators, the models will continue to be considered not-validated by many. There are four current developments that provide a compromise between the two impossible extremes of total model validation and total field. measurement: (1) as models develop more process detail the parameters become more fundamental in nature and these are generally more amenable to independent estimation or measurement; (2) the reporting of probabilistic analyses and probable errors of results by modelers will enhance credibility; (3) the development of data sets for specific crop/site/pesticide/weather scenarios will allow users to modify those parts of the input they are concerned with while retaining confidence that parameters with which they are unfamiliar will have reasonable values; and (4) meso-scale and micro-scale physical simulation experiments can fill the gap between laboratory and field results. The most important need for enhancing model credibility is full access by the pesticide science community to all the information available, so that we may increase our understanding. Legal mechanisms should be considered for longer ownership of exclusive marketing rights of active ingredients, in exchange for complete public disclosure of the environmental fate and toxicology data submitted to regulatory agencies. RP WAUCHOPE, RD (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,NEMATODES WEEDS & CROPS RES,COASTAL PLAIN EXP STN,TIFTON,GA 31794, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1992 VL 6 IS 3 BP 753 EP 759 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JT447 UT WOS:A1992JT44700043 ER PT J AU MIQUELLE, DG PEEK, JM VANBALLENBERGHE, V AF MIQUELLE, DG PEEK, JM VANBALLENBERGHE, V TI SEXUAL SEGREGATION IN ALASKAN MOOSE SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; FEMALE RED DEER; DESERT MULE DEER; CERVUS-ELAPHUS; BIGHORN SHEEP; HABITAT USE; INTERIOR ALASKA; ENERGY EXPENDITURES; CALF MORTALITY; BODY-WEIGHT AB Sexual segregation patterns of Alaskan moose (Alces alces gigas) were documented in Denali National Park and Preserve (DNPP). Data on group composition, spatial distribution, habitat selection, social behavior, activity patterns, foraging ecology, and forage quality and quantity were collected to assess 9 hypotheses that have been proposed to explain sexual segregation in ungulates. Predictions for each hypothesis were compared to empirical observations of 4 sex-age classes (small males, large males, adult females without calves, adult females with calves). A factorial energy budget model was developed as an aid to assessing the importance of size dimorphism and variation in allocation of energy for reproduction. There were clear differences in spatial distribution of females with calves versus other sex-age classes in summer. Segregation in early summer appeared to be due to dimorphic predator avoidance strategies: female moose with calves remained solitary and preferred forested habitats whereas males selected habitats with high forage biomass. Solitary behavior of females and sexual segregation diminished through the summer as females lost calves. Aggregations of males in summer did not appear to be associated with assessment of dominance. Segregation was greatest in winter, but varied between the 2 winters of observation. Spatial segregation in the 1985 winter resulted from changes in spatial distribution of both sexes, but in 1986 it was due primarily to movements by males out of areas used by females. Male moose did not employ a female mimicry strategy in the postrut or winter seasons. There was no evidence that habitat selection by large males was dependent on availability of thermal cover. Rates of social interaction of males were low when in mixed groups in winter, suggesting that sociality and association with females imposed little cost to males. Segregation due to competition for resources appeared unlikely: the hypothesized differential competitive ability based on allometric relationships between body size and bite size was not supported for the data for moose, and availability of forage was relatively high, suggesting that competition for a limited resource was not occurring. Males may have segregated to lower the risk of predation, but patterns in spatial distribution, activity budgets, and foraging ecology appeared to be primarily the result of ecological and body size dimorphism. Results of the energy budget simulation model suggested that large males incurred greater energy costs than small males or females, due primarily to their greater size and lower fat reserves. Due to a greater energy deficit, large males faced a greater risk of starvation before the end of winter. During the severe winter in 1985, large males appeared to reduce energy expenditure by reducing activity levels, decreasing travel distances, increasing bite size, and selecting areas of high forage biomass. The seasonal pattern of energy expenditure associated with the life history strategy of mature male moose likely puts them at greater risk of winter mortality than other sex-age classes, which may partially explain the disparate sex ratio in DNPP. A generalized model to explain sexual segregation patterns based on ecological and body size dimorphism is presented. C1 US FOREST SERV,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501. RP MIQUELLE, DG (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,DEPT FISH & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 131 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0084-0173 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD JUL PY 1992 IS 122 BP 1 EP 57 PG 57 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA JE906 UT WOS:A1992JE90600001 ER PT J AU CHEN, GC AF CHEN, GC TI FUNGAL DECAY RESISTANCE AND DIMENSIONAL STABILITY OF LOBLOLLY-PINE REACTED WITH 1,6-DIISOCYANATOHEXANE SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Wood reacted with 1,6-diisocyanatohexane resisted fungal attack and had improved dimensional stability. At 25.8% chemical weight gain, the reacted wood had no weight loss by the brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum; at 20.9% and 23.8% chemical weight gains, the reacted wood had antishrink efficiencies (ASEs) of 58% and 61%, respectively, with a small loss of 3% ASE after four cycles of water swelling and drying treatment. At 26.1% chemical weight gain, the reacted wood lost 5.8% bonded diisocyanate in a 12-week soil-block decay test. Evidence of cross-linking between wood and 1,6-diisocyanatohexane was provided by the characteristic carbamate infrared absorption. In the absence of water, 1,6-diisocyanatohexane reacted with wood to form cross-linking wood as the only product; in the presence of water, diisocyanate reacted preferentially with water to form mainly ureas with a small amount of biurets. These chemicals were deposited in the cell lumen of wood. Water vapor sorption of wood reacted with 1,6-diisocyanatohexane indicated that the decay resistance of this modified wood is probably due to the inability of the modified cell wall of wood to absorb sufficient water to support decay. RP CHEN, GC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 24 IS 3 BP 307 EP 314 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA JG731 UT WOS:A1992JG73100009 ER PT J AU HAMMETT, AL CUBBAGE, FW LUPPOLD, WG AF HAMMETT, AL CUBBAGE, FW LUPPOLD, WG TI A LOGISTICAL REGRESSION-MODEL OF SOUTHERN HARDWOOD LUMBER EXPORT PARTICIPATION SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HARDWOOD LUMBER MANUFACTURERS; EXPORT MARKET PARTICIPATION; LOGISTICAL REGRESSION ID UNITED-STATES; BEHAVIOR AB A survey of nine hundred hardwood lumber manufacturers in seven southern states gathered information on mill production capabilities, marketing practices, equipment, and products. Models utilizing logistical regression were developed to assess mill characteristics and how they influence participation in export markets. Mill yearly rated production, lumber production of oak species, covered storage capacity, sales manager's education level, and public ownership all were found to have a positive influence on a mill's export participation. Sales to finished products manufacturers, production of grade three lumber, production of pallets or pallet parts, and private ownership were significant in inhibiting export participation. Expansion plans, number of species sawn, age of sales manager, and importance of sales calls to marketing effort were all found not to be significant predictors of hardwood lumber mills' export participation, or lack thereof. C1 SE FOREST EXPT STN,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NE FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,PRINCETON,WV 24740. RP HAMMETT, AL (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DB WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 24 IS 3 BP 315 EP 329 PG 15 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA JG731 UT WOS:A1992JG73100010 ER PT J AU CLEMONS, C YOUNG, RA ROWELL, RM AF CLEMONS, C YOUNG, RA ROWELL, RM TI MOISTURE SORPTION PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE BOARDS FROM ESTERIFIED ASPEN FIBER SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ESTERIFICATION; ACETIC ANHYDRIDE; ASPEN; COMPOSITES ID THERMOPLASTICIZATION; WOOD AB One barrier to producing wood-plastic composites with wood fiber is the poor thermoplasticity of wood fiber. The objective of our study was to determine the plasticization of chemically modified wood fiber through tests on unmodified and esterified fiberboards. Attrition-milled aspen fiber was esterified with neat acetic, maleic, or succinic anhydride. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas liquid chromatography, and titrational methods were used to confirm derivatization and to characterize the end products of the esterification reaction. All anhydrides formed a simple monoester; succinic anhydride was found to be the most reactive anhydride with a molar gain of 6.0 mol anhydride per kilogram wood fiber. Gains of 4.5 and 2.0 mol anhydride per kilogram wood were found for fiber modified with acetic anhydride and maleic anhydride, respectively. Scanning electron micrographs of hot-pressed fiber mats indicated that esterification of the aspen fibers with maleic or succinic anhydride imparted thermoplasticity to the fibers, whereas acetylation did not affect thermal properties. Fiber modified with succinic anhydride appeared to exhibit the greatest thermoplasticity. Esterified fiber in fiberboards made with phenol-formaldehyde as an adhesive or combined with polypropylene to form polymer-wood fiber composites had reduced moisture sorption and reduced rate of swelling in liquid water. Polypropylene also imparted temporary water repellency to the fibers. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT FORESTRY,MADISON,WI 53706. RP CLEMONS, C (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 8 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 24 IS 3 BP 353 EP 363 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA JG731 UT WOS:A1992JG73100014 ER PT J AU NELSON, RM AF NELSON, RM TI WOOD IN THE STATIONARY STATE - ZERO ENTROPY GRADIENTS FOR WATER-VAPOR AND BOUND WATER SO WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB According to nonequilibrium thermodynamics, the local rate of entropy production is minimized for moist wood in the stationary state. Furthermore, the rate of entropy production due to moisture flow must be zero in this state. Conservation of energy applied to the steady flow of water vapor through an arbitrarily selected volume element of wood shows that the vapor entropy gradient is zero. Because the entropy production due to moisture flow must be balanced by a corresponding entropy flow away from the element, entropy gradients for bound water and water vapor are equal and the bound water entropy gradient also is zero. RP NELSON, RM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0043-7719 J9 WOOD SCI TECHNOL JI Wood Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 1992 VL 26 IS 5 BP 335 EP 342 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA JF013 UT WOS:A1992JF01300003 ER PT J AU WOLLENWEBER, E MANN, K ROITMAN, JN AF WOLLENWEBER, E MANN, K ROITMAN, JN TI A MYRICETIN TETRAMETHYL ETHER FROM THE LEAF AND STEM SURFACES OF TILLANDSIA-USNEOIDES SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Note DE TILLANDSIA-USNEOIDES; BROMELIACEAE; EXUDATE FLAVONOIDS; MYRICETIN-3,7,3',4'-TETRAMETHYL ETHER AB Myricetin-3,7,3',4'-tetramethyl ether has been isolated as an aglycone from the acetone wash of Tillandsia usneoides. It is thus shown to be deposited externally, on leaf and stem surfaces. We suggest that the previously reported lipophilic flavonoids from this and other species are also exudate constituents. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES LAB,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP WOLLENWEBER, E (reprint author), TH DARMSTADT,INST BOT,SCHNITTSPAHNSTR 3,W-6100 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD JUL-AUG PY 1992 VL 47 IS 7-8 BP 638 EP 639 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JL151 UT WOS:A1992JL15100025 ER PT J AU HUTCHENS, TW NELSON, RW LI, CM YIP, TT AF HUTCHENS, TW NELSON, RW LI, CM YIP, TT TI SYNTHETIC METAL-BINDING PROTEIN SURFACE DOMAINS FOR METAL ION-DEPENDENT INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY .1. ANALYSIS OF BOUND METAL-IONS BY MATRIX-ASSISTED UV-LASER DESORPTION TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT HONORARY SYMP ON THE OCCASION OF THE SEVENTIETH BIRTHDAY OF JERKER O PORATH : BIOCHEMICAL SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY CY JUN 16-19, 1991 CL UPPSALA, SWEDEN ID HISTIDINE-RICH GLYCOPROTEIN; HIGH-AFFINITY; SEQUENCE; SERUM AB To extend the analytical capabilities of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) for evaluation of biologically relevant peptide-metal ion interactions, we have prepared synthetic peptides representing metal-binding protein surface domains from the human plasma metal transport protein known as histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG). Three synthetic peptides, representing multiples of a 5-residue repeat sequence (Gly-His-His-Pro-His) from within the histidine- and proline-rich region of the C-terminal domain were prepared. Prior to immobilization, the synthetic peptides were evaluated for identity and sample homogeneity by matrix-assisted UV laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDTOF-MS), a method developed recently for the mass determination of high-molecular-mass biopolymers. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid was evaluated as a matrix to facilitate the laser desorption and ionization of intact peptides and was found to be ideally suited for determinations of mass within the low-mass region of interest (641.7 to 1772.8 dalton). We observed minimal chemical noise from photochemically generated peptide-matrix adduct signals, clustering, and multiply-charged peptide species. Peptides with bound sodium and potassium ions were observed; however, these signal intensities were reduced by immersion of the sample probe tip in water. Mixtures of the three different synthetic peptides were also evaluated by LDTOF-MS after their elution through a special immobilized peptide-metal ion column designed to investigate metal ion transfer. We found LDTOF-MS to be a useful new method to verify the presence of peptide-bound metal ions. Thus, LDTOF-MS is ideally suited for the rapid (3-5 min), sensitive (< 1 pmol), accurate (+/-0.05%), and relatively high resolution (m/DELTA-m = 300-500, full width at half maximum, where m = mass) evaluation of synthetic peptides. Further, LDTOF-MS was found to be an important tool for the characterization of peptide mixtures and peptide-metal ion interactions. C1 VESTEC CORP,HOUSTON,TX 77054. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP HUTCHENS, TW (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,1100 BATES,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JUN 26 PY 1992 VL 604 IS 1 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(92)85537-4 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JC599 UT WOS:A1992JC59900018 PM 1639921 ER PT J AU HUTCHENS, TW YIP, TT AF HUTCHENS, TW YIP, TT TI SYNTHETIC METAL-BINDING PROTEIN SURFACE DOMAINS FOR METAL ION-DEPENDENT INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY .2. IMMOBILIZATION OF SYNTHETIC METAL-BINDING PEPTIDES FROM METAL-ION TRANSPORT PROTEINS AS MODEL BIOACTIVE PROTEIN SURFACE DOMAINS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT HONORARY SYMP ON THE OCCASION OF THE SEVENTIETH BIRTHDAY OF JERKER O PORATH : BIOCHEMICAL SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY CY JUN 16-19, 1991 CL UPPSALA, SWEDEN ID HISTIDINE-RICH GLYCOPROTEIN; AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SERUM; ZINC; SEQUENCE; NICKEL; HEME AB This preliminary investigation tests the premise that biologically relevant (1) peptide-metal ion interactions, and (2) metal ion-dependent macromolecular recognition events (e.g., peptide-peptide interactions) may be modeled by biomimetic affinity chromatography. Divinylsulfone-activated agarose (6%) was used to immobilize three different synthetic peptides representing metal-binding protein surface domains from the human plasma metal transport protein histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG). The synthetic peptides represented 1-3 multiple repeat units of the 5-residue sequence (Gly-His-His-Pro-His) found in the C-terminal of HRG. By frontal analyses, immobilized HRG peptides of the type (GHHPH)(n)G, where n = 1-3, were each found to have a similar binding capacity for both Cu(II) ions and Zn(II) ions (31-38-mu-mol/ml gel). The metal ion-dependent interaction of a variety of model peptides with each of the immobilized HRG peptide affinity columns demonstrated differences in selectivity despite the similar internal sequence homology and metal ion binding capacity. The immobilized 11-residue HRG peptide was loaded with Cu(II) ions and used to demonstrate selective adsorption and isolation of proteins from human plasma. These results suggest that immobilized metal-binding peptides selected from known solvent-exposed protein surface metal-binding domains may be useful model systems to evaluate the specificity of biologically relevant metal ion-dependent interaction and transfer events in vitro. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP HUTCHENS, TW (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,100 BATES,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JUN 26 PY 1992 VL 604 IS 1 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(92)85538-5 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JC599 UT WOS:A1992JC59900019 PM 1639922 ER PT J AU YOON, KJ CARR, ME BAGLEY, EB AF YOON, KJ CARR, ME BAGLEY, EB TI REACTIVE EXTRUSION VS BATCH PREPARATION OF STARCH-G-POLYACRYLONITRILE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Acrylonitrile (AN) was graft polymerized onto unmodified cornstarch by a continuous reactive extrusion process and, for comparison, by a typical batch reaction process. The effect of AN/starch weight ratios, level of ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) initiator, starch in water concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time, and extruder screw speed in the reactive extrusion process was studied. Add-on, reaction efficiency, grafting frequency, weight average molecular weight (MW) and MW distribution of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and water absorbency of the saponified copolymers were determined. Processing times in the twin-screw extruder (ZSK) were 2-3 min, and total reaction time was about 7 min before reaction of the extruded material was terminated, compared to a reaction time of 2 h used in the typical batch procedure. The continuous reactive extrusion process was found to be a rapid and efficient means of preparing St-g-PAN with high add-on (% PAN of the grafted product). For example, 42% add-on was achieved within the 7-min reaction period using an AN/starch weight ratio of 1.0 (3.5% CAN, starch weight basis), as compared to 38-49% for the 2-h batch process (0.75-1.5 AN/starch ratio). Percentages of homopolymer of the copolymers were low for both extrusion and batch processes. Grafting frequencies were substantially higher while MWs were significantly lower for grafts from the extrusion process. Water absorbency of the saponified St-g-PAN products was somewhat greater for the products prepared by the batch process. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD PHYS CHEM RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUN 25 PY 1992 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1093 EP 1100 DI 10.1002/app.1992.070450619 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA HV699 UT WOS:A1992HV69900019 ER PT J AU NYHUS, KJ IKEUCHI, M INOUE, Y WHITMARSH, J PAKRASI, HB AF NYHUS, KJ IKEUCHI, M INOUE, Y WHITMARSH, J PAKRASI, HB TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PHOTOSYSTEM-I COMPLEX FROM THE FILAMENTOUS CYANOBACTERIUM ANABAENA-VARIABILIS ATCC-29413 SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENTIRE PRECURSOR POLYPEPTIDES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SUBUNIT-II; SPINACH; CHLOROPHYLL; GENE; P700; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; IDENTIFICATION AB A photoactive photosystem I complex has been purified from the filamentous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413. Cells were broken using glass beads, and the membrane fraction was solubilized with beta-dodecyl maltoside followed by two rounds of fast protein liquid chromatography on anion exchange columns. The polypeptide composition of the isolated complex was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the fractionated proteins. The purified complex consists of at least 11 proteins, identified as the PsaA, PsaB, PsaC, PsaD, PsaE, PsaF, PsaI, PsaJ, PsaK, PsaL, and PsaN proteins. The spectrum of the flash-induced absorbance change measured between 670 and 830 nm shows that the purified complex contains 99 +/- 11 chlorophyll alpha-molecules per P700, the primary donor in photosystem I. The kinetics of the rereduction of oxidized P700 following an actinic flash indicate that forward electron transfer from P700 to the F(A)/F(B) iron-sulfur center acceptors is functional in the isolated complex. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV, DEPT BIOL, PLANT BIOL PROGRAM, ST LOUIS, MO 63130 USA. INST PHYS & CHEM RES, SOLAR ENERGY RES GRP, WAKO, SAITAMA 35101, JAPAN. UNIV ILLINOIS, USDA ARS, PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT PLANT BIOL, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 41841] NR 47 TC 23 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 25 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 18 BP 12489 EP 12495 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HZ483 UT WOS:A1992HZ48300020 PM 1618755 ER PT J AU HUTCHINSON, GL BRAMS, EA AF HUTCHINSON, GL BRAMS, EA TI NO VERSUS N2O EMISSIONS FROM AN NH-4+-AMENDED BERMUDA GRASS PASTURE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE PRODUCTION; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; NITRIC-OXIDE; NITRIFIERS; DENITRIFIERS; FLUXES; SYSTEM; SOILS AB We used an enclosure technique to monitor soil NO and N2O emissions during early summer regrowth of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) on sandy loam in a humid, subtropical region of southern Texas. The evolution of both gases was substantially higher from plots harvested at the beginning of the experiment and fertilized 5 days later with 52 kg N ha-1 as (NH4)2SO4 than from plots not harvested or fertilized. Emission of NO, but not N2O, was stimulated by clipping and removing the grass, probably because eliminating the shading provided by the dense grass canopy changed these plots from cooler to warmer than unharvested plots, thereby stimulating the activity of soil microorganisms responsible for NO production. Neither gas flux was significantly affected by application of N until the next rainfall dissolved and moved the surface-applied fertilizer into the soil. Immediately thereafter, emissions of NO and N2O increased dramatically to peaks of 160 and 12 g N ha-1 d-1 respectively, and then declined at rates that closely paralleled the nitrification rate of added NH4+, indicating that the gases resulted from the activity of nitrifying microorganisms, rather than denitrifiers. Nitric oxide emissions during the 9-week measurement period averaged 7.2 times greater than N2O emissions and accounted for 3.2% of the added N. The data indicate that humid, subtropical grasslands, which not only have large geographical extent but also have been subject to intense anthropogenic disturbance, contribute significantly to the global atmospheric NOx budget. C1 PRAIRIE VIEW A&M UNIV, COOPERAT AGR RES CTR, PRAIRIE VIEW, TX 77446 USA. RP HUTCHINSON, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB E, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA. NR 32 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D9 BP 9889 EP 9896 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JA769 UT WOS:A1992JA76900011 ER PT J AU BECNEL, JJ AF BECNEL, JJ TI HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION AND SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF AMBLYOSPORA-CALIFORNICA (MICROSPORIDA, AMBLYOSPORIDAE) IN THE INTERMEDIATE AND DEFINITIVE HOSTS SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article ID MOSQUITO AEDES-CANTATOR; CULEX-ANNULIROSTRIS; CONNECTICUS MICROSPORIDA; ACANTHOCYCLOPS-VERNALIS; LIFE-CYCLE; SP-NOV; COPEPOD; CULICIDAE; MICROSCOPE; PARASITE AB Amblyospora californica (type species) was transmiitted horizontally by feeding meiospores from larvae of Culex tarsalis (definitive host) to the copepod Macrocyclops albidus (a new intermediate host) and, conversely, by feeding spores produced in adult copepods to larval mosquitoes. Key features of the developmental sequence resulting from the 2 transmissions were demonstrated with both light and electron microscopy. Development in the copepod started with uninucleate sporoplasms from the ingested meiospores, included merogony by binary division of uninucleate meronts, sporogony by binary (usually) or multiple division and production of uninucleate-lanceolate spores within individual envelopes. Development in the mosquito began with uninucleate sporoplasms from the ingested lanceolate spores, included a first merogony (gametogony), plasmogamy, nuclear association, a second merogony and disporous sporulation with the production of Nosema-like spores in the adult female. This female represents a parental generation that transmits the infection transovarially (vertically) to male and female progeny. By combining results of this study with published data on development in filial generation mosquitoes, it was possible to outline the complete life cycle. RP BECNEL, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 31 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUN 18 PY 1992 VL 13 IS 1 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.3354/dao013017 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA JA855 UT WOS:A1992JA85500002 ER PT J AU KAPER, JM AF KAPER, JM TI SCIENCE POPULARITY STAKES SO NATURE LA English DT Letter RP KAPER, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 18 PY 1992 VL 357 IS 6379 BP 531 EP 531 DI 10.1038/357531a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HZ112 UT WOS:A1992HZ11200016 PM 1608460 ER PT J AU STILLER, D AF STILLER, D TI BIOTECHNOLOGY - A NEW APPROACH TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL OF TICK-BORNE HEMOPARASITIC DISEASES SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CLONED DNA PROBE; ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE; THEILERIA-PARVA; BABESIA-BOVIS; HYBRIDIZATION; AMPLIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; INFECTION; DIVERSITY RP STILLER, D (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO, DEPT ANIM & VET SCI, USDA ARS, ANIM DIS RES UNIT, MOSCOW, ID 83843 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PD JUN 16 PY 1992 VL 653 BP 19 EP 25 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM564 UT WOS:A1992JM56400004 ER PT J AU CROM, RL AF CROM, RL TI ERADICATION OF BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS (ACARI, IXODIDAE) IN PUERTO-RICO SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CATTLE TICK C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,SAN PUERTO,PR 00936. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD JUN 16 PY 1992 VL 653 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb19630.x PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM564 UT WOS:A1992JM56400009 PM 1626894 ER PT J AU FIGUEROA, JV CHIEVES, LP BYERS, PE FRERICHS, WM BUENING, GM AF FIGUEROA, JV CHIEVES, LP BYERS, PE FRERICHS, WM BUENING, GM TI EVALUATION OF A DNA-BASED PROBE FOR THE DETECTION OF CATTLE EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH BABESIA-BIGEMINA SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INVITRO CULTIVATION; BOVIS; PURIFICATION C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP FIGUEROA, JV (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD JUN 16 PY 1992 VL 653 BP 131 EP 145 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb19636.x PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM564 UT WOS:A1992JM56400015 PM 1626862 ER PT J AU AHL, AS MILLER, DA BARTLETT, PC AF AHL, AS MILLER, DA BARTLETT, PC TI LEPTOSPIRA SEROLOGY IN SMALL RUMINANTS ON ST-CROIX, UNITED-STATES VIRGIN-ISLANDS SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT LARGE ANIM CLIN SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP AHL, AS (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,RISK ANAL SECT,6505 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD JUN 16 PY 1992 VL 653 BP 168 EP 171 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb19640.x PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM564 UT WOS:A1992JM56400019 PM 1626866 ER PT J AU HAYUNGA, EG SUMNER, MP DUNCAN, JF CHAKRABARTI, EK WEBERT, DW AF HAYUNGA, EG SUMNER, MP DUNCAN, JF CHAKRABARTI, EK WEBERT, DW TI PRODUCTION OF ANTIIDIOTYPIC ANTIBODIES AS POTENTIAL IMMUNOREAGENTS FOR THE SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF BOVINE CYSTICERCOSIS SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HYDROPHOBIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CYST FLUID; TAENIA C1 KIRKEGAARD & PERRY LABS INC,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20879. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PREVENT MED & BIOMETR,DIV TROP PUBL HLTH,BETHESDA,MD 20814. USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,DIV PATHOL & SEROL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HAYUNGA, EG (reprint author), NIH,DIV RES GRANTS,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD JUN 16 PY 1992 VL 653 BP 178 EP 183 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb19642.x PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM564 UT WOS:A1992JM56400021 PM 1626868 ER PT J AU SHAW, J AF SHAW, J TI SENTINEL HERD STUDY OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS IN PUERTO-RICO - PRELIMINARY-RESULTS, JANUARY 1991 SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article RP SHAW, J (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,ARECIBO STN,POB 494,ARECIBO,PR 00613, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD JUN 16 PY 1992 VL 653 BP 194 EP 196 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb19645.x PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM564 UT WOS:A1992JM56400024 PM 1320840 ER PT J AU WALTON, TE HOLBROOK, FR BOLIVARRAYA, R FERRERROMERO, J ORTEGA, MD AF WALTON, TE HOLBROOK, FR BOLIVARRAYA, R FERRERROMERO, J ORTEGA, MD TI VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS AND AFRICAN HORSE SICKNESS - CURRENT STATUS AND REVIEW SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID MORPHOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; TAXONOMIC GROUP; ARBOVIRUSES C1 CONSEJERIA AGR & PESCA,DIRECC GEN AGR GANADERIA & MONTES,SERV SANIDAD ANIM,SEVILLE,SPAIN. RP WALTON, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD JUN 16 PY 1992 VL 653 BP 217 EP 227 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb19650.x PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM564 UT WOS:A1992JM56400029 PM 1626875 ER PT J AU HOUSE, C HOUSE, JA MEBUS, CA AF HOUSE, C HOUSE, JA MEBUS, CA TI A REVIEW OF AFRICAN HORSE SICKNESS WITH EMPHASIS ON SELECTED VACCINES SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article RP HOUSE, C (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD JUN 16 PY 1992 VL 653 BP 228 EP 232 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb19651.x PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM564 UT WOS:A1992JM56400030 PM 1626876 ER PT J AU HOUSE, JA TURELL, MJ MEBUS, CA AF HOUSE, JA TURELL, MJ MEBUS, CA TI RIFT-VALLEY FEVER - PRESENT STATUS AND RISK TO THE WESTERN-HEMISPHERE SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VECTOR COMPETENCE; EGYPT 1977-78; SAND FLY; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; TEMPERATURE; DIPTERA; VACCINE; EPIDEMIC; SPREAD C1 USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,FT DETRICK,FREDERICK,MD 21701. RP HOUSE, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,NATL VET SERV LABS,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 63 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD JUN 16 PY 1992 VL 653 BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb19652.x PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM564 UT WOS:A1992JM56400031 PM 1626877 ER PT J AU GIBBS, EPJ HOMAN, EJ MO, CL GREINER, EC GONZALEZ, J THOMPSON, LH OVEIDO, MT WALTON, TE YUILL, TM AF GIBBS, EPJ HOMAN, EJ MO, CL GREINER, EC GONZALEZ, J THOMPSON, LH OVEIDO, MT WALTON, TE YUILL, TM TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BLUETONGUE VIRUSES IN THE AMERICAN TROPICS SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE; SEROLOGICAL SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; CATTLE; ANTIBODY; SEROTYPE-2; RUMINANTS; COUNTRIES; FLORIDA; SHEEP C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH VET MED,MADISON,WI 53706. ORGANISMO INT REG SANIDAD AGROPECUARIA,SAN JOSE,COSTA RICA. USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP GIBBS, EPJ (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,COLL VET MED,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610, USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD JUN 16 PY 1992 VL 653 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb19653.x PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM564 UT WOS:A1992JM56400032 PM 1320841 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, JC KOCAN, KM AHL, AS KAKOMA, I GIBBS, EPJ AF WILLIAMS, JC KOCAN, KM AHL, AS KAKOMA, I GIBBS, EPJ TI 1ST BIENNIAL CONFERENCE OF THE AMERICAN-SOCIETY-OF TROPICAL-VETERINARY-MEDICINE WHICH WAS HELD BY THE AMERICAN-SOCIETY-OF-TROPICAL-VETERINARY-MEDICINE ON FEBRUARY 5-8, 1991 IN SAN-JUAN, PUERTO-RICO - PREFACE SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DEPT INTRACELLULAR PATHOGENS,DIV BACTERIOL,FREDERICK,MD 21701. NIAID,OFF SCI DIRECTOR,BETHESDA,MD 20892. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,RISK ANAL SECT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. UNIV FLORIDA,COLL VET MED,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD JUN 16 PY 1992 VL 653 BP R11 EP R12 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb19622.x PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JM564 UT WOS:A1992JM56400001 ER PT J AU DOWD, MK ZENG, J FRENCH, AD REILLY, PJ AF DOWD, MK ZENG, J FRENCH, AD REILLY, PJ TI CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS OF THE ANOMERIC FORMS OF KOJIBIOSE, NIGEROSE, AND MALTOSE USING MM3 SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; FORCE-FIELD; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TRIMETHYLSILYL DISACCHARIDES; INCLUSION COMPLEXES; PROGRAM MM2; D-GLUCOSE; MECHANICS; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; CELLOBIOSE AB Energy surfaces were computed for relative orientations of the relaxed pyranosyl rings of the two anomeric forms of kojibiose. nigerose. and maltose. the (1 --> 2)-alpha-, (1 --> 3)-alpha-, and (1 --> 4)-alpha-linked D-glucosyl disaccharides. respectively. Twenty-four combinations of starting conformations of the rotatable side-groups were considered for each disaccharide. Optimized structures were calculated using MM3 on a 20-degrees grid spacing of the torsional angles about the glycosidic bonds. The energy surfaces of the six disaccharides were similar in many respects but differed in detail within the low-energy regions. The maps also illustrate the importance of the exo-anomeric effect and linkage type in determining the conformational flexibility of disaccharides. Torsional conformations of known crystal structures of maltosyl-containing molecules lie in a lower MM3 energy range than previously reported. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT CHEM ENGN, AMES, IA 50011 USA. USDA, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 39 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD JUN 16 PY 1992 VL 230 IS 2 BP 223 EP 244 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(92)84035-Q PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA JB607 UT WOS:A1992JB60700003 PM 1394298 ER PT J AU RENDLEMAN, JA AF RENDLEMAN, JA TI ENHANCED PRODUCTION OF CYCLOMALTOOCTAOSE (GAMMA-CYCLODEXTRIN) THROUGH SELECTIVE COMPLEXATION WITH C-12 CYCLIC-COMPOUNDS SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE; STARCH AB Enhanced yields of cyclomaltooctaose (gamma-cyclodextrin, gamma-CD) were produced by treating, incrementally, starch or maltooligosaccharide mixtures of dpBAR 22 with Bacillus macerans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.19) in the presence of cyclododecanone, cyclododecanol, cyclododecanemethanol, cyclododecyl methyl ether, and cyclododecane. Maximum yields achieved through use of these complexants were 50, 32, 26, 34, and 17%, respectively. Cyclododecene, N-cyclododecylacetamide, and C-11 cyclic compounds favored production of beta-CD. Complexants were removed from their CD complexes either by azeotropic distillation or by ether extraction from aqueous media at high pH. RP RENDLEMAN, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD JUN 16 PY 1992 VL 230 IS 2 BP 343 EP 359 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(92)84043-R PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA JB607 UT WOS:A1992JB60700011 ER PT J AU DORSEY, JG FOLEY, JP COOPER, WT BARFORD, RA BARTH, HG AF DORSEY, JG FOLEY, JP COOPER, WT BARFORD, RA BARTH, HG TI LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY - THEORY AND METHODOLOGY SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID REVERSED-PHASE HPLC; CHIRAL STATIONARY PHASE; HYDROPHOBIC-INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; COMPUTER-ASSISTED OPTIMIZATION; ALKYL-BONDED PHASES; PERFORMANCE ADSORPTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLUORESCENCE DERIVATIZATION REAGENT; AUTOMATED PRECOLUMN DERIVATIZATION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS C1 VILLANOVA UNIV, DEPT CHEM, VILLANOVA, PA 19085 USA. FLORIDA STATE UNIV, DEPT CHEM, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32306 USA. USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. DUPONT CO, DEPT CENT RES & DEV, EXPTL STN, WILMINGTON, DE 19880 USA. UNIV CINCINNATI, DIV ANALYT, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA. FLORIDA STATE UNIV, CTR BIOMED & TOXICOL RES, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32306 USA. RP UNIV CINCINNATI, DEPT CHEM, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA. NR 1112 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 1992 VL 64 IS 12 BP R353 EP R389 PG 37 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HZ518 UT WOS:A1992HZ51800020 PM 1626705 ER PT J AU JENSEN, NS CASEY, TA STANTON, TB AF JENSEN, NS CASEY, TA STANTON, TB TI CHARACTERIZATION OF SERPULINA (TREPONEMA) HYODYSENTERIAE AND RELATED INTESTINAL SPIROCHETES BY RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE RESTRICTION PATTERNS SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE SERPULINA-HYODYSENTERIAE; TREPONEMA-HYODYSENTERIAE; SWINE DYSENTERY; RIBOTYPING; SPIROCHETE; RFLP ANALYSIS ID ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; COMPLEMENTARY; SEROTYPES; BACTERIA; SYSTEM; DNA AB Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae strain A-1 partially purified rRNA, labelled with photobiotin, was used as a non-radioactive probe to identify the rRNA gene restriction patterns of S. hyodysenteriae strains and other spirochetes. Sau3A restriction enzyme digests resulted in similar rRNA gene restriction patterns in S. hyodysenteriae strains from five different countries. Some S. hyodysenteriae strains could be differentiated by variations in their rRNA gene restriction patterns after cleavage of DNA by restriction enzymes SspI or BglII. S. innocens and Treponema succinifaciens, non-pathogenic pig intestinal spirochetes, had rRNA gene restriction patterns that differed markedly from the S. hyodysenteriae patterns, and from each other. RP JENSEN, NS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 1992 VL 93 IS 3 BP 235 EP 242 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HZ441 UT WOS:A1992HZ44100006 ER PT J AU LABEDA, DP AF LABEDA, DP TI DNA-DNA HYBRIDIZATION IN THE SYSTEMATICS OF STREPTOMYCES SO GENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON BIOLOGY OF ACTINOMYCETES ( ISBA-8 ) CY AUG 11-16, 1991 CL UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI SP ABBOTT LABS, BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB, ELI LILLY RES LABS, FARMITALIA CARLO ERBA, GLAXO, KYOWA HAKKO FERMENTAT, LEPETIT MERRELL DOW RES CTR, MERCK SHARP & DOHME RES LABS, PANLABS, FUJISAWA PHARM HO UNIV WISCONSIN DE ACTINOMYCETE TAXONOMY; DNA RELATEDNESS; SPECIES CONCEPT ID ACID; GENERA AB The DNA relatedness among strains in several different phenotypically defined Streptomyces species clusters was evaluated. It was found that the data from DNA-relatedness studies do not necessarily agree with the clustering generated using numerical taxonomic techniques. A study of the morphologically heterogeneous 'S. cyaneus' cluster showed that morphological criteria traditionally used to classify and identify Streptomyces species still have value, since strains in DNA-relatedness cluster groups were also similar morphologically (i.e., they had similar spore color, surface properties, and sporophore morphology). An evaluation of DNA relatedness among strains in the S. violaceusniger and S. lavendulae clusters indicated that, if anything, the genus is underspeciated, based on the number of single-member clusters observed. A study of strains of the sweet potato pathogen, S. ipomoea, collected in various locations in the United States and Japan indicated, not surprisingly, that all of the strains belong to the same species. RP LABEDA, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD JUN 15 PY 1992 VL 115 IS 1-2 BP 249 EP 253 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90566-8 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA JB681 UT WOS:A1992JB68100035 PM 1612444 ER PT J AU KALINSKI, A MELROY, DL DWIVEDI, RS HERMAN, EM AF KALINSKI, A MELROY, DL DWIVEDI, RS HERMAN, EM TI A SOYBEAN VACUOLAR PROTEIN (P34) RELATED TO THIOL PROTEASES IS SYNTHESIZED AS A GLYCOPROTEIN PRECURSOR DURING SEED MATURATION SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VIGNA-MUNGO SEEDS; REGULATED CYSTEINE PROTEINASE; BARLEY ALEURONE LAYERS; RAT CATHEPSIN-L; DICTYOSTELIUM-DISCOIDEUM; CONCANAVALIN-A; OIL-BODIES; SULFHYDRYL-ENDOPEPTIDASE; VICILIN PEPTIDOHYDROLASE; GLYCOSYLATED PRECURSOR AB We have examined the synthesis, posttranslational processing, and localization of soybean P34, a member of the papain superfamily. P34 has been identified as a constituent of oil storage organelles or oil bodies isolated from seed lysates and has been assumed to be one of the oil body proteins. Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry with a monoclonal antibody demonstrated that P34 is localized in the protein storage vacuoles but not in the oil bodies. Immunocytochemical observations of partially disrupted seed cells showed that the association of P34 with oil bodies appears to occur as a consequence of cell lysis. In vitro synthesis of P34 results in the formation of a 46-kDa polypeptide that increases to 47 kDa due to core glycosylation by canine microsomes. In vivo synthesis studies in the presence and absence of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation, indicate that pro-P34 is 47 kDa. Since the cDNA sequence of prepro-P34 contains a single putative glycosylation site in the precursor domain, we conclude that P34, like a few other vacuolar proteins, is synthesized as a glycoprotein precursor. Pulse-chase experiments showed that the processing of pro-P34 to mature P34 occurs in a single step and that this posttranslational cleavage occurs on the carboxyl side of an Asn, which is typical of seed vacuolar proteins. Pro-P34 (47 kDa) is detected in immunoblots of maturing seeds. Analysis of RNA indicates that the P34 genes are expressed only during seed maturation and that the P34 mRNA is related to other thiol protease mRNAs detectable in other organs and plants. Unlike other seed thiol proteases that are synthesized only after seed germination, P34 accumulates during seed maturation. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. HOWARD UNIV,DEPT BOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. NR 52 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 17 BP 12068 EP 12076 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HY947 UT WOS:A1992HY94700065 PM 1601876 ER PT J AU ROLIN, DB PFEFFER, PE OSMAN, SF SZWERGOLD, BS KAPPLER, F BENESI, AJ AF ROLIN, DB PFEFFER, PE OSMAN, SF SZWERGOLD, BS KAPPLER, F BENESI, AJ TI STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF A PHOSPHOCHOLINE SUBSTITUTED BETA-(1,3),(1,6) MACROCYCLIC GLUCAN FROM BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM USDA-110 SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE CYCLIC GLUCAN; PHOSPHOCHOLINE; NMR; (B-JAPONICUM) ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; (1->2)-BETA-D-GLUCANS; CONFORMATION; VIRULENCE; TRIFOLII AB In our previous in vivo P-31 study of intact nitrogen-fixing nodules (Rolin, D.B., Boswell, R.T., Sloger. C., Tu, S.I. and Pfeffer, P.E., 1989 Plant Physiol. 89, 1238-1246), we observed an unknown phosphodiester. Thc compound was also observed in the spectra of isolated bacteroids as well as extracts of the colonizing Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110. In order to characterize the phosphodiester in the present study, we took advantage of thc relatively hydrophobic nature of the material and purified it by elution from a C-18 silica reverse-phase chromatography column followed by final separation on an aminopropyl silica HPLC column. Structural characterization of this compound with a molecular weight of 2271 (FAB mass spectrometry), using C-13-H-1 and P-31-H-1 heteronuclear 2D COSY and double quantum 2D phase sensitive homonuclear H-1 COSY NMR spectra. demonstrated that thc molecule contained beta-(1,3); beta-(1,6); beta-(1,3,6) and beta-linked non-reducing terminal glucose units in the ratio of 5:6:1:1, respectively, as well as one C-6 substituted phosphocholine (PC) moiety associated with one group of (1,3) beta-glucose residues. Carbohydrate degradation analysis indicated that this material was a macrocyclic glucan, (absence of a reducing end group) with two separated units containing three consecutively linked beta-(1,3) glucose residues and 6 beta-(1,6) glucose residues. The sequences of beta-(1,3)-linked glucose units contained a single non-reducing, terminal, unsubstituted glucose linked at the C-6 position and a PC group attached primarily to an unsubstituted C-6 position of a beta-(1,3)-linked glucose. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PLANT & SOIL BIOPHYS UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,UNIV PK,PA 16802. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-06927, CA-41078] NR 29 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3002 J9 BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA PD JUN 12 PY 1992 VL 1116 IS 3 BP 215 EP 225 DI 10.1016/0304-4165(92)90014-L PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA JB338 UT WOS:A1992JB33800001 PM 1610877 ER PT J AU CANE, DE YANG, GH COATES, RM PYUN, HJ HOHN, TM AF CANE, DE YANG, GH COATES, RM PYUN, HJ HOHN, TM TI TRICHODIENE SYNTHASE - SYNERGISTIC INHIBITION BY INORGANIC PYROPHOSPHATE AND AZA ANALOGS OF THE BISABOLYL CATION SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ENERGY INTERMEDIATE; ENZYMATIC CYCLIZATION; FUSARIUM-SPOROTRICHIOIDES; NEROLIDYL PYROPHOSPHATE; (-)-LINALYL PYROPHOSPHATE; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; FARNESYL PYROPHOSPHATE; SQUALENE SYNTHETASE; FORCE-FIELD; BIOSYNTHESIS AB A series of aza analogs of the bisabolyl and alpha-terpinyl cations were tested as inhibitors of the sesquiterpene cyclase, trichodiene synthase. Both (R)- and (S)-16 and (R)- and (S)-13 as well as trimethylamine were only weak inhibitors when incubated alone. In the presence of inorganic pyrophosphate, itself a known competitive inhibitor of trichodiene synthase, all five amines showed strong cooperative competitive inhibition with an enhancement factor estimated to be 10-40. The apparent induced inhibition constant alpha-K(j) decreased in going from trimethylamine to the monoterpene analogs 13 and was strongest for the sesquiterpene analogs 16, indicating that both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions are important in the binding of each intermediate analog. The cyclase showed little discrimination, however, between the individual enantiomers of each inhibitor. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,SCH CHEM SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP CANE, DE (reprint author), BROWN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BOX H,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912, USA. NR 60 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JUN 5 PY 1992 VL 57 IS 12 BP 3454 EP 3462 DI 10.1021/jo00038a040 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA HX971 UT WOS:A1992HX97100040 ER PT J AU PLOWMAN, RD AF PLOWMAN, RD TI ARS COMMITMENT TO FEEDING PEOPLE SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material RP PLOWMAN, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200001 ER PT J AU WOOD, M AF WOOD, M TI MICROBE BLOWS THOSE HORNWORMS AWAY SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP WOOD, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 4 EP 7 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200002 ER PT J AU CORLISS, J AF CORLISS, J TI POTATO CHIPPERS SEE ORANGE SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP CORLISS, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200003 ER PT J AU WOOD, M AF WOOD, M TI VITAMIN-C SHORTAGE UNDERMINES ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE SYSTEM SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP WOOD, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200004 ER PT J AU COMIS, D AF COMIS, D TI MIRACLE MOSS - ADD WATER AND WATCH IT GROW SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP COMIS, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 10 EP 11 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200005 ER PT J AU COMIS, D AF COMIS, D TI PROBING FOR STRESS-TOLERANT PLANTS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP COMIS, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200006 ER PT J AU MAZZOLA, V AF MAZZOLA, V TI BRUISING IN TOMATOES SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP MAZZOLA, V (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200007 ER PT J AU DEQUATTRO, J AF DEQUATTRO, J TI ARS HOSTS INSTITUTE-FOR-HIGHER-LEARNING - ABOUT ALFALFA SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP DEQUATTRO, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200008 ER PT J AU STANLEY, D AF STANLEY, D TI MYSTERIES OF RIPENING SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP STANLEY, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 16 EP 17 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200009 ER PT J AU KINZEL, B AF KINZEL, B TI COCOA BUTTER FROM COTTONSEED OIL SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP KINZEL, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 18 EP 19 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200010 ER PT J AU HARDIN, B AF HARDIN, B TI CORN PEST LOGS THOUSANDS OF FREQUENT FLYER MILES SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP HARDIN, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 20 EP 23 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200011 ER PT J AU GERRIETTS, M AF GERRIETTS, M TI WORMWOOD - A NEW CROP TO COMBAT MALARIA SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP GERRIETTS, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 24 EP 25 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200012 ER PT J AU GERRIETTS, M AF GERRIETTS, M TI FUNGAL DISEASES, BEWARE SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP GERRIETTS, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 26 EP 28 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200013 ER PT J AU GERRIETTS, M AF GERRIETTS, M TI WORLDS LARGEST COLLECTION OF MOLDS, YEASTS, AND BACTERIA SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP GERRIETTS, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200014 ER PT J AU COMIS, D AF COMIS, D TI SHOCK-WAVES MAP CHEMICAL SHORTCUTS TO GROUNDWATER SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Letter RP COMIS, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200016 ER PT J AU MCBRIDE, J AF MCBRIDE, J TI VITAMIN-C BOOSTS IRON-ABSORPTION SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Letter RP MCBRIDE, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200015 ER PT J AU MCBRIDE, J AF MCBRIDE, J TI CLIMBING MOUNT EVEREST - AN ENERGY-CRISIS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Letter RP MCBRIDE, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200019 ER PT J AU SENFT, D AF SENFT, D TI NEW PIMA COTTON - LONGER FIBERS FOR FINER FABRICS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Letter RP SENFT, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200018 ER PT J AU SENFT, D AF SENFT, D TI BETTER ALFALFA FOR HARSH CLIMATES SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Letter RP SENFT, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200017 ER PT J AU CORLISS, J AF CORLISS, J TI NOTHING WORSE THAN RUSTY GRASS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Letter RP CORLISS, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200020 ER PT J AU KINZEL, B AF KINZEL, B TI NO BONES ABOUT IT SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Letter RP KINZEL, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HZ232 UT WOS:A1992HZ23200021 ER PT J AU BUTTE, NF VILLALPANDO, S WONG, WW FLORESHUERTA, S HERNANDEZBELTRAN, MD SMITH, EO GARZA, C AF BUTTE, NF VILLALPANDO, S WONG, WW FLORESHUERTA, S HERNANDEZBELTRAN, MD SMITH, EO GARZA, C TI HUMAN-MILK INTAKE AND GROWTH FALTERING OF RURAL MESOAMERINDIAN INFANTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE HUMAN MILK; LACTATION; BREAST-FEEDING; INFANT GROWTH ID MARGINALLY NOURISHED MOTHERS; BREAST-FED INFANTS; LACTATIONAL CAPACITY; NUTRIENT INTAKE; HUASCAR LIMA; WEIGHT; PERU; CONSUMPTION; DEUTERIUM; COMMUNITY AB To determine whether growth faltering during early infancy was attributable to inadequate intake of human milk, the nutrient intakes and growth of 30 Otomi infants from Capulhuac, Mexico, were studied at 4 or 6 mo of age. Growth was monitored monthly from 1 through 6 mo of age. The H-2 dose-to-the-mother method was used to measure human milk intake. Energy, protein, lactose, and fat concentrations in milk were analyzed by standard techniques. Mean (+/- SD) human milk intakes were 885 +/- 145 and 869 +/- 150 g/d at 4 and 6 mo, respectively. Protein and lactose concentrations in milk were normal but fat and consequently energy concentrations were abnormally low. Energy intakes averaged 81 +/- 14 kcal.kg-1.d-1 at 4 mo and 72 +/- 14 kcal.kg-1.d-1 at 6 mo. Growth faltering by 6 mo was evidenced by the significant decline in growth velocities and National Center for Health Statistics Z scores. Weight gain at 6 mo was 8.1 +/- 3.5 g/d and length gain was 1.0 +/- 0.34 cm/mo. Weight-for-age and length-for-age Z scores were -0.81 +/- 0.94 and -1.51 +/- 0.83, respectively. Growth velocities were not significantly correlated with nutrient intakes. Growth faltering among the Otomi infants despite energy intakes comparable to those of breast-fed infants in more protected environments may have resulted from an increase in the need for nutrients or from a growth-limiting nutrient, other than energy, in their diet. C1 INST MEXICANO SEGURO SOCIAL,MEXICO CITY 7,DF,MEXICO. CORNELL UNIV,DIV NUTR SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP BUTTE, NF (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. OI Villalpando, Salvador/0000-0001-6429-3816 NR 48 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1109 EP 1116 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HX173 UT WOS:A1992HX17300011 PM 1595582 ER PT J AU MICOZZI, MS BROWN, ED EDWARDS, BK BIERI, JG TAYLOR, PR KHACHIK, F BEECHER, GR SMITH, JC AF MICOZZI, MS BROWN, ED EDWARDS, BK BIERI, JG TAYLOR, PR KHACHIK, F BEECHER, GR SMITH, JC TI PLASMA CAROTENOID RESPONSE TO CHRONIC INTAKE OF SELECTED FOODS AND BETA-CAROTENE SUPPLEMENTS IN MEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BETA-CAROTENE; CAROTENOIDS; FOODS; LYCOPENE; LUTEIN; ALPHA-CAROTENE; SUPPLEMENTS ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INDIVIDUAL CAROTENOIDS; VITAMIN-A; CANCER; RETINOL; QUANTIFICATION; VEGETABLES; TOCOPHEROL; ANCIENT; REDUCE AB We determined serial changes in four major plasma carotenoid fractions (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene) in 30 men consuming defined daily doses of carotenoids from foods (broccoli, carrots, or tomato juice) or from purified-beta-carotene in capsules (12 or 30 mg) for 6 wk while fed a controlled diet. Compared with baseline, beta-carotene increased in the 30- and 12-mg-capsule and carrot groups whereas alpha-carotene increased in the carrot group and lutein increased in the broccoli group. Lower lutein concentrations in recipients of beta-carotene capsules suggested an interaction between these two carotenoids. Lycopene declined in all groups except the tomato-juice group. Total carotenoid concentration changes only reflected the large increases in beta-carotene concentrations and not the smaller changes observed in other individual carotenoids. Overall, purified-beta-carotene produced a greater plasma response than did similar quantities of carotenoids from foods sources. However, some foods increased plasma concentrations of certain carotenoids. C1 NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,CANC PREVENT STUDIES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,NATL MUSEUM HLTH & MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Khachik, Frederick/C-5055-2009 NR 28 TC 235 Z9 241 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1120 EP 1125 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HX173 UT WOS:A1992HX17300013 PM 1595584 ER PT J AU MILLER, JW RIBAYAMERCADO, JD RUSSELL, RM SHEPARD, DC MORROW, FD COCHARY, EF SADOWSKI, JA GERSHOFF, SN SELHUB, J AF MILLER, JW RIBAYAMERCADO, JD RUSSELL, RM SHEPARD, DC MORROW, FD COCHARY, EF SADOWSKI, JA GERSHOFF, SN SELHUB, J TI EFFECT OF VITAMIN-B6 DEFICIENCY ON FASTING PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE CONCENTRATIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE HOMOCYSTEINE; HOMOCYSTINEMIA; VITAMIN-B6 DEFICIENCY; HUMANS; RATS ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OCCLUSIVE ARTERIAL-DISEASE; BETA-SYNTHASE DEFICIENCY; COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; METHYLMALONIC ACIDURIA; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RISK FACTOR AB The catabolism of homocysteine through cystathionine synthesis requires pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, thus the effect of vitamin B-6 deficiency on plasma homocysteine concentrations was evaluated. Total fasting plasma homocysteine concentrations were measured in 11 elderly subjects aged 64.4 +/- 1.7 y (xBAR +/- SE) who consumed a vitamin B-6-deficient diet for less-than-or-equal-to 20 d. Only 1 of the 11 subjects was found to have elevated homocysteine concentrations even though all subjects exhibited high urinary xanthurenic acid concentrations after a tryptophan load, a measure indicative of vitamin B-6 deficiency. In a supporting study, fasting plasma homocysteine concentrations were measured in 3- and 23-mo-old rats fed vitamin B-6-deficient diets and were compared with those of vitamin B-6-replete, pair-fed controls. There was no difference in homocysteine concentrations between deficient and pair-fed animals after 6 wk of the dietary regimen for either age group; after 9 wk a modest elevation was observed in the 3-mo-old deficient rats whereas no difference was observed for the 23-mo-old rats. It is concluded that fasting plasma homocysteine concentrations are not initially elevated in vitamin B-6 deficiency and therefore fasting plasma homocysteine concentrations are not a good indicator of vitamin B-6 status. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,VITAMIN BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 53 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1154 EP 1160 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HX173 UT WOS:A1992HX17300018 PM 1595588 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, RM AF RUSSELL, RM TI CHANGES IN GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTION ATTRIBUTED TO AGING SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE AGING; ELDERLY SUBJECTS; ABSORPTION; DIGESTION; GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTION; ATROPHIC GASTRITIS ID ELDERLY MEN; ATROPHIC GASTRITIS; FLOW-RATE; AGE; ABSORPTION; MALABSORPTION; HUMANS; HYPOCHLORHYDRIA; VITAMIN-B12; POPULATION AB There are numerous reports in the literature of impaired gastrointestinal function with aging. However. most gastrointestinal functions remain relatively intact because of the large reserve capacity of the intestine, pancreas. and liver. Clinically important changes in gastrointestinal function with aging in human include decreased taste thresholds, hypochlorhydria due to atrophic gastritis. and decreased liver blood flow and size. Increased absorbability of lipids and large size molecules has been demonstrated in aging animals, but this has not been studied in humans. Nutrients with impaired gastrointestinal bioavailability in aging include dietary B-12, calcium carbonate, and ferric iron in atrophic gastritis; calcium, zinc, and possibly carbohydrate in a mixed meal. The implications of these changes Cor health maintenance and chronic disease in elderly people are in need of study. C1 TUFTS UNIV, SCH MED, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. RP RUSSELL, RM (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, 711 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 67 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 55 IS 6 SU S BP 1203 EP 1207 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HX761 UT WOS:A1992HX76100004 PM 1590257 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, IH MILLER, JW AF ROSENBERG, IH MILLER, JW TI NUTRITIONAL FACTORS IN PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS OF ELDERLY PEOPLE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BODY COMPOSITION; CATARACT; IMMUNE FUNCTION; NEUROCOGNITIVE FUNCTION; MAGNESIUM; VITAMIN-D; VITAMIN-C; VITAMIN-E; CAROTENOIDS; VITAMINS-B; HOMOCYSTEINE; HYPOMETHYLATION ID 5,10-METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE DEFICIENCY; SUBACUTE COMBINED DEGENERATION; OCCLUSIVE ARTERIAL-DISEASE; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; FOLIC-ACID; HOMOCYSTEINE METABOLISM; COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY; ATROPHIC GASTRITIS; EXPERIMENTAL-MODEL; SKELETAL-MUSCLE AB The quality of life of aging individuals depends profoundly on their capacity for physical mobility, mental alertness, and cognitive function. Independence and self-esteem are strongly determined by physical and mental capacities. Stimulated by reports of declining function with age, investigators have examined the relationships between lifestyle factors and maintenance of functional status. Growing evidence supports the view that continued physical activity and good nutritional status are important determinants of physical and cognitive function. It is possible that some of the decline in cognitive function associated with aging is preventable or reversible with improved vitamin nutriture, especially vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, and folate. It might well be argued that the most practical outcome of research on the relationship of diet and nutrition to the aging process would be a better understanding of the ways in which our behavior can maintain a vigorous quality of life. RP TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 71 TC 146 Z9 149 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 55 IS 6 SU S BP 1237 EP 1243 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HX761 UT WOS:A1992HX76100010 ER PT J AU KEHRLI, ME ACKERMANN, MR SHUSTER, DE VANDERMAATEN, MJ SCHMALSTIEG, FC ANDERSON, DC HUGHES, BJ AF KEHRLI, ME ACKERMANN, MR SHUSTER, DE VANDERMAATEN, MJ SCHMALSTIEG, FC ANDERSON, DC HUGHES, BJ TI BOVINE LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY BETA-2 INTEGRIN DEFICIENCY IN YOUNG HOLSTEIN CATTLE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRANULOCYTOPATHY SYNDROME; FRIESIAN CALVES; MAC-1; LFA-1; GLYCOPROTEINS; MO1 C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,SPEROS P MARTEL LEUKOCYTE BIOL LAB,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,CTR CHILD HLTH,GALVESTON,TX 77550. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP KEHRLI, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METABOL DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 00301] NR 12 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-3993 SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 140 IS 6 BP 1489 EP 1492 PG 4 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA HY135 UT WOS:A1992HY13500023 PM 1605311 ER PT J AU RACE, R ERNST, D JENNY, A TAYLOR, W SUTTON, D CAUGHEY, B AF RACE, R ERNST, D JENNY, A TAYLOR, W SUTTON, D CAUGHEY, B TI DIAGNOSTIC IMPLICATIONS OF DETECTION OF PROTEINASE K-RESISTANT PROTEIN IN SPLEEN, LYMPH-NODES, AND BRAIN OF SHEEP SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SCRAPIE PRION; INACTIVATION; IRRADIATION; INFECTIVITY; CLEAVAGE; FIBRILS; AGENT AB Brain, spleen, and selected lymph nodes from sheep with clinical signs of scrapie were analyzed for presence of proteinase K-resistant protein (PrP-res). Diagnosis of scrapie on the basis of detection of PrP-res was compared with diagnosis on the basis of histologic evaluation of the brain from clinically affected or exposed sheep. Proteinase K-resistant protein was found in every brain that was histologically positive for scrapie, and in addition, was found in the brain of several clinically positive sheep that were not diagnosed as scrapie-positive by histologic evaluation. Proteinase K-resistant protein was also found in 87% of the spleens and lymph nodes from sheep that had PrP-res detected in brain homogenates. Therefore, analysis of sheep brain, spleen, or lymph nodes for PrP-res provided a diagnostic approach that was superior to histologic examination alone for detection of naturally scrapie agent-infected sheep. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,SCRAPIE INVEST CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP RACE, R (reprint author), NIAID,PERSISTENT VIRAL DIS LAB,ROCKY MT LAB,HAMILTON,MT 59480, USA. NR 26 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 53 IS 6 BP 883 EP 889 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HY072 UT WOS:A1992HY07200003 PM 1352664 ER PT J AU CUTLIP, RC LEHMKUHL, HD SACKS, JM WEAVER, AL AF CUTLIP, RC LEHMKUHL, HD SACKS, JM WEAVER, AL TI SEROPREVALENCE OF OVINE PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA VIRUS IN SHEEP IN THE UNITED-STATES AS ASSESSED BY ANALYSES OF VOLUNTARILY SUBMITTED SAMPLES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MAEDI-VISNA VIRUS; LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS; AIDS VIRUS; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; WESTERN; BREED AB Ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) is a lentivirus-induced disease of sheep in the United States that is similar, if not identical, to maedi/visna in many other countries. Prevalence estimates of seropositivity to this virus in sheep in the United States have been confined to limited groups or flocks of sheep and have varied from 1 to 90%. In this study of detection of antibodies against OPP virus, we found a lower general prevalence of antibodies to OPP virus in sheep than was previously reported. Of 16,827 sheep from 29 states in the United States, 26% were seropositive and 48% of 164 flocks that were tested had 1 or more seropositive sheep. Seropositivity to OPP virus for sheep within special categories was determined, although nonrandom samples that were available may have biased the results. Within regions of the United States, prevalence was highest in the Rocky Mountain region at 49% and lowest in the northern Atlantic region at 9%. Seropositive sheep were not evenly distributed among flocks, but were clustered in a few flocks of sheep. A high number of flocks had no or few seropositive sheep. Prevalence increased with age from 4% at < 1 year to a plateau of 34% at 4 years. Seropositivity was variable among breeds and was not associated with sex, wool class, or place of origin of ancestors. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT STAT,AMES,IA 50011. RP CUTLIP, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 53 IS 6 BP 976 EP 979 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HY072 UT WOS:A1992HY07200021 PM 1320816 ER PT J AU OSTROM, E WALKER, J GARDNER, R AF OSTROM, E WALKER, J GARDNER, R TI COVENANTS WITH AND WITHOUT A SWORD - SELF-GOVERNANCE IS POSSIBLE SO AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PRISONERS DILEMMA; SOCIAL DILEMMAS; COMMONS DILEMMA; PUBLIC-GOODS; COMMUNICATION; COOPERATION; BEHAVIOR; GAME AB Contemporary political theory often assumes that individuals cannot make credible commitments where substantial temptations exist to break them unless such commitments are enforced by an external agent. One such situation may occur in relation to common pool resources, which are natural or man-made resources whose yield is subtractable and whose exclusion is nontrivial (but not necessarily impossible). Examples include fisheries, forests, grazing ranges, irrigation systems, and groundwater basins. Empirical evidence, however, suggests that appropriators in common pool resources develop credible commitments in many cases without relying on external authorities. We present findings from a series of experiments exploring (1) covenants alone (both one-shot and repeated communication opportunities); (2) swords alone (repeated opportunities to sanction each other); and (3) covenants combined with an internal sword (one-shot communication followed by repeated opportunities to sanction each other). C1 INDIANA UNIV,WORKSHOP POLIT THEORY & POLICY ANAL,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405. INDIANA UNIV,ECON,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405. INDIANA UNIV,USDA,ECON RES SERV,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405. RP OSTROM, E (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV,POLIT SCI,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405, USA. NR 60 TC 658 Z9 670 U1 12 U2 132 PU AMER POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1527 NEW HAMPSHIRE N W, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-0554 J9 AM POLIT SCI REV JI Am. Polit. Sci. Rev. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 86 IS 2 BP 404 EP 417 DI 10.2307/1964229 PG 14 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA HZ503 UT WOS:A1992HZ50300008 ER PT J AU SANFORD, LL LADD, TL AF SANFORD, LL LADD, TL TI PERFORMANCE OF POPULATIONS DERIVED BY SELECTING FOR RESISTANCE TO POTATO LEAFHOPPER IN A 4X-SOLANUM TUBEROSUM X 2X-SOLANUM CHACOENSE CROSS SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE EMPOASCA-FABAE; BREEDING; POTATO; SPECIES AB Intercross and backcross populations derived from a Solanum tuberosum L. (2n=2x=48) x Solanum chacoense Bitt. (2n=2x=48) cross by selecting for resistance to potato leafhopper (PLH) (Empoasca fabae Harris), were test in the field. In F2 and F4 populations, the levels of nymphal infestation and leaf necrosis from PLH feeding were considerably lower and tuber yields were much lower compared with those measured on the susceptible cultivar Kennebec. No differences were found between the two populations Backcrosses of the F2 and F4 populations of S. tuberosum decreased resistance PLH. Resistance to infestation was still eater than that of Kennebec: severity of leaf necrosis equaled that of Kennebec. Tuber yields increased, but were less than Kennebec's yield. Foliage types shifted closer to those of S. tuberosum. Three generations of selection and intercrossing within the backcross populations did not change the level of resistance to PLH but did tend to lower tuber yields. Foliage types remained primarily S. tuberosum in appearance although distinctive types segregated with increased frequency. A second backcross to S. tuberosum did not change the level of resistance to PLH or the level of tuber yield relative to those of the first backcross or Kennebec. C1 USDA ARS,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,APPLICAT RES TECHNOL UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP SANFORD, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 69 IS 6 BP 391 EP 400 DI 10.1007/BF02877490 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JA222 UT WOS:A1992JA22200005 ER PT J AU UYEMOTO, JK CONNELL, JH HASEY, JK LUHN, CF AF UYEMOTO, JK CONNELL, JH HASEY, JK LUHN, CF TI ALMOND BROWN LINE AND DECLINE - A NEW DISEASE PROBABLY CAUSED BY A MYCOPLASMA-LIKE ORGANISM SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALMOND; MARIANNA-2624 PLUM; UNION BROWNLINE; MYCOPLASMA ID PEACH AB Young almond (Prunus dulcis, cvs Carmel, Peerless and Price) orchards established on the plum rootstock Marianna 2624 (P. cerasifera X P. munsoniana) contained trees that exhibited poor terminal shoot growth and wilted, chlorotic leaves. The scion/rootstock graft union showed an external splitting of the bark ana an internal line of necrotic bark tissues that extended into the woody cylinder of the union, which was deeply pitted. Affected trees declined. The disease was named almond brown line and decline (ABLD). Incidence of ABLD ranged up to 55% per cultivar in some orchards. Numerous attempts to graft-transmit orchard collections of ABLD to healthy almond/Marianna 2624 indicators failed. Also, ABLD does not appear to be soil-borne. However, ABLD was serendipitiously determined to be bud-perpetuated when infected scion buds from an apparently healthy appearing Peerless almond/peach tree located in a foundation orchard were grafted onto healthy rooted cuttings of Marianna 2624 to produce yearling trees. Also, graft-inoculations on the almond scion portion of healthy trees, but not the plum rootstock portion, with the peach yellow leafroll mycoplasma-like organism (PYLR-MLO) caused symptoms resembling ABLD. Laboratory and glasshouse assays of several symptomatic trees did not detect tomato ringspot virus and two ilarviruses. These results suggest that an MLO, possibly PYLR-MLO, may be the causal agent of ABLD and that Marianna 2624 is probably resistant to the PYLR-MLO. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,COOPERAT EXTENS,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP UYEMOTO, JK (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC APPLIED BIOLOGISTS PI WARWICK PA NATL VEGETABLE RES STATION WELLSBOURNE, WARWICK, ENGLAND CV35 9EF SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 120 IS 3 BP 417 EP 424 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1992.tb04901.x PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA JW029 UT WOS:A1992JW02900005 ER PT J AU HAMMEL, KE GAI, WZ GREEN, B MOEN, MA AF HAMMEL, KE GAI, WZ GREEN, B MOEN, MA TI OXIDATIVE-DEGRADATION OF PHENANTHRENE BY THE LIGNINOLYTIC FUNGUS PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; WHITE ROT FUNGUS; VERATRYL ALCOHOL; ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS; EXTRACELLULAR LIGNINASES; BIODEGRADATION; BENZO(A)PYRENE; DIHYDRODIOLS; ANTHRACENE AB The ligninolytic fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium oxidized phenanthrene and phenanthrene-9,10-quinone (PQ) at their C-9 and C-10 positions to give a ring-fission product, 2,2'-diphenic acid (DPA), which was identified in chromatographic and isotope dilution experiments. DPA formation from phenanthrene was somewhat greater in low-nitrogen (ligninolytic) cultures than in high-nitrogen (nonligninolytic) cultures and did not occur in uninoculated cultures. The oxidation of PQ to DPA involved both fungal and abiotic mechanisms, was unaffected by the level of nitrogen added, and was significantly faster than the cleavage of phenanthrene to DPA. Phenanthrene-trans-9,10-dihydrodiol, which was previously shown to be the principal phenanthrene metabolite in nonligninolytic P. chrysosporium cultures, was not formed in the ligninolytic cultures employed here. These results suggest that phenanthrene degradation by ligninolytic P. chrysosporium proceeds in order from phenanthrene --> PQ --> DPA, involves both ligninolytic and nonligninolytic enzymes, and is not initiated by a classical microsomal cytochrome P-450. The extracellular lignin peroxidases of P. chrysosporium were not able to oxidize phenanthrene in vitro and therefore are also unlikely to catalyze the first step of phenanthrene degradation in vivo. Both phenanthrene and PQ were mineralized to similar extents by the fungus, which supports the intermediacy of PQ in phenanthrene degradation, but both compounds were mineralized significantly less than the structurally related lignin peroxidase substrate pyrene was. C1 SUNY COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,DEPT CHEM,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. RP HAMMEL, KE (reprint author), USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 NR 27 TC 101 Z9 112 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1832 EP 1838 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HX945 UT WOS:A1992HX94500006 PM 1622259 ER PT J AU RODRIGUEZQUINONES, F JUDD, AK SADOWSKY, MJ LIU, RL CREGAN, PB AF RODRIGUEZQUINONES, F JUDD, AK SADOWSKY, MJ LIU, RL CREGAN, PB TI HYPERREITERATED DNA REGIONS ARE CONSERVED AMONG BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM SEROCLUSTER-123 STRAINS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; BACTERIAL GENOME; HOST RANGE; NODULATION; SEQUENCES; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; SEROGROUP-123; MUTAGENESIS; DIVERSITY AB We have identified and cloned two DNA regions which are highly reiterated in Bradyrhizobium japonicum serocluster 123 strains. While one of the reiterated DNA regions, pFR2503, is closely linked to the B. japonicum common and genotype-specific nodulation genes in strain USDA 424, the other, pMAP9, is located next to a Tn5 insertion site in a host-range extension mutant of B. japonicum USDA 438. The DNA cloned in pFR2503 and pMAP9 are reiterated 18 to 21 times, respectively, in the genomes of B.japonicum serocluster 123 strains. Gene probes from the reiterated regions share sequence homology, failed to hybridize (or hybridized poorly) to genomic DNA from other B. japonicum and Bradyrhizobium spp. strains, and did not hybridize to DNA from Rhizobium meliloti, Rhizobium fredii, Rhizobium leguminosarum biovars trifolii, phaseoli, and viceae, or Agrobacterium tumefacians. The restriction fragment length polymorphism hybridization profiles obtained by using these gene probes are useful for discriminating among serologically related B.japonicum serocluster 123 strains. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,MICROBIAL ENGN PROGRAM,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MICROBIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1878 EP 1885 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA HX945 UT WOS:A1992HX94500014 PM 1622264 ER PT J AU SOMKUTI, GA SOLAIMAN, DKY STEINBERG, DH AF SOMKUTI, GA SOLAIMAN, DKY STEINBERG, DH TI EXPRESSION OF STREPTOMYCES SP CHOLESTEROL OXIDASE IN LACTOBACILLUS-CASEI SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONJUGAL TRANSFER; PLASMID PAM-BETA-1; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; CURVATUS LC2-C; ELECTROPORATION; PLANTARUM; HELVETICUS; CLONING; DNA; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AB Three strains of Lactobacillus casei were electrotransformed with pNCO937, an 8.1-kb recombinant plasmid carrier of a Streptomyces sp. cholesterol oxidase gene. Transformation frequency was generally low and strain-dependent, ranging from 6 to 40 transformants/mu-g DNA. L. casei transformants stably maintained pNCO937 with no indication of deletion mutational events. Transformants produced active cholesterol oxidase and sonicated cells formed 4-cholesten-3-one from both free and lipoprotein-bound cholesterol. L. casei shows promise as a host suitable for studying heterologous gene expression in lactobacilli. RP SOMKUTI, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 37 IS 3 BP 330 EP 334 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA JC128 UT WOS:A1992JC12800011 ER PT J AU SLININGER, PJ JACKSON, MA AF SLININGER, PJ JACKSON, MA TI NUTRITIONAL FACTORS REGULATING GROWTH AND ACCUMULATION OF PHENAZINE 1-CARBOXYLIC ACID BY PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS 2-79 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; RHIZOSPHERE; WHEAT AB Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 2-79 (NRRL B-15132) is a biocontrol agent of take-all of wheat caused by the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Strain 2-79 produces the antibiotic phenazine 1-carboxylic acid, which acts as the primary mechanism of disease suppression. As a first step toward designing efficient methods of mass producing and formulating this biocontrol agent, the regulation of growth and antibiotic production by growth factors (including purines, pyrimidines, vitamins) and minerals (supplying B3+, Ca2+, CO2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Mo6+, Zn2+) was examined in defined liquid culture. Additions of boric acid and sulfates of iron and magnesium enhanced both cell and associated antibiotic accumulation. However, accumulation of the antibiotic alone improved with additions of zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, and cytosine, but worsened with addition of adenine. Interactive effects involving the sulfates of iron, magnesium, and zinc were observed, and optimal iron-magnesium and iron-zinc combinations were demonstrated with respect to biomass and antibiotic accumulation, respectively. RP SLININGER, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 16 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 37 IS 3 BP 388 EP 392 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA JC128 UT WOS:A1992JC12800021 ER PT J AU SHIELDS, FD SMITH, RH AF SHIELDS, FD SMITH, RH TI EFFECTS OF LARGE WOODY DEBRIS REMOVAL ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A SAND-BED RIVER SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB 1. Removal of large woody debris (LWD) is one of the most widely practised stream alterations, particularly in sand-bed rivers of the south-eastern USA. Selective removal of LWD has been proposed as an alternative to orthodox non-selective clearing in order to conserve ecological resources, but methods for comparing hydraulic and environmental effects of selective and non-selective removal have not been developed. Conservation of stream habitats requires quantification of LWD removal impacts on physical habitat. 2. Physical characteristics of straightened, sand-bed reaches of the South Fork Obion River in western Tennessee, USA that were rich in LWD were compared with those in similar reaches where debris had recently been removed using selective removal guidelines. 3. The mean volume of LWD per unit water volume was 0.0545 in the uncleared reaches, but nearly 60% lower (0.0225) in the cleared reach. 4. A simple technique for predicting hydraulic roughness in channels with varying amounts of LWD was developed. Hydraulic roughness, as measured by the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor, was about 400% greater in uncleared reaches at base flow but declined to a level about 35% greater than for the cleared reaches at higher flows. Predicted friction factors were within 35% of measured friction factors at higher flows. 5. Physical habitat diversity in this channelized sand-bed stream was strongly related to the density of LWD. Flow conditions in the uncleared reaches were more heterogeneous than in the cleared reach, especially at low flow. At low flow, uncleared reaches tended to be shallower, have lower velocities, slightly finer bed material, and more heterogeneous conditions overall. Shannon indices based on depth and velocity were an average of 48% higher in uncleared reaches. 6. Bed sediments underneath and immediately adjacent to LWD formations were finer and contained more organic matter than sediments distant from LWD. However, when all bed samples were considered, organic content was positively correlated with median grain size. RP SHIELDS, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAT SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 0 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 2 IS 2 BP 145 EP 163 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JL765 UT WOS:A1992JL76500002 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, JB AF RUSSELL, JB TI THE EFFECT OF PH ON THE HEAT-PRODUCTION AND MEMBRANE RESISTANCE OF STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS; HEAT PRODUCTION; MEMBRANE RESISTANCE ID RUMINAL BACTERIUM; PHOSPHORYLATION; ATPASE; STOICHIOMETRY; TRANSPORT; GRADIENT; SYSTEM AB Non-growing cultures of Streptococcus bovis JB1 which were incubated in 2-[N-moropholino] ethane-sulfonic acid (MES)-phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and glucose (2 g/l) produced heat at a rate of 0.17 mW/mg protein, and this rate was proportional to the enthalpy change of the homolactic fermentation. Since the growth-independent heat production could be eliminated by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), an inhibitor of F1F0 ATPases, it appeared that virtually all of the energy was being used to counteract proton flux through the cell membrane. When the pH was decreased from 6.8 to 5.8, heat production and glucose consumption increased, the electrical potential (DELTA-PSI) declined, the chemical gradient of protons (Z-DELTA-pH) increased, and there was a small increase in total protonmotive force (DELTA-p). Further decreases in pH (5.8 to 4.5) caused a marked decrease in heat production and glucose consumption even though there was only a small decline in membrane voltage. Based on the enthalpy of ATP (4 kcal or 16.8 kJ/mol), it appeared that 38% of the wattage was passing through the cell membrane. The relationship between membrane voltage and membrane wattage or glucose consumption was non-linear (non-ohmic), and it appeared that the resistance of the membrane to current flow was not constant. Based on the electrical formula, resistance = voltage2/wattage and resistance = voltage/amperage, there was a marked increase in membrane resistance when the pH was less than 6.0. The increase in membrane resistance at low pH allowed S. bovis to maintain its membrane potential and expend less energy when its ability to ferment glucose was impaired. C1 CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP RUSSELL, JB (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0302-8933 J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 158 IS 1 BP 54 EP 58 DI 10.1007/BF00249066 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JN096 UT WOS:A1992JN09600011 PM 1444715 ER PT J AU SHARRATT, BS AF SHARRATT, BS TI GROWING-SEASON TRENDS IN THE ALASKAN CLIMATE RECORD SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE FROST-FREE SEASON; SPRING FREEZE; FALL FREEZE; FROST; CLIMATE CHANGE ID SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; REGIONS AB Linkages between presumed global climate change and agricultural production will enable the development of management strategies to meet the needs of a diverse and future world agricultural enterprise. This study evaluated characteristic trends in the growing season length and dates of the last spring and first fall freezes at eight climate stations in Alaska between 1924 and 1989. Two minimum temperature criteria of O-degrees and -3-degrees-C were used in assessing freeze dates. Half of the stations had no change in growing season length over the last 65 years. whereas the other four stations had a lengthening of the season. Tendencies for longer seasons were in part a result of earlier spring freezes. The growing season shortened at three stations during the period 1940-70. which corresponded with declining Northern Hemisphere temperatures. The presence of changes in the growing season over the last 65 years was apparent in Alaska temperature records. RP SHARRATT, BS (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,USDA ARS,309 ONEILL BLDG,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY AB T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD JUN PY 1992 VL 45 IS 2 BP 124 EP 127 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA JC201 UT WOS:A1992JC20100006 ER PT J AU Norton, AP Welter, SC Flexner, JL Jackson, CG Debolt, JW Pickel, C AF Norton, Andrew P. Welter, Stephen C. Flexner, J. Lindsey Jackson, C. G. Debolt, Jack W. Pickel, Carolyn TI Parasitism of Lygus hesperus (Miridae) by Anaphes iole (Mymaridae) and Leiophron uniformis (Braconidae) in California Strawberry SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Lygus hesperus; Anaphes iole; Leiophron uniformis; Fragaria; tarnished plant bug; strawberry; biological control; augmentation; mutual interference AB Augmentative releases of two parasitoids, Anaphes iole Girault and Leiophron uniformis (Gahan), were evaluated for control of Lygus hesperus Knight populations on strawberry. Small cages were used to evaluate a range of parasitoid release rates on known densities of L. hesperus eggs or nymphs. In addition, the number of ovipositions per female L. uniformis and the distribution of ovipositions per nymph were determined for two densities of L. hesperus nymphs. Parasitism levels reached 80% for A. iole and nearly 100% for L. uniformis, indicating that these parasitoids will search for and parasitize Lygus in strawberry. A. iole was successfully reared from Lygus eggs within strawberry plants. Thus this host plant does not appear to be a barrier to the development of augmentative biological control. The distribution of L. uniformis ovipositions per host did not vary consistently from random in response to either host or parasitoid density. Ovipositions per parasitoid did not change in response to parasitoid release rate if high numbers of nymphs (300 per cage) were present. When half this number of nymphs were exposed to the same parasitoid release rates, the number of ovipositions per parasitoid declined as parasitoid densities increased. This indicates that for L. uniformis the level of mutual interference is influenced by both host and parasitoid density, not parasitoid density alone. (c) 1992 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Norton, Andrew P.; Welter, Stephen C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Entomol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Flexner, J. Lindsey; Jackson, C. G.; Debolt, Jack W.] USDA, Honey Bee & Biol Control Insects Lab, Tucson, AZ USA. [Pickel, Carolyn] Univ Calif Agr Extens, Yuba City, CA 95991 USA. RP Norton, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Entomol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU University of California FX We thank D. Steffens of the USDA Biological Control Laboratory in Tucson for her assistance and talent in the rearing of the parasitoids, and Jon Becker and Doug Walsh from UC Cooperative Extension in Watsonville for field assistance. John Diehl provided useful comments on a previous version of the manuscript. This research was funded by a grant from the University of California Integrative Pest Management Program. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 1992 VL 2 IS 2 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(92)90037-E PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06DD UT WOS:000207173400007 ER PT J AU Cordo, HA DeLoach, J AF Cordo, Hugo A. DeLoach, Jack TI Occurrence of Snakeweeds (Gutierrezia: Compositae) and Their Natural Enemies in Argentina: Implications for Biological Control in the United States SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Snakeweed; broomweed; Gutierrezia; biocontrol, weeds; rangeland weeds; weeds, biocontrol AB Snakeweeds, Gutierrezia spp. (Compositae), are native plants that are serious weeds in rangelands of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Although the genus apparently originated in North America, 7 species occur in Argentina and 5 in Chile. In Argentina, we found 79 species of insects, I mite, and I plant pathogen on the 3 species of Gutierrezia most similar to the North American snakeweeds; 33 of these species were observed feeding or had a high probability of feeding on Gutierrezia. Of these, 17 species of insects appear to have narrow host ranges and are possible candidates for biological control of snakeweeds in the southwestern United States. The insects that caused the most obvious damage were 5 species of root borers: the sesiid moth Carmenta haematica (Ureta); the weevil Heilipodus ventralis (Hustache); and 3 buprestids, Dactylozodes alternans Chevrolat, D. okea Gory, and Agrilus leucostictus Klug. Other insects that may have biological control potential were two species that fed on flowers and seed heads, a pyralid moth (Homoeosoma n. sp.) and a tephritid fly (Trupanea patagonica (Brethes)); a leaf beetle (Stolas ingrata (Bob.)); and 2 species of stem-gall formers, an unidentified gelechiid moth and a tephritid fly, Strobelia baccharidis Rondani. The factors that may limit control, the ecosystem effects of controlling these native plants, and the approaches that can be taken are discussed. (c) 1992 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Cordo, Hugo A.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Weeds Lab, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [DeLoach, Jack] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Cordo, HA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Weeds Lab, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUN PY 1992 VL 2 IS 2 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(92)90039-G PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06DD UT WOS:000207173400009 ER PT J AU RAJEEVAN, MS BASSETT, CL AF RAJEEVAN, MS BASSETT, CL TI A SIMPLE AND RAPID METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF PHAGE DNA SUITABLE FOR SOUTHERN ANALYSIS SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LAMBDA C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BOT,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JUN PY 1992 VL 12 IS 6 BP 833 EP 834 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HX842 UT WOS:A1992HX84200012 PM 1642889 ER PT J AU SHEPHERD, HS AF SHEPHERD, HS TI RANDOM PRIMER LABELING OF DNA IN HIGH MELTING-POINT AGAROSE-GEL SLICES FOR CHEMILUMINESCENT DETECTION SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article RP SHEPHERD, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JUN PY 1992 VL 12 IS 6 BP 840 EP 840 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HX842 UT WOS:A1992HX84200014 PM 1642891 ER PT J AU LYNN, DE AF LYNN, DE TI A BASIC COMPUTER-PROGRAM FOR ANALYZING END-POINT ASSAYS SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article AB We present a computer program that is based on Karber's approximation of endpoint titers, written in GW-BASIC and provides an easy means for analyzing the results of dilution endpoint assays. The program provides estimates of standard error that are not possible from other statistical procedures for this type of data. RP LYNN, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BARC W BLDG 011A,RM 214,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD JUN PY 1992 VL 12 IS 6 BP 880 EP 881 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HX842 UT WOS:A1992HX84200020 PM 1642896 ER PT J AU FRANGI, JL LUGO, AE AF FRANGI, JL LUGO, AE TI BIOMASS AND NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION IN 10 YEAR OLD BRYOPHYTE COMMUNITIES INSIDE A FLOOD-PLAIN IN THE LUQUILLO EXPERIMENTAL FOREST, PUERTO-RICO SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE BIOMASS; BIOTIC FILTER; BRYOPHYTE; COMMUNITY; FLOOD PLAIN FOREST; LUQUILLO EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; NUTRIENT; PUERTO-RICO; TROPICS AB Ten year old bryophyte communities growing on wooden stakes along a microtopographic gradient in a flood plain forest at 750 m elevation accumulated between 210 and 1400 kg/ha of ash-free biomass and an average of 14.5, 0.8, 5.3, 2.7, 2.7, 18.5, and 22.0 kg/ha of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, and Al, respectively. This biomass and nutrient accumulation was in the same order of magnitude as the accumulation of biomass and nutrients in fine litter. Both biomass and nutrient accumulation were greater in communities on stream bank slopes or slopes of tree mounds. Less biomass and nutrient accumulated in depressions with long hydroperiods. Concentration of nutrients (except N), and annual rate of ash-free biomass accumulation (20-140 kg/ha.yr) were low in comparison with other bryophyte communities. Bryophyte communities in tropical flood plains appear to be biotic filters of flood waters and help retain nutrients in the terrestrial biota. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST TROP FORESTRY,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. RP FRANGI, JL (reprint author), NATL UNIV LA PLATA,FAC CIENCIAS NAT & MUSEO,PASEO BOSQUE,RA-1900 LA PLATA,ARGENTINA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSN TROP BIOL PI ST LOUIS PA MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 2345 TOWER GROVE AVE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD JUN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 2 BP 106 EP 112 DI 10.2307/2388663 PN A PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JB549 UT WOS:A1992JB54900001 ER PT J AU BLACK, WC DUTEAU, NM PUTERKA, GJ NECHOLS, JR PETTORINI, JM AF BLACK, WC DUTEAU, NM PUTERKA, GJ NECHOLS, JR PETTORINI, JM TI USE OF THE RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA-POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION (RAPD-PCR) TO DETECT DNA POLYMORPHISMS IN APHIDS (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AVENAE F HEMIPTERA; SITOBION-AVENAE; CEREAL APHID; GREENBUG HOMOPTERA; GENETIC-VARIATION; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; ACYRTHOSIPHON-PISUM; BIOTYPES HOMOPTERA; FIELD POPULATIONS; HOST PLANTS AB We have used a new technique to identify discrete genetic markers in aphids, a family in which biochemical and morphological genetic polymorphisms are rare. The new technique uses the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify random regions of aphid genomes (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and has been termed RAPD-PCR. We demonstrate the use of the technique in revealing genetic variation in four aphid species, the greenbug (Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)), the Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)), the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)), and the brown ambrosia aphid (Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas)). In contrast with allozyme surveys, RAPD-PCR revealed large amounts of genetic variation among individuals in each of these species. Variation was detected among biotypes, populations, colour morphs and even individuals on a single plant. We also explored the utility of RAPD-PCR in the detection and identification within aphid bodies of two endoparasitic wasps, Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) and L siphlebus testaceipes (Cresson). The use of RAPD-PCR in species diagnostics, parasitoid detection, and population studies is discussed. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES LAB,STILLWATER,OK 74075. NR 43 TC 179 Z9 210 U1 1 U2 9 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX10 8DE SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 82 IS 2 BP 151 EP 159 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JC723 UT WOS:A1992JC72300002 ER PT J AU WITZ, JA LOPEZ, JD LATHEEF, MA AF WITZ, JA LOPEZ, JD LATHEEF, MA TI FIELD DENSITY ESTIMATES OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) FROM CATCHES IN SEX PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO BUDWORM LEPIDOPTERA; ARMIGERA HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA; COTTON AB The number of male tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius), trapped on a daily basis in pheromone traps in individual cotton fields was compared to male and female adult densities measured by nocturnal field sampling. The decline of trap efficiency with increasing female density was demonstrated. A simple relationship for estimating H. virescens male density from the numbers trapped was derived as P male = (E2/13)2, where P male is density and E2 is the two-day exponential average of number trapped. The standard error for the regression translates to an accuracy ratio of 2:1. The results compare favourably with previous research using mark-release-recapture methodology. Application of the formula is discussed. C1 USDA ARS,CROP INSECT PESTS MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,RT 5,BOX 808,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. USDA ARS,PEST MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,USDA ARS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX10 8DE SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 82 IS 2 BP 281 EP 286 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JC723 UT WOS:A1992JC72300018 ER PT J AU SAHLU, T HART, SP KLEIN, PD JACQUEMET, N CARNEIRO, H AF SAHLU, T HART, SP KLEIN, PD JACQUEMET, N CARNEIRO, H TI APPLICATION OF CO-13(2) MEASUREMENTS TO THE ESTIMATION OF ENERGY-EXPENDITURE IN GOATS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ENERGY REQUIREMENT; STABLE ISOTOPES; CARBON DIOXIDE; SODIUM BICARBONATE ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; BICARBONATE; METABOLISM; PROPORTION; ISOTOPES; SHEEP; MILK; C-13 AB The use and limitations of C-13 stable isotopes as tracers in animal experimentation was investigated using C-13-labelled bicarbonate to estimate CO2 production and energetic requirement of free-ranging goats. Goats were fed wheat hay (Triticum aestivum; C3) or Old World Bluestem hay (Bothriochloa caucasica; C4; OWBS) ad libitum for 21 d. Parotid salivary ducts were cannulated for saliva collection. Isotopic bicarbonate (C-13) was infused at a constant rate into the peritoneal cavity. In exp. 1, saliva samples were obtained at successive 2-h periods for 20 h to establish the time to achieve equilibrium. The half-life of bicarbonate was 2.9 h for animals consuming the wheat diet and 4.1 h (P < 0.06) for animals consuming OWBS diet. The time required to reach equilibrium was 12 h for animals on the wheat diet and 16 h for animals on OWBS diet. The error in the technique arising from animals consuming C3 vs. C4 species (which have different endogenous C-13 contents) was studied in exp. 2. If species composition (C3 vs. C4) of the diet remains constant within 10%, the error is negligible. In exp. 3, estimation of CO2 production from continuous saliva samples had a lower coefficient of variation (6.3 vs. 10.0%) than measurements based on spot serum samples. Energy expenditure of goats in stalls consuming hay ad libitum was similar to that of ad-libitum-fed sheep at similar body weights. The C-13 methodology appears to be a promising method for measuring energy expenditure of grazing animals. C1 USDA ARS,FORAGE & LIVESTOCK RES LAB,EL RENO,OK 73036. USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP SAHLU, T (reprint author), LANGSTON UNIV,E KIKA DE LA GARZA INST GOAT RES,LANGSTON,OK 73050, USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-3984 J9 CAN J ANIM SCI JI Can. J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 72 IS 2 BP 245 EP 252 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JH507 UT WOS:A1992JH50700006 ER PT J AU GOELZ, JCG BURK, TE AF GOELZ, JCG BURK, TE TI DEVELOPMENT OF A WELL-BEHAVED SITE INDEX EQUATION - JACK PINE IN NORTH CENTRAL ONTARIO SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID STEM ANALYSIS DATA; HEIGHT GROWTH; CURVES; MODEL; REGRESSIONS AB A base-age invariant site index equation for jack pine based on the Chapman-Richards function was produced that satisfied nine criteria of preferred behavior for site index equations. A difference form of the Chapman-Richards equation produced the best behavior; height equalled site index at base age, and the shape of the curves reflected the data. The data structure used to fit the difference equation was all possible differences rather than the conventional nonoverlapping sequential intervals because this improved the behavior of the model. Height-prediction equations typically use height at base age (site index) as a predictor variable. As site index is measured with error, the equation will be biased. This bias will be evident in the predicted height at base age and in the shape of the curves. Base-age invariant equations predict height and site index with the same equation and thus diminish the effect of stochastic predictor variables. The equation performed comparably to a previously published equation with a specific base age of 50 years. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP GOELZ, JCG (reprint author), SO HARDWOODS LAB,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 227,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 37 TC 92 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 22 IS 6 BP 776 EP 784 DI 10.1139/x92-106 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JD779 UT WOS:A1992JD77900002 ER PT J AU MCDONALD, PM AF MCDONALD, PM TI ESTIMATING SEED CROPS OF CONIFER AND HARDWOOD SPECIES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Cone, acorn, and berry crops of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa), sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), California white fir (Abies concolor var. lowiana (Gord.) Lemm.), incense-cedar (Libocedrus decurrens Torr.), California black oak (Quercus kelloggii Newb.), tan oak (Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.), and Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii Pursh) were evaluated over a 24-year period (1958-1981) from an area in northern California by an easy to use visual crop rating system. Seed-trap data, also for 24 years, were gathered for four conifer species. Together, these data provide the wild-land manager with knowledge on seed-crop quantity, quality, and timing. The visual rating system involves visually estimating the amount of fruit in trees and the proportion of trees with fruit, and ranking the crop by species. Regressions of sound seed and total seed on seed-crop rating are provided for the two species with the most seed crops: ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir. Regressions were significant at the 1% level, and coefficients of determination ranged from 0.58 to 0.76. RP MCDONALD, PM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,2400 WASHINGTON AVE,REDDING,CA 96001, USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 22 IS 6 BP 832 EP 838 DI 10.1139/x92-112 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JD779 UT WOS:A1992JD77900008 ER PT J AU KUYKENDALL, LD SAXENA, B DEVINE, TE UDELL, SE AF KUYKENDALL, LD SAXENA, B DEVINE, TE UDELL, SE TI GENETIC DIVERSITY IN BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM JORDAN 1982 AND A PROPOSAL FOR BRADYRHIZOBIUM-ELKANII SP-NOV SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13TH NORTH AMERICAN CONF ON SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN FIXATION CY AUG 25-30, 1991 CL BANFF, CANADA SP LIPHATECH, ESSO AG BIOLOGICALS CANADA, MICROBIO RHIZOGEN, AG WEST BIOTECH, URBANA LABS, GROWTEC, ALBERTA RES COUNCIL, CANADIAN SEED COATERS, NAT SCI & ENGN RES COUNCIL CANADA, BIO REM NETWORK IND SCI & TECH CANADA DE DNA-DNA HYBRIDIZATION; SOYBEAN; NODULATION; BACTERIA; SYMBIOSIS; NITROGEN FIXATION; HOST COMPATIBILITY ID EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE COMPOSITION; RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; DNA HOMOLOGY; RHIZOBITOXINE PRODUCTION; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; SOYBEAN BRADYRHIZOBIA; HYDROGENASE PHENOTYPE; STRAINS; NODULATION; RJ4 AB Fourteen randomly selected clones from cosmid libraries of Bradyrhizobium were used as hybridization probes in Southern blot analysis. Seven of the probes used were from strain USDA 83, a group II strain, and the other seven were from strain I-110, a group Ia strain. The 30 strains examined included 9 strains of Rj4-incompatible soybean bradyrhizobia. Considerable polynucleotide sequence dissimilarity between DNA homology groups was evidenced by striking differences in the number of hybridizing bands, except where the probe carried repetitive DNA. Predictable, simple restriction fragment length polymorphism differences were observed only within DNA homology groups. The previous description that 8 of 9 Rj4-incompatible strains belonged to DNA homology group II was verified. The new data, together with many previously documented differences, make it clear that the DNA homology group II organisms should be classified as a new species, for which the name Bradyrhizobium elkanii is proposed, and strain USDA 76 is designated the type strain. The ATCC number for the type strain is 49852. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KUYKENDALL, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 251 Z9 259 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 38 IS 6 BP 501 EP 505 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA JF881 UT WOS:A1992JF88100009 ER PT J AU BHAGWAT, AA KEISTER, DL AF BHAGWAT, AA KEISTER, DL TI SYNTHESIS OF BETA-GLUCANS BY BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM AND RHIZOBIUM-FREDII SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13TH NORTH AMERICAN CONF ON SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN FIXATION CY AUG 25-30, 1991 CL BANFF, CANADA SP LIPHATECH, ESSO AG BIOLOGICALS CANADA, MICROBIO RHIZOGEN, AG WEST BIOTECH, URBANA LABS, GROWTEC, ALBERTA RES COUNCIL, CANADIAN SEED COATERS, NAT SCI & ENGN RES COUNCIL CANADA, BIO REM NETWORK IND SCI & TECH CANADA DE SOYBEAN; NITROGEN FIXATION; BETA-GLUCAN; BRADYRHIZOBIUM; RHIZOBIUM ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; MELILOTI; PROTEIN; GENES; (1->2)-BETA-D-GLUCAN; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; INTERMEDIATE; VIRULENCE AB Particulate enzyme preparations from Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium synthesize beta-glucans when incubated with uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-glucose) and a divalent cation. Synthesis of beta-1,2-linked glucans in Rhizobium fredii involves the product of the ndvB gene, a 319-kDa membrane protein, which is labeled with [C-14]glucose from UDP-[C-14]glucose as previously demonstrated in Rhizobium meliloti and Agrobacterium sp. Bradyrhizobium japonicum synthesize beta-1,3- and beta-1,6-linked glucans of a lower molecular weight than those synthesized by R. meliloti. In comparative experiments, no evidence was found for a protein-bound intermediate in B. japonicum. The ndvB gene of R. fredii was mobilized to B. japonicum and the gene was expressed, as evidenced by appearance of a large membrane protein (ca. 319 kDa) which was labeled with UDP-[C-14] glucose in vitro. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILE AGR RES CTR W,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BLDG 011,HH-19,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 38 IS 6 BP 510 EP 514 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA JF881 UT WOS:A1992JF88100011 ER PT J AU HIMMEL, PT SIMMONS, FW HEWINGS, AD GLAWE, DA AF HIMMEL, PT SIMMONS, FW HEWINGS, AD GLAWE, DA TI EFFECTS OF SOIL-WATER STATUS ON INFECTION OF SOFT RED WINTER-WHEAT BY SOILBORNE WHEAT MOSAIC-VIRUS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article AB Drummer silty clay loam soil, naturally infested with soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) and its vector Polymyxa graminis, was used to assess effects of soil matric potential on infection of roots of soft red winter wheat. Soil cores were packed to a bulk density of 1.2 g cm-3. Soil matric potentials of -6.8, -13.0, -17.5, or -20.5 kPa were established in the cores using hanging water columns. After 4 weeks, plant roots were evaluated for the presence of SBWMV antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The incidence of virus antigen in roots was highest at -13.0 kPa, followed by -17.5 kPa, -6.8 kPa, and -20.5 kPa. Low SBWMV incidence at the wettest and driest treatments suggests that decreasing water potential increases infection until aeration becomes limiting. RP HIMMEL, PT (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN PHYTOPATHOL SOC PI GUELPH PA DEPT ENVIRON BIOL/UNIV GUELPH CAN. J PLANT PATHOL. DR. ROBERT HALL, GUELPH ON N1G 2W1, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 14 IS 2 BP 147 EP 151 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JL301 UT WOS:A1992JL30100004 ER PT J AU GENEST, JJ MARTINMUNLEY, SS MCNAMARA, JR ORDOVAS, JM JENNER, J MYERS, RH SILBERMAN, SR WILSON, PWF SALEM, DN SCHAEFER, EJ AF GENEST, JJ MARTINMUNLEY, SS MCNAMARA, JR ORDOVAS, JM JENNER, J MYERS, RH SILBERMAN, SR WILSON, PWF SALEM, DN SCHAEFER, EJ TI FAMILIAL LIPOPROTEIN DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH PREMATURE CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; LIPIDS; LIPOPROTEINS; GENETICS ID HEART-DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SERUM-LIPIDS; PLASMA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; GENE; ASSOCIATION AB Background. Genetic lipoprotein disorders have been associated with premature coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods and Results. The prevalence of such disorders was determined in 102 kindreds (n=603 subjects) in whom the proband had significant CAD documented by angiography before the age of 60 years. Fasting plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) B, and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] values above the 90th percentile and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apo A-I below the 10th percentile of age- and sex-specific norms were defined as abnormal. An abnormality was noted in 73.5% of probands compared with 38.2% in age-matched controls (p<0.001), with a low HDL cholesterol level (hypoalphalipoproteinemia) being the most common abnormality (39.2% of cases). In these kindreds, 54% had a defined phenotypic familial lipoprotein or apolipoprotein disorder. The following frequencies were observed: Lp(a) excess, 18.6% (includes 12.7% with no other dyslipidemias); hypertriglyceridemia with hypoalphalipoproteinemia, 14.7%; combined hyperlipidemia, 13.7% (11.7% with and 2.0% without hypoalphalipoproteinemia); hyperapobetalipoproteinemia (elevated apo B only), 5%; hypoalphalipoproteinemia, 4%; hypercholesterolemia (elevated LDL only), 3%; hypertriglyceridemia, 1%; decreased apo A-I only, 1%. Overall, 54% of the probands had a familial dyslipidemia; unclassifiable lipid disorders (spouse also affected) were found in 3%. No identifiable familial dyslipidemia was noted in 43% of kindreds of those; nearly half (45%) had a sporadic lipid disorder. Parent-offspring and proband-spouse correlations for these biochemical variables revealed that lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels are in part genetically determined, with Lp(a) showing the highest degree of parent-offspring correlation. Conclusions. Our data indicate that more than half of patients with premature CAD have a familial lipoprotein disorder, with Lp(a) excess, hypertriglyceridemia with hypoalphalipoproteinemia, and combined hyperlipidemia with hypoalphalipoproteinemia being the most common abnormalities. C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,USDA,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV CARDIOL,BOSTON,MA. TERUMO MED CORP,ELKTON,MD. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,BOSTON,MA 02118. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-35243, HV-83-03] NR 50 TC 438 Z9 442 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD JUN PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 2025 EP 2033 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA HX707 UT WOS:A1992HX70700005 PM 1534286 ER PT J AU LOO, G KESSIE, G BERLIN, E NAIR, PP AF LOO, G KESSIE, G BERLIN, E NAIR, PP TI EFFECT OF LITHOCHOLIC ACID FEEDING ON PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS AND BINDING OF RADIOIODINATED HUMAN LIPOPROTEINS TO HEPATIC MEMBRANES IN RATS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; LIVER MEMBRANES; APOPROTEIN-E; RECEPTOR; CHOLESTEROL; CHOLESTYRAMINE; CATABOLISM; RABBIT; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; ESTRADIOL AB 1. Male Sprague-Dawley rats fed diets containing 0.25% lithocholic acid for 6 weeks exhibited elevated serum cholesterol. 2. The rats were fed diets containing 5 or 20% fat with and without the lithocholate and/or oxytetracycline-HCl. 3. The cholesterol elevation was associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) and not very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) or low density lipoprotein (LDL). 4. Specific binding of human [I-125]HDL to hepatic membranes was lowered in lithocholate-fed rats, but binding of human [I-125]LDL to these membranes was not affected. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 102 IS 2 BP 379 EP 383 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(92)90150-O PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA HZ083 UT WOS:A1992HZ08300026 PM 1354585 ER PT J AU BINGHAM, EW MALIN, EL AF BINGHAM, EW MALIN, EL TI ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE IN THE LACTATING BOVINE MAMMARY-GLAND AND THE MILK-FAT GLOBULE-MEMBRANE - RELEASE BY PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-SPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPASE-C SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLYCOSYL-PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL; INHIBITION; PROTEINS; TISSUES AB 1. Alkaline phosphatase is covalently bound to bovine mammary microsomal membranes and milk fat globule membranes through linkage to phosphatidylinositol as demonstrated by the release of alkaline phosphatase following treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. 2. The release of alkaline phosphatase from the pellet to the supernatant was demonstrated by enzyme assays and electrophoresis. 3. Electrophoresis of the solubilized enzymes showed that the alkaline phosphatase of the microsomal membranes contained several isozymes, while only one band with alkaline phosphatase activity was seen in the fat globule membrane. 4. Levamisole and homoarginine were potent inhibitors of the alkaline phosphatase activities in both membrane preparations and in bovine liver alkaline phosphatase, but not in calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase. RP BINGHAM, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 102 IS 2 BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90113-6 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA HZ337 UT WOS:A1992HZ33700004 PM 1377615 ER PT J AU COOK, BJ WAGNER, RM AF COOK, BJ WAGNER, RM TI SOME PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE OVIDUCT MUSCULARIS OF THE STABLE FLY STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COCKROACH LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; NEUROMUSCULAR-TRANSMISSION; MUSCLE; PROCTOLIN; HINDGUT; GLAND; CONTRACTIONS; MUSCIDAE; PEPTIDE AB 1. Spontaneous and rhythmic contractions were measured in 80% of the preparations of the stable fly oviduct which were separated from the central nervous system and other tissues. Measurements of the changes in the amplitude and frequency of contractions and changes in the baseline tonus were taken separately, even though they often occurred together during chemical treatments. 2. L-glutamate, at a concentration of 10(-4) to 10(-3) M, caused an increase in the frequency of contractions and in muscle tonus. Contraction frequency showed the highest percentage of change while amplitude and tonus had lower values. 3. The excitation threshold for proctolin on the oviduct was between 10(-13) and 10(-10) M. The initial responses to the peptide showed increases in the amplitude, frequency, and tonus of muscle contractions. However, tonic changes dominated the response profile when the concentration reached 10(-10) or 10(-9) M. In 12 experiments in which the oviduct was exposed to 10(-7) M leucomyosuppressin, no change in the amplitude, frequency, or tonus of muscle contractions was detected. 4. Octopamine caused an inhibition of spontaneous muscle contractions of the oviduct. Spontaneous contractions showed a graded drop in activity over the concentration range tested (10(-8)-10(-6) M). Also 57% of the preparations tested showed a substantial drop in baseline tonus after the addition of octopamine. 5. Stable fly oviducts exposed to extracts from the male reproductive tract showed a noticeable change in the amplitude frequency and tonus of muscle contraction at levels of 2 to 3 equivalents. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, LIVESTOCK INSECT LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP COOK, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB, ROUTE 5, BOX 810, COLLEGE STN, TX 77845 USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 102 IS 2 BP 273 EP 280 DI 10.1016/0742-8413(92)90111-J PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA JC670 UT WOS:A1992JC67000008 PM 1358541 ER PT J AU HARR, JR BROWN, EA AF HARR, JR BROWN, EA TI FOOD SAFETY ISSUES RELATED TO PARASITISM IN SWINE SO COMPENDIUM ON CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR THE PRACTICING VETERINARIAN LA English DT Article AB Parasitism of swine affects the perceptions of potential consumers regarding the wholesomeness of pork and other products derived from swine. In recent years, prevalence of various zoonotic parasites in swine were extremely low (< 0.1 per million) for cysts of Taenia solium, serologically low (0.13%) for Trichinella spiralis, and moderate (23%) for Toxoplasma gondii. The risks of parasitic zoonoses from porcine sources are negligible for consumers who cook pork adequately, consume commercial ready-to-eat pork, and observe good meat hygiene practices. Violative concentrations of residues of parasiticides are another area of potential concern, but no significant residues of parasiticides were found in more than 99.98% of 47,000 swine tissue samples at slaughter. The expenses of suboptimum production, disposition of affected tissue and carcasses after slaughter, and management of human diseases transmitted through pork currently average about $30 to $35 per commercial hog slaughtered in the United States. RP HARR, JR (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,DIV PROD ASSESSMENT,REGULATORY PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20251, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU VETERINARY LEARNING SYSTEMS PI TRENTON PA 425 PHILLIPS BLVD #100, TRENTON, NJ 08618 SN 0193-1903 J9 COMP CONT EDUC PRACT JI Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 14 IS 6 BP 831 EP & PG 0 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HY488 UT WOS:A1992HY48800012 ER PT J AU COULSON, JR AF COULSON, JR TI DOCUMENTATION OF CLASSICAL BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL INTRODUCTIONS SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Review DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; INTRODUCED ORGANISMS; DOCUMENTATION; BIODIVERSITY; VOUCHER SPECIMENS AB In view of increasing world attention to biodiversity and faunal surveys, improved documentation of the movement of biological control agents from one part of the world to another is needed. More detailed record-keeping and retention of voucher specimens can also help improve the success rate and provide useful feedback for classical biological control programs. The availability of such records will also aid research by ecologists and taxonomists and help regulatory agencies prevent the introduction of harmful exotic organisms. One of the functions of the Biological Control Documentation Center of the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) is to improve the documentation of the introduction of biological control agents into the United States. A computerized system has been developed for making such records more readily available and useful to scientists and other users of these data. The ARS documentation system and the computerized Releases of Beneficial Organisms in the United States and Territories (ROBO) program and publication series are described. Objections raised to these systems by some US researchers are discussed. The ARS documentation system and ROBO program provide insights into improved methods for documenting the international movement and release of beneficial organisms in other parts of the world. RP COULSON, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 195 EP 205 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(92)90037-6 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HU124 UT WOS:A1992HU12400001 ER PT J AU LEWIS, JA LUMSDEN, RD MILLNER, PD KEINATH, AP AF LEWIS, JA LUMSDEN, RD MILLNER, PD KEINATH, AP TI SUPPRESSION OF DAMPING-OFF OF PEAS AND COTTON IN THE FIELD WITH COMPOSTED SEWAGE-SLUDGE SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE COMPOST; COTTON DAMPING-OFF; DISEASE CONTROL; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; PEA DAMPING-OFF; PISUM-SATIVUM; PYTHIUM SPP; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; SUPPRESSIVE SOILS ID SOIL; PYTHIUM; ECOLOGY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATHOGENS; WASTE AB Amendment of field plots with composted sewage sludge (7-10 t ha-1) reduced (p < 0.05) the incidence of damping-off of smooth-skinned and wrinkled pea cultivars caused mainly by Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum. This occurred in the spring plantings of 3 years and the fall plantings of 2 years during a 4-year period. Seed treatment with thiram or pentachloronitrobenzene increased pea stand compared with that with no seed treatment in both non-amended and compost-amended soils. During summer months, cotton stand was improved in 3 of the 4 years by compost amendment. Stand was correlated with increased total nitrogen. phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and organic matter, all provided by the compost. Compost significantly reduced the inoculum density of R. solani (expressed as percentage of beet-seed colonization) in soils sampled during the fall of 3 of the 4 years and during the spring in one of the years. Inoculum density of R. solani was inversely correlated with the healthy plant stand of one of the pea cultivars. In general, the population of P. ultimum was slightly but significantly greater in compost-amended than in non-amended soil. There was a correlation between inoculum density of P. ultimum and the stand of one of the pea cultivars. In laboratory studies, compost reduced survival of oospores of P. myriotylum and P. aphanidermatum, but not those of P. ultimum. The beneficial effect of compost on pea and cotton stand establishment may be attributed to the induction of suppression in soils by the compost. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LEWIS, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 260 EP 266 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(92)90047-9 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HU124 UT WOS:A1992HU12400011 ER PT J AU KANESHIRO, T VESONDER, RF PETERSON, RE AF KANESHIRO, T VESONDER, RF PETERSON, RE TI FUMONISIN-STIMULATED N-ACETYLDIHYDROSPHINGOSINE, N-ACETYLPHYTOSPHINGOSINE, AND PHYTOSPHINGOSINE PRODUCTS OF PICHIA-(HANSENULA)-CIFERRI, NRRL Y-1031 SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HANSENULA-CIFERRI; BIOSYNTHESIS; SPHINGOSINE; SPHINGOLIPIDS; BASES; CELLS AB Pichia (Hansenula) ciferri Y-1031 grown in the presence of 25-100 mg fumonisin B1/L for 4-5 days accumulated sphingolipids as evident in the centrifuged cells and extracellular particles (c/p fraction). The c/p fraction of fumonisin-treated (100 mg/L) cultures elicited a 15-fold increase of N-acetyldihydrosphingosine and 31-fold increase of combined N-acetylphytosphingosine and phytosphingosine over those from untreated cultures. During exponential growth of 1 day, fumonisin-treated cultures appeared to transfer sphingolipid bases into the medium (22 mg/L) rather than into the c/p (2 mg) fraction. Upon saponification, a residue from the c/p fraction contained 440 mg of additional, unknown polar lipids per liter that was not sphingolipid (14 mg/L). RP KANESHIRO, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 6 BP 319 EP 324 DI 10.1007/BF01571101 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HW684 UT WOS:A1992HW68400003 ER PT J AU NIKOLOV, NT ZELLER, KF AF NIKOLOV, NT ZELLER, KF TI A SOLAR-RADIATION ALGORITHM FOR ECOSYSTEM DYNAMIC-MODELS SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article ID FOREST AB A general algorithm is described for estimating average monthly solar radiation in cal cm-2 day-1 received on mountain slopes that uses basic topographic and climatic information for input, i.e. latitude, elevation, slope aspect and orientation, and average monthly data for ambient temperature, relative humidity and total precipitation. The algorithm is an extension of the methodology developed by Lui and Jordan, Klein, and Bonan. We have tested our method against independent data from 69 meteorological stations throughout the northern hemisphere provided by Muller and Zeller. The stations were selected to represent different latitudes, climate zones and elevations. The test showed that the algorithm predicts quite accurately seasonal patterns of solar radiation from the subpolar region down to the tropics and thus can be used with ecological simulation models (e.g. gap-phase succession models or regional landscape models . RP NIKOLOV, NT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 20 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 61 IS 3-4 BP 149 EP 168 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(92)90015-7 PG 20 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HZ633 UT WOS:A1992HZ63300001 ER PT J AU CAREY, AB HORTON, SP BISWELL, BL AF CAREY, AB HORTON, SP BISWELL, BL TI NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS - INFLUENCE OF PREY BASE AND LANDSCAPE CHARACTER SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE BUSHY-TAILED WOODRAT; DUSKY-FOOTED WOODRAT; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; GREAT HORNED OWL; HABITAT SELECTION; HOME RANGE; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; NORTHERN FLYING SQUIRREL; OREGON; SPOTTED OWL; TELEMETRY; WASHINGTON ID TENGMALMS OWL; BREEDING DISPERSAL; AEGOLIUS-FUNEREUS; SITE-TENACITY; GAME BIRDS; POPULATION; RAPTORS; FLUCTUATIONS; NORTHWEST; NOMADISM AB We studied prey populations and the use and composition of home ranges of 47 Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) over 12 mo in five landscapes in two forest types in southwestern Oregon. We measured 1-yr home ranges of 23 owl pairs, 2-yr home ranges of 13 pairs, and 3-yr home ranges of 3 pairs. The landscapes differed in the degree to which old forest had been fragmented by wildfire and logging. Prey populations were measured at 47 sites in southwestern Oregon. Further data on prey populations were gathered on 14 sites on the Olympic Peninsula in northern Washington, where owls use larger ranges than in Oregon. Owls in Washington used almost-equal-to 1700 ha of old forest annually and primarily one prey species; available prey biomass was 61 g/ha. Owls in Oregon Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests used 813 +/- 133 ha (XBAR +/- SE) of old forest annually and concentrated on two prey species that had a combined biomass of 244 g/ha. Owls in Oregon mixed-conifer forest used 454 +/- 84 ha of old forest annually and three primary prey whose availability averaged 338 g/ha. The amount of old forest used by owls studied for 2 yr was 40% greater in the 2nd yr than that used in the 1st yr. No increase in use of old forest was seen in the 3rd yr in Douglas-fir forest; 50% more old forest was used in 3 yr than in the 1st yr in mixed-conifer forest. The most common prey in Washington and Oregon was the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus). In areas where the flying squirrel was the primary prey and where predation was intense (as judged by telemetry), flying squirrel populations were depressed. The addition of medium-sized mammal species, especially woodrats (Neotoma spp.), to the prey base appeared to reduce markedly the amount of old forest used for foraging. Owls traversed 85% more Douglas-fir forest and 3 times more mixed-conifer forest in the heavily fragmented areas than in the lightly fragmented areas. Overlap among pairs and separation of birds within pairs in space increased with fragmentation. In the most heavily fragmented landscape, social structure appeared to be abnormal, as judged by the proportion of adult-subadult pairs, instances of adult nomadism, and overlap among the home ranges of pairs. The pattern of fragmentation affected the ability of owls to find concentrations of old forest in the landscapes. Even so, almost all the owls consistently selected old forests for foraging and roosting; only one owl selected a younger type as part of its foraging range. Selection of old forest was significant at three levels: landscape, annual home ranges of pairs, and foraging and roosting sites of individuals. The most important prey species, the northern flying squirrel, was twice as abundant in old forest as in young forest in all areas. Landscape indices (dominance, contagion, variance in density of old forest) had less predictive ability than indices based on owl home ranges because owls selected areas of concentrated old forest and because patterning was complex, reflecting four processes, each operating at a different scale: physiography, human land ownership (259-ha scale), history of catastrophic fires, and history of small-scale fires and timber harvesting. RP CAREY, AB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,OLYMPIA,WA 98502, USA. NR 77 TC 199 Z9 206 U1 9 U2 48 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9615 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 62 IS 2 BP 223 EP 250 DI 10.2307/2937094 PG 28 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HV571 UT WOS:A1992HV57100003 ER PT J AU KAAS, JP ELZEN, GW RAMASWAMY, SB AF KAAS, JP ELZEN, GW RAMASWAMY, SB TI FLIGHT RESPONSES IN A WIND-TUNNEL OF THE PARASITOID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES TO 3 SPRING AND 3 SUMMER HOST PLANTS OF HELIOTHIS SPP SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE HOST PLANT ATTRACTIVITY; PARASITOID; HELIOTHIS; WIND TUNNEL; MICROPLITIS; SPRING HOST PLANT; SUMMER HOST PLANT ID VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; REARING TRAYS; NOCTUIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; LARVAE; COTTON; MISSISSIPPI; SEEKING; DELTA AB Flight responses of the parasitoid, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to two phenological stages of spring host plants (crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L., hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Corbiere, and cutleaf geranium, Geranium dissectum L.) and summer host plants (cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L., and soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr.) of Heliothis virescens (F.), were measured in a dual choice situation in a wind tunnel. Preflowering clover was more attractive than preflowering geranium, followed by preflowering vetch. Clover was preferred over geranium in flowering stages as well. No within species differences were detected for the two phenological stages. Preflowering and flowering cotton and soybean were preferred over preflowering and flowering sorghum. The findings could be important in pre-determining release sites for M. croceipes in the field. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP KAAS, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SIML,POB 346,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 63 IS 3 BP 207 EP 212 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JD111 UT WOS:A1992JD11100001 ER PT J AU BRATTI, A NETTLES, WC AF BRATTI, A NETTLES, WC TI INVITRO REARING OF EUCELATORIA-BRYANI - IMPROVEMENTS AND EVALUATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING EFFICIENCY SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE INVITRO REARING; PARASITOID; EUCELATORIA-BRYANI; TACHINIDAE; AGAR; DIET VOLUME; FREE AMINO ACIDS; ARTIFICIAL MEDIUM ID TACHINIDAE; NOCTUIDAE; GROWTH; FLOUR; DIET AB In vitro rearing of Eueelatoria bryani Sabrosky (Diptera: Tachinidae) was made more efficient and economical. Absorbent cotton, used as a support to replace more expensive agar in an artificial medium, produced yields of adults equal to those reared on the agar-based medium. The weights of pupae from the cotton-supported medium were about 16% lighter than were the weights of pupae from the agar-based medium. Evaluation of diet volumes (100, 200 and 250 mul) for individually reared flies revealed that highest adult yields (46.3%) were obtained when 200 mul per maggot of agar-based diet were used in each well of microtiter plates; this is equivalent to 2,315 adults per liter of diet. The tachinids were small and the sizes were equal to those obtained when 10-15 maggots parasitize a single host. Costs could not be reduced by deleting free amino acids from the medium fed to older maggots because free amino acids are essential dietary ingredients for third instars of E. bryani. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP BRATTI, A (reprint author), UNIV BOLOGNA,IST ENTOMOL GUIDO GRANDI,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 63 IS 3 BP 213 EP 219 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JD111 UT WOS:A1992JD11100002 ER PT J AU KEMP, WP AF KEMP, WP TI RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) COMMUNITY STRUCTURE - A WORKING HYPOTHESIS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; ACRIDIDAE; COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; PATCH DYNAMICS ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; ASSEMBLAGES; VEGETATION; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; MODELS; FIRE AB Interspecific associations of rangeland grasshoppers studied in Gallatin Valley, Mont., during 1988-1990 when regional densities were low, showed a great deal of spatial variation. Although >40 rangeland grasshopper species were collected valley-wide throughout this study, mean species richness at the habitat type level ranged from almost-equal-to 10-17; results suggest that species replacement occurred over the gradient of habitat types sampled. Based on the results of this and previous research, it appears that rangeland grasshopper communities consist of facultative assemblages of species. At the valley level, it was possible to distinguish between species groups in terms of their general distribution characteristics (i.e., broadly, intermediately, or narrowly distributed). Although there appeared to be a maintenance in the proportion of the species in each of the three distribution groups among the six habitat types studied, proportions differed from those found at the valley level. Similar to other studies in plant and insect ecology, a positive relationship between species abundance and the number of sites collected was found at both the habitat type and valley levels. Because of the differences found in species composition at the habitat type level, the generalization of detailed experimental studies, beyond the habitat type level, must be done with caution. Lastly, it is clear that to understand rangeland grasshopper communities in general, large-scale observational studies designed to depict pattern must be conducted together with small-scale studies designed to elucidate process. RP KEMP, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 54 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 21 IS 3 BP 461 EP 470 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JA015 UT WOS:A1992JA01500006 ER PT J AU BROWN, MW WELKER, WV AF BROWN, MW WELKER, WV TI DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHYTOPHAGOUS ARTHROPOD COMMUNITY ON APPLE AS AFFECTED BY ORCHARD MANAGEMENT SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARTHROPODA; MALUS-DOMESTICA; AGROECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS; DIVERSITY ID SPECIES COMPOSITION; DIVERSITY AB The phytophagous arthropod community in three apple orchards was sampled for the first 5 yr (1984-1988) after planting. One orchard was unmanaged, one was partially managed with pruning and weed control, and one was under full commercial management. For the first 2 yr there were no significant differences in arthropod diversity among the three orchards. In the third and subsequent years, diversity, as measured by species richness and Williams' index, was significantly lower in the commercially managed orchard than in the two reduced management orchards. In the fifth year, the commercially managed orchard had the most uneven distribution of species abundances and the partially managed orchard the most even. Within-year evenness values were more variable in the commercially managed orchard than in either of the reduced management orchards. Mean annual diversity in both reduced management orchards increased in the first 4 yr of community development and remained constant in the fifth year. In the commercially managed orchard, diversity increased in the second year, then declined and remained low. Within each year, diversity generally peaked in all orchards in middle to late summer. There were subtle differences between communities in the unmanaged and partially managed orchards. In the partially managed orchard, trees were larger and more vigorous than trees in the unmanaged orchard. The community in this orchard was dominated by species that were able to exploit the abundant succulent branch terminals, such as aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) and Lyonetia speculella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae). RP BROWN, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 21 IS 3 BP 485 EP 492 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JA015 UT WOS:A1992JA01500009 ER PT J AU CHARLET, LD BREWER, GJ BEREGOVOY, VH AF CHARLET, LD BREWER, GJ BEREGOVOY, VH TI INSECT FAUNA OF THE HEADS AND STEMS OF NATIVE SUNFLOWERS (ASTERALES, ASTERACEAE) IN EASTERN NORTH-DAKOTA SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SUNFLOWERS; SMICRONYX-FULVUS; COCHYLIS-HOSPES ID CYLINDROCOPTURUS-ADSPERSUS COLEOPTERA; NEOTEPHRITIS-FINALIS LOEW; GROWTH-STAGES; CURCULIONIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; HELIANTHUS; LARVAE; MOTH; TEPHRITIDAE; PYRALIDAE AB Insect fauna from the heads (capitula) and stems of six native sunflower species in eastern North Dakota and western Minnesota are reported. Eight insect species in six families of Coleoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera were recovered from the heads of six species of Helianthus. Heads of Helianthus annuus L. contained the greatest diversity of insect species. Insect species collected were also commonly found as pests of cultivated sunflower heads. Two major pests of commercial sunflower in the Great Plains-the red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus LeConte; and the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham-were collected from the heads of all six native Helianthus species, although they were most common in H. annuus. Neotephritis finalis (Loew) also occurred in the heads of all Helianthus spp. examined. Insects from seven overwintering species were recovered from the stems of all six Helianthus spp. Insect stem fauna diversity was greatest in H. maximiliani Schrader, and least in H. rigidus subrhomboideus (Rydberg). The sunflower stem weevil, Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte), was the only major insect pest of cultivated sunflower that was recovered from sunflower stems. It was most abundant in H. annuus. A single species of parasitoid, Nealiolus curculionis (Fitch), was reared from sunflower stem weevil larvae. Results suggest that some species of Helianthus have high potential as sources of insect resistance for incorporation into commercial sunflower. RP CHARLET, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 21 IS 3 BP 493 EP 500 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JA015 UT WOS:A1992JA01500010 ER PT J AU ROJAS, MG STIPANOVIC, RD WILLIAMS, HJ VINSON, SB AF ROJAS, MG STIPANOVIC, RD WILLIAMS, HJ VINSON, SB TI METABOLISM OF GOSSYPOL BY HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS (F) (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; METABOLISM; GOSSYPOL; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS ID TOBACCO BUDWORMS; ICHNEUMONIDAE; HYMENOPTERA AB Studies of the metabolic fate of C-14-labeled gossypol in Heliothis virescens (F.) found radioactivity mainly in the fat body of fifth-stadium larvae, the dissolved tissues of 4-day-old pupae, the abdomen of newly emerged moths, and the larval frass. C-14-labeled gossypol was eliminated as a respiration product from third to fifth instars, and from prepupa to adult. Gossypol was excreted in the larval frass as a free compound and as a conjugate. Analysis of labeled frass extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography indicated that the ethyl acetate and methyl alcohol extracts contained the highest concentrations of free and conjugated gossypol, respectively. Two metabolites from frass of H. virescens larvae were isolated and identified as derivatives of gossypol containing six glucose moieties attached to the gossypol nucleus. C1 USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 21 IS 3 BP 518 EP 526 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JA015 UT WOS:A1992JA01500013 ER PT J AU BAKER, JE AF BAKER, JE TI ROLE OF METHODOLOGY IN ASSESSMENT OF NATURALLY-OCCURRING ALPHA-AMYLASE INHIBITORS AS RESISTANCE FACTORS AGAINST INSECTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; AMYLASE INHIBITORS; PLANT RESISTANCE; METHODOLOGY ID RICE WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; ORYZAE L COLEOPTERA; SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE; PROTEIN INHIBITORS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; WHEAT; CURCULIONIDAE; PURIFICATION; ALBUMINS; PESTS AB There are two methods of assaying for naturally occurring alpha-amylase inhibitors. In the first method, (E + I) + S, where E is the enzyme, I is the inhibitor, and S is the substrate, the enzyme and inhibitor are preincubated for a period of time and residual activity is measured by adding substrate (starch). In the second method, (I + S) + E, the inhibitor and substrate are combined and the reaction is started by addition of enzyme. Although the first method can be used to measure the concentration of alpha-amylase inhibitors in a given plant or plant structure, it may give a somewhat biased view of their in vivo activity. The second assay method may be a much more realistic way to assess the effectiveness of the inhibitors in a feeding insect, because at least in granivorous insects that feed on wheat endosperm, ingestion of starch and the proteinaceous inhibitors probably occurs simultaneously. Consequently, assays were conducted by the second assay procedure with amounts of alpha-amylase found in guts of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and with amounts of alpha-amylase inhibitors present in wheat endosperm. With these conditions, inhibition of enzyme activity was reduced significantly compared with the nearly complete inhibition possible with preincubation. These findings indicate that in vitro methodology should simulate in vivo conditions as closely as possible to allow a more precise evaluation of the potential of naturally occurring inhibitors as resistance factors against insects. RP BAKER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 21 IS 3 BP 646 EP 650 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JA015 UT WOS:A1992JA01500030 ER PT J AU UTHUS, EO AF UTHUS, EO TI EVIDENCE FOR ARSENIC ESSENTIALITY SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Although numerous studies with rats, hamsters, minipigs, goats and chicks have indicated that arsenic is an essential nutrient, the physiological role of arsenic is open to conjecture. Recent studies have suggested that arsenic has a physiological role that affects the formation of various metabolites of methionine metabolism including taurine and the polyamines. The concentration of plasma taurine is decreased in arsenic-deprived rats and hamsters. The hepatic concentration of polyamines and the specific activity of an enzyme necessary for the synthesis of spermidine and spermine, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, are also decreased in arsenic-deprived rats. Thus, evidence has been obtained which indicates that arsenic is of physiological importance, especially when methionine metabolism is stressed (e.g. pregnancy, lactation, methionine deficiency, vitamin B6 deprivation). Any possible nutritional requirement by humans can be estimated only by using data from animal studies. The arsenic requirement for growing chicks and rats has been suggested to be near 25 ng g-1 diet. Thus, a possible human requirement is 12-mu-g day-1. The reported arsenic content of diets from various parts of the world indicates that the average intake of arsenic is in the range of 12-40-mu-g. Fish, grain and cereal products contribute most arsenic to the diet. RP UTHUS, EO (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 0 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 9 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD JUN PY 1992 VL 14 IS 2 BP 55 EP 58 DI 10.1007/BF01783629 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA JF060 UT WOS:A1992JF06000006 PM 24197927 ER PT J AU KELLEY, DS NELSON, GJ BRANCH, LB TAYLOR, PC RIVERA, YM SCHMIDT, PC AF KELLEY, DS NELSON, GJ BRANCH, LB TAYLOR, PC RIVERA, YM SCHMIDT, PC TI SALMON DIET AND HUMAN IMMUNE STATUS SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; PLASMA-LIPIDS; ADULT MEN; FISH OIL; LIPOPROTEINS; RESPONSES; INVITRO AB We examined the effect of feeding a salmon-containing diet on the immune status of nine healthy men (age 30-65 years) who lived at the metabolic suite of the Western Human Nutrition Research Center for 100 days. During the first 20 days all nine subjects consumed a basal diet (BD). For the next 40 days, three subjects continued to consume BD, while the diet of remainder six subjects was modified to contain 500 g salmon every day. During the last 40 days, the diets of the two groups were crossed over. Feeding 500 g salmon daily for 40 days did not significantly suppress the blastogenesis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured with phytohemagglutinin, Concanavalin A, protein A or pokeweed when compared to the corresponding pre-salmon diet values. It also did not significantly affect the delayed hypersensitivity skin response to seven recall antigens, serum concentrations of immunoglobulins G, M, and A, and complement fractions C3 and C4. Our results indicate that the short-term consumption of a high fish (salmon)-containing diet does not adversely affect the immune system, as has been reported with fish oil supplements. C1 LETTERMAN ARMY MED CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. RP KELLEY, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 46 IS 6 BP 397 EP 404 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JF384 UT WOS:A1992JF38400003 PM 1639047 ER PT J AU CLARKE, GM OLDROYD, BP HUNT, P AF CLARKE, GM OLDROYD, BP HUNT, P TI THE GENETIC-BASIS OF DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY IN APIS-MELLIFERA - HETEROZYGOSITY VERSUS GENIC BALANCE SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE APIS-MELLIFERA; DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; GENOMIC COADAPTATION; INBREEDING ID FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; INBREEDING DEPRESSION; NATURAL-SELECTION; SALMONID FISHES; RAINBOW-TROUT; ENZYME LOCI; POPULATIONS; HOMEOSTASIS; HONEYBEES AB The genetic basis for developmental stability in the haplo-diploid honeybee Apis mellifera was determined by comparing the level of asymmetry between diploid females and haploid males both among and within inbreeding levels. There was no significant relationship between the level of inbreeding and the level of fluctuating asymmetry for both females and males. It is therefore argued that the general level of genomic heterozygosity is not an important factor for the determination and maintenance of developmental stability in this system, but rather that the balance of genes within chromosomes plays the major role. The observation that males were generally more asymmetric than females suggests that developmental stability in females may also be influenced by additional factors such as gene dosage, sex-limited genes or cytoplasmic elements. C1 USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL RES,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820. INST PLANT SCI,DEPT AGR & RURAL AFFAIRS,BURNLEY,VIC 3121,AUSTRALIA. RP CLARKE, GM (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV ENTOMOL,GPO BOX 1700,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. RI Clarke, Geoffrey/H-3769-2011 OI Clarke, Geoffrey/0000-0003-2058-3744 NR 51 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD JUN PY 1992 VL 46 IS 3 BP 753 EP 762 DI 10.2307/2409643 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA JB067 UT WOS:A1992JB06700015 ER PT J AU GUPTA, SC LEATHERS, TD ELSAYED, GN IGNOFFO, CM AF GUPTA, SC LEATHERS, TD ELSAYED, GN IGNOFFO, CM TI INSECT CUTICLE-DEGRADING ENZYMES FROM THE ENTOMOGENOUS FUNGUS BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA SO EXPERIMENTAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA; ENZYMES; CHYMOELASTASE; TRYPSIN; CHYMOTRYPSIN; ESTERASE; N-ACETYL GLUCOSAMINIDASE; ENDOCHITINASE ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65205. NR 19 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-5975 J9 EXP MYCOL JI Exp. Mycol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 16 IS 2 BP 132 EP 137 DI 10.1016/0147-5975(92)90019-N PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Mycology SC Plant Sciences; Mycology GA HZ786 UT WOS:A1992HZ78600005 ER PT J AU KASLOW, HR BURNS, DL AF KASLOW, HR BURNS, DL TI PERTUSSIS TOXIN AND TARGET EUKARYOTIC CELLS - BINDING, ENTRY, AND ACTIVATION SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE ADP-RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; DETERGENT; DISULFIDE; DTT; G-PROTEIN; GLUTATHIONE; GLYCOLIPID; LIPID; NUCLEOTIDE; PHOSPHOLIPID; VACCINE ID NAD-GLYCOHYDROLASE ACTIVITY; ADP-RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ADENINE-NUCLEOTIDES; REGULATORY COMPONENT; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; DIPHTHERIA-TOXIN; CHOLERA-TOXIN AB Pertussis toxin, a protein virulence factor produced by Bordetella pertussis, is composed of an A protomer and a B oligomer. The A protomer consists of a single polypeptide, termed the S1 subunit, which disrupts transmembrane signaling by ADP-ribosylating eukaryotic G-proteins. The B oligomer, containing five polypeptides, binds to cell receptors (most likely containing carbohydrate) and delivers the S1 subunit. Current knowledge suggests that expression of ADP-ribosyltransferase activity in target eukaryotic cells arises after 1) nucleotides and membrane lipids allosterically promote the release of the S1 subunit; and 2) the single disulfide bond in the S1 subunit is reduced by reductants such as glutathione. This model suggests conditions for the proper use of the toxin as an experimental reagent. C1 USDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP KASLOW, HR (reprint author), UNIV SO CALIF,SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,ROOM 250D,MUDD MEM RES BLDG,1333 SAN PABLO ST,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033, USA. NR 65 TC 137 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 6 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 6 IS 9 BP 2684 EP 2690 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA HZ481 UT WOS:A1992HZ48100009 PM 1612292 ER PT J AU CENTER, TD DRAY, FA AF CENTER, TD DRAY, FA TI ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN WATER-HYACINTH WEEVILS (NEOCHETINA-EICHHORNIAE AND NEOCHETINA-BRUCHI) AND PHENOLOGICAL STAGES OF EICHHORNIA-CRASSIPES IN SOUTHERN FLORIDA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID WATER AB We studied Neochetina eichhorniae and N. bruchi populations at 22 sites in southern Florida during mid-summer 1985. Species composition, reproductive females (as a percentage of total females), and flight muscle development of N. eichhorniae populations varied greatly among sites. N. bruchi populations were heterogeneous among sites for these parameters and for sex ratio. The prevalent waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) phenostage and degree of biocontrol stress accounted for much of this variation. A higher proportion (74%) of N. eichhorniae females contained functioning ovaries when collected from mature, healthy plants, as opposed to developing colonies (57%), or declining plant populations (34%). The proportion of N. bruchi females with functioning ovaries was similar on mature, healthy plants (61%) and developing colonies (54%), but less (24%) on declining plants. More females from stressed plant populations possessed fully-developed indirect flight muscles (N. eichhorniae 9%, N. bruchi 16%) than those collected from healthy plants (1% and 6% respectively). The proportion of the total weevil population (i.e. both species) composed of reproductively active females of either species was higher on mature, healthy plants than on declining plants, but N. eichhoraiae populations consistently exceeded N. bruchi. Reproductive potential declined and vagility increased in both species on waterhyacinth suffering from weevil-induced stress. N. bruchi seemed more sensitive to plant quality than N. eichhorniae. Both species were ubiquitous, but N. eichhorniae was more abundant, comprising 70% of mid-summer weevil populations. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,FT LAUDERDALE RES & EDUC CTR,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314. RP CENTER, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS,AQUAT PLANT MANAGEMENT LAB,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314, USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 75 IS 2 BP 196 EP 211 DI 10.2307/3495622 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JB090 UT WOS:A1992JB09000005 ER PT J AU ROBACKER, DC AF ROBACKER, DC TI EFFECTS OF SHAPE AND SIZE OF COLORED TRAPS ON ATTRACTIVENESS TO IRRADIATED, LABORATORY-STRAIN MEXICAN FRUIT-FLIES (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID RED SPHERES; FLY DIPTERA; RECTANGLES AB Twenty-four trap types representing all combinations of 4 colors, 3 shapes and 2 sizes were evaluated for visual attractiveness to irradiated, laboratory-reared Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), released into a grapefruit orchard when 1-3 days old. Spheres and vertically oriented rectangular panels were not significantly different in attractiveness summed over spring, summer and autumn seasons. Horizontally oriented rectangles were much less attractive than spheres and vertical rectangles. Larger rectangles (13 by 18 cm) and spheres (13 cm diam.) were more attractive than smaller rectangles (10 by 13 cm) and spheres (8 cm diam.). Yellow, green and red were equally attractive summed over trap shapes, sizes and seasons. Red was less attractive than green in spring and summer but more attractive in autumn. Relative attractiveness of yellow compared to green was less affected by season. Overall, vertical rectangles were more attractive than spheres in spring while spheres were more attractive in autumn. In spring, red spheres were more attractive than vertical red rectangles while yellow and white rectangles were more attractive than yellow and white spheres. Traps in trees with mature grapefruit generally captured more flies than those in trees with only small, immature fruit. Small spheres were more attractive than small vertical rectangles to females in trees with small, immature fruit but were less attractive than small vertical rectangles in trees with mature fruit. Overall, the best traps were the large sizes of the 6 combinations of yellow, green and red spheres and vertical rectangles that captured 8 times as many flies as the least attractive traps. RP ROBACKER, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 11 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 75 IS 2 BP 230 EP 241 DI 10.2307/3495625 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JB090 UT WOS:A1992JB09000008 ER PT J AU PORTER, SD AF PORTER, SD TI FREQUENCY AND DISTRIBUTION OF POLYGYNE FIRE ANTS (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) IN FLORIDA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA HYMENOPTERA; QUEEN NUMBER; COLONIES; POPULATIONS; INVASION; FORMS AB In order to determine the frequency and distribution of polygyne and monogyne fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) in Florida, preselected sites were surveyed from Key West to Tallahassee. Polygyne colonies were found at 15% of infested sites a frequency similar to other states in the southeastern United States, but much less than in Texas. Polygyny was most common in the region around Marion county, but smaller populations were also scattered across the state. The density of mounds at polygyne sites was more than twice that at monogyne sites (262 versus 115 mounds/ha), although mound diameters were about 20% smaller. Polygyne and monogyne queens averaged the same size (1.42 mm, head width), but monogyne queens were much heavier (24.3 mg versus 14.4 mg) due to their physogastry. As expected, workers in polygyne colonies were considerably smaller than those in monogyne colonies (0. 28 mg versus 0. 19 mg, dry fat-free). RP PORTER, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 27 TC 83 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 7 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 75 IS 2 BP 248 EP 257 DI 10.2307/3495627 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JB090 UT WOS:A1992JB09000010 ER PT J AU WALDER, JM CALKINS, CO AF WALDER, JM CALKINS, CO TI GAMMA-RADIATION EFFECTS ON OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY, ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA (LOEW) (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE), AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO STERILE FLY IDENTIFICATION SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Caribbean fruit fly pupae were subjected late in their development to gamma radiation (Cs-137) doses of 0, 15, 20, 25, 30, 50 and 70 Gy. Twelve hours after the eclosion, adults were transferred into small cages and held under 14 hour photophase at 26-degrees-C and 70% RH. Ovarian dissections were performed at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after adult eclosion. Irradiated females showed abnormally-developed ovaries and doses of 25 Gy and higher caused severe atrophy. Regeneration was not observed. All irradiated females possessed hypertrophied accessory glands, probably due to accumulation of secretions normally used to lubricate the oviduct. RP WALDER, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. RI Walder, Julio Marcos Melges/H-1070-2012 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 75 IS 2 BP 267 EP 271 DI 10.2307/3495629 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JB090 UT WOS:A1992JB09000012 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, ER AF MITCHELL, ER TI ELECTRONIC RELEASE DEVICE FOR FLIGHT TUNNEL BIOASSAYS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note RP MITCHELL, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 75 IS 2 BP 274 EP 276 DI 10.2307/3495631 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JB090 UT WOS:A1992JB09000014 ER PT J AU FRATAMICO, PM SCHULTZ, FJ BUCHANAN, RL AF FRATAMICO, PM SCHULTZ, FJ BUCHANAN, RL TI RAPID ISOLATION OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 FROM ENRICHMENT CULTURES OF FOODS USING AN IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION METHOD SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; 0157-H7; ESCHERICHIA-COLI-0157-H7; IDENTIFICATION; PARTICLES; SEROTYPE; MEATS; CELLS RP FRATAMICO, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 26 TC 79 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 9 IS 2 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1016/0740-0020(92)80018-Y PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA HY412 UT WOS:A1992HY41200003 ER PT J AU WHITING, RC AF WHITING, RC TI NOTES ON REPARAMETERIZATION OF BACTERIAL-GROWTH CURVES - REPLY SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP WHITING, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 9 IS 2 BP 173 EP 174 DI 10.1016/0740-0020(92)80026-Z PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA HY412 UT WOS:A1992HY41200011 ER PT J AU MCDONALD, KA WHIPPLE, JW AF MCDONALD, KA WHIPPLE, JW TI YIELD OF 2 BY 4 RED OAK STRESS-GRADED DIMENSION LUMBER FROM FACTORY-GRADE LOGS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Efficient conversion of red oak logs to structural dimension lumber depends on knowledge about the expected yield from different grades of logs. Our results show that nominal 2 by 4 inch [standard 38 by 89 mm] dimension-lumber yields from USDA Forest Service construction-grade logs are greater than yields from USDA factory-grade F3 logs. Comparable yields of dimension lumber were obtained from factory-grade F2 and construction-grade log classes. Market competition for the higher valued factory-grade F2 log for factory lumber indicates that only logs from the construction-grade class should be considered by potential producers of dimension lumber and then considered only with caution. C1 DEPT NAT RESOURCES,TOMAHAWK,WI 54487. RP MCDONALD, KA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 42 IS 6 BP 5 EP 10 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HZ459 UT WOS:A1992HZ45900001 ER PT J AU SIMPSON, WT AF SIMPSON, WT TI PRESS-DRYING PLANTATION LOBLOLLY-PINE LUMBER TO REDUCE WARP LOSSES - ECONOMIC SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Several studies have suggested that press-drying. as an alternative to high-temperature kiln-drying, is effective in reducing warp and grade loss from warp in dimension lumber cut from plantation-grown loblolly pine trees. Using estimates developed in these studies for press-drying time and potential warp reduction, an engineering economic analysis of press-drying was conducted. The analysis showed the sensitivity of the maximum allowable cost of a press to a] current level of warp loss; b] reduction in warp loss by press-drying; c] press-drying time; d] cost of degrade; and e] increase in green target thickness required to accommodate thickness loss caused by platen pressure. RP SIMPSON, WT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 42 IS 6 BP 23 EP 26 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HZ459 UT WOS:A1992HZ45900004 ER PT J AU YOUNGQUIST, JA KRZYSIK, AM MUEHL, JH CARLL, C AF YOUNGQUIST, JA KRZYSIK, AM MUEHL, JH CARLL, C TI MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES OF AIR-FORMED WOOD-FIBER POLYMER-FIBER COMPOSITES SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Little data are available on the physical and mechanical properties of nonwoven air-formed wood-fiber and plastic-fiber webs that have been pressed into panels of varying density levels. This study establishes performance properties for panels with densities of 0.4, 0.7, 1.0, and 1.2 g/cm3 and made from three formulations of wood and synthetic fibers [90% hemlock and 10% polyester; 90% hemlock and 10% polypropylene; and 80% hemlock, 10% polyester, and 10% phenolic resin]. Nonwoven webs made from these three formulations were pressed into panels. Samples cut from these panels were then tested for physical and mechanical properties. With few exceptions. the physical and mechanical properties increased as panel density increased and as the formulation changed from hemlock and polyester to hemlock and polypropylene to hemlock, polyester, and phenolic resin. The results provide baseline information for tailoring product formulations and densities to industrial products. RP YOUNGQUIST, JA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 42 IS 6 BP 42 EP 48 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA HZ459 UT WOS:A1992HZ45900008 ER PT J AU KOWDLEY, KV MASON, JB MEYDANI, SN CORNWALL, S GRAND, RJ AF KOWDLEY, KV MASON, JB MEYDANI, SN CORNWALL, S GRAND, RJ TI VITAMIN-E-DEFICIENCY AND IMPAIRED CELLULAR-IMMUNITY RELATED TO INTESTINAL FAT MALABSORPTION SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC-SCLEROSIS; MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; GROWTH; RAT C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,USDA,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT GASTROENTEROL,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,SCH MED,DIV ADULT GASTROENTEROL,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NCRR NIH HHS [5MO1RR00054]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK07024] NR 17 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD JUN PY 1992 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2139 EP 2142 PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA HW356 UT WOS:A1992HW35600042 PM 1587435 ER PT J AU HAYMER, DS MCINNIS, DO ARCANGELI, L AF HAYMER, DS MCINNIS, DO ARCANGELI, L TI GENETIC-VARIATION BETWEEN STRAINS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY, CERATITIS-CAPITATA, DETECTED BY DNA FINGERPRINTING SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE GENETIC VARIATION; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; DNA FINGERPRINTING ID SINGLE AB DNA fingerprinting has been used to detect genetic variation in the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata. Three different probes have been identified that can be used to detect DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms between strains of this species. The strains used in this study differ only in terms of their geographic origin or genetic background. One of the probes used is the bacteriophage vector M13, and the other two are repetitive sequences derived from the medfly genome based on a weak homology to M13. Within a strain, each probe produces a consistent restriction fragment profile that is not affected by the method or timing of DNA extraction. Between strains, when M13 is used as a probe, an average of 10% of the observable bands are polymorphic. Use of the medfly genomic sequences as a probe increases the proportion of polymorphic bands between strains up to 30%. The fact that genetic differences between even such closely related strains can be reliably detected by this method holds great promise for studies of insect pests including the ability to monitor the movements of pest species, determining the extent of genetic variation in pest populations, and in making identifications from otherwise unidentifiable material. C1 USDA ARS,HONOLULU,HI 96804. RP HAYMER, DS (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,DEPT GENET & MOLEC BIOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD JUN PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 528 EP 533 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA JA008 UT WOS:A1992JA00800022 PM 1352513 ER PT J AU MERMUT, AR NORTON, LD AF MERMUT, AR NORTON, LD TI DIGITIZATION, PROCESSING AND QUANTITATIVE INTERPRETATION OF IMAGE-ANALYSIS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND RELATED AREAS - PREFACE SO GEODERMA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA,NATL SOIL EROS LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP MERMUT, AR (reprint author), UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,DEPT SOIL SCI,SASKATOON S7N 0W0,SASKATCHEWAN,CANADA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUN PY 1992 VL 53 IS 3-4 BP R3 EP R4 DI 10.1016/0016-7061(92)90053-A PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JG283 UT WOS:A1992JG28300001 ER PT J AU RUMBLE, MA ANDERSON, SH AF RUMBLE, MA ANDERSON, SH TI STRATIFICATION OF HABITATS FOR IDENTIFYING HABITAT SELECTION BY MERRIAM TURKEYS SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE MERRIAM WILD TURKEYS; MELEAGRIS-GALLOPAVO MERRIAMI; HABITAT DESCRIPTIONS; FOREST MANAGEMENT; HABITAT SELECTION AB Habitat selection patterns of Merriam's Turkeys were compared in hierarchical analyses of three levels of habitat stratification. Habitat descriptions in first-level analyses were based on dominant species of vegetation. Habitat descriptions in second-level analyses were based on dominant species of vegetation and overstory canopy cover. Habitat descriptions in third-level analyses were based on dominant species of vegetation, overstory canopy cover, and structural stages (dbh categories). First-level analyses showed turkeys selected for ponderosa pine and selected against meadow habitats. No conclusions could be drawn regarding forest management on habitat selection of turkeys at this level of habitat stratification. Second-level analyses showed that selection of ponderosa pine and aspen/birch habitats varied among seasons. Implications for forest management activities on turkeys at this level of habitat stratification could be made. Third-level analyses added little to conclusions of habitat selection patterns drawn from second-level analyses and increased chances for Type II errors. Habitat selection patterns of Merriam's Turkeys were best described when habitats were stratified by dominant species of vegetation and overstory canopy cover. RP RUMBLE, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,S DAKOTA SCH MINES,501 E ST JOSEPH ST,RAPID CITY,SD 57701, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 52 IS 2 BP 139 EP 144 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JP564 UT WOS:A1992JP56400004 ER PT J AU SAAB, VA MARKS, JS AF SAAB, VA MARKS, JS TI SUMMER HABITAT USE BY COLUMBIAN SHARP-TAILED GROUSE IN WESTERN IDAHO SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE TYMPANUCHUS-PHASIANELLUS COLUMBIANUS; COLUMBIAN SHARP-TAILED GROUSE; IDAHO; SUMMER HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS; MANAGEMENT AB We studied summer habitat use by Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus) in western Idaho during 1983-85. Vegetative and topographic measurements were recorded at 716 locations of 15 radio-tagged grouse and at 180 random sites within the major vegetation/cover types in the study area. The mean size of summer home ranges was 1.87 +/- 1.14 km2. Of eight cover types identified in the study area, individual grouse used the big sagebrush (Artemisia trdentata) cover type more than or in proportion to availability, the low sagebrush (A. arbuscula) type in proportion to availability, and avoided the shrubby eriogonum (Eriogonum spp.) type. Characteristics of the big sagebrush cover type that Sharp-tailed Grouse preferred include moderate vegetative cover, high plant species diversity, and high structural diversity. Grouse used areas of dense cover (i.e., mountain shrub and riparian cover types) primarily for escape cover. Compared with random sites, grouse selected areas with (1) greater horizontal and vertical cover, (2) greater canopy coverage of forbs typically decreased by livestock grazing, (3) greater density and canopy coverage of arrowleaf balsamroot (Balsamorhiza sagittata), and (4) greater canopy coverage of bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum) in the big sagebrush cover type in 1984 and the low sagebrush cover type in l985. The importance of the native perennials arrowleaf balsamroot and bluebunch wheatgrass became apparent during a drought year when many exotic annuals dried up and provided no cover. Overall, grouse selected vegetative communities that were least modified by livestock grazing. RP SAAB, VA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,316 E MYRTLE ST,BOISE,ID 83702, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 52 IS 2 BP 166 EP 173 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JP564 UT WOS:A1992JP56400009 ER PT J AU URBAN, JF MADDEN, KB SVETIC, A CHEEVER, A TROTTA, PP GAUSE, WC KATONA, IM FINKELMAN, FD AF URBAN, JF MADDEN, KB SVETIC, A CHEEVER, A TROTTA, PP GAUSE, WC KATONA, IM FINKELMAN, FD TI THE IMPORTANCE OF TH2-CYTOKINES IN PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY TO NEMATODES SO IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID STIMULATORY FACTOR-I; T-CELL SUBSETS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; LYMPHOCYTES-T; B-CELLS; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; MURINE LEISHMANIASIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; INFECTED-RATS; IGE RESPONSE C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,F EDWARD HEBERT SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,F EDWARD HEBERT SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,F EDWARD HEBERT SCH MED,DEPT MED,BETHESDA,MD 20814. NIAID,PARASIT DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. SCHERING RES INST,SCHERING RES,DIV BIOTECHNOL BIOCHEM,BLOOMFIELD,NJ 07003. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-21328, AI-26150] NR 70 TC 315 Z9 320 U1 0 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0105-2896 J9 IMMUNOL REV JI Immunol. Rev. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 127 BP 205 EP 220 DI 10.1111/j.1600-065X.1992.tb01415.x PG 16 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA JD818 UT WOS:A1992JD81800010 PM 1354652 ER PT J AU KOGA, D FUNAKOSHI, T MIZUKI, K IDE, A KRAMER, KJ ZEN, KC CHOI, H MUTHUKRISHNAN, S AF KOGA, D FUNAKOSHI, T MIZUKI, K IDE, A KRAMER, KJ ZEN, KC CHOI, H MUTHUKRISHNAN, S TI IMMUNOBLOT ANALYSIS OF CHITINOLYTIC ENZYMES IN INTEGUMENT AND MOLTING FLUID OF THE SILKWORM, BOMBYX-MORI, AND THE TOBACCO HORNWORM, MANDUCA-SEXTA SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACTIVITY STAINING; BETA-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINIDASE; BOMBYX-MORI; CHITINASE; CHITINOLYTIC ENZYMES; DEVELOPMENTAL PROFILE; IMMUNOBLOTTING; MANDUCA-SEXTA ID LARVAL-PUPAL TRANSFORMATION; PURIFICATION; LEPIDOPTERA; SPHINGIDAE; CHITINASE AB The occurrence of proteins related to chitinolytic enzymes in integument of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, and the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, during the larval-pupal transformation was determined by immunoblot analysis using rabbit polyclonal antibodies for B. mori chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) as probes. Similar temporal patterns of appearance and immunoreactivities of chitinase-like and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase-like proteins were observed in the two species. Several chitinase-like proteins (MWapp 50-200 kDa) were resolved by denaturing electrophoresis. During the latter part of the fifth larval stadium, the major immunoreactive protein in B. mori integument and molting fluid had an apparent molecular mass of 88 kDa, which was previously observed (Koga et al., 1989). In M. sexta integument on days 6-8 of the fifth larval stadium and in molting fluid, the major immunoreactive protein had an apparent molecular mass of 97 kDa, which was 22 kDa larger than the 75 kDa chitinase detected in molting fluid (Koga et al., 1983). In integument on days 3-7 of the fifth larval stadium, another immunoreactive protein with an apparent molecular mass of 119 kDa was present. In contrast to multiple immunoreactive chitinase-like proteins, only a single major beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase-immunoreactive protein was detected in integument and molting fluid from either species. The immunoreactive beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase-like proteins had an apparent molecular mass of 67.5 kDa and a pI of 5.0, which are identical values to those of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases determined previously. The beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases cleaved N-acetylchitooligosaccharides from the non-reducing end in an exo-fashion. The results of this study suggest that chitinases are synthesized in B. mori and M. sexta integuments as zymogens, which are activated by limited proteolysis, whereas beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases are not. C1 USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP KOGA, D (reprint author), YAMAGUCHI UNIV,FAC AGR,BIOCHEM LAB,YAMAGUCHI 753,JAPAN. NR 15 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 22 IS 4 BP 305 EP 311 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(92)90068-P PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA JD433 UT WOS:A1992JD43300001 ER PT J AU STALLINGS, D AF STALLINGS, D TI EXCHANGE-RATE FORECASTING - DUNIS,C, FEENY,M SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FORECASTING LA English DT Book Review RP STALLINGS, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,DEMAND & TRADE INDICATORS SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2070 J9 INT J FORECASTING JI Int. J. Forecast. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 1 BP 116 EP 117 DI 10.1016/0169-2070(92)90019-6 PG 2 WC Economics; Management SC Business & Economics GA HZ830 UT WOS:A1992HZ83000018 ER PT J AU MONACO, RM AF MONACO, RM TI UNCERTAINTY - A GUIDE TO DEALING WITH UNCERTAINTY IN QUANTITATIVE RISK AND POLICY ANALYSIS - MORGAN,MG, HENRION,M SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FORECASTING LA English DT Book Review RP MONACO, RM (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2070 J9 INT J FORECASTING JI Int. J. Forecast. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 1 BP 119 EP 120 DI 10.1016/0169-2070(92)90021-Z PG 2 WC Economics; Management SC Business & Economics GA HZ830 UT WOS:A1992HZ83000020 ER PT J AU BURSON, BL AF BURSON, BL TI CYTOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PASPALUM-DILATATUM AND P-CROMYORRHIZON, P-INDECORUM, AND P-LAXUM SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENOME RELATIONS; VAGINATUM; CYTOLOGY; NOTATUM AB Paspalum cromyorrhizon Trin. (2n = 2x = 20), P. indecorum Mez (2n = 2x = 20), and P. laxum Lam. (2n = 6x = 60) were crossed with yellow-anthered dallisgrass, P. dilatatum Poir. (2n = 4x = 40), to determine their genome relationships. Meiosis was irregular in all hybrids examined. Twelve P. dilatatum x P. cromyorrhizon hybrids had a chromosome number of 2n = 3x = 30. The mean chromosome association of these hybrids was 25.50I and 2.25II per cell. Seven P. dilatatum x P. indecorum hybrids had 30 chromosomes. Their mean meiotic chromosome association was 23.45I, 3.27II, and 0.004III per cell. Three P. dilatatum x P. laxum hybrids had 50 chromosomes. Their mean chromosome association was 44.76I, 2.61II, and 0.004III per cell. In all hybrids, a majority of the bivalents were synapsed as rods. The P. dilatatum biotype in these crosses has the genome formula II JJ, and this study indicates that the other three species do not have the I or J genome. Previous crosses have shown that P. cromyorrhizon has a form of the N genome, and this study supports that finding. The genome compositions of P. indecorum and P. laxum remain unknown. RP BURSON, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 153 IS 2 BP 244 EP 249 DI 10.1086/297028 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HX689 UT WOS:A1992HX68900013 ER PT J AU SEAGULL, RW AF SEAGULL, RW TI THE HORMONAL-REGULATION OF CELL ELONGATION THROUGH CHANGES IN MICROTUBULE ORIENTATION - COMMENTARY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID PLANT CYTOSKELETON RP SEAGULL, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 153 IS 2 BP R3 EP R4 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HX689 UT WOS:A1992HX68900001 ER PT J AU ADAMS, TS GERST, JW AF ADAMS, TS GERST, JW TI INTERACTION BETWEEN DIET AND HORMONES ON VITELLOGENIN LEVELS IN THE HOUSEFLY, MUSCA-DOMESTICA SO INVERTEBRATE REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE JUVENILE HORMONE; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; PROTEIN-FEEDING; CORPUS ALLATUM; CORPUS CARDIACUM; OVARY ID CARDIACUM ALLATUM COMPLEX; JUVENILE-HORMONE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; FAT-BODY; BRAIN HORMONE; AEDES-AEGYPTI; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; MOSQUITO; EXPRESSION; OOGENESIS AB Vitellogenin levels in houseflies maintained on sucrose did not increase after pulse-feeding protein if the corpus allatum-cardiacum (CA-CC) complex was removed or if the flies were allatectomized within 6 h of emergence. Vitellogenin levels did increase, however, after pulse-feeding protein to ovariectomized flies or to insects that were allatectomized at 48 h, but the levels were significantly lower than in the unoperated protein-fed controls. Ecdysteroid levels did not increase after pulse-feeding protein to sucrose-fed flies if the CA-CC complex or ovaries had been removed or if the flies were allatectomized at 6 h. Flies that had the CA-CC complex and ovaries removed (- OV) did not have any detectable vitellogenin on either the sucrose or protein diets. Treatment of these - CA-CC - OV sucrose-fed flies with either methoprene (JHA) or 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) did not result in vitellogenin production, but treating them with both hormones did. Flies on the protein diet produced vitellogenin after treatment with JHA or 20-HE either alone or together. Diet appears to be modulating the action of OH and 20-HE on the induction of vitellogenin production in Musca. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,FARGO,ND 58105. RP ADAMS, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI LAB,UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT, ISRAEL SN 0168-8170 J9 INVERTEBR REPROD DEV JI Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 21 IS 2 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1080/07924259.1992.9672224 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA JD824 UT WOS:A1992JD82400002 ER PT J AU CHRASTIL, J ZARINS, ZM AF CHRASTIL, J ZARINS, ZM TI INFLUENCE OF STORAGE ON PEPTIDE SUBUNIT COMPOSITION OF RICE ORYZENIN SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GLUTELIN POLYPEPTIDES; PROTEINS; GRAINS; SEEDS; GENE AB Peptide subunits of oryzenin preparation from postharvest and stored rice grains of the two typical U.S. rice varieties (long and medium grain) have been studied by SDS-PAGE. Both studied varieties of the postharvest and/or stored rice had similar qualitative peptide subunit compositions. The subunits which occurred in the reduced denatured oryzenin had molecular weights 12 300,14 200,22 000-23 000 (double spot), 32 000-37 000 (double spot), 56 000, 79 200, 83 000, 91 300, 104 000, 141 000, 169 000, 181 000, and 202 000. The results revealed differences not only between the rice varieties but also between the postharvest and stored rice grains of the same variety. The low molecular weight peptide subunits decreased and the high molecular weight peptide subunits increased during storage. The average molecular weight of oryzenin increased during storage. This increase was caused not only by the cystine bridges but also by more complex changes in peptide composition. RP CHRASTIL, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 22 TC 33 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 927 EP 930 DI 10.1021/jf00018a001 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HZ937 UT WOS:A1992HZ93700001 ER PT J AU HERNANDEZ, E CHEN, CS SHAW, PE CARTER, RD BARROS, S AF HERNANDEZ, E CHEN, CS SHAW, PE CARTER, RD BARROS, S TI ULTRAFILTRATION OF ORANGE JUICE - EFFECT ON SOLUBLE SOLIDS, SUSPENDED-SOLIDS, AND AROMA SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PASSION FRUIT JUICE; SERUM; PULP AB Freshly squeezed orange juice was ultrafiltered in a hollow fiber cross-flow ultrafiltration system. The suspended solids (pulp) in the juice were completely separated with a membrane cutoff of 5 x 10(5) molecular weight. The membrane retained most of the pectin material, and the viscosity of the permeate (juice serum) was appreciably reduced. Concentration of permeate by evaporation was achieved up to 75-degrees-Brix. No pectinesterase activity was detected in the permeate. Some aroma compounds, particularly hydrocarbons, remained in the retentate. Oxygenated aroma components such as alcohols, esters, and aldehydes remained in the permeate. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,CREC,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. FLORIDA DEPT CITRUS,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. RP HERNANDEZ, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,S ATLANTIC AREA,600 AVE S NW,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33881, USA. NR 23 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 986 EP 988 DI 10.1021/jf00018a014 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HZ937 UT WOS:A1992HZ93700014 ER PT J AU SHAW, PE MOSHONAS, MG NISPEROSCARRIEDO, MO CARTER, RD AF SHAW, PE MOSHONAS, MG NISPEROSCARRIEDO, MO CARTER, RD TI CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE TREATMENT OF FRESHLY HARVESTED ORANGES AT ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE TO INCREASE VOLATILE FLAVOR COMPONENTS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Hamlin and Valencia oranges were treated under several controlled-atmosphere (CA) conditions at 33 or 38-degrees-C for 24 h involving air flow or nitrogen or carbon dioxide gases in closed containers. Laboratory-scale studies showed a maximum 1.5-3-fold increase in acetaldehyde and ethanol and a maximum 3-15-fold increase in 4 volatile esters, while 13 minor volatile components monitored showed no consistent changes. Use of plastic bags under vacuum on individual fruit gave similar results, showing plastic films to be alternatives to inert gases in creating low-oxygen conditions. On a pilot-plant scale Pineapple oranges treated under low-oxygen CA conditions at 33-degrees-C afforded the flavor fractions, aqueous orange essence and essence oil, having 2-fold increases in several volatile components considered to be important to orange flavor. These increases are comparable to those reported earlier from fruit treated under similar CA conditions at room temperature. C1 FLORIDA DEPT CITRUS,CTR CITRUS SCI & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. RP SHAW, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,S ATLANTIC AREA,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1041 EP 1045 DI 10.1021/jf00018a026 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HZ937 UT WOS:A1992HZ93700026 ER PT J AU YANG, G WISEMAN, BR ESPELIE, KE AF YANG, G WISEMAN, BR ESPELIE, KE TI CUTICULAR LIPIDS FROM SILKS OF 7 CORN GENOTYPES AND THEIR EFFECT ON DEVELOPMENT OF CORN-EARWORM LARVAE [HELICOVERPA-ZEA (BODDIE)] SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NOCTUIDAE LARVAE; LEAF SURFACE; MAIZE SILKS; LEPIDOPTERA; RESISTANT; PLANTS; MAYSIN; WAXES AB Cuticular lipids were extracted from the silks of seven corn genotypes, GT201wx, GT202wx, GT210wx, GT113, GT115, Antigua 2D-118, and Pioneer X304C. These lipids were identified by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. There were compositional differences between genotypes, but the major components for each extract were n-alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes, fatty acids, and fatty alcohols. Alkenes comprised a much higher percentage (between 3% and 15%) of the surface lipids than they do in most plant cuticular lipids. Corn earworm larvae, Helicoverpa zea, were reared on meridic diet containing either chloroform-extracted or unextracted silks from the seven genotypes. Growth of larvae was monitored and shown to be significantly greater when larvae were reared on diet containing silks from which the cuticular lipids had been removed than when they were reared on diet containing unextracted silks. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1058 EP 1061 DI 10.1021/jf00018a030 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HZ937 UT WOS:A1992HZ93700030 ER PT J AU WILLIS, GH MCDOWELL, LL SMITH, S SOUTHWICK, LM AF WILLIS, GH MCDOWELL, LL SMITH, S SOUTHWICK, LM TI FOLIAR WASHOFF OF OIL-APPLIED MALATHION AND PERMETHRIN AS A FUNCTION OF TIME AFTER APPLICATION SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ULTRA-LOW-VOLUME; COTTON PLANTS; RAINFALL; FORMULATION; PERSISTENCE; DEPOSITS; LEAVES; CORN AB Understanding pesticide foliar washoff is important in environmental modeling and in pest management. Malathion [diethyl (dimethoxyphosphinothioyl)thiobutanedioate] and permethrin [(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (1R,S)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate] were applied in oil to mature cotton plants with an ultra-low-volume (ULV) applicator. Simulated rainfall (51 mm in 1 h) was applied to the plants at times ranging from 2 to 146 h after insecticide application to determine washoff characteristics. Residues appeared to become increasingly resistant to washoff with time. Most of the washoff occurred early in each rainfall event. ULV-oil application in this study did not appear to improve insecticide rainfastness compared to a conventional application in a previous study. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. RP WILLIS, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,POB 25071,UNIV STN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70894, USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1086 EP 1089 DI 10.1021/jf00018a036 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HZ937 UT WOS:A1992HZ93700036 ER PT J AU NEMEC, S AF NEMEC, S TI GLOMUS-INTRARADIX EFFECTS ON CITRUS ROOTSTOCK SEEDLING GROWTH IN VARIOUS POTTING MEDIA SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; CALCINED MONTMORILLONITE CLAY; NUTRIENT COMPOSITION; INFECTION; PHOSPHORUS; AMMONIUM AB Five potting media components mixed in various combinations and in various percentages of one with another (0, 14.3, 29, 42, 57, 71 and 100 % by volume of the second component with the first) were inoculated with Glomus intraradix in six experiments. Seedlings of citrus rootstocks were grown from seed in these mixes. Sour orange in inoculated peat plus vermiculite. Astatula fine sand plus vermiculite, and peat plus Perlite(R) in all percentage combinations grew c. two- to threefold taller than noninoculated control plants. Up to twofold growth increases of sour orange occurred in vermiculite amended with wood shavings. The best evidence for fungus-mediated plant growth occurred in Astatula fine sand amended with 29-71 % Perlite, and the roots in that combination had the highest percentage of infection. In another experiment in which Astatula fine sand was amended with up to 16 % of an acid peat, ratios of inoculated rough lemon plant growth to controls decreased as the peat content in the medium increased. Top and root weight ratios of inoculated:control seedlings in the six experiments did not fit four simple linear models. RP NEMEC, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0021-8596 J9 J AGR SCI JI J. Agric. Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 118 BP 315 EP 323 PN 3 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA HY651 UT WOS:A1992HY65100007 ER PT J AU JENKINS, TG FERRELL, CL AF JENKINS, TG FERRELL, CL TI LACTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF 9 BREEDS OF CATTLE FED VARIOUS QUANTITIES OF DIETARY ENERGY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF COWS; BREED DIFFERENCES; ENERGY INTAKE; MILK PRODUCTION ID REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; BEEF-CATTLE; MILK-PRODUCTION; COWS; BODY; EFFICIENCY; NUTRITION; PROGENY; GROWTH; YIELD AB Milk yield data were collected by weigh-suckle-weigh procedures at approximately 14, 28, 56, 84, 112, 138, 156, 184, and 212 d postpartum for mature Angus, Braunvieh, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Limousin, Red Poll, Pinzgauer, and Simmental cows over a 4-yr period. Individual cows were fed at one of four energy intake levels. Parameters characterizing lactation curves for 431 lactations from 179 cows were estimated by nonlinear regression. Differences due to breed, level of energy intake, and the two-factor interaction between breed and level of ME allowance for scale and shape parameters of lactation curves and derived estimates for time of peak lactation, yield at time of peak lactation, and for total yield for a 210-d lactation period were evaluated. Breed and energy intake level were significant sources of variation for all traits. Pooled over energy levels, daily yields at time of peak lactation of Braunvieh, Gelbvieh, and Pinzgauer were greater (P < .05) than those of Angus, Charolais, Hereford, and Limousin. Simmental and Red Poll were intermediate. Total lactation yield of the Braunvieh exceeded (P < .05) that of all other breeds with the exception of Gelbvieh. Hereford produced less milk than (P < .05) the other breeds. The response in yields at time of peak lactation as energy allowances increased for Braunvieh, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Limousin, and Pinzgauer cows was linear and resulted in higher yields at this time. Linear increases in total 210-d yield and times of peak lactation were observed for all breeds with the exception of Hereford. RP JENKINS, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 24 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1652 EP 1660 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HZ088 UT WOS:A1992HZ08800001 PM 1634388 ER PT J AU COLE, NA PURDY, CW HUTCHESON, DP AF COLE, NA PURDY, CW HUTCHESON, DP TI INFLUENCE OF YEAST CULTURE ON FEEDER CALVES AND LAMBS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CALVES; LAMBS; YEAST CULTURE; STRESS; DIETS; METABOLISM ID NITROGEN-METABOLISM; FERMENTATION; PERFORMANCE AB Four experiments were conducted to determine the influence of yeast culture on 1) the health and performance of feeder calves, 2) the response of calves to an infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) infection, and 3) nutrient utilization in lambs fasted for 3 d. In Exp. 1, 108 feeder calves were transported from Tennessee to Texas (1,600 km) and fed receiving diets containing 0 or.75% yeast culture and.35 or.69% P in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. In Exp. 2, 101 calves were transported 950 kg from Austin, TX to Bushland, TX and fed receiving diets containing 0, .75, 1.125, or 1.5% yeast culture. Yeast culture did not significantly affect the health or performance of calves in either experiment, although morbid calves fed yeast culture required fewer (P < .05) days of antibiotic therapy in Exp. 2. In Exp. 3, feeder steers were fed diets containing 0 or .75% yeast culture and challenged intranasally with IBRV. Calves fed yeast culture tended to maintain heavier weights and higher DMI during IBRV infection than did steers fed the control diet. In Exp. 4, feeder lambs were fasted for 3 d and refed diets containing 0, .75, 1.125, or 1.5% yeast culture during a N and mineral balance trial. Lambs fed yeast culture had greater (P < .08) N balance and tended to have greater Zn and Fe balance than control lambs. Results of these studies are interpreted to suggest that supplementation of morbid calves with yeast culture can have beneficial effects (fewer sick days, higher feed intakes) and that these effects may be mediated by improved N, Zn, and Fe metabolism. C1 TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,AMARILLO,TX 79106. RP COLE, NA (reprint author), USDA,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 19 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1682 EP 1690 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HZ088 UT WOS:A1992HZ08800005 PM 1634392 ER PT J AU GREGORY, KE CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM AF GREGORY, KE CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM TI BREED EFFECTS AND HETEROSIS IN ADVANCED GENERATIONS OF COMPOSITE POPULATIONS ON ACTUAL WEIGHT, ADJUSTED WEIGHT, HIP HEIGHT, AND CONDITION SCORE OF BEEF-COWS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; HETEROSIS; BREED DIFFERENCES; WEIGHT; HEIGHT; CONDITION SCORE ID CATTLE AB Heterosis effects were evaluated in three composite populations in F1, F2, and F3 generations separately and combined in 1-yr-old and from 2- through greater-than-or-equal-to 7-yr-old beef cows. Traits included actual weight, weight adjusted to a common condition score, hip height, and condition score. Breed effects were evaluated in the nine parental breeds (Red Poll [R], Hereford [H], Angus [A], Limousin [L], Braunvieh [B], Pinzgauer [P], Gelbvieh [G], Simmental [S], and Charolais [C]) that contributed to the three composite populations (MARC I = 1/4 B, 1/4 C, 1/4 L, 1/8 H, 1/8 A; MARC II = 1/4 G, 1/4 S, 1/4 H, 1/4 A; and MARC III = 1/4 R, 1/4 P, 1/4 H, 1/4 A). Breed group (parental breed and composite) effects were significant for all traits analyzed. The effects of heterosis were generally important (P < .05) for all traits in F1, F2, and F3 generations separately and combined in the three composite populations. Generally, the magnitude of heterosis observed at 1 yr of age did not differ from that observed in cows from 2 through greater-than-or-equal-to 7 yr old. Adjusting weight to a common condition score resulted in an average reduction of heterosis effects on actual weight by approximately one-fourth. Thus, approximately one-fourth of the effects of heterosis on weight result from heterosis effects on condition score. Generally, retained heterosis in the F3 generation of either 1-yr-old or from 2- through > 7-yr-old cows of the three composite populations did not differ (P > .05) from expectation based on retained heterozygosity for the traits analyzed. These results support the hypothesis that heterosis for weight, hip height, and condition score of cows of these age classes is the result of dominance effects of genes. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP GREGORY, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1742 EP 1754 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HZ088 UT WOS:A1992HZ08800011 PM 1634398 ER PT J AU PERKINS, A FITZGERALD, JA AF PERKINS, A FITZGERALD, JA TI LUTEINIZING-HORMONE, TESTOSTERONE, AND BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSE OF MALE-ORIENTED RAMS TO ESTROUS EWES AND RAMS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RAMS; LH; TESTOSTERONE; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR ID SEXUAL PERFORMANCE; SOCIAL EXPERIENCES; OVIS-ARIES; SECRETION; ORIENTATION; FEMALES AB During the breeding season three experiments were conducted to evaluate the LH and testosterone (T) response of rams with male sexual orientation (e.g., male-oriented homosexual rams) to female sheep, to male sheep, and to treatment with LHRH. Male-oriented rams were identified through a series of sexual performance and sexual preference tests. Treatments included exposure to estrous females and to males for 15 min (Exp. 1) and exposure to estrous females and to males for 8 h (Exp. 2). Behavioral responses to stimulus animals were recorded. In Exp. 2 homosexual rams mounted males more than females (P < .02) and exhibited more flehmen (P < .002) and investigatory sniffs (P < .01) when exposed to males vs females. Acts of aggression (butting the stimulus animals) did not differ by gender (P > .1). Flehmen and butting were positively correlated to LH secretion (P < .02) of rams exposed to females but not to males. In Exp. 1, LH concentration determined every 15 min for 6 h was not affected (P > .05) by the gender of the stimulus animal. In Exp. 2, LH pulse frequency and concentration were similar (P > .05) by treatment. Lack of an LH response to sexual activity in homosexual rams was not a result of pituitary or gonadal insensitivity; within 1 h of a single injection of LHRH both LH and T increased (Exp. 3). Individual mean T concentrations were higher in five of seven homosexual rams when they were exposed to males vs females. As a group, mean T concentration during 8 h was higher (P < .1) when homosexual rams were exposed to males vs females. These data show that homosexual rams do not exhibit an endocrine response to estrous ewes. Sexual behaviors directed toward males do not influence LH secretion, but in some individuals T concentration increases. C1 USDA,DUBOIS,ID 83423. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 28 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1787 EP 1794 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HZ088 UT WOS:A1992HZ08800015 PM 1634402 ER PT J AU JUNG, HG VALDEZ, FR ABAD, AR BLANCHETTE, RA HATFIELD, RD AF JUNG, HG VALDEZ, FR ABAD, AR BLANCHETTE, RA HATFIELD, RD TI EFFECT OF WHITE ROT BASIDIOMYCETES ON CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION AND INVITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF OAT STRAW AND ALFALFA STEMS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FUNGI; LIGNIN; OAT STRAW; ALFALFA; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; FORAGE DIGESTIBILITY ID WHEAT STRAW; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; LIGNIN DEGRADATION; PHENOLIC MONOMERS; CELL-WALLS; BIRCH WOOD; FUNGI; POLYSACCHARIDES; DELIGNIFICATION; FERMENTATION AB Five white rot basidiomycetes were evaluated for their potential to improve rumina degradation of oat straw and alfalfa stems Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PC), Scytinostroma galactinum (SG), Phlebia tremellosa (PT), Phellinus pini (PP), and Pholiota mutabilis (PM) were incubated on oat straw and alfalfa stems for 30 d 28-degrees-C and 90% relative humidity. Detergent fiber and total fiber components (neutral sugars, uronic acids, Klason lignin [KL], and ester- and ether linked non-core lignin phenolics), core lignin nitro benzene oxidation products, and IVDMD were determined. Electron microscopy of KMnO4-stained and cellulase/colloidal gold-labeled sections was used to monitor fungal activity. Large losses of DM were noted for all fungal species on both substrates. Lignin (KL and ADL) was remove (P < .05) from oat straw by PC and PT treatment, but no net loss of lignin was observed for fungal treatment of alfalfa stems. Cell-wall polysaccharides were removed from both substrates by fungal activity. Only PC increased (P < .05) IVDMD, of oat straw, and SG, PT, PP, and PC treatment decreased (P < .05) IVDMD of alfalfa stems, presumably because the fungi removed the most readily fermentable polysaccharides. Transmission electron microscopy using KMnO4 staining showed a nonselective white rot attack. Cytochemical studies using colloidal gold-labeled exo- and endocellulases were used to map the location of cellulose in the cell wall before and after decay by the white rot fungi. AH the white rot fungi tested had eroded and thinned cell walls. Residual cell walls were well-labeled; both endo- and exocellulose-colloidal gold identified the cellulosic wall material that remained. It seems that PC can improve the quality of oat straw, but the loss of DM severely limits the practical benefit of this increased digestibility. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ANIM SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR CLUSTER,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP JUNG, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 30 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 70 IS 6 BP 1928 EP 1935 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HZ088 UT WOS:A1992HZ08800033 PM 1321801 ER PT J AU SELANDER, RK SMITH, NH LI, J BELTRAN, P FERRIS, KE KOPECKO, DJ RUBIN, FA AF SELANDER, RK SMITH, NH LI, J BELTRAN, P FERRIS, KE KOPECKO, DJ RUBIN, FA TI MOLECULAR EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS OF THE CATTLE-ADAPTED SEROVAR SALMONELLA-DUBLIN SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; VI ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE PLASMID; PARATYPHI-C; STRAINS; TYPHIMURIUM; PHYLOGENY; TYPHI; POLYSACCHARIDE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB An electrophoretic analysis of allelic variation at 24 enzyme loci among 170 isolates of the serovar Salmonella dublin (serotype 1,9,12[Vi]:g,p:-) identified three electrophoretic types (Du 1, Du 3, and Du 4), marking three closely related clones, one of which (Du 1) is globally distributed and was represented by 95% of the randomly selected isolates. All but 1 of 114 nonmotile isolates of serotype 1,9,12:-:- recovered from cattle and swine in the United States were genotypically Du 1. The virulence capsular polysaccharide (Vi antigen) is confined to clone Du 3, which apparently is limited in distribution to France and Great Britain. For all 29 isolates of Du 3, positive signals were detected when genomic DNA was hybridized with a probe specific for the ViaB region, which contains the structurally determinant genes for the Vi antigen; and 23 of these isolates had been serologically typed as Vi positive. In contrast, all 30 isolates of Du 1 tested with the ViaB probe were negative. These findings strongly suggest that the ViaB genes were recently acquired by S. dublin via horizontal transfer and additive recombination. The clones of S. dublin are closely similar to the globally predominant clone (En 1) of Salmonella enteritidis (serotype 1,9,12:g,m:-) in both multilocus enzyme genotype and nucleotide sequence of the fliC gene encoding phase 1 flagellin. Comparative sequencing of fliC has revealed the molecular genetic basis for expression of the p and m flagellar epitopes by which these serovars are distinguished in the Kauffmann-White serological scheme of classification. C1 NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT BACTERIAL IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP SELANDER, RK (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,INST MOLEC EVOLUTIONARY GENET,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. RI Smith, Noel/C-6708-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI22144] NR 59 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 174 IS 11 BP 3587 EP 3592 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HX278 UT WOS:A1992HX27800024 PM 1592813 ER PT J AU JACOBITZ, S BISHOP, PE AF JACOBITZ, S BISHOP, PE TI REGULATION OF NITROGENASE-2 IN AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII BY AMMONIUM, MOLYBDENUM, AND VANADIUM SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 2ND ALTERNATIVE NITROGENASE; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; STRUCTURAL GENES; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; FIXATION SYSTEM; NIFA; MOBILIZATION; EXPRESSION AB Under diazotrophic conditions in the absence of molybdenum and in the presence of vanadium, Azotobacter vinelandii reduces N2 to NH4+ by using nitrogenase-2, a V-containing enzyme complex encoded by vnfH (the gene for dinitrogenase reductase-2), and vnfDGK (the genes for dinitrogenase-2 subunits). Accumulation of the vnfHorfFd and vnfDGK transcripts occurred under Mo-deficient conditions in the presence and absence of V; however, in the case of vnfDGK, the protein products only accumulated in the presence of V. This suggests that V is required for translation of the vnfDGK transcripts. In addition, expression of vnfH-lacZ and vnfD-lacZ transcriptional fusions was only partially repressed in the presence of NH4+. Transcripts hybridizing with vnfH (1.4 and 1.0 kb), vnfDG (3.4 and 1.8 kb), and vnfK (3.4 kb) were detected in RNA extracted from wild-type cells cultured with NH4+ in the presence or absence of V. However, nitrogenase-2 subunits were not detected in extracts of cells derepressed for nitrogenase-2 in the presence of NH4+. These results indicate that this nitrogen source acts at the posttranscriptional level as well as at the transcriptional level. vnf transcripts were not detected in the presence of Mo (with or without NH4+). C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 174 IS 12 BP 3884 EP 3888 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HY093 UT WOS:A1992HY09300006 PM 1597411 ER PT J AU WALL, RJ HAWK, HW NEL, N AF WALL, RJ HAWK, HW NEL, N TI MAKING TRANSGENIC LIVESTOCK - GENETIC-ENGINEERING ON A LARGE-SCALE SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FARM ANIMALS; MICROINJECTION; EFFICIENCY; LIMITATIONS ID RABBIT OVIDUCTS; HOLSTEIN COWS; SHEEP; MICROINJECTION; PRONUCLEI; EMBRYOS; MICE; PIGS; FERTILIZATION; EXPRESSION AB The feasibility of introducing foreign genes into the genomes of cattle, goats, pigs, and sheep has only recently been demonstrated. Studies have thus far focused on improving growth efficiency or directing expression of pharmaceutical proteins to the mammary glands of these species. The general strategy for producing transgenic livestock and mice is similar. In addition to the obvious difference in scale between mice and livestock experiments, there are noteworthy obstacles that significantly reduce the efficiency of producing transgenic livestock. Low embryo viability, low transgene integration rates, and high animal costs contribute to project costs that can easily exceed hundreds of thousands of dollars. A better understanding of the mechanisms that govern transgene integration should lead to improved efficiencies. But, the full potential of the transgenic livestock system will not be fully realized until: 1) gene constructs can be designed that function in a reproducible, predictable manner; and 2) the genetic control of physiological processes are more clearly elucidated. Newly emerging approaches may resolve at least some of these issues within the next decade. C1 ANIM & DAIRY SCI RES INST,DEV AGR DEV,IRENE 1675,SOUTH AFRICA. RP WALL, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 44 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 49 IS 2 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1002/jcb.240490203 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA HZ935 UT WOS:A1992HZ93500002 PM 1400618 ER PT J AU FALES, HM JONES, TH JAOUNI, T BLUM, MS SCHMIDT, JO AF FALES, HM JONES, TH JAOUNI, T BLUM, MS SCHMIDT, JO TI PHENYLALKENALS IN PONERINE (LEPTOGENYS SP) AND MYRMICINE (POGONOMYRMEX SP) ANTS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHENYLALKENALS; LEPTOGENYS SPP; POGONOMYRMEX-RUGOSUS; HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE; 2-PHENYLPROPENAL, 2-PHENYL-2-BUTENAL; 2,5-DIMETHYL-3-(1-METHYL)BUTYLPYRAZINE; 2,5-DIMETHYL-3-ISOPENTYLPYRAZINE; 2,5-DIMETHYL-3-ISOPENTENYL-6-ISOPENTYLPYRAZINE; 4-METHYL-3-HEPTANONE; 5-METHYL-3-HEXANONE; MAILLARD REACTION; BENZALDEHYDE; CHEMORECEPTORS; DEFENSIVE ALLOMONES AB Cephalic extracts of two unrelated species of ants, Leptogenys processionalis and Pogonomyrmex rugosus, have been found to contain 2-phenylpropenal and 2-phenyl-2-butenal, while two other species related to the first, L. chinensis and L. kitteli, lacked either. L. kitteli also produced a tetrasubstituted pyrazine found previously only in two New Zealand ants in the genus Mesoponera. The chemical reactivity of the phenylalkenals suggests their function in repelling attack by predators. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,BEE RES LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85719. RP FALES, HM (reprint author), NHLBI,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 18 IS 6 BP 847 EP 854 DI 10.1007/BF00988325 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HV974 UT WOS:A1992HV97400004 PM 24254088 ER PT J AU TINGLE, FC MITCHELL, ER AF TINGLE, FC MITCHELL, ER TI ATTRACTION OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS (F) (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) TO VOLATILES FROM EXTRACTS OF COTTON FLOWERS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TOBACCO BUDWORM; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; COTTON; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; OVIPOSITION; ATTRACTANT; FLORAL EXTRACTS ID FLIGHT; GROUNDCHERRY; FEMALES AB Mated and virgin female and virgin male tobacco budworm moths, Heliothis virescens (F.), responded via directed upwind flight in wind-tunnel bioassays to volatiles from floral extracts of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. Significantly more male and female moths landed on cloth dispensers treated with a methylene chloride extract of debracted flowers than on control dispensers treated only with methylene chloride. Only mated females landed in significant numbers on the dispensers treated with extract of cotton squares, flowers (including bracts), or flower petals. After landing, most of the moths examined the dispensers by probing with their antennae, proboscis, and/or ovipositor. RP TINGLE, FC (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 18 IS 6 BP 907 EP 914 DI 10.1007/BF00988331 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HV974 UT WOS:A1992HV97400010 PM 24254094 ER PT J AU SEELY, EW WOOD, RJ BROWN, EM GRAVES, SW AF SEELY, EW WOOD, RJ BROWN, EM GRAVES, SW TI LOWER SERUM IONIZED CALCIUM AND ABNORMAL CALCIOTROPIC HORMONE LEVELS IN PREECLAMPSIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID PREGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERTENSION; PLASMA-RENIN ACTIVITY; BLOOD-PRESSURE; SUPPLEMENTATION; HYPERCALCIURIA; METABOLISM; MAGNESIUM; SODIUM; ASSAY AB Relative hypocalciuria has been reported in women with preeclampsia. However, there has been no systematic explanation for this finding. We measured serum and urinary calcium and serum calciotropic hormones in third trimester women with preeclampsia (n = 12, gestational hypertension and proteinuria) and with normotensive pregnancies (n = 24) to try to explain these changes. We confirmed that the women with preeclampsia have a relative hypocalciuria (2.9 +/- 0.7 vs. 6.5 +/- 0.2 mmol/day, P < 0.01). Preeclamptic women also had lower serum ionized calcium than normotensive third trimester pregnant women (1.20 +/- 0.01 vs. 1.26 +/- 0.01 mmol/L, P < 0.02). Intact PTH levels were significantly higher in preeclamptic women (29.9 +/- 4.3 vs. 15.4 +/- 1.3 ng/L, P < 0.01) and a significant inverse relationship was observed between PTH and both urine calcium (r = -0.60, P < 0.0001) and serum ionized calcium (r = -0.36, P < 0.05). We measured vitamin D metabolites in a subgroup of both normotensive and preeclamptics. Preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women had equivalent levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]; however, preeclamptics had significantly lower 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] levels (172.1 +/- 18.5 vs. 219.6 +/- 12.7 pmol/L, P < 0.05). Lower 1,25-(OH)2D may contribute to suboptimal intestinal absorption of calcium during a time of increased calcium demand resulting in lower ionized calcium, increased PTH, and hypocalciuria in preeclampsia. Abnormalities in calcium homeostasis may contribute to the increased vascular sensitivity documented in preeclampsia. C1 TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. RP SEELY, EW (reprint author), BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP, DIV ENDOCRINE HYPERTENS, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 02635]; NHLBI NIH HHS [5P50 HL36568]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD24499] NR 33 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X EI 1945-7197 J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1436 EP 1440 DI 10.1210/jc.74.6.1436 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA HX258 UT WOS:A1992HX25800039 PM 1592891 ER PT J AU FAHRIMAL, Y GOFF, WL JASMER, DP AF FAHRIMAL, Y GOFF, WL JASMER, DP TI DETECTION OF BABESIA-BOVIS CARRIER CATTLE BY USING POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AMPLIFICATION OF PARASITE DNA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-GALLINACEUM; MALARIAL PARASITE; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIBODIES; PROTEINS AB Carrier cattle infected with Babesia bovis are difficult to detect because of the low numbers of parasites that occur in peripheral blood. However, diagnosis of low-level infections with the parasite is important for evaluating the efficacies of vaccines and in transmission and epidemiological studies. We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a portion of the apocytochrome b gene from the parasite and tested the ability of this method to detect carrier cattle. The target sequence is associated with a 7.4-kb DNA element in undigested B. bovis genomic DNA (as shown previously), and the amplified product was detected by Southern and dot blot hybridization. The assay was specific for B. bovis, since no amplification was detected with Babesia bigemina, Trypanosoma brucei, Anaplasma marginale, or leukocyte DNA. The target sequence was amplified in DNA from B. bovis Mexico, Texas, and Australia S and L strains, demonstrating the applicability of the method to strains from different geographic regions. The sensitivity of the method ranged from 1 to 10 infected erythrocytes extracted from 0.5 ml of blood. This sensitivity was about 1,000 times greater than that from the use of unamplified parasite DNA. By the PCR method, six B. bovis carrier cattle were detected 86% of the time (range, 66 to 100%) when they were tested 11 times, while with microscopic examination of thick blood smears, the same carrier cattle were detected only 36% of the time (range, 17 to 66%). The method provides a useful diagnostic tool for detecting B. bovis carrier cattle, and the sensitivity is significantly improved over that of current methods. The results also suggest that characteristics of the apocytochrome b gene may make this a valuable target DNA for PCR-based detection of other hemoparasites. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,ANIM RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 27 TC 56 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1374 EP 1379 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HU603 UT WOS:A1992HU60300002 PM 1624551 ER PT J AU WILSON, MA RIMLER, RB HOFFMAN, LJ AF WILSON, MA RIMLER, RB HOFFMAN, LJ TI COMPARISON OF DNA FINGERPRINTS AND SOMATIC SEROTYPES OF SEROGROUP-B AND SEROGROUP-E PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA ISOLATES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIATION; STRAINS; TURKEYS; RABBITS; SWINE AB The DNA fingerprint profiles and somatic serotypes of 71 Pasteurella multocida capsule serogroup B isolates, 13 capsule serogroup E isolates, and 16 somatic reference serotype strains were compared. Each of the 16 reference somatic serotypes had a unique DNA fingerprint profile with the HhaI restriction endonuclease. Fifty-four serogroup B isolates (isolated from classical cases of hemorrhagic septicemia) reacted with somatic serotype 2 or 5 antiserum and had DNA fingerprint profiles which resembled that of the serotype 2 reference strain. Seven DNA fingerprint profiles were found among 16 serogroup B strains representing other somatic serotypes. The DNA fingerprints of these isolates were different from the fingerprints of the 16 somatic reference serotype strains. All 13 serogroup E isolates had identical somatic serotypes and identical DNA fingerprint profiles when the HhaI endonuclease was used. The HhaI fingerprint profile of the serogroup E isolates did not match any fingerprint profile of the reference somatic serotype strains. Following DNA profiling with the HhaI endonuclease, the 13 serogroup E isolates were differentiated sequentially with HpaII restriction endonuclease. A descriptive identification epithet for P. multocida isolates was constructed. The descriptive epithet consists of serologic identification and sequential DNA profiles with restriction endonucleases HhaI and HpaII, respectively. DNA fingerprinting of P. multocida is a precise characterization method. In conjunction with serologic typing, it can further classify P. multocida isolates for epidemiologic studies. C1 USDA ARS,NATL VET SERV LABS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. RP WILSON, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL VET SERV LABS,VET SERV,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 12 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1518 EP 1524 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA HU603 UT WOS:A1992HU60300028 PM 1378060 ER PT J AU DENBALY, M AF DENBALY, M TI SOVIET FEEDGRAIN CONSUMPTION - A STABLE LONG-RUN RELATIONSHIP SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID GRAIN; DEMAND RP DENBALY, M (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-5967 J9 J COMP ECON JI J. Comp. Econ. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 16 IS 2 BP 259 EP 271 DI 10.1016/0147-5967(92)90135-T PG 13 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA HZ761 UT WOS:A1992HZ76100004 ER PT J AU LIEFERT, WM AF LIEFERT, WM TI COMMUNIST AGRICULTURE - FARMING IN THE SOVIET-UNION AND EASTERN-EUROPE - WADEKIN,KE SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review RP LIEFERT, WM (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-5967 J9 J COMP ECON JI J. Comp. Econ. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 16 IS 2 BP 394 EP 397 DI 10.1016/0147-5967(92)90164-3 PG 4 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA HZ761 UT WOS:A1992HZ76100033 ER PT J AU MILLER, RH BITMAN, J BRIGHT, SA WOOD, DL CAPUCO, AV AF MILLER, RH BITMAN, J BRIGHT, SA WOOD, DL CAPUCO, AV TI EFFECT OF CLINICAL AND SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS ON LIPID-COMPOSITION OF TEAT CANAL KERATIN SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BACTERIA; UDDER INFECTION; STREAK CANAL; MASTITIS RESISTANCE ID FREE FATTY-ACIDS; BOVINE-MILK; COWS AB Two experiments were conducted to investigate lipid composition of teat canal keratin when different conditions of bacterial colonization and quarter inflammation were present. In Experiment 1, 11 multiparous cows with subclinical mastitis (bacteria present but no visible inflammation) in at least one quarter were selected for study. Quarters that were sampled and found negative for bacterial growth were classified as control. In Experiment 2, 10 multiparous cows with clinical mastitis in one or more quarters were selected. Milk samples from inflamed quarters were cultured to identify mastitis pathogens; these quarters were classified as clinical; all other quarters were classified as control. Teat canal keratin was collected from all quarters just before an a.m. milking, samples were weighed and lipid determinations were conducted by TLC. Keratin from subclinical quarters compared with keratin from control quarters did not differ in either neutral lipid or fatty acid composition. Total lipid was significantly higher in keratin from teats of clinical quarters than in keratin from control quarters (27.8 vs. 21.5-mu-g/mg). Neutral lipid composition of keratin was similar between teats from clinical quarters and teats from control quarters. In Experiment 2, quarter foremilk samples were also obtained to determine lipid composition. The FFA in milk from clinical quarters contained fewer short-chain fatty acids, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher in milk from clinical quarters. RP MILLER, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1436 EP 1442 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA HW831 UT WOS:A1992HW83100010 PM 1380017 ER PT J AU CANALE, CJ GLENN, BP REEVES, JB AF CANALE, CJ GLENN, BP REEVES, JB TI CHEMICALLY TREATED ALFALFA - LIGNIN COMPOSITION AND INSITU DISAPPEARANCE OF NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER COMPONENTS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; LIGNIN; NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER ID NITROBENZENE OXIDATION; INVITRO DIGESTIBILITY; SODIUM-HYDROXIDE; PANGOLA GRASS; DIGESTION; DELIGNIFICATION; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; DEGRADATION; ROUGHAGES AB The effect or effects of varying levels of alkali (NaOH) or oxidant (NaClO2) on composition of alfalfa and in situ disappearance of OM, NDF, and NDF monosaccharides were determined. Three field replicates of fourth-cutting alfalfa (early and late bud) were treated at harvest with 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 g of NaOH or NaClO2/100 g of herbage DM. Herbage was hand cut (15-cm stubble height), hand sprayed, and artificially dried (50-degrees-C). Alkali treatment linearly increased NDF, crude hemicellulose, and NDF N but decreased CP. Quantity or composition of lignin was not altered consistently by NaOH treatment Glucose concentration was lowered as a result of NaOH treatment. Oxidant linearly decreased NDF, lignin, ADF N, CP, and concentration of lignin nitrobenzene oxidation products. Alkali and oxidant treatment linearly increased in situ disappearance of OM and NDF; NaOH tended to increase xylose disappearance, whereas NaClO2 tended to increase glucose disappearance. Both treatments increased arabinose disappearance. Alkali and oxidant had divergent effects on fiber and lignin composition, yet both types of treatment increased potential disappearance of NDF. Disappearance of NDF in related to quantity or composition of lignin. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1543 EP 1554 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA HW831 UT WOS:A1992HW83100023 ER PT J AU NELSON, WF SATTER, LD AF NELSON, WF SATTER, LD TI IMPACT OF ALFALFA MATURITY AND PRESERVATION METHOD ON MILK-PRODUCTION BY COWS IN EARLY LACTATION SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SILAGE; HAY; MILK; FORAGE ID DAIRY-COWS; QUALITY; FORAGE; CONCENTRATE; FIBER; COMPONENTS AB Ninety-six cows in early lactation were used in two experiments to measure die impact of alfalfa maturity (early or midbud vs. early or midbloom) and method of forage preservation (silage vs. hay) on DMI and milk production. Silage diets were fed as TMR, and hay was fed separately from grain. All diets contained 60% alfalfa (dry basis) and were balanced for 19% CP. Maturity had little effect on milk production in either experiment. Adjusted milk production for early cut silage, late cut silage, early cut hay, and late cut hay were 33.6, 33.4, 30.7, and 32.1 kg/d for Experiment 1 and 38.1, 37.0, 35.0, and 35.0 kg/d for Experiment 2. Increased alfalfa maturity tended to reduce DMI. Cows fed the silage diets consumed 1.2 kg more DM and produced an average of 2.1 kg more milk daily in Experiment 1 than those fed the hay diets. All treatment groups consumed similar amounts of DM in Experiment 2; however, cows fed silage produced 2.6 kg/d more milk than those fed hay. Preserving alfalfa as silage and feeding in a TMR to cows in early lactation resulted m greater milk production via increased DMI or improved feed efficiency compared with preserving alfalfa as hay and feeding grain separately. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. RP NELSON, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1562 EP 1570 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA HW831 UT WOS:A1992HW83100025 PM 1500557 ER PT J AU NELSON, WF SATTER, LD AF NELSON, WF SATTER, LD TI IMPACT OF STAGE OF MATURITY AND METHOD OF PRESERVATION OF ALFALFA ON DIGESTION IN LACTATING DAIRY-COWS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HAY; SILAGE; FORAGE; DIGESTION ID FORAGE FIBER CONTENT; CONSERVATION METHOD; FEEDING VALUE; KINETICS; INVITRO; QUALITY; HAY AB Four multiparous Holstein cows in midlactation were fed 60:40 forage:grain (dry basis) diets containing first-cutting alfalfa harvested at the early bud or early flower stage of maturity. Each of the two maturities was preserved as silage and hay. A 4 x 4 Latin square design experiment (28-d periods) was conducted to measure the impact of alfalfa maturity and method of preservation on milk production and composition, intake, digestion, digesta passage, and particle size of digesta. Milk production and composition were not affected by treatment. Increases in fiber intake resulted from increased maturity and preservation as hay, but this did not appear to limit DMI or milk production. Both increased maturity and preservation as hay resulted in the following effects in cows: more time spent ruminating, greater total chewing time, greater wet and dry rumen fill, and a greater volume of rumen contents. Rumen retention time of La applied to forage was 6 h less, and 0-h disappearance of DM from dacron bags was greater for silage than hay. In situ DM disappearance rates averaged 15%/h for silage and 9.5%/h for hay. Lag time was related inversely to 0-h disappearance. Masticates and mixed rumen samples from cows fed hay showed a greater percentage of DM as particles greater-than-or-equal-to 9.5 mm in length. Gross feed efficiency was greater for cows fed alfalfa silage than for those fed alfalfa hay, probably because of more rapid digestion and passage. The potential for rumen fill to limit intake in high producing cows appears to be greater for alfalfa preserved as hay than that preserved as silage. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. RP NELSON, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1571 EP 1580 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA HW831 UT WOS:A1992HW83100026 PM 1500558 ER PT J AU GRANT, RJ MERTENS, DR AF GRANT, RJ MERTENS, DR TI DEVELOPMENT OF BUFFER SYSTEMS FOR PH CONTROL AND EVALUATION OF PH EFFECTS ON FIBER DIGESTION INVITRO SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FIBER; ARTIFICIAL RUMEN; CITRATE; PHOSPHATE-BICARBONATE ID RUMEN; FERMENTATION; EXTENT; STARCH AB An in vitro buffering system capable of pH control between pH 5.8 and 6.8 was developed to examine the effect of media pH on disappearance of NDF at various times of fermentation and to assess initially the effect of media pH on kinetics of NDF digestion. The pH conditions selected for evaluation of these buffer systems were 5.8, 6.2, and 6.8. Use of McIlvaine's solution with sodium bicarbonate was not successful because of rapid drifting of pH downward during fermentation. To evaluate the effectiveness of citric or phosphoric acids as components of phosphate bicarbonate buffer systems, alfalfa silage and a mixture of alfalfa silage and com grain (1:1 mixture, dry basis) were fermented for 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. The pH of each flask was measured at 0, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h postinoculation, and pH was readjusted with bicarbonate solution when necessary. Drifting of media pH downward was more noticeable when phosphoric acid was used to adjust the buffer pH than with citric acid. Citric acid had no adverse effects on NDF digestion compared with phosphoric acid when used to adjust a phosphate-bicarbonate buffer system. Alfalfa hay, bromegrass hay, and com silage were incubated for 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, or 96 h at pH 5.8 or 6.8 using the phosphate-bicarbonate buffer system adjusted with citric acid. Estimation of kinetics of NDF digestion indicated that a decrease in media pH from 6.8 to 5.8 resulted in a marked reduction in NDF digestion; the largest apparent difference was digestion lag time. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53719. NR 16 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1581 EP 1587 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA HW831 UT WOS:A1992HW83100027 PM 1323583 ER PT J AU HAUVER, JH YEE, J AF HAUVER, JH YEE, J TI MORRISON MEASURE OF CAPACITY UTILIZATION - A CRITIQUE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMETRICS LA English DT Article AB Morrison (1986) has developed and used new capacity utilization measures based on an optimization framework to adjust productivity growth for changes in capacity utilization. She argues that we can adjust productivity growth for variations in capacity utilization by dividing a conventional productivity growth rate by a capacity utilization measure. However, Morrison's analysis is based on a conceptual error, which she recognizes in later research. This error can have considerable empirical significance. RP HAUVER, JH (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0304-4076 J9 J ECONOMETRICS JI J. Econom. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 52 IS 3 BP 403 EP 406 DI 10.1016/0304-4076(92)90020-R PG 4 WC Economics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA HV249 UT WOS:A1992HV24900006 ER PT J AU JACKSON, DM BROWN, GC NORDIN, GL JOHNSON, DW AF JACKSON, DM BROWN, GC NORDIN, GL JOHNSON, DW TI AUTODISSEMINATION OF A BACULOVIRUS FOR MANAGEMENT OF TOBACCO BUDWORMS (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) ON TOBACCO SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA NPV; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS ID AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA LEPIDOPTERA; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; TRAPS AB An autodissemination technique for control of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), was tested for 2 yr in tobacco fields in Kentucky and North Carolina. We used pheromone-baited traps to attract male moths into contamination stations, where they were forced to crawl through a powder formulation of a baculovirus, Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). After they were contaminated with AcNPV powder, males escaped back to the field. When males mated with wild females, they transferred some of the AcNPV powder to females, which in tum surface-contaminated their eggs. When larvae chewed through the egg chorion, some of them ingested enough viral polyhedra to become lethally infected. Tests of this autodissemination technique in the field required measurements of contamination rates of males, eggs, and larvae. Because a reliable method for sampling adult females of H. virescens is not available, their contamination rate could not be directly assessed. Pheromone-baited monitoring traps showed that 0-30% of the males were marked with a fluorescent marking powder, which was used in the AcNPV formulation. Examination by scanning electron microscopy showed that an average of 6.7-7.8% of the eggs collected from AcNPV-treated fields had polyhedra clustered on the upper hemisphere near the micropyle. Light microscope examination showed that an average of 0.7-11.9% of larvae reared from eggs collected in AcNPV-treated fields died from the virus. AcNPV-induced larval mortality peaked at almost-equal-to 25% at the Kentucky location in 1989. Although the autodissemination technique functioned, it was not economically effective because the AcNPV transmission and subsequent larval mortality were limited. In part, this may have been because the dispersal area of Heliothis moths was large relative to the small experimental plot size and the short distance between fields, resulting in migration of moths and dilution of AcNPV-induced mortality. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,RES & EDUC CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,PRINCETON,KY 42445. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT ENTOMOL,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP JACKSON, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 85 IS 3 BP 710 EP 719 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW827 UT WOS:A1992HW82700014 ER PT J AU BIEVER, KD CHAUVIN, RL AF BIEVER, KD CHAUVIN, RL TI SUPPRESSION OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) WITH AUGMENTATIVE RELEASES OF PREDACEOUS STINKBUGS (HEMIPTERA, PENTATOMIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; PERILLUS-BIOCULATUS; INOCULATIVE RELEASES AB Field cage tests in 1987 established that releases of 5-10 Perillus bioculatus (F.) and Podisus maculiventris (Say) per plant were able to reduce high density populations (almost-equal-to 450 per plant) of Colorado potato beetle by almost-equal-to 50%. P. bioculatus provided greater foliage protection than P. maculiventris. In 1988, in similar cage tests, P. bioculatus released at rates of 2-8 per plant reduced Colorado potato beetle densities of almost-equal-to 100 per plant by almost-equal-to 8.5% per predator released. Field plot tests in 1988 confirmed cage results with P. bioculatus and demonstrated that 1 and 3 predators per plant suppressed populations of Colorado potato beetle by 30 and 62%, respectively. Three P. bioculatus per plant significantly reduced defoliation and increased yield 65% over the untreated control. Progeny production of a laboratory colony of P. bioculatus maintained on Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) larvae was equivalent to that for a colony maintained on Colorado potato beetle larvae. Our data indicate that inoculative releases of stinkbug predators for suppression of Colorado potato beetle populations could be an important component of an integrated management program RP BIEVER, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE INSECT RES UNIT,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 16 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 85 IS 3 BP 720 EP 726 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW827 UT WOS:A1992HW82700015 ER PT J AU KLEIN, MG GEORGIS, R AF KLEIN, MG GEORGIS, R TI PERSISTENCE OF CONTROL OF JAPANESE-BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE) LARVAE WITH STEINERNEMATID AND HETERORHABDITID NEMATODES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; NEMATODA; POPILLIA-JAPONICA; PERSISTENCE ID LIGYRUS-SUBTROPICUS COLEOPTERA; ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; RHABDITIDA; HELIOTHIDIS; MORTALITY; TURFGRASS; FIELD AB Field tests were conducted in 1986 and 1987 to evaluate control of Japanese beetle larvae, Popillia japonica Newman, in turfgrass plots by heterorhabditid and steinernematid nematodes. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (NC strain) reduced populations a maximum of 60%, 34 d after a fall 1986 treatment Control increased to 96% before pupation the following spring, and was 93-99% of the next larval generation. Application of Steinernema (= Neoaplectana) carpocapsae Weiser (All strain) provided a maximum of 51% control after 34 d, 90% the next spring (290 d after treatment), and 0% after 386 d. A spring 1987 application of H. bacteriophora resulted in 68% control 28 d after treatment, and up to 67% of the following generation of Japanese beetle larvae in the fall (138 d after treatment). H. bacteriophora (HP88 strain) gave 100% control after 28 d in the spring of 1987, and 93-97% control of the next generation of larvae. No adverse effects on nontarget organisms (mites or collembola) were observed 28 d after treatments with any of the nematodes. Our data show that nematodes reproduce in Japanese beetle larvae, survive in the field in turfgrass, and have an influence on target hosts for a longer period of time than previously demonstrated. RP KLEIN, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,HORT INSECTS RES LAB,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 14 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 85 IS 3 BP 727 EP 730 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW827 UT WOS:A1992HW82700016 ER PT J AU BIEVER, KD AF BIEVER, KD TI DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE OF COTESIA-RUBECULA (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE), A PARASITE OF ARTOGEIA-RAPAE IN WASHINGTON AND OREGON SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DISTRIBUTION; COTESIA-RUBECULA; ARTOGEIA-RAPAE ID APANTELES AB Cotesia (= Apanteles) rubecula Marshall, a solitary endoparasite of the imported cabbageworm, Artogeia (= Pieris) rapae (L.), known to occur in British Columbia, Canada, since 1963, was first found in the United States (Yakima, Washington) in 1984. Distribution and parasitism levels were recorded for this parasite from 1985 through 1988 at selected sites in Washington and Oregon; it was recovered at 12 of 16 locations. In Washington, it was recovered at all nine locations where surveys were made. It was recovered at two locations in northern Oregon and one in west-central Oregon, but was not recovered at four locations south of Corvallis, Oreg. Maximum parasitism in Washington ranged from 19 to 100% and occurred toward the end of the growing season. Levels of parasitism by C. rubecula were lower in Oregon, and 50% was the highest level recorded (Hermiston and Hillsboro). Distribution of C. rubecula is discussed in relation to that of C. glomerata. RP BIEVER, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES UNIT,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 85 IS 3 BP 739 EP 742 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW827 UT WOS:A1992HW82700018 ER PT J AU CHARLET, LD AF CHARLET, LD TI SEASONAL ABUNDANCE AND PARASITISM OF THE SUNFLOWER BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) ON CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER IN THE NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; SUNFLOWER; ZYGOGRAMMA-EXCLAMATIONIS; PARASITOIDS AB Postdiapause adults of the sunflower beetle, Zygogramma exclamationis (F.), appeared in plots of sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., between 28 May and 9 June and were present until mid-July 1985-1987. Peak density of adults occurred between 13 and 23 June when plants had 6-15 leaves. Eggs were present on plants for almost-equal-to 1 mo (June) with maximum egg densities occurring between 13 and 26 June. Larvae were initially observed between 10 and 19 June when plants had 5-12 leaves and were present an average of 53 d before entering the soil to pupate. There were four larval instars. New-generation (prediapause) adults emerged from the soil at the end of July or the beginning of August. By late September, all prediapause adults had left the plants and entered the soil to overwinter. Although population densities varied, life history patterns were similar among the 3 yr. There was one generation per year. The parasitoid Erixestus winnemana Crawford (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was reared from sunflower beetle eggs, but egg parasitism was extremely low (1985, 0.1%; 1986, 1.9%; 1987, 0.4%). Doryphorophaga macella Reinhard (Diptera: Tachinidae) was the only larval parasitoid recovered. Larval parasitization varied between 0 and 14.8% in 1985, 35.7 and 66.7% in 1986, and 0 and 100% in 1987. The life history of D. macella showed good synchrony with its host; sunflower beetle larvae were parasitized during the entire period they were present. The tachinid parasitoid Myiopharus sp. was recovered from prediapause adult sunflower beetles in 1987, but its rate of parasitization was only 1.7%. Parasitism by D. macella may have contributed to the reduction in sunflower field infestations by the sunflower beetle during recent years. RP CHARLET, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 85 IS 3 BP 766 EP 771 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW827 UT WOS:A1992HW82700022 ER PT J AU DOWD, PF BARTELT, RJ WICKLOW, DT AF DOWD, PF BARTELT, RJ WICKLOW, DT TI NOVEL INSECT TRAP USEFUL IN CAPTURING SAP BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, NITIDULIDAE) AND OTHER FLYING INSECTS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; INSECT TRAP; SAP BEETLES; CARPOPHILUS ID GLISCHROCHILUS-QUADRISIGNATUS COLEOPTERA AB A novel trap designed to catch sap beetles and many other insects is described. This trap is durable, being manufactured from PVC pipe and brass screen. The modular trap orients in the wind such that air flows over screened-off bait compartments and through a screen funnel entrance. Insects approach and enter from down-wind and become trapped after passing through a wire mesh funnel. They subsequently move through a connecting tube, through an additional funnel, and into a removable collector. Catches of sap beetles were superior to a commercially available Japanese beetle trap. Several thousand sap beetles (primarily Carpophilus lugubris Murray) could be captured with appropriate baits over a 1-wk period. Fungi from the trapped sap beetles included Aspergillus flavus Link:Fr. and numerous common genera with species recognized as plant pathogens, entomopathogens, saprophytes, or biocontrol agents. Other families of insects that contain pests and were captured include Cantharidae, Chrysomelidae, Elateridae, Culicidae, Drosophilidae, Muscidae, Vespidae, and Noctuidae. RP DOWD, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 13 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 85 IS 3 BP 772 EP 778 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW827 UT WOS:A1992HW82700023 ER PT J AU CARPENTER, JE AF CARPENTER, JE TI SPERM PRECEDENCE IN HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) - RESPONSE TO A SUBSTERILIZING DOSE OF RADIATION SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CORN EARWORM; HELIOTHIS; INHERITED STERILITY ID CORN-EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; INHERITED STERILITY; REPRODUCTION; COMPETITION; FEMALES; MALES; AGE AB Sperm priority patterns in Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) were studied by sequentially mating females to substerilized (10 krad) and normal males. Progeny of substerilized males were identified by visible chromosomal aberrations in the testes. Sperm from irradiated males were competitive with sperm from normal males when the intermating interval of the female was 48 h, but sperm competitiveness of the irradiated male was reduced when the intermating interval of the female was 24 h. Sperm use by twice-mated females did not change significantly over time after the second mating. H. zea demonstrated incomplete last-male precedence with extensive sperm mixing. Variability in the degree of sperm precedence was high, suggesting that the outcome of sperm competition within each female depends upon the relative competitiveness of all ejaculates involved. RP CARPENTER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 85 IS 3 BP 779 EP 782 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW827 UT WOS:A1992HW82700024 ER PT J AU STARK, JD VARGAS, RI AF STARK, JD VARGAS, RI TI DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE OF MALE ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) TO COLORED TRAPS BAITED WITH METHYLEUGENOL SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY; TRAPS; COLOR ID HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; FLIES; ABUNDANCE; KAUAI AB The response of male oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, to colored plastic bucket traps baited with methyleugenol was determined in a commercial guava, Psidium guajava L., orchard. When traps were placed close together on stakes, white and yellow traps caught the largest number of flies, whereas green, red, and black caught the fewest. When traps were placed in guava trees, no significant difference in fly captures occurred, although white traps caught the most flies and the same general trend in trap efficiency occurred. Results suggest that the attractiveness of traps is due primarily to intensity of reflected light. The potential for improving trap efficiency in D. dorsalis monitoring and control programs is discussed. C1 USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,KAPAA,HI 96746. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 85 IS 3 BP 808 EP 812 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW827 UT WOS:A1992HW82700029 ER PT J AU CARROLL, JF YOUNG, KW BRUCE, WA AF CARROLL, JF YOUNG, KW BRUCE, WA TI SIMPLE INVITRO FEEDING SYSTEM FOR NORTHERN FOWL MITES (ACARI, MACRONYSSIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARACHNIDA; ORNITHONYSSUS-SYLVIARUM; INVITRO FEEDING; PARAFILM MEMBRANE AB The use of Parafilm membranes for in-vitro feeding of northern fowl mites, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini & Fanzago), is described. A membrane stretched in two perpendicular directions, folded, heat-sealed, inflated, and twisted at the ends to form a sphere allowed a high percentage (> 80%) of surviving adult female mites to feed on whole chicken blood. A high percentage (7 of 10) of protonymphs also fed through the membrane. Mites were able to feed from the same sac for 3 d and oviposited on the sac. This technology has potential applications for use in rearing O. sylviarum and other hematophagous arthropods, and for physiological experimentation. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP CARROLL, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 85 IS 3 BP 848 EP 852 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW827 UT WOS:A1992HW82700035 PM 1619106 ER PT J AU WERNER, RA HILGERT, JW AF WERNER, RA HILGERT, JW TI EFFECTS OF PERMETHRIN ON AQUATIC ORGANISMS IN A FRESH-WATER STREAM IN SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; AQUATIC EFFECTS; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; INSECTICIDE RESIDUE ID SPRUCE BEETLE COLEOPTERA; FIELD-EVALUATION; FENITROTHION; INSECTICIDES; INVERTEBRATES; SCOLYTIDAE AB Permethrin (0.5%) was applied to individual Lutz spruce, Picea X lutzii Little, to protect them from attack by spruce beetles, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby). Residue levels were monitored in a freshwater stream above, adjacent to, and below the treatment site at intervals before, during, and after treatment. Maximum residue levels in the stream within the treatment site ranged from 0.05 +/- 0.01 ppb 5 h after treatment to 0.14 +/- 0.03 ppb 8-11 h after treatment, with a decrease to 0.02 +/- 0.01 ppb 14 h after treatment. Levels of permethrin in standing pools near the stream within the treatment site were 0.01 +/- 0.01 ppb. Numbers of drifting aquatic invertebrates increased 2-fold during treatment and 4-fold 3 h after treatment and declined to before spray numbers within 9 h. Terrestrial insects did not appear to respond to treatments because none was found in stream drift samples. Trout fry (Dolly Varden), aquatic insect larvae, and periphyton (attached algae) within and below the treatment site during and after treatment did not show signs of mortality compared with an upstream untreated control site. RP WERNER, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 85 IS 3 BP 860 EP 864 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW827 UT WOS:A1992HW82700037 PM 1619107 ER PT J AU BROWN, DF KNIGHT, AL HOWELL, JF SELL, CR KRYSAN, JL WEISS, M AF BROWN, DF KNIGHT, AL HOWELL, JF SELL, CR KRYSAN, JL WEISS, M TI EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A POLYETHYLENE PHEROMONE DISPENSER FOR MATING DISRUPTION OF CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CYDIA-POMONELLA; APPLE; (E,E)-8,10-DODECADIEN-1-OL ID INSECT SEX-PHEROMONES; EVAPORATION RATES; CYDIA-POMONELLA; RUBBER SEPTA; ACETATES AB Evaporative release characteristics of a polyethylene dispenser containing a mixture of (EKE)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (EH,E10-12:OH), dodecan-1-ow (12:OH), and tetradecan-1-ol for disruption of mating of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), were evaluated. The factors examined for each pheromone component were temperature, dispenser age, and exposure to sunlight Increases in temperature caused an exponential increase in the release rate of each component. Evaporation rates declined over time for each component and were expressed as a function of accumulated degree-hours (DH). The combined effect of accumulated DH and instantaneous temperature (T) on release rates of dispensers placed in the orchard canopy was described by the equation ln(release rate) = a + b(1/T) + c(DH), where a, b, and c are regression coefficients specific for each component, T is temperature (degree-K), and DH is degree-hours accumulated above 0-degrees-K in the orchard. Differences in evaporation rates for each component changed both the ratio of the pheromone blend inside the dispenser and that released from dispensers over time. The model did not predict evaporation rates as well for dispensers placed in full sun or total shade. In full sun, evaporation rates of E8, E10-12:OH declined significantly faster than from dispensers placed in partial sun. No significant differences were found for the evaporation rate of 12:OH or 14:OH among full or partial sun or complete shade over time. A tacky film formed on the exterior surface of dispensers exposed to sunlight A portion of this film consisted of pheromone components in a ratio different from that found within the dispenser. Removal of this surface film from the dispenser significantly increased rates of evaporation of 12:OH and E8,E10-12:OH. RP BROWN, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS,YAKIMA AGR RES LAB,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 23 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 85 IS 3 BP 910 EP 917 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW827 UT WOS:A1992HW82700044 ER PT J AU HOWELL, JF KNIGHT, AL UNRUH, TR BROWN, DF KRYSAN, JL SELL, CR KIRSCH, PA AF HOWELL, JF KNIGHT, AL UNRUH, TR BROWN, DF KRYSAN, JL SELL, CR KIRSCH, PA TI CONTROL OF CODLING MOTH IN APPLE AND PEAR WITH SEX PHEROMONE-MEDIATED MATING DISRUPTION SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CODLING MOTH; MATING DISRUPTION; SEX PHEROMONE ID POMONELLA L LEPIDOPTERA; CYDIA-POMONELLA; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; SECONDARY COMPONENTS; BIOLOGY AB During 1987-1988 replicated 0.3-ha plots of apple and pear were used to measure the efficacy of sex pheromone-mediated mating disruption of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.). Comparisons of fruit injury were made between pheromone-treated and untreated plots either with or without releases of field-collected moths. In 1987, one moth per tree was released twice during the season in two apple orchards and total season fruit injury in untreated plots ranged from 7.0 to 21.2%. Levels of fruit injury in the pheromone-treated plots were 1.0-4.0%. In 1988, either one moth was released per five trees three times during the season or no moths were released in replicated apple plots. Seasonal fruit injury ranges in untreated plots were 1.41-1.65% and 0.39-1.21% with and without moth releases, respectively. Correspondingly, levels of fruit injury in the pheromone-treated plots were 0.09-0.27% and 0.05-0.07% with and without moth releases, respectively. In 1988, fruit injury in the pheromone-treated and untreated pear plots with moth releases were 0.05 and 0.16%, respectively. Average emission levels of (EE)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol at dusk for a 14-d period after releases were 8.4-40.9 mg/ha per h each year. Spatial analysis of fruit injury showed that fruit injury was aggregated and moth movement within orchards was limited and not influenced by the presence of pheromone. Our data suggested that more fruit injury occurred on 'Golden Delicious' than 'Red Delicious'. C1 USDA ARS,YAKIMA AGR RES LAB,YAKIMA,WA 98902. RI Kirsch, Philipp/F-5740-2011 OI Kirsch, Philipp/0000-0002-9188-5697 NR 27 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 14 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 85 IS 3 BP 918 EP 925 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW827 UT WOS:A1992HW82700045 ER PT J AU LANCE, DR SUTTER, GR AF LANCE, DR SUTTER, GR TI FIELD-TESTS OF A SEMIOCHEMICAL-BASED TOXIC BAIT FOR SUPPRESSION OF CORN-ROOTWORM BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; DIABROTICA-BARBERI; CUCURBITACIN ID WESTERN; INFESTATIONS AB A semiochemical-based toxic bait for adult Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte and D. barberi Smith and Lawrence was broadcast over three plots (1-3 ha) of maize, Zea mays L. The bait contained an insecticide (0.3% carbaryl), a feeding stimulant (cucurbitacin), and several nonpheromonal volatile attractants (totaling 0.5% of the formulation) in a dry, bran-based carrier. Bait was applied at 7-14 kg/ha (20-40 g [AI] carbaryl/ha). Relative to paired plots that were not treated with bait, numbers of D. v. virgifera and D. barberi counted on maize plants were reduced 77-85% and 55-92%, respectively, 48 h after bait applications. Likewise, relative numbers of D. v. virgifera and D. barberi captured on unbaited yellow sticky traps declined 58-91% and 67-88%, respectively, after applications of bait. Numbers of dead beetles on the ground 24 or 48 h after applications were roughly comparable to reductions in numbers of live beetles counted on plants. Activity of the bait was short-lived in the field, and populations of Diabrotica beetles in treated plots generally returned to near pretreatment levels within 1-2 wk after applications of bait. Although formulations must be improved to enhance activity and longevity, results of this study indicate that semiochemical-based baits for Diabrotica beetles are a potential tool for greatly reducing the amount of insecticide applied in maize production systems. C1 USDA,APHIS,FRUIT FLY MASS REARING FACIL,WAIMANALO,HI 96795. USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. NR 23 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 85 IS 3 BP 967 EP 973 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW827 UT WOS:A1992HW82700053 ER PT J AU MULROONEY, JE PARROTT, WL JENKINS, JN AF MULROONEY, JE PARROTT, WL JENKINS, JN TI RESPONSE OF COTTON TO DAMAGE BY TOBACCO BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) - CHANGES IN FRUIT DISTRIBUTION SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; COTTON; FRUIT DISTRIBUTION ID YIELD AB In 1987 and 1989, cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., plants at different developmental stages were artificially infested with five neonate tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), larvae per plant. The position of each open boll on the plant was recorded at harvest. Infestations, regardless of the developmental stage of the plant, reduced boll numbers at the first fruiting position on the branch. Boll distributions at position 1 on plants infested at the 5th-node stage of growth were similar to plants infested at the 15th-node stage. However, plants infested at the 15th-node stage set a greater number of bolls at position 2 than plants infested at the 5th-node stage. Only plants infested at the 5th-node stage had fewer total bolls than the control. DES-119, an early-maturing cotton, produced more bolls at positions 1 and 2 on the lower nodes than ST-825 when plants were infested at the 7th-node stage of growth. When plants were infested at the 12th-node stage, DES-119 produced more bolls at position 1 on the lower nodes, whereas ST-825 produced more on the upper nodes. There was no varietal difference in boll production at position 2 of plants infested at the 12th-node stage. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 85 IS 3 BP 981 EP 986 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA HW827 UT WOS:A1992HW82700055 ER PT J AU MILLER, AJ AF MILLER, AJ TI COMBINED WATER ACTIVITY AND SOLUTE EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES SCOTT-A SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE; TEMPERATURE; PH; BACTERIA; SYSTEM AB Water activity and solute effects were determined on the growth and survival of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in bacteriological media. Media were adjusted to water activity (a(w)) levels of 0.99-0.80 with NaCl, glycerol (GLY), or propylene glycol (PG). Minimum a(w) levels for growth occurred at 0.90, 0.92, and 0.97 for GLY, NaCl, and PG, respectively. Survival was related to the a(w) level, as well as the solute employed. Cells survived the longest in GLY and died earliest in PG; NaCl was intermediate. These results provide quantitative isothermal criteria for estimating the a(w) level necessary to prevent growth of L. monocytogenes in food. RP MILLER, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 19 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 55 IS 6 BP 414 EP 418 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA HZ942 UT WOS:A1992HZ94200001 ER PT J AU HINTON, A CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR AF HINTON, A CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR TI INHIBITION OF THE GROWTH OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM AND ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 ON CHICKEN FEED MEDIA BY BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM THE INTESTINAL MICROFLORA OF CHICKENS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; DIETARY LACTOSE; COLONIZATION AB Two lactic acid-producing bacteria, one volatile fatty acid-producing bacterium. and one starch-hydrolyzing bacterium were isolated from the cecal contents of adult chickens. The ability of these bacteria to produce lactic and volatile fatty acids in 5% chicken feed broth media and to inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on a 5% chicken feed agar media was determined. Inhibition of the growth of the enteropathogens was due to bacteriostatic or bactericidal substances that the cecal isolates produced in the media. Depending on which isolates were used, the inhibitory substances were either high concentrations of lactic acid that created an inhibitory pH in the media or inhibitory concentrations of acetic and propionic acids that the isolates produced in the media. RP HINTON, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB, ROUTE 5, BOX 810, COLLEGE STN, TX 77845 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 55 IS 6 BP 419 EP 423 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA HZ942 UT WOS:A1992HZ94200002 ER PT J AU BUCHANAN, RL SCHULTZ, FJ AF BUCHANAN, RL SCHULTZ, FJ TI EVALUATION OF THE OXOID BCET-RPLA KIT FOR THE DETECTION OF BACILLUS-CEREUS DIARRHEAL ENTEROTOXIN AS COMPARED TO CELL-CULTURE CYTOTONICITY SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID TOXIN PRODUCTION; MILK AB The relationship between detection of heat-labile enterotoxin production by Bacillus cereus using the Oxoid BCET-RPLA kit and the production of a cytotonic response in HEp-2 and CHO cells was evaluated using 12 isolates. The strains were cultured in brain heart infusion + 0.1% glucose for 5 h at 37-degrees-C on a rotary shaker. Cell-free supernatants were prepared by filtration and tested using the two cell lines and the immunoassay. The primary biological response noted with the cell lines was cytotonicity, with the CHO cells being consistently more sensitive than the HEp-2 cells. While there was general agreement between the cell culture tests and the immunoassay, differences were noted for specific strains. Further, while activity in cell cultures was lost when cell-free supernatants were heated to 80-degrees-C for 5 min, the BCET-RPLA kits continued to detect significant levels of enterotoxin. The results suggest that confirmation of B. cereus enterotoxin using a suitable biological response may be warranted until additional research can clarify the specificity of the BCET-RPLA assay. RP BUCHANAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 11 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 55 IS 6 BP 440 EP 443 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA HZ942 UT WOS:A1992HZ94200006 ER PT J AU WEST, T AF WEST, T TI FOREST TRANSFER ACT OF 1905 SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP WEST, T (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,HISTORY UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20013, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 90 IS 6 BP 44 EP 44 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HW157 UT WOS:A1992HW15700019 ER PT J AU YU, ZL PODGWAITE, JD WOOD, HA AF YU, ZL PODGWAITE, JD WOOD, HA TI GENETIC-ENGINEERING OF A LYMANTRIA-DISPAR NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS FOR EXPRESSION OF FOREIGN GENES SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACULOVIRUS DNA; TRANSFECTION; VECTORS; MUTANT; CELLS AB A bacterial lacZ gene was inserted into an isolate of the Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdMNPV). The transfer vector was constructed by site-directed mutagenesis of the translation start site of the LdMNPV polyhedrin gene, within the BglII E fragment of the viral genome. A multiple cloning sequence was inserted at this start site and used for the insertion of the lacZ gene into the transfer plasmid. Liposome transfection was used to cotransfect L. dispar tissue culture cells with viral DNA and the transfer plasmid. Recombinant LdMNPV isolates were purified by isolation of plaques producing beta-galactosidase but not polyhedra. Restriction enzyme fragment profiles were used to determine the site of the lacZ gene insertion, and DNA sequencing of the 5' and 3' ends of the lacZ gene insert and the adjoining polyhedrin promoter and coding regions was performed to identify its precise location. Expression of the lacZ gene was examined by studying virus-induced protein using [S-35]methionine pulse-labelling, SDS-PAGE fractionation and autoradiography. Expression of #-galactosidase was examined in tissue culture cells using colorimetric assays. The maximum rate of beta-galactosidase production was approximately 50 international units (IU)/10(6) tissue culture cells/day between 3 and 4 days post-infection (p.i), and the peak total expression was 158 IU/10(6) cells 5 days p.i. beta-Galactosidase activity was first detected 48 h p.i. in haemolymph samples from fourth instar L. dispar larvae injected with 10(6) p.f u. of virus. The peak beta-galactosidase activity in larval haemolymph samples was 1931 IU/ml of haemolymph at 11 days p.i., just prior to death. C1 CORNELL UNIV,BOYCE THOMPSON INST PLANT RES,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853. NE FOREST EXPT STN,HAMDEN,CT 06514. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 73 BP 1509 EP 1514 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-73-6-1509 PN 6 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA HY566 UT WOS:A1992HY56600023 PM 1607870 ER PT J AU LENAU, CW HJELMFELT, AT AF LENAU, CW HJELMFELT, AT TI RIVER BED DEGRADATION DUE TO ABRUPT OUTFALL LOWERING SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-MODEL; CHANNELS; AGGRADATION AB Lower reaches of tributaries to the Missouri River were straightened in the late 19th and early 20th century. Channel degradation has progressed upstream as a result, Channel deepening and widening have caused problems at stream crossings and have resulted in gully encroachment into cultivated fields. A diffusion model and an hyperbolic model, each describing channel degradation, are solved using a Laplace transform approach. A closed-form solution is obtained for the diffusion model. but numerical methods are necessary for evaluation of the inverse transform of the hyperbolic model. A closed-form asymptotic solution is found for the hyperbolic case. This asymptotic solution is shown to contain the solution to the diffusion model as a special case. The asymptotic solution is compared with observed degradation of West Tarkio Creek, a small river in northwestern Missouri and southwestern Iowa, with good results. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP LENAU, CW (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 1992 VL 118 IS 6 BP 918 EP 933 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:6(918) PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA HV712 UT WOS:A1992HV71200006 ER PT J AU AGUIRREPE, J FUENTES, R OLIVERO, ML AF AGUIRREPE, J FUENTES, R OLIVERO, ML TI FLOW RESISTANCE OF RIPRAP - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV LOS ANDES,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,HYDR LAB,MERIDA,VENEZUELA. RP AGUIRREPE, J (reprint author), UNIV LOS ANDES,DEPT CIV ENGN,HYDR LAB,APARTADO 45,MERIDA 5101 A,VENEZUELA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 1992 VL 118 IS 6 BP 952 EP 954 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:6(952.2) PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA HV712 UT WOS:A1992HV71200016 ER PT J AU HIREMATH, S JONES, D AF HIREMATH, S JONES, D TI JUVENILE-HORMONE REGULATION OF VITELLOGENIN IN THE GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR - SUPPRESSION OF VITELLOGENIN MESSENGER-RNA IN THE FAT-BODY SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE JUVENILE HORMONE ANALOG; VITELLOGENIN MESSENGER RNA; INVITRO TRANSLATION; SUPPRESSION ID TRICHOPLUSIA-NI HUBNER; MANDUCA-SEXTA; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA; TOBACCO HORNWORM; HEMOLYMPH-PROTEINS; GENE-EXPRESSION; STORAGE PROTEIN; BOMBYX-MORI; SEQUENCE; ESTERASE AB Hormonal regulation of vitellogenin synthesis and accumulation in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, was examined using a potent juvenile hormone analogue fenoxycarb. The vitellogenin in the haemolymph of female larvae could be detected on days 4-5 of the 5th (final) larval stadium and continued to accumulate throughout the remainder of the stadium. Treatment of larvae with fenoxycarb during the intermoult period from 4th to 5th instar caused a delay in the appearance of the vitellogenin in the haemolymph and the rate of vitellogenin accumulation decreased. This effect of fenoxycarb was dose responsive and depended on the developmental stage of the larva. Treatment done after day 2 of the 5th stadium had no effect on the vitellogenin accumulation. Analysis of poly(A) RNA isolated from the fat body of female larvae showed the presence of a 5400 nucleotide (nt) RNA species in untreated larvae not present in fenoxycarb-treated larvae. This RNA species was not detected in the fat body of day 7 5th-instar male and day 1 5th-instar female larvae but was present in females on day 6 and later part of the 5th stadium. Translation of poly(A) RNA from untreated female larvae yielded a protein of 175 kDa whereas poly(A) RNA from fenoxycarb-treated female larvae did not. The presence of the 175 kDa product depended upon the presence of the 5400 nt RNA species in the poly(A) RNA. The 175 kDa translation product was immunologically related to the large subunits of the vitellogenin. A synthetic oligonucleotide probe encoding the amino acid sequence corresponding to the N-terminal region of the large subunit of vitellogenin (Vg190) hybridized specifically to the 5400 nt RNA. These data indicate that fenoxycarb acts by regulating the level of vitellogenin mRNA in the fat body. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT ENTOMOL,LEXINGTON,KY 40536. RP HIREMATH, S (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 38 IS 6 BP 461 EP 474 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(92)90123-U PG 14 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA JB797 UT WOS:A1992JB79700008 ER PT J AU LICHTENSTEIN, AH HACHEY, DL MILLAR, JS JENNER, JL BOOTH, L ORDOVAS, J SCHAEFER, EJ AF LICHTENSTEIN, AH HACHEY, DL MILLAR, JS JENNER, JL BOOTH, L ORDOVAS, J SCHAEFER, EJ TI MEASUREMENT OF HUMAN APOLIPOPROTEIN-B-48 AND B-100 KINETICS IN TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS USING [5,5,5-H-2(3)]LEUCINE SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE KINETICS; DEUTERATED LEUCINE; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B-48; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B-100 ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; LEUCYL-TRANSFER RNA; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIC SUBJECTS; STABLE ISOTOPES; B SYNTHESIS; A-I; METABOLISM; PLASMA; INTESTINE; LEUCINE AB A primed-constant infusion of deuterated leucine was used in humans to determine the maximal level of enrichment at plateau of apolipoprotein (apo)B-48 and apoB-100 which are synthesized in the intestine and liver, respectively, and to compare the kinetics of these two proteins under identical conditions. Eight normal subjects (four post-menopausal females and four males) over the age of 40 were studied in the constantly fed state over a 20-h period by providing small hourly feedings of identical composition. [5,5,5-H-2(3)]Leucine (10-mu-mol/kg body weight followed by 10-mu-mol/kg body weight per hour) was infused over 15 h intravenously. The enrichment of deuterated leucine in apoB-48 and apoB-100 triglyceride-rich lipoproteins isolated by ultracentrifugation (d < 1.006 g/ml) was determined during thc entire infusion period. The plateau level of enrichment in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein apoB-48 was 3.96 +/- 1.41 tracer/tracee ratio (%) which was 39.7% of the plasma leucine enrichment level. The plateau level of enrichment in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein apoB-100 was 7.23 +/- 1.17 tracer/tracee ratio (%) which was 72.5% of the plasma leucine enrichment level. Mean fractional secretion rates of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein apoB-48 and apoB-100 were 4.39 +/- 2.00 and 5.39 +/- 1.98 pools per day, respectively, with estimated residence times of 5.47 and 4.45 hours, respectively. The data indicate that in the fed state there is about a twofold difference in the plateau enrichment of an intestinally derived protein, as compared to one of hepatic origin, most likely attributable to differences in the enrichment of the intracellular leucine in the two organs. Our data indicate that in the fed state apoB-48 and apoB-100 within triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are catabolized at similar fractional rates, and that the major pool size differences between these two proteins are due to differences in the absolute secretion rate. Moreover, the data arc consistent with the view that one cannot use the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein apoB-100 plateau as an indicator of precursor pool enrichment in protein kinetic studies via endogenous labeling with labeled amino acids to assess the kinetics f apolipoproteins partially or totally synthesized by the intestine, such as apoB-48 or apoA-I. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP LICHTENSTEIN, AH (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 39326] NR 42 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 33 IS 6 BP 907 EP 914 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA JA777 UT WOS:A1992JA77700013 PM 1512514 ER PT J AU ARAMBURO, C MONTIEL, JL PROUDMAN, JA BERGHMAN, LR SCANES, CG AF ARAMBURO, C MONTIEL, JL PROUDMAN, JA BERGHMAN, LR SCANES, CG TI PHOSPHORYLATION OF PROLACTIN AND GROWTH-HORMONE SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CGH CHARGE VARIANTS; HETEROGENEITY; PURIFICATION; PROTEINS; INVITRO; FORMS AB To determine whether GH and prolactin could be phosphorylated, turkey GH, chicken GH, chicken prolactin and turkey prolactin were incubated in vitro with the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A and [gamma-P-32]ATP. Phosphorylation was assessed after sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blotting and autoradiography. Polyacrylamide electrophoresis showed that both purified native chicken GH and turkey GH were phosphorylated under the conditions employed. However, the glycosylated variant of chicken GH did not appear to be labelled. Chicken prolactin, turkey prolactin and the glycosylated variant of turkey prolactin were all intensely phosphorylated by protein kinase A. Ovine and rat prolactins could also be phosphorylated by protein kinase A. The phosphate content of different native prolactin (turkey, ovine and rat) and GH (ovine and chicken) preparations was also determined and found to be significant. Chicken pituitary cells in primary culture incorporated P-32 in GH- and prolactin-like bands isolated by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophores's, and this was stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate. Phosphorylation of GH and prolactin may thus explain some of the charge heterogeneity of these hormones. C1 USDA,AVIAN PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN,NEUROENDOCRINOL & IMMUNOL BIOTECHNOL LAB,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. RP ARAMBURO, C (reprint author), NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV MEXICO,INST INVEST BIOMED,DEPT FISIOL,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU J ENDOCRINOLOGY LTD PI BRISTOL PA 17/18 THE COURTYARD, WOODLANDS, ALMONDSBURY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS12 4NQ SN 0952-5041 J9 J MOL ENDOCRINOL JI J. Mol. Endocrinol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 3 BP 183 EP 191 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA HZ122 UT WOS:A1992HZ12200001 PM 1632894 ER PT J AU TREWITT, PM HEILMANN, LJ DEGRUGILLIER, SS KUMARAN, AK AF TREWITT, PM HEILMANN, LJ DEGRUGILLIER, SS KUMARAN, AK TI THE BOLL-WEEVIL VITELLOGENIN GENE - NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE, STRUCTURE, AND EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIP TO NEMATODE AND VERTEBRATE VITELLOGENIN GENES SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE COLEOPTERAN INSECT; YOLK PROTEINS; SEQUENCE COMPARISONS; CONSERVATION OF INTRON POSITIONS ID YOLK PROTEINS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; MOSQUITO VITELLOGENIN; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SEA-URCHIN; 5' END; EXPRESSION; PURIFICATION; CLEAVAGE AB Boll weevil(Anthonomus grandis) eggs contain two yolk proteins, YP47 and Yp160. Using anti-YP160 antiserum as probe, a partial-length complementary DNA (cDNA) was isolated from a lambda-gt11 adult female cDNA library. A second partial-length cDNA was isolated from a lambda-gt10 adult female cDNA library by differential screening with male vs. female cDNAs. Northern blot analysis showed that each cloned cDNA hybridized to a 6-kb female-specific transcript. These cDNAs were used to probe a genomic library, and two overlapping genomic clones were obtained that span the boll weevil vitellogenin gene. The entire transcription unit was sequenced, and introns were mapped by a combination of primer extension experiments, S1 nuclease protection experiments, and polymerase chain reaction-mediated synthesis of two additional cDNA clones. Based on these data, the vitellogenin mRNA is 5511 nucleotides [plus a poly(A) tail of undetermined length] and specifies a provitellogenin of 1790 amino acids. The deduced protein has a Glu + Gln content of 16.3%, which is a relatively high value that is typical of most vitellogenins. Protein sequence similarities including Cys clusters conserved between boll weevil vitellogenin and Xenopus laevis A2 or Caenorhabditis elegans vit-5 vitellogenins indicated that the boll weevil protein is a member of the ancient nematode-vertebrate vitellogenin family. Moreover, the six introns in the boll weevil vitellogenin gene interrupt the coding region at positions closely or exactly corresponding to a subset of the positions of the 34 vertebrate vitellogenin introns, further supporting the argument for a common evolutionary relationship. This report represents the first complete nucleotide sequence and structural analysis of a nondipteran insect vitellogenin gene. C1 MARQUETTE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,MILWAUKEE,WI 53233. USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 55 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 34 IS 6 BP 478 EP 492 DI 10.1007/BF00160462 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA HV092 UT WOS:A1992HV09200003 PM 1593641 ER PT J AU YOUNG, LD AF YOUNG, LD TI PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIES ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM USE OF NEMATODE RESISTANT CULTIVARS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GLOBODERA-TABACUM-SOLANACEARUM; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; MANAGEMENT; MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; NEMATODE; RESISTANCE; ROTATION ID SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE; GLOBODERA-TABACUM-SOLANACEARUM; FLUE-CURED TOBACCO; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CROPPING SEQUENCES; UNITED-STATES; ROOT-KNOT; YIELD AB Plant-parasitic nematodes are obligate parasites, and planting cultivars that are highly resistant to these organisms places extensive selection pressure on the target species and affects nontarget nematodes as well. Problems encountered with long-term planting of cultivars resistant to nematodes include shifts in nematode races or species and the occurrence of multiple species of nematodes within the same field. These problems can be alleviated to some extent when crop management is used to lessen the selection pressure for change on the nematode populations. Race shifts within populations and possibly shifts between nematode species can be delayed by rotating susceptible cultivars and nonhost crops with resistant cultivars. Nematicides in conjunction with resistant cultivars may be used to limit damage by multiple species of nematodes. Some cultivars have resistance to multiple species of nematodes, but greatly increased research effort is needed in this area. More intensive plant breeding effort will be required to make nematode resistant cultivars competitive in quality and yield with more productive, susceptible cultivars. RP YOUNG, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,605 AIRWAYS BLVD,JACKSON,TN 38301, USA. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 2 BP 228 EP 233 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HX565 UT WOS:A1992HX56500002 PM 19282988 ER PT J AU REED, SM SCHNEIDER, SM AF REED, SM SCHNEIDER, SM TI EVALUATION OF NICOTIANA-OTOPHORA AS A SOURCE OF RESISTANCE TO MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA RACE-4 FOR TOBACCO SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BREEDING; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA RACE-4; NEMATODE; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; NICOTIANA-OTOPHORA; RESISTANCE; TOBACCO AB No currently available tobacco cultivar possesses resistance to Meloidogyne incognita race 4, nor has any source of resistance been reported within Nicotiana tabacum. The purpose of this study was to evaluate N. otophora acc. La Quinta as a source of resistance to this pathogen. Plants of tobacco cvs. NC 95 and NC 2326, N. otophora La Quinta and N. repanda were inoculated with second-stage juveniles of M. incognita race 4. Gall indices and egg-mass ratings were assessed at 4 and 8 weeks after inoculation. The two N. tabacum cultivars were heavily galled and had numerous egg masses at both rating periods. Nicotiana repanda was only weakly resistant. The galls on this species were very small and present at a low to moderate level; however, egg-mass ratings approaching those of the tobacco cultivars were observed 8 weeks after inoculation. In contrast, low gall indices and egg-mass ratings were found for N. otophora La Quinta at both the 4- and 8-week rating periods. In addition, little variability was observed within this species for either disease rating. Therefore, it appears that the La Quinta accession of N. otophora is a very promising source of M. incognita race 4 resistance for transfer to N. tabacum. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP REED, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,POB 1168,OXFORD,NC 27565, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 2 BP 253 EP 256 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HX565 UT WOS:A1992HX56500005 PM 19282991 ER PT J AU WINDHAM, GL PEDERSON, GA AF WINDHAM, GL PEDERSON, GA TI COMPARISON OF REPRODUCTION BY MELOIDOGYNE-GRAMINICOLA AND MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA ON TRIFOLIUM SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CLOVER; MELOIDOGYNE-GRAMINICOLA; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; NEMATODE; PATHOGENICITY; RESISTANCE; RICE ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; SOUTHERN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; TRIFOLIUM SPP ID WHITE CLOVER; 1ST REPORT; RESISTANCE AB The reproductive potential of Meloidogyne graminicola was compared with that of M. incognita on Trifolium species in greenhouse studies. Twenty-five Trifolium plant introductions, cultivars, or populations representing 23 species were evaluated for nematode reproduction and root galling 45 days after inoculation with 3,000 eggs of M. graminicola or M. incognita. Root galling and egg production by the two root-knot nematode species was similar on most of the Trifolium species. In a separate study, the effect of initial population densities (Pi) of M. graminicola and M. incognita on the growth of white clover (T. repens) was determined. Reproductive and pathogenic capabilities of M. graminicola and M. incognita on Trifolium spp. were similar. Pi levels of both root-knot nematode species as low as 125 eggs per 10-cm-d pots severely galled white clover plants after 90 days. Meloidogyne graminicola has the potential to be a major pest of Trifolium species in the southeastern United States. RP WINDHAM, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 2 BP 257 EP 261 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HX565 UT WOS:A1992HX56500006 PM 19282992 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, DT GOTTWALD, TR AF KAPLAN, DT GOTTWALD, TR TI LECTIN BINDING TO RADOPHOLUS-CITROPHILUS AND R-SIMILIS PROTEINS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARBOHYDRATE; CITRUS; LECTIN; NEMATODE; RADOPHOLUS; RECOGNITION; SIALIC ACID; SYSTEMATICS; TAXONOMY ID MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; BIOCHEMICAL-IDENTIFICATION; 2ND-STAGE JUVENILES; GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; ADULT FEMALES; BODY WALL; 2 RACES; NEMATODE; LOCALIZATION; CHEMOTAXIS AB Lectin-binding glycoproteins in seven populations of two burrowing nematode sibling species were probed with five different biotinylated lectins on Western blots, and differences were correlated with nematode ability to parasitize citrus and to overcome citrus rootstock resistance. Banding patterns of molecular weight standards were fit best by an exponential decay function, and a predictive equation was used to estimate molecular weights (r2 = 0.999). A band (131 kDa) that labeled with the lectin Concanavalin A (Con A) occurred in extracts from cuticles and egg shells of populations of Radopholus citrophilus that parasitize citrus. Wheat germ agglutin labeled a band (58 kDa) in aqueous homogenates of populations that reproduce in roots of citrus rootstock normally resistant to burrowing nematodes. The two sibling species R. citrophilus and R. similis were distinguished by a high molecular weight Con A-labeled band (608 kDa) from cuticle and egg shells. Probing blots with the lectin Limulus polyphemus agglutinin indicated that each population contained a band (12-16 kDa) specifically inhibited by the addition of 25 mM neuraminic acid, suggesting that glycoproteins with sialic acid moieties are present in burrowing nematodes. RP KAPLAN, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 2 BP 281 EP 288 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HX565 UT WOS:A1992HX56500011 PM 19282997 ER PT J AU GOLDEN, AM LOPEZ, R VILCHEZ, H AF GOLDEN, AM LOPEZ, R VILCHEZ, H TI DESCRIPTION OF PRATYLENCHUS-GUTIERREZI N-SP (NEMATODA, PRATYLENCHIDAE) FROM COFFEE IN COSTA-RICA SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COFFEA-ARABICA; COSTA-RICA; LESION NEMATODE; MORPHOLOGY; NEMATODE; NEW SPECIES; PRATYLENCHUS-FLAKKENSIS; P-GIBBICAUDATUS; P-GUTIERREZI N-SP; P-SIMILIS; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SEM; TAXONOMY AB A lesion nematode, Pratylenchus gutierrizi n. sp., collected from the roots of coffee in the Central Plateau of Costa Rica, is described and illustrated. Its relationships to Pratylenchus flakkensis, P. similis, and P. gibbicaudatus, the only other species of the genus having two head annules, males, or spermatheca with sperm, and an annulated tail terminus, is discussed. Other distinctive characters are its posterior vulva (mean of 80%); its prominently rounded stylet knobs, low head, and subcylindrical tail. SEM observations provide additional details of females and males, especially face views, which show for the first time sexual dimorphism. C1 UNIV COSTA RICA,ESCUELA FITOTECN,NEMATOL LAB,SAN JOSE,COSTA RICA. RP GOLDEN, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 2 BP 298 EP 304 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA HX565 UT WOS:A1992HX56500013 PM 19282999 ER PT J AU BURRIN, DG SHULMAN, RJ REEDS, PJ DAVIS, TA GRAVITT, KR AF BURRIN, DG SHULMAN, RJ REEDS, PJ DAVIS, TA GRAVITT, KR TI PORCINE COLOSTRUM AND MILK STIMULATE VISCERAL ORGAN AND SKELETAL-MUSCLE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS IN NEONATAL PIGLETS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE COLOSTRUM; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; NEONATAL; PIGS ID EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; 1ST 24 H; SUCKLING RATS; FACTOR-I; INSULIN; BIRTH; LIVER; ACID; ABSORPTION; INITIATION AB Our objective was to determine the relative contributions of protein synthesis and protein absorption in the rapid accretion of gastrointestinal protein in suckling piglets during the early neonatal period. We measured the rates of tissue protein synthesis using a flooding dose of L-[4-H-3]phenylalanine in various visceral and peripheral tissues of neonatal piglets fed water, mature milk or colostrum for 6 h. The jejunal and ileal protein synthesis rates in piglets fed either colostrum or milk were three- to fourfold higher than in piglets fed water. The increased jejunal and ileal protein synthesis could not, however, account for the differences in protein mass between the colostrum-fed and water-fed groups. The relative abundance of IgG, a major porcine colostral protein, in jejunal tissue was markedly higher in piglets fed colostrum than in piglets fed either milk or water. The fractional protein synthesis rates in liver, kidney, spleen and skeletal muscle and the absolute protein synthesis rates in liver and spleen were also greater in piglets fed colostrum than in those fed milk or water. Increased endogenous protein synthesis made only a minor contribution to the increased intestinal protein accretion in neonatal piglets fed colostrum. A much larger proportion of this increase seemed to be a result of absorption and retention of ingested immunoglobulins. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP BURRIN, DG (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 33 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 122 IS 6 BP 1205 EP 1213 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HW154 UT WOS:A1992HW15400002 PM 1375287 ER PT J AU MORRE, DM SPRING, H TRENDELENBURG, M MONTAG, M MOLLENHAUER, BA MOLLENHAUER, HH MORRE, DJ AF MORRE, DM SPRING, H TRENDELENBURG, M MONTAG, M MOLLENHAUER, BA MOLLENHAUER, HH MORRE, DJ TI RETINOL STIMULATES GOLGI-APPARATUS ACTIVITY IN CULTURED BOVINE MAMMARY-GLAND EPITHELIAL-CELLS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE RETINOL; GOLGI APPARATUS; BOVINE MAMMARY EPITHELIAL CELLS; VITAMIN-A ID RAT-LIVER; MICROSCOPY; ARCHITECTURE AB Biochemical and electron microscopic studies have indicated that the Golgi apparatus responds to retinol. The purpose of this investigation was to visualize and record with living cells the rapidity of the response to retinol. A rapid response of the Golgi apparatus to retinol (1.75-17.5-mu-mol/L) added to the culture medium was observed using video-enhanced light microscopy with bovine mammary epithelial cells. The response was manifested within 1 min as a marked movement of membranes within the Golgi apparatus zone. In subsequent electron microscope preparations of the cells, only minor changes were observed and were restricted to increased numbers of normal-appearing membranes and vesicles associated with the trans Golgi apparatus face of the retinol-treated cells. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT BIOL SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. GERMAN CANC RES CTR,INST EXPTL PATHOL,W-6900 HEIDELBERG 1,GERMANY. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT MED CHEM,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. USDA,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. RP MORRE, DM (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT FOODS & NUTR,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 122 IS 6 BP 1248 EP 1253 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HW154 UT WOS:A1992HW15400007 PM 1588440 ER PT J AU APGAR, J AF APGAR, J TI ZINC AND REPRODUCTION - AN UPDATE SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE PREGNANCY; PARTURITION; DIET; MALE ID MALE ALBINO-RATS; METALLOTHIONEIN GENE-EXPRESSION; HUMAN SEMINAL PLASMA; X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; SEA-URCHIN SPERM; DIETARY ZINC; DEFICIENT RATS; TRACE-ELEMENTS; MATERNAL ZINC; RHESUS-MONKEYS RP APGAR, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 160 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 3 IS 6 BP 266 EP 278 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(92)90032-E PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA HX654 UT WOS:A1992HX65400001 ER PT J AU DANFORTH, HD BARTA, JR AUGUSTINE, PC AF DANFORTH, HD BARTA, JR AUGUSTINE, PC TI LOCALIZATION OF A LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT ANTIGEN OF EIMERIA-TENELLA BY USE OF HYBRIDOMA ANTIBODIES SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECIFICITY AB Three monoclonal antibodies (Mabs), found by western blot analysis to recognize 10-kDa bands of Eimeria tenella sporozoite preparations, were used with immunoelectron (IE) microscopy, immunogold-silver staining (IGSS), and indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) light microscopy to determine the location and distribution of the antigens in or on extra- and intracellular parasites. All 3 of the Mabs (designated C3, E5, and 123 1) were found by IE microscopy to label amylopectin granules of extracellular sporozoites. Additionally, these Mabs extensively gold-labeled the sporocyst wall. In cultured primary chicken kidney cells inoculated with sporozoites of E. tenella, IGSS showed surface labeling of the parasite and intense labeling of the infected host cells by 6 hr postinoculation (PI). At 24 hr PI, host cell vacuoles in infected and uninfected cells were labeled by the 3 Mabs by IFA. The E5 and C3 Mabs also were seen to label the host cell membrane of newly infected cells. The C3 and 1231 Mabs showed little label of the host cells by 48 hr PI, but the parasites still were labeled up to 96 hr PI. The E5 Mab had intense IFA labeling of infected host cells at 48 hr PI. The results of this study indicate that parasites apparently release antigenic material during the early stages of parasite development and that this material is found internally and/or on the surface of the infected host cells. RP DANFORTH, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ANIM PARASITOL UNIT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Barta, John/0000-0001-6896-2271 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 78 IS 3 BP 460 EP 465 DI 10.2307/3283644 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA HX997 UT WOS:A1992HX99700013 PM 1597789 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP ACLAND, HM HAMIR, AN AF DUBEY, JP ACLAND, HM HAMIR, AN TI NEOSPORA-CANINUM (APICOMPLEXA) IN A STILLBORN GOAT SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID DOGS AB Tissue cysts of Neospora caninum were found in sections of brain from a stillborn pygmy goat. The tissue cysts had 1-2-mu-m-thick cyst walls and stained with anti-N. caninum serum in an immunohistochemical test. Glial nodules, mononuclear perivascular cuffing, and foci of inflammation were associated with N. caninum tissue cysts throughout the brain. This report indicates that N. caninum can be transmitted transplacentally in goats. C1 UNIV PENN,SCH VET MED,LARGE ANIM PATHOL LAB,KENNETT SQ,PA 19348. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BLDG 1040,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 78 IS 3 BP 532 EP 534 DI 10.2307/3283661 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA HX997 UT WOS:A1992HX99700027 PM 1597802 ER PT J AU FAYER, R AF FAYER, R TI ACTIVITY OF SULFADIMETHOXINE AGAINST CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN DAIRY CALVES SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID OUTBREAK AB Of 13 neonatal calves inoculated orally with 1.5 x 10(6) oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum, 7 in group A were fed 5-g boluses of sulfadimethoxine for 21 consecutive days beginning 1 day before infection, and 6 calves in group B were untreated controls. Calves in group A had diarrhea for 6-18 days (xBAR = 11 days); those in group B had diarrhea for 4-14 days (xBAR = 8.7 days). The severity of diarrhea, based on a daily numerical scoring system, was similar for both groups. Calves in group A shed an average of 18 x 10(6) oocysts/ml of feces for 3.9 days; those in group B shed an average of 2.4 x 10(6) oocysts/ml of feces for 5.3 days. By 28 days of age, calves in group A vs. group B pined an average of 8.9 kg vs. 15.7 kg. These findings indicate that sulfadimethoxine did not significantly reduce the number of days or severity of diarrhea, or the number of oocysts or patent period, nor did it improve weight gains. RP FAYER, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,10300 BALTIMORE BLVD,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 78 IS 3 BP 534 EP 537 DI 10.2307/3283662 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA HX997 UT WOS:A1992HX99700028 PM 1597803 ER PT J AU MILLIE, DF BAKER, MC TUCKER, CS VINYARD, BT DIONIGI, CP AF MILLIE, DF BAKER, MC TUCKER, CS VINYARD, BT DIONIGI, CP TI HIGH-RESOLUTION AIRBORNE REMOTE-SENSING OF BLOOM-FORMING PHYTOPLANKTON SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AQUACULTURE; CYANOPHYTA; CHLOROPHYTA; PHYTOPLANKTON; REMOTE SENSING; WATER QUALITY ID THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; COASTAL WATERS; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; SATELLITE RADIOMETER; SURFACE BLOOMS; CHLOROPHYLL; TEMPERATURE; ADAPTATION; ESTUARIES; SEDIMENT AB Remote sensing of highly turbid finfish aquaculture impoundments using the Calibrated Airborne Multispectral Scanner (CAMS) mounted on a Lear jet flown at 900 m was conducted in central Mississippi on 16 May 1990. Concurrent in situ data consisted of phytoplankton pigment concentrations and standing crop, water color, turbidity, and surface-water temperature. Surface and near-surface assemblages of cyanophytes and chlorophytes varied dramatically among impoundments; total chlorophyll concentrations and standing crop values ranged from 8 to 483 Mg.m-3 and 8.0 X 10(2) to 2.2 x 10(6) cells.mL-1, respectively. Regression models fit to CAMS data provided reliable estimates for and produced accurate digital cartographs of total chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations, phytoplankton standing crop, and turbidity. Although a model to effectively estimate in situ c-phycocyanin concentrations was not identified, the lack Of a suitable model may have resulted from variability of pigment extraction during quantification rather than failure Of remotely sensed imagery to detect c-phycocyanin. Models derived from imagery of impoundments directly beneath the aircraft sufficiently described in situ parameters in imagery of adjacent series of impoundments not directly below the aircraft. High-resolution airborne remote sensing provides a means for monitoring local phytoplankton dynamics in temporal and spatial scales analogous to biotic and abiotic processes affecting such dynamics and necessary for applications to ecological research and fisheries or aquacultural management. C1 SPACE REMOTE SENSING CTR,BLDG 1103,SUITE 118,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. LOYOLA UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DELTA RES & EXTENS CTR,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 46 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU PHYCOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 28 IS 3 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1992.00281.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA HZ755 UT WOS:A1992HZ75500003 ER PT J AU FETT, WF OSMAN, SF DUNN, MF PANOPOULOS, NJ AF FETT, WF OSMAN, SF DUNN, MF PANOPOULOS, NJ TI CELL-SURFACE PROPERTIES OF PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE PV PHASEOLICOLA WILD-TYPE AND HRP MUTANTS SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENICITY LOCUS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; AERUGINOSA; POLYSACCHARIDES; ACID; EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES; GLYCINEA; BACTERIA; STRAINS; CHAIN AB The cell surface hydrophobicity and charge as well as surface polysaccharides of eight independent prototrophic hrp=Tn5 mutants (LINDGREN et al., J. Bacteriol. 168, 512-522, 1986) were compared to the wild-type parent strain NPS3121 of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. No significant differences were found in cell surface charge, but mutant strain NPS4005 exhibited significantly lower cell surface hydrophobicity than the wild-type and the other mutant strains. The mutant strains all retained the ability to produce the exopolysaccharides (EPS) levan, a neutral fructan, and alginate, an acidic polymer. Relative amounts of EPS produced in vitro was dependent on culture conditions. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) chemotypes were similar for all nine strains. Chemical as well as C-13-NMR analyses of the O-antigens from four wild-type strains of P. s. pv. phaseolicola representing two physiological races as well as the O-antigens of two strains of P. s. pv. syringae which belong to the same serogroup as P. s. pv. phaseolicola indicated that all of the O-antigens were very similar if not identical. LPS of three strains of P. s. pv. phaseolicola produced in vitro or in planta were also compared and no significant differences were detected. The altered phenotype of the Tn5 mutants of P. s. pv. phaseolicola does not appear to be due to changes in the ability to produce exopolysaccharides or to an altered composition of cell surface polysaccharides (LPS and EPS). However, a change in an unidentified cell surface component(s) leading to lowered cell surface hydrophobicity of mutant strain NPS4005 may be important. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP FETT, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PLANT SCI RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 135 IS 2 BP 135 EP 152 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1992.tb01260.x PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JD968 UT WOS:A1992JD96800005 ER PT J AU STEFFENS, GL LIN, JT STAFFORD, AE METZGER, JD HAZEBROEK, JP AF STEFFENS, GL LIN, JT STAFFORD, AE METZGER, JD HAZEBROEK, JP TI GIBBERELLIN CONTENT OF IMMATURE APPLE SEEDS FROM PACLOBUTRAZOL-TREATED TREES OVER 3 SEASONS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article ID THLASPI-ARVENSE L; BIOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH; PLANTS; FRUIT; SHOOT AB Seeds from heavily fruiting ("on-year"), mature untreated, and paclobutrazol-treated apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Spartan) were sampled in mid-June 1987, mid-July 1987, and mid-July 1990. After seeds were freeze-dried, gibberellins (GAs) were extracted, purified, and fractionated via C18 reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Nine GAs (GA1, GA3, GA4, GA7, GA8, GA9, GA19, GA20, and GA53) were quantified by the use of deuterated GA internal standards. Paclobutrazol trunk drench treatments reduced vegetative shoot elongation in the seasons that seeds were sampled by 55% or more. Between June 17, 1987 and July 15, 1987, the dry weight of seeds from both untreated and treated trees increased about 2.5 times and there were reductions, on a per seed basis, of GA4 in seeds from both untreated and treated trees, of GA7 in seeds from treated trees, and of GA9 in seeds from untreated trees. However, GA9 increased in seeds from treated trees. Changes in levels of some of the early-13-hydroxylation pathway GAs (GA1, GA3, GA8, GA19, GA20, and GA53) also occurred during the month. For mid-July harvested seeds, the pattern, with some exceptions, was that 2 years after paclobutrazol treatment (1987), levels of early-13-paclobutrazol pathway GAs in seeds from treated trees were lower compared to controls but after 5 years (1990) their levels tended to increase. For the non-13-hydroxylated GAs (GA4, GA7, and GA9), 2 years after paclobutrazol treatment, GA4 levels were equal in seeds from untreated and treated trees, GA7 decreased in seeds from treated trees compared with controls, but GA9 levels increased. Levels of these three GAs were higher in seeds from treated trees 5 years after treatment (1990) but levels of GA4, GA7, and GA9 dramatically increased in seeds from treated trees 4 years after treatment (1989), as we previously reported. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. RP STEFFENS, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7595 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1007/BF00194366 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JR895 UT WOS:A1992JR89500006 ER PT J AU SU, LY DELACRUZ, A MOORE, PH MARETZKI, A AF SU, LY DELACRUZ, A MOORE, PH MARETZKI, A TI THE RELATIONSHIP OF GLYPHOSATE TREATMENT TO SUGAR METABOLISM IN SUGARCANE - NEW PHYSIOLOGICAL INSIGHTS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SACCHARUM SPP; GLYPHOSATE; INVERTASE; REDUCING SUGARS; SUCROSE; AUXIN ID INVERTASE; TISSUES; FRUITS; MODE AB Glyphosate is used as a ripener in Hawaii's sugar industry to increase sucrose yield. The compound increased sucrose accumulation in the 5th internode of 4-month-old plants as early as 5 d after application. Enzyme activities involved in sucrose metabolism - such as sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS), acid invertase, and neutral invertase - were measured. Glyphosate significantly reduced the activity of acid invertase but not of the other enzymes. Decapitation by removal of the shoot apex did not stimulate sucrose accumulation in 5 d. However, sucrose content in the glyphosate plus decapitation treatment increased fivefold over that of the control and reached 50 % of that in glyphosate-treated stalks. Both decapitation and decapitation with glyphosate treatments reduced acid invertase activity to levels similar to those found in plants receiving glyphosate treatment alone. Dry mass in glyphosate-treated tissue was approximately 20 g kg-1 fresh mass greater than that of untreated tissue. Decrease in acid invertase activity by glyphosate was also observed in young internode discs; addition of auxin fully restored the enzyme activity. Collectively, these data show that the increase in sucrose accumulation by glyphosate treatment was due to a net increase in carbohydrates within an internode and a decrease in acid invertase activity, and that reduction of acid invertase activity in glyphosate-treated plants is mediated by auxin. C1 USDA ARS,PWA,AIEA,HI 96701. RP SU, LY (reprint author), HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS ASSOC,DEPT GENET & PATHOL,CELLULAR & MOLEC BIOL RES UNIT,POB 1057,AIEA,HI 96701, USA. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 140 IS 2 BP 168 EP 173 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JB789 UT WOS:A1992JB78900009 ER PT J AU WANG, CY KRAMER, GF WHITAKER, BD LUSBY, WR AF WANG, CY KRAMER, GF WHITAKER, BD LUSBY, WR TI TEMPERATURE PRECONDITIONING INCREASES TOLERANCE TO CHILLING INJURY AND ALTERS LIPID-COMPOSITION IN ZUCCHINI SQUASH SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CUCURBITA-PEPO; CHILLING INJURY; FATTY ACIDS; LIPIDS; POSTHARVEST PHYSIOLOGY; PRECONDITIONING; STORAGE; TEMPERATURE; ZUCCHINI SQUASH ID PLANTS; FRUIT; INHIBITION; MEMBRANES; LEAVES; PHOSPHATIDYLGLYCEROL; SENSITIVITY; DEGRADATION; SENESCENCE; POLYAMINES AB Temperature preconditioning at 15-degrees-C for 2 d effectively delayed the development of chilling injury in zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L., cv. ) storage at 5-degrees-C. Chilling at 5-degrees-C resulted in loss of phospholipids, including PC, PE, PG, and PI. These losses were reduced by temperature preconditioning treatment. The degree of fatty-acid unsaturation of phospholipids declined during storage, but was higher in treated squash than in the controls. Temperature preconditioning treatment also reduced losses of the galactolipids MGDG and DGDG during the cold storage. Spinasterol and DELTA-7-stigmastenol were the two predominant sterols, constituting more than 75 % of both the free sterol and steryl ester fractions. The ratio of free sterol/total phospholipids increased during the cold storage. The increase of this ratio was suppressed by the temperature preconditioning treatment. These results may indicate that acclimation to chilling storage temperatures involves protection of membranes from chilling-induced degradation of glycerolipids. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT HORMONE LAB,PSL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP WANG, CY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,PQDI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 39 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 140 IS 2 BP 229 EP 235 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JB789 UT WOS:A1992JB78900020 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, RD AHUJA, LR AF WILLIAMS, RD AHUJA, LR TI EVALUATION OF SIMILAR-MEDIA SCALING AND A ONE-PARAMETER MODEL FOR ESTIMATING THE SOIL-WATER CHARACTERISTIC SO JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; MANAGEMENT; RETENTION; PREDICT; TEXTURE AB Two simple methods for estimating the soil water characteristic curve from saturated soil water content, or even just the soil bulk density, plus one other measured point on the curve (such as the water content at a matric potential of -33 kPa) were evaluated. A similar-media scaling approach and the one-parameter model of Gregson et al. were compared for eight diverse soils from within the USA. The scaling method also requires knowledge of one complete curve to serve as a reference. The one-parameter model was extended to include the residual water content, and the soils were divided into three textural groups for the analysis. Visual comparison of the calculated vs. measured soil water content for both methods showed less scatter in the relationship to the 1:1 line, concomitant with smaller calculated error terms, for the one-parameter model. These results demonstrate that the one-parameter model is better than similar-media scaling in estimating soil water content. RP WILLIAMS, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL RES LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0022-4588 J9 J SOIL SCI PD JUN PY 1992 VL 43 IS 2 BP 237 EP 248 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JC819 UT WOS:A1992JC81900004 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, HL VANLOAN, MD BELKO, AZ BARBIERI, TF MAYCLIN, PL VIRK, SPS AF JOHNSON, HL VANLOAN, MD BELKO, AZ BARBIERI, TF MAYCLIN, PL VIRK, SPS TI CHANGES IN THERMOGENESIS AND CALORIC EFFICIENCY WITH HIGH AND NORMAL PROTEIN-REDUCING DIETS IN WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE WEIGHT LOSS; HIGH PROTEIN DIET; DIETARY-INDUCED THERMOGENESIS; DOUBLE LABELED WATER; BODY COMPOSITION CHANGES ID FAT AB A pilot study with four women (40-60% above ideal weight, 32-42 years old) was conducted for 6 weeks of weight maintenance, 12 weeks at 50% calories (1000 and 1200 kcal/day) and 6 weeks of weight maintenance after weight loss. Two women consumed 17% and two 32% of their calories from protein during restriction; their energy metabolism and body composition changes were examined. The use of doubly labeled water for measuring energy expenditure during weight loss was evaluated. Although the 32% protein diet did not reduce lean body tissue loss, the apparent increased efficiency of calorie utilization compared to the 17% protein diet is worthy of further investigation. Thermic effect of a meal was greatly reduced in these women compared to previously reported responses. Further refinements of the doubly labeled water method are needed prior to application in weight loss studies. RP JOHNSON, HL (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 263 EP 266 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HX575 UT WOS:A1992HX57500005 PM 1619177 ER PT J AU RAPER, NR CRONIN, FJ EXLER, J AF RAPER, NR CRONIN, FJ EXLER, J TI OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACID CONTENT OF THE UNITED-STATES FOOD-SUPPLY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS; LINOLENIC ACID; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; UNITED-STATES FOOD SUPPLY AB In this study, levels and sources of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) available for consumption in the US food 1935, are estimated. Omega-3 FA assessed are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and linolenic acid (LNA). Estimates are based on annual per capita food use data and data on the omega-3 FA content of foods. Although fish use increased, the EPA level was slightly lower in 1985 than in 1935-1939, reflecting a marked decline in use of certain fatty fish. The level of DHA increased, due to greater use of poultry. The level of LNA increased because of greater use of soybean oil. These estimates are currently the only source of data on omega-3 FA in the American diet. C1 USDA,DIV NUTR EDUC,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. USDA,DIV NUTR MONITORING,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP RAPER, NR (reprint author), US HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV,ROOM 325,6505 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 11 TC 101 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 304 EP 308 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HX575 UT WOS:A1992HX57500010 PM 1619182 ER PT J AU FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD AF FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD TI CARDIOMYOPATHY OF COPPER DEFICIENCY - EFFECT OF VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE COPPER; FRUCTOSE; CARDIOMYOPATHY; VITAMIN-E ID ENZYMATIC PROTECTIVE MECHANISM; LIPID PEROXIDATION DAMAGE; OZONE-EXPOSED RATS; DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE; TISSUES; SELENIUM; LUNGS AB The present study was undertaken to determine whether the intraperitoneal injection of vitamin E to copper-(Cu) deficient rats fed fructose will protect the animals against the severity of Cu deficiency. Cu-deficient and adequate rats were fed a diet containing 62% carbohydrate as fructose. Half the Cu-deficient rats fed fructose were injected daily with vitamin E. Vitamin E treated rats were not protected against the lethal consequences of the interaction between Cu and fructose. These data provide evidence that the cardiomyopathy of Cu deficiency in rats consuming a fructose-based diet cannot be ameliorated by vitamin E supplementation. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. RP FIELDS, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BLDG 307,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 330 EP 333 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HX575 UT WOS:A1992HX57500013 PM 1619185 ER PT J AU FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD AF FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD TI GARLIC OIL EXTRACT AMELIORATES THE SEVERITY OF COPPER DEFICIENCY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE COPPER DEFICIENCY; GARLIC; FRUCTOSE; STARCH ID DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE; RATS; FRUCTOSE; BLOOD; PEROXIDATION; METABOLISM; STARCH; LIPIDS AB This study was undertaken to determine whether a reduction in hepatic lipogenesis would be beneficial in the amelioration of copper (Cu) deficiency when fructose is fed. Garlic was chosen as the agent for reducing hepatic lipogenesis. Forty-eight weanling rats were fed Cu-deficient or adequate diets containing fructose or starch with or without garlic for 5 weeks. Garlic ameliorated the sips associated with Cu deficiency, although hepatic lipogenesis was not affected. Administration of garlic reduced the activity of the lipogenic enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase only in Cu-adequate rats. Consumption of garlic resulted in increased epididymal fat pad and pancreas sizes, and higher hematocrits, insulin and thyroxine concentrations. Mechanisms other than lipogenesis that could be responsble for this phenomenon are discussed. C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV, DIV ENDOCRINOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20057 USA. RP USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0731-5724 EI 1541-1087 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 334 EP 339 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HX575 UT WOS:A1992HX57500014 PM 1619186 ER PT J AU FOX, TA HEIMENDINGER, J AF FOX, TA HEIMENDINGER, J TI TELEPHONE SURVEYS AS A METHOD FOR OBTAINING DIETARY INFORMATION - A REVIEW SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VALIDITY; QUESTIONNAIRE; STRATEGIES; RECALLS; DESIGN; MAIL AB The use of telephone surveys has increased significantly in the past decade. One advantage of telephone surveys is the ability to reach a large number of individuals: 97% of the US population owns telephones. Another advantage is cost savings: telephone surveys cost as little as one quarter to one half the amount of face-to-face surveys. Computer-assisted telephone interviewing has improved data collection, coding, and analysis. Random-digit dialing and a number of statistical advances such as weighting and stratification have significantly enhanced sample selection and research design of telephone surveys. The increasing need to collect dietary information from populations in an affordable fashion has expanded the use of telephone dietary surveys. To date, telephone dietary surveys have been used for follow-up after initial face-to-face contact has been made. The most common dietary instruments used are the 24-hour recall and the food frequency questionnaire. This review indicates that well-designed and well-administered telephone surveys are as good as, and may be better than, other methods for obtaining dietary information. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,PUBL HLTH NUTR,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP FOX, TA (reprint author), USDA,FOOD & NUTR SERV,DIV CHILD NUTR,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22302, USA. RI Block, Gladys/E-3304-2010 NR 33 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 92 IS 6 BP 729 EP 732 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA HY825 UT WOS:A1992HY82500022 PM 1607571 ER PT J AU NASCI, RS TANG, KH BECNEL, JJ FUKUDA, T AF NASCI, RS TANG, KH BECNEL, JJ FUKUDA, T TI EFFECT OF PER OS EDHAZARDIA-AEDIS (MICROSPORIDA, AMBLYOSPORIDAE) INFECTION ON AEDES-AEGYPTI MORTALITY AND BODY SIZE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SP-NOV; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITOS; PATHOGENS; THAILAND; DIPTERA AB Infection with Edhazardia aedis uninucleate spores had less effect on Aedes aegypti larval mortality and adult body size than did larval diet. Larval mortality averaged 60-81% in starved larvae and 2-16% in well-fed larvae. No significant amounts of larval mortality could consistently be attributed to exposure to the parasite at dosages of 1.5 x 10(3) or 1.5 x 10(5) spores/ml. Infection rates in adults surviving exposure to the parasites as larvae ranged from 30 to 59%. Infected adults had significantly smaller body sizes than uninfected adults or controls. Storage of spores in water reduced infectivity gradually over the course of 36 h. By 48 h, the spores were not able to infect mosquito larvae. Spore infectivity was eliminated by drying. C1 MCNEESE STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL & ENVIRONM SCI,LAKE CHARLES,LA 70609. USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 8 IS 2 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JB810 UT WOS:A1992JB81000003 PM 1431854 ER PT J AU HASENHUETTL, GL WAN, PJ AF HASENHUETTL, GL WAN, PJ TI TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON THE DETERMINATION OF OXIDATIVE STABILITY WITH THE METROHM RANCIMAT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE OIL STABILITY; OIL STABILITY INDEX; RANCIMAT; TEMPERATURE; VEGETABLE OILS ID OILS AB Reproducibility of Oil Stability Index (OSI) values determined on the Metrohm Rancimat was measured with a single run and between experimental runs. Within a single experiment, a range of 0.13 h and a standard deviation of 0.066 h were determined. For multiple experiments, standard deviations of 0.24 and 0.26 were obtained for soybean and low-erucic rapeseed oil, respectively. The effect of temperature was determined for safflower, soybean, low-erucic rapeseed, corn, peanut and olive oils. A linear relationship was established between log (OSI) and temperature. The linear equation obtained for soybean oil was utilized to calculate variability of the OSI due to temperature differences in the heating block. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP HASENHUETTL, GL (reprint author), KRAFT GEN FOODS,KRAFT TECHNOL CTR,801 WAUKEGAN RD,GLENVIEW,IL 60035, USA. NR 10 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 69 IS 6 BP 525 EP 527 DI 10.1007/BF02636102 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HZ084 UT WOS:A1992HZ08400004 ER PT J AU KUO, TM AF KUO, TM TI ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF GALACTINOL FROM CASTOR OILSEED MEAL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CASTOR OILSEED; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DEFATTED MEAL; GALACTINOL; INVERTASE ID CUCUMIS-SATIVUS; SOYBEAN SEEDS; METABOLISM; ENZYMES; SUCROSE AB Galactinol, 1-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-myo-inositol, is an essential intermediate in the biosynthesis of raffinose saccharides in plant tissues. The unavailability of a commercial source for this metabolite has hindered research on raffinose saccharide metabolism to date. The objective of this study was to develop a facile method for obtaining highly purified galactinol from a readily available source. Defatted castor oilseed meal was found to exhibit a simple soluble carbohydrate profile that included galactinol. Purification of galactinol from castor meal was achieved by enzymatic treatment and a series of liquid chromatography steps, including ion-exchange and carbon adsorption. The isolation procedure was reliable with a yield of 278 mg of galactinol from 150 g of defatted meal. The purity of galactinol was estimated at 96.4% by high-performance liquid chromatography. The identity of the purified galactinol was confirmed by enzymatic analysis, identical relative retention times on high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography, and comparison of its mass spectrum to that of authentic galactinol. RP KUO, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,SEED BIOSYNTH RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 69 IS 6 BP 569 EP 574 DI 10.1007/BF02636110 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HZ084 UT WOS:A1992HZ08400012 ER PT J AU KORITALA, S BAGBY, MO AF KORITALA, S BAGBY, MO TI MICROBIAL CONVERSION OF LINOLEIC AND LINOLENIC ACIDS TO UNSATURATED HYDROXY FATTY-ACIDS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE LINOLEIC ACID; LINOLENIC ACID; MICROBIAL CONVERSION; UNSATURATED HYDROXY FATTY ACIDS AB The conversion of oleic acid to 10-hydroxystearic acid with resting cells of Nocardia cholesterolicum (NRRL 5767) has been previously reported. These same microorganisms also convert linoleic and linolenic acids to 10-hydroxy-12c-octadecenoic and 10-hydroxy-12c,15c-octadecadienoic acids, respectively. The reaction occurs best at 35-degrees-C and a pH of 6.5. Under optimum conditions, 75-80% of the unsaturated fatty acid substrate is converted to the corresponding hydroxy acid. The hydroxy products were characterized by gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Other microorganisms that successfully converted these substrates include another strain of Nocardia cholesterolicum (NRRL 5768) and Nocardia sp. (NRRL 5636). RP KORITALA, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 2 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 69 IS 6 BP 575 EP 578 DI 10.1007/BF02636111 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HZ084 UT WOS:A1992HZ08400013 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, F KURANTZ, MJ CRAIG, JC AF TAYLOR, F KURANTZ, MJ CRAIG, JC TI KINETICS OF CONTINUOUS HYDROLYSIS OF TALLOW IN A MULTILAYERED FLAT-PLATE IMMOBILIZED-LIPASE REACTOR SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE DIACYLGLYCEROL; ENZYMATIC FAT SPLITTING; MONOACYLGLYCEROL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL ID MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR; FAT; OIL AB To investigate the feasibility of industrial hydrolysis of tallow in an immobilized-lipase bioreactor, a pilot plant was operated continuously at one gram/min for more than one year. A new thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method was employed for analysis of the composition of the product. Data were reduced by averaging, categorizing, and averaging again. The reduced data were used to calculate rates of the three individual reactions: hydrolysis of triacylglycerol (TG) to diacylglycerol (DG) and free fatty acid (FFA), hydrolysis of DG to monoacylglycerol (MG) and FFA, and hydrolysis of MG to glycerol and FFA. It was concluded that separation of mono- and diacylglycerol from FFA and triacylglycerol would be required to achieve a high concentration of FFA in the product. RP TAYLOR, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 69 IS 6 BP 591 EP 594 DI 10.1007/BF02636114 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA HZ084 UT WOS:A1992HZ08400016 ER PT J AU KOHNEN, PD DOUGHERTY, WG HAMPTON, RO AF KOHNEN, PD DOUGHERTY, WG HAMPTON, RO TI DETECTION OF PEA SEED-BORNE MOSAIC POTYVIRUS BY SEQUENCE SPECIFIC ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE PSBMV; PCR; SEED-TRANSMISSION; VIRUS DETECTION ID VIRUS; ACID AB The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect pea seedborne mosaic potyvirus (PSbMV) pathotype P1 RNA after reverse transcription of total nucleic acid preparations from pea (Pisum sativum) tissues. Tissues assayed for PSbMV included leaves, roots, petals, seed parts, and pollen. Three oligonucleotide primers in appropriate combination yielded two products of the predicted size: 730 and 1200 bp. The described methodology allows for rapid pathotype-specific PSbMV detection with utmost sensitivity and wide applicability. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 6 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JUN PY 1992 VL 37 IS 3 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(92)90027-B PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA HZ715 UT WOS:A1992HZ71500002 PM 1634598 ER PT J AU PETROPOULOS, CJ PAYNE, W SALTER, DW HUGHES, SH AF PETROPOULOS, CJ PAYNE, W SALTER, DW HUGHES, SH TI USING AVIAN RETROVIRAL VECTORS FOR GENE-TRANSFER SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHICKEN ACTIN GENES; ROUS-SARCOMA VIRUS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; TRANSGENIC MICE; CARDIAC ACTIN; GERM-LINE; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASE; REGULATED EXPRESSION; TISSUE TROPISM; PROMOTER AB The promoter regions of the chicken skeletal muscle alpha-actin (alpha(sk)-actin) and the cytoplasmic beta-actin genes were linked to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. Replication-competent retroviral vectors were used to introduce these two actin/CAT cassettes into the chicken genome. Chickens infected with retroviruses containing the alpha(sk)-actin promoter expressed high levels of CAT activity in striated muscle (skeletal muscle and heart); much lower levels of CAT activity were produced in the other nonmuscle tissues. In contrast, chickens infected with retroviruses containing the beta-actin promoter linked to the CAT gene expressed low levels of CAT activity in many different tissue types and with no discernible tissue specificity. Data are presented to demonstrate that the high levels of CAT activity that were detected in the skeletal muscle of chickens infected with the retrovirus containing the alpha(sk)-actin promoter/CAT cassette were not due to preferential infectivity, integration, or replication of the retrovirus vector in the striated muscles of these animals. C1 NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,ABL BASIC RES PROGRAM,POB B,FREDERICK,MD 21702. USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-74101] NR 57 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 66 IS 6 BP 3391 EP 3397 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA HU599 UT WOS:A1992HU59900016 PM 1637416 ER PT J AU BOYCE, WM MILLER, JA JESSUP, DA CLARK, RK AF BOYCE, WM MILLER, JA JESSUP, DA CLARK, RK TI USE OF IVERMECTIN IMPLANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PSOROPTIC SCABIES IN FREE-RANGING BIGHORN SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE MITES; PSOROPTES SP; IVERMECTIN; BIGHORN SHEEP; OVIS-CANADENSIS ID OVIS-CANADENSIS; BOVINE SERUM AB A free-ranging bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) infested with mites (Psoroptes sp.) was treated with injectable ivermectin and an ivermectin sustained-release implant. Two months later, serum ivermectin level was 5.1 ng/ml, and clinical lesions had regressed, although mites in various stages of decomposition were found on deep ear swabs. Four months after treatment, the level of ivermectin had decreased to 3.5 ng/ml, and the animal was clinically, parasitologically, and serologically negative for mite infestation. Similar results have been obtained following treatment of additional bighorn sheep, indicating that implants are useful in treating mite-infested free-ranging animals. C1 USDA,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,KERRVILLE,TX 78029. CALIF DEPT FISH & GAME,WILDLIFE INVEST LAB,RANCHO CORDOVA,CA 95670. RP BOYCE, WM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 23 IS 2 BP 211 EP 213 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JF842 UT WOS:A1992JF84200008 ER PT J AU LELAND, MM HUBBARD, GB DUBEY, JP AF LELAND, MM HUBBARD, GB DUBEY, JP TI CLINICAL TOXOPLASMOSIS IN DOMESTIC RABBITS SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 SW FDN BIOMED RES,DEPT PHYSIOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78228. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LELAND, MM (reprint author), SW FDN BIOMED RES,DEPT MED,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78228, USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CORDOVA PA 70 TIMBERCREEK DR, SUITE 5, CORDOVA, TN 38018 SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 42 IS 3 BP 318 EP 319 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA JA579 UT WOS:A1992JA57900020 PM 1320169 ER PT J AU FRANKEL, EN SELKE, E NEFF, WE MIYASHITA, K AF FRANKEL, EN SELKE, E NEFF, WE MIYASHITA, K TI AUTOXIDATION OF POLYUNSATURATED TRIACYLGLYCEROLS .4. VOLATILE DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS FROM TRIACYLGLYCEROLS CONTAINING LINOLEATE AND LINOLENATE SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article AB Trilinoleoylglycerol (LLL), trilinolenoylglycerol (LnLnLn) and four synthetic triacylglycerols were autoxidized and the volatile products were investigated to determine the effect of fatty acid glyceride position on the mechanism of hydroperoxide decomposition. Capillary gas chromatography provided a sensitive method to follow the volatile oxidation products of mixtures of LLL and LnLnLn and of synthetic triacylglycerols containing linoleate and linoleate in different known positions. The relative amount of linoleate oxidation was determined by analyzing for hexanal, 2-heptenal and 2,4-decadienal, and the relative amount of linolenate oxidation by analyzing for 2,4-heptadienal and 2,4,7-decatrienal. The volatiles from pure monohyrroperoxides of LLL and LnLnLn were compared with those of the corresponding triacylglycerols by capillary gas chromatography. Significant differences in the distribution of volatile products were observed depending on the triacylglycerols precursor. A 1:1 mixture of LLL and LnLnLn autoxidized at 40-degrees-C showed an equal contribution of linolenate and linoleate volatiles at a peroxide value of 34. The synthetic triacylglycerols LLnL and LLLn (L, linoleic; Ln, linolenic acid) formed initially about the same total volatiles, whereas LnLnL formed more volatiles than LnLLn. The ratio Ln to L volatile products was the same for the diL triacylglycerols, and higher for LnLnL than for LnLLn. This new information should permit us to better understand the influence of triacylglycerol structure on the relative oxidative stability of unsaturated triacylglycerols. C1 USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RI Frankel, Edwin/G-1200-2011 NR 11 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD JUN PY 1992 VL 27 IS 6 BP 442 EP 446 DI 10.1007/BF02536386 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA JN692 UT WOS:A1992JN69200008 PM 27519670 ER PT J AU PUTLER, DS AF PUTLER, DS TI INCORPORATING REFERENCE PRICE EFFECTS INTO A THEORY OF CONSUMER CHOICE SO MARKETING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BUYER BEHAVIOR; CHOICE MODELS; PRICING ID BRAND CHOICE; MODEL; DEMAND AB Although there has been a good deal of research on incorporating the effects of reference price formation into empirical models of consumer buying behavior, little formal theoretical work had been undertaken to date. This paper incorporates reference price effects into the traditional economic theory of consumer choice, and examines the effects of reference price formation on the results of the traditional theory, its marketing implications, and the implications for empirical models which examine the effects of reference price formation on actual consumer behavior, Several implications of the theoretical model are empirically tested using weekly retail egg sales data from Southern California. This analysis indicates that reference price formation does have significant effects on consumer behavior. Furthermore, these effects are asymmetric with consumers two and a half times more responsive to egg price increases that are in excess of the reference price than they are to comparable egg price decreases. C1 PURDUE UNIV,MANAGEMENT,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP PUTLER, DS (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. RI hua, guowei/E-6122-2011 NR 38 TC 113 Z9 116 U1 2 U2 19 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 SN 0732-2399 J9 MARKET SCI JI Mark. Sci. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 287 EP 309 DI 10.1287/mksc.11.3.287 PG 23 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA JH976 UT WOS:A1992JH97600006 ER PT J AU CLAPHAM, WM CROSBY, CJ AF CLAPHAM, WM CROSBY, CJ TI UTILITY OF OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING IN COMPLEX SYSTEM MODELING SO MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING LA English DT Article AB Complex system are difficult to model due to the specification of many variables and their interactions. They are prevalent in medicine and in other areas of natural science such as ecology, agronomic systems and zoology. The fundamental issue in simulating complex systems is understanding and modeling interactions explicitly. Difficulty in modeling ecosystem behavior results from ecosystem complexity and the architecture imposed by the programming language. Simulation models coded in procedural languages are often difficult to represent due to inherent deficiencies in these languages, such as linear flow of control and separation of data and procedures. Object-oriented programming (OOP) provides an alternative approach for complex system modeling. Data and methods (operations) are encapsulated in objects and may be accessed only by receiving messages sent from other objects. The interaction among simple objects results in complex system behavior. A nitrogen dynamics simulation modeling system was implemented using Smalltalk-8O, an OOP language. Objects defined include: Compound, Microbe, Soil, Organic Matter, Crop, and their subclasses. By isolating and unifying the data and behavior of individual components of an ecosystem in the form of independent objects, complex system models are additive, and simulations are configured at run-time. This paper compares the procedural and object-oriented paradigms for addressing the problem of simulating complex system behavior. RP CLAPHAM, WM (reprint author), UNIV MAINE,USDA ARS,NEW ENGLAND PLANT SOIL & WATER LAB,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-7177 J9 MATH COMPUT MODEL JI Math. Comput. Model. PD JUN-JUL PY 1992 VL 16 IS 6-7 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1016/0895-7177(92)90151-A PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA JA602 UT WOS:A1992JA60200005 ER PT J AU FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, M AF FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, M TI THE INFLUENCE OF DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE AND DEFEROXAMINE ON DEVELOPING COPPER DEFICIENCY OF RATS SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID COPPER DEFICIENCY; FEMALE RATS; FRUCTOSE; ACCUMULATION; ATROPHY; IRON C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. GEORGETOWN UNIV,DIV ENDOCRINOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20057. RP FIELDS, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BLDG 307,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 41 IS 6 BP 659 EP 665 DI 10.1016/0026-0495(92)90060-N PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA HX361 UT WOS:A1992HX36100014 PM 1386402 ER PT J AU KEYSER, JD AF KEYSER, JD TI WESTERN MONTANA ROCK ART - IMAGES OF FORGOTTEN DREAMS SO MONTANA-THE MAGAZINE OF WESTERN HISTORY LA English DT Article RP KEYSER, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,REG ARCHAEOL PACIFIC NW REG,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MONTANA HISTORICAL SOC PI HELENA PA 225 N ROBERTS ST, HELENA, MT 59601 SN 0026-9891 J9 MONTANA JI Mont.-Mag. West. Hist. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 42 IS 3 BP 58 EP 69 PG 12 WC History SC History GA JM290 UT WOS:A1992JM29000004 ER PT J AU ALLEN, MF CRISAFULLI, C FRIESE, CF JEAKINS, SL AF ALLEN, MF CRISAFULLI, C FRIESE, CF JEAKINS, SL TI RE-FORMATION OF MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSES ON MOUNT ST HELENS, 1980-1990 - INTERACTIONS OF RODENTS AND MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUCCESSION; SURVIVAL; PLANTS; SOIL AB The three major types of disturbed habitats resulting from the eruption of Mount St Helens were a sterile pyroclastic flow site, a blast zone with all of the vegetation destroyed and tephra deposited on the surface, and a high ashfall region with deposited tephra over surviving plants. We present data assessing the fate of the invading mycorrhizal fungi and their associated plants by characterizing vesicular-arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi from soil and root samples from sites within the three disturbance zones over the decade following the 1980 eruption. We also assess the importance of gopher-dispersed old soil containing VA mycorrhizal inoculum. Both ecto- and VA mycorrhizas re-established in disturbed areas primarily through inoculation from the buried old soils, a process probably facilitated by gophers. Mycorrhizas always formed at a quicker rate in the less disturbed areas of the eruption site. Detailed observations on the sterilized pumice plain indicated that, through 1990, the ectomycorrhizas were poorly developed and no fruiting structures were seen. Three possible hypotheses are proposed for the slow development of ectomycorrhizas despite their being wind-dispersed on to the site, and may be related to either slow soil development and/or compatibility restrictions. These results indicate that the magnitude of the disturbance regulates the rate of recovery not only of the vegetation, but also of both the VA and ectomycorrhizal fungi. C1 US FOREST SERV,AMBOY,WA 98601. RP ALLEN, MF (reprint author), SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,SYST ECOL RES GRP,DEPT BIOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182, USA. NR 19 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 25 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 96 BP 447 EP 453 PN 6 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA JA899 UT WOS:A1992JA89900008 ER PT J AU ELSAYED, GN IGNOFFO, CM LEATHERS, TD GUPTA, SC AF ELSAYED, GN IGNOFFO, CM LEATHERS, TD GUPTA, SC TI A SEMIDEFINED MEDIUM FOR CULTURING NOMURAEA-RILEYI SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Note DE CULTURE TECHNIQUE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES; NOMURAEA-RILYI; SEMIDEFINED CULTURE MEDIUM ID FUNGUS BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; CUTICLE-DEGRADING ENZYMES; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; EXTRACELLULAR PROTEASE; CHITINOLYTIC ACTIVITY; VIRULENCE AB A semi-defined medium was successfully used to culture several natural and mutant isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi. The medium contains only two complex ingredients at very low levels, vet permits germination and mycelial growth of N. rileyi. The medium also facilitates recovery and detection of hydrolytic enzymes. Use of the formulation could simplify nutritional, biochemical and physiological Studies with N. rileyi and also might be used to culture other entomopathogenic fungi. C1 USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP ELSAYED, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,POB 7629,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD JUN PY 1992 VL 118 IS 3 BP 163 EP 165 DI 10.1007/BF00437149 PG 3 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA JG631 UT WOS:A1992JG63100006 ER PT J AU SMART, MG HOWARD, KM BOTHAST, RJ AF SMART, MG HOWARD, KM BOTHAST, RJ TI EFFECT OF CARBON-DIOXIDE ON SPORULATION OF ALTERNARIA-CRASSA AND ALTERNARIA-CASSIAE SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; MYCOHERBICIDE; FUNGI; WEEDS ID TAGETICA; CICHORII; LIGHT AB Biological herbicides will assume greater importance for weed control as the number of chemicals registered for use decreases. Two promising fungi pathogenic on Datura stramonium and Cassia obtusifolia are, respectively, Alternaria crassa and Alternaria cassiae. In order to develop technologies for the efficient production of spore inocula in submerged liquid culture, we studied the effect of volatile factors which influenced sporulation on solid media. Sporulation was quantified on Richard's V8 agar under individual and joint variation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and relative humidity (RH). Sporulation of both fungi was suppressed when the two factors increased but not when CO2 was absorbed and RH remained high. Incubation of cultures in a CO2 controlled cabinet with RH constant indicated that CO2 was the suppressant. RP SMART, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD JUN PY 1992 VL 118 IS 3 BP 167 EP 171 DI 10.1007/BF00437150 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA JG631 UT WOS:A1992JG63100007 ER PT J AU VESONDER, RF LABEDA, DP PETERSON, RE AF VESONDER, RF LABEDA, DP PETERSON, RE TI PHYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF SELECTED WATER-SOLUBLE METABOLITES OF FUSARIUM AGAINST LEMNA-MINOR-L (DUCKWEED) SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE FUMONISIN; FUSARIUM; LEMNA-MINOR L; METABOLITES ID MONILIFORME AB Phytotoxicity and inhibitory effects of the fusarial toxins fumonisin B1 (FB1) [m.p. 103-105-degrees-C], fusaric acid [m.p. 106-107-degrees-C], butenolide (4-acetamido-4-hydroxy-2-butenoic acid lactone) [116-117-degrees-C], 9,10-dihydroxyfusaric acid [m.p. 150-155-degrees-C], and moniliformin on chlorophyll synthesis in the aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor (duckweed) were examined. FB1 proved to be most active, reducing the growth of L. minor fronds and their ability to synthesize chlorophyll by 53% and 59%. respectively, at 0.7-mu-g/ml. The growth rate of L. minor was reduced 59% by 6.7-mu-g/ml fusaric acid, 62% by 66.7-mu-g/ml butenolide, and 22% by 66.7-mu-g/ml 9.10-dihydroxyfusaric acid. Moniliformin was the least phytotoxic to L. minor, with only a 16% suppression of growth rate and a 54% reduction in chlorophyll at 66.7-mu-g/ml. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOACT CONSTITUENTS RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP VESONDER, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 19 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD JUN PY 1992 VL 118 IS 3 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1007/BF00437153 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA JG631 UT WOS:A1992JG63100010 ER PT J AU SIVINSKI, J AF SIVINSKI, J TI WHEN IS A STICK NOT A STICK SO NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article RP SIVINSKI, J (reprint author), USDA,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIS BIOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MUSEUM NAT HISTORY PI NEW YORK PA ATTN: LIBRARY SERIALS UNIT CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024-5192 SN 0028-0712 J9 NAT HIST JI Nat. Hist. PD JUN PY 1992 IS 6 BP 30 EP 35 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HV270 UT WOS:A1992HV27000005 ER PT J AU MINTON, NA AF MINTON, NA TI NEMATODE MANAGEMENT IN MINIMUM-TILL SOYBEAN WITH RESISTANT CULTIVARS, RYE ROTATION, AND ALDICARB SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE CONTROL; GLYCINE-MAX; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; NEMATODE MANAGEMENT; PARATRICHODORUS-MINOR; PRATYLENCHUS-BRACHYURUS; SECALE-CEREALE AB Growth and yield of three soybean (Glycine max) cultivars planted minimum-till were studied for 3 years in relation to winter rye (Secale cereale) rotation, aldicarb treatment of soil, and population densities of Meloidogyne incognita, Pratylenchus brachyurus, and Paratrichodorus minor. Population densities of M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) were greater than 10 J2/cm3 soil. Population densities of P. brachyurus and P. minor were less than 1 nematode/cm3 soil. Rye did not affect the M. incognita J2 density measured in the soil in the spring, but root-gall indices of soybean following rye were lower than those following fallow. Root-gall indices of `Coker 6738' were lower than for `Coker 488' and `Johnston'. Soybean yields of Coker 6738 were 133% and 174% greater than for Coker 488 and Johnston, respectively, in fallow, untreated plots. However, all cultivars maintained relatively high population densities of M. incognita J2 in the soil, indicating that high yields of Coker 6738 were due to tolerance as well as resistance to M. incognita. Aldicarb reduced nematode damage and increased yields of all cultivars. Winter rye increased the overall mean soybean yield by 17%. The maximum yield was obtained with aldicarb-treated Coker 6738 planted after winter rye. RP MINTON, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD JUN PY 1992 VL 22 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JC707 UT WOS:A1992JC70700004 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, AF AF ROBINSON, AF TI CHANGES IN THE ATTRACTION OF DITYLENCHUS-PHYLLOBIUS TO TISSUES OF SOLANUM-ELAEAGNIFOLIUM DURING PLANT DEVELOPMENT SO NEMATROPICA LA Spanish DT Article DE ATTRACTANT; BEHAVIOR; DITYLENCHUS-PHYLLOBIUS; NEMATODE; SOLANUM-ELAEAGNIFOLIUM AB A nematode accumulation assay was used to monitor changes in the concentrations of attractants for Ditylenchus phyllobius within organs of Solanum elaeagnifolium during plant development. Most of the biomass of the plant was highly attractive throughout the season. Only flowers, fruit, and foliar apices were relatively unattractive. Attractant activity increased during plant development, and the greatest level of activity in stem tissues occurred in the bark. Weak activity in green berries was lost during ripening. RP ROBINSON, AF (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 805,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD JUN PY 1992 VL 22 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JC707 UT WOS:A1992JC70700006 ER PT J AU GRIFFIN, GD AF GRIFFIN, GD TI COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF 2 POPULATIONS OF MELOIDOGYNE-CHITWOODI ON TRITICUM-AESTIVUM AND HORDEUM-VULGARE SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE BARLEY; COLUMBIA ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; HORDEUM-VULGARE; MELOIDOGYNE-CHITWOODI; POPULATION DYNAMICS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; WHEAT AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) were evaluated under greenhouse conditions for responses to two populations of Meloidogyne chitwoodi from Utah and Idaho, U.S.A. Five cultivars of winter wheat, four cultivars of spring wheat, two cultivars of winter barley, and two cultivars of spring barley were included. Both nematode populations induced root galls and reproduced on all cultivars of wheat and barley. Nematode invasion reduced tillering and shoot and root growth. Head development was reduced or prevented on spring wheats and spring barleys. Nematode reproduction was greater on wheat than on barley and the greatest differences in reproduction were among cultivars of winter wheat. Significant differences between reproduction of, and plant damage caused by the two populations occurred only on winter wheat. The Utah population reproduced more and caused greater reduction in tillering than did the Idaho population. RP GRIFFIN, GD (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD JUN PY 1992 VL 22 IS 1 BP 65 EP 74 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JC707 UT WOS:A1992JC70700009 ER PT J AU LAUVER, TL MCCUNE, DC SHAFF, JE KOCHIAN, LV AF LAUVER, TL MCCUNE, DC SHAFF, JE KOCHIAN, LV TI THE USE OF ION-SELECTIVE MICROELECTRODES FOR MEASURING CALCIUM AND HYDROGEN-ION TRANSFER BETWEEN FOLIAR SURFACES AND SIMULATED RAIN SOLUTIONS SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE ION MIGRATION; ACID RAIN; MICROELECTRODES; PACHYSANDRA-TERMINALIS (PACHYSANDRA); SPINACEA-OLERACEA (SPINACH) ID NEUTRALIZE ACIDIC RAINDROPS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; LEAF SURFACES; COMPARATIVE ABILITIES; LEAVES; PH; RESPONSES; PLANTS; DROPS; MISTS AB A method is presented for the rapid and quantitative assessment of the transfer of calcium (Ca2+) and hydrogen (H+) ions between the surface of a leaf and simulated acidic rain. A small volume (144-mu-l) of pH 3.5 simulated rain solution was confined within a rigid, Teflon capillary on the foliar surface. A liquid membrane-type, neutral carrier-based, ion-selective microelectrode either for Ca2+ or for H+ was placed within the capillary with the tip of the microelectrode at least 100-mu-m from the foliar surface. This allowed spatial and temporal aspects of ion gradients generated by ion diffusion from the foliar surface to be studied. Results indicate that, throughout a 60-minute period after contact of simulated rain with the adaxial foliar surface of spinach (Spinacea oleracea L. cv. Marathon) or Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis Siebold & Zucc)., negligible amounts of foliar-derived calcium diffused into the simulated rain solution, and there was virtually no neutralization of the pH 3.5 rain simulant present in the capillary. A discussion of these results with respect to previous methods of investigation and theoretical possibilities of ion diffusion and cuticular permeability is presented. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP LAUVER, TL (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,BOYCE THOMPSON INST PLANT RES,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 121 IS 2 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb01103.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JA408 UT WOS:A1992JA40800003 ER PT J AU NOBLE, R JENSEN, KF RUFF, BS LOATS, K AF NOBLE, R JENSEN, KF RUFF, BS LOATS, K TI RESPONSE OF ACER-SACCHARUM SEEDLINGS TO ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE AND OZONE SO OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION; GROWTH; CO2 AB Newly germinated seedlings of Acer saccharum were grown in atmospheres of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) or ozone (O3) for 85 days. Net photosynthesis measured on initial leaves and recently formed leaves tended (though not always statistically significant) to increase with an increase in CO2. Biomass measured at the end of the study also increased with and increase in CO2. Ozone at 0.15 ppm did not have a significant impact on either net photosynthesis or growth; however, with O3-treatment, biomass increased at elevated CO2 levels. C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,DELAWARE,OH 43015. DENISON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,GRANVILLE,OH 43023. RP NOBLE, R (reprint author), BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,BOWLING GREEN,OH 43403, USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU OHIO ACAD SCIENCE PI COLUMBUS PA 1500 W 3RD AVE SUITE 223, COLUMBUS, OH 43212-2817 SN 0030-0950 J9 OHIO J SCI JI Ohio J. Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 92 IS 3 BP 60 EP 62 PG 3 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA JD760 UT WOS:A1992JD76000003 ER PT J AU SCHANLER, RJ BURNS, PA ABRAMS, SA GARZA, C AF SCHANLER, RJ BURNS, PA ABRAMS, SA GARZA, C TI BONE MINERALIZATION OUTCOMES IN HUMAN MILK-FED PRETERM INFANTS SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; VITAMIN-D; COMMERCIAL FORMULA; CHILDREN 1; FOLLOW-UP; AGE; FORMER; GROWTH AB We evaluated bone mineralization by single photon absorptiometry at 2 y in a cohort of preterm infants studied since birth. Infants were fed human milk fortified with Ca [to achieve 80 mg/dL (19.96 mmol/L)] and P [40 mg/dL (12.91 mmol/L)] from wk 2 through 8 after birth. After hospital discharge, infants were divided into two groups (HM and F) determined by the timing of the introduction of cow milk-based formula. Mid-radius bone mineral content (BMC) was assessed in 10 infants who were breast-fed (HM) for a minimum of 2 mo after hospital discharge and 11 who were bottle-fed (F). The mean duration of human milk-feeding differed by design between HM and F groups (31 +/- 15 versus 11 +/- 3 wk, respectively). Although we had observed previously that group F had significantly greater BMC values at 16, 25, and 52 wk compared with values in group HM, we found similarities in BMC values (180 +/- 30 mg/cm) between groups at 2 y. The 2-y cohort comprised healthy infants and the groups had similar birth weights, lengths of gestation, and values for weight (10.8 +/- 1.1 kg), length (82 +/- 2 cm), and bone width (7.8 +/- 1.1 mm). Follow-up outcomes at 2 y in preterm infants fed fortified human milk in hospital suggest that if they continue to receive human milk after hospital discharge, radius BMC will "catch-up" to that of similar infants given formula in the posthospitalization period. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,NEONATAL SECT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CORNELL UNIV,DIV NUTR SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP SCHANLER, RJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 17 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 31 IS 6 BP 583 EP 586 DI 10.1203/00006450-199206000-00009 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HV266 UT WOS:A1992HV26600009 PM 1635820 ER PT J AU KLEINMAN, RE BAKER, SS BELL, EF HATCH, TF KLISH, WJ LEIBEL, RL UDALL, JN CHENEY, M CHOPRA, J FORD, C HUBBARD, VS LEVIN, E PRENDERGAST, A STEMARIE, M SMITH, A YIP, R LAUER, RM AF KLEINMAN, RE BAKER, SS BELL, EF HATCH, TF KLISH, WJ LEIBEL, RL UDALL, JN CHENEY, M CHOPRA, J FORD, C HUBBARD, VS LEVIN, E PRENDERGAST, A STEMARIE, M SMITH, A YIP, R LAUER, RM TI THE USE OF WHOLE COWS MILK IN INFANCY SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID IRON NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; DECLINING PREVALENCE; OLDER INFANTS; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD-LOSS; FORMULA; DEFICIENCY; ANEMIA; RATS; ABSORPTION C1 BUR NUTR SCI,OTTAWA,ONTARIO,CANADA. US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20014. USDA,ATHENS,GA 30601. NIDDKD,PHOENIX,AZ. NICHHD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. AMER ACAD PEDIAT,CARDIOL SECT,EVANSTON,IL 60204. RP KLEINMAN, RE (reprint author), AMER ACAD PEDIAT,COMM NUTR,EVANSTON,IL 60204, USA. NR 45 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 1992 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1105 EP 1109 PN 1 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HX376 UT WOS:A1992HX37600024 ER PT J AU BUSH, DR AF BUSH, DR TI THE PROTON-SUCROSE SYMPORT SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE SYMPORT; ASSIMILATE PARTITIONING; PHLOEM LOADING; MEMBRANE VESICLE ID DEVELOPING SOYBEAN COTYLEDONS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE VESICLES; RICINUS-COMMUNIS L; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSPORT-SYSTEMS; BINDING PROTEIN; MINOR VEINS; H+-ATPASE; LEAVES; PHLOEM AB The heterotrophic tissues of the plant are dependent upon carbon and nitrogen import for normal growth and development. In general, oxidized forms of these essential elements are reductively assimilated in the leaf and, subsequently, sucrose and amino acids are transported to the heterotrophic cells in a process known as assimilate partitioning. In many plant species, a critical component of the assimilate partitioning pathway is the proton-sucrose symport. This active transport system couples sucrose translocation across the plasma membrane to the proton motive force generated by the H+-pumping ATPase. To date, the proton-sucrose symport is the only known system that can account for sucrose accumulation in the vascular tissue of the plant. This review focuses on recent advances describing the transport properties and bioenergetics of the proton-sucrose symport. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP BUSH, DR (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,190 PABL,1201 W GREGORY DR,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 69 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1007/BF00034792 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JD308 UT WOS:A1992JD30800001 PM 24408357 ER PT J AU SAFTNER, RA AF SAFTNER, RA TI EFFECTS OF TURGOR POTENTIAL ON 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID UPTAKE INTO THE VACUOLAR COMPARTMENT AND ETHYLENE PRODUCTION IN TOMATO PERICARP SLICES SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; ETHYLENE; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; OSMOTIC POTENTIAL; TOMATO; TRANSPORT; TURGOR POTENTIAL; WATER POTENTIAL ID ALPHA-AMINOISOBUTYRIC-ACID; TISSUE WATER RELATIONS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; VICIA-FABA L; PISUM-SATIVUM; PROTON EXTRUSION; CELL TURGOR; SUCROSE; TRANSPORT; OSMOREGULATION AB While solute transport and ethylene production by plant tissue are sensitive to the osmotic concentration of the solution bathing the tissue, the influence of tissue water relations and specifically tissue turgor potential on thc kinetics of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) uptake into the vacuolar compartment and ethylene production have not been examined. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid transport and ethylene production were examined in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Liberty) pericarp slices incubated in solutions having a range of mannitol, polyethylene glycol 3350 and ethylene glycol concentrations known to affect tissue water relations. Tissue osmotic and turgor potentials were derived from osmolality measurements of cell saps recovered by freeze-thawing and corrected for the contribution of the free-space solution. When relatively nonpermeable (mannitol or polyethylene glycol 3350) osmotica were used, both ACC uptake and ethylene production were greatest at a solution osmolality of 230 milliosmolal where tissue turgor potential ranged between 120 and 140 kPa. At higher and lower turgor potentials, the high-affinity saturating component of ACC uptake and ethylene production were inhibited, and ACC efflux from the vacuolar compartment was increased. The inhibition of ACC uptake was evident as a decrease in V(max) with no effect on K(m). Turgor potential changes caused by adjusting solution osmolality with mannitol or polyethylene glycol 3350 were accompanied by changes in the osmotic potential and water potential of the tissue. The effects of turgor potential vs the osmotic and water potentials of tomato pericarp slices were differentiated by comparing responses to nonpermeable osmotica and mixtures of nonpermeable and permeable osmotica. Ethylene glycol-mannitol mixtures had effects on the osmotic potential and water potential of the tissue similar to those of nonpermeable osmotica but had less effect on tissue turgor, ACC transport and ethylene production. Incubating tissue in solutions without nonpermeable osmotica osmotically shocked the tissue. Increasing solution osmolality with ethylene glycol in the absence of nonpermeable osmotica increased tissue turgor and ethylene production. The present study indicates that tissue turgor is an important factor affecting the kinetics of ACC uptake into the vacuolar compartment and ethylene production in tomato pericarp slices. RP SAFTNER, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2 BP 157 EP 166 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JD750 UT WOS:A1992JD75000006 ER PT J AU VANCE, CP GANTT, JS AF VANCE, CP GANTT, JS TI CONTROL OF NITROGEN AND CARBON METABOLISM IN ROOT-NODULES SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ALDOLASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; N-2 FIXATION; OXYGEN, PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; PLANT GENE EXPRESSION ID ALFALFA MEDICAGO-SATIVA; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE; SOYBEAN NODULES; DIOXIDE FIXATION; CO2 FIXATION; C-4 PLANT; MAIZE; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB Because legume root nodules have high rates of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, they are ideal for the study of plant physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology. Many plant enzymes involved in carbon and nitrogen assimilation have enhanced activity and enzyme protein in nodules as compared to other plant organs. For all intents and purposes the interior of the root nodule is O2 limited. Both plant and bacterial components of effective root nodules have unique adaptive features for maximizing carbon and nitrogen metabolism in an O2-limited environment. Plant glycolysis appears to be shunted to malic acid synthesis with further reductive synthesis to fumarate and succinate. Nodule bacteroids utilize these organic acids for the energy to fuel nitrogenase activity. Activities of the plant enzymes phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31), malate dehydrogenase (MDH, EC 1.1.1.37) and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT, EC 2.6.1.1), which are very high in nodules, may mediate the flux of carbon between organic and amino acid pools. Dark CO2 fixation via nodule PEPC can provide up to 25% of the carbon needed for malate and aspartate synthesis. At least three of the plant proteins showing enhanced expression in root nodules are O2 regulated. Isolation of alfalfa cDNAs encoding PEPC, AAT, NADH-glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT, EC 1.4.1.14) and aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13) will offer new tools to assess molecular events controlling nodule carbon and nitrogen metabolism. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP VANCE, CP (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 60 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 85 IS 2 BP 266 EP 274 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JD750 UT WOS:A1992JD75000019 ER PT J AU SIMCOX, KD NICKRENT, D PEDERSEN, WL AF SIMCOX, KD NICKRENT, D PEDERSEN, WL TI COMPARISON OF ISOZYME POLYMORPHISM IN RACES OF COCHLIOBOLUS-CARBONUM SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; VIRULENCE VARIATION; POPULATIONS; CORN; MARKERS; RECONDITA; GENETICS; BUFFERS AB Differences in isozyme polymorphisms between races of Cochliobolus carbonum were compared using starch gel electrophoresis techniques. Of 36 enzymes analyzed, isozyme polymorphisms were detected for aspartate aminotransferase, esterase, glucose-phosphate isomerase, leucine aminopeptidase, and mannitol dehydrogenase. Specific combinations of polymorphisms were found to be diagnostic of race pathotype for the isolates used in this study. Race 3 isolates of C carbonum could be distinguished by the presence or absence of esterase and leucine aminopeptidase polymorphisms, which were not found in race 2 isolates. The extent of isozyme polymorphisms found in C. carbonum provides a useful tool to study the genetics and the evolution of a phytopathogenic fungi. C1 SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP SIMCOX, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 1992 VL 82 IS 6 BP 621 EP 624 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-621 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HX886 UT WOS:A1992HX88600002 ER PT J AU GOTTWALD, TR GRAHAM, JH RICHIE, SM AF GOTTWALD, TR GRAHAM, JH RICHIE, SM TI RELATIONSHIP OF LEAF SURFACE-POPULATIONS OF STRAINS OF XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS PV CITRUMELO TO DEVELOPMENT OF CITRUS BACTERIAL SPOT AND PERSISTENCE OF DISEASE SYMPTOMS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; FLORIDA; NURSERIES; CANKER; ARGENTINA; SITUATIONS; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL; SOIL AB Fluctuations of leaf surface populations of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citrumelo, incidence of citrus bacterial spot, and cumulative rainfall adjusted for evapotranspiration were found to be interrelated based on analysis with the Fourier transformation. In cross-correlation analyses, recoverable leaf surface bacteria were correlated best with disease incidence that occurred 25 days later (range for r = 0.86-0.87; 19-32 days). Cumulative rainfall was correlated best with disease incidence that occurred 25 days later (range r = 0.55-0.56; 27-42 days). However, no clear relationship existed between cumulative rainfall and leaf surface bacteria. In a second experiment, rows of Swingle citrumelo seedlings in eight citrus nurseries were inoculated at one end with aggressive, moderately aggressive, or weakly aggressive strains of X. c. citrumelo. Rainstorms with windblown rain were simulated by spraying water at high velocity (24-32 m/s) over the inoculated plants toward the receptor plants down the rows. Leaf surface populations of X. c. citrumelo on receptor plants were recovered immediately after the simulated rainstorms. The initial populations were correlated (r = 0.679-0.960) with disease incidence assessments on these plants 21 days after the simulated rainstorm. The slope of the bacterial deposition gradient was positively related to eventual disease development and negatively to strain aggressiveness (the steeper the gradient, the less the aggressiveness). In some of the nurseries, disease incidence decreased over time at approximately the same rate irrespective of bacterial strain aggressiveness. This decrease was due to the continued growth of plants, which added new healthy susceptible tissue; to the lack of disease development or spread; and to the disease-induced defoliation. In a third experiment, persistence of disease symptoms caused by each aggressiveness type was examined over time on Swingle citrumelo and Duncan grapefruit under simulated citrus grove conditions. Disease decrease was nearly linear. Rates (r) of disease decrease, from linearized-transformed data, were -0.0054, -0.0061, and -0.0067 for Swingle and -0.0067, -0.0055, -0.0018 for grapefruit, for aggressive, moderately aggressive, and weakly aggressive strains, respectively. Based on lack of persistence of disease symptoms (i.e., polycyclic disease development) in citrus groves, even on a susceptible host, and on the resistance of commercial scion cultivars, citrus bacterial spot in Florida should be considered a minor disease of citrus. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. UNIV CENT FLORIDA,DEPT ELECT ENGN,ORLANDO,FL 32816. RP GOTTWALD, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 1992 VL 82 IS 6 BP 625 EP 632 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-625 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HX886 UT WOS:A1992HX88600003 ER PT J AU CHEN, XM LINE, RF AF CHEN, XM LINE, RF TI INHERITANCE OF STRIPE RUST RESISTANCE IN WHEAT CULTIVARS USED TO DIFFERENTIATE RACES OF PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS IN NORTH-AMERICA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SPECIFIC RESISTANCE; VIRULENCE; YELLOW RUST AB Inheritance of stripe rust resistance in 13 wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars used to differentiate races of Puccinia striiformis in North America was determined using nine North American races of the pathogen. The differential cultivars, which were resistant to specific races, were crossed with cultivars susceptible to the specific races. We found that Lemhi, Chinese 166, Riebesel 47/51, and Tyee each have a single resistance gene; Heines VII, Moro, Druchamp, Produra, Stephens, Lee, and Fielder each have two resistance genes; and Paha and Yamhill each have three resistance genes. Of the 24 resistance genes, each differential cultivar has at least one gene that is different from the genes in the other differential cultivars. Some of the cultivars may also have common genes. The genes in Lemhi, Chinese 166, Heines VII, Moro, and Riebesel 47/51, and one of the genes in Paha and in Lee were dominant. The two genes in Produra, one of the genes in Lee, and at least one of the genes in Paha were recessive. The single gene in Tyee and both genes in Druchamp, Fielder, and Stephens were dominant or recessive depending on the race, parent in the cross (genetic background), interaction of race and parent, and duration of infection. Various epistatic interactions were observed. This information should be useful in evaluating germ plasm for resistance, monitoring races of the pathogen, determining the relationships of races to one another, and developing new cultivars with more effective stripe rust resistance. C1 USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP CHEN, XM (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 25 TC 79 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 1992 VL 82 IS 6 BP 633 EP 637 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-633 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HX886 UT WOS:A1992HX88600004 ER PT J AU LOCKHART, BEL AUTREY, LJC COMSTOCK, JC AF LOCKHART, BEL AUTREY, LJC COMSTOCK, JC TI PARTIAL-PURIFICATION AND SEROLOGY OF SUGARCANE MILD MOSAIC-VIRUS, A MEALYBUG-TRANSMITTED CLOSTEROLIKE VIRUS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT-VIRUSES; PINEAPPLE AB A previously undescribed closterolike virus with particles measuring 1,500-1,600 nm X 12 nm was found in 11 cultivars of sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) from Florida, Mauritius, and Malawi. The virus, which was named sugarcane mild mosaic virus (SCMMV), occurred in all cases in mixed infections with sugarcane bacilliform virus (SCBV). SCMMV was transmitted by mechanical inoculation to sugarcane, rice, Sorghum halepense, and S. bicolor with partially purified, concentrated extracts but not with crude sap. SCMMV was not transmitted by Melanaphis sacchari but was transmitted to both sugarcane and rice by the pink sugarcane mealybug, Saccharicoccus sacchari. SCMMV infection caused very mild mosaic or no foliar symptoms in sugarcane, no apparent symptoms in rice, and occasional chlorotic flecking in S. halepense. SCMMV could be detected by enzyme immunosorbent assay and immunosorbent electron microscopy and was unrelated serologically to six other clostero or closterolike viruses, including grapevine virus A, which is mealybug-transmitted, and to pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus. C1 USDA,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438. MAURITIUS SUGAR IND RES INST,DIV PLANT PATHOL,REDUIT,MAURITIUS. RP LOCKHART, BEL (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 1992 VL 82 IS 6 BP 691 EP 695 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HX886 UT WOS:A1992HX88600014 ER PT J AU EILAM, T BUSHNELL, WR ANIKSTER, Y MCLAUGHLIN, DJ AF EILAM, T BUSHNELL, WR ANIKSTER, Y MCLAUGHLIN, DJ TI NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT OF BASIDIOSPORES OF SELECTED RUST FUNGI AS ESTIMATED FROM FLUORESCENCE OF PROPIDIUM IODIDE-STAINED NUCLEI SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE DIFFERENCES AB The relative nuclear DNA content of basidiospores of five species of Puccinia, two of Uromyces, and one of Melampsora was estimated from the fluorescence intensity of propidium iodide-stained nuclei. Relative to the nuclear fluorescence of P. graminis, taken as 1.0, other fungi had the following fluorescence values: M. lini (one collection), 2.5; P. coronata (two collections), 1.1; P. hordei (11 collections), 1.7; P. recondita (six collections), 2.0; P. sorghi (one collection), 0.8; U. appendiculatus (one collection) 6.9; U. reichertii (one collection), 1.6; and U. vignae (one collection), 4.3. Assuming that the basidiospore nuclei were all haploid and in the same stage of the nuclear cycle, the fluorescence values give an estimate of relative genome size among these fungi. Because of their smaller genome sizes, P. graminis, P. coronata, and P. sorghi may be more suited for mapping genetic loci than the other fungi measured. In some cases, DNA content within a species differed among collections from different uredinial hosts. Thus, within P. coronata, a collection from A vena sativa had less fluorescence than a collection from A. sterilis, within P. hordei, a collection from Hordeum bulbosum had more fluorescence than collections from three other species of Hordeum; and within P. recondita, a collection of Triticum durum had less fluorescence than collections from four species of Aegilops. This suggests that each rust fungus may have diverged in genome size during evolution on different host species, a possibility in need of further investigation. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP EILAM, T (reprint author), TEL AVIV UNIV,DEPT BOT,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 1992 VL 82 IS 6 BP 705 EP 712 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-705 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HX886 UT WOS:A1992HX88600017 ER PT J AU HAMMOND, J JORDAN, RL LARSEN, RC MOYER, JW AF HAMMOND, J JORDAN, RL LARSEN, RC MOYER, JW TI USE OF POLYCLONAL ANTISERA AND MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES TO EXAMINE SEROLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG 3 FILAMENTOUS VIRUSES OF SWEET-POTATO SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO ETCH VIRUS; AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION; CAPSID PROTEIN; POTYVIRUSES; PURIFICATION; EPITOPES; MOTTLE; RNA AB Sweetpotato is susceptible to infection by several filamentous viruses of which only the aphid-transmitted sweetpotato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) has been well-characterized. Sweetpotato mild mottle (SPMMV; transmitted by whiteflies) and sweetpotato latent (SPLV; for which no vector has been identified) viruses, although well-recognized, have not been definitively classified. The serological relationships among these viruses were re-examined with SPFMV-, SPLV- and SPMMV-specific Polyclonal antisera and potyvirus cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). No significant relationships were detected between SPMMV and SPFMV, SPLV, or any other aphid-transmitted potyvirus. None of the MAbs reacted to SPMMV. Several MAbs reacted with epitopes common to SPFMV and SPLV, whereas others reacted with epitopes on only one of these viruses. With the exception of one MAb specific for SPFMV, all MAbs used recognized epitopes present on other distinct potyviruses. An apparent distant relationship between SPFMV and SPLV was also revealed by probing Western blots with respective polyclonal antiserum. Thus, SPFMV and SPLV share some common epitopes but are easily differentiated when potyvirus cross-reactive MAbs are used. SPMMV appears to be serologically distinct from any of the aphid-transmitted potyviruses; it possesses none of the epitopes recognized by the MAbs used. These MAbs included PTY 1, which cross-reacts with almost every aphid-transmitted potyvirus (and SPLV) so far tested. We concluded that SPFMV, SPLV, and SPMMV are three separate but atypical potyviruses, and SPFMV and SPLV are more closely related to typical aphid-transmitted members of the potyvirus group. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP HAMMOND, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 1992 VL 82 IS 6 BP 713 EP 717 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-713 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HX886 UT WOS:A1992HX88600018 ER PT J AU SPAANS, EJA BAKER, JM AF SPAANS, EJA BAKER, JM TI CALIBRATION OF WATERMARK SOIL-MOISTURE SENSORS FOR SOIL MATRIC POTENTIAL AND TEMPERATURE SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE CALIBRATION; MOISTURE BLOCK; RESISTANCE BLOCK; SOIL MATRIC POTENTIAL; TEMPERATURE AB Rapid, accurate, and automated measurement of soil matric potential is desirable. Evidence suggested that the Watermark resistance block might be an appropriate and inexpensive tool, so we conducted an evaluation of its relevant characteristics. A number of these blocks were calibrated under laboratory conditions to determine their individual and aggregate responses to soil matric potential, soil type, and temperature. We found that the temperature response could be expressed as a single equation, valid for all tested blocks, but comparison against matric potential revealed that each block had a characteristic response. Furthermore, block responses were different in two soils and, for a given soil, not necessarily reproducible. Given these limitations, these sensors are probably useful only as relative indicators of soil water status. C1 USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP SPAANS, EJA (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 4 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUN PY 1992 VL 143 IS 2 BP 213 EP 217 DI 10.1007/BF00007875 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JE911 UT WOS:A1992JE91100007 ER PT J AU NORVELL, WA CARY, EE AF NORVELL, WA CARY, EE TI POTENTIAL ERRORS CAUSED BY ROOTS IN ANALYSES OF RHIZOSPHERE SOIL SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE EXCHANGEABLE CATIONS; MACRONUTRIENTS; MAIZE; MICRONUTRIENTS; RHIZOSPHERE; ROOT COMPOSITION; SOLUBLE IONS AB Roots contain high concentrations of many elements, and have the potential to interfere with measurements of chemical change in rhizosphere soil. To assess potential interferences, maize (Zea mays L.) roots (free of soil) and soil (free of roots) were extracted separately with several extractants commonly used to assess the status of soil nutrients. The maize roots were grown within filter envelopes which prevented direct contact with soil, but permitted passage of mineral nutrients and water from the adjacent soil. Water, ammonium acetate (pH 7), DTPA (pH 7.3), Morgan's solution (pH 4.8), and dilute HCl were used as extractants. Most elements were released readily into soluble forms from roots killed by freezing to lyse the cells. Significantly lower amounts were extracted from fresh roots, with the greatest differences between fresh and killed roots for the extractants H2O and DTPA, which were the mildest in terms of acidity and salt concentration. Extraction of P from the fresh roots by H2O and HCl was particularly low. Contamination of rhizosphere samples with root materials would almost certainly prevent the accurate measurement of water-soluble P, K, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Na in the slightly alkaline soil used in this experiment. Large errors would be likely also for P, Mn, and Cu extracted by ammonium acetate. The DTPA extractant is normally used only for micronutrient metals or heavy metals, and the small amounts of these elements released by roots should not contribute to significant error. With Morgan's solution, errors would likely be large only for P. Dilute HCl is a reasonably strong extractant for many elements in soil, and major errors from roots contained in rhizosphere samples are unlikely. The relatively high probability of errors in extractions of soluble elements from rhizosphere soil is unfortunate, because these elements are among the most readily available to plants and the most likely to be altered by the normal activities of roots. RP NORVELL, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14850, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUN PY 1992 VL 143 IS 2 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1007/BF00007877 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JE911 UT WOS:A1992JE91100009 ER PT J AU BUNCE, JA AF BUNCE, JA TI STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE, PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION OF TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS TREE SEEDLINGS GROWN OUTDOORS AT AN ELEVATED CONCENTRATION OF CARBON-DIOXIDE SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ACER-RUBRUM; ACER-SACCHARINUM; QUERCUS-PRINUS; QUERCUS-ROBUR; MALUS-DOMESTICA; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; RESPIRATION; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; CLIMATE CHANGE ID CO2 CONCENTRATION; RESPONSES; FORESTS AB Seedlings of temperate deciduous tree species were grown outdoors at ambient and at an elevated concentration of carbon dioxide to examine how aspects of their gas exchange would be altered by growth at elevated carbon dioxide concentration. Leaf conductances to water vapour and net carbon dioxide exchange rates were determined periodically near midday. Whole-plant carbon dioxide efflux rates in darkness were also determined. The stomatal conductance of leaves of plants grown and measured at 700 cm3 m-3 carbon dioxide did not differ from that of plants grown and measured at 350 cm3 m-3 in Malus domestica, Quercus prinus and Quercus robur at any measurement time. In Acer saccharinum, lower conductances occurred for plants grown and measured at elevated carbon dioxide concentration only at measurement temperatures above 33-degrees-C. Photosynthetic adjustment to elevated carbon dioxide concentration was evident only in Q. robur. All species examined had lower rates of dark respiration per unit of mass when grown and measured at elevated carbon dioxide concentration. RP BUNCE, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST NAT RESOURCES,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 106 Z9 120 U1 4 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 15 IS 5 BP 541 EP 549 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01487.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HZ556 UT WOS:A1992HZ55600005 ER PT J AU JANISIEWICZ, WJ MARCHI, A AF JANISIEWICZ, WJ MARCHI, A TI CONTROL OF STORAGE ROTS ON VARIOUS PEAR CULTIVARS WITH A SAPROPHYTIC STRAIN OF PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POSTHARVEST BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; BLUE MOLD; GRAY MOLD; BROWN ROT; DISEASES; APPLES; PENICILLIUM; RESISTANCE; BENOMYL AB Dip treatment of wounded pear (Pyrus communis) fruit (cvs. Anjou, Bosc, Bartlett, and Red Bartlett) with a saprophytic strain of Pseudomonas syringae (L-59-66) provided complete or partial control of gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) and blue mold (Penicillium expansum) during storage at 18 C for 5 days or 1 C for 30 days. Cultivar, wound type, and storage temperature significantly affected the efficacy of the treatment. Control of both diseases as high as 100% was achieved in many tests with the addition of L-59-66 to a final concentration of 5.4 X 10(8) cfu/ml in the inocula (10(4) conidia per milliliter) of the pathogens, Disease control was best on Anjou, where frequently no rot developed, and worst on Bosc, where occasionally more than 90% of wounds developed disease. Nail wounds, which contained macerated tissue, were more difficult to protect than were clean cuts. Antagonist population in wound sites increased from 6.86 to 9.51 log cfu/ml per site during storage of fruit at 1 C for 30 days. Disease symptoms were not observed at any wound site inoculated with antagonist alone. Larger populations of antagonist were recovered from nail wounds than from cut wounds and from Bosc than from the other cultivars. Yet, the antagonist treatment was least effective with Bosc. A higher concentration of the antagonist must be used to achieve satisfactory control under these circumstances. C1 UNIV BOLOGNA,CRIOF,I-20200 BOLOGNA,ITALY. RP JANISIEWICZ, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 26 TC 103 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 76 IS 6 BP 555 EP 560 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HW353 UT WOS:A1992HW35300002 ER PT J AU KAISER, WJ AF KAISER, WJ TI FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEEDS OF COMMERCIAL LENTILS FROM THE UNITED-STATES PACIFIC-NORTHWEST SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM AB Seeds of commercial lentils (Lens culinaris) from the Palouse region of eastern Washington and northern Idaho were sampled for pathogenic seedborne fungi during 1982 1985. Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium acuminatum, F. avenaceum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were isolated. B. cinerea and P. m. pinodella were isolated most frequently. B. cinerea was isolated from 55 and 90% of the samples and 2.2 and 8.3% of the seeds within samples in 1982 and 1983, respectively. The incidence of pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi in commercial lentil seed from the Palouse region varied greatly from year to year. The highest incidence occurred in 1983, when the quality of some lentil seed was reduced because of discoloration of the seeds. Several pathogenic fungi, particularly B. cinerea, were frequently isolated from the discolored seeds. Saprophytic fungi isolated most frequently from lentil seed were species of Alternaria and Cladosporium. The amount of rainfall during July, when the crop was nearing maturity or about to be harvested, appeared to markedly affect the incidence, prevalence, and severity of seedborne pathogenic fungi. In 1983, when 4.3 cm of rain fell during July, seed samples were most heavily infected by seven of the eight pathogenic fungi. A. f. lentis was isolated from commercial lentil seeds originating in the Palouse region, Montana, and North Dakota. When lentil samples from Montana and North Dakota were available, A. f. lentis was isolated from all samples from North Dakota and from 25 and 35% of the samples from Montana in 1982 and 1983, respectively. A. f lentis was isolated only from 3 and 7% of the samples from the Palouse region in 1982 and 1983, respectively, and from none of the samples in 1984 or 1985. RP KAISER, WJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,WESTERN REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 76 IS 6 BP 605 EP 610 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HW353 UT WOS:A1992HW35300015 ER PT J AU WELTY, RE BARKER, RE AF WELTY, RE BARKER, RE TI EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE TO STEM RUST IN PERENNIAL RYEGRASS GROWN IN CONTROLLED AND FIELD CONDITIONS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE GRASS SEED PRODUCTION; LOLIUM-PERENNE; SLOW RUSTING ID REGISTRATION; GENETICS AB Six cultivars of perennial ryegrass were evaluated for reaction to Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola in controlled conditions when plants were 8 or 14 wk old and in the field as mature plants. Plants in controlled conditions were rated for rust infection type (0-4 scale) after inoculation with urediniospores, and an average stem rust infection index (ASRII) was used to compare cultivars. Plants in the field were assessed for percent incidence of infection and severity (percent modified Cobb scale). The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was used to compare cultivars. Eight-week-old plants of Birdie II and Linn were significantly more resistant to stem rust than were Ovation, Delray, Palmer, and Yorktown II. ASRII were smaller for 14-wk-old plants than for 8-wk-old plants, but cultivars retained the same ranking for infection type. Field assessments of AUDPC showed Birdie II to be the most resistant. Linn was found to be intermediate, followed by Ovation, Yorktown II, Palmer, and Delray. Birdie II and Linn were slow-rusting cultivars. Cultivars ranked similarly in the field and in controlled-inoculation studies. Generally, plants that were resistant at 14 wk also were resistant as adults in the field. However, some plants rated susceptible in the greenhouse varied widely in stem rust reaction and were rated from 0 or trace to 100% susceptible in the field. Based on our results, cultivars should be tested by a double-screen procedure as 14-wk-old plants in controlled conditions and as adult plants in the field. This system would reduce disease escapes in young plants and retain slow-rusting characteristics expressed in the field by adult plants. RP WELTY, RE (reprint author), USDA,ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 76 IS 6 BP 637 EP 641 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA HW353 UT WOS:A1992HW35300023 ER PT J AU GOLDMARK, PJ CURRY, J MORRIS, CF WALKERSIMMONS, MK AF GOLDMARK, PJ CURRY, J MORRIS, CF WALKERSIMMONS, MK TI CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF AN EMBRYO-SPECIFIC MESSENGER-RNA UP-REGULATED IN HYDRATED DORMANT SEEDS SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABSCISIC ACID; BROMUS; DEHYDRATION; DORMANCY; EMBRYOS; TRANSCRIPT LEVELS ID ABSCISIC-ACID; HIGHER-PLANTS; PROTEINS; GENE AB Dormant seeds do not germinate when imbibed in water even when conditions are favorable for germination. These hydrated seeds remain viable, but growth-arrested for weeks due to unknown restrictions within the embryo. As a model system for the study of the molecular processes occurring in dormant seeds, we have chosen to examine gene expression in Bromus secalinas, a grass species that produces seeds with high levels of embryonic dormancy. Using differential screening for mRNAs present in hydrated dormant embryos, we have identified a cDNA clone, pBS128, that encodes a mRNA transcript found in the embryos of hydrated seeds of B. secalinus as well as in embryos from mature dry seeds. Striking differences in pBS128 transcript levels appear upon hydration of dormant and nondormant seeds. Upon imbibition pBS128 transcript levels increase over four-fold in dormant seeds, but rapidly decline and disappear in nondormant seeds, which subsequently germinate. The pBS128 transcript appears to be embryo-specific since the transcript is not detectable in either non-stressed or dehydrated seedling tissue. Application of 50-mu-M ABA to nondormant seeds arrests germination and enhances pBS128 transcript levels. The nucleotide sequence of the nearly full-length pBS128 cDNA shows no homology to other reported genes, and the putative protein sequence does not exhibit the hydrophilic characteristics of the ABA-responsive LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) proteins. C1 DJR RES,OKANOGAN,WA 98840. RP GOLDMARK, PJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,JOHNSON HALL 209,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 22 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 19 IS 3 BP 433 EP 441 DI 10.1007/BF00023391 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA JA988 UT WOS:A1992JA98800009 PM 1377965 ER PT J AU LEVY, E GOUGH, FJ BERLIN, KD GUIANA, PW SMITH, JT AF LEVY, E GOUGH, FJ BERLIN, KD GUIANA, PW SMITH, JT TI INHIBITION OF SEPTORIA-TRITICI AND OTHER PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI AND BACTERIA BY PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS AND ITS ANTIBIOTICS SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; COTTON SEEDLINGS; SUPPRESSION; WHEAT; PYTHIUM; STRAIN AB Pseudomonas fluorescens strain PFM2, antagonistic to Septoria tritici, also inhibited growth of several other phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi in vitro. Three inhibitory compounds were extracted from liquid glycerol-peptone-phosphate medium in which strain PFM2 was grown for 4 weeks. The compound recovered in greatest quantity (70 mg/1) was identified as 2,4-diacetylpbloroglucinol. The other two antibiotics, which were produced in small amounts (<5 mg/1), were not identified. A similar pattern of inhibition against the different bacteria and fungi was exhibited by both 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and strain PFM2 when grown in a medium of the same composition as that in which the antibiotic was produced. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,STILLWATER,OK 74075. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP LEVY, E (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 22 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 41 IS 3 BP 335 EP 341 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.1992.tb02355.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA JA410 UT WOS:A1992JA41000011 ER PT J AU VANWERT, SL SAUNDERS, JA AF VANWERT, SL SAUNDERS, JA TI ELECTROFUSION AND ELECTROPORATION OF PLANTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID GENE-TRANSFER; PROTOPLASTS; EXPRESSION; FUSION; CELLS; RNA; EFFICIENT; FREQUENCY; INTACT AB The utilization of electrofusion and electroporation techniques has had a major impact on the genetic manipulation of plants within the last decade. This review of the development of electrofusion and electroporation, as it applies to plants, highlights major developmental aspects Of this technology. These include mechanisms for cell fusion, molecular exchange, and parameters that affect the efficiency of fusion and electroporation. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SARL,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 99 IS 2 BP 365 EP 367 DI 10.1104/pp.99.2.365 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JA218 UT WOS:A1992JA21800001 PM 16668891 ER PT J AU HECHT, R SLONE, JH BUCKHOUT, TJ HITZ, WD VANDERWOUDE, WJ AF HECHT, R SLONE, JH BUCKHOUT, TJ HITZ, WD VANDERWOUDE, WJ TI SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY OF THE H+-SUCROSE SYMPORTER ON THE PLASMA-MEMBRANE OF SUGAR-BEETS (BETA-VULGARIS L)1 - TRANSPORT OF PHENYLGLUCOPYRANOSIDES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETA-VULGARIS-L; RICINUS-COMMUNIS L; LEAF TISSUES; VESICLES; COTYLEDONS; PHLOEM; SELECTIVITY; MECHANISM; PROTEIN AB Previous results (TJ Buckhout, Planta [1989] 178: 393-399) indicated that the structural specificity of the H+-sucrose symporter on the plasma membrane from sugar beet leaves (Beta vulgaris L.) was specific for the sucrose molecule. To better understand the structural features of the sucrose molecule involved in its recognition by the symport carrier, the inhibitory activity of a variety of phenylhexopyranosides on sucrose uptake was tested. Three competitive inhibitors of sucrose uptake were found, phenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, phenyl-alpha-D-thioglucopyranoside, and phenyl-alpha-D-4-deoxythioglucopyranoside (PDTGP; K(i) = 67, 180, and 327 micromolar, respectively). The K(m) for sucrose uptake was approximately 500 micromolar. Like sucrose, phenyl-alpha-D-thioglucopyranoside and to a lesser extent, PDTGP induced alkalization of the extemal medium, which indicated that these derivatives bound to and were transported by the sucrose symporter. Phenyl-alpha-D-3-deoxy-3-fluorothioglucopyranoside, phenyl-alpha-D-4-deoxy-4-fluorothioglucopyranoside, and phenyl-alpha-D-thioallopyranoside only weakly but competively inhibited sucrose uptake with K(i) values ranging from 600 to 800 micromolar, and phenyl-alpha-D-thlomannopyranoside, phenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and phenylethyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside did not inhibit sucrose uptake. Thus, the hydroxyl groups of the fructose portion of sucrose were not involved in a specific interaction with the carrier protein because phenyl and thiophenyl derivatives of glucose inhibited sucrose uptake and, in the case of phenyl-alpha-D-thioglucopyranoside and PDTGP, were transported. C1 UNIV KAISERSLAUTERN,FACHBEREICH BIOL,POSTFACH 3049,W-6750 KAISERSLAUTERN,GERMANY. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. DUPONT CO,DEPT CENT RES & DEV,EXPTL STN,WILMINGTON,DE 19898. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 99 IS 2 BP 439 EP 444 DI 10.1104/pp.99.2.439 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JA218 UT WOS:A1992JA21800014 PM 16668904 ER PT J AU GLASS, ADM SHAFF, JE KOCHIAN, LV AF GLASS, ADM SHAFF, JE KOCHIAN, LV TI STUDIES OF THE UPTAKE OF NITRATE IN BARLEY .4. ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAIZE ROOTS; CORN ROOTS; KINETICS; FLUXES; ENERGETICS; ABSORPTION; SEEDLINGS; INDUCTION; EFFLUX; INFLUX AB Transmembrane electrical potential differences (DELTA-psi) of epidermal and cortical cells were measured in intact roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Klondike). The effects of exogenous NO3-on DELTA-psi (in the concentration range from 100 micromolar to 20 millimolar) were investigated to probe the mechanisms of nitrate uptake by the high-affinity (HATS) and low-affinity (LATS) transport systems for NO3- uptake. Both transport systems caused depolarization of DELTA-psi, demonstrating that the LATS (like the HATS) for NO3- uptake is probably mediated by an electrogenic cation (H+?) cotransport system. Membrane depolarization by the HATS was "inducible" by NO3-, and saturable with respect to exogenous [NO3-]. By contrast, depolarization by the LATS was constitutive, and first-order in response to extemal [NO3-]. H+ fluxes, measured in 200 micromolar and in 5 millimolar Ca(NO3)2 solutions, failed to alkalinize extemal media as anticipated for a 2 H+:1 NO3- symport. However, switching from K2SO4. solutions (which were strongly acidifying) to KNO3 solutions at the same K+ concentration caused marked reductions in H+ efflux. These observations are consistent with NO3- uptake by the HATS and the LATS via 2 H+:1 NO3- symports. These observations establish that the HATS for nitrate uptake by barley roots is essentially similar to those reported for Lemna and Zea mays by earlier workers. There are, nevertheless, distinct differences between barley and com in their quantitative responses to extemal NO3-. C1 USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP GLASS, ADM (reprint author), UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT BOT,VANCOUVER V6T 1Z4,BC,CANADA. NR 19 TC 136 Z9 155 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 99 IS 2 BP 456 EP 463 DI 10.1104/pp.99.2.456 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JA218 UT WOS:A1992JA21800017 PM 16668907 ER PT J AU WALKERSIMMONS, MK ANDERBERG, RJ ROSE, PA ABRAMS, SR AF WALKERSIMMONS, MK ANDERBERG, RJ ROSE, PA ABRAMS, SR TI OPTICALLY PURE ABSCISIC-ACID ANALOGS - TOOLS FOR RELATING GERMINATION INHIBITION AND GENE-EXPRESSION IN WHEAT EMBRYOS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ABA; METABOLISM; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENANTIOMERS AB We report an examination of the structural requirements of the abscisic acid (ABA) recognition response in wheat dormant seed embryos using optically pure isomers of ABA analogs. These compounds include permutations to the ABA structure with either an acetylene or a trans bond at C-4 C-5, and either a single or double bond at the C-2' C-3' double bond. (R)-ABA and the three isomers with the same configuration at C-1' as natural ABA were found to be effective germination inhibitors. The biologically active ABA analogs exhibited differential effects on ABA-responsive gene expression. All the ABA analogs that inhibited germination induced two ABA-responsive genes, wheat group 3 lea and dhn (rab). However, (R)-ABA and (S)-dihydroABA were less effective in inducing the ABA-responsive gene Em within the time that embryonic germination was inhibited. C1 NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,INST PLANT BIOTECHNOL,SASKATOON S7N 0W9,SASKATCHEWAN,CANADA. RP WALKERSIMMONS, MK (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,209 JOHNSON HALL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 30 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 99 IS 2 BP 501 EP 507 DI 10.1104/pp.99.2.501 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JA218 UT WOS:A1992JA21800024 PM 16668914 ER PT J AU DITOMASO, JM HART, JJ LINSCOTT, DL KOCHIAN, LV AF DITOMASO, JM HART, JJ LINSCOTT, DL KOCHIAN, LV TI EFFECT OF INORGANIC CATIONS AND METABOLIC-INHIBITORS ON PUTRESCINE TRANSPORT IN ROOTS OF INTACT MAIZE SEEDLINGS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID K+ UPTAKE; POLYAMINE TRANSPORT; RAT LUNG; ACCUMULATION; MEMBRANE; PLANTS; SPERMIDINE; PARAQUAT; SLICES; CELLS AB The specificity and regulation of putrescine transport was investigated in roots of intact maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. In concentration-dependent transport studies, the kinetics for putrescine uptake could be resolved into a single saturable component that was noncompetitively inhibited by increasing concentrations of Ca2+ (50 micromolar to 5 millimolar). Similarly, other polyvalent cations, including Mg2+ (1.8 millimolar) and La3+ (200 micromolar), almost completely abolished the saturable component for putrescine uptake. This suggests that putrescine does not share a common transport system with other divalent or polyvalent inorganic cations. Further characterization of the putrescine transport system indicated that 0.3 millimolar N-ethylmaleimide had no effect on putrescine uptake, and 2 millimolar p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid only partially inhibited transport of the diamine (39% inhibition). Metabolic inhibitors, including carbonylcyanide-m-chlorphenylhydrazone (20 micromolar) and KCN (0.5 millimolar), also partially inhibited the saturable component for putrescine uptake (V(max) reduced 48-60%). Increasing the time of exposure to carbonylcyanide-m-chlorphenylhydrazone from 30 minutes to 2 hours did not significantly increase the inhibition of putrescine uptake. Electrophysiological evidence indicates that the inhibitory effect on putrescine uptake by these inhibitors is correlated to a depolarization of the membrane potential, suggesting that the driving force for putrescine uptake is the transmembrane electrical potential across the plasmalemma. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP DITOMASO, JM (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 99 IS 2 BP 508 EP 514 DI 10.1104/pp.99.2.508 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JA218 UT WOS:A1992JA21800025 PM 16668915 ER PT J AU HOFTE, H HUBBARD, L REIZER, J LUDEVID, D HERMAN, EM CHRISPEELS, MJ AF HOFTE, H HUBBARD, L REIZER, J LUDEVID, D HERMAN, EM CHRISPEELS, MJ TI VEGETATIVE AND SEED-SPECIFIC FORMS OF TONOPLAST INTRINSIC PROTEIN IN THE VACUOLAR MEMBRANE OF ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LENS FIBER MEMBRANES; SEQUENCES AB Reports from a number of laboratories describe the presence of a family of proteins (the major intrinsic protein family) in a variety of organisms. These proteins are postulated to form channels that function in metabolite transport In plants, this family is represented by the product of NOD26, a nodulation gene in soybean that encodes a protein of the peribacteroid membrane, and tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP), an abundant protein in the tonoplast of protein storage vacuoles of bean seeds (KD Johnson, H Hofte, MJ Chrispeels [1990] Plant Cell 2: 525-532). Other homologs that are induced by water stress in pea and in Arabidopsis thaliana and that are expressed in the roots of tobacco have been reported, but the location of the proteins they encode is not known. We now report the presence and derived amino acid sequences of two different TIP proteins in A. thaliana. alpha-TIP is a seed-specific protein that has 68% amino acid sequence identity with bean seed TIP; gamma-TIP is expressed in the entire vegetative body of A. thaliana and has 58% amino acid identity with bean seed TIP. Both proteins are associated with the tonoplast. Comparisons of the derived amino acid sequences of the seven known plant proteins in the major intrinsic protein family show that genes with similar expression patterns (e.g. water stress-induced or seed specific) are more closely related to each other than the three A. thaliana homologs are related. We propose that the nonoverlapping gene expression patterns reported here, and the evolutionary relationships indicated by the phylogenetic tree, suggest a functional specialization of these proteins. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, DEPT BIOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, CTR MOLEC GENET, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 171 Z9 177 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 99 IS 2 BP 561 EP 570 DI 10.1104/pp.99.2.561 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JA218 UT WOS:A1992JA21800033 PM 16668923 ER PT J AU MIERNYK, JA DENNIS, DT AF MIERNYK, JA DENNIS, DT TI A DEVELOPMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE ENOLASE ISOZYMES FROM RICINUS-COMMUNIS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ENDOSPERM; ENZYME; SEEDS AB Enolase activity was measured in clarified homogenates of various tissues during the life cycle of the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis L. cv Baker 296). The proportions of total activity due to the plastid and cytosolic isozymes were determined after separation by ion-exchange chromatography. The contribution of the plastid isozyme varied from more than 30% of the total at the midpoint of endosperm development to less than 1% in mature leaves and roots. During endosperm development, enolase activity increased to a peak coincident with the maximum rate of storage lipid accumulation, then decreased to nearly undetectable levels in the mature seed. Plastid enolase protein, measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, increased in parallel with the increase in activity but decreased less rapidly and was still easily detectable in mature seeds. C1 QUEENS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,KINGSTON K7L 3N6,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP MIERNYK, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,SEED BIOSYNTH RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 99 IS 2 BP 748 EP 750 DI 10.1104/pp.99.2.748 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JA218 UT WOS:A1992JA21800060 PM 16668948 ER PT J AU MAY, JD LOTT, BD AF MAY, JD LOTT, BD TI EFFECT OF PERIODIC FEEDING AND PHOTOPERIOD ON ANTICIPATION OF FEED WITHDRAWAL SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PHOTOPERIOD; PERIODIC FEEDING; LIGHT; DARK; WATER AB Broiler chicks obtained from a commercial hatchery were reared on litter in environmental chambers. The rearing temperature was 32 C initially, and reduced 2.8 C/wk until 24 C was reached. Water was available for ad libitum intake. The treatments began at 7 days in Trial 1 and at 8 days in Trial 2, during which feed and water consumption were recorded by computer every 30 min and summarized for 2- and 24-h periods until each trial was completed. In Trial 1, the treatments were: 1) continuous light with feed available 12 h/day; and 2) 12 h light (L):12 h dark (D) with feed available for ad libitum consumption for 1 wk and unavailable thereafter during darkness. In Trial 2, the treatments were 1) 14L:10D; 2) 10L:14D; and 3) continuous light. During the treatments, no feed was provided during darkness and only for 12 h/day during continuous light. At 29 days, feeding and lighting were again continuously provided until the trial ended at 33 days. Broilers were able to anticipate the period of feed unavailability when it coincided with darkness. They were unable to anticipate the period when feed was unavailable ff they were in continuous light. Continuously lighted broilers consumed more feed at the onset of the feeding period than did the broilers in light:dark cycles. Periodically lighted broilers consumed more feed at the end than at the onset of the feeding period. Resumption of continuous feeding occurred more quickly for continuously lighted broilers than for those previously on light:dark cycles. The data indicate that the internal clock that permits broilers to anticipate recurring periods of feed unavailability depends on a daily period of darkness. RP MAY, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT POULTRY RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 71 IS 6 BP 951 EP 958 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HV150 UT WOS:A1992HV15000003 PM 1614951 ER PT J AU AUGUSTINE, PC WATKINS, KL DANFORTH, HD AF AUGUSTINE, PC WATKINS, KL DANFORTH, HD TI EFFECT OF MONENSIN ON ULTRASTRUCTURE AND CELLULAR INVASION BY THE TURKEY COCCIDIA EIMERIA-ADENOEIDES AND EIMERIA-MELEAGRIMITIS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TURKEY; EIMERIA; MONENSIN; ULTRASTRUCTURE; CELL INVASION ID TENELLA SPOROZOITES INVITRO; PENETRATION AB Freshly excysted sporozoites (SZ) of the turkey coccidia Eimeria meleagrimitis and Eimeria adenoeides were incubated at 41 C in concentrations of monensin from.01 to 1.0-mu-g/mL, washed free of the drug, and either processed for phase, fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy or inoculated into cultures of turkey kidney cells. Phase microscopy indicated that after 1.5 h incubation in 1.0-mu-g/mL monensin, about 60% of the SZ of E. meleagrimitis had become notably rounded or displayed localized protrusions. These alterations were accompanied by ultrastructural abnormalities (in 90% of the SZ) including vacuoles in the cytoplasm, bulging and separation of plasma membrane layers, and dense bands in the refractile bodies that extended toward the periphery of the refractile body. Similar morphological and ultrastructural changes were observed in over half of the E. adenoeides SZ after 2 h incubation in 1.0-mu-g/mL monensin. Additionally, some specimens contained a pycnotic nucleus that was usually surrounded by a large vacuole. After 4 h incubation, almost all of the SZ displayed some degree of ultrastructural damage. Indirect fluorescent antibody labeling with parasite-specific monoclonal antibodies demonstrated clouds of antigen surrounding the monensin-treated but not the untreated SZ, suggesting an increase in permeability with incubation in monensin. With both E. meleagrimitis and E. adenoeides, the structural changes were reflected in a significant inhibition of cellular invasion. The inhibitory activity of monensin was concentration- and time-dependent in that the greatest inhibition of invasion was observed in SZ incubated for 4 h in 1.0-mu-/mL of monensin; shorter incubation times or lower concentrations of monensin having less effect. C1 LILLY RES LABS,ANIM NUTR & PHYSIOL RES DEPT,GREENFIELD,IN 46140. RP AUGUSTINE, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 71 IS 6 BP 970 EP 978 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA HV150 UT WOS:A1992HV15000005 PM 1614953 ER PT J AU SCHOENBAUM, MA ESPE, BH BEHRING, B AF SCHOENBAUM, MA ESPE, BH BEHRING, B TI EPIDEMIC OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS CASES ORIGINATING FROM AN INFECTED BEEF HERD IN OKLAHOMA, USA SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Although the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis has diminished in the USA, there have been surprising recent discoveries of the infection in Pennsylvania (1989), North Dakota (1988), New Mexico (1985) and Mississippi (1983). In August 1989, US Department of Agriculture (USDA) inspectors at a Missouri slaughter establishment found an aged beef-type cow of Oklahoma origin with tuberculosis during routine necropsy. The study reports procedures, results and the progress of investigations after finding the tuberculous slaughter-cow. The tuberculous cow came from a herd of beef cattle (Farm A) in northeastern Oklahoma. Farm A purchased the cow at a local auction market in October 1988; the cow ultimately originated from another local farm (Farm B). All cattle on Farm B had dispersed at the time Farm A acquired the tuberculous cow. Regulatory officials investigated all known sales of cattle from Farm B and discovered 12 additional cases of tuberculosis (one in Kansas and 11 in Oklahoma). The cases involved the exposure of over 4400 cattle on 87 premises (seven states) to the infection. The source of infection for Farm B was not determined. The epidemic of tuberculosis cases in the current study stressed the importance of surveillance by USDA inspectors at slaughter establishments, and also rapid and decisive action in bovine tuberculosis eradication efforts. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73102. USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,TOPEKA,KS 66683. RP SCHOENBAUM, MA (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,100 W PIONEER PKWY,SUITE 100,ARLINGTON,TX 76010, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 13 IS 2 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1016/0167-5877(92)90095-W PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JB508 UT WOS:A1992JB50800004 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, SN AF MEYDANI, SN TI MODULATION OF CYTOKINE PRODUCTION BY DIETARY POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; FISH-OIL; LIPOXYGENASE METABOLITES; SUPPLEMENTATION; PROSTAGLANDINS; INTERLEUKIN-1; MICE; IMMUNOREGULATION; LEUKOTRIENES; CACHECTIN RP MEYDANI, SN (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,NUTR IMMUNOL LAB,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 29 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 200 IS 2 BP 189 EP 193 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HU656 UT WOS:A1992HU65600012 PM 1579580 ER PT J AU LEVANDER, OA AF LEVANDER, OA TI SELENIUM AND SULFUR IN ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS - RELATIONSHIPS WITH VITAMIN-E AND MALARIA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HYDROPEROXIDE GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; RAT-LIVER; DEPENDENT PROTECTION; PLASMODIUM-YOELII; FISH OIL; DEFICIENCY; MICE; ADRIAMYCIN; QINGHAOSU AB The metabolic relationships among the antioxidant nutrients selenium, sulfur, and vitamin E are particularly close. Selenium and vitamin E have long been known to spare one another in certain nutritional diseases of animals, and selenium has been considered to have a key antioxidant defense function as a component of glutathione peroxidase. However, the antioxidant role of glutathione peroxidase has been questioned and new proteins containing selenium have been identified: phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, selenoprotein P, and iodothyronine deiodinase. Glutathione peroxidase activity independent of selenium resides in the glutathione S-transferases. Glutathione participates in both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems. Some low-molecular weight selenium compounds (e.g., ebselen) exhibit glutathione peroxidase-like action. Certain low molecular weight thiols decompose peroxides nonenzymatically (e.g., the ovothiols). Murine malaria appears to be a useful experimental model for investigating interrelationships of selenium and vitamin E. Vitamin E deficiency protects against the parasite, especially when the mice are concurrently fed peroxidizable fat such as fish or linseed oils. Selenium deficiency, on the other hand, has little or no protective effect against the parasite. Any practical utility of pro-oxidant diets in combating human malaria remains to be determined. RP LEVANDER, OA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Torero, Rebeca/C-1703-2012 NR 48 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 200 IS 2 BP 255 EP 259 PG 5 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA HU656 UT WOS:A1992HU65600027 PM 1579591 ER PT J AU BERTRAND, WS AF BERTRAND, WS TI DESIGNING QUALITY INTO WORK LIFE SO QUALITY PROGRESS LA English DT Article RP BERTRAND, WS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SAN FRANCISCO,CA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA ASQC MEMBERSHIP MANAGER 611 E. WISCONSIN AVENUE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53202 SN 0033-524X J9 QUAL PROG JI Qual. Prog. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 25 IS 6 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA HX422 UT WOS:A1992HX42200019 ER PT J AU JACKSON, RD CLARKE, TR MORAN, MS AF JACKSON, RD CLARKE, TR MORAN, MS TI BIDIRECTIONAL CALIBRATION RESULTS FOR 11 SPECTRALON AND 16 BASO4 REFERENCE REFLECTANCE PANELS SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article AB Eleven Spectralon1 (a sintered polytetrafluoroethylene-based material) and 16 BaSO4 reference reflectance panels were calibrated using a field calibration technique. The Spectralon panels differed both in their directional/hemispherical and directional/directional reflectance. However, the differences were sufficiently small that "general" calibration equations were developed. For panels constructed of the same material and with the same methods as those used in these experiments, the directional/directional reflectance may be within +/- 0.020 at 10-degrees, +/- 0.015 at 45-degrees, and +/- 0.041 at 80-degrees of that predicted by the "general" equations. For field measurements, these values are considerably better than those that would be obtained using a value of the directional/hemispherical reflectance. The directional/directional reflectance of the 16 BaSO4 panels varied considerably among panels, so much so that it was not feasible to develop "general" calibration equations. Apparently, the nonlambertian properties of BaSO4 panels are dependent upon the method of applying the barium sulfate coating. RP JACKSON, RD (reprint author), US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,USDA ARS,4331 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 10 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 40 IS 3 BP 231 EP 239 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(92)90005-5 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA HW982 UT WOS:A1992HW98200005 ER PT J AU PIONKE, HB KUNISHI, HM AF PIONKE, HB KUNISHI, HM TI PHOSPHORUS STATUS AND CONTENT OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT IN A PENNSYLVANIA WATERSHED SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; SOIL; PHOSPHATE; LABILE AB The phosphorus (P) concentrations of suspended sediments determined by extraction with Cl resin (resin P), 0.1 N NaOH (NaOH P), and HClO4 (total sediment P), and from P desorption isotherms (intercept P) are presented and compared. The sediment concentrations representing 56 stormflows, sampled from two Pennsylvania agricultural watersheds over 4 years, were low and variable. Resin P and NaOH P constituted 9 and 38% of the total sediment P, respectively. Intercept P was highly correlated (r = 0.70) and closely estimated resin P, an index of readily desorbable labile and plant-available P. Both resin P (r = 0.75) and intercept P (r = 0.90) were highly correlated with the Equilibrium Phosphorus Concentration (EPC) but were consistently about 100 times more concentrated. NaOH P, an index of algal available P on sediment, was highly correlated with resin P (r = 0.73) and total sediment P (r = 0.87). Export of labile P (resin P plus total soluble P) in stormflow from both watersheds was mostly as soluble P (62-78%) and thus was controlled more by water than sediment export. Soluble P losses in total stream outflow (storm plus nonstorm) accounted for 50% of the algal-available P exported and about 30% of the total P exported from the 7.4 km2 watershed, suggesting that a P loss control strategy based only on erosion control would not be effective in these types of watersheds. About 42% of total sediment P and 57% of the total P exported from the 7.4 km2 watershed was estimated to be algal available. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP PIONKE, HB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NE WATERSHED RES CTR,117 RES OFF BLDG,HASTINGS RD,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 29 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 153 IS 6 BP 452 EP 462 DI 10.1097/00010694-199206000-00004 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JB909 UT WOS:A1992JB90900004 ER PT J AU DICK, WA EDWARDS, WM STEHOUWER, RC ECKERT, DJ AF DICK, WA EDWARDS, WM STEHOUWER, RC ECKERT, DJ TI MAIZE YIELD AND NITROGEN UPTAKE AFTER ESTABLISHED NO-TILLAGE FIELDS ARE PLOWED SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE; SOIL; FERTILIZER; CORN AB Information is lacking concerning the effect of spring plowing (CT) an established (5 years or more) no-tillage (NT) field on maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield and nitrogen (N) uptake. A 3-year split plot field experiment, with two levels of tillage (CT and NT) and six levels of fertilizer N (0-336 kg N ha-1 as NH4NO3), was conducted on a Coshocton silt loam soil (fine, loamy, mixed, mesic Aquultic Hapludalf) maintained in NT production for 5 previous years. Each year a new area of the established NT field was plowed and treatments were repeated for 2 consecutive years on the same plots. Carryover of N and lack of mineralization of organic N resulted in maize grain yields and N uptake being similar under NT and CT across all N fertilizer rates for the first crop following spring plowing. However, for the second crop after plowing, grain yields and N uptake were higher at the zero or low N fertilizer rates under CT as compared with NT and the reverse was true at the high fertilizer N rates. Addition of a small amount of N (56 or 112 kg ha-1) stimulated organic matter decomposition and/or N immobilization primarily during the second year after plowing. Nitrogen concentrations in the grain and residue were less for the NT compared with the CT treatment although yields of grain and residue were generally greater under NT. The greater efficiency of maize plants under NT in utilizing N taken up from the soil to produce grain was attributed to the greater amount of water in the soil during the growing season. C1 USDA ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXPTL WATERSHED,COSHOCTON,OH 43812. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBUS,OH 44691. RP DICK, WA (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(92)90068-M PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JB590 UT WOS:A1992JB59000001 ER PT J AU CHU, CC HENNEBERRY, TJ AF CHU, CC HENNEBERRY, TJ TI PINK-BOLLWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, GELECHIIDAE) MALE MOTH TRAP CATCHES IN GOSSYPLURE-BAITED TRAPS IN RELATION TO ACCUMULATED HEAT UNITS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Studies were conducted from 1981 to 1989 to examine the relationship between pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), male moth trap catches in gossyplure-baited traps and heat units (degree days) in the Imperial Valley, California. Heat unit accumulations were based on 30.0/12.8-degrees-C (86/55-degrees-F) upper/lower temperature thresholds. Results showed that the number of PBW male moths/trap/night caught in gossyplure-baited traps from early March to 31 August were estimated by the equation: Y = -1.797 + 0.988E-03 X, where Y was Log10 [male moths/trap/night] and X was the number of accumulated degree days beginning 1 January each year (R2 = 0.717). Decreasing numbers of male moths/trap/night from 1 September to mid-November were estimated by the equation Y = -3.766 -0.398E-03 X, but the data fit was poor (R2 = 0.114) because results were confounded by decreasing temperatures beginning in early September. Results of the study suggest that trap catch data, as related to degree days, may be used to describe seasonal male moth trap catch increases as a reflection of increasing PBW populations. Further, male moth trap catches and degree day relationships provide the potential for developing an economic level decision-making tool. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP CHU, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,BRAWLEY,CA 92227, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 17 IS 2 BP 79 EP 87 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JC745 UT WOS:A1992JC74500001 ER PT J AU ROEHRDANZ, RL NORTH, DT AF ROEHRDANZ, RL NORTH, DT TI MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA RESTRICTION FRAGMENT VARIATION AND BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE BOLL-WEEVIL, ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX; SCREWWORM FLY; HETEROGENEITY; SYSTEMATICS; EVOLUTION; GENETICS; SIZE AB Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction fragment patterns were compared among four laboratory colonies of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman. The four colonies have diverse geographic and host plant origins; they include a southeastern USA weevil from cultivated cotton, a Mexican weevil from Hampea nutricia Fryxell, a weevil from wild Gossypium thurberi Todaro cotton in Arizona, and a weevil from cultivated cotton in El Salvador. The boll weevil mtDNA is about 19 kb. Ten of sixteen restriction enzymes employed produced polymorphic fragment patterns. Comparisons of sequence divergence among the colonies suggests that the "thurberia" and El Salvador weevils are similar and that the southeastern weevil is equally divergent from the other three colonies. The observed mtDNA variation among these lines shows that this approach may be suitable for more detailed molecular genetic analysis of the origin and dispersal of the boll weevil. RP ROEHRDANZ, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 17 IS 2 BP 101 EP 108 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JC745 UT WOS:A1992JC74500003 ER PT J AU GUERRA, AA AF GUERRA, AA TI INVITRO REARING OF BRACON-MELLITOR (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) AND CATOLACCUS-GRANDIS (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMAUDE) WITH DIFFERENT INSECT HEMOLYMPH-BASED DIETS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TRICHOGRAMMA-PRETIOSUM; BOLL-WEEVIL; CURCULIONIDAE; PARASITOIDS; COLEOPTERA AB Artificial diets containing hemolymph isolated from larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.), the oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi (GuerinMeneville), or the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman; from pupae of A. grandis or the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.); or eggs of M. sexta supported the in vitro development of the hymenopteran ectoparasitoids, Bracon mellitor Say and Catolaccus grandis (Burks). Developmental time (from egg to adult) for both species was ca. two weeks. Although adult yields obtained with all test diets were very low (20 to 25%), sex ratios, and fecundity and fertility were compared. The high larval and pupal mortalities observed in this study were likely attributable to a series of nondietary factors related to rearing conditions. RP GUERRA, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL PESTS RES UNIT,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 17 IS 2 BP 123 EP 126 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JC745 UT WOS:A1992JC74500006 ER PT J AU HUME, ME CHEN, AC AF HUME, ME CHEN, AC TI RNA IN THE DEVELOPING OVARIES OF THE STABLE FLY, STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS (L) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; VITELLOGENIN SYNTHESIS; INSECT VITELLINS; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; OOGENESIS; PROTEINS AB Ribonucleic acids were analyzed from each stage of the developing ovary of Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). The level of total RNA increased as the ovary progressed from the previtellogenic stage to the mature oocyte. Total RNA reached a maximum level at stage IV. The banding patterns of yolk proteins synthesized by cell-free translation were the same for RNA extracted from each stage. Translation of isolated mRNA in the presence of microsomal membranes resulted in apparent changes in bands having molecular weights estimated at 49,900, 51,100 (doublet), 53,500 (doublet), and 55,900. RP HUME, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 17 IS 2 BP 127 EP 134 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JC745 UT WOS:A1992JC74500007 ER PT J AU HENNEBERRY, TJ BARIOLA, LA CHU, CC MENG, T DEETER, B JECH, LF AF HENNEBERRY, TJ BARIOLA, LA CHU, CC MENG, T DEETER, B JECH, LF TI EARLY-SEASON ETHEPHON APPLICATIONS - EFFECT ON COTTON FRUITING AND INITIATION OF PINK-BOLLWORM INFESTATIONS AND COTTON YIELDS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID LEPIDOPTERA; GELECHIIDAE AB The reproductive potential of pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), moths from overwintering larvae is low because significant numbers emerge when limited host material is available; mortality is induced from high soil temperature exposure and other adverse environmental factors occur. We conducted studies in Arizona and California in 1988 and 1989 to determine the potential of using a plant growth regulator (ethephon = Prep(R)) to reduce numbers of available early-season cotton flower buds during overwintering moth emergence to increase environmental stress and delay initiation of early-season infestations. Ethephon applied at rates of 0.38 to 1.40 kg AI/ha reduced the number of PBW-infested bolls on early-season fruiting branches. Rates of application as low as 0.56 kg AI/ha reduced cotton lint yields under short-season growing conditions but rates as high as 0.84 kg AI/ha were acceptable under full-season cotton production conditions. High rates of application (1.12 kg AI/ha and above) consistently reduced yields. In most cases, ethephon treatments delayed flowering. Treated plants compensated for removal of early-season squares and the accumulated flowers surpassed accumulated flowering of untreated control plants at some point later in the growing season. However, when accumulated flowering of treated plants was less than that of untreated plants, because of early harvests, yields were reduced. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,IRRIGATED DESERT RES STN,BRAWLEY,CA. RHONE POULENC AG CO,FIELD RES & DEV,WICKENBURG,AZ 85358. RP HENNEBERRY, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 17 IS 2 BP 135 EP 147 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JC745 UT WOS:A1992JC74500008 ER PT J AU LINZ, GM KNITTLE, CE JOHNSON, RE AF LINZ, GM KNITTLE, CE JOHNSON, RE TI HOME RANGE OF BREEDING COMMON RAVENS IN COASTAL SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Note RP LINZ, GM (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,N DAKOTA FIELD STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSN NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 37 IS 2 BP 199 EP 202 DI 10.2307/3671670 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA HX297 UT WOS:A1992HX29700013 ER PT J AU CARR, ME AF CARR, ME TI PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF STARCH GRAFT POLY(VINYL) COPOLYMERS AS PAPER COATING ADHESIVES SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article AB A series of starch graft copolymers were prepared from commercial cornstarch products and vinyl monomers and were evaluated as adhesives in pigmented paper coatings. Hypochlorite oxidized (HO), acid modified (AM), and hydroxyethlated acid modified (HEAM) starches were reacted separately with acrylamide (AAm), acrylic acid (AAc), and acrilonitrile (AN) using ceric ammonium nitrate as the polymerization initiator to yield copolymers containing 2-45% synthetic polymer. Pigmented coating mixtures with 6-14 parts copolymer/100 parts clay and 40-50% total solids were prepared and applied on one side of the paper stock using a hand-drawn doctor blade. Viscosities, adhesive strength, and wet-rub resistance of the coating adhesives and mixtures were determined. Adhesive strength of starch graft polyacrylamide (S-g-PAAm) copolymers containing as little as 12% PAAm was considerably superior to the commercial starches as paper coating adhesives. Adhesive strength of S-g-PAAc copolymers was similar to that of the HO and HEAM commercial starches, whereas adhesive strength of the S-g-PAN copolymers was poor. Copolymers that were prepared from the HO starch were slightly superior to those prepared from the AM and HEAM starches. Wet-rub resistance of the pigmented copolymer coatings was not improved over that of the coatings containing the commercial starches. RP CARR, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD PHYS CHEM RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 8 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 14 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD JUN PY 1992 VL 44 IS 6 BP 219 EP 223 DI 10.1002/star.19920440605 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JA920 UT WOS:A1992JA92000004 ER PT J AU AUSTIN, RL BOLOGNA, M DODGE, HH AF AUSTIN, RL BOLOGNA, M DODGE, HH TI SEX-ROLE CHANGE, ANOMIE AND FEMALE SUICIDE - A TEST OF ALTERNATIVE DURKHEIMIAN EXPLANATIONS SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RATES; DIVORCE AB Durkheim's influential book, Suicide, provides general (economic) anomie, conjugal anomie, and sex-role convergence explanations of changes in suicide rates under conditions of social change. We use trend analyses of American suicide rates and female/male suicide ratios from 1950 to 1984 and the regression of the ratios on female educational attainment, white female labor force participation, white fertility rates, and divorce rates to examine these explanations. The general anomie explanation of female suicide trends is supported for the middle-aged (30 to 54 years) but not for the young (10 to 30 years) or the elderly (55 to 74 years). The conjugal anomie proposition is at best supported for age groups between 15 and 44 when general anomie is not pronounced. The role convergence explanation is rejected for all 13 5-year-age-groups. General anomie may not be a viable explanation of suicide trends for groups actively supporting relevant social changes or not yet tradition-bound or for groups whose retirement status reduces the importance of some social changes. C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP AUSTIN, RL (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PD SUM PY 1992 VL 22 IS 2 BP 197 EP 225 PG 29 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA HZ856 UT WOS:A1992HZ85600004 PM 1626333 ER PT J AU FOGLIA, TA SILBERT, LS AF FOGLIA, TA SILBERT, LS TI PREPARATION OF DI-NORMAL-ALKYL PEROXIDES - PHASE-TRANSFER REACTION OF POTASSIUM SUPEROXIDE WITH PRIMARY ALKYL BROMIDES SO SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART LA English DT Note ID HALIDES AB Symmetrical saturated and unsaturated primary dialkyl peroxides 1 were prepared in a phase-transfer reaction by direct action of potassium superoxide, tetraethylammonium bromide and alkyl bromide in dimethylformamide solution. Applicability of the method to the preparation of unsymmetrical dialkyl peroxides was demonstrated by the example of butyl octyl peroxide (2). Yields generally exceeded 80 % for symmetrical dialkyl peroxides with total carbon numbers above 12 carbon atoms. Peroxide content of thc isolated dialkyl peroxides generally exceeded 90 %. RP FOGLIA, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0039-7881 J9 SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART JI Synthesis PD JUN PY 1992 IS 6 BP 545 EP 547 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA HZ057 UT WOS:A1992HZ05700014 ER PT J AU MORRIS, NM TRASKMORRELL, BJ ANDREWS, BAK AF MORRIS, NM TRASKMORRELL, BJ ANDREWS, BAK TI SAFETY OF SODIUM HYPOPHOSPHITE CATALYST UNDER TEXTILE FINISHING CONDITIONS SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE BTCA; CATALYSTS; DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS; DURABLE PRESS; FINISHING; FT-IR; POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS; PHOSPHINE; SODIUM HYPOPHOSPHITE; TGA ID FORMALDEHYDE; COTTON AB The possibility of phosphine formation during durable press finishing of cotton fabrics with polycarboxylic acids and sodium hypophosphite catalyst was investigated under the controlled heating conditions of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The volatile products were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The decomposition products of sodium hypophosphite alone, mixtures of catalyst and acid, and cotton treated with the acid and catalyst were identified. It was found that no phosphine was formed in any of these systems at curing temperatures (160 to 220C). Phosphine was the primary decomposition product of sodium hypophosphite alone at temperatures in excess of 300C and formed in trace amounts in some of the polycarboxylic acid/catalyst mixtures. Phosphine was not a detectable decomposition product for any of the treated fabrics at any of the temperatures studied. RP MORRIS, NM (reprint author), USDA SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 24 IS 6 BP 27 EP 29 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA HX869 UT WOS:A1992HX86900004 ER PT J AU MANGIALARDI, GJ AF MANGIALARDI, GJ TI LINT CLEANING EFFECT ON SEED-COAT FRAGMENT SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN COTTON SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The effect of saw-cylinder lint cleaning at gins on the number, weight, and size of seed-coat fragments in cotton was studied in a three-year investigation. The experimental treatments included zero, one, two, and three stages of lint cleaning. Fragments were sized in ten categories ranging from those with a maximum physical length shorter than 0.4 mm (1/64 in.) to those greater than 6.4 mm (1/4 in.). The study showed that lint cleaning has little effect on the number of fragments in the lint, although it shifts their size distribution toward the smaller fragments. The first and second lint cleaner stages both significantly reduce the weight of fragments present, but more than two lint cleaners are not recommended because of fiber breakage and lint loss attributed to the additional cleaning. RP MANGIALARDI, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US COTTON GINNING LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 62 IS 6 BP 335 EP 340 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA HZ507 UT WOS:A1992HZ50700005 ER PT J AU BERTONIERE, NR KING, WD AF BERTONIERE, NR KING, WD TI PORE STRUCTURE OF COTTON FABRICS CROSS-LINKED WITH FORMALDEHYDE-FREE REAGENTS SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DURABLE PRESS REAGENT; CROSS-LINKED COTTON; GEL PERMEATION; CELLULOSE; DYEABILITY; GLYOXAL; DHDMI AB Pore structures of cotton fabric crosslinked with several formaldehyde-free durable press reagents are elucidated, and results are compared with those for the industry standard, DMDHEU (dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea). The formaldehyde-free reagents were BTCA (butanetetracarboxylic acid), DHDMI (dihydroxydimethylimidazolidinone), and the glyoxal/glycol system; the fabric was an 80 x 80 cotton print-cloth. Treatments were designed to impart the same degree of conditioned wrinkle recovery (WRA) to the fabric. A reverse gel permeation chromatographic technique was used to follow changes in pore size distribution. Columns were prepared by settling water slurries of the ground cotton in a conventional manner. Two series of water soluble solutes, which were series of oligomeric sugars and ethylene glycols, were used to study the elution characteristics of the unmodified and crosslinked samples. Internal structure differences were also elucidated by means of moisture regain, considered to be a measure of the internal surface of the cotton fiber in the conditioned state, and water of imbibition, a measure of internal volume in the water-swollen state. Formaldehyde-free crosslinking reagents effect a lower level of collapse of the internal pore structure of the cotton fiber than does DMDHEU at generally comparable levels of resilience. RP BERTONIERE, NR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 62 IS 6 BP 349 EP 356 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA HZ507 UT WOS:A1992HZ50700007 ER PT J AU BITTEL, DC GUSTAFSON, JP AF BITTEL, DC GUSTAFSON, JP TI DOSAGE RESPONSE OF RYE GENES IN A WHEAT BACKGROUND .2. SECALIN GENES ON 1RS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; SECALE-CEREALE; ALIEN GENE EXPRESSION; ENDOSPERM PROTEIN ID ENDOSPERM PROTEINS; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; CHROMOSOMES AB A series of hexaploid wheat lines containing zero, two or four doses of rye chromosome arm 1RS was used to investigate the response to changes in dosage by the rye genes when in a wheat background. The quantity of protein produced by the secalin protein genes contained on 1RS was directly related to the number of copies of 1RS present in the line. No response could be detected by representative wheat proteins suggesting that the increase in secalin protein observed was due to an increase in mRNA produced when four copies of the secalin gene was present. These results suggest that increasing the dosage of alien genes introgressed into wheat may be a useful tool for enhancing their expression. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA JC070 UT WOS:A1992JC07000001 PM 24203020 ER PT J AU SCHAEFFER, GW SHARPE, FT DUDLEY, JT AF SCHAEFFER, GW SHARPE, FT DUDLEY, JT TI RICE PROTEIN MUTANT EXPRESSED IN LIQUID SUSPENSION-CULTURES - CHITINASES, BETA-GLUCANASES AND OTHER PROTEINS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE LYSINE; RICE; MUTANT; PROTEIN; BETA-GLUCANASES ID PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; BETA-1,3-GLUCANASE; LYSINE AB A rice mutant with unique protein expression/transport properties has been established as cells in liquid suspension and partially characterized. Mutants were originally recovered from anther calli grown for three cycles at inhibitory levels of lysine + threonine and one cycle of S-(2-aminoethyl)cysteine. Cell suspension cultures were started from high lysine-containing seeds regenerated from the inhibitor selections. Cultures of the mutant produce 2 times as much protein per unit weight as is produced by the control. Significant portions of the proteins are exported from the cells into the surrounding medium. The mutant also has 20% greater lysine content in the exported protein than the control. This cell suspension line should be particularly useful for biochemical and molecular studies on protein synthesis and processing phenomena in cereals. RP SCHAEFFER, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC W,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BLDG 006,ROOM 100A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 26 EP 32 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA JC070 UT WOS:A1992JC07000005 PM 24203024 ER PT J AU KNERR, LD STAUB, JE AF KNERR, LD STAUB, JE TI INHERITANCE AND LINKAGE RELATIONSHIPS OF ISOZYME LOCI IN CUCUMBER (CUCUMIS-SATIVUS L) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE CUCUMBER; GENE MAPPING; ISOZYMES; SEGREGATION; STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS ID GENETIC-LINKAGE; INTERSPECIFIC BACKCROSS; ALLOZYME; TOMATO; SELECTION; LINES; MAP AB Genetic analyses were conducted among 18 provisionary isozyme loci in Cucumis sativus L. Fourteen loci demonstrated simple Mendelian inheritance while observed variation at four loci (Gpi2, Gr2, Pgm3, Skdh2) was determined not to have a predictable genetic basis. Joint segregation analyses among the 14 genetically predictable polymorphic loci resulted in the assignment of 12 loci to four linkage groups. Linkage groups contain the following loci: (1) Gr1, Pgm1, Idh, Pgd1; (2) Pep-pap, Mdh2, Mdh3, Gpit1; (3) Pep-la, Per4; (4) Pgd2, G2dh. Mpi2 and Mdh1 segregated independently. Recombination fractions for linked loci ranged between 0.051 (Pgm1-Idh) to 0.385 (Pep-la-Per4). Some practical applications of isozyme marker loci for cucumer improvement are discussed. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 56 TC 36 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 217 EP 224 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA JC070 UT WOS:A1992JC07000031 PM 24203050 ER PT J AU WISE, T MACDONALD, GJ KLINDT, J FORD, JJ AF WISE, T MACDONALD, GJ KLINDT, J FORD, JJ TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THYMIC WEIGHT AND THYMIC PEPTIDE THYMOSIN-BETA-4 - EFFECTS OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY, SEX, AND NEONATAL SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION SO THYMUS LA English DT Article DE THYMOSIN; THYMUS; SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION; HYPOPHYSECTOMY ID LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; RAT THYMUS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; STEROIDS; SECRETION; BINDING; MACROPHAGES; LYMPHOCYTES; MODULATION; EXPRESSION AB An initial experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of hypophysectomy (Days 5-30 post hypophysectomy) on thymic weight and thymosin-beta-4 concentrations. After hypophysectomy, thymic weight and thymosin-beta-4 concentrations decreased with time (5, 10, 15, and 30 days post hypophysectomy) and by 30 days post hypophysectomy were reduced by 50%. Exp. II investigated the effects of early sexual differentiation on thymic weight and thymosin-beta-4 concentrations in pituitary intact and hypophysectomized male, female, nonmasculinized rats (via castration of males at Day 2 or 11 of age and androgenized female (at Day 3 of age) rats. Rats were hypophysectomized at 30 days of age and, at 17 days post hypophysectomy, the thymus gland was dissected and weighed. Serum was collected for thymosin-beta-4 analysis. At 47 days of age, males have a greater thymic weight when compared to females (p < 0.01) but hypophysectomy eliminated any sex differences and significantly reduced thymic weights (p < 0.05). Hypophysectomy did produce increased thymosin-beta-4 concentrations across all treatments (p < 0.01) and is considered to be a combination response of decreased gonadal function via lack of pituitary hormonal stimulation (luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone) and lack of gonadotrophic effects on the thymus gland and its secretory capacity. Hypophysectomized males and Day-2 castrate males had increased thymosin-beta-4 concentrations when compared to hypophysectomized females and neonatally androgenized females (p < 0.05). Differences of thymic weights between male and female rats during prepubertal development are probably related more to presence or absence of gonads, gonadal steroids, and response of the thymus to pituitary secretagogues rather than to neonatal sexual differentiation of thymic function and secretion of thymosin-beta-4. C1 ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,DEPT ANAT,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08854. RP WISE, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-6090 J9 THYMUS JI Thymus PD JUN PY 1992 VL 19 IS 4 BP 235 EP 244 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA HX791 UT WOS:A1992HX79100004 PM 1626338 ER PT J AU RILEY, RT GOEGER, DE YOO, H SHOWKER, JL AF RILEY, RT GOEGER, DE YOO, H SHOWKER, JL TI COMPARISON OF 3 TETRAMIC ACIDS AND THEIR ABILITY TO ALTER MEMBRANE-FUNCTION IN CULTURED SKELETAL-MUSCLE CELLS AND SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM VESICLES SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; TENUAZONIC ACID; ION CHANNELS; CA-2+-ATPASE; TOXICITY; CALCIUM; BINDING; ATPASE; PROBES C1 UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT PREVENT MED & COMMUNITY HLTH,GALVESTON,TX 77550. RP RILEY, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 114 IS 2 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.1016/0041-008X(92)90076-5 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA HY258 UT WOS:A1992HY25800011 PM 1609418 ER PT J AU TYREE, MT ALEXANDER, J MACHADO, JL AF TYREE, MT ALEXANDER, J MACHADO, JL TI LOSS OF HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY DUE TO WATER-STRESS IN INTACT JUVENILES OF QUERCUS-RUBRA AND POPULUS-DELTOIDES SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Despite many studies of the percent loss of hydraulic conductivity in excised branches, there is doubt as to whether cutting stems in air introduces unnatural embolism into the xylem at the cut surface. To address this question, hydraulic conductivity was measured in seedlings of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and rooted scions of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.) that had been droughted in pots. Results indicate that in situ dehydration produced a very similar vulnerability curve (% loss of conductivity versus water potential) to those previously obtained by bench-top dehydration of excised branches of eastern cottonwood and red oak. In eastern cottonwood cuttings, conductivity loss increased sharply below water potentials of -1.0 MPa, with 100% loss of conductivity occurring by -2.0 MPa, whereas conductivity loss in red oak seedlings was more gradual, i.e., increasing below -1.5 MPa and sustaining 100% loss of conductivity by about -4.0 MPa. RP TYREE, MT (reprint author), NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,POB 968,BURLINGTON,VT 05402, USA. NR 0 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 10 IS 4 BP 411 EP 415 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA HY456 UT WOS:A1992HY45600008 ER PT J AU MASSICOTTE, HB MELVILLE, LH LI, CY PETERSON, RL AF MASSICOTTE, HB MELVILLE, LH LI, CY PETERSON, RL TI STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF DOUGLAS-FIR [PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII (MIRB.) FRANCO] TUBERCULATE ECTOMYCORRHIZAE SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE PSEUDOTSUGA; TUBERCLES; ECTOMYCORRHIZA; CALCIUM OXALATE; BACTERIA AB Tubercles of Pseudotsuga menziesii consisted of clusters of ectomycorrhizae surrounded by a peridium-like rind. Energy dispersive spectroscopy demonstrated that crystals found in the zone of loose hyphae extending from the inner rind to the mantle of each root probably contain calcium oxalate. Inner mantle and Hartig net hyphae showed a labyrinthine branching pattern and stored carbohydrates and protein. The Hartig net formed up to inner cortical cells which had thickened, darkly stained walls. Bacteria were located either along with hyphae within the rind or as colonies on the surface of the tubercle. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 6 IS 3 BP 137 EP 146 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JB101 UT WOS:A1992JB10100004 ER PT J AU LOPUSHINSKY, W ZABOWSKI, D ANDERSON, TD AF LOPUSHINSKY, W ZABOWSKI, D ANDERSON, TD TI EARLY SURVIVAL AND HEIGHT GROWTH OF DOUGLAS-FIR AND LODGEPOLE PINE-SEEDLINGS AND VARIATIONS IN SITE FACTORS FOLLOWING TREATMENT OF LOGGING RESIDUES SO USDA FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE DOUGLAS-FIR; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; LODGEPOLE PINE; PINUS-CONTORTA; RESIDUE TREATMENT; REFORESTATION; SOIL NUTRIENTS; SEEDLING MICROCLIMATE AB Logging residues were broadcast burned, piled and burned, removed, or left in place after clearcutting in a high-elevation subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.)-lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) forest in north-central Washington. Survival, height growth and foliar nutrient content of planted Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) and lodgepole pine seedlings, variations in soil factors (nutrients, temperature, moisture, and compaction), and air temperature were compared for four residue treatments. First- and second-year survival of seedlings planted with a power auger was similar for all residue treatments. During the first growing season, little height growth occurred, and height growth was similar for all residue treatments, probably because of transplant shock. Second-year height growth increased greatly, with the most growth occurring on the burned treatments and the least occurring on the slash-left treatment. Levels of foliar nutrients generally were similar for all residue treatments for both species at the end of the second growing season, but in Douglas-fir, the highest levels of nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) occurred in the pile-burned treatments. Extractable soil nutrients initially increased with both burn treatments, but returned to levels similar to those in other treatments and the surrounding forest soil within 3 years. Twenty-seven percent of Douglas-fir seedlings and 31 percent of lodgepole pine seedlings had terminal shoots or whole tops that had been chewed off during the first year in the slash-left treatment. No damage occurred in the other treatments. Seasonal trends of air and soil temperature were similar for all residue treatments, but during summer, highest afternoon air temperatures occurred in the slash-left treatment. Soil temperature (at 20 cm) in the slash-left treatment during summer remained at 10-degrees-C compared to 14.5-degrees-C in the other treatments. Soil moisture levels remained high throughout the growing season. These results indicate that for the type of high-elevation forest studied, broadcast burning of residues resulted in the best performance of planted seedlings for the first 2 years after residue treatment. RP LOPUSHINSKY, W (reprint author), PACIFIC NW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,1133 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU USDA FOR SERV PNW RES STN PI PORTLAND PA 333 SW FIRST AVE, PO BOX 3890, PUBLICATIONS DEPT, PORTLAND, OR 97208 SN 0882-5165 J9 USDA FOR SERV PNW RE JI USDA For. Serv. Pac. Northwest Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD JUN PY 1992 IS 451 BP U1 EP 22 PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JJ365 UT WOS:A1992JJ36500001 ER PT J AU COE, NE FRANK, DE WOOD, RL ROTH, JA AF COE, NE FRANK, DE WOOD, RL ROTH, JA TI ALTERATION OF NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION IN BCG-TREATED AND NONTREATED SWINE AFTER EXPOSURE TO SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIPID-A; INFECTION; STIMULATION; CHEMOTAXIS; RESISTANCE; CATTLE; VIRUS; PIGS AB Salmonella typhimurium infection in swine causes an enterocolitis followed by a persistent carrier state, but little is known about the mechanisms that allow this organism to colonize and persist in host tissues. Neutrophils provide a first line of defense against invading pathogens such as Salmonella typhimurium. The purpose of this study was to evaluate porcine neutrophil function after in vivo exposure to Salmonella and to determine if the immunomodulator, bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), exerts any effect on neutrophil function or on the colonization and persistence of S. typhimurium in the pig. Compared to negative controls, neutrophils from pigs exposed to S. typhimurium exhibited significantly decreased iodination, cytochrome-C reduction, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, random migration, and chemotaxis (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05). Neutrophil bactericidal activity against S. typhimurium was significantly enhanced. Most of the significant differences were noted in the first two days after exposure to Salmonella. Often the functional alterations were biphasic, peaking again 7-10 days after exposure. BCG alone significantly depressed random migration and cytochrome-C reduction in unstimulated neutrophils. The clinical course, colonization pattern, and persistence of Salmonella were similar between pigs receiving BCG and untreated pigs. These data suggest that S. typhimurium infection causes a depression in oxidative metabolism and motility, yet an increase in overall bactericidal activity against S. typhimurium in circulating porcine neutrophils. It also appears that BCG treatment, as reported here, does not enhance resistance of pigs to S. typhimurium colonization or reduce the number of persistent organisms in the porcine ileum. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. RI Roth, James/A-7122-2009 OI Roth, James/0000-0003-3562-668X NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 33 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 50 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(92)90033-M PG 14 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA JB619 UT WOS:A1992JB61900004 PM 1321531 ER PT J AU BOSWORTH, BT HARP, JA AF BOSWORTH, BT HARP, JA TI EVIDENCE FOR CONSERVATION OF PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTE HOMING RECEPTORS BETWEEN THE BOVINE, MURINE AND HUMAN SPECIES SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ENDOTHELIAL VENULES; PROTEIN KINASE-C; CELL-SURFACE; MOLECULAR MECHANISMS; LECTIN DOMAIN; HUMAN HOMOLOG; BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; RECIRCULATION; NODES AB In rodents and humans, lymphocytes circulate throughout the body and return preferentially to their tissues of origin via a process termed homing. The specificity of homing is controlled by the binding of tissue-specific receptors on lymphocytes to ligands on specialized high-walled endothelial venules (HEV) found in lymphoid tissue. The murine and human peripheral lymphocyte homing receptors (PLHR) have been characterized and shown to be similar to each other. We present evidence for a similar receptor in the bovine. Bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) bind to the HEV of murine peripheral lymph node tissue in vitro. The same sugars that have been shown to decrease the binding of murine or human lymphocytes to murine HEV also decrease the binding of bovine PBL to murine HEV. Neuraminidase treatment affects lymphocyte binding in a similar manner in the bovine. murine and human species. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation, which has been shown to reduce the expression of murine and human PLHR, also reduces the binding of bovine PBL to murine HEV. These data suggest conservation of PLHR between these species. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 33 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(92)90036-P PG 10 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA JB619 UT WOS:A1992JB61900007 PM 1632082 ER PT J AU THURSTON, JR RIMLER, RB ACKERMANN, MR CHEVILLE, NF AF THURSTON, JR RIMLER, RB ACKERMANN, MR CHEVILLE, NF TI USE OF RATS TO COMPARE ATROPHIC RHINITIS VACCINES FOR PROTECTION AGAINST EFFECTS OF HEAT-LABILE PROTEIN TOXIN PRODUCED BY PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA SEROGROUP-D SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRONCHISEPTICA; VACCINATION; PIGS AB Four bacterin-toxoid and three bacterin commercial vaccines against atrophic rhinitis were tested in rats for their capacity to immunize against the lethal and systemic effects of purified heat-labile protein toxin (D-toxin) produced by Pasteurella multocida serogroup D. Only one bacterin-toxoid vaccine stimulated sufficient immunity to prevent the death of all rats challenged with D-toxin. None of the vaccines prevented weight loss, leukocytosis or increases in serum complement titers in rats challenged with D-toxin. Rats provide an inexpensive animal model for testing the capacity of vaccines to generate antitoxic immunity against the lethal and systemic effects of D-toxin. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. RP THURSTON, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AVIAN DIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 33 IS 1-2 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(92)90042-O PG 8 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA JB619 UT WOS:A1992JB61900013 PM 1632076 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP GAMBLE, HR RODRIGUES, AO THULLIEZ, P AF DUBEY, JP GAMBLE, HR RODRIGUES, AO THULLIEZ, P TI PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES TO TOXOPLASMA-GONDII AND TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS IN 509 PIGS FROM 31 FARMS IN OAHU, HAWAII SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXCRETORY-SECRETORY ANTIGEN; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SWINE TRICHINOSIS; SLAUGHTERHOUSES; DIAGNOSIS; PORK AB Serum samples from 509 pigs from 31 farms in Oahu, Hawaii were examined for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii using the agglutination test in dilutions of 1 : 25, 1 : 50, and 1 : 500 and for Trichinella spiralis using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were found in 48.5% of pigs. Antibody titers were: 5.1% positive at 1 : 25 dilution, 28.6% positive at 1 : 50 dilution and 14.7% positive at 1 : 500 dilution. The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in garbage-fed pigs (67.3% of 199 pigs) was higher than in grain-fed pigs (33.8% of 180 pigs). Antibodies to Trichinella spiralis were found on seven of 31 farms. On five of these farms only a single serum was positive for Trichinella spiralis antibodies. The two remaining farms each had three positive sera (three of ten and three of 25 pigs tested); both of these farms fed garbage to pigs. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA,DIV ANIM IND,STATE VET LAB,AIEA,HI 96701. INST PUERICULTURE PARIS,SEROL & RECH TOXOPLASMOSE LAB,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(92)90048-E PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA JB629 UT WOS:A1992JB62900006 PM 1496803 ER PT J AU HARMELIN, A DUBEY, JP YAKOBSON, B NYSKA, A ORGAD, U AF HARMELIN, A DUBEY, JP YAKOBSON, B NYSKA, A ORGAD, U TI CONCURRENT HEPATOZOON-CANIS AND TOXOPLASMA-GONDII INFECTIONS IN A DOG SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID DIAGNOSIS AB A female 1-year-old dog died suddenly and was submitted for necropsy. Numerous grey-tan-colored nodules were seen in the lungs, brain and lymph nodes. Microscopically, the predominant lesion was necrosis associated with numerous Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. The parasites reacted positively with anti-T. gondii serum in an immunohistochemical test. Schizonts of Hepatozoon canis were seen in sections of lymph nodes and the spleen. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. KIMRON VET INST,DEPT PATHOL,REHOVOT,ISRAEL. KORET SCH VET MED,REHOVOT,ISRAEL. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 136 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(92)90055-E PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA JB629 UT WOS:A1992JB62900013 PM 1496795 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP JANOVITZ, EB SKOWRONEK, AJ AF DUBEY, JP JANOVITZ, EB SKOWRONEK, AJ TI CLINICAL NEOSPOROSIS IN A 4-WEEK-OLD HEREFORD CALF SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID NEWBORN CALVES; CANINUM; INFECTION; MYELITIS AB Most reports of neosporosis associated with abortion in cattle are in dairy cattle and infected calves do not survive beyond 7 days of age. This paper reports neosporosis in a 4-week-old Hereford calf. The calf was full term and appeared clinically normal at birth. At 2 weeks of age, the calf had weakened and was unable to nurse unassisted. The calf was killed at 4 weeks because of paralysis. The primary lesions were in the brain and were associated with Neospora caninum tachyzoites. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining with anti-Neospora rabbit serum. C1 PURDUE UNIV,ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 43 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 141 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(92)90056-F PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA JB629 UT WOS:A1992JB62900014 PM 1496796 ER PT J AU YANG, YY JOHNSON, TM MECHAM, JO TAM, JP LI, JKK AF YANG, YY JOHNSON, TM MECHAM, JO TAM, JP LI, JKK TI EPITOPIC MAPPING OF LINEAR AND CONFORMATION-DEPENDENT ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS ON GP5 OF 5 UNITED-STATES BLUETONGUE VIRUSES SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CAPSID PROTEIN; PEPTIDE SYSTEM; SEROTYPE-1; VP5; REVEALS C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,MOLEC BIOL PROGRAM,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,LOGAN,UT 84322. USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82071. ROCKEFELLER UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RI Tam, James/A-2176-2011 OI Tam, James/0000-0003-4433-198X NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN PY 1992 VL 188 IS 2 BP 530 EP 536 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90507-L PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA HU511 UT WOS:A1992HU51100013 PM 1374982 ER PT J AU KONISHI, E PINCUS, S PAOLETTI, E SHOPE, RE BURRAGE, T MASON, PW AF KONISHI, E PINCUS, S PAOLETTI, E SHOPE, RE BURRAGE, T MASON, PW TI MICE IMMUNIZED WITH A SUBVIRAL PARTICLE CONTAINING THE JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS PRM/M AND E-PROTEINS ARE PROTECTED FROM LETHAL JEV INFECTION SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT VACCINIA VIRUS; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN-NS1; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; DENGUE; EXPRESSION; GLYCOPROTEIN; ANTIGENS; CELLS; NS1 C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,YALE ARBOVIRUS RES UNIT,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. VIROGENET CORP,TROY,NY 12180. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI10987-17] NR 35 TC 143 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN PY 1992 VL 188 IS 2 BP 714 EP 720 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90526-U PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA HU511 UT WOS:A1992HU51100032 PM 1585642 ER PT J AU MASSMAN, WJ AF MASSMAN, WJ TI A SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE METHOD FOR PARTITIONING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION DATA INTO PLANT AND SOIL COMPONENTS FOR A SURFACE WITH PARTIAL CANOPY COVER SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR TRANSFER; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; HEAT-TRANSFER; EVAPORATION; MODEL; TRANSPIRATION; COEFFICIENTS; EXCHANGE; LAYER AB An objective, data-based method for partitioning evapotranspiration (ET) measurements into soil and plant contributions is proposed and applied to a semiarid shortgrass steppe site in northeastern Colorado. This method requires fairly standard micrometeorological/surface energy balance measurements and relies on a two-source Penman-Monteith model of ET and a submodel (proposed and developed in this study) that relates the soil evaporation resistance to the soil Bowen ratio. Assuming that these soil parameters do not vary much during any given day, their daily values are determined by an optimization procedure which exploits the diurnal change in the meteorological data. Once the soil resistance and soil Bowen ratio are determined, the available energy and the ET data are partitioned into soil and plant components and then the canopy resistance and the within-canopy aerodynamic resistance (herein referred to as the subcanopy resistance) are determined. Comparisons between the present results and other observations made in the shortgrass steppe ecosystem provide support for the validity of the present methods. RP MASSMAN, WJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 43 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1723 EP 1732 DI 10.1029/92WR00217 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA HX309 UT WOS:A1992HX30900020 ER PT J AU BABIKER, AGT PARKER, C SUTTLE, JC AF BABIKER, AGT PARKER, C SUTTLE, JC TI INDUCTION OF STRIGA SEED-GERMINATION BY THIDIAZURON SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ETHYLENE AB Thidiazuron at 0.1 to 10 mg l-1 induced concurrent germination and haustorium initiation in Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze and S. hermonthica (Del.) Benth, but it had no effects on S. gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke. Both millet and sorghum strains of S. hermonthica were equally responsive. The response of Striga seeds to thidiazuron increased with conditioning. Early applications of the compound induced some germination, but had adverse effects on the conditioning process. C1 USDA ARS,METAB & RADIAT RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP BABIKER, AGT (reprint author), AGR RES CORP,POB 126,WAD MADANI,SUDAN. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD JUN PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.1992.tb01883.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA HY425 UT WOS:A1992HY42500011 ER PT J AU MALONEY, PC ANANTHARAM, V ALLISON, MJ AF MALONEY, PC ANANTHARAM, V ALLISON, MJ TI MEASUREMENT OF THE SUBSTRATE DISSOCIATION-CONSTANT OF A SOLUBILIZED MEMBRANE CARRIER - SUBSTRATE STABILIZATION OF OXLT, THE ANION-EXCHANGE PROTEIN OF OXALOBACTER-FORMIGENES SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RECONSTITUTION; TRANSPORT; PERMEASE AB OxlT, a secondary carrier found in Oxalobacter formigenes, mediates the exchange of divalent oxalate and monovalent formate. Because OxlT has an unusually high turnover number (greater-than-or-equal-to 1000/s), and because formate, one its substrates, shows high passive membrane permeability as formic acid, it has been difficult to obtain information on protein-substrate interactions using traditional methods in membrane biology. For this reason, we devised a new way to measure substrate dissociation constants. Detergent-solubilized material was exposed to inactivating temperatures in the absence or presence of OxlT substrates, and periodic reconstitution was used to monitor the kinetics of thermal decay. The data were consistent with a simple scheme in which only unliganded OxlT was temperature-sensitive; this premise, along with the assumption of equilibrium between liganded and unliganded species, allowed calculation of substrate dissociation constants for oxalate (18 +/- 3-mu-M), malonate (1.2 +/- 0.2 mm), and formate (3.1 +/- 0.6 mM). Further analysis revealed that substrate binding energy contributed at least 3.5 kcal/mol to stabilization of solubilized OxlT. Accordingly, we suggest that substrate binding energy is directly involved in driving protein structure reorganization during membrane transport. This new approach to analyzing protein-substrate interactions may have wider application in the study of membrane carriers. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP MALONEY, PC (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 24195] NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 25 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 15 BP 10531 EP 10536 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HV090 UT WOS:A1992HV09000049 PM 1587833 ER PT J AU RUAN, ZS ANANTHARAM, V CRAWFORD, IT AMBUDKAR, SV RHEE, SY ALLISON, MJ MALONEY, PC AF RUAN, ZS ANANTHARAM, V CRAWFORD, IT AMBUDKAR, SV RHEE, SY ALLISON, MJ MALONEY, PC TI IDENTIFICATION, PURIFICATION, AND RECONSTITUTION OF OXLT, THE OXALATE - FORMATE ANTIPORT PROTEIN OF OXALOBACTER-FORMIGENES SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAT-LIVER MITOCHONDRIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TRANSPORT-SYSTEM; DNA-SEQUENCE; CARRIER PROTEIN; DILUTE-SOLUTION; PROTON SYMPORT; GENE; MEMBRANE AB We had proposed earlier that the anaerobe Oxalobacter formigenes sustains a proton-motive force by exploiting a secondary carrier rather than a primary proton pump. In this view, a carrier protein would catalyze the exchange of extracellular oxalate, a divalent anion, and intracellular formate, the monovalent product of oxalate decarboxylation. Such an electrogenic exchange develops an internally negative membrane potential, and since the decarboxylation reaction consumes an internal proton, the combined activity of the carrier and the soluble decarboxylase would constitute an "indirect" proton pump with a stoichiometry of 1H+ per turnover. This model is now verified by identification and purification of OxlT, the protein responsible for the anion exchange reaction. Membranes of O. formigenes were solubilized at pH 7 with 1.25% octyl glucoside in 20 mm 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid/K, in the presence of 0.4% Escherichia coli phospholipids and with 20% glycerol present as the osmolyte stabilant. Rapid methods for reconstitution were developed to monitor the distribution of OxlT during biochemical fractionation, allowing its purification by sequential anion and cation exchange chromatography. OxlT proved to be a single hydrophobic polypeptide, of 38 kDa mobility during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with a turnover number estimated as at least 1000/s. The properties of OxlT point to an indirect proton pump as the mechanism by which a proton-motive force arises in O. formigenes, and one may reasonably argue that indirect proton pumps take part in bacterial events such as acetogenesis, malolactate fermentation, and perhaps methanogenesis. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV NEPHROL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP RUAN, ZS (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. RI Ambudkar, Suresh/B-5964-2008 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM24195] NR 48 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 25 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 15 BP 10537 EP 10543 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HV090 UT WOS:A1992HV09000050 PM 1587834 ER PT J AU SCHIEBE, FR HARRINGTON, JA RITCHIE, JC AF SCHIEBE, FR HARRINGTON, JA RITCHIE, JC TI REMOTE-SENSING OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS - THE LAKE CHICOT, ARKANSAS PROJECT SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER; LANDSAT DATA; MISSISSIPPI AB Landsat-MSS satellite data and corresponding water quality measurements of suspended sediment concentration for Lake Chicot, Arkansas, were used to evaluate several possible models for the relation between these two data types. Satellite data were converted to physical values of radiance and reflectance using both the NASA standard curve and the spectrum recommended by the World Radiation Center. Incorporation of an orbital eccentricity correction factor into the computation of solar spectral irradiance was also tested. Results of the analyses, which involved 310 observations suggest that a theoretically-derived expontential curve best characterizes the relation between exo-atmospheric reflectance and suspended sediment concentration. Based on the strength of the model relations and the range of data tested, it is concluded that temporal and spatial variability in the concentration of suspended sediments within lakes and reservoirs can be inventoried and monitored from space-based sensor systems. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SCHIEBE, FR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 42 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD MAY 20 PY 1992 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1487 EP 1509 PG 23 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA HU425 UT WOS:A1992HU42500006 ER PT J AU WIEGAND, CL EVERITT, JH RICHARDSON, AJ AF WIEGAND, CL EVERITT, JH RICHARDSON, AJ TI COMPARISON OF MULTISPECTRAL VIDEO AND SPOT-1 HRV OBSERVATIONS FOR COTTON AFFECTED BY SOIL-SALINITY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA; IMAGERY; VEGETATION; YIELD; DISCRIMINATION; MANAGEMENT; INDEXES AB A 15-ha field of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with an erratic pattern of soil salinity was overflown twice during the 1989 growing season with each of two sensor systems, a multispectral videography system and the High Resolution Visible (HRV) scanner of tbc French polar-orbiting satellite SPOT. The objectives were to compare the responses of the two sensor systems and to relate vegetation indices calculated from them to plant cover and lint yield (kg ha-1) observations for 36 sites located at the intersections of a square 60-m grid laid off in the field. The range in responses, expressed as digital counts, was much greater for the video than for the HRV. For paired dates of acquisitions, the agreement between near-infrared and red bands between systems was almost as good as within systems. Yield and plant cover could also be estimated about equally well from vegetation indices calculated from both systems. Consequently, it is concluded that the video observations provided essentially the same information as SPOT-1 HRV observations and could be_used in lieu of, or to supplement, SPOT observations. Videography could also be used to obtain high resolution samples within Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) and NOAA AVHRR scenes or to augment those coverages. RP WIEGAND, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING UNIT,2413 E BUSINESS HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD MAY 20 PY 1992 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1511 EP 1525 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA HU425 UT WOS:A1992HU42500007 ER PT J AU ZIEGLER, TR YOUNG, LS BENFELL, K SCHELTINGA, M HORTOS, K BYE, R MORROW, FD JACOBS, DO SMITH, RJ ANTIN, JH WILMORE, DW AF ZIEGLER, TR YOUNG, LS BENFELL, K SCHELTINGA, M HORTOS, K BYE, R MORROW, FD JACOBS, DO SMITH, RJ ANTIN, JH WILMORE, DW TI CLINICAL AND METABOLIC EFFICACY OF GLUTAMINE-SUPPLEMENTED PARENTERAL-NUTRITION AFTER BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION - A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, CONTROLLED-STUDY SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; GLUTAMINE; PARENTERAL NUTRITION; COST CONTROL ID RAT SKELETAL-MUSCLE; NITROGEN-BALANCE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INTESTINAL-MUCOSA; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; RECIPIENTS; COMPLICATIONS; SURGERY; HYPERALIMENTATION AB Objective: To determine whether glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition improves nitrogen retention and reduces hospital morbidity compared with standard parenteral nutrition after bone marrow transplantation. Design: Double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Setting: University teaching hospital. Patients: Forty-five adults receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplants for hematologic malignancies. Intervention: Parenteral nutrition was initiated the day after bone marrow transplantation (day 1). The experimental solution was supplemented with L-glutamine (0.57 g/kg body weight per day) and provided estimated requirements for energy and protein. The control solution was a standard, glutamine-free, isonitrogenous, isocaloric formula. Measurements: Nitrogen balance was determined between days 4 and 11 in the initial 23 patients. The incidence of clinical infection and microbial colonization, time until bone marrow engraftment, indices of clinical care, and other data related to hospital morbidity were recorded for all patients. Results: The glutamine-supplemented patients (n = 24) were clinically similar to the controls (n = 21) at entrY. Nutrient intake was similar in both groups; however, nitrogen balance was improved in the glutamine-supplemented patients relative to the controls (- 1.4 +/- 0.5 g/d compared with - 4.2 +/- 1.2; P = 0.002). Fewer experimental patients developed clinical infection (three compared with nine in the control group; P = 0.041), and the incidence of microbial colonization was also significantly reduced. Hospital stay was shortened in patients receiving glutamine supplementation (29 +/-1 d compared with 36 +/- 2 d; P = 0.017). Conclusion: Patients receiving glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition after bone marrow transplantation had improved nitrogen balance, a diminished incidence of clinical infection, lower rates of microbial colonization, and shortened hospital stay compared with patients receiving standard parenteral nutrition. These effects occurred despite no differences between groups in the incidence of fever, antibiotic requirements, or time to neutrophil engraftment. C1 BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DEPT SURG,75 FRANCIS ST,BOSTON,MA 02115. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV DIABET & METAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. JOSLIN DIABET CTR,BOSTON,MA 02215. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,SURG METAB & NUTR LAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV HEMATOL & ONCOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. FREE UNIV AMSTERDAM,DEPT SURG,1081 HV AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. MT CLEMENS GEN HOSP,DEPT MED,MT CLEMENS,MI 48062. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 39542]; NIGMS NIH HHS [5P50 GM36428] NR 52 TC 525 Z9 537 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAY 15 PY 1992 VL 116 IS 10 BP 821 EP 828 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA HT802 UT WOS:A1992HT80200006 PM 1567096 ER PT J AU DICKENS, JC BILLINGS, RF PAYNE, TL AF DICKENS, JC BILLINGS, RF PAYNE, TL TI GREEN LEAF VOLATILES INTERRUPT AGGREGATION PHEROMONE RESPONSE IN BARK BEETLES INFESTING SOUTHERN PINES SO EXPERIENTIA LA English DT Article DE INHIBITOR; ANTIAGGREGATION PHEROMONE; BARK BEETLE; GREEN LEAF VOLATILE; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; IPS-AVULSUS; IPS-GRANDICOLLIS ID BEHAVIORAL CHEMICALS; HOST PLANT; IPS-PINI; IDENTIFICATION; FLY AB Green leaf volatiles were shown to interrupt responses to aggregation pheromones of three species of bark beetles (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) which infest pines in the southern United States [the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.; the four-spined engraver, Ips avulsus (Eichhoff); and the five-spined engraver, Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff)]. The order of effectiveness of the compounds tested for each species was hexanal > hexanal + hexan-1-ol > hexan-1-ol. Neither hexanal, hexan-1-ol nor hexanal + hexan-1-ol was as effective in interrupting pheromone responses of D. frontalis as verbenone, a known inhibitor of this species. Other than interspecific chemical signals, this is the first report of an interruptant for Ips species, and the only report of a pheromone interruptant active for both Ips and Dendroctonus species. C1 TEXAS FOREST SERV,PEST CONTROL SECT,LUFKIN,TX 75901. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP DICKENS, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 21 TC 85 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0014-4754 J9 EXPERIENTIA JI Experientia PD MAY 15 PY 1992 VL 48 IS 5 BP 523 EP 524 DI 10.1007/BF01928180 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HX600 UT WOS:A1992HX60000023 ER PT J AU SHUSTER, DE BOSWORTH, BT KEHRLI, ME AF SHUSTER, DE BOSWORTH, BT KEHRLI, ME TI SEQUENCE OF THE BOVINE CD18-ENCODING CDNA - COMPARISON WITH THE HUMAN AND MURINE GLYCOPROTEINS SO GENE LA English DT Note DE INTEGRINS; LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY; ADHESION; DEFICIENCY ID LEUKOCYTE ADHESION MOLECULES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BETA-SUBUNIT; CD11 CD18; DEFICIENCY; IDENTIFICATION; REGION AB The bovine cDNA (CD18) encoding CD18, a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in multiple leukocyte functions, was sequenced and compared with the human and murine sequences. Portions of the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of the nucleotide sequences are conserved among the three species, including a 3' A+T-rich region believed to regulate mRNA stability and translational efficiency. The 2833-bp bovine sequence coded for a protein of 769 amino acids (aa). Overall, the deduced aa sequences were > 80% identical among the three species. The aa 96-389 and those in the cytoplasmic domain were very highly conserved with approx. 95% aa identity. All Cys residues and potential Asn-glycosylation sites present in the bovine sequence were also present in the human and murine sequences. The aa identity was also found in those regions where mutations were found to cause the genetic disease, leukocyte adhesion deficiency. These data identify functionally important regions of the CD18 mRNA and protein. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010. NR 16 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD MAY 15 PY 1992 VL 114 IS 2 BP 267 EP 271 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90586-E PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA HY382 UT WOS:A1992HY38200018 PM 1351021 ER PT J AU ABIDI, SL MOUNTS, TL AF ABIDI, SL MOUNTS, TL TI HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF MOLECULAR-SPECIES OF NEUTRAL PHOSPHOLIPIDS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; BEHAVIOR AB Molecular species of neutral phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), were resolved by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using mobile phases of acetonitrile-methanol-water containing tetraalkylammonium phosphates (TAAPs). Competitive interactions of TAAPs and analyte solutes with a reversed-phase HPLC column resulted in reduced retention of PC or PE with concomitant increase in detection sensitivity. The chromatographic data for PC and PE were distinctly different from those for negatively charged phospholipids where ion-pair retention mechanisms prevailed. While PC (or PE) components eluted at longer retention times with a larger size of TAAP, an increase in the TAAP concentration invariably caused a decrease in phospholipid retention times. Optimization of HPLC conditions by using high concentrations (25-100 mM) of tetra-methylammonium phosphate in acetonitrile-methanol-water (70:22:8) facilitated elution of components with improved peak symmetry. HPLC separations of neutral phospholipids derived from animal sources were more complex than those from soybeans. RP ABIDI, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD MAY 15 PY 1992 VL 598 IS 2 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(92)85050-4 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HW830 UT WOS:A1992HW83000008 PM 1618980 ER PT J AU MIRSKY, ML MORTON, D PIEHL, JW GELBERG, H AF MIRSKY, ML MORTON, D PIEHL, JW GELBERG, H TI MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS INFECTION IN A CAPTIVE HERD OF SIKA-DEER SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE DEER; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS ID TUBERCULOSIS AB Infection with Mycobacterium bovis was diagnosed in a small privately owned herd of Sika deer. After postmortem examination of a deer with progressive pulmonary disease, diagnosis of infection with M bovis was confirmed by bacteriologic culture. The 2 remaining deer in this herd were euthanatized, necropsied, and confirmed to be infected with M bovis. Three cats in contact with the deer were also euthanatized and necropsied. One of these cats had lesions suggestive of mycobacterial infection in the colon and mesenteric lymph nodes. Infection of this cat with M bovis was not confirmed by bacterial culture. Mycobacteriosis, infrequently encountered in clinical veterinary practice, may be confused with disease caused by other infective agents or neoplasia. The zoonotic potential of these bacteria and a recent increase in human tuberculosis warrants continued surveillance of companion and food animal populations for mycobacterial infection. C1 USDA,VET SERV,SPRINGFIELD,IL 62702. RP MIRSKY, ML (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 15 PY 1992 VL 200 IS 10 BP 1540 EP 1542 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA HU580 UT WOS:A1992HU58000029 PM 1612999 ER PT J AU REYMOND, P SHORT, TW BRIGGS, WR POFF, KL AF REYMOND, P SHORT, TW BRIGGS, WR POFF, KL TI LIGHT-INDUCED PHOSPHORYLATION OF A MEMBRANE-PROTEIN PLAYS AN EARLY ROLE IN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION FOR PHOTOTROPISM IN ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE BLUE LIGHT; FLUENCE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; PHOTOTROPIC MUTANTS ID MUTANTS AB Blue light is known to cause rapid phosphorylation of a membrane protein in etiolated seedlings of several plant species, a protein that, at least in etiolated pea seedlings and maize coleoptiles, has been shown to be associated with the plasma membrane. The light-driven phosphorylation has been proposed on the basis of correlative evidence to be an early step in the signal transduction chain for phototropism. In the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant JK224, the sensitivity to blue light for induction of first positive phototropism is known to be 20- to 30-fold lower than in wild type, whereas second positive curvature appears to be normal. While light-induced phosphorylation can be demonstrated in crude membrane preparations from shoots of the mutant, the level of phosphorylation is dramatically lower than in wild type, as is the sensitivity to blue light. Another A. thaliana mutant, JK218, that completely lacks any phototropic responses to up to 2 h of irradiation, shows a normal level of light-induced phosphorylation at saturation. Since its gravitropic sensitivity is normal, it is presumably blocked in some step between photoreception and the confluence of the signal transduction pathways for phototropism and gravitropism. We conclude from mutant JK224 that light-induced phosphorylation plays an early role in the signal transduction chain for phototropism in higher plants. C1 CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON, DEPT PLANT BIOL, 290 PANAMA ST, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. USDA, CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, US DOE, PLANT RES LAB, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. OI Reymond, Philippe/0000-0002-3341-6200 FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DCB-88 19137]; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-FG02-90ER-20021] NR 12 TC 92 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 15 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 10 BP 4718 EP 4721 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.10.4718 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HU977 UT WOS:A1992HU97700102 PM 11537679 ER PT J AU HELM, RF RALPH, J HATFIELD, RD AF HELM, RF RALPH, J HATFIELD, RD TI SYNTHESIS OF FERULOYLATED AND PARA-COUMAROYLATED METHYL GLYCOSIDES SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Note ID CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDES; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; WHEAT INTERNODES; CROSS-LINKING; ETHER LINKAGE; LIGNIN; IDENTIFICATION; ESTERASE; BAGASSE; BAMBOO C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT FORESTRY, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT AGRON, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RP USDA ARS, US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR, 1925 LINDEN DR, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. OI Helm, Richard/0000-0001-5317-0925 NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD MAY 14 PY 1992 VL 229 IS 1 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1016/S0008-6215(00)90492-0 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA HW844 UT WOS:A1992HW84400017 ER PT J AU SALVUCCI, ME CHAVAN, AJ HALEY, BE AF SALVUCCI, ME CHAVAN, AJ HALEY, BE TI IDENTIFICATION OF PEPTIDES FROM THE ADENINE BINDING DOMAINS OF ATP AND AMP IN ADENYLATE KINASE - ISOLATION OF PHOTOAFFINITY-LABELED PEPTIDES BY METAL CHELATE CHROMATOGRAPHY SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SITE; NMR; MECHANISM; 5'-TRIPHOSPHATE; NUCLEOTIDES; COMPLEXES; ENZYME AB Photoaffinity labeling with azidoadenine nucleotides was used to identify peptides from the ATP and AMP binding domains on chicken muscle adenylate kinase. Competition binding studies and enzyme assays showed that the 8-azido analogues of Ap4A and ATP modified only the MgATP2- site of adenylate kinase, whereas the 2-azido analogue of ADP modified the enzyme at both the ATP and AMP sites. The positions of the two nucleotide binding sites on the enzyme were deduced by isolating and sequencing the modified peptides. Photolabeled peptides were isolated by a new procedure that used metal chelate chromatography to affinity purify the photolabeled peptides prior to final purification by reverse-phase HPLC. The sequences of the peptides that were photolabeled with the 8-azido analogues corresponded to residues K28-L44, T153-K166, and T125-E135 of the chicken muscle enzyme. The residues that were present in both tryptic- and Staphylococcus aureus V-8 protease-generated versions of these peptides were assigned to the ATP binding domain on the basis of selective photoaffinity labeling with the 8-azidoadenine analogues. These peptides and an additional peptide corresponding to positions I110-K123 were photolabeled with 2-N3ADP. Since I110-K123 was photolabeled by 2-N3ADP but not by 8-N3Ap4A, it was assigned to the AMP binding domain. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY, LUCILLE PARKER MARKEY CANC CTR, MED CTR, LEXINGTON, KY 40546 USA. UNIV KENTUCKY, COLL PHARM, MED CTR, LEXINGTON, KY 40546 USA. RP UNIV KENTUCKY, USDA ARS, 107-A ANIM PATHOL BLDG, LEXINGTON, KY 40546 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-35766] NR 33 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAY 12 PY 1992 VL 31 IS 18 BP 4479 EP 4487 DI 10.1021/bi00133a014 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA HU223 UT WOS:A1992HU22300014 PM 1581304 ER PT J AU HAWKES, WC KUTNINK, MA AF HAWKES, WC KUTNINK, MA TI HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF SELENOCYSTEINE WITH THE FLUORESCENT REAGENT, N-(IODOACETYLAMINOETHYL)-5-NAPHTHYLAMINE-1-SULFONIC ACID SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; POSTCOLUMN DERIVATIZATION; FLUOROGENIC REAGENT; CONTAINING PROTEINS; THIOLS; PLASMA; RAT; GENE AB The method described is based on derivatization of selenocysteine with N-(iodoacetylaminoethyl)-5-naphthylamine-1-sulfonic acid and responds linearly to selenocysteine spiked into plasma. Recovery is insensitive to inter-individual variation or use of serum versus plasma, but is decreased by hemolysis. The derivative is stable for at least three days. The total imprecision of determinations in plasma was 0.8-2.1% (coefficient of variation) over the range of 6-30-mu-M selenocysteine, with a detection limit of 0.4-mu-M (3 x S.D.). There was no significant interference from plasma thiols. This appears to be the first report of the selective reaction of free selenocysteine with a fluorescent reagent. This simple method works well in plasma and serum and may be adaptable to other types of samples. RP HAWKES, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR-BIOMED JI J. Chromatogr.-Biomed. Appl. PD MAY 8 PY 1992 VL 576 IS 2 BP 263 EP 270 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(92)80200-A PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA HV229 UT WOS:A1992HV22900007 PM 1400714 ER PT J AU RINDERER, TE OLDROYD, BP STELZER, JA BUCO, SM RUBINK, WL AF RINDERER, TE OLDROYD, BP STELZER, JA BUCO, SM RUBINK, WL TI OUT OF AFRICA - HONEY-BEE HYBRIDS - REPLY SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA C1 STAT RESOURCES,BATON ROUGE,LA 70808. USDA ARS,HONEY BEE RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP RINDERER, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL RES LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 8 PY 1992 VL 256 IS 5058 BP 720 EP 721 DI 10.1126/science.256.5058.720 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA HT235 UT WOS:A1992HT23500004 PM 17756443 ER PT J AU SATTER, LD ROFFLER, RE AF SATTER, LD ROFFLER, RE TI UTILIZATION OF PROTEIN BY THE DAIRY-COW - A CITATION-CLASSIC COMMENTARY ON NITROGEN REQUIREMENT AND UTILIZATION IN DAIRY-CATTLE BY SATTER,L.D. AND ROFFLER,R.E. SO CURRENT CONTENTS/AGRICULTURE BIOLOGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article C1 DAIRY NUTR SERV INC,CHANDLER,AZ 85224. RP SATTER, LD (reprint author), USDA,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST SCI INFORM INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3501 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 SN 0090-0508 J9 CC/AGR BIOL ENVIRON PD MAY 4 PY 1992 IS 18 BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA HN600 UT WOS:A1992HN60000001 ER PT J AU BELL, IR MORROW, FD READ, M BERKES, S PERRONE, G AF BELL, IR MORROW, FD READ, M BERKES, S PERRONE, G TI LOW THYROXINE LEVELS IN FEMALE PSYCHIATRIC-INPATIENTS WITH RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY - IMPLICATIONS FOR FOLATE-DEPENDENT METHYLATION SO ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY; FLAVIN ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE; FOLATE; THYROXINE; METHYLATION; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; AFFECTIVE DISORDER ID S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; RED-CELL; DEPRESSION; METABOLISM; CHLORPROMAZINE; HYPOTHYROIDISM; INHIBITION; TRIAL; RAT AB Intermediates in the folate-dependent methylation pathways may play a role in the etiology and treatment of such mental disorders as major depression. These pathways include a step dependent on a riboflavin (B2)-derived coenzyme, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which is reportedly sensitive to thyroid status and to phenothiazine and tricyclic drug exposure. In a sample of 52 male and female acute psychiatric inpatients, 17% (n = 9) showed B2 deficiency (i.e. insufficient FAD activity) on a functional red blood cell enzyme assay, but only one B2-deficient individual showed deficiency in another B-complex vitamin (folate). All patients with B2 deficiency were women, who were also significantly younger than the rest of the sample. The B2-deficient women had significantly lower thyroxine levels, even when controlling for sex and covarying for age. B2-deficient patients exhibited a nonsignificant trend toward more unipolar depression (44% vs 14%), but not toward bipolar or schizophrenic disorders. As in a previous study, drug exposure did not show a relationship to riboflavin deficiency in this sample. The findings suggest that B2 (FAD) activity may serve as a sensitive marker of thyroxine status in certain female psychiatric inpatients and that B2 deficiency may play an etiological role in defects of the methylation pathways in a subset of mentally ill individuals. C1 HARVARD UNIV,MCLEAN HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BELMONT,MA 02178. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP BELL, IR (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,ARIZONA HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PSYCHIAT,1501 N CAMPBELL AVE,ROOM 7429,TUCSON,AZ 85724, USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-690X J9 ACTA PSYCHIAT SCAND JI Acta Psychiatr. Scand. PD MAY PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 360 EP 363 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb10319.x PG 4 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA HT839 UT WOS:A1992HT83900007 PM 1605056 ER PT J AU WIGGEN, R AF WIGGEN, R TI MICHELANGELO, COMPUTER SECURITY, AND THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP WIGGEN, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,INFORMAT STAFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HV278 UT WOS:A1992HV27800001 ER PT J AU ADAMS, S AF ADAMS, S TI THE PERILS OF PULLING WEEDS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP ADAMS, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 4 EP 7 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HV278 UT WOS:A1992HV27800002 ER PT J AU KINZEL, B AF KINZEL, B TI PITTING FUNGUS AGAINST FUNGUS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP KINZEL, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 8 EP 9 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HV278 UT WOS:A1992HV27800003 ER PT J AU DEQUATTRO, J AF DEQUATTRO, J TI MICRO-PESTS INFLICT MACRO-HEADACHES SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP DEQUATTRO, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 10 EP 12 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HV278 UT WOS:A1992HV27800004 ER PT J AU MCBRIDE, J AF MCBRIDE, J TI WOES OF A FRUITLESS DIET SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP MCBRIDE, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HV278 UT WOS:A1992HV27800005 ER PT J AU STANLEY, D AF STANLEY, D TI BREEDING A BETTER COCOA PLANT FOR CHOCOLATE LOVERS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP STANLEY, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 14 EP 16 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HV278 UT WOS:A1992HV27800006 ER PT J AU MCBRIDE, J AF MCBRIDE, J TI UNDERSTANDING AGE-RELATED LOSS OF MUSCLE-TISSUE SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP MCBRIDE, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 17 EP 19 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HV278 UT WOS:A1992HV27800007 ER PT J AU MCBRIDE, J AF MCBRIDE, J TI CARBON RATING YOUR FAT STATUS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP MCBRIDE, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HV278 UT WOS:A1992HV27800008 ER PT J AU KINZEL, B AF KINZEL, B TI PROTEIN-RICH EDIBLE COATINGS FOR FOOD SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP KINZEL, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 20 EP 21 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HV278 UT WOS:A1992HV27800009 ER PT J AU COOKE, L AF COOKE, L TI RESEARCHERS FIND NEW USE FOR PLUMBERS PIPE SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP COOKE, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HV278 UT WOS:A1992HV27800010 ER PT J AU CORLISS, J AF CORLISS, J TI BLOSSOM THINNER ENDS BOOM BUST CYCLE SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP CORLISS, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD MAY PY 1992 VL 40 IS 5 BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA HV278 UT WOS:A1992HV27800011 ER EF