FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU HANSEN, JD AF HANSEN, JD TI HEATING CURVE MODELS OF QUARANTINE TREATMENTS AGAINST INSECT PESTS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEAT; MODELS; QUARANTINES ID HOT-WATER IMMERSION; FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; FLIES DIPTERA; THERMAL DEATH; TEPHRITIDAE; PAPAYAS AB Mathematical expressions were examined as descriptive models for internal heating in agricultural commodities subjected to thermal quarantine treatments. Neither the linearized nor the accumulation models were appropriate. Only models representing negative exponential and logistic growth curves were accurate for predicting internal commodity temperatures during heat treatments. These were reliable regardless of type, shape, or size of commodity, and type of treatment. Such descriptive models allow comparisons among treatments and assist in the development of quarantine procedures. RP HANSEN, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 25 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1846 EP 1854 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JQ982 UT WOS:A1992JQ98200044 ER PT J AU MOFFITT, HR DRAKE, SR TOBA, HH HARTSELL, PL AF MOFFITT, HR DRAKE, SR TOBA, HH HARTSELL, PL TI COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF METHYL-BROMIDE AGAINST CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) LARVAE IN BING AND RAINIER CHERRIES AND CONFIRMATION OF EFFICACY OF A QUARANTINE TREATMENT FOR RAINIER CHERRIES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYDIA-POMONELLA; METHYL BROMIDE; CHERRY ID SWEET CHERRIES; FUMIGATION; OLETHREUTIDAE; QUALITY AB Susceptibility of third-instar codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), to methyl bromide at 6 or 12-degrees-C was not significantly affected by the host cultivar of sweet cherry. The 95% CL for the LC50 and LC90s for larvae in 'Bing' and 'Rainier' cherries overlapped in fumigation tests at either temperature. Sorption of methyl bromide by both cultivars in comparative efficacy studies was substantial (averaging 51.0 and 55.5% for 'Bing' and 'Rainier cherries, respectively) for both fumigation temperatures. None of the 'estimated 10,839 third-instar codling moth treated in 'Rainier' cherries in a confirmation test survived fumigation with methyl bromide at 64 g/m3 for 2 h at 6-degrees-C. These results showed that methyl bromide fumigation schedules previously approved against codling moth larvae in 'Bing' and other sweet cherry cultivars are equally effective against codling moth-larvae in 'Rainier' cherries. RP MOFFITT, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEG INSECT RES,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 12 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1855 EP 1858 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JQ982 UT WOS:A1992JQ98200045 ER PT J AU MANGAN, RL INGLE, SJ AF MANGAN, RL INGLE, SJ TI FORCED HOT-AIR QUARANTINE TREATMENT FOR MANGOES INFESTED WITH WEST-INDIAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANASTREPHA-OBLIQUA (MACQUART); PHYTOTOXICITY; LARVAL MORTALITY AB Quarantine efficacy for mangoes against the West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), was demonstrated using a forced hot-air system. Extrapolation from the probit model fitted to preliminary experimental data indicated a 99.9968% mortality at pulp temperature of 48.1-degrees-C. The probit analysis showed that goodness-of-fit was poor, but that this was caused by large errors at the lower temperatures rather than systematic departure from the model. We killed an estimated 109,839 larvae with no survivors in 2,221 mangoes giving >97% confidence that the mortality was greater than the probit 9 level. By running air temperature at 50-degrees-C, air speed at about 0.4 m3/s, and increasing humidity at a rate such that the dew point was always at least 2-degrees-C lower than the mango surface temperature, we were able to heat the mangoes at a rapid rate without surface scald or other phytotoxic effects. We recommend that mangoes be heated until seed-surface temperatures reach 48-degrees-C and that air temperatures, air speeds, load sizes, and other factors determining rate of heating be determined for individual commercial systems. In our confirmatory tests, treatment time ranged from 101 to 213 min depending on mango sizes and numbers of boxes treated. Consumer panels, in the laboratory and made up of the public, found no difference in taste, odor, or overall acceptability but frequently judged treated mangoes superior to controls for appearance factors. Position of mangoes in the chamber was frequently a significant factor in panel ratings. More even heat distribution by such means as a reversible fan system may decrease this variation. RP MANGAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,CROP QUAL & FRUIT INSECT RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1859 EP 1864 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JQ982 UT WOS:A1992JQ98200046 ER PT J AU CHANDLER, LD PAIR, SD RAULSTON, JR AF CHANDLER, LD PAIR, SD RAULSTON, JR TI EFFECTS OF SELECTED INSECT GROWTH-REGULATORS ON LONGEVITY AND MORTALITY OF CORN-EARWORM AND FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) LARVAE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA-ZEA; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS ID DIFLUBENZURON AB Laboratory bioassays demonstrated the toxic effects of three insect growth regulators (diflubenzuron, teflubenzuron, and fenoxycarb) to 1- and 7-d-old larvae of com earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). All compounds were effective against larvae of both species. Fenoxycarb was more active against 1- and 7-d-old com earworm larvae compared with diflubenzuron or teflubenzuron; all compounds were equally active against 7-d-old fall armyworm larvae. Larvae exposed to fenoxycarb lived up to 10 times longer than larvae treated with diflubenzuron or teflubenzuron. All three compounds might control the corn earworm and fall armyworm in agronomic crops. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP COTTON INSECTS RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP CHANDLER, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1972 EP 1978 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JQ982 UT WOS:A1992JQ98200061 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, FH THRONE, JE SIMONAITIS, RA AF ARTHUR, FH THRONE, JE SIMONAITIS, RA TI DEGRADATION AND BIOLOGICAL EFFICACY OF CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL ON WHEAT STORED AT 5 TEMPERATURES AND 3 MOISTURE CONTENTS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE; WHEAT; INSECTICIDE DEGRADATION ID GRAIN PROTECTANTS; INSECT POPULATIONS; FENITROTHION; MAIZE; FARM; CORN AB Soft red winter wheat was treated with a calculated dosage of 6 ppm chlorpyrifos-methyl and stored at 15, 20, 25, 30, or 35-degrees-C and either 11.2, 12.1, or 13.7% moisture content (15 combinations). Measured residue deposition on the wheat was 4.39 +/-0.57 ppm, a 27.2% reduction from the calculated dosage. Residue degradation was asymptotic at all combinations except 15-degrees-C and 11.2 and 12.1% moisture content. Residue loss during the initial months of storage increased with increases in both temperature and moisture content within temperature. Rice weevils, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), did not survive bimonthly bioassays on wheat stored at either 15 or 20-degrees-C, but did survive on wheat stored at 20-degrees-C and 13.7% moisture content. Above 20-degrees-C, survival on treated wheat increased as residues decreased, and residues became either inactivated or diluted by increased moisture content. Numbers of F1 progeny, the percentage of insect-damaged kernels, and the amount of ground wheat flour (dockage) were positively correlated with weevil survival and negatively correlated with residue levels. RP ARTHUR, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 21 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1994 EP 2002 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JQ982 UT WOS:A1992JQ98200064 ER PT J AU KINDLER, SD GREER, LG SPRINGER, TL AF KINDLER, SD GREER, LG SPRINGER, TL TI FEEDING-BEHAVIOR OF THE RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) ON WHEAT AND RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE SLENDER WHEATGRASS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PLANT RESISTANCE; ELYMUS-TRACHYCAULUM; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA ID DIURAPHIS-NOXIA HOMOPTERA; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; UNITED-STATES; FECUNDITY AB Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), poses a serious threat to the yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production in the United States. Although, Land Grant College and Soil Conservation Service programs advocate the use of many cool- and warm-season forage grasses, many of these grasses serve as alternate hosts to the Russian wheat aphid. One form of cultural control is the development of grass cultivars resistant to Russian wheat aphid for use in such programs, which could eliminate oversummering host plants for the aphid. Prior studies have indicated that slender wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulum (Link) Gould ex Shinners), a species commonly found in reclamation areas, offers several potentially resistant plant introductions for use in development of resistant cultivars. The nature of Russian wheat aphid resistance at the behavioral level was studied with four slender wheatgrass entries, 'Pryor', PI 387888, PI 440100, and PI 440102 and 'TAM W-101' wheat on electronic feeding monitors. Aphids on the resistant plant introductions and, to a lesser degree, on 'Pryor' spent more total time engaged in baseline behavior, less time in phloem-ingestion behavior, and more time in nonphloem-ingestion behavior than did aphids on the susceptible entries 'TAM W-101' wheat and slender wheatgrass PI 387888. These results indicate that PI 440100 and PI 440102 could be used in the development of slender wheatgrass cultivars resistant to Russian wheat aphid. RP KINDLER, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,1301 N WESTERN,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 2012 EP 2016 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JQ982 UT WOS:A1992JQ98200067 ER PT J AU BURD, JD BURTON, RL AF BURD, JD BURTON, RL TI CHARACTERIZATION OF PLANT-DAMAGE CAUSED BY RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; WHEAT; APHID DAMAGE ID RESISTANCE; GROWTH; BARLEY AB The effect of feeding by the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), on growth of seedling 'TAM W-101' winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated. A primary response of the wheat plant to aphid feeding involves water imbalances expressed as a loss of turgor and reduced growth. Russian wheat aphids caused substantial reductions in biomass of all plant components measured. When aphids were removed, absolute growth rates quickly recovered as relative growth rates increased. Compared with undamaged controls, recovering plants were more efficient in terms of carbon assimilation, which resulted in higher relative growth rates and compensated for lowered leaf area ratios. Reduction in leaf area ratios results from decreases in specific leaf areas (i.e., a combination of leaf stunting and the inhibition of new-leaf unfolding). As plants recovered, stem weight ratios were substantially reduced, indicating that carbon partitioning to the stem was decreased to compensate for leaf and root growth. The cessation of growth of wheat during infestation by the Russian wheat aphid and ability of the host to recover rapidly when the aphid was removed indicate that the duration of infestation, rather than the level of infestation, may be more important to the host. RP BURD, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 27 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 2017 EP 2022 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JQ982 UT WOS:A1992JQ98200068 ER PT J AU WEBSTER, JA INAYATULLAH, C FARGO, WS AF WEBSTER, JA INAYATULLAH, C FARGO, WS TI VARIATION IN FECUNDITY OF GREENBUG (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) BIOTYPES ON RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE BARLEY SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; BARLEY; HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE ID SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM HOMOPTERA; MORPHOMETRIC VARIATION; SORGHUM; INDUCTION; OKLAHOMA; INCREASE; MORPHS; TEXAS; GRAIN AB Variation in fecundity Of apterous adults of three greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), biotypes on seedlings of resistant and susceptible barley was studied in an environmental chamber programmed for 25:20-degrees-C and 16:8 (L:D) h. The objective of the test was to obtain baseline data on variability of biotypes B, C, and E on resistant and susceptible cultivars. Fecundity distributions for three biotypes (B, C, and E) on susceptible 'Wintermalt' were normal, but non-normality was evident for the three biotypes on resistant 'Post'. For the non-normal distributions, significant skewness values were found in the direction of higher fecundity. Greenbug reproduction on some plants of 'Post' barley was greater than expected, but whether this was caused by variation in greenbug populations or variation in the host plants is unclear. RP WEBSTER, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,1301 N WESTERN,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 2023 EP 2026 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JQ982 UT WOS:A1992JQ98200069 ER PT J AU MOELLENBECK, DJ QUISENBERRY, SS AF MOELLENBECK, DJ QUISENBERRY, SS TI IDENTIFICATION OF ALFALFA RESISTANCE TO THE THREECORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (HOMOPTERA, MEMBRACIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MEDICAGO; HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE; SPISSISTILUS-FESTINUS ID CICADELLIDAE; HEMIPTERA AB Six alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., cultivars were screened in the greenhouse for antixenosis and antibiosis to the threecornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say). The cultivars 'Zia' and 'Cimarron VR' showed antixenotic properties by harboring lower adult populations and exhibiting less girdle damage. 'Cimarron' was the most preferred cultivar based upon increased girdle damage and larger adult populations. In the antibiosis test, significant variation among the cultivars was found for adult male weights but not female weights, indicating sex-based differences in threecornered alfalfa hopper susceptiblity to antibiotic factors. 'Dona Ana' exhibited antibiosis by decreasing male adult threecornered alfalfa hopper weights; however, nymphal duration and female weights were not affected. Nymphal duration was significantly shorter on 'Zia' compared with 'Florida 77. Results show that variation in alfalfa susceptibility to the threecornered alfalfa hopper does exist, and further development of resistance may increase the importance of host-plant resistance in the management of this alfalfa pest. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,CTR AGR,DEPT ENTOMOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP MOELLENBECK, DJ (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,312 CURTIS HALL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 2027 EP 2031 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JQ982 UT WOS:A1992JQ98200070 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, WP BUCKLEY, PM AF WILLIAMS, WP BUCKLEY, PM TI GROWTH OF FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) LARVAE ON RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE CORN SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; FALL ARMYWORM; CORN; PLANT RESISTANCE ID LABORATORY BIOASSAY; PLANT-RESISTANCE AB Growth of larvae of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith), was evaluated in a laboratory bioassay on diets containing lyophilized leaf tissue of resistant and susceptible inbred lines of com, Zea mays L. Diets were prepared by adding lyophilized tissue of each of six inbred lines alone and in pairs to distilled water, agar, gentamicin sulfate, sorbic acid, and ascorbic acid. Larvae were fed the test diets for 10 d and then weighed. Larvae that were fed the diets containing leaf tissue of the resistant plants weighed 52% less than those fed diets containing only susceptible plant tissue. Growth of larvae on diets containing mixtures of leaf tissue from different inbred lines revealed that the variation among diets was accounted for by the average performance of different lines. RP WILLIAMS, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,POB 5248,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 2039 EP 2042 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JQ982 UT WOS:A1992JQ98200072 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, FH SIMONAITIS, RA AF ARTHUR, FH SIMONAITIS, RA TI ESFENVALERATE RESIDUE ACCUMULATION ON PEANUTS, COCOA BEANS, AND TOBACCO DURING A SIMULATED STORAGE SEASON SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ESFENVALERATE; RESIDUE; PEANUTS; COCOA BEANS; TOBACCO; STORAGE AB Farmers stock peanuts, bagged cocoa beans, exposed tobacco, and boxed tobacco were exposed to daily applications of 0.02 g AI esfenvalerate per 28.3 m3 (1,000 ft3) for 235 consecutive days. Residue accumulation on peanut shells and peanut kernels ranged from 0.2 - 22.9 ppm and 13.1 - 189.6 ppb, respectively. The bag containing the cocoa beans apparently trapped most of the insecticide residue, and residues on whole beans and roasted nibs ranged from 10.4 - 452.2 and 9.6 - 118.5 ppb, respectively. Residue accumulation on exposed tobacco ranged from 0.2 - 31.1 ppm, but residues on boxed tobacco were above minimum detectable levels on only 2 of 11 sample dates. RP ARTHUR, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4 BP 285 EP 292 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JX344 UT WOS:A1992JX34400001 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, AD HAYES, JL ROTON, L MOSER, JC AF TAYLOR, AD HAYES, JL ROTON, L MOSER, JC TI A PHLOEM SANDWICH ALLOWING ATTACK AND COLONIZATION BY BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) AND ASSOCIATES SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE BARK BEETLES; SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; SCOLYTIDAE; PHLOEM SANDWICH C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RI Taylor, Andrew/I-5040-2012 NR 5 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4 BP 311 EP 316 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JX344 UT WOS:A1992JX34400004 ER PT J AU PODGWAITE, JD REARDON, RC WALTON, GS WITCOSKY, J AF PODGWAITE, JD REARDON, RC WALTON, GS WITCOSKY, J TI EFFICACY OF AERIALLY-APPLIED GYPCHEK AGAINST GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) IN THE APPALACHIAN HIGHLANDS SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GYPCHEK; NUCLEOPOLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; GYPSY MOTH; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR ID VIRUS AB Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., populations in six northern Virginia plots were aerially treated with the nucleopolyhedrosis virus product, Gypchek. Two applications of an aqueous Orzan LS-Pro Mo-Rhoplex B60A tank mix, each at 18.7 liters and 1.25 X 10(12) polyhedral inclusion bodies per ha, reduced larvae by more than 92% and egg masses by more than 94% in all but one of the treated plots. Defoliation averaged 22% in Gypchek-treated plots compared to 67% in control plots. RP PODGWAITE, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,CTR BIOL CONTROL NE FOREST INSECTS & DIS,51 MILL POND RD,HAMDEN,CT 06514, USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4 BP 337 EP 344 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JX344 UT WOS:A1992JX34400007 ER PT J AU CALLCOTT, AMA COLLINS, HL AF CALLCOTT, AMA COLLINS, HL TI TEMPORAL CHANGES IN A RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) COLONY CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM FOLLOWING AN INSECTICIDAL TREATMENT SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; REINFESTATION; FENOXYCARB ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA BUREN; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; QUEENS AB The decline of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (RIFA) following an application of fenoxycarb bait and the subsequent reinfestation from small, incipient colonies to large, mature colonies was studied in south Mississippi. Field colonies were rated using the numerical colony classification system of Lofgren and Williams (1982). The study site was considered RIFA free (98.9% decrease in pretreat population index) 3 months after a fenoxycarb bait treatment. Small incipient colonies categorized in class 7 (100-1,000 workers and worker brood present) appeared in the test site about 4 months after bait application. Mature colonies in classes 9 and 10 (10,000-50,000 workers present with worker brood and more than 50,000 workers with worker brood present, respectively) were detected after 12-15 months of development. RP CALLCOTT, AMA (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,IMPORTED FIRE ANT STN,GULFPORT,MS 39501, USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4 BP 345 EP 353 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JX344 UT WOS:A1992JX34400008 ER PT J AU ROGERS, CE MARTI, OG AF ROGERS, CE MARTI, OG TI NOCTUIDONEMA-GUYANENSE (NEMATODA, APHELENCHOIDIDAE) - POPULATION PROFILES ON MALE AND FEMALE FALL ARMYWORM MOTHS SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; FALL ARMYWORM; ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODE; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; NOCTUIDONEMA-GUYANENSE ID ECTOPARASITIC NEMATODE; LEPIDOPTERA; ADULTS AB The distribution of Noctuidonema guyanense Remillet and Silvain (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) populations on wild female, laboratory-reared female, and wild male moths of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was determined. Populations of all life stages of N. guyanense were aggregated (P < 0.05) on abdominal segments 7-10 of wild female and moderately infested (< 100 nematodes), laboratory-reared female moths. Nematodes also aggregated on abdominal segments 7-10 on heavily infested (> 300 nematodes), laboratory-reared female moths, but larger populations of all mobile life stages migrated from posterior to anterior abdominal segments of a host. On wild male moths, N. guyanense populations tended to disperse along the host's abdomen, with significant aggregates of eggs and neonates on abdominal segments 8-10 and smaller aggregates of adults and juveniles on abdominal segments 1-2. Nematodes avoided colonization of the head of nearly all hosts of either sex. RP ROGERS, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4 BP 354 EP 360 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JX344 UT WOS:A1992JX34400009 ER PT J AU HAYNES, JW SMITH, JW AF HAYNES, JW SMITH, JW TI LONGEVITY OF LABORATORY-REARED BOLL-WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) OFFERED HONEY BEE-COLLECTED POLLEN AND PLANTS UNRELATED TO COTTON SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS BOHEMAN; POLLEN; SUCROSE; NONCOTTON PLANTS; SURVIVAL; FEEDING AB Understanding the ability of the boll weevil to survive on plants other than cotton is important in understanding how to control or eradicate this pest. Laboratory-reared adult boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, were given a variety of foods. When honey bee-collected pollen and water was offered, 78.9% survived for 10 days, 56.7% survived for 15 days, and 13.5% survived for 35 days. When weevils were fed a diet of 1.0% pollen + 1.0% sucrose, 76.7% survived for 10 days and 20% survived for 15 days. Due to high mortality this test was discontinued after 15 days. Decreasing the concentration of sugar and pollen in the diet to 1.0% or less resulted in significantly increased mortality. Boll weevils offered nine plant species common to northeast Mississippi lived as long as 8-16 days. Weevils survived longest on primrose, Oenothera speciosa Nuttall; sow thistle, Sonchus asper L.; and dandelion, Taraxacum officinale Weber because of pollen and seed heads present in the flowers which were not found in the other species tested. Weevils survived twice as long on unadulterated pollen plus water compared with the best plant species tested on low doses (1.0%) of pollen plus sucrose. RP HAYNES, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4 BP 366 EP 374 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JX344 UT WOS:A1992JX34400011 ER PT J AU SMITH, L PRESS, JW AF SMITH, L PRESS, JW TI FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE OF ANISOPTEROMALUS-CALANDRAE (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDE) - INFLUENCE OF HOST NUMBERS VERSUS HOST DENSITY SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE; PARASITOID; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; RICE WEEVIL; STORED PRODUCT; WHEAT ID SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE COLEOPTERA; PARASITIC WASP; RICE WEEVIL; CURCULIONIDAE; INTERFERENCE; SUPPRESSION; PREDATORS; MODELS AB The functional response of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) was measured on rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in wheat at 30-degrees-C. Four female parasitoids, with males, were allowed to oviposit during their lifespan on 166 to 678 weevils per container. The data were fit by Rogers' (1972) random parasitoid model with rate of parasite search a' = 0.32 lifespan-1 and handling time T(h) = 0.0027 lifespan. Volume of grain, in the range of 0.19 to 3.1 l wheat, had no effect on number of hosts parasitized when host numbers were held constant at 222, 398, and 572 weevils per container. Therefore, it may be more appropriate to consider numbers of hosts present rather than host density when studying functional response within a patch of uniformly distributed hosts. RP SMITH, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4 BP 375 EP 382 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JX344 UT WOS:A1992JX34400012 ER PT J AU GAGNE, RJ PAYNE, JA PAYNE, JA AF GAGNE, RJ PAYNE, JA PAYNE, JA TI A NEW SPECIES OF HARMANDIA (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) DAMAGING LEAVES OF ALLEGHENY CHINKAPIN IN EASTERN UNITED-STATES AND A REDESCRIPTION OF THE GENUS SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HARMANDIA; CECIDOMYIIDAE; CHINKAPIN; HARMANDIA-AMISAE; HARMANDIA-REFLEXA; HARMANDIA-HUDSONI AB A new species of gall midge, Harmandia amisae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is described and illustrated. It infests leaves of Allegheny chinkapin, Castanea pumila (L.) Mill. (Fagaceae), in eastern North America. The genus Harmandia is redescribed and distinguished from Macrodiplosis, a genus restricted to oaks. The American species formerly and currently placed in Harmandia are reviewed. "Cecidomyia" castaneae Stebbins is newly combined with Harmandia. Harmandia reflexa (Felt) is considered a junior synonym of Harmandia hudsoni (Felt). The new species is distinguished from its other American congeners on Populus and Castanea. RP GAGNE, RJ (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4 BP 383 EP 391 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JX344 UT WOS:A1992JX34400013 ER PT J AU CARPENTER, JE WISEMAN, BR AF CARPENTER, JE WISEMAN, BR TI EFFECTS OF INHERITED STERILITY AND INSECT RESISTANT DENT-CORN SILKS ON HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; CORN EARWORM; F1 STERILITY; INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT; HELICOVERPA-ZEA ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; ZAPALOTE CHICO; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; LARVAE; RADIATION AB Male and female corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), adults were exposed to a substerilizing dose (10 krads) of gamma radiation after which their progeny were reared on a meridic diet containing selected concentrations of dry silk collected from resistant dent corn genotypes. Significant interactions were observed between the developmental time of progeny from irradiated females and progeny from normal parents and meridic diets with increasing degrees of resistance. A significant interaction also was observed between the mean larval weights of normal and substerile larvae and diets with increasing degrees of resistance. The 9-d weight of normal larvae was significantly higher than the weight of substerile larvae at the lowest degree of resistance, but differences between the weight of normal and substerile larvae at the highest degree of resistance were not significant. Larvae from irradiated male by normal female crosses were equally competitive with normal larvae for all measured parameters. Data from this study suggest that plant resistance and inherited sterility would be compatible control strategies for the management of H. zea populations. RP CARPENTER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4 BP 413 EP 420 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JX344 UT WOS:A1992JX34400015 ER PT J AU HAYNES, JW SMITH, JW AF HAYNES, JW SMITH, JW TI COMPETITIVENESS OF BOLL-WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) STERILIZED WITH LOW-DOSES OF FRACTIONATED-IRRADIATION SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; BOLL WEEVILS; IRRADIATION; COMPETITIVENESS; ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS AB Male boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, sterilized with nine fractionated doses totaling 48 gray (Gy) of irradiation successfully competed with normal untreated males for virgin females. The ratios of Smale:Nmale:Nfemale tested were 1:1:1, 5:1:1, 10:1:1, 20:1:1, and 40:1:1. We determined that Smales, collectively, at a 20:1 or 40:1 ratio of Smale:Nmale were 90.8-95.1% as competitive as Nmales. A 40:1:1 ratio of Smale: Nmale:Nfemale resulted in no matings between Nmales and Nfemales alone. There were an average of 1.8 matings when both Nmale and Smales mated with the Nfemale resulting in 99.9% sterility (based on F1 adult emergence from eggs collected). RP HAYNES, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4 BP 421 EP 426 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JX344 UT WOS:A1992JX34400016 ER PT J AU ARTHUR, FH AF ARTHUR, FH TI CYFLUTHRIN WP AND EC FORMULATIONS TO CONTROL MALATHION-RESISTANT RED FLOUR BEETLES AND CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, TENEBRIONIDAE) - EFFECTS OF PAINT ON RESIDUAL EFFICACY SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CYFLUTHRIN; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; RED FLOUR BEETLE; TRIBOLIUM-CONFUSUM; CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE; STEEL; PAINT ID TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM COLEOPTERA; PESTICIDE RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES AB Malathion-resistant red: flour beetle and confused flour beetle field strains and a pesticide-susceptible laboratory strain of each species were exposed on unpainted and painted galvanized steel panels treated with cyfluthrin EC and WP formulations at label rates. Residues from both formulations applied to unpainted steel killed 99.8% of the insects after 1 h exposure for up to 235 d after treatment. Equivalent control on painted panels lasted approximately 3 wks and required 24 h exposure. Residual mortality on painted panels treated with cyfluthrin WP and EC quickly declined; tests with red flour beetles and confused flour beetles were discontinued after 116 and 123 d, respectively. All of the malathion-resistant strains were as susceptible as the laboratory strain to cyfluthrin, and there was no difference between the EC and WT formulations. RP ARTHUR, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 27 IS 4 BP 436 EP 444 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JX344 UT WOS:A1992JX34400018 ER PT J AU NOVAK, JM BERTSCH, PM MILLS, GL AF NOVAK, JM BERTSCH, PM MILLS, GL TI C-13 NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTRA OF SOIL WATER-SOLUBLE ORGANIC-CARBON SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Note ID SUBSTANCES AB Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) was extracted from the surface horizon (0-15 cm) of a South Carolina floodplain soil (Pickney series-sandy, silicious, thermic Cumulic Humaquepts) using either 1.2-mum Whatman glass fiber type C (GF) or polycarbonate (PC) (< 0.4 mum) filters. The trend in functional group C distribution for both WSOC fractions was 0-alkyl > aliphatic > aromatic > carboxylic acid > carbonyl structures. Overall, the C-13 NMR spectra showed similar functional group C distributions for fractions obtained with both filters. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,DIV BIOGEOCHEM,AIKEN,SC 29802. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 537 EP 539 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JZ316 UT WOS:A1992JZ31600002 ER PT J AU LOCKE, MA AF LOCKE, MA TI SORPTION-DESORPTION KINETICS OF ALACHLOR IN SURFACE SOIL FROM 2 SOYBEAN TILLAGE SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE; METRIBUZIN DEGRADATION; SILT LOAM; ADSORPTION; GROUNDWATER; ATRAZINE; METOLACHLOR; COEFFICIENTS; CYANAZINE; SEDIMENT AB Alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetamide] sorption patterns were evaluated in surface (0-5 cm) Dundee silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Aeric Ochraqualf) soil collected from long-term conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] plots. Three concentrations of [C-14] alachlor (0.58, 2.44, and 18.1 mumol L-1) in 0.01 M CaCl2 were added to soil (3 g/18 mL) and samples were shaken for time periods ranging from 1 min to 96 h. The difference between initial and final alachlor concentration was attributed to sorption. Desorption (0.01 M CaCl2) was measured for samples initially sorbed for 1, 24, or 96 h. Desorbed soils were extracted with methanol and then combusted. Freundlich parameters (K(f), [1/n]) were calculated for alachlor sorption and desorption using nonlinear regression. Sorption K(f) values for soil from both tillage systems increased as sorption shaking time increased. Desorption was hysteretic, and length of sorption shaking increased nonsingularity. Sorption K(f) values measured for NT were greater than CT for each of the 1, 24, and 96 h sorption shaking times. Similarly, desorption K(f) values for NT were greater than for CT. Kinetics were evaluated using a three-site model. Sorption patterns indicated rapid initial sorption up to approximately 3 h followed by slower sorption. No change in solution alachlor was observed after 48 h for either tillage treatment. Labile and restricted fractions increased with time, especially for NT. The increased rate and overall quantity of alachlor sorption in NT was attributed to higher soil organic residues. RP LOCKE, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 37 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 558 EP 566 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JZ316 UT WOS:A1992JZ31600006 ER PT J AU PANTONE, DJ YOUNG, RA BUHLER, DD EBERLEIN, CV KOSKINEN, WC FORCELLA, F AF PANTONE, DJ YOUNG, RA BUHLER, DD EBERLEIN, CV KOSKINEN, WC FORCELLA, F TI WATER-QUALITY IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH PREEMERGENCE AND POSTEMERGENCE APPLICATIONS OF ATRAZINE IN MAIZE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID RUNOFF LOSSES; PESTICIDES; RESIDUES; ALACHLOR; SYSTEM; SOILS AB Herbicide contamination in surface runoff varies greatly depending on the herbicide management alternatives used. This study was conducted to determine if herbicide runoff is influenced by the timing of herbicide application with respect to maize (Zea mays L.) emergence. Preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) applications of atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] were compared during 1988 and 1989 on a field with no prior history of atrazine use on a Barnes loam (fine-loamy, mixed Udic Haploboroll) soil at the Swan Lake Research Farm near Morris, MN. A rainfall simulator applied precipitation events of 50 min with an intensity of 64 mm h-1 on Days 1,7, and 30 after PRE or POST applications of atrazine. Rainfall 1 d after application resulted in 32 g ha-1 of atrazine (less than 2% of the amount applied) in the runoff water and sediment for PRE treatments compared with 16 g ha-1 (less than 1% of the atrazine applied) for POST treatments. Similarly, 7 d after the herbicide applications, 20 g ha-1 was lost with PRE treatments and 1 g ha-1 for POST treatments. At 30 d, PRE treatments resulted in 8 g ha-1 being transported in the water and sediment compared with 1 g ha-1 for POST treatments. The rate of surface runoff, rather than the concentration of herbicide in the runoff, was the critical factor responsible for the reduction of the quantity of atrazine in the surface runoff with the POST treatments as compared with the PRE treatments. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267. UNIV IDAHO,ABERDEEN RES & EXT CTR,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP PANTONE, DJ (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,TEXAS AGR EXP STN,BLACKLAND RES CTR,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 31 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 567 EP 573 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JZ316 UT WOS:A1992JZ31600007 ER PT J AU CHICHESTER, FW RICHARDSON, CW AF CHICHESTER, FW RICHARDSON, CW TI SEDIMENT AND NUTRIENT LOSS FROM CLAY SOILS AS AFFECTED BY TILLAGE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PLAINS; SURFACE RUNOFF; CORN; WATERSHEDS; PERCOLATE; NITRATE AB Agricultural source Pollution of water resources has been a source of concern in recent years. Research is needed to define mechanisms of chemical and sediment loss in runoff from agricultural land, and to develop management practices that minimize transport of these pollutants. This study was designed to compare the effect of no-till (NT) and conventional chisel-till (CT) soil management on runoff water volumes, sediment loss, and N and P loss from small watersheds on a clay soil. Three NT and three CT watersheds located on Houston Black clay vertisol soil (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic, Udic Pellusterts) in east central Texas were used for the study. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), corn (Zea mays L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] were grown rotationally on the watersheds from 1984 to 1989. Runoff amounts, sediment loss, and N and P losses were measured for each rainfall event that produced runoff. Runoff volume was not changed by tillage system and sediment loss and N and P losses in runoff were less, on average, from NT than from CT. Runoff averaged 1.3 ML ha-1 annually for both CT and NT. Average annual quantities for sediment and nutrient losses were: 160 kg ha-1 and 1575 kg ha-1 for sediment, 3.8 kg ha-1 and 8.1 kg ha-1 for N, and 0.8 kg ha-1 and 1.5 kg ha-1 for P for NT and CT, respectively. These results indicate that the loss of sediment and nutrients from agricultural lands could be minimized by using NT on clay soils. C1 USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502. NR 31 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 587 EP 590 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JZ316 UT WOS:A1992JZ31600010 ER PT J AU SMITH, SJ SHARPLEY, AN BERG, WA NANEY, JW COLEMAN, GA AF SMITH, SJ SHARPLEY, AN BERG, WA NANEY, JW COLEMAN, GA TI WATER-QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH SOUTHERN PLAINS GRASSLANDS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID RUNOFF; NUTRIENT; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; CULTURE AB Water quality information regarding grasslands in the Southern Plains of Oklahoma and Texas is sparse. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which the area's surface and ground-water quality is influenced by native and introduced grass management practices. Concentrations and amounts of sediment, N, and P in surface runoff water were determined for 14, 1- to 6-ha watersheds in the Reddish Prairie and Rolling Red Plain land resource areas for periods of 3 to 13 yr. In general, surface water quality was influenced slightly during the study periods by dominant grass species, area grazing practices, or recommended fertilizer rates, but sediment losses were curtailed greatly by gully amelioration. Mean annual discharge ranged from 30 to 71 000 kg ha-1 for sediment, 0. 1 to 11 kg ha-1 for total N, and 0.02 to 4 kg ha-1 for total P. Highest losses were from watersheds with established, active gullies. Annual soluble nutrient losses in surface runoff tended to be small, often <1 kg ha-1 N or P. Successful prediction of soluble P, particulate P, and particulate N in surface runoff was achieved using appropriate kinetic desorption and enrichment ratio procedures. Soluble N in surface runoff posed few water quality problems, but soluble and total P concentrations often exceeded proposed 0.01 and 0.02 mg L-1 respective critical limits for eutrophication, even on the more pristine watersheds. In the case of groundwaters, occasional, elevated NO3-N (i.e., 18 mg L-1 maximum) concentrations were observed beneath certain N fertilized, introduced and native grasses on shallow water table (3-20 m depth), medium-textured soils. C1 USDA ARS,SPA,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,WOODWARD,OK 73801. RP SMITH, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SPA,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 595 EP 601 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JZ316 UT WOS:A1992JZ31600012 ER PT J AU LOWRANCE, R AF LOWRANCE, R TI NITROGEN OUTPUTS FROM A FIELD-SIZE AGRICULTURAL WATERSHED SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID FERTILIZER NITROGEN; LEACHING LOSSES; DENITRIFICATION; SOILS; NITRATE; GRASSLAND; OXIDE; DRAINAGE; FATE; ZONE AB Nitrogen outputs from a 0-34-ha field were measured for 1984 through 1987. The field consisted of Cowarts loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Hapludult) managed in a summer row crop-winter cover crop sequence. Outputs measured were subsurface flow, surface runoff, and denitrification. Monthly sampling of denitrification rates showed a high degree of temporal and spatial variability. Rates significantly increased with soil moisture and depth. Denitrification also increased after irrigation events. Nitrogen movement in subsurface flow was 97% NO3-N and was about 10 times that in surface runoff. Most subsurface flow and movement of N (77 kg NO3-N ha-1) occurred in December 1986 through February 1987 when 62 cm of precipitation fell in a 12-wk period (December 1986-February 1987) following fertilizer application. This period accounted for one-half the total subsurface nitrate movement for the 4-yr study. Even though no crop was harvested in 1985, subsurface outputs of N were low in winter of 1985-1986. Soil NH4-N levels were significantly higher after the year without a harvest, indicating that more of the N in crop residue was found in the soil pool. RP LOWRANCE, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 946,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 30 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 602 EP 607 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JZ316 UT WOS:A1992JZ31600013 ER PT J AU OWENS, LB EDWARDS, WM VANKEUREN, RW AF OWENS, LB EDWARDS, WM VANKEUREN, RW TI NITRATE LEVELS IN SHALLOW GROUNDWATER UNDER PASTURES RECEIVING AMMONIUM-NITRATE OR SLOW-RELEASE NITROGEN-FERTILIZER SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE RUNOFF; GRASSLAND; PROGRAM AB This study examined the impact on groundwater quality of conventional and slow-release N fertilizer to small, grazed watersheds in eastern Ohio. Three small watersheds (each less than 1 ha) received 56 kg N/ha annually as NH4NO3 for 5 yr. For the next 10 yr, one watershed received 168 kg N/ha annually as NH4NO3 and two others received the same amount of N as methylene urea, a slow-release fertilizer. Shallow groundwater samples were collected from springs and analyzed. After the 5-yr prestudy period, NO3-N levels in the groundwater from the three watersheds were in a 3 to 5 mg/L range. Groundwater NO3-N concentrations increased slightly during the first 3 yr at the higher N fertilizer rate, though they remained in the 3 to 5 mg(L range. Nitrate-N levels increased more sharply during the rest of the study. Although these NO3-N levels varied more between the growing and dormant seasons than when lower rates of fertilizer were applied, they eventually reached a slower rate of increase. During the 9th and 10th yr of the high application, seasonal NO3-N levels in groundwater ranged from 10 to 16 and 7 to 14 mg(L from the watersheds receiving NH4NO3 and methylene urea, respectively. This study showed that 168 kg N/ha was too much for this system, regardless of whether conventional or slow-release N was used. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP OWENS, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXP WATERSHED,POB 478,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 607 EP 613 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JZ316 UT WOS:A1992JZ31600014 ER PT J AU PARKIN, TB SHELTON, DR AF PARKIN, TB SHELTON, DR TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF CARBOFURAN DEGRADATION IN SOIL SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CORN-ROOTWORM COLEOPTERA; BIODEGRADATION; METABOLISM; PESTICIDES; HISTORIES; MOISTURE; FIELDS; RATES AB Less of pesticide efficacy resulting from enhanced rates of microbial degradation has been observed with several pesticides including the insecticide carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate). Soils in which this phenomenon occurs are often referred to as "problem soils." Several previous studies have documented the temporal aspects of the conversion of a nonproblem soil to a problem soil, and have compared carbofuran degradation rates in problem vs. nonproblem soils. There have been few studies of the spatial or temporal variability of pesticide degradation, and no studies of the variability of carbofuran degradation, however. Our study was designed to evaluate the spatial variability of carbofuran degradation activity in a conventional-till and a no-till corn (Zea mays L.) field, and to assess temporal variations of carbofuran degradation activity. Soil samples were collected at two positional locations in each field (in-row and between-row) at three times during the growing season. Within the planting furrow, maximum rates of carbofuran degradation were higher and resulting half-lives of carbofuran (DT-50%) were lower than in samples collected between corn rows. Interactive effects of both microbial biomass and soil water content appeared to contribute to the observed differences in carbofuran degradation kinetics as well as to the positional differences observed. Temporal variations in carbofuran degradation appeared to be dominated by soil water content. At this time it remains unknown whether the observed increase in carbofuran degradation activity, in the row, occurred in response to the banded application of carbofuran, or to increased C availability in the rhizosphere. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC W,PDL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP PARKIN, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 672 EP 678 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JZ316 UT WOS:A1992JZ31600023 ER PT J AU STERN, NJ MOZOLA, MA AF STERN, NJ MOZOLA, MA TI METHODS FOR SELECTIVE ENRICHMENT OF CAMPYLOBACTER SPP FROM POULTRY FOR USE IN CONJUNCTION WITH DNA HYBRIDIZATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article AB A DNA hybridization test was investigated for application to the detection of Campylobacter spp. in poultry samples. The test chemistry involves solution phase hybridization and detection by means of an enzymatically generated colorimetric endpoint. DNA probes used in the test system are targeted to unique sequences of ribosomal RNA and are specific for Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter lari, and Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus. Initial experiments with pure cultures of C. jejuni established the sensitivity limit of the DNA hybridization assay at approximately 10(6-7) CFU per sample. Experiments were designed to define optimal conditions for recovery and selective enrichment of Campylobacter spp. from chicken carcasses for use in conjunction with the DNA hybridization assay. Following overnight enrichment, cultures were swabbed onto Campy-Cefex agar plates and allowed to incubate for 24 h. This overnight growth was then suspended and assayed with the DNA probe. The remainder of the overnight enrichment was centrifuged and the resulting pellet was analyzed. Thirty-eight chicken carcasses were assayed for Campylobacter spp. by DNA probe and culture methodology employing culture enrichment and selective plating. Culture procedures isolated Campylobacter spp. from 23 carcasses, while the DNA probe assay detected the organism from 21 carcasses. The DNA probe registered five "false" positives and seven "false" negatives relative to the cultural bacteriologic approach. C1 GENE TRAK SYST CORP,FRAMINGHAM,MA 01701. RP STERN, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY MICROBIOL SAFETY RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 55 IS 10 BP 767 EP 770 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA JV444 UT WOS:A1992JV44400003 ER PT J AU FORCE, JE SAMPLE, VA GUTHRIE, EM BLACK, A JOHNSON, M TIPPECONNIE, B HAGENSTEIN, PR CARTWRIGHT, C AF FORCE, JE SAMPLE, VA GUTHRIE, EM BLACK, A JOHNSON, M TIPPECONNIE, B HAGENSTEIN, PR CARTWRIGHT, C TI WHAT MUST THE PROFESSION DO TO REMAIN VIABLE INTO THE 21ST-CENTURY SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 AMER FORESTS,CTR FOREST POLICY,WASHINGTON,DC. MEAD CORP,ESCANABA,MI. US FOREST SERV,TIMBER MANAGEMENT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. US FOREST SERV,NEW PERSPECTIVES,WASHINGTON,DC. RESOURCE ISSUES INC,WAYLAND,MA. RP FORCE, JE (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,FOREST RESOURCES,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 90 IS 10 BP 18 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JQ265 UT WOS:A1992JQ26500010 ER PT J AU BEMBRY, L OSBORNE, N AF BEMBRY, L OSBORNE, N TI REMOVING BARRIERS TO DIVERSITY SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,STRATEG PLANNING RESOURCES PROGRAM & ASSESSMENT,WASHINGTON,DC. US FOREST SERV,ADM RESOURCES PROGRAM & ASSESSMENT STAFF,WASHINGTON,DC. RP BEMBRY, L (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SENIOR EXECUT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 90 IS 10 BP 28 EP 32 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JQ265 UT WOS:A1992JQ26500013 ER PT J AU KUHNLE, RA WILLIS, JC AF KUHNLE, RA WILLIS, JC TI MEAN SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF BED-LOAD ON GOODWIN CREEK SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Note RP KUHNLE, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAT SEDIMENTAT LAB,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 1992 VL 118 IS 10 BP 1443 EP 1446 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:10(1443) PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA JP190 UT WOS:A1992JP19000008 ER PT J AU BLAISDELL, FW ANDERSON, CL AF BLAISDELL, FW ANDERSON, CL TI PIPE PLUNGE POOL ENERGY DISSIPATOR - CLOSURE SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP BLAISDELL, FW (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER CONSERVAT STRUCT LAB,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74076, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 1992 VL 118 IS 10 BP 1452 EP 1453 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:10(1452.2) PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA JP190 UT WOS:A1992JP19000011 ER PT J AU SELGRADE, JF NAMKOONG, G AF SELGRADE, JF NAMKOONG, G TI DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR FOR POPULATION-GENETICS MODELS OF DIFFERENTIAL AND DIFFERENCE-EQUATIONS WITH NONMONOTONE FITNESSES SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALLELE FREQUENCY; POPULATION DENSITY; FITNESS; EQUILIBRIUM; PERIODIC SOLUTION; INVARIANT CURVE ID DENSITY AB This paper studies the dynamical behavior of classical 2-dimensional models of continuously and discretely reproducing diploid populations with two alleles at one locus. The phase variables are allele frequency and population density. The genotype fitnesses are not assumed to be monotonically decreasing functions of density. Hence the mean fitness curve is more complicated than in the monotonic case. If genotype fitnesses are only density dependent, results concerning equilibrium stability are obtained similar to those for the monotonic case, and periodic solutions are precluded in the differential equation model. An example with one-hump genotype fitnesses is presented and analyzed. C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,RALEIGH,NC. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT GENET,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP SELGRADE, JF (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MATH,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0303-6812 J9 J MATH BIOL JI J. Math. Biol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 30 IS 8 BP 815 EP 826 PG 12 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA JV034 UT WOS:A1992JV03400004 ER PT J AU ELLIGER, CA WONG, RY BENSON, M GAFFIELD, W WAISS, AC AF ELLIGER, CA WONG, RY BENSON, M GAFFIELD, W WAISS, AC TI DITERPENES OF CALIBRACHOA-PARVIFLORA SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID PETUNIA; SOLANACEAE AB Leaves of Calibrachoa parviflora gave the kauranoids corymbol 6-monoacetate [4] and corymbol 17-monoacetate [5], corymbol 17-(2-methylbutyrate) [6], and corymbol 6-acetate-17-(2-methylbutyrate) [8]. Other new kauranoids were ent-kaurane-7alpha, 16beta,17-triol [9], its 7-acetate [10], and its 7-acetate-17-(2-methylbutyrate) [11), the corresponding 7-ketodiol [12] and its 17-acetate [13]. New pimaranes were 15R,16-dihydroxy-ent-isopimar-8(14)-en-7-one [14] and the ring-closed analogues, 14alpha,16-oxido-ent-isopimar-7-en-15alpha-ol [17] and 14alpha, 16-oxido-ent-isopimar-7-ene-6alpha,15alpha-diol [20]. The known diterpenes, ent-kaurane-16beta,17-diol, its 17-acetate, ent-kaurane-6alpha,16beta,17-triol (corymbol), and its 6,17-diacetate were also obtained. C. parviflora did not yield any of the ergostanoids that are characteristic of Petunia species, thus supporting its recent reassignment into a separate genus. RP ELLIGER, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOGNOSY PI CINCINNATI PA LLOYD LIBRARY & MUSEUM 917 PLUM ST, CINCINNATI, OH 45202 SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 55 IS 10 BP 1477 EP 1487 DI 10.1021/np50088a014 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JT004 UT WOS:A1992JT00400014 ER PT J AU MERSMANN, HJ MCNEEL, RL MORKEBERG, JC SHPARBER, A HACHEY, DL AF MERSMANN, HJ MCNEEL, RL MORKEBERG, JC SHPARBER, A HACHEY, DL TI BETA-ADRENERGIC-RECEPTOR MEDIATED FUNCTIONS IN PORCINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE ARE NOT AFFECTED DIFFERENTLY BY SATURATED VS UNSATURATED DIETARY FATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE PIGS; BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS; LIPOLYSIS; FATTY ACID ESTERIFICATION; SATURATED AND UNSATURATED FATS ID ADENYLATE-CYCLASE ACTIVITY; ADIPOCYTE PLASMA-MEMBRANE; METABOLISM; INVITRO; BINDING; ACIDS; LIVER; OIL AB Young postweaning pigs were fed a high fat diet containing beef tallow (saturated fat) or corn oil (unsaturated fat). Adipose tissue was used to measure adipocyte size and number of cells per gram of tissue, ligand binding by beta-adrenergic receptors and lipolytic and palmitate esterification rates. Pigs fed the saturated fat diet had more saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and less polyunsaturated fatty acid in the crude membrane fraction. Adipocytes were larger in pigs fed the saturated fat diet. There was no difference in the binding affinities of the receptors; more binding sites were expressed on a protein or cell basis and fewer sites were expressed per unit surface area in adipocyte ghosts isolated from pigs fed the saturated fat diet. Fatty acid esterification was greater in pigs fed saturated fat diets. Isoproterenol inhibition was marginal in both groups but tended to be greater in pigs fed saturated fat diets. The beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated lipolytic rates were not different; only the theophylline-stimulated rates tended to be greater in the saturated fat-fed group. Thus, a large increase in saturated fatty acid concentration of porcine adipose tissue membranes caused an increase in beta-adrenergic receptor number without any change in receptor affinity. These receptor changes were at best only marginally reflected in beta-adrenergic agonist-mediated functions. RP MERSMANN, HJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 122 IS 10 BP 1952 EP 1959 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JQ783 UT WOS:A1992JQ78300003 PM 1326615 ER PT J AU VARELAMOREIRAS, G SELHUB, J DACOSTA, KA ZEISEL, SH AF VARELAMOREIRAS, G SELHUB, J DACOSTA, KA ZEISEL, SH TI EFFECT OF CHRONIC CHOLINE DEFICIENCY IN RATS ON LIVER FOLATE CONTENT AND DISTRIBUTION SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FOLATE; FOLATE POLYGLUTAMATES; CHOLINE; DIETARY CHOLINE DEFICIENCY; AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY; HPLC ID METHOTREXATE TREATMENT AB We have previously reported that folate and choline metabolism are interrelated. Total folate concentration was significantly diminished (31 %) when rats were fed a choline-deficient diet for 2 weeks. Distribution among species of folates (differing in pteridine ring structure and/or in the number of glutamic acid residues) was not altered by this short-term dietary deficiency. In the present study we analyzed folate content and distribution in livers after 12 months on a choline-deficient diet. We found that this long-term deficiency did not significantly alter the total folate concentration in liver, however there was a significant difference between the control and deficient groups in the distribution of folate species. Whereas the major folates in the livers of control rats consisted of penta- and hexaglutamyl derivatives, those from the livers of the choline-deficient group were of longer chain lengths including hepta- and octaglutamyl derivatives. It is believed that chain elongation of the glutamate residues reflects, among other things, increased residence time of the folate molecule in the liver. A plausible interpretation of the previous and the present studies is that choline deprivation interferes with the assimilation of newly acquired folate by the hepatic tissue. Initially, during choline deprivation hepatic folate losses due to normal turnover were not promptly replenished, hence, we observed a decrease in folate level. However, when the period of choline deficiency was extended, impairment in the assimilation of folate was probably compensated for by minimizing folate losses by decreasing folate turnover rates. Hence, we observed an elongation of the glutamate ends of folate molecules. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,VITAMIN BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT NUTR,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. NR 12 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 5 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 3 IS 10 BP 519 EP 522 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(92)90073-R PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA JR163 UT WOS:A1992JR16300004 ER PT J AU LASZLO, JA DINTZIS, FR BAKER, FL AF LASZLO, JA DINTZIS, FR BAKER, FL TI CA-2+, K+, AND NA+ CONTENT OF CORN BRAN DURING PASSAGE THROUGH PIG GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT - COMPARISON WITH MODEL PREDICTIONS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DIETARY FIBER; BIOAVAILABILITY; SWINE; ION EXCHANGE ID DIETARY FIBER; WHEAT BRAN; GROWING-PIGS; MINERAL UTILIZATION; PH CONDITIONS; IRON-BINDING; OAT HULLS; CALCIUM; BALANCES; VEGETABLES AB Dietary fibers may limit mineral bioavailability through ion-exchange processes. To critically test this hypothesis, it is necessary to know the extent of mineral binding under gastrointestinal conditions. This work describes the merits and limits of methods devised to determine the extent of ion binding by dietary fiber in vivo. Corn bran was employed as the dietary fiber source. Bran was fed to pigs, then retrieved along with digesta from various gastrointestinal locations. Com bran cation content (Na+, K+, and Ca2+) was determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). EDX-determined ion contents were partitioned into bound and free fractions based on a previously developed ion-exchange model, the estimated free (aqueous) concentrations of electrolytes in the digesta, and the aqueous solution content of hydrated corn bran. The model provided estimates of bound Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ for upper gastrointestinal locations. Colon ion concentrations were too high to be used in the model. Sodium values determined by EDX were insufficiently precise to test the adequacy of the model. Values for K+ and Ca2+ content determined by EDX analysis agreed well with model predictions when the extent of corn bran hydration was known explicitly. Correlation between model and observed values was poorer when bran hydration extent was simply estimated. Model predictions based on measured ion concentrations in the digesta suggest that calcium associated with corn bran in jejunum and ileum segments was predominantly bound, while most K+ and Na+ was free. It was concluded that corn bran can bind sufficient Ca2+ in the upper gastrointestinal tract to impact Ca2+ absorption to a small extent under certain dietary regimes. RP LASZLO, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 3 IS 10 BP 531 EP 538 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(92)90075-T PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA JR163 UT WOS:A1992JR16300006 ER PT J AU GRANSTROM, DE ALVAREZ, O DUBEY, JP COMER, PF WILLIAMS, NM AF GRANSTROM, DE ALVAREZ, O DUBEY, JP COMER, PF WILLIAMS, NM TI EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELITIS IN PANAMANIAN HORSES AND ISOLATION OF SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID MYELOENCEPHALITIS; INVITRO AB Schizonts of Sarcocystis neurona were identified microscopically in hematoxylin-eosin-stained spinal cord sections from 2 native Panamanian horses that exhibited clinical signs of equine protozoal myelitis (EPM). Spinal cord homogenate from a third Panamanian horse with EPM was inoculated onto monolayers of cultured bovine monocytes (M617). Intracytoplasmic schizonts containing merozoites arranged in rosette forms surrounding a central residual body first were observed 13 wk postinoculation. Parasites divided by endopolygeny and lacked rhoptries. Schizonts from each horse reacted with Sarcocystis cruzi antiserum in an immunohistochemical test. C1 MINIST DESARROLLO AGROPECUARIO,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP GRANSTROM, DE (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT VET SCI,MH GLUCK EQUINE RES CTR,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 8 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 78 IS 5 BP 909 EP 912 DI 10.2307/3283328 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA JR773 UT WOS:A1992JR77300030 PM 1403437 ER PT J AU LICHTENFELS, JR PILITT, PA HOBERG, EP AF LICHTENFELS, JR PILITT, PA HOBERG, EP TI THE UNITED-STATES NATIONAL PARASITE COLLECTION - A CENTURY OF SERVICE SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note AB The U.S. National Parasite Collection will complete its first century of service to the field of animal parasitology in 1992. A brief history of the collection and a description of current policies on deposit and loan of specimens are provided. The collection, started in 1892 by Charles Wardell Stiles and Albert Hassall, now includes several constituent collections: The USNM Helminthological Collection, The USDA Parasite Collection, The Hoffmnan-Bangham Collection of Parasites of Freshwater Fish, and The Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Diseases Study Collection of Parasites of White-tailed Deer. Major personal collections have been donated by F. W. Douvres, J. H. Fischthal, A. O. Foster, A. Goldberg, E. P. Hoberg, R. Honess, R. A. Knight, D. C. Kritsky, R. E. Kuntz, G. L. LaRue, D. R. Lincicome, E. Linton, G. A. MacCallum, J. H. Sandground, L. Schultz, and H. J. Van Cleave. In addition to Stiles and Hassall, the collection has been curated by B. H. Ransom, M. C. Hall, A. McIntosh, W. W. Becklund, M. B. Chitwood, and the authors of this report. Other USDA researchers closely associated with the collection over the years include B. G. Chitwood, E. B. Cram, G. Dikmans, J. T. Lucker, E. W. Price, and E. E. Wehr. The collection includes about 90,000 lots of specimens, mostly helminths, but also significant numbers of ticks, mites, protozoans, and other miscellaneous parasites. Annually about 600-1,000 lots are accessioned and 300-400 lots are loaned to researchers around the world. RP LICHTENFELS, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOSYST PARASITOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 78 IS 5 BP 924 EP 929 DI 10.2307/3283334 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA JR773 UT WOS:A1992JR77300036 PM 1403442 ER PT J AU DUDLEY, MA SHULMAN, RJ REEDS, PJ ROSENBERGER, JN PUTMAN, M JOHNSTON, PK PERKINSON, JS NICHOLS, BL AF DUDLEY, MA SHULMAN, RJ REEDS, PJ ROSENBERGER, JN PUTMAN, M JOHNSTON, PK PERKINSON, JS NICHOLS, BL TI DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES IN LACTASE-PHLORHIZIN HYDROLASE PRECURSOR ISOFORMS IN THE RAT SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE MICROSCOPY; LACTASE SPECIFIC ACTIVITY; RELATIVE MASS DISTRIBUTION ID ADULT-TYPE HYPOLACTASIA; INTESTINAL LACTASE; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT; INTRACELLULAR-TRANSPORT; MESSENGER-RNA; EXPRESSION; GLYCOSYLATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; JEJUNUM; ENZYMES AB The purpose of this study was to determine whether the developmental decline in lactase specific activity (mumol/min/g protein) in the rat was associated with (a) changes in the relative quantities of immunoisolated precursor and mature forms of the enzyme purified by SDS-PAGE and/or (b) immunohistologic changes in the jejunal mucosa. We studied 10- and 16-day-old suckling rat pups, 22-day-old weaned rat pups, and adult female rats (nongravid, pregnant, and lactating). Lactase activity was three- to fourfold higher in 10-day-old pups than in adult rats. Lactase activity was 27% greater in lactating compared with nongravid or pregnant rats. Three molecular forms of the enzyme that migrated identically in all animals were observed on SDS-polyacrylamide gels stained with Coomassie blue: 140-kDa (mature brush border form), 200-kDa, and 220-kDa (apparent precursor forms). There was a striking difference in the proportions of the three polypeptides at different ages that was unrelated to animal status, i.e., pregnant or lactating. As the animals aged, the relative amount of the 140-kDa band declined from 86 +/- 1.1% of the total immunoprecipitated lactase in 10-day old suckling pups to 68 +/- 0.79% in adults. Simultaneously, the relative concentration of the 200-kDa band rose from 1.7 +/- 0.4% in the 10-day-old to 19 +/- 0.6% in adults. The relative concentration of the 220-kDa polypeptide did not change as a function of age. In vivo radiolabel infusion studies using [H-3]phenylalanine demonstrated that the isotope was first incorporated into the 200-kDa band and later into the 140-kDa band. Thyroxine treatment induced a precocious decrease in lactase activity and an increase in the relative concentration of the 200-kDa precursor in the 16-day-old, but not the 10-day-old pup. Immunofluorescent microscopy demonstrated lactase in the brush border membranes of all animals. No staining of the crypt cells was observed in 10-day-old animals. By 16 days of age, faint crypt staining was seen, intensifying in the older animals. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP DUDLEY, MA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 15 IS 3 BP 260 EP 269 DI 10.1097/00005176-199210000-00006 PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA JP655 UT WOS:A1992JP65500006 PM 1432463 ER PT J AU WESLEYSMITH, J VERTUCCI, CW BERJAK, P PAMMENTER, NW CRANE, J AF WESLEYSMITH, J VERTUCCI, CW BERJAK, P PAMMENTER, NW CRANE, J TI CRYOPRESERVATION OF DESICCATION-SENSITIVE AXES OF CAMELLIA-SINENSIS IN RELATION TO DEHYDRATION, FREEZING RATE AND THE THERMAL-PROPERTIES OF TISSUE WATER SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CALORIMETRY; CRYOPRESERVATION; FLASH DRYING; FREEZING RATE; RECALCITRANT SEED ID RECALCITRANT SEED; EMBRYONIC AXES; STATE; VIABILITY AB The inter-relationships between water content, rate of freezing to -196-degrees-C, thermal properties of water, and survival were studied in excised embryonic axes of tea seeds. Three freezing rates were used: 10-degrees-C min-1, about 200-degrees-C min-1 and rapid freezing (attained by plunging samples into nitrogen slush). thermic peaks (no freezable water), those with a broad endothermic peak with onset temperature varying Differential scanning calorimetry yielded three categories of melting endotherms: those without endo-with water content, and those with an additional sharp peak at about -2-degrees-C. When axes were cooled slowly, the sharp peak was present at high water contents (> 1.8 g H2O g-1 dw) and was diminished as axes were dried. The sharp peak was not apparent when axes were subjected to rapid freezing. Axes at moisture contents and subjected to freezing rates such that the sharp peak was present in the melting endotherms did not survive in tissue culture. Axes rapidly dried to water contents between 1.1 and 1.6 g H2O g-1 dry mass prior to rapid freezing showed 100 % survival in tissue culture. Ultrastructural studies of freeze fractured replicas showed considerable freezing damage at intermediate freezing rates, but good preservation of subcellular detail under rapid freezing conditions. It is suggested that the sharp peak observed on melting endotherms represents the melting of pure water arising from ice crystals formed during freezing. If axes with a sufficiently high water content are cooled at a freezing rate that prevents the formation of large ice crystals, damage is minimized and survival enhanced. If axes are dried to water content close to the level of non-freezable water, the additional stress of freezing is deleterious. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP WESLEYSMITH, J (reprint author), UNIV NATAL,DEPT BIOL,PLANT CELL BIOL RES GRP,KING GEORGE V AVE,DURBAN 4001,SOUTH AFRICA. RI Pammenter, Norman/E-9357-2010; Berjak, Patricia/E-9362-2010 NR 29 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 6 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 140 IS 5 BP 596 EP 604 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JW081 UT WOS:A1992JW08100016 ER PT J AU GOUNARIS, Y SOWOKINOS, JR AF GOUNARIS, Y SOWOKINOS, JR TI 2-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEINS FROM POTATO CULTIVARS RESISTANT AND SENSITIVE TO COLD-INDUCED SWEETENING SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; COLD-INDUCED SWEETENING; MITOCHONDRIA; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; PERCOLL GRADIENT; TEMPERATURE ID CHILLING INJURY; TEMPERATURE; RESPIRATION; STORAGE; OXYGEN AB Tubers of four potato cultivars (ND860-2, ND651-9, Kennebec and Russet Burbank) were stored at 3 and 9-degrees-C for five months. Some of the cold-stressed tubers were placed into reconditioned storage (18-degrees-C) for the last one and a half months of this period. Mitochondria were extracted and purified using Percoll gradient centrifugation. Temperature-induced changes in the buoyant density of the mitochondria were detected. Cold temperature (3-degrees-C) resulted in mitochondria of a lower buoyant density in all cultivars tested. The change in density was more pronounced, however, in the cultivars accumulating higher amounts of reducing sugars. The shift to lighter mitochondria was reversed after reconditioning at 18-degrees-C. The low sugar accumulating cultivar ND860-2 was the only one to retain a higher density band of mitochondria (1.056 g/mL) after being subjected to cold-stress for five months. Total mitochondrial proteins were analyzed using two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A 26-kDa polypeptide was detected after cold stressing primarily in the higher sugar accumulating cultivars. The amounts of the 26-kDa protein decreased upon reconditioning. This polypeptide was absent from the mitochondria of ND860-2 regardless of the storage temperature used. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT HORT SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP GOUNARIS, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS,POTATO RES LAB,311 5TH AVE NE,E GRAND FORKS,MN 56721, USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 140 IS 5 BP 611 EP 616 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JW081 UT WOS:A1992JW08100018 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, WC CARDINA, J MULLINIX, BG AF JOHNSON, WC CARDINA, J MULLINIX, BG TI CROP AND WEED MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON WEED POPULATIONS IN A SHORT-TERM CORN CORN PEANUT ROTATION SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Corn (Zea mays L.) is commonly grown in rotation with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to improve management of peanut pests, including weeds. Field studies were conducted from 1988 through 1990 at Tifton, GA, to determine the effects of crops and weed management systems on weed populations in a corn-corn-peanut rotation. Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC] and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) were the predominant species in corn where high-input weed management systems were used. Florida pusley (Richardia scabra L.) was the predominant species in corn where no herbicides were used. The observed changes in Florida beggarweed and Florida pusley populations were not expressed when peanut was planted in 1990. Yellow nutsedge populations in peanut were greater where high-input weed management in corn was previously used for 2 yr compared to where no herbicides were used. Numbers of viable Florida beggarweed and Texas panicum (Panicum texanum Buckl.) seed in the soil were not affected by weed management systems in corn. Numbers of Florida pusley seed increased where no herbicides were used in corn, however. Glyphosate herbicide applied after corn harvest reduced yellow nutsedge populations in future peanut crops, but Florida beggarweed, Florida pusley, and Texas panicum populations were not affected. Postharvest weed management in corn for 2 yr had little effect on numbers of viable weed seed in the soil. Corn yields in 1988 and 1989 were not affected by weed management systems. Peanut yields were significantly lower where no herbicides were used in peanut. RP JOHNSON, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 5 IS 4 BP 566 EP 570 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KA523 UT WOS:A1992KA52300030 ER PT J AU BRINK, GE FAIRBROTHER, TE AF BRINK, GE FAIRBROTHER, TE TI BERMUDAGRASS-SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER RESPONSE TO NITROGEN APPLICATION SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Overseeding perennial warm-season grasses with annual clovers can extend the grazing season and improve available forage quality. Grass yield following annual clovers may be reduced however, compared with grass-N systems. Our objective was to determine the effect of rate and date of N application on the productivity and quality of hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] following subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), and on subsequent clover establishment. On a Catalpa silty clay soil (fine, montmorillonitic. thermic Fluvaquentic Hapludoll), 'Tifton 44' bermudagrass previously overseeded with 'Mt. Barker' subterranean clover was fertilized with no N or with 60 lb N/acre in early June, July, or August in combinations of any one. two, or three months in each of 2 yr. After the final harvest (1 September), bermudagrass was clipped every 7 or 28 d through the fall, when rainfall sufficient for clover germination was received. Clover establishment and yield were determined beginning in early October. Results indicate that dry matter (DM) yield of bermudagrass was increased over that receiving no N by a split-application of 120 lb N/acre in July and August (mean of 3715 vs. 4420 lb DM/acre). Applying 60 lb N/acre in early June did not increase total yield over no N. Application of N increased crude protein concentration of bermudagrass forage from a mean of 10.2 to 11.9% in only one of three harvests each year. Total N fertilizer uptake efficiency by the bermudagrass was low (range of 3 to 17%) and similar among all N rates. Although unaffected by date and rate of N application, establishment and yield of clover were improved when bermudagrass was clipped on 7- vs. 28-d intervals prior to, and during, emergence of clover seedlings in the fall. RP BRINK, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 5 IS 4 BP 591 EP 595 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KA523 UT WOS:A1992KA52300035 ER PT J AU SODERSTROM, EL BRANDL, DG MACKEY, B AF SODERSTROM, EL BRANDL, DG MACKEY, B TI HIGH-TEMPERATURE COMBINED WITH CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHED OR REDUCED OXYGEN ATMOSPHERES FOR CONTROL OF TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM (HERBST) (COLEOPTERA, TENEBRIONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Heat combined with controlled atmospheres increased mortality of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) larvae when temperatures of greater-than-or-equal-to 38-degrees-C were combined with carbon dioxide enriched or oxygen deficient atmospheres. Preconditioning of larvae to treatment temperature for 24 or 48 hr prior to controlled atmosphere treatments at 38-degrees-C significantly reduced larval mortality relative to a 1 hr preconditioning. Heat combined with controlled atmospheres can significantly reduce treatment time. However, if heat is applied prior to the application of controlled atmospheres, the time of treatment must be extended. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP SODERSTROM, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 7 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 28 IS 4 BP 235 EP 238 DI 10.1016/0022-474X(92)90002-8 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JT817 UT WOS:A1992JT81700002 ER PT J AU MULLEN, MA AF MULLEN, MA TI DEVELOPMENT OF A PHEROMONE TRAP FOR MONITORING TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; COLEOPTERA AB Several commercially available pheromone traps were compared for their efficiency in capturing adult Tribolium castaneum under simulated warehouse conditions. The traps compared were the Storgard(R), the PT 6 Allure(R), and the Trappit(R). Traps differed significantly in their effectiveness. Several new designs were tested and the Savannah trap, developed from a tennis ball canister, was found to be the most effective. This design has been refined and patented as U.S. Patent number 5,090,153. RP MULLEN, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 13 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 28 IS 4 BP 245 EP 249 DI 10.1016/0022-474X(92)90004-A PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JT817 UT WOS:A1992JT81700004 ER PT J AU ZAHN, JJ AF ZAHN, JJ TI REEXAMINATION OF YLINEN AND OTHER COLUMN EQUATIONS SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB In 1991, Ylinen's column equation was adopted for the design of wood columns in the United States. Ylinen originally derived this equation as a plastic buckling criterion, using a nonlinear compressive stress-strain law as the starting point. The stress-strain law contained a parameter c less-than-or-equal-to 1, which controlled the degree of nonlinearity. Linearity was achieved at c = 1. This same parameter appeared in the final column equation. At c = 1, the column equation reduced to elementary theory, i.e., to a perfectly plastic-perfectly elastic failure criterion. Column design equations are viewed in this paper as interaction equations between two modes of failure: crushing and buckling. Ylinen's column equation is found to result from the addition of a cross-product term to the linear interaction equation. This enables us to view c as measuring the degree of departure from the assumptions of elementary theory, including such phenomena as inhomogeneity of material, imperfections of shape, and accidental eccentricity of loading, in addition to nonlinearity of the stress-strain law. Column design equations from wood design codes in Europe and Canada are compared and discussed from this point of view. RP ZAHN, JJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 1992 VL 118 IS 10 BP 2716 EP 2728 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:10(2716) PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA JP414 UT WOS:A1992JP41400006 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, HL VIRK, SPS MAYCLIN, P BARBIERI, T AF JOHNSON, HL VIRK, SPS MAYCLIN, P BARBIERI, T TI PREDICTING TOTAL-BODY WATER AND EXTRACELLULAR FLUID VOLUMES FROM BIOELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS OF THE HUMAN-BODY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE INTRACELLULAR FLUID VOLUME; BODY COMPOSITION METHODS; BIOLOGICAL IMPEDANCE; BIOLOGICAL ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; DEUTERIUM DILUTIONAL VOLUME; BROMIDE SPACE; BODY HYDRATION STATUS ID FLUORESCENT EXCITATION ANALYSIS; IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS; CROSS-VALIDATION; MASS AB Two biological impedance analyzers, a 50 kHz (RJL) and 20-100 kHz (BMA) instrument, and a total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) instrument were used to estimate total body water (TBW), extracellular (ECF) and intracellular (ICF) fluid volumes by repeated measurements of 16 normal men (19-38 years old) to assess which, if any, would provide the best estimates. At 3-week intervals, TBW was determined by deuterium dilution, ECF by bromide dilution, ICF by difference (TBW-ECF) and lean body mass by density. Prediction equations were obtained by regression; predicted values for the body fluid volumes were calculated and the results were statistically evaluated. Both the TOBEC and the BMA provided rapid and reliable estimates for body fluid volumes with standard errors of the estimates of about 0.5-1.1 L for ECF, 1.0-1.8 L for TBW, and 1.0-1.3 L for ICF. Part of the error was attributable to standard tracer-dilution methods. RP JOHNSON, HL (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 11 IS 5 BP 539 EP 547 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JQ469 UT WOS:A1992JQ46900009 PM 1452952 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, MM DIEFENDORF, EJ BROWN, EM MARMER, WN AF TAYLOR, MM DIEFENDORF, EJ BROWN, EM MARMER, WN TI CHARACTERIZATION OF PRODUCTS ISOLATED BY ENZYME TREATMENT OF CHROMIUM-CONTAINING LEATHER WASTE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Enzymic processing of chrome shavings and trimmings has previously been shown to be a viable treatment of this substantial waste product generated by the tanning industry. Characterization of the chrome cakes and the protein generated by these treatments was an important next step in this research. Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather and these varying processes are dependent on the type of leather to be produced. Also, because of environmental restrictions, a minimum amount of chrome should be present in the effluent. Chrome shavings were obtained from three tanneries. The blue stock had been processed by conventional, albeit different, tannages. For optimal solubility, an individual pretreatment was developed for each type of shavings. They were then treated enzymically and the chrome cake and the protein fraction were isolated. Analyses of the shavings, the chromium-containing cakes and the protein fraction showed that chromium containing leather waste from a variety of sources can be enzymically digested when the appropriate pretreatment is performed. The chemical composition of the isolated products is dependent on the type of treatment and on the composition of the original chromium-containing leather waste product. RP TAYLOR, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 87 IS 10 BP 380 EP 388 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA LE119 UT WOS:A1992LE11900002 ER PT J AU PIAZZA, GJ BILYK, A BROWER, DP HAAS, MJ AF PIAZZA, GJ BILYK, A BROWER, DP HAAS, MJ TI THE POSITIONAL AND FATTY-ACID SELECTIVITY OF OAT SEED LIPASE IN AQUEOUS EMULSIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE AVENA-SATIVA; DIACYLGLYCEROL; LIPOLYSIS; RHIZOPUS-DELEMAR; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; UNSATURATED FATTY ACID ID AVENA-SATIVA L; THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; GEOTRICHUM-CANDIDUM; SPECIFICITY; GENERATION; CATALYST; OIL AB The positional and fatty acid selectivities of oat (Avena sativa L.) seed lipase (triacylglycerol hydrolase EC 3.1.1.3) were examined. Pure triacylglycerols were used as substrates. The products of lipolysis were examined by thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. Only symmetrical triacylglycerols were used as substrates; thus potential complications arising from stereo-bias were avoided. Controls were carried out with a lipase specific for primary positions. The lipase from oat seeds catalyzed the hydrolysis of both primary and secondary esters. When the lipase was tested upon mixtures of homoacid triacylglycerols (triacylglycerols composed of the same three fatty acids), the lipase acted most rapidly upon those containing oleate, elaidate, linoleate and linolenate. Strong intermolecular selectivity against homoacid triacylglycerols containing palmitate, petroselinate and stearate was observed. Comparison of assays performed at 26-degrees-C with those performed at 45-degrees-C showed that selectivity was temperature-independent. When mixed-acid triacylglycerols containing both oleate and stearate were treated with lipase, intramolecular selectivity was observed, with oleate hydrolysis predominating. From this work and earlier work, it can be concluded that the selectivity exhibited by the oat seed lipase is similar to that of the lipase from Geotrichum candidum, except that the oat seed lipase attacks elaidate, a fatty acyl group with a trans double bond, whereas the G. candidum lipase strongly discriminates against elaidate. RP PIAZZA, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. OI Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 69 IS 10 BP 978 EP 981 DI 10.1007/BF02541061 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JV427 UT WOS:A1992JV42700005 ER PT J AU HAYES, DG KLEIMAN, R AF HAYES, DG KLEIMAN, R TI RECOVERY OF HYDROXY FATTY-ACIDS FROM LESQUERELLA OIL WITH LIPASES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE HYDROLYSIS; HYDROXY ACIDS; LESQUERELLA-FENDLERI; LESQUEROLIC ACID; LIPASES; REVERSE MICELLES ID CASTOR-OIL; REVERSE MICELLES; SEED-OIL; FENDLERI AB Two hydroxy acids, lesquerolic (53 wt%) and auricolic (4%), are present at significant quantities in Lesquerella fendleri seed oil. Results reported here indicate the selective release of hydroxy fatty acids during hydrolysis of this oil catalyzed by Rhizopus arrhizus lipase. For example, hydroxy acids composed 85-90 wt% of the free fatty acids released during lipolysis, as compared to 54% present overall in the oil. In addition, over 80% of the lesquerolic acid is released from the triglycerides. The reason for this lipases success was determined to be its 1,3-positional specificity. The vast majority of lesquerella oil's hydroxy acids is at the 1- and 3-positions of its triglycerides, as confirmed by the compositional analysis of partial glycerides formed during lipolysis. RP HAYES, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,NEW CROPS RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 69 IS 10 BP 982 EP 985 DI 10.1007/BF02541062 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JV427 UT WOS:A1992JV42700006 ER PT J AU SANDERS, TH VERCELLOTTI, JR CRIPPEN, KL HINSCH, RT RASMUSSEN, GK EDWARDS, JH AF SANDERS, TH VERCELLOTTI, JR CRIPPEN, KL HINSCH, RT RASMUSSEN, GK EDWARDS, JH TI QUALITY FACTORS IN EXPORTED PEANUTS FROM ARGENTINA, CHINA AND THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; EXPORT; OIL COMPOSITION; PEANUTS; QUALITY; SHELF LIFE ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; MATURITY; FLAVOR; OIL AB In three crop years (1986-1988), peanuts exported from Argentina, China and the United States were evaluated for biochemical composition relative to flavor and shelf-life quality potentials and physical size conformity. Relationships were consistent in that oil stability was associated with high tocopherol and oleic/linoleic acid ratio, and with low free fatty acid, peroxide, carbonyl, and copper and iron content. Peanuts from specific origins had recurring component patterns, with highest indications for shelf life and flavor potential in United States samples. Although no single factor or group of factors can be relied on completely as predictors of flavor or quality, these data establish a significant positive relationship between oil quality factors and roasted peanut flavor quality potential. Argentina and United States peanuts were the most consistently sized, and China peanuts generally had the lowest count/weight. C1 USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,DAWSON,GA. USDA ARS,MKT RES,ROTTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. USDA ARS,SOIL DYNAM RES,AUBURN,AL 36831. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 69 IS 10 BP 1032 EP 1035 DI 10.1007/BF02541072 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JV427 UT WOS:A1992JV42700016 ER PT J AU GIBSON, RL ELLIOTT, NC SCHAEFER, P AF GIBSON, RL ELLIOTT, NC SCHAEFER, P TI LIFE-HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF SCYMNUS-FRONTALIS (FABRICIUS) (COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE) ON 4 SPECIES OF APHID SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The ladybird beetle, Scymnus frontalis (Fabricius), was imported from Turkey as a potential predator of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordviklo). Larval developmental time and adult fecundity were examined for S. frontalis fed four aphid species: the Russian wheat aphid; the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani); the English grain aphid, Macrosiphum avenae (L.); and the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). Larvae reared on Russian wheat aphids completed development 0.7 to 1.4 days sooner and weighed 0.5 to 0.3 mg less than those reared on English grain aphids or pea aphids, respectively. No differences were found in adult survival or fecundity for adults reared on Russian wheat aphids, greenbugs, or pea aphids. The intrinsic rate of (0.73) was significantly greater for S. frontalis fed Russian wheat aphids compared with those fed pea aphids or greenbugs (0.60 and 0.63, respectively). In a prey preference test, S. frontalis larvae ate 323/600 first- or second-instar Russian wheat aphids and 274/600 English grain aphids indicating a slight preference for Russian wheat aphids as prey. C1 USDA ARS,NPA,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 65 IS 4 BP 410 EP 415 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KQ286 UT WOS:A1992KQ28600006 ER PT J AU FISHER, JR AF FISHER, JR TI LOCATION OF EGG PODS OF AULOCARA-ELLIOTTI (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) IN A FIELD OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS IN MONTANA SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The big-headed grasshopper, Aulocara elliotti (Thomas), selected specific oviposition sites in a field of crested wheatgrass in southwest Montana. Results indicate that selection could be influenced by soil temperature. Six locations were sampled for egg pods after oviposition terminated in the fall: the north, south, east and west sides of grass clumps, the center of grass clumps and the bare area to the south of each grass clump. Surface and soil temperature were taken. Significantly more egg pods were found on the south side of clumps than on the east side or in the bare areas. However, these three locations contained nearly three times more egg pods than the west or north side. No egg pods were found in the center of the grass clumps. The south sides of clumps were found to have the warmest soil temperature, with the east sides not significantly different in temperature from the bare area. The distribution of the number of egg pods found at any location was random for the north and west sides of grass clumps but not random for the south, east or bare locations. RP FISHER, JR (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NPA,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 65 IS 4 BP 416 EP 420 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KQ286 UT WOS:A1992KQ28600007 ER PT J AU BARKER, JF AF BARKER, JF TI DIAPAUSE IN LABORATORY REARED BANDED SUNFLOWER MOTHS, COCHYLIS-HOSPES WALSINGHAM (LEPIDOPTERA, COCHYLIDAE), IN RELATION TO TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOPERIOD SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Photoperiod and temperature are important environmental regulators of diapause in the banded sunflower moth Cochylis hospes. A 9 hour photophase was diapause inducing and a 15 hour photophase was diapause averting. Photophase influenced the temperature at which diapause was induced. The percentage of fifth instar larvae that diapaused increased from 0 at 28-degrees-C to 96.6% at 20-degrees-C with a 15:9 Light: Dark (L:D) cycle. On a 9:15 (L:D) cycle, 100% of the fifth instars diapaused at 20, 22, and 25-degrees-C and 30.0% diapaused at 28-degrees-C. A progressive delay in development of the 5th instar to the adult was observed when early instars were exposed to diapause inducing conditions and then moved to diapause averting conditions. The ability to regulate diapause induction by experimental manipulation of light and temperature regimes and the inability of the insect to maintain diapause if transferred from diapause inducing conditions to diapause averting conditions indicated C hospes had a facultative diapause. RP BARKER, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 65 IS 4 BP 431 EP 434 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KQ286 UT WOS:A1992KQ28600009 ER PT J AU FISHER, JR SUTTER, GR JACKSON, JJ AF FISHER, JR SUTTER, GR JACKSON, JJ TI DAMAGE BY AND SURVIVAL TO ADULTHOOD OF PROGENY OF DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) FROM FIELD AND LABORATORY ORIGINS SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CORN-ROOTWORM COLEOPTERA; ARTIFICIAL INFESTATIONS; INSECTICIDE TREATMENTS; POPULATION-DENSITY; IMMATURES; EMERGENCE; PLANTS; MAIZE AB Using controlled infestations, the efficacy of progeny from laboratory-reared Diabrotica virgifera virgifera was compared with those from field collected D. v. virgifera over three seasons. Efficacy was determined through com root damage ratings. Root damage ratings indicated that progeny from field collected adults and from laboratory-reared adults produced similar damage. Survival to adulthood was determined with emergence cages. Emergence for each egg density by origin was the same. This study demonstrates that: 1) larvae from laboratory reared eggs are as damaging as those from field collected origins; and 2) that studies using controlled infestations of com rootworms should evaluate adult survival. C1 USDA ARS,NPA,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 65 IS 4 BP 435 EP 442 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KQ286 UT WOS:A1992KQ28600010 ER PT J AU WILSON, RL OLSON, DL AF WILSON, RL OLSON, DL TI TARNISHED PLANT BUG, LYGUS-LINEOLARIS (PALISOT-DE-BEAUVOIS) (HEMIPTERA, MIRIDAE) - EFFECT ON YIELD OF GRAIN AMARANTH, AMARANTHUS-CRUENTUS L, IN FIELD CAGES SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Note AB Herbivory by the tarnished plant bug (TPB), Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), reduces seed production on individual terminal heads of grain amaranth, Amaranthus cruentus L. The effect on the seed yield of TPB feeding on whole plants was determined by a 2-year study at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station, Ames, Iowa. Seed weight obtained from the uninfested plots was highly significantly different from that of plots infested by TPB. In 1989, seed weight from plants in the uninfested plots was 24 times greater than from those in the infested plots. In 1990, the seed weight in uninfested plots was 252 times greater than in infested plots. This study shows that TPB herbivory may severely reduce seed yield of amaranth in the midwestern United States. RP WILSON, RL (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,PLANT INTRODUCT STN,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 65 IS 4 BP 450 EP 452 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KQ286 UT WOS:A1992KQ28600013 ER PT J AU BARKER, JF AF BARKER, JF TI PLANT-AGE AS A FACTOR IN THE FEEDING PREFERENCE OF THE SUNFLOWER STEM WEEVIL, CYLINDROCOPTURUS-ADSPERSUS LECONTE (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Note AB Feeding preferences of Cylindrocopturus adspersus, the sunflower stem weevil, were examined in relation to age and developmental stage of two sunflower hybrids. Feeding tests were conducted using leaf disks from plants of different ages and from leaves in the mid-section and top of the same plant. Age of the sunflower plant had a significant influence on feeding preference. Leaf disks from plants 6 weeks old were preferred over leaf disks from plants 8 weeks or older. The change in feeding preference coincided with the end of vegetative growth and the development of seeds in the sunflower head. Leaves at the top of the plant expand and mature last but changes which affect feeding preference occur simultaneously in the top and midsection of the same plant. Age and developmental stage of the sunflower plant must be considered when studying feeding preferences of C adspersus. RP BARKER, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 65 IS 4 BP 453 EP 455 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KQ286 UT WOS:A1992KQ28600014 ER PT J AU THOMAS, DB AF THOMAS, DB TI A FOSSIL EMPICORIS-WOLFF (REDUVIIDAE, HETEROPTERA) FROM MEXICAN AMBER WITH REMARKS ON THE PHYLOGENETIC STATUS OF THE FOSSIL GENUS ALUMEDA-POPOV SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A fossil emesine reduviid (Heteroptera) is described from the Oligo-Miocene amber from the Simojovel formation of Chiapas, Mexico. The single specimen is described as a new species, Empicoris electricus. The characteristics of the fossil genus Alumeda are found to link the extant genera Empicoris and Ctydinna. RP THOMAS, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 100 IS 4 BP 535 EP 539 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB234 UT WOS:A1992KB23400001 ER PT J AU KATZ, JB PEDERSEN, JC JENNY, AL TAYLOR, WD AF KATZ, JB PEDERSEN, JC JENNY, AL TAYLOR, WD TI ASSESSMENT OF WESTERN IMMUNOBLOTTING FOR THE CONFIRMATORY DIAGNOSIS OF OVINE SCRAPIE AND BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Note RP KATZ, JB (reprint author), USDA,SCI & TECHNOL ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 4 IS 4 BP 447 EP 449 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JW629 UT WOS:A1992JW62900014 PM 1457549 ER PT J AU RUMBLE, MA AF RUMBLE, MA TI ROOSTING HABITAT OF MERRIAM TURKEYS IN THE BLACK HILLS, SOUTH-DAKOTA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID AVAILABILITY DATA; PREFERENCE; SITES AB Lack of roost habitat (trees greater-than-or-equal-to 40 cm diameter breast height [dbh] and greater-than-or-equal-to 18 m2/ha basal area) can limit populations of Merriam's turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo merriami). The Black Hills region has relatively large populations of Merriam's turkeys, yet trees a 40 cm dbh are uncommon. Consequently, I studied roosting habitat of this subspecies in a hierarchical manner to quantify roost habitat requirements in an area of apparent limited suitable roost habitat. Little or no selection for roosts occurred among macrohabitats. Basal area at roost sites averaged 19-25 ml/ha. Winter and summer (excluding hens with poult) roost sites were more similar than roost sites selected by hens with poults or random sites. Vegetative characteristics at roost plots showed trends toward trees with larger dbh, lower tree density (stems/ha), and higher basal area (m2/ha). Roost trees averaged 35 cm dbh, but trees greater-than-or-equal-to 23 cm dbh were used. Roost trees had layered horizontal branches and often large dbh, but large dbh was not a prerequisite for roost trees. Timber management practices in the Black Hills that modify the forest below 21 m2/ha and decrease the number of 25-35 cm dbh trees will reduce roosting habitat for Merriam's turkeys. RP RUMBLE, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,501 E ST JOE,RAPID CITY,SD 57701, USA. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 BP 750 EP 759 DI 10.2307/3809470 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA JU694 UT WOS:A1992JU69400018 ER PT J AU BULL, EL HOLTHAUSEN, RS HENJUM, MG AF BULL, EL HOLTHAUSEN, RS HENJUM, MG TI ROOST TREES USED BY PILEATED WOODPECKERS IN NORTHEASTERN OREGON SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB We wanted to identify the types of trees and habitat used by pileated woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) for roosting, and to develop management guidelines to provide this habitat. Thus, we located 123 roost trees used by 22 pileated woodpeckers and observed their roosting behavior in northeastern Oregon, 1989-90. In all 443 instances, adult pileated woodpeckers roosted inside a cavity at night. The majority (62%) of the roosts were in grand fir (Abies grandis), both live and dead, that, were extensively decayed by Indian paint fungus (Echinodontium tinctorium). The decay had created a hollow chamber inside the tree that averaged 4.3 m long (SE = 0.22) and 28 cm (0.29) wide where birds roosted. The majority of roosts occurred in old-growth stands of grand fir, with greater-than-or-equal-to 60% canopy closure and little or no logging activity. Trees used for roosting and for nesting differed. Roost trees usually were live grand fir, were smaller in diameter, had more holes, and occurred lower on the slope than did nest trees. Roost habitat should be provided within 243-ha management areas for pileated woodpeckers and should retain old-growth stands of grand fir, large-diameter grand fir infected with Indian paint fungus, and large-diameter dead ponderosa pine in old-growth stands on mid- to upper slopes. Management agencies also should use the formula we developed to determine the number of roost trees to retain within each pileated woodpecker management area. C1 OREGON DEPT FISH & WILDLIFE,LA GRANDE,OR 97850. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW REG,PORTLAND,OR 97208. RP BULL, EL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,1401 GEKELER LANE,LA GRANDE,OR 97850, USA. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 BP 786 EP 793 DI 10.2307/3809474 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA JU694 UT WOS:A1992JU69400022 ER PT J AU BRUGGER, KE AF BRUGGER, KE TI REPELLENCY OF SUCROSE TO CAPTIVE AMERICAN ROBINS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID BIRDS; RESPONSES; NECTAR; SUGARS AB American robins (Turdus migratorius) are often pests of commercial fruit crops in North America. Because robins lack sucrase and cannot digest sucrose, they may develop an aversion to high-sucrose fruits. Thus, I tested captive robins with aqueous solutions of 15% (g/mL) mixed sugars (x% sucrose + y% glucose and fructose mixture = 15% sugar) to identify the level of sucrose required to develop a conditioned feeding aversion when digestible sugars are present. In 1-tube tests, robins decreased intake of 15% sucrose solutions 50% below baseline, but maintained stable intake of 3.75% and 7.5% sucrose solutions. In 2-tube tests with sucrose solutions paired against a glucose-fructose solution, robins avoided the 15% treatment in the first hour of testing (P < 0.05), yet were indifferent in the full 4-hour test (P > 0.05). My data suggest that a fruit cultivar would require as much as 15% sucrose to repel robins, and such high sugar concentrations naturally occur in fruits. Development of high sucrose cultivars would require almost complete replacement of simple sugars by sucrose and might be possible through selective breeding. RP BRUGGER, KE (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,FLORIDA FIELD STN,2820 E UNIV AVE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601, USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 BP 794 EP 799 DI 10.2307/3809475 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA JU694 UT WOS:A1992JU69400023 ER PT J AU AVERY, ML DECKER, DG AF AVERY, ML DECKER, DG TI REPELLENCY OF CINNAMIC ACID-ESTERS TO CAPTIVE RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID METHYL ANTHRANILATE; BIRD REPELLENTS; PLANT CHEMISTRY; QUAKING ASPEN; RICE AB Each year, blackbirds cause millions of dollars of damage to newly planted rice in the southern United States. Currently, there is no product registered as a bird repellent rice seed treatment, so we conducted 2-cup feeding trials with individually caged male red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) to test the repellency of methyl cinnamate and ethyl cinnamate, 2 naturally occurring esters of cinnamic acid. While ethyl cinnamate was moderately deterrent, consumption of treated rice was virtually eliminated by a 1.0% (g/g) application of methyl cinnamate. Additional effort should be given to understanding the chemical and physiological bases of repellency of feeding deterrents such as methyl cinnamate as well as to the development of these materials as bird management tools. RP AVERY, ML (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,FLORIDA FIELD STN,2820 E UNIV AVE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601, USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 BP 800 EP 805 DI 10.2307/3809476 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA JU694 UT WOS:A1992JU69400024 ER PT J AU TOBIN, ME SUGIHARA, RT AF TOBIN, ME SUGIHARA, RT TI ABUNDANCE AND HABITAT RELATIONSHIPS OF RATS IN HAWAIIAN SUGARCANE FIELDS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB A better understanding of factors that influence the distribution and abundance of 3 species of rats that occur in Hawaii and cause extensive damage to sugarcane fields should lead to more effective control strategies, such as species-specific use of rodenticides or habitat management that reduces pest populations. Thus, we estimated the relative abundances of the 3 species of rats at 4 Hawaiian sugarcane plantations that historically have received high levels of rodent damage, and quantified various environmental factors that might influence the distribution of these rodents. Overall, we captured 526 Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), 335 Polynesian rats (R. exulans), and 139 black rats (R. rattus) during 11,200 trap-nights. Total capture success for the 3 species was similar among 3 Hawaii Island plantations and was about 5 times greater at each of these than at a plantation on the island of Kauai. Either Norway rats or Polynesian rats were most numerous within any given field; black rats were captured mostly near field edges. The abundance of Norway rats was positively associated with precipitation at 2 plantations, negatively related to this variable at another plantation, and negatively related to elevation at 2 plantations. Cane age, stalk density, mat depth, grass cover, and forb cover were associated with Norway captures at 1 plantation each. The analysis for black rats produced a significant (P < 0.05) regression for only 1 plantation, where capture success of this species was positively associated with cane age and grass cover, and negatively associated with precipitation and forb cover. The abundance of Polynesian rats was directly related to elevation in the sole significant (P < 0.05) regression for this species. Our data indicate that managers should direct controls first toward Norway rats, especially in low elevation fields that receive abundant rain, and then toward Polynesian rats. RP TOBIN, ME (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,POB 10880,HILO,HI 96721, USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 4 BP 816 EP 822 DI 10.2307/3809479 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA JU694 UT WOS:A1992JU69400027 ER PT J AU WINDLE, JJ SCHERRER, R AF WINDLE, JJ SCHERRER, R TI ESR SPIN PROBE STUDY OF WATER WITHIN COVALENTLY CROSS-LINKED, DEXTRAN-BASED MICROBEAD HYDROGELS (SEPHADEX(R)G) SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE COMPARTMENTALIZATION; DIELECTRIC CONSTANT; ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEL; HYDROGEN BONDING; HYDROPHOBICITY; MICROBEADS; MICROVISCOSITY; NITROGEN HYPERFINE SPLITTING CONSTANT; ROTATIONAL CORRELATION TIME; SEPHADEX G; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SPIN PROBES; WATER ID HYPERFINE SPLITTING CONSTANT; COMPARTMENTALIZED WATER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; GELS; RELAXATION; NITROXIDES; PARTITION; MEMBRANES; SPECTRA; PHASES AB Aqueous suspensions of dextran-based Sephadex(R) G microbeads of progressively increasing degrees of covalent crosslinking and concomitantly decreasing water content formed a two-phase system consisting of the water-swollen microbeads of diameter 100-300 mum, the hydrogel phase, and of the surrounding water, the aqueous phase. These suspensions were analyzed by ESR spectroscopy using a series of small amphipathic nitroxide spin probes which partitioned between the two phases. Probe partition coefficients increased with decreasing gel water content for the more hydrophobic probes and decreased for the more hydrophilic probes. The ESR spectra of the suspensions consisted of the superposition of the spectra for the probes in the two phases. From the partition coefficients and the spectral parameters of the probes in the suspension and in the aqueous phase, relative rotational correlation times, tau(C), and isotropic nitrogen nuclear hyperfine splitting constants, a(N), for the probes in the aqueous hydrogel interior were determined. For each probe, tau(C) increased and a(N) decreased with increasing crosslinking and decreasing gel water content, indicating increasing microviscosity and decreasing dielectric constant and hydrophilicity for the gel water. The alterations in the gel water properties resulted from increasing gel matrix-water interactions and were further enhanced for water within the restricted volumes (compartments) in the most highly crosslinked hydrogels (Sephadex G-15 and G-10). In addition, the a(N) values indicated that two hydrogen bonds were formed to the nitroxide group of the probes in water and that, in the hydrogels, the hydrogen bonding contribution to a(N) progressively increased as the water content decreased. RP WINDLE, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0749-1581 J9 MAGN RESON CHEM JI Magn. Reson. Chem. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 30 IS 10 BP 927 EP 939 DI 10.1002/mrc.1260301003 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA JT240 UT WOS:A1992JT24000002 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP SRETER, T AF DUBEY, JP SRETER, T TI ON THE NEOSPOROSIS - A NEWLY DISCOVERED PROTOZOAL DISEASE IN THE DOMESTIC-ANIMALS SO MAGYAR ALLATORVOSOK LAPJA LA Hungarian DT Review C1 USDA,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HUNGARICA KIADO KFT PI BUDAPEST PA WESSELENYI U 28, H-1075 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0025-004X J9 MAGY ALLATORVOSOK JI Magy. Allatorv. Lapja PD OCT PY 1992 VL 47 IS 10 BP 533 EP 536 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JZ209 UT WOS:A1992JZ20900005 ER PT J AU VARLEY, DA PODILA, GK HIREMATH, ST AF VARLEY, DA PODILA, GK HIREMATH, ST TI CUTINASE IN CRYPHONECTRIA-PARASITICA, THE CHESTNUT BLIGHT FUNGUS - SUPPRESSION OF CUTINASE GENE-EXPRESSION IN ISOGENIC HYPOVIRULENT STRAINS CONTAINING DOUBLE-STRANDED RNAS SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID F-SP-PISI; ENDOTHIA-PARASITICA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; COLLETOTRICHUM-GLOEOSPORIOIDES; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; PURIFICATION; ACCUMULATION; PENETRATION; MICHIGAN AB Plant-pathogenic fungi produce cutinase, an enzyme required to degrade plant cuticles and facilitate penetration into the host. The absence of cutinase or a decrease in its production has been associated with a decrease in pathogenicity of the fungus. A set of isogenic strains of Cryphonectria parasitica, the chestnut blight fungus, was tested for the presence and amounts of cutinase activity. The virulent strain of C parasitica produced and secreted significantly higher amounts of cutinase than the hypovirulent strains. Use of both nucleic acid and polyclonal antibody probes for cutinase from Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi showed that cutinase in C. parasitica is 25 kDa in size and is coded by a 1.1-kb mRNA. Both mRNA and protein were inducible by cutin hydrolysate, while hypovirulence agents suppressed the level of mRNA and the enzyme. Since all the strains had the cutinase gene, the suppression of expression was due to the hypovirulence agents. The data presented are the first report indicating that hypovirulence agents in C. parasitica regulate a gene associated with pathogenicity in other plant-pathogenic fungi. C1 NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. NR 50 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 12 IS 10 BP 4539 EP 4544 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA JP798 UT WOS:A1992JP79800033 PM 1406643 ER PT J AU SCHOEPP, RJ THOMPSON, LH HOLBROOK, FR BLAIR, CD ROY, P BEATY, BJ AF SCHOEPP, RJ THOMPSON, LH HOLBROOK, FR BLAIR, CD ROY, P BEATY, BJ TI SPECIFICITY OF MOLECULAR HYBRIDIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR THE DETECTION OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS SEROTYPES IN CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE BLUETONGUE VIRUS; HYBRIDIZATION; SEROTYPE SPECIFICITY; CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS ID SANDWICH HYBRIDIZATION; DNA-POLYMERASE; GENETIC PROBE; ACID; RNA; INVITRO; CATTLE C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED & BIOMED SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,LARAMIE,WY 82071. UNIV ALABAMA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35209. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD OCT PY 1992 VL 6 IS 5 BP 431 EP 438 DI 10.1016/0890-8508(92)90038-Y PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA JX525 UT WOS:A1992JX52500012 PM 1335548 ER PT J AU TYRRELL, LE AF TYRRELL, LE TI CHARACTERISTICS, DISTRIBUTION, AND MANAGEMENT OF OLD-GROWTH FORESTS ON UNITS OF THE UNITED-STATES-NATIONAL-PARK-SERVICE - RESULTS OF A QUESTIONNAIRE SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A survey was initiated to determine available information on the extent, character, and management of old-growth forests on lands managed by the U.S. National Park Service (NPS). In 1988 a questionnaire was distributed to all NPS units that possibly contain forests in an old-growth condition. The results of the responses of the 58 units are given here, including summaries of forest types involved and of disturbances affecting old growth. No official NPS definition of old growth existed, and the working definitions used by respondents differed widely. The amount of old growth was estimated at more than 1.97 million ha (4,867,800 acres), located in 32 states and the District of Columbia, and in all ten NPS regions. Information was also compiled on the percentages of NPS units that have (1) species lists for old-growth areas; (2) management plans specific to old growth; and (3) current research projects, long-term data sets, and permanent plots in old-growth areas. These summaries provide insight into how the NPS is handling the issue of old growth locally, regionally, and nationally. RP TYRRELL, LE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,POB 898,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 12 IS 4 BP 198 EP 205 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA JW781 UT WOS:A1992JW78100004 ER PT J AU FINLEY, J JOHNSON, PE AF FINLEY, J JOHNSON, PE TI RELATIVE INFLUENCE OF AMOUNT OF DIETARY ZINC AND INFUSION OF PROTEIN INTO THE DUODENUM ON THE AMOUNT OF ZINC IN BILIARY PANCREATIC SECRETIONS SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ZINC; BILE; BILIARY PANCREATIC FLUID; CARBOXYPEPTIDASE ID ENZYME-SECRETION; RAT BILE; COPPER; FLUID AB A series of studies were undertaken to determine the relative influence of dietary Zn vs the presence of protein in the duodenum on the excretion of Zn in biliary/pancreatic fluid (B/P) of rats. Animals were fed diets ranging from 10 to 300 mg Zn/kg diet for 7 weeks and then fasted and cannulated for bile or B/P fluid collection. Secretions of fasted rats were collected 0.5 hr and then egg white was infused into the gut and stimulated secretions were collected. Elevated dietary Zn slightly increased Zn and decreased Cu content of B/P fluid but did not alter protein concentration or activity of carboxypeptidase A or B. In contrast, duodenal stimulation greatly increased Zn and protein content and activity of carboxypeptidase A and B. In a separate experiment, animals fed 10 or 300 mg Zn/kg diet were similarly cannulated and infused with protein at intervals from 6 to 240 hr following injection of Zn-65. Dietary Zn slightly elevated B/P Zn but did not alter biliary Zn concentration. Maximal biliary Zn output occurred 6 hr after injection whereas B/P Zn output was maximal after 12 hr. These results suggest that the Zn in B/P secretions of rats is there primarily as a result of metabolic demand by the pancreas, and these secretions are not a major means of maintaining Zn homeostasis. RP FINLEY, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 12 IS 10 BP 1217 EP 1228 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80778-X PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JP588 UT WOS:A1992JP58800005 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, IH AF ROSENBERG, IH TI COULD FOOD LABELS BE DANGEROUS TO HEALTH SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material RP ROSENBERG, IH (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR AGING RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 50 IS 10 BP 298 EP 299 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JU079 UT WOS:A1992JU07900006 PM 1436767 ER PT J AU DOWELL, FE TSAI, YJ DORNER, JW COLE, RJ DAVIDSON, JI AF DOWELL, FE TSAI, YJ DORNER, JW COLE, RJ DAVIDSON, JI TI PERFORMANCE OF VISUAL AND CHEMICAL METHODS IN IDENTIFYING AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN FARMERS STOCK PEANUTS(1) SO OLEAGINEUX LA English DT Article DE GROUNDNUT; AFLATOXIN; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; IMMUNOENZYMS; TOXICOLOGY AB Loads of florunner farmers stock (FS) peanuts were used to evaluate two methods to determine aflatoxin contamination. The two methods evaluated were the visual inspection of kernels for the presence of Aspergillus flavus (VAF) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In loads with greater than 20 ppb aflatoxin, the percentage of samples identified as contaminated was 59.3% and 70% for the VAF and ELISA methods, respectively. Thus, the ELISA tests should help identify loads of peanuts contaminated with aflatoxin, resulting in higher quality peanuts reaching consumers. RP DOWELL, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,DAWSON,GA 31742, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CIRAD-CP OLEAGINEUX PI MONTPELLIERCEDEX PA B P 5035, 34032 MONTPELLIERCEDEX, FRANCE SN 0030-2082 J9 OLEAGINEUX PD OCT PY 1992 VL 47 IS 10 BP 583 EP 586 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA KD553 UT WOS:A1992KD55300006 ER PT J AU GRONWALD, JW EBERLEIN, CV BETTS, KJ BAERG, RJ EHLKE, NJ WYSE, DL AF GRONWALD, JW EBERLEIN, CV BETTS, KJ BAERG, RJ EHLKE, NJ WYSE, DL TI MECHANISM OF DICLOFOP RESISTANCE IN AN ITALIAN RYEGRASS (LOLIUM-MULTIFLORUM LAM) BIOTYPE SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; COENZYME-A CARBOXYLASE; VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; CROSS-RESISTANCE; ARYLOXYPHENOXYPROPIONATE HERBICIDES; ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; ATRAZINE RESISTANCE; RIGIDUM; INHIBITION; WHEAT C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP GRONWALD, JW (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,411 BORLAUG HALL,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 37 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 44 IS 2 BP 126 EP 139 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(92)90110-L PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA JR701 UT WOS:A1992JR70100006 ER PT J AU SALVUCCI, ME RAJAGOPALAN, K HALEY, BE AF SALVUCCI, ME RAJAGOPALAN, K HALEY, BE TI PROBING THE STRUCTURE OF RUBISCO ACTIVASE SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT CHEM,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT MED CHEM,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 34 IS 1 BP 98 EP 98 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JV848 UT WOS:A1992JV84800071 ER PT J AU HUBER, SC HUBER, JL MCMICHAEL, R CAMPBELL, WH REDINBAUGH, MG AF HUBER, SC HUBER, JL MCMICHAEL, R CAMPBELL, WH REDINBAUGH, MG TI REGULATION OF CYTOPLASMIC-C-METABOLISM AND N-METABOLISM BY PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,PHYTOTECHNOL RES CTR,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 34 IS 1 BP 99 EP 99 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JV848 UT WOS:A1992JV84800074 ER PT J AU CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ SALVUCCI, ME AF CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ SALVUCCI, ME TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A PROTEIN THAT SPECIFICALLY PRECIPITATES RUBISCOIN LEAF EXTRACTS OF DEFRUITED PLANTS SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 34 IS 1 BP 197 EP 197 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JV848 UT WOS:A1992JV84800588 ER PT J AU SICHER, R KREMER, D AF SICHER, R KREMER, D TI PHOTOSYNTHATE PARTITIONING IN A STARCHLESS MUTANT OF ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA-L (HENYH) SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 34 IS 1 BP 199 EP 199 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JV848 UT WOS:A1992JV84800602 ER PT J AU JONES, T ORT, DR AF JONES, T ORT, DR TI THE SYNTHESIS OF SPECIFIC PROTEINS IS ALTERED IN TOMATO IN RESPONSE TO CHILLING SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 34 IS 1 BP 214 EP 214 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JV848 UT WOS:A1992JV84800630 ER PT J AU ESKINS, K ALEXANDER, NJ AF ESKINS, K ALEXANDER, NJ TI IRRADIANCE SWITCHING ON BLUE AND RED-LIGHT EFFECTS ON CHLOROPLAST GENE-EXPRESSION IN ARABIDOPSIS AND SORGHUM SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 34 IS 1 BP 222 EP 222 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JV848 UT WOS:A1992JV84800667 ER PT J AU BRITZ, SJ ADAMSE, P AF BRITZ, SJ ADAMSE, P TI ROLE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN AMELIORATION OF UV-B DAMAGE SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 34 IS 1 BP 244 EP 244 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JV848 UT WOS:A1992JV84800783 ER PT J AU SHAW, PE MOSHONAS, MG BALDWIN, EA AF SHAW, PE MOSHONAS, MG BALDWIN, EA TI VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS OF COCCOLOBO-UVIFERA SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE COCCOLOBA-UVIFERA; POLYGONACEAE; SEA GRAPE; VOLATILES; CYCLOPENTYLACETIC ACID; ORGANIC ACIDS AB Sea grape pulp was extracted and the extract analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, resulting in identification of 34 volatile pulp components; these included 20 carboxylic acids, and only two esters and three aldehydes. One volatile component, cyclopentylacetic acid had not been reported earlier as a food component or food flavouring. Components quantified in sea grape pulp were fructose, glucose, sucrose, and ascorbic acid as well as total acid content. RP SHAW, PE (reprint author), USDA,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,600 AVE S NW,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD OCT PY 1992 VL 31 IS 10 BP 3495 EP 3497 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(92)83714-A PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA JT410 UT WOS:A1992JT41000038 ER PT J AU DIEHL, SV GRAVES, CH HEDIN, PA AF DIEHL, SV GRAVES, CH HEDIN, PA TI CYTOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF PECAN TO CLADOSPORIUM-CARYIGENUM - DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFIC HISTOLOGICAL INDICATORS TO IDENTIFY AND ANALYZE INSITU FUNGITOXIC PHENOLS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARYA-ILLINOENSIS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; PECAN SCAB ID CONDENSED TANNINS; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; CONSTITUENTS AB The fungitoxic phenols, juglone, isoquercitrin, and condensed tannin, were purified from pecan leaves. We tested 10 phenolic-specific histological indicators to distinguish among these three compounds within the visible spectrum. The Hoepfner-Vorsatz stain was the best indicator for juglone because it shifted juglone's absorbance maximum from 423 to 533 nm, at which there was no interference from other phenols. The Hoepfner-Vorsatz reagent shifted the isoquercitrin absorbance maximum from 353 to 399 nm, but there was interference from minor flavonoids. Condensed tannins had a bathochromic shift from 300 to 551 nm with no interference from other phenolic compounds when heated to 90 C in n-butanol-HCl. Standard curves for each compound were generated with different light paths on a microspectrophotometer. Leaf sections 30 mum thick and nut sections 20 mum thick provided the best absorbancy range with the lowest coefficients of variation. All three phenolic compounds were quantified in situ. This system permits examination of specific sites of infection for location and quantity of juglone, isoquercitrin, and condensed tannins, and estimation of the response to infection for each of these compounds. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP DIEHL, SV (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & WEED SCI,DRAWER PG,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 1992 VL 82 IS 10 BP 1033 EP 1036 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-1033 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JT409 UT WOS:A1992JT40900007 ER PT J AU DIEHL, SV GRAVES, CH HEDIN, PA AF DIEHL, SV GRAVES, CH HEDIN, PA TI CYTOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF PECAN TO CLADOSPORIUM-CARYIGENUM - INSITU LOCALIZATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF FUNGITOXIC PHENOLS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DISEASE RESISTANCE; HISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION ID CONDENSED TANNINS; INVITRO REACTIONS; STORING CELLS; LEAVES; ULTRASTRUCTURE; ISOQUERCITRIN; CONSTITUENTS; RESISTANCE AB Selective indicators and a microspectrophotometer were used to quantify juglone, isoquercitrin, and condensed tannin in fresh tissue sections of pecan (Carya illinoensis). Some significant differences were observed among seven pecan cultivars and two other hickory species (nutmeg [C. myristicaeformis] and mockernut [C. tomentosa]) for all three compounds in leaves. Concentrations of juglone and isoquercitrin in nut husks were not significant among three pecan cultivars, but Schley pecan contained significantly less condensed tannin. Juglone and isoquercitrin concentrations were significantly different among nutmeg, shagbark hickory (C. ovata), and black walnut (Juglans nigra) nut husks, whereas condensed tannin concentrations were significantly less in black walnut. Pecan leaves and nut husks infected with Cladosporium caryigenum contained significantly more juglone, isoquercitrin, and condensed tannin than uninfected tissues. This increase in phenolic content was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, suggesting a physiological response by the plant to the presence of C. caryigenum. In addition, hickory species other than pecan consistently contained greater concentrations of all three phenols in infected and uninfected material. These higher phenolic concentrations may be responsible for the greater resistance of hickories to C. caryigenum. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP DIEHL, SV (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & WEED SCI,DRAWER PG,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 1992 VL 82 IS 10 BP 1037 EP 1041 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-1037 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JT409 UT WOS:A1992JT40900008 ER PT J AU BOEHM, EWA BUSHNELL, WR AF BOEHM, EWA BUSHNELL, WR TI AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL PACHYTENE KARYOTYPE FOR MELAMPSORA-LINI SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FLAX RUST; FUNGI; GENE-FOR-GENE; UREDINALES ID SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEXES; RUST FUNGUS; RECOMBINATION NODULES; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; EOCRONARTIUM-MUSCICOLA; CHROMOSOME BEHAVIOR; MEIOTIC CHROMOSOMES; COPRINUS-CINEREUS; FLAX RUST; MEIOSIS AB An ultrastructural karyotype was derived from five serially sectioned pachytene nuclei of two isolates of Melampsora lini. Each of the five reconstructed nuclei contained 18 distinct bivalents, which terminated at both ends on the nuclear envelope and represented 36 chromosomes homologously paired as synaptonemal complexes. The 18 bivalents formed a finely graded series of lengths ranging from 3.2 to 9.0% of the total length of all bivalents. No centromeres were resolved, precluding the use of the centromeric index as an aid in classification of bivalents. The only bivalent that could be identified among the five reconstructed nuclei was the one in terminal association with the nucleolus. Because no morphological changes accompany the progression of meiotic prophase I stages in the rust teliospore, nuclei at or near mid-pachynema were identified by using epifluorescence microscopy of fixed teliospore protoplasts stained with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) from which walls were mechanically removed. The M. lini karyotype of n = 18 is significantly larger than that previously reported in the literature and agrees with the high number of virulence genes reported to segregate independently. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 53 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 1992 VL 82 IS 10 BP 1212 EP 1218 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-1212 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JT409 UT WOS:A1992JT40900017 ER PT J AU NAGAHASHI, G LASSITER, GD AF NAGAHASHI, G LASSITER, GD TI BINDING-DISSOCIATION PROPERTIES OF POTATO-TUBER CELL WALL-ASSOCIATED BETA-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINIDASE SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BINDING AND DISSOCIATION OF PROTEINS; CELL WALLS; IONIC STRENGTH; PH; POTATO; TUBERS ID ENZYMES AB The binding-dissociation properties of an endogenous cell wall protein, beta-GlcNAcase, was compared to an artifactually bound basic protein (cytochrome c) and acidic proteins (bovine serum albumin, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin and cytosolic beta-GlcNAcase). Salt dissociation curves with monovalent, divalent and trivalent salts all indicated that the endogenous cell wall enzyme binds much tighter to the wall than does any artificially bound protein. At high ionic strength (I = 1.5), ammonium sulfate was as efficient as NaCl, KCl and LiCl in dissociating the cell wall enzyme. The pH of the dissociation medium only has an effect on the dissociation of cell wall enzymes when the ionic strength of the buffer is low. The binding of protein to purified cell walls is pH dependent in the physiological range only if the protein has an acidic isoelectric pH. RP NAGAHASHI, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19118, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPANESE SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI KYOTO PA SHIMOTACHIURI OGAWA HIGASHI KAMIKYOKU, KYOTO 602, JAPAN SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 33 IS 7 BP 993 EP 998 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA JW521 UT WOS:A1992JW52100024 ER PT J AU HURKMAN, WJ AF HURKMAN, WJ TI EFFECT OF SALT STRESS ON PLANT GENE-EXPRESSION - A REVIEW SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON GENETIC ASPECTS OF PLANT MINERAL NUTRITION CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 1991 CL CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA DE BARLEY; GENE EXPRESSION; ICE PLANT; RICE; SALT STRESS; TOBACCO; TOMATO ID TRANSLATABLE MESSENGER-RNA; CULTURED TOBACCO CELLS; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; ABSCISIC-ACID; BARLEY ROOTS; MESEMBRYANTHEMUM-CRYSTALLINUM; SALINITY STRESS; GERMINATING WHEAT; OSMOTIC-STRESS; ADAPTATION AB Soil salinity is an important agricultural problem, particularly since the majority of crop plants have low salt tolerance. The identification of genes whose expression enables plants to adapt to or tolerate salt stress is essential for breeding programs, but little is known about the genetic mechanisms for salt tolerance. Recent research demonstrates that salt stress modulates the levels of a number of gene products. Although the detection of gene products that respond specifically to salt stress is a significant finding, they must be identified, functions assigned, and their relation to salt tolerance determined. This article focuses on a few of the salt-responsive proteins and mRNAs that have been discovered and the methods employed to identify and characterize them. RP HURKMAN, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,PLANT DEV PRODUCT RES UNIT,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 45 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 1992 VL 146 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1007/BF00012007 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KJ418 UT WOS:A1992KJ41800019 ER PT J AU BATES, S PREECE, JE NAVARRETE, NE VANSAMBEEK, JW GAFFNEY, GR AF BATES, S PREECE, JE NAVARRETE, NE VANSAMBEEK, JW GAFFNEY, GR TI THIDIAZURON STIMULATES SHOOT ORGANOGENESIS AND SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN WHITE ASH (FRAXINUS-AMERICANA L) SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE GLYPHOSATE; INVITRO; MICROPROPAGATION; REGENERATION; TREE; WOODY PLANT TISSUE CULTURE ID PLANT-REGENERATION; LEAF PROTOPLASTS; COTYLEDONS; LEAVES; TISSUE AB Immature and mature nonstratified seeds of white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) were dissected transversely and 2/3 of each seed was placed onto agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog medium. Adventitious buds, shoots, and somatic embryos formed on callus, cotyledons, and hypocotyls of the resulting seedlings. Shoot organogenesis was induced on explants cultured on medium with 10 muM thidiazuron but not on explants on media with benzyladenine (BA) or isopentenyladenine. Not all seed sources were equally capable of shoot organogenesis and embryogenesis. Atypical of adventitious regeneration of other woody plants, mature seed explants of white ash were more organogenic with shoots that elongated better than explants from immature seeds. Somatic embryogenesis was observed in cultures where mature seeds were first cultured for 4 weeks on a medium containing 10 muM adenine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in combination with 0.1 and 1.0 muM thidiazuron, followed by transfer to a medium containing 0.05 muM 6-benzyladenine and 0.5 muM naphthaleneacetic acid. Adventitious shoots and epicotyls from both seedlings and germinated somatic embryos were rooted under intermittent mist and acclimatized to the greenhouse. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. RP BATES, S (reprint author), SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,CARBONDALE,IL 62901, USA. NR 19 TC 69 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 31 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA JR282 UT WOS:A1992JR28200004 ER PT J AU HOWARD, CM MAAS, JL CHANDLER, CK ALBREGTS, EE AF HOWARD, CM MAAS, JL CHANDLER, CK ALBREGTS, EE TI ANTHRACNOSE OF STRAWBERRY CAUSED BY THE COLLETOTRICHUM COMPLEX IN FLORIDA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; FRAGARIAE; ACUTATUM C1 UNIV FLORIDA,AGR RES & EDUC CTR,IFAS,13138 LEWIS GALLAGHER RD,DOVER,FL 33527. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 24 TC 102 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 76 IS 10 BP 976 EP 981 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JP108 UT WOS:A1992JP10800001 ER PT J AU COMSTOCK, JC AF COMSTOCK, JC TI DETECTION OF THE SUGARCANE LEAF SCALD PATHOGEN, XANTHOMONAS-ALBILINEANS, USING TISSUE BLOT IMMUNOASSAY, ELISA, AND ISOLATION TECHNIQUES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CAMPESTRIS PV CAMPESTRIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IDENTIFICATION AB Tissue blot immunoassay, ELISA, and isolation techniques were compared for detection of Xanthomonas albilineans in sugarcane tissues at different positions along the stalk. X. albilineans was detected in the highest frequency in samples from mature plants at the internode superior to 62.5% of the total internodes. This tissue position had the highest frequency of detection and the highest optical density readings with ELISA for both symptomatic and asymptomatic stalks. The number of infected vascular bundles was highest in samples taken from the upper half of symptomatic stalks. The frequency of detection from symptomatic stalks was 67.0, 90.4, and 98.9% for isolation, ELISA, and tissue blot immunoassay techniques, respectively. X. albilineans was detected by the same three techniques, respectively, in 26.6, 6.3, and 16.2% of the asymptomatic stalks taken from the same plots. The tissue blot immunoassay technique was 98.9% effective in detecting X. albilineans in symptomatic stalks, and both that assay and isolation techniques would be most useful in detecting latent infections in asymptomatic stalks. C1 US SUGAR CORP,CLEWISTON,FL 33440. RP COMSTOCK, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438, USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 76 IS 10 BP 1033 EP 1035 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JP108 UT WOS:A1992JP10800015 ER PT J AU THOMSON, SV HANSEN, DR FLINT, KM AF THOMSON, SV HANSEN, DR FLINT, KM TI DISSEMINATION OF BACTERIA ANTAGONISTIC TO ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA BY HONEY-BEES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FIRE BLIGHT; STIGMA AB Foraging honey bees (Apis mellifera) were tested for ability to disseminate bacteria antagonistic to Erwinia amylovora to apple and pear flowers in commercial orchards. The bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens and E. herbicola, previously known to provide biological control of fire blight, were placed on apple or cattail pollen at populations of 10(9) and 10(8) bacteria per gram, respectively. There was no significant decline in viable bacteria on either pollen over 3 wk at 4 C. These bacteria-treated pollens were placed in pollen inserts in the entrances of beehives. Honey bees emerging from these hives through bacteria-pollen mixtures acquired an average of 10(5) and 10(4) cfu per bee of P. fluorescens and E. herbicola, respectively. E. herbicola was detected on 92% of the apple flowers in a 2.6-ha orchard 2 days after the start of one study. In a pear orchard, 72% of the flowers within 7.6 m of the hive were colonized with P. fluorescens (average population of 10(2) Cfu per flower) 8 days after the start of the study. Our study showed that bees can be efficient vectors of antagonistic bacteria for biological control of fire blight; disease control could not be evaluated because of frost and absence of disease in the test orchards. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BEE BIOL & SYSTEMAT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP THOMSON, SV (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BIOL,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 19 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 76 IS 10 BP 1052 EP 1056 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JP108 UT WOS:A1992JP10800021 ER PT J AU COX, TS RAUPP, WJ WILSON, DL GILL, BS LEATH, S BOCKUS, WW BROWDER, LE AF COX, TS RAUPP, WJ WILSON, DL GILL, BS LEATH, S BOCKUS, WW BROWDER, LE TI RESISTANCE TO FOLIAR DISEASES IN A COLLECTION OF TRITICUM-TAUSCHII GERM PLASM SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE BREEDING; CONSERVATION; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; RFLP ID RED WINTER-WHEAT; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; LEAF RUST; AEGILOPS-SQUARROSA; POWDERY MILDEW; HESSIAN FLY; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; GENES AB The wild diploid wheat Triticum tauschii (syn. Aegilops squarrosa) is a valuable genetic resource for improvement of pest resistance in hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum). A collection of 219 T. tauschii accessions, obtained from Kyoto University, Japan, and representing most of the species' geographic range, was screened for reaction to four diseases: leaf rust (caused by Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici), stem rust (caused by P. graminis f. sp. tritici), powdery mildew (caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici [syn. Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici]), and tan spot (caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis). Accessions were classified by region of origin, by botanical group, and by genetic group. Genetic groups were assigned based on previously determined molecular-marker genotypes. Resistance to rusts was concentrated in accessions collected near the Caspian Sea and in those classified as subspecies strangulata. Most such accessions belonged to genetic group A. Resistance to powdery mildew and tan spot was more dispersed but more common in accessions collected from regions ranging from the Caspian Sea eastward to Pakistan. Over 30% of 108 accessions that were screened for all diseases were classified as resistant to two or more, and 12% were resistant to three or more. Because disease resistance genes can readily be transferred from T. tauschii to T. aestivum, this collection is proving very useful for wheat improvement. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP COX, TS (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 23 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 76 IS 10 BP 1061 EP 1064 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JP108 UT WOS:A1992JP10800023 ER PT J AU LOUIE, R ABT, JJ KNOKE, JK AF LOUIE, R ABT, JJ KNOKE, JK TI MAIZE WHITE LINE MOSAIC-VIRUS TRANSMISSION TO MAIZE SEEDLINGS IN HYDROPONIC CULTURE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE SOILBORNE PATHOGEN AB A hydroponic culture system and the effects of nonchemical and chemical treatments of root inoculum on transmission of maize white line mosaic virus (MWLMV) were evaluated. Root pieces (0.2 g) from 8- to 10-wk-old infected Seneca Chief sweet com (Zea mays var. saccharata) plants were used as inoculum to transmit MWLMV to roots of sweet corn test seedlings. MWLMV was transmitted consistently to seedling roots (>90%) as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The ELISA values (absorbances at 405 nm) of root inocula and inoculated roots were not significantly correlated. Moreover, none of the nonchemical (amount of inoculum, exposure period, filter or distance barrier, depth of nutrient solution, and temperature of plant growth) or chemical (fungicide, antibiotic, insecticide, sterilant, and solvent) treatments of root inoculum prevented transmission of MWLMV. These tests indicated that in this hydroponic system, a vector need not be involved in the transmission of MWLMV to roots of seedlings with inoculum from infected roots. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP LOUIE, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,CORN & SOYBEAN RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 76 IS 10 BP 1069 EP 1073 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JP108 UT WOS:A1992JP10800025 ER PT J AU MULLEN, JA PRING, DR KEMPKEN, F FERGUSON, J CHASE, CD AF MULLEN, JA PRING, DR KEMPKEN, F FERGUSON, J CHASE, CD TI SORGHUM MITOCHONDRIAL ATP6 - DIVERGENT AMINO EXTENSIONS TO A CONSERVED CORE POLYPEPTIDE SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SORGHUM; ATP6; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; AMINO EXTENSIONS ID MALE-STERILE CYTOPLASM; ATPASE SUBUNIT-6 GENE; READING FRAME; TOBACCO MITOCHONDRIA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MAIZE; GENOME; YEAST; ORGANIZATION; TRANSCRIPTS AB Sorghum mitochondrial atp6 occurs as one copy in the line Tx398 and as two copies in IS1112C. In IS1112C a repeated sequence diverged within the atp6 open reading frames. The two open reading frames (1137 bp, atp6-1; 1002 bp, atp6-2) share an identical conserved region of 756 bp but are flanked 5' by divergent extensions of 246 (atp6-1) or 381 bp (atp6-2). Tx398 carried only atp6-2. The breakpoint of the repeated sequence of the conserved core region corresponds to the amino acid sequence Ser-Pro-Leu-Asp, which is the amino terminus of the proteolytically processed yeast ATP6. The 5' extensions of atp6-1 and atp6-2 were similar to those of rice and maize, respectively. Each open reading is transcribed, however nuclear background influenced transcription al patterns of atp6-2 in IS1112C. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 20 IS 1 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1007/BF00029150 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA JM169 UT WOS:A1992JM16900008 PM 1387559 ER PT J AU CHATTERTON, NJ HSIAO, C ASAY, KH WANG, RRC JENSEN, KB AF CHATTERTON, NJ HSIAO, C ASAY, KH WANG, RRC JENSEN, KB TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF THE INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGION OF RDNA IN DIPLOID WHEAT, TRITICUM-SPELTOIDES L (TAUSCH) GREN EX RICHTER (GRAMINEAE) SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PCR; ITS; DNA SEQUENCE; NUCLEOTIDE; TRITICUM-SPELTOIDES; WHEAT RP CHATTERTON, NJ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 20 IS 1 BP 157 EP 158 DI 10.1007/BF00029158 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA JM169 UT WOS:A1992JM16900016 PM 1515604 ER PT J AU CHATTERTON, NJ HSIAO, C ASAY, KH WANG, RRC JENSEN, KB AF CHATTERTON, NJ HSIAO, C ASAY, KH WANG, RRC JENSEN, KB TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF THE INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGION OF RDNA IN WHEAT, TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L (GRAMINEAE) SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PCR; ITS; DNA SEQUENCE; NUCLEOTIDE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; WHEAT RP CHATTERTON, NJ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 20 IS 1 BP 159 EP 160 DI 10.1007/BF00029159 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA JM169 UT WOS:A1992JM16900017 PM 1515605 ER PT J AU ASAY, KH HSIAO, C CHATTERTON, NJ JENSEN, KB WANG, RRC AF ASAY, KH HSIAO, C CHATTERTON, NJ JENSEN, KB WANG, RRC TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF THE INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGION OF RDNA IN MOUNTAIN RYE, SECALE-MONTANUM GUSS (GRAMINEAE) SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PCR; ITS; DNA SEQUENCE; NUCLEOTIDE; SECALE-MONTANUM; MOUNTAIN RYE C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 20 IS 1 BP 161 EP 162 DI 10.1007/BF00029160 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA JM169 UT WOS:A1992JM16900018 PM 1515606 ER PT J AU CHATTERTON, NJ HSIAO, C ASAY, KH JENSEN, KB WANG, RRC AF CHATTERTON, NJ HSIAO, C ASAY, KH JENSEN, KB WANG, RRC TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF THE INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGION OF RDNA IN THE PRIMITIVE OAT SPECIES, AVENA-LONGIGLUMIS DURIEU (GRAMINEAE) SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PCR; ITS; DNA SEQUENCE; NUCLEOTIDE; AVENA-LONGIGLUMIS; OATS RP CHATTERTON, NJ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 20 IS 1 BP 163 EP 164 DI 10.1007/BF00029161 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA JM169 UT WOS:A1992JM16900019 PM 1515607 ER PT J AU CHATTERTON, NJ HSIAO, C ASAY, KH JENSEN, KB WANG, RRC AF CHATTERTON, NJ HSIAO, C ASAY, KH JENSEN, KB WANG, RRC TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF THE INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGION OF RDNA IN BARLEY, HORDEUM-VULGARE L (GRAMINEAE) SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PCR; ITS; DNA SEQUENCE; NUCLEOTIDE; HORDEUM-VULGARE; BARLEY RP CHATTERTON, NJ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 20 IS 1 BP 165 EP 166 DI 10.1007/BF00029162 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA JM169 UT WOS:A1992JM16900020 PM 1515608 ER PT J AU GARBARINO, JE ROCKHOLD, DR BELKNAP, WR AF GARBARINO, JE ROCKHOLD, DR BELKNAP, WR TI EXPRESSION OF STRESS-RESPONSIVE UBIQUITIN GENES IN POTATO-TUBERS SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ETHYLENE; HEAT SHOCK; INJURY; POLYUBIQUITIN; RIBOSOMAL EXTENSION PROTEIN ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; HIGHER-PLANTS; PROTEIN; EXTENSION; ETHYLENE; FUSION; CDNA; RNA AB The stress-induced expression of four different ubiquitin-encoding cDNAs was characterized in potato tuber tissue. The four clones exhibited differences in both structure and expression. The first cDNA encoded a single ubiquitin unit fused to an 80 amino acid ribosomal extension protein identical to the extension protein from tomato. Accumulation of the fusion transcript was induced by injury or ethylene, but not by heat shock. The three remaining ubiquitin cDNAs encoded polyubiquitins with 6 to 7 ubiquitin repeats. The first polyubiquitin gene was induced by injury, heat, or ethylene treatments. The second was induced also by injury or heat, with limited ethylene-dependent accumulation of transcript. Transcript levels of the third polyubiquitin gene were highest in control tubers and decreased markedly with injury, heat shock, or ethylene treatment. The data demonstrate the independent regulation of the different members of the ubiquitin gene family in response to stress and exogenous ethylene. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. RI Belknap, William/B-4500-2009 NR 27 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 20 IS 2 BP 235 EP 244 DI 10.1007/BF00014491 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA JP351 UT WOS:A1992JP35100005 PM 1327270 ER PT J AU CARY, JW LAX, AR FLURKEY, WH AF CARY, JW LAX, AR FLURKEY, WH TI CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CDNAS CODING FOR VICIA-FABA POLYPHENOL OXIDASE SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHLOROPLAST; COPPER BINDING; TRANSIT PEPTIDES; TYROSINASES; VICIA-FABA L ID STREPTOMYCES-GLAUCESCENS; TYROSINASE; PLANTS; MEMBRANES; IMPORT AB Three cDNA clones were isolated which code for the ubiquitous chloroplast enzyme, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), from Vicia faba. Analysis of the cloned DNA reveals that PPO is synthesized with an N-terminal extension of 92 amino acid residues, presumed to be a transit peptide. The mature protein is predicted to have a molecular mass of 58 kDa which is in close agreement to the molecular mass estimated for the in vivo protein upon SDS-PAGE. Differences in the DNA sequence of two full-length and one partial cDNA clones indicate that PPO is encoded by a gene family. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence shows that the chloroplast PPO shares homology with the 59 kDa PPOs in glandular trichomes of solanaceous species. A high degree of sequence conservation was found with the copper-binding domains of the 59 kDa tomato PPO as well as hemocyanins and tyrosinases from a wide diversity of taxa. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. INDIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,TERRE HAUTE,IN 47809. NR 27 TC 79 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 20 IS 2 BP 245 EP 253 DI 10.1007/BF00014492 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA JP351 UT WOS:A1992JP35100006 PM 1391768 ER PT J AU TYREE, MT YANG, SD AF TYREE, MT YANG, SD TI HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY RECOVERY VERSUS WATER-PRESSURE IN XYLEM OF ACER-SACCHARUM SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAVITATION; EMBOLISM AB Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of stem diameter, xylem pressure potential, and temperature on the rate of recovery of hydraulic conductivity in embolized stems of Acer saccharum Marsh. Recovery of conductivity was accompanied by an increase in stem water content as water replaced air bubbles and bubbles dissolved from vessels into the surrounding water. The time required for stems to go from less than 3 to 100% hydraulic conductivity increased approximately with the square of the stem diameter and increased with decreasing xylem pressure potential. Recovery was halted when xylem pressure potential decreased below -6 kPa. Increasing xylem pressure from 13 to 150 kPa reduced the time for recovery by a factor of 4. Temperature had little influence on the rate of recovery of hydraulic conductivity. All of these results are in accord with a theory of bubble dissolution in which it is assumed that: (a) the rate of bubble dissolution is rate limited by diffusion of air from the bubbles to the outer surface of the stems, (b) the equilibrium concentration of gases in liquid in stems is determined by Henry's law at all air-water interfaces, (c) the equilibrium solubility concentration is determined only by the partial pressure of the gas in the gas phase and not directly by the liquid-phase pressure, and (d) the gas pressure of an entrapped air bubble in the lumen of a cell can never be less than atmospheric pressure at equilibrium. C1 UNIV VERMONT,DEPT BOT,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. RP TYREE, MT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,BURLINGTON,VT 05402, USA. NR 8 TC 80 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 100 IS 2 BP 669 EP 676 DI 10.1104/pp.100.2.669 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JT860 UT WOS:A1992JT86000020 PM 16653045 ER PT J AU HUBER, SC HUBER, JL CAMPBELL, WH REDINBAUGH, MG AF HUBER, SC HUBER, JL CAMPBELL, WH REDINBAUGH, MG TI COMPARATIVE-STUDIES OF THE LIGHT-MODULATION OF NITRATE REDUCTASE AND SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE ACTIVITIES IN SPINACH LEAVES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPID MODULATION; CARBON; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSION; BARLEY; ASSIMILATION; METABOLISM; SEEDLINGS; ENZYMES; PROTEIN AB We recently obtained evidence that the activity of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaf nitrate reductase (NR) responds rapidly and reversibly to light/dark transitions by a mechanism that is strongly correlated with protein phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of the NR protein appears to increase sensitivity to Mg2+ inhibition, without affecting activity in the absence of Mg2+. In the present study, we have compared the light/dark modulation of sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS), also known to be regulated by protein phosphorylation, and NR activities (assayed with and without Mg2+) in spinach leaves. There appears to be a physiological role for both enzymes in mature source leaves (production of sucrose and amino acids for export), whereas NR is also present and activated by light in immature sink leaves. In mature leaves, there are significant diurnal changes in SPS and NR activities (assayed under selective conditions where phosphorylation status affects enzyme activity) during a normal day/night cycle. With both enzymes, activities are highest in the morning and decline as the photoperiod progresses. For SPS, diurnal changes are largely the result of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, whereas with NR, the covalent modification is superimposed on changes in the level of NR protein. Accumulation of end products of photosynthesis in excised illuminated leaves increased maximum NR activity, reduced its sensitivity to Mg2+ inhibition, and prevented the decline in activity with time in the light seen with attached leaves. In contrast, SPS was rapidly inactivated in excised leaves. Overall, NR and SPS share many common features of control but are not identical in terms of regulation in situ. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,PHYTOTECHNOL RES CTR,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. RP HUBER, SC (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 33 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 100 IS 2 BP 706 EP 712 DI 10.1104/pp.100.2.706 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JT860 UT WOS:A1992JT86000025 PM 16653049 ER PT J AU BAILEY, BA KORCAK, RF ANDERSON, JD AF BAILEY, BA KORCAK, RF ANDERSON, JD TI ALTERATIONS IN NICOTIANA-TABACUM-L CV XANTHI CELL-MEMBRANE FUNCTION FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH AN ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS-INDUCING ENDOXYLANASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CULTURED TOBACCO CELLS; 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; TRICHODERMA-VIRIDE; K+/H+ EXCHANGE; CARROT CELLS; ELICITOR; INDUCTION; PROTEINS; CELLULYSIN; RESPONSES AB An ethylene biosynthesis-inducing xylanase (EIX) produced by the fungus Trichoderma viride elicited enhanced ethylene biosynthesis and leakage of potassium and other cellular components when applied to leaf disks of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi). Suspension-cultured cells of Xanthi tobacco responded to EIX by rapid efflux of potassium, uptake of calcium, alkalization of the medium, inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis, and increased leakage of cellular components. EIX-treated cell suspensions released 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) into the surrounding medium, resulting in a reduction of cellular pools of ACC. The responses of both cell suspensions and leaf disks were inhibited (50-80%) by the preincubation of the tissues with the calcium channel blocker La3+. High concentrations of EGTA inhibited the alkalization of the medium by cell suspensions responding to EIX, but EGTA alone caused extensive loss of K+ and ACC and inhibited ethylene biosynthesis by tobacco cells. Alterations in membrane function appear to be important in the mode of action of EIX in Xanthi cells. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, PLANT HORMONE LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, FRUIT LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 100 IS 2 BP 749 EP 755 DI 10.1104/pp.100.2.749 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JT860 UT WOS:A1992JT86000031 PM 16653055 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, RW TYREE, MT AF JOHNSON, RW TYREE, MT TI EFFECT OF STEM WATER-CONTENT ON SAP FLOW FROM DORMANT MAPLE AND BUTTERNUT STEMS - INDUCTION OF SAP FLOW IN BUTTERNUT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACER-PSEUDOPLATANUS; XYLEM; PRESSURE AB Sap flow from excised maple stems collected over the winter (1986/87) was correlated with stem water content. Stem water content was high in the fall (>0.80) and decreased rapidly during 2 weeks of continuous freezing temperatures in late winter (<0.60). Exudation of sap from stem segments subjected to freeze/thaw cycles was small (<10 mL/kg) in the fall, but substantial exudation (45-50 mL/kg) occurred following the decline in water content. These observations are consistent with Milburn's and O'Malley's models (J.A. Milburn, P.E.R. O'Malley [1984] Can J Bot 62: 2101-2106; P.E.R. O'Malley, J.A. Milburn [1983] Can J Bot 61:3100-3106) of sap absorption into gas-filled fibers during freezing. Exudation volume was increased 200 to 300% in maple stems originally at high water content (>0.80) after perfusion with sucrose and dehydration at -12-degrees-C. Sap flow was also induced in butternut stem segments after the same treatment. Thus, sap flow may not be unique to maples. Sap flow could not be increased in stem segments dehydrated at 4-degrees-C. Migration of water molecules from small ice crystals in fibers to larger crystals in vessels while stems were frozen may account for increase exudation after dehydration at -12-degrees-C. This would result in preferential dehydration of fibers and a distribution of gas and sap favorable for stem-based sap flow. C1 NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,BURLINGTON,VT 05402. RP JOHNSON, RW (reprint author), UNIV GUELPH,DEPT HORT SCI,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 100 IS 2 BP 853 EP 858 DI 10.1104/pp.100.2.853 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JT860 UT WOS:A1992JT86000044 PM 16653067 ER PT J AU BYRD, GT BROWN, RH BOUTON, JH BASSETT, CL BLACK, CC AF BYRD, GT BROWN, RH BOUTON, JH BASSETT, CL BLACK, CC TI DEGREE OF C-4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN C-4 AND C-3-C-4 FLAVERIA SPECIES AND THEIR HYBRIDS .1. CO2 ASSIMILATION AND METABOLISM AND ACTIVITIES OF PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE AND NADP-MALIC ENZYME SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; BUNDLE-SHEATH-CELLS; LEAF ANATOMY; LEAVES; N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE; (CO2)-C-14; EXCHANGE AB The degree of C4 photosynthesis was assessed in four hybrids among C4, C4-like, and C3-C4 species in the genus Flaveria using C-14 labeling, CO2 exchange, C-13 discrimination, and C4 enzyme activities. The hybrids incorporated from 57 to 88% of the C-14 assimilated in a 10-s exposure into C4 acids compared with 26% for the C3-C4 species Flaveria linearis, 91% for the C4 species Flaveria trinervia, and 87% for the C4-like Flaveria brownii. Those plants with high percentages of C-14 initially fixed into C4 acids also metabolized the C4 acids quickly, and the percentage of C-14 in 3-phosphoglyceric acid plus sugar phosphates increased for at least a 30-s exposure to (CO2)-C-12. This indicated a high degree of coordination between the carbon accumulation and reduction phases of the C4 and C3 cycles. Synthesis and metabolism of C4 acids by the species and their hybrids were highly and linearly correlated with discrimination against C-13. The relationship of C-13 discrimination or C-14 metabolism to O2 inhibition of photosynthesis was curvilinear, changing more rapidly at C4-like values of C-14 metabolism and C-13 discrimination. Incorporation of initial C-14 into C4 acids showed a biphasic increase with increased activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and NADP-malic enzyme (steep at low activities), but turnover of C4 acids was linearly related to NADP-malic enzyme activity. Several other traits were closely related to the in vitro activity of NADP-malic enzyme but not phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. The data indicate that the hybrids have variable degrees of C4 photosynthesis but that the carbon accumulation and reduction portions of the C4 and C3 cycles are well coordinated. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RICHARD RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 100 IS 2 BP 939 EP 946 DI 10.1104/pp.100.2.939 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JT860 UT WOS:A1992JT86000056 PM 16653079 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, EM RAO, NR HUANG, JY TROLINDER, NL HAIGLER, CH AF ROBERTS, EM RAO, NR HUANG, JY TROLINDER, NL HAIGLER, CH TI EFFECTS OF CYCLING TEMPERATURES ON FIBER METABOLISM IN CULTURED COTTON OVULES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILLING RESISTANCE; CELLULOSE SYNTHESIS; SEEDLINGS; BIOSYNTHESIS; ACCLIMATION; PLANTS AB The effects of temperature on rates of cellulose synthesis, respiration, and long-term glucose uptake were investigated using cultured cotton ovules (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv Acala SJ1). Ovules were cultured either at constant 34-degrees-C or under cycling temperatures (12 h at 34-degrees-C/12 h at 15-40-degrees-C). Rates of respiration and cellulose synthesis at various temperatures were determined on day 21 during the stage of secondary wall synthesis by feeding cultured ovules with [C-14]glucose. Respiration increased between 18 and approximately 34-degrees-C, then remained constant up to 40-degrees-C. In contrast, the rate of cellulose synthesis increased above 18-degrees-C, reached a plateau between about 28 and 37-degrees-C, and then decreased at 40-degrees-C. Therefore, the optimum temperature for rapid and metabolically efficient cellulose synthesis in Acala SJ1 is near 28-degrees-C. In ovules cycled to 15-degrees-C, respiration recovered to the control rate immediately upon rewarming to 34-degrees-C, but the rate of cellulose synthesis did not fully recover for several hours. These data indicate that cellulose synthesis and respiration respond differently to cool temperatures. The long-term uptake of glucose, which is the carbon source in the culture medium, increased as the low temperature in the cycle increased between 15 and 28-degrees-C. However, glucose uptake did not increase in cultures grown constantly at 34-degrees-C compared to those cycled at 34/28-degrees-C. These observations are consistent with previous observations on the responses of fiber elongation and weight gain to cycling temperatures in vitro and in the field. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. NR 30 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 100 IS 2 BP 979 EP 986 DI 10.1104/pp.100.2.979 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JT860 UT WOS:A1992JT86000062 PM 16653084 ER PT J AU NEUFELD, HS GRANTZ, DA MEINZER, FC GOLDSTEIN, G CRISOSTO, GM CRISOSTO, C AF NEUFELD, HS GRANTZ, DA MEINZER, FC GOLDSTEIN, G CRISOSTO, GM CRISOSTO, C TI GENOTYPIC VARIABILITY IN VULNERABILITY OF LEAF XYLEM TO CAVITATION IN WATER-STRESSED AND WELL-IRRIGATED SUGARCANE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WOODY-PLANTS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; GROWING SUGARCANE; PRESSURE CHAMBER; PIT MEMBRANES; EMBOLISM; MODEL; SAP; RHODODENDRON; LEAVES AB Genotypic variability in vulnerability of leaf xylem to water-stress-induced cavitation was determined in four sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) clones using detached leaf segments in a hydraulic conductivity apparatus. Vulnerability curves were constructed by plotting the percentage of maximum conductivity versus leaf water potential (psi1) and fitting curves using a Weibull function. The psi1 at which each clone lost 10, 50, and 80% of maximum conductivity was determined. Maximum conductivity per unit of leaf width was positively associated with metaxylem vessel diameter. The commercial clone H65-7052 exhibited the highest and the nondomesticated S. spontaneum exhibited the lowest conductivity. All four clones lost substantial conductivity at values of psi1 less negative than -1.4 MPa, but H65-7052 was able to maintain 50% conductivity to lower psi1 than the other clones. S. spontaneum sustained the most negative psi1 (-1.99 MPa) before reaching the 80% conductivity loss point. Clone H69-8235 was consistently the most vulnerable to initial loss of conductivity. These vulnerability functions were used in conjunction with field measurements of psi1 to estimate diurnal losses in leaf hydraulic conductivity under irrigated and droughted conditions. H69-8235 lost up to 50% of its conductivity during the day, even when well irrigated, and more than 80% when subjected to drought. The other clones exhibited lower conductivity losses. These losses are apparently reversed overnight by root pressure. Despite their close genetic relationships, these clones exhibited large differences in conductivity, in the vulnerability of their xylem to cavitation, and in gas exchange behavior. The potential for altering water relations by selecting for particular hydraulic characteristics is discussed. C1 USDA ARS,HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS ASSOC,AIEA,HI 96701. RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 NR 31 TC 83 Z9 94 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 100 IS 2 BP 1020 EP 1028 DI 10.1104/pp.100.2.1020 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JT860 UT WOS:A1992JT86000068 PM 16653010 ER PT J AU HUANG, JWW GRUNES, DL KOCHIAN, LV AF HUANG, JWW GRUNES, DL KOCHIAN, LV TI ALUMINUM EFFECTS ON THE KINETICS OF CALCIUM-UPTAKE INTO CELLS OF THE WHEAT ROOT APEX - QUANTIFICATION OF CALCIUM FLUXES USING A CALCIUM-SELECTIVE VIBRATING MICROELECTRODE SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE ALUMINUM TOXICITY; CALCIUM (CHANNEL, TRANSPORT); MICROELECTRODE (CALCIUM SELECTIVE, VIBRATING); TRITICUM (CALCIUM UPTAKE) ID TOXICITY; MEMBRANE; PHYSIOLOGY; TOLERANCE; TRANSPORT; MECHANISM; ACID; K+ AB The effects of aluminum on the concentration-dependent kinetics of Ca2+ uptake were studied in two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Al-tolerant Atlas 66 and Al-sensitive Scout 66. Seedlings were grown in 100 muM CaCl2 solution (pH 4 5) for 3 d. Subsequently, net Ca2+ fluxes in intact roots were measured using a highly sensitive technique, employing a vibrating Ca2+-selective microelectrode. The kinetics of Ca2+ uptake into cells of the root apex, for external Ca2+ concentrations from 20 to 300 muM, were found to be quite similar for both cultivars in the absence of external Al; Ca2+ transport could be described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. When roots were exposed to solutions containing levels of Al that were toxic to Al-sensitive Scout 66 but not to Atlas 66 (5 to 20 muM total Al), a strong correlation was observed between Al toxicity and Al-induced inhibition of Ca2+ absorption by root apices. For Scout 66. exposure to Al immediately and dramatically inhibited Ca2+ uptake over the entire Ca2+ concentration range used for these experiments. Kinetic analyses of the Al-Ca interactions in Scout 66 roots were consistent with competitive inhibition of Ca2+ uptake by Al. For example, exposure of Scout 66 roots to increasing Al levels (from 0 to 10 muM) caused the K. for Ca2+ uptake to increase with each rise in Al concentration, from approx. 100 muM in the absence of Al to approx. 300 muM in the presence of 10 muM Al, while having no effect on the V(max) The same Al exposures had little effect on the kinetics of Ca2+ uptake into roots of Atlas 66. The results of this study indicate that Al disruption of Ca2+ transport at the root apex may play an important role in the mechanisms of Al toxicity in Al-sensitive wheat cultivars, and that differential Al tolerance may be associated with the ability of Ca2+-transport systems in cells of the root apex to resist disruption by potentially toxic levels of Al in the soil solution. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 23 TC 96 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD OCT PY 1992 VL 188 IS 3 BP 414 EP 421 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JQ780 UT WOS:A1992JQ78000017 PM 24178332 ER PT J AU ALLEN, PC AF ALLEN, PC TI LONG SEGMENTED FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS IN BROILER CHICKS - POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP TO REDUCED SERUM CAROTENOIDS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LONG SEGMENTED FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS; SERUM CAROTENOIDS; PALE CHICKENS; SPORE TRANSMISSION; FUMIGATION ID MURINE AB Over the past several years, broiler flocks at the author's laboratory have exhibited low serum carotenoid levels. This phenomenon has not been related to exceptionally low carotenoids in the feed or to known protozoan or viral infections. However, long segmented filamentous organisms (LSFO) have been identified in the pale chicks. An inverse correlation between LSFO counts and serum carotenoid levels was not observed, but prevention of LSFO infection consistently resulted in higher carotenoid values. Young chicks were very susceptible to naturally acquired LSFO infection, but the organisms decreased in number with time and became very difficult to find by the time the chicks were 7 wk old. Segments of LSFO containing endospores were detected in mucosal smears. This observation, along with the extreme ease of natural infection, suggests that LSFO are transmitted by dust-borne spores. Transmission can be prevented by fumigation of housing with formaldehyde vapors. RP ALLEN, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1615 EP 1625 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JP296 UT WOS:A1992JP29600005 PM 1454679 ER PT J AU ROBEL, EJ AF ROBEL, EJ TI EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTAL PYRIDOXINE LEVELS ON THE HATCHABILITY OF TURKEY EGGS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PYRIDOXINE; VITAMIN-B6; TURKEYS; EGG YOLK; HATCHABILITY ID INCREASING HATCHABILITY; BIOTIN AB Two identical experiments were conducted each with 120 Large White turkey hens in individual cages to determine the value of dietary pyridoxine supplementation for increasing hatchability. The hens were fed a basal com and soybean meal diet. Weekly data responses were averaged across 5- to 6-wk timespans and recorded in three grouped time periods over the reproduction cycles. The hens were photostimulated at 31 wk of age and at 33 wk of age were assigned to dietary treatments containing 0, 6, 12, and 18 mg of supplemented pyridoxine/kg of diet. Thirty hens were fed each dietary treatment. In Experiment 1, eggs were collected for 4 days in the middle of each time period and egg yolk and albumen were assayed separately for vitamin B-6. Although the vitamin B-6 concentration in egg yolk was stable (1.9-mu-g/g dried basis), concentrations of vitamin B-6 in egg albumen increased with incremental dietary pyridoxine levels; however, the average level of vitamin B-6 in egg albumen was only 4% of the average level in egg yolk. About 37-mu-g of vitamin B-6 per egg (82 g) was assayed in eggs from all treatments in the production periods. Incremental dietary levels of supplemented pyridoxine above the basal (unsupplemented pyridoxine) diet level did not result in increasing hatchability or egg vitamin B-6 levels. Differences were not observed for 7-day or 28-day embryo deaths among treatments within the three 5- or 6-wk production periods of both experiments. RP ROBEL, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AVIAN PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1733 EP 1738 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JP296 UT WOS:A1992JP29600018 PM 1454690 ER PT J AU SMITH, DP FLETCHER, DL PAPA, CM AF SMITH, DP FLETCHER, DL PAPA, CM TI POSTMORTEM BIOCHEMISTRY OF PEKIN DUCKLING AND BROILER CHICKEN PECTORALIS-MUSCLE SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DUCKLING; CHICKEN; PECTORALIS; RIGOR; BIOCHEMISTRY ID POSTMORTEM PH DECLINE; BREAST MUSCLE; MEAT AB Biochemical post-mortem changes between red and white avian muscle were determined using duckling and chicken Pectoralis muscles, respectively. Six live Pekin ducklings and six live broiler chickens, in each of two trials, were obtained from commercial plants and processed at a pilot facility. After evisceration, carcasses were held at 4 C, then Pectoralis muscles were removed at .25, 1, 4, and 24 h post-mortem, and sampled for pH, lactate, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, and R-value (inosine to adenine ratio). Duckling Pectoralis pH significantly (P < .05) decreased from 6.25 to 5.66 from .25 to 24 h post-mortem, respectively, as compared with that of the chicken, which decreased from 6.41 to 5.62 for the same times. Duckling lactate values, from .25 to 24 h, increased from 15.86 to 28.86-mu-mol/g, respectively, and chicken lactate values increased from 27.62 to 53.51-mu-mol/g. The ATP content of the duckling Pectoralis muscle decreased from 1.59 to .14-mu-mol/g and chicken Pectoralis decreased from 3.42 to.21-mu-mol/g from.25 to 24 h, respectively. The R-values of duckling and chicken Pectoralis significantly increased from .25 to 24 h (.98 to 1.37 and .80 to 1.51, respectively). Duckling and chicken biochemical measurements were significantly diffferent at all post-mortem sampling times, except for 24-h values of pH (5.66 versus 5.62, respectively) and 24-h contents of ATP (.14 versus .21-mu-mol/g, respectively). The different post-mortem biochemical measurements between duckling and chicken Pectoralis muscle is evidence that different rates of post-mortem metabolism and rigor development exist between these red and white avian breast muscles. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT POULTRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1768 EP 1772 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JP296 UT WOS:A1992JP29600022 PM 1454694 ER PT J AU COX, NA BAILEY, JS BLANKENSHIP, LC GILDERSLEEVE, RP AF COX, NA BAILEY, JS BLANKENSHIP, LC GILDERSLEEVE, RP TI INOVO ADMINISTRATION OF A COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION CULTURE TREATMENT TO BROILER EMBRYOS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE EGGS; SALMONELLA; BROILER CHICKS; COLONIZATION RESISTANCE; COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION ID SALMONELLA INFECTION; CHICKS; PREVENTION; CONTAMINATION; HATCHERIES; FLORA AB Exposure of chicks to salmonellae in the hatchery and hatchery environment limits the effectiveness of a competitive exclusion (CE) culture treatment. Therefore, in an attempt to apply treatment before chicks are exposed to salmonellae, the CE culture was introduced in ovo to unhatched embryos. An undefined, anaerobically grown CE culture, derived from cecal contents of healthy adult chickens, was diluted 1:1,000 or 1:1,000,000 and inoculated either into the air cell or beneath the inner air cell membrane of 17-day-old incubating hatching eggs. The treated chicks were more resistant than untreated chicks to varying challenge levels of Salmonella typhimurium, indicating that it may be possible to initiate protection of chicks to salmonellae challenge prior to hatching into a contaminated environment. C1 EMBREX INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP COX, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1781 EP 1784 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JP296 UT WOS:A1992JP29600024 PM 1454695 ER PT J AU ANG, CYW YOUNG, LL AF ANG, CYW YOUNG, LL TI INFLUENCE OF FAT-CONTENT ON OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF COOKED CHICKEN THIGH PATTIES DURING FROZEN STORAGE SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE CHICKEN MEAT; FAT CONTENT; OXIDATION; FROZEN PRECOOKED; THIOBARBITURIC ACID REACTIVE SUBSTANCES ID MEAT; MALONALDEHYDE; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; SKIN AB The effect of fat content on oxidative stability of frozen, cooked chicken patties was investigated. Chicken thigh meat patties formulated to contain 5, 10,15, and 20% fat were cooked to 73 C, packaged in styrofoam trays overwrapped with polyvinyl chloride film, and stored at -20 C for 0, 3,6, and 9 mo. The development of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS) in the patties was monitored as an indication of product oxidative stability. The TBA-RS values were not affected by fat content or storage time except those stored for 9 mo. Cooked chicken thigh meat patties containing up to 20% fat may be stored at -20 C for up to 6 mo without changing lipid quality. RP ANG, CYW (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY PROC & MEAT QUAL RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 71 IS 10 BP 1794 EP 1796 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JP296 UT WOS:A1992JP29600027 ER PT J AU MILLER, DR LIU, TX HOWELL, JO AF MILLER, DR LIU, TX HOWELL, JO TI A NEW SPECIES OF ACANTHOCOCCUS (HOMOPTERA, COCCOIDEA, ERIOCOCCIDAE) FROM SUNDEW (DROSERA) WITH A KEY TO THE INSTARS OF ACANTHOCOCCUS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE SCALE INSECT; ERIOCOCCIN; FELT SCALE; SYSTEMATICS AB This paper describes the first U.S. species of Acanthococcus that possesses dome-shaped setae and lacks a denticle on the claw. The adult male also is unusual in that it has clear areas on the scutum, a character that occurs in the Coccidae and Margarodidae. RP MILLER, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 94 IS 4 BP 512 EP 523 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JV339 UT WOS:A1992JV33900010 ER PT J AU NICKLE, DA AF NICKLE, DA TI SCAPTERISCUS-BORELLII GIGLIO-TOS - THE CORRECT SPECIES NAME FOR THE SOUTHERN MOLE CRICKET IN SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES (ORTHOPTERA, GRYLLOTALPIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE MOLE CRICKET; SCAPTERISCUS; GRYLLOTALPIDAE AB Scapteriscus acletus Rehn and Hebard, 1916, the Southern Mole Cricket, is made a synonym of S. borellii Giglio-Tos, 1891, based on examination of types and fieldwork in the United States and Argentina. RP NICKLE, DA (reprint author), US NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,SMITHSONIAN INST,USDA,ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 94 IS 4 BP 524 EP 526 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JV339 UT WOS:A1992JV33900011 ER PT J AU NORRBOM, AL AF NORRBOM, AL TI A REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC GENUS GYMNOCARENA HERING (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE FRUIT FLIES; HELIANTHUS; DAHLIA; VERBESINA; TAXONOMY AB The genus Gymnocarena Hering is revised to include 13 Nearctic species: angusta, n. sp., apicata (Thomas), n. comb., bicolor Foote, carinata, n. sp., diffusa (Snow), fusca, n. sp., hernandezi, n. sp., lichtensteinii (Wiedemann), n. comb., magna, n. sp., mexicana (Aczel), mississippiensis, n. sp., serrata, n. sp., and tricolor (Doane). Mylogymnocarena Foote is a new synonym of Gymnocarena, and flava Foote is a new synonym of tricolor. A lectotype is designated for lichtensteinii. New host data are presented for carinata and mexicana, and it is noted that all known hosts of Gymnocarena belong to the tribe Heliantheae (Asteraceae). Cladistic relationships among the species are analyzed, and descriptions, illustrations, and distribution maps for all species, as well as a key, are provided. RP NORRBOM, AL (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA,ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 94 IS 4 BP 527 EP 555 PG 29 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JV339 UT WOS:A1992JV33900012 ER PT J AU PASSOA, S STEINLY, BA AF PASSOA, S STEINLY, BA TI EGG MORPHOLOGY OF DRACONIA-RUSINA DRUCE FROM HONDURAS (LEPIDOPTERA, THYRIDIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE DRACONIA-RUSINA; THYRIDIDAE; EGG; 1ST INSTAR; HONDURAS AB The egg and some first instar morphological features of Draconia rusina are given based on specimens collected in Honduras. This is the first record of D. rusina from Honduras and the second illustration of a Neotropical thyridid egg. RP PASSOA, S (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,PPQ,8995 E MAIN ST,BLDG 3,RM 109,REYNOLDSBURG,OH 43068, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 94 IS 4 BP 556 EP 558 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JV339 UT WOS:A1992JV33900013 ER PT J AU STOETZEL, MB HAMMON, RW AF STOETZEL, MB HAMMON, RW TI NEW COLLECTIONS OF SEXUALES OF DIURAPHIS (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) IN NORTH-AMERICA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Note RP STOETZEL, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,BLDG 004,ROOM 6,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 94 IS 4 BP 598 EP 599 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JV339 UT WOS:A1992JV33900020 ER PT J AU SHUSTER, DE KEHRLI, ME ACKERMANN, MR GILBERT, RO AF SHUSTER, DE KEHRLI, ME ACKERMANN, MR GILBERT, RO TI IDENTIFICATION AND PREVALENCE OF A GENETIC-DEFECT THAT CAUSES LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY IN HOLSTEIN CATTLE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ANIMAL MODEL; CD18; BETA-2 INTEGRINS ID BOVINE GRANULOCYTOPATHY SYNDROME; BETA-SUBUNIT; MOLECULAR DEFINITION; FRIESIAN CALVES; MUTATIONS; MAC-1; DYSFUNCTION; INTEGRINS; SEQUENCE; COMMON AB Two point mutations were identified within the gene encoding bovine CD18 in a Holstein calf afflicted with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD). One mutation causes an aspartic acid to glycine substitution at amino acid 128 (D128G) in the highly conserved extracellular region of this adhesion glycoprotein, a region where several mutations have been found to cause human LAD. The other mutation is silent. Twenty calves with clinical symptoms of LAD were tested, and all were homozygous for the D128G allele. In addition, two calves homozygous for the D128G allele were identified during widespread DNA testing, and both were subsequently found to exhibit symptoms of LAD. The carrier frequency for the D128G allele among Holstein cattle in the United States is approximately 15% among bulls and 6% among cows. This mutation is also prevalent among Holstein cattle throughout the world, placing this disorder among the most common genetic diseases known in animal agriculture. All cattle with the mutant allele are related to one bull, who through the use of artificial insemination sired many calves in the 1950s and 1960s. The organization of the dairy industry and the diagnostic test described herein will enable nearly complete eradication of bovine LAD within 1 year. These results also demonstrate that bovine LAD is genetically homologous and phenotypically similar to human LAD, thus providing a useful animal model for studies of LAD and beta2 integrin function. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE COLL VET MED,DEPT CLIN SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. OI Gilbert, Robert/0000-0002-1528-243X NR 32 TC 255 Z9 263 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 1 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 19 BP 9225 EP 9229 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.19.9225 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JQ934 UT WOS:A1992JQ93400076 PM 1384046 ER PT J AU COLE, RB DOMELSMITH, LN DAVID, CM LAINE, RA DELUCCA, AJ AF COLE, RB DOMELSMITH, LN DAVID, CM LAINE, RA DELUCCA, AJ TI CF-252 PLASMA-DESORPTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY OF LIPID A FROM ENTEROBACTER-AGGLOMERANS SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION; FORM LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; A COMPONENT; BACKBONE; LOCATION AB Endotoxins from gram-negative bacteria are believed to be causative agents of byssinosis. an occupational pulmonary disease associated with exposure to cotton dust in textile mills. Lipid A preparations from Enterobacter agglomerans, a gram-negative bacterium commonly found in cotton and cotton dust, have been analyzed using plasma-desorption mass spectrometry. Results indicate the existence of at least two lipid A types which differ only by the presence of an additional oxygen atom whose position has been localized to the acyloxyacyl ester-linked side-chain of the distal portion of the molecule. The lower molecular weight compound of the two structures has the same molecular weight and presumably the same empirical formula as a well-characterized lipid A from Salmonella minnesota. The mass spectra of lipid A compounds obtained from S. minnesota and E. agglomerans show strong similarities. Palmitoyl, hydroxymyristoyl, myristoyl, and lauroyl side-chains which are known to be present in the former are inferred from spectral evidence to be present in the latter. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP COLE, RB (reprint author), UNIV NEW ORLEANS,DEPT CHEM,LAKEFRONT CAMPUS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70148, USA. RI Laine, Roger A/B-9434-2014 OI Laine, Roger A/0000-0001-5984-4409 FU NCRR NIH HHS [1S10RR03832] NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 6 IS 10 BP 616 EP 622 DI 10.1002/rcm.1290061006 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA JV244 UT WOS:A1992JV24400005 PM 1421514 ER PT J AU WIEGAND, CL MAAS, SJ AASE, JK HATFIELD, JL PINTER, PJ JACKSON, RD KANEMASU, ET LAPITAN, RL AF WIEGAND, CL MAAS, SJ AASE, JK HATFIELD, JL PINTER, PJ JACKSON, RD KANEMASU, ET LAPITAN, RL TI MULTISITE ANALYSES OF SPECTRAL-BIOPHYSICAL DATA FOR WHEAT SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; WINTER-WHEAT; LEAF-AREA; VEGETATION INDEXES; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; COMPONENTS-ANALYSIS; YIELD; SOIL; INTERCEPTION; NITROGEN AB Reflectance factors and biophysical plant measurements for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) experiments conducted at Lubbock, Texas, Manhattan, Kansas, Phoenix, Arizona, Sidney, Montana, and Weslaco, Texas were fit by various equation forms for six currently used vegetation indices (VI): n-space greenness (GVI), perpendicular (PVI), NIR/RED ratio (RVI), soil adjusted (SAVI2), normalized difference (NDVI), and transformed soil adjusted (TSAVI). The objective was to produce relations from the data pooled across all locations that could be recommended for general use for wheat. Data were analyzed by premaximum leaf area (pre-L(max)), post-maximum leaf area (post-L(max)), and whole season portions of the growing season. Leaf area index (L) was best estimated from RVI and TSAVI by linear equations, from NDVI and TSAVI by exponential equations, and from the orthogonal indices GVI and PVI equally well by power and quadratic equation forms. These equation forms gave coefficients of determination (R2) that ranged from 0.72 to 0. 86, and root mean square errors (RMSE) in estimating L that ranged from 0.63 to 0.90 across locations and measurements that differed in soils, sun angles, cultivars, agronomic treatments, and radiometers. The single best equation form for estimating L from VI across all VI was the power form. The orthogonal indices GVI and PVI were more responsive to canopy architecture than the ratio vegetation indices, and GVI ranked as the best single index. Equations for estimating fractional absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR)from VI given herein agree well with empirical and semitheoretical equations and their coefficients found in the literature. Our results demonstrate the robustness of vegetation indices across experiment variables and measurement conditions, and provide general functional relations that should be useful for wheat. C1 USDA ARS,NO PLAINS SOIL & WATER RES LAB,SIDNEY,MT. USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX. USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP WIEGAND, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 46 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(92)90064-Q PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA JM721 UT WOS:A1992JM72100001 ER PT J AU BRYAN, WL AF BRYAN, WL TI RESEARCH APPROACHES TO REDUCE CMA COST SO RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING LA English DT Article AB The cost to produce CMA could be substantially reduced by use of processes that ferment low-cost feedstocks to acetic acid compared with processes that use purchased acetic acid. Low-cost materials that could be used as feedstocks for thermophilic acetogenic bacterial fermentations include com (glucose), wood (glucose and xylose), municipal solid waste (glucose and xylose), unused whey (lactose) and several single-carbon compounds (CO, CO2 and methanol). Among these, the combination of methanol and CO2 provides the lowest cost feedstocks that are readily available as items of commerce without logistics problems and that could be most easily utilized in existing fermentation processes, such as rotating biological contactors or fluidized bed reactors. The most economical fermentation processes would use dolomitic lime products to control pH during the fermentation and form CMA in the broth which would be concentrated and dried by use of conventional chemical engineering technology. The use of selectively calcined dolomite, CaCO2 . MgO, Might reduce cost by supplying the extra magnesium needed for the preferred CMA composition, CaMg2 (CH3COO)6. RP BRYAN, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-3449 J9 RESOUR CONSERV RECY JI Resour. Conserv. Recycl. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 7 IS 1-3 BP 25 EP 42 DI 10.1016/0921-3449(92)90004-L PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JW531 UT WOS:A1992JW53100003 ER PT J AU ROJAS, NS PERRY, DA LI, CY FRIEDMAN, J AF ROJAS, NS PERRY, DA LI, CY FRIEDMAN, J TI INFLUENCE OF ACTINOMYCETES ON FRANKIA INFECTION, NITROGENASE ACTIVITY AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RED ALDER SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALNUS-GLUTINOSA; OREGON; SOIL AB The influence of actinomycetes isolated from different sources was examined in respect to acetylene reduction, nodule weight and total biomass of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) seedlings. Soil samples and nodulated roots of young red alder were collected from a 5 yr old clearcut on Marys Peak, Ore. Nitrogen-fixing Frankia was isolated from root nodules, and other actinomycetes from nodule surfaces, roots and soil. Ten morphologically-different actinomycetes from each of the three sources were selected for the experiment. Red alder seedlings were greenhouse-grown in a 1 : 1 soil mixture of peat moss and vermiculite. After 1 month, seedlings were either inoculated with Frankia and an actinomycete isolate from one of the 30 colonies or inoculated with Frankia only. A control group was not inoculated. Five months after inoculation, seedlings inoculated with isolates from nodule surfaces had slightly greater nodule weight than seedlings inoculated with isolates from roots, but the source of isolate did not appear to influence other measured variables. However, the influence of the different isolates on C2H2 reduction g nodule-1, nodule weight seedling-1 and total seedling weight varied significantly. Acetylene reduction seedling-1 did not differ. Seedling capacity for N2 fixation was not associated with reduced seedling growth. With 5 of the 30 isolates, seedlings had greater C2H2 reduction g nodule-1 than those inoculated only with Frankia, and with one isolate, they had lower nodule weight. By far the major influence of actinomycetes was reduced seedling weight. Of 30 Frankia-actinomycete mixtures, 13 were associated with seedlings that were significantly smaller than seedlings inoculated with Frankia alone. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. GEORGE S WISE FAC LIFE SCI,DEPT BOT,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. RP ROJAS, NS (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1043 EP 1049 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(92)90034-U PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JT440 UT WOS:A1992JT44000015 ER PT J AU SOJKA, RE LUXMOORE, RJ AF SOJKA, RE LUXMOORE, RJ TI THE CAREER AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF PROFESSOR STOLEY,LEWIS,H SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Item About an Individual AB The collection of papers in this issue of Soil Science, presented by arrangement with the Soil Science Society of America, Crop Science Society of America, and American Society of Agronomy, honors the career and achievements of Professor Lewis H. Stolzy. The papers were presented in a special symposium at the Annual Meetings of the Tri-Societies held in Denver, Colorado in October 1991 to review recent research developments in plant responses to the soil physical environment. This topic is the focus of Professor Stolzy's research and teaching career. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP SOJKA, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES,KIMBERLY,ID, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 154 IS 4 BP 257 EP 258 DI 10.1097/00010694-199210000-00001 PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JV541 UT WOS:A1992JV54100001 ER PT J AU SOJKA, RE AF SOJKA, RE TI STOMATAL CLOSURE IN OXYGEN-STRESSED PLANTS SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID FLOODED PEA-PLANTS; FRAXINUS-PENNSYLVANICA SEEDLINGS; ABSCISIC-ACID ACCUMULATION; WATER-TABLE GRADIENT; LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; ZEA-MAYS-L; TOMATO PLANTS; SOIL-OXYGEN; NITROGEN DEFICIENCY; COTTON PLANTS AB Stomatal closure of plants in flooded soil, as determined by leaf gas exchange, has been recognized since 1973, and for simple hypoxia since 1975. At least 58 species have been shown to close stomata with hypoxic or flooded conditions. Various factors interact to affect the relationship between rhizosphere oxygen availability, as measured by soil oxygen diffusion rate (ODR), and degree of stomatal closure. These factors include root temperature, species, plant growth stage, plant mineral nutrition, and duration and nature of hypoxia. Soil water content, bulk density, and temperature also influence ODR. Abscisic acid accumulation in leaves appears to induce stomatal closure, as a stress response to root hypoxia, through its effect on potassium ion regulation of guard cell turgor. Stomatal closure generally persists well beyond actual soil hypoxia. Photosynthesis is reduced by root hypoxia, both by reduction of leaf gas exchange and by a lowering of the photosynthetic rate at a given leaf gas exchange rate. This phenomenon deserves greater attention in evaluating and modelling of crop response to soil hypoxia and as a sensitive indicator of severity of soil hypoxic stress. RP SOJKA, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES,3793N-3600E,KIMBERLY,ID, USA. NR 132 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 154 IS 4 BP 269 EP 280 DI 10.1097/00010694-199210000-00003 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JV541 UT WOS:A1992JV54100003 ER PT J AU LOGSDON, SD LINDEN, DR AF LOGSDON, SD LINDEN, DR TI INTERACTIONS OF EARTHWORMS WITH SOIL PHYSICAL CONDITIONS INFLUENCING PLANT-GROWTH SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIRECT DRILLED CEREALS; UNTILLED LOESS SOIL; ROOT-GROWTH; APORRECTODEA-ROSEA; WATER-UPTAKE; INFILTRATION; CHANNELS; MODEL; PRODUCTIVITY; BIOPORES AB Earthworms have been credited with creating channels that allow deeper root penetration through hardpans or unstructured soils; however, the benefit of earthworm channels decreases as the volume of alternative low resistance pathways for root growth increases. Improved root growth does not always result in increased crop growth. Some earthworm species incorporate surface residue and surface-applied lime and fertilizers. Earthworm channels can increase infiltration and reduce runoff, increasing soil water availability or, possibly, deep percolation to maintain favorable water status for crop growth. Pot studies often indicate increased plant growth in response to unrealistically high earthworm inoculation rates; however, only a few field studies indicate any plant growth increases, mainly for pastures, orchards, and small grains. The mechanisms and dynamics of plant response to earthworms needs to be more thoroughly explored, especially in field studies at realistic inoculation rates and with statistical comparisons. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP LOGSDON, SD (reprint author), USDA AGRS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 26 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 18 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 154 IS 4 BP 330 EP 337 DI 10.1097/00010694-199210000-00009 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JV541 UT WOS:A1992JV54100009 ER PT J AU SHIER, WT ABBAS, HK AF SHIER, WT ABBAS, HK TI OCCURRENCE OF THE MYCOTOXIN CHLAMYDOSPOROL IN FUSARIUM SPECIES SO TOXICON LA English DT Note AB The mycotoxin chlamydosporol (C11H14O5) has been independently isolated from three different Fusarium species (F. chlamydosporum, F. acuminatum and F. culmorum), suggesting that its distribution may be widespread. We have developed a sensitive, specific fluorometric assay for chlamydosporol that allows quantitation in crude culture extracts. Using this assay we have observed production of chlamydosporol on rice medium by 23 of 40 isolates (58%) of Fusarium sp. examined in amounts as high as 0.8% (wt/wt) dried culture medium. C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP SHIER, WT (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MED CHEM,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD OCT PY 1992 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1295 EP 1298 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA JR388 UT WOS:A1992JR38800017 PM 1440633 ER PT J AU BRISSETTE, JC CHAMBERS, JL AF BRISSETTE, JC CHAMBERS, JL TI LEAF WATER STATUS AND ROOT-SYSTEM WATER FLUX OF SHORTLEAF PINE (PINUS-ECHINATA MILL) SEEDLINGS IN RELATION TO NEW ROOT-GROWTH AFTER TRANSPLANTING SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Water relations and root growth of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) were studied four weeks after seedlings from a half-sib family had been transplanted to one of three regimes of soil water availability at a root zone temperature of either 15 or 20-degrees-C. About one-third of the variation in new root growth was explained by the root zone environment. The interaction between root zone temperature and soil water availability accounted for 10% of the variation in new root growth. In the most favorable root environment, new roots averaged 620 mm2 of projected surface area. Leaf water potential increased exponentially with new root projected surface area, becoming constant at about 300 mm2. Leaf conductance and root system water flux increased linearly with new root growth. RP BRISSETTE, JC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,2500 SHREVEPORT HIGHWAY,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 11 IS 3 BP 289 EP 303 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JV660 UT WOS:A1992JV66000006 ER PT J AU GOKEE, TL JOYCE, LA AF GOKEE, TL JOYCE, LA TI ANALYSIS OF STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES IN A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM USING EXISTING RESOURCE DATA SO USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE FOREST PLAN STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AB Using data from the Hayden Ranger District, Medicine Bow National Forest, methods for analyzing spatially explicit standards and guidelines within a geographic information system were developed. Only 19% of the standards and guidelines were described in a spatially explicit manner. Methods were developed for buffer analyses, neighbor analyses, Patton edge index analyses, and geographic distribution analyses. The low number of spatially explicit standards and guidelines indicates there is a need to begin thinking in spatial terms in resource management. RP GOKEE, TL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROCKY MT FOREST RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION PI FT COLLINS PA 3825 EAST MULBERRY ST, FT COLLINS, CO 80524-8597 SN 0502-5001 J9 USDA FOR SERV RM RES JI USDA For. Serv. Rocky Mt. For. Range Exp Stn. Res. Pap. PD OCT PY 1992 IS RM-304 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KR338 UT WOS:A1992KR33800001 ER PT J AU MYERS, TJ LILLEHOJ, HS FETTERER, RH AF MYERS, TJ LILLEHOJ, HS FETTERER, RH TI PARTIAL-PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHICKEN INTERLEUKIN-2 SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTE REGULATORY MOLECULES; CELL GROWTH-FACTOR; T-CELL; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; AVIAN COCCIDIOSIS; LYMPHOKINES; HETEROGENEITY; HOMOGENEITY; RAT AB Chicken interleukin 2 (IL-2) activity was partially purified from conditioned medium produced by culturing chicken splenic lymphocytes in the presence of concanavalin A. The purification procedure included sequential steps of gel filtration chromatography, reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, and phenyl-sepharose chromatography. Two peaks of IL-2 activity with apparent mol. wt. ranges of 36-39 kD and 17.5-25 kD were eluted from the Sephadex G100 gel filtration column. An increase in IL-2 spec. act. from 14 U mg-1 to between 2000 and 20 000 U mg-1 was obtained for the Sephadex G100 column peaks when subjected to the subsequent steps of the purification procedure. Alkylative reduction of the higher mol. wt. Sephadex G100 column peak (followed by re-chromatography with Sephadex G100), resulted in generation of the lower ( 17.5 kD) mol. wt. peak, indicating that chicken IL-2 is capable of either dimerizing or forming aggregates with other proteins. Elution of the lower mol. wt. IL-2 activity from a non-reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel demonstrated an apparent mol. wt. for chicken IL-2 of 20 kD, which confirmed the range of 17.5-25 kD seen with gel filtration. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 34 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 114 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(92)90154-I PG 18 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA JU877 UT WOS:A1992JU87700007 PM 1441231 ER PT J AU KWANG, J LITTLEDIKE, ET DONIS, RO DUBOVI, EJ AF KWANG, J LITTLEDIKE, ET DONIS, RO DUBOVI, EJ TI RECOMBINANT POLYPEPTIDE FROM THE GP48 REGION OF THE BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS (BVDV) DETECTS SERUM ANTIBODIES IN VACCINATED AND INFECTED CATTLE SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUCOSAL DISEASE VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NEUTRALIZING ACTIVITY; MOLECULAR SPECIFICITY; PROTEINS; PESTIVIRUS; GLYCOPROTEINS; FLAVIVIRIDAE; CLONING; CELLS AB To characterize the immune response of cattle to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) glycoprotein gp48, we have produced a large amount of recombinant glutathione-s-transferase-gp48 (GST-gp48) fusion protein in Escherichia coli. Antibodies to gp48 were present in cattle vaccinated with killed or modified-live virus vaccination, or following natural infection. These results were in agreement with results of serum neutralization (SN) test which detected gp53 of BVDV. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT VET SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68588. CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE COLL VET MED,DIAGNOST LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP KWANG, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 3-4 BP 281 EP 292 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(92)90151-I PG 12 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA JT707 UT WOS:A1992JT70700008 PM 1333674 ER PT J AU JARDINE, JE DUBEY, JP AF JARDINE, JE DUBEY, JP TI CANINE NEOSPOROSIS IN SOUTH-AFRICA SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID DOGS AB Neospora caninum was identified in tissues of one neonatal and two adolescent dogs by a specific immunohistochemical technique during a retrospective study. The histological lesions included multifocal polymyositis, multifocal parasitic myocarditis, interstitial pneumonia, severe multifocal encephalitis and myelitis with perivascular cuffing. This report extends the known range of the parasite to the African continent. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC E,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV PRETORIA,FAC VET SCI,DEPT PATHOL,ONDERSTEPOORT 0110,SOUTH AFRICA. NR 4 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 44 IS 3-4 BP 291 EP 294 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(92)90124-R PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA KA596 UT WOS:A1992KA59600010 PM 1466136 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP RICKARD, LG ZIMMERMAN, GL MULROONEY, DM AF DUBEY, JP RICKARD, LG ZIMMERMAN, GL MULROONEY, DM TI SEROPREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMA-GONDII IN LLAMAS (LAMA-GLAMA) IN THE NORTHWEST USA SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note AB Serum samples from 283 llamas (Lama glama) from Oregon, Washington State and Idaho were tested for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii using the modified agglutination test. Antibodies were found in 95 (33.5%) llamas. Percent seropositivity in serum dilutions of 1:25, 1:50, 1:500, and 1:5000 was 9.5%, 18.3%, 4.9%, and 0.7%, respectively. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC E,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BLDG 1040,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 3 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 44 IS 3-4 BP 295 EP 298 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(92)90125-S PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA KA596 UT WOS:A1992KA59600011 PM 1466137 ER PT J AU KIRKBRIDE, CA DUBEY, JP LIBAL, MC AF KIRKBRIDE, CA DUBEY, JP LIBAL, MC TI EFFECT OF FEEDING LASALOCID TO PREGNANT EWES EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH TOXOPLASMA-GONDII SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; OVINE TOXOPLASMOSIS; SHEEP; ABORTIONS AB Sixteen 50 day gestational ewes were fed lasalocid at the rate of 30 g t-1 and were orally inoculated with 100 infective Toxoplasma gondii oocysts 5 days after beginning feeding of lasalocid. Seventeen control ewes were similarly inoculated with T. gondii and were not fed lasalocid. The rate of abortion and neonatal mortality in both treated and untreated ewes was similar, indicating that feeding lasalocid was not effective in preventing T. gondii abortion in sheep. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC E,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BLDG 1040,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,ANIM DIS RES & DIAGNOST LAB,DEPT VET SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 44 IS 3-4 BP 299 EP 303 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(92)90126-T PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA KA596 UT WOS:A1992KA59600012 PM 1466138 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP BROWN, CA CARPENTER, JL MOORE, JJ AF DUBEY, JP BROWN, CA CARPENTER, JL MOORE, JJ TI FATAL TOXOPLASMOSIS IN DOMESTIC RABBITS IN THE USA SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID TISSUE-SECTIONS AB Three rabbits from two sources died after an acute illness characterized by fever, lethargy and diarrhea in one rabbit and no clinical signs in two rabbits. The most striking lesion in all three rabbits was foci of necrosis of the spleen and liver associated with massive presence of multiplying Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. The diagnosis was confirmed by specific staining with anti-T. gondii serum in an avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemical stain. C1 ANGELL MEM ANIM HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02130. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DURHAM,NH 03824. UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,VET DIAGNOST LAB,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BLDG 1040,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 44 IS 3-4 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(92)90127-U PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA KA596 UT WOS:A1992KA59600013 PM 1466139 ER PT J AU MASRI, MD DEALDA, JL DUBEY, JP AF MASRI, MD DEALDA, JL DUBEY, JP TI SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA-ASSOCIATED ATAXIA IN HORSES IN BRAZIL SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Sarcocystis neurona-like schizonts were found in sections of brain and spinal cord of two ataxic horses from Brazil. The diagnosis was supported by staining with anti-sarcocystis serum in an immunohistochemical test. One of the affected horses was born in Argentina and raised in Brazil, and the other horse was born and raised in Brazil. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV FLORIDA,COLL VET MED,DEPT LARGE ANIM CLIN SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 44 IS 3-4 BP 311 EP 314 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(92)90128-V PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA KA596 UT WOS:A1992KA59600014 PM 1466140 ER PT J AU HAVIS, RN SMITH, RE ADRIAN, DD AF HAVIS, RN SMITH, RE ADRIAN, DD TI PARTITIONING SOLUTE TRANSPORT BETWEEN INFILTRATION AND OVERLAND-FLOW UNDER RAINFALL SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RUNOFF WATER; SURFACE RUNOFF; SOIL; MODEL; RELEASE AB Solute transport from soil to overland flow is an important source of nonpoint pollution and was investigated through tracer studies in the laboratory and at an outdoor laboratory catchment. The depth of surface water interaction with soil, defined as the mixing zone is a useful value for approximate estimation of potential solute transport into surface water under rainfall. It was measured in the laboratory for a noninfiltration case (0.90 to 1.0 cm) and estimated through mass balance modeling for an infiltration case (0.52 and 0.73 cm). At an outdoor laboratory catchment, mixing zones were calculated through calibration of a numerical model that describes unsteady, uniform, infiltration and chemical transport. Overland flow was simulated using kinematic wave theory. Mixing zone depths ranged from 0.47 to 1.02 cm and were a linear function of rainfall intensity. Also, the fraction of solute present in the mixing zone at the time of ponding which was extracted into overland flow was a linear function of the initial soil moisture content. A steady state analytical approximation of the solute transport model was also developed which overpredicted solute transport into overland flow by 1 to 60%. C1 USDA ARS, CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT, COLUMBIA, MO USA. USDA ARS, WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA. RP HAVIS, RN (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. NR 38 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 28 IS 10 BP 2569 EP 2580 DI 10.1029/92WR01366 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JR409 UT WOS:A1992JR40900002 ER PT J AU PARLANGE, MB PRASAD, SN PARLANGE, JY ROMKENS, MJM AF PARLANGE, MB PRASAD, SN PARLANGE, JY ROMKENS, MJM TI EXTENSION OF THE HEASLET-ALKSNE TECHNIQUE TO ARBITRARY SOIL-WATER DIFFUSIVITIES SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LINEAR DIFFUSION EQUATION; HORIZONTAL INFILTRATION; OPTIMIZATION; MOVEMENT AB The Heaslet-Alksne technique solved the nonlinear diffusion equation by expansion around the wetting front for power taw diffusivities. Essentially the same technique has been applied when a well-defined wetting front exists at a finite distance. In this paper, the method is extended for an arbitrary diffusivity and to the case when there is no well-defined wetting front at a finite distance. Two illustrations for exponential and power law diffusivities show the excellent accuracy of the method. C1 USDA,SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT AGR ENGN,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV MISSISSIPPI,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,UNIVERSITY,MS 38677. RP PARLANGE, MB (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. RI Parlange, Marc/A-3403-2015 NR 25 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 28 IS 10 BP 2793 EP 2797 DI 10.1029/92WR01683 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JR409 UT WOS:A1992JR40900022 ER PT J AU BOYDSTON, RA ALKHATIB, K AF BOYDSTON, RA ALKHATIB, K TI TERBACIL AND BROMACIL CROSS-RESISTANCE IN POWELL AMARANTH (AMARANTHUS-POWELLII) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; AMAPO AB A triazine-resistant Powell amaranth biotype collected in Idaho was approximately six times more resistant to terbacil and sixteen times more resistant to bromacil than a normal susceptible biotype when planted into terbacil- or bromacil-treated soil. The concentration of terbacil required to reduce photosystem II activity by 50% (150) in isolated thylakoids was 0.24 and 13.33 muM for the susceptible and resistant biotypes, respectively. Likewise, the 150 values for bromacil were 0.33 and 18.4 muM for the susceptible and resistant biotypes, respectively. More C-14-terbacil was bound to isolated thylakoids of the susceptible than the resistant biotype with binding constants (Kb) of 0.26 and 12.9 muM, respectively, indicating that resistance was at the chloroplast level. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,NW RES & EXT CTR,MT VERNON,WA 98273. RP BOYDSTON, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 513 EP 516 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KK933 UT WOS:A1992KK93300003 ER PT J AU BUMAN, RA GEALY, DR OGG, AG AF BUMAN, RA GEALY, DR OGG, AG TI EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON ROOT ABSORPTION OF METRIBUZIN AND ITS ETHYLTHIO ANALOG BY WINTER-WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM), JOINTED GOATGRASS (AEGILOPS-CYLINDRICA), AND DOWNY BROME (BROMUS-TECTORUM) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ETHYL-METRIBUZIN; SMY 1500; ETHIOZIN; AEGCY; BROTE ID TRANSLOCATION; METABOLISM; CULTIVARS; TOMATO AB Root absorption of subtoxic levels of metribuzin and its ethylthio analog (ethyl-metribuzin) by downy brome, jointed goatgrass, and winter wheat increased by a factor of three to five times as temperature increased from 10 to 20 C. Absorption of ethyl-metribuzin per gram dry weight was similar for ail three species. Absorption and distribution of ethyl-metribuzin, but not metribuzin, were similar per gram dry weight in downy brome and jointed goatgrass. Absorption of metribuzin per gram dry weight was lower for winter wheat than for the other two species at 20 C. In general, the ratio of absorbed ethylmetribuzin detected in shoots to that in roots was less in winter wheat and jointed goatgrass than in downy brome. The absorption by roots of C-14-herbicides relative to water was similar for winter wheat and jointed goatgrass. Absorption of both C-14-herbicides by winter wheat and jointed goatgrass was nonpreferential with respect to water absorption at 10 and 15 C. However, at 20 C 14C-herbicide absorption was reduced 5 to 30% with respect to water absorption. Downy brome absorption of C-14-herbicides with respect to water was 30 to 50% less than that of the other two species. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 517 EP 521 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KK933 UT WOS:A1992KK93300004 ER PT J AU BOVEY, RW WHISENANT, SG AF BOVEY, RW WHISENANT, SG TI HONEY MESQUITE (PROSOPIS-GLANDULOSA) CONTROL BY SYNERGISTIC ACTION OF CLOPYRALID - TRICLOPYR MIXTURES SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HERBICIDES; CANOPY REDUCTION; MORTALITY; FOLIAR SPRAYS; PRCJG ID PHYTOTOXICITY; FORMULATIONS AB Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate clopyralid formulations and triclopyr ester alone and in mixtures for control of honey mesquite. In the greenhouse the butoxyethyl ester of triclopyr enhanced activity of the monoethanolamine salt of clopyralid when applied as mixtures for total rates of 210 to 630 g ae ha-1. Greenhouse activity of triclopyr was not enhanced with the addition of clopyralid. In the field, 1989 applications of these same formulations, mixtures, and rates were usually synergistic, with each mixture killing more plants than the combined effect of either herbicide applied alone. For example, clopyralid plus triclopyr at 140 plus 140 g ae ha-1 killed 87% of the plants. When applied alone at 140 g ha-1 neither herbicide killed >27% of the plants. Honey mesquite response to the potassium or oleylamine salt of clopyralid was similar to the monoethanolamine salt when applied alone or in mixtures with triclopyr ester. Effectiveness of these mixtures in 1990 was similar to the 1988 and 1989 applications except that two to three times more herbicide was required for high mortality in 1990 because of unfavorable environment and plant growth prior to treatment. C1 WEED SCI LAB HEADQUARTERS,BELTSVILLE,MD. RP BOVEY, RW (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEP RANGELAND ECOL & MANAGE,USDA ARS,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 563 EP 567 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KK933 UT WOS:A1992KK93300012 ER PT J AU DONALD, WW KHAN, M AF DONALD, WW KHAN, M TI YIELD LOSS ASSESSMENT FOR SPRING WHEAT (TRITICUM-AESTIVUM) INFESTED WITH CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM-ARVENSE) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHISEL PLOW; COMPETITION; INTERFERENCE; NO-TILLAGE; REDUCED TILLAGE; TILLAGE ID CROP AB In eight of nine trials spanning 5 yr, relative yield of semidwarf hard red spring wheat (yield expressed as a percent of estimated weed-free yield) decreased linearly as Canada thistle shoot density increased when measured in late July to early August in the northern Great Plains. Differences between yield loss assessment (YLA) equations could not be distinguished statistically between no-tillage and chisel-plowed production systems. Multiple linear regression equations of relative wheat yield versus wheat density plus Canada thistle shoot density accounted for more variability in YLA equations than simple linear regression equations of wheat yield versus Canada thistle shoot density alone. Estimated weed-free wheat yield and negative slope (b) for yield loss assessment equations increased as cumulative growing-season (April to August) rainfall increased. Thus, relative wheat yield was decreased more by increasing Canada thistle density (slope b became more negative) in years of greater growing-season rainfall. C1 NWFP,ARG RES INST,TARNAB,PAKISTAN. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEP CROP & WEED SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,BIOSCI RES LAB,USDA ARS,FARGO,ND 58105. RP DONALD, WW (reprint author), UMC,USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,244 AGR ENGR BLDG,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 590 EP 598 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KK933 UT WOS:A1992KK93300015 ER PT J AU FLEMING, GF WAX, LM SIMMONS, FW FELSOT, AS AF FLEMING, GF WAX, LM SIMMONS, FW FELSOT, AS TI MOVEMENT OF ALACHLOR AND METRIBUZIN FROM CONTROLLED RELEASE FORMULATIONS IN A SANDY SOIL SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LEACHING; STARCH ENCAPSULATION; MICROENCAPSULATION; SOIL COLUMNS ID ENCAPSULATION; DISSIPATION; ATRAZINE AB Field and column experiments were conducted to determine the effect of controlled release formulations on weed control and leaching of alachlor and metribuzin on a Plainfield sand. Controlled release formulations including two starch encapsulations of both herbicides and a microencapsulation of alachlor were compared to emulsifiable concentrate and dry flowable formulations of alachlor and metribuzin, respectively. Herbicide movement was measured in laboratory columns and in the field throughout two growing seasons to a soil depth of 91 cm. Soybean injury and weed control were monitored. No significant differences in herbicide movement between starch-encapsulated and emulsifiable concentrate formulations were observed in either field or column experiments. Microencapsulation resulted in the greatest retention of alachlor in the soil surface in field and columns. Compared to the dry flowable formulation, starch encapsulation did not affect metribuzin distribution in the field but reduced leaching in columns. Controlled release formulations did not result in significant differences in weed control and soybean injury compared to the emulsifiable concentrate alachlor and dry flowable metribuzin formulations. Starch encapsulations had a limited effect on alachlor and metribuzin movement. Degradation appeared to be the primary mechanism for herbicide dissipation while leaching losses were minor. C1 USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. RP FLEMING, GF (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,1102 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 606 EP 613 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KK933 UT WOS:A1992KK93300017 ER PT J AU EVERITT, JH ALANIZ, MA ESCOBAR, DE DAVIS, MR AF EVERITT, JH ALANIZ, MA ESCOBAR, DE DAVIS, MR TI USING REMOTE-SENSING TO DISTINGUISH COMMON (ISOCOMA-CORONOPIFOLIA) AND DRUMMOND GOLDENWEED (ISOCOMA-DRUMMONDII) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE REFLECTANCE; CONVENTIONAL COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY; COLOR-INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY; CONVENTIONAL COLOR VIDEO IMAGERY; RANGELANDS; IOCCO; HAPDR ID AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY; REFLECTANCE AB Common and Drummond goldenweed are troublesome subshrubs that often invade rangelands in southern Texas. Both species produce a profusion of conspicuous golden-yellow flowers in the fall. Common goldenweed flowers from late September to mid-October, whereas Drummond goldenweed flowers from mid-November to early December. Plant canopy reflectance measurements made on both species showed that they had higher visible (0.63- to 0.69-mum waveband) reflectance than did associated plant species and bare soil during flowering. Flowering common and Drummond goldenweed plants had a yellow image on conventional color (0.40- to 0.70-mum) aerial photographs that made them distinguishable from associated plants and soil. Computer analyses of the conventional color film transparencies showed that common and Drummond goldenweed infestations could be quantified from associated vegetation and soil. Flowering common goldenweed plants could also be detected on conventional color aerial video imagery. RP EVERITT, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT,2413 E HWY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 621 EP 628 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KK933 UT WOS:A1992KK93300019 ER PT J AU FORCELLA, F WILSON, RG RENNER, KA DEKKER, J HARVEY, RG ALM, DA BUHLER, DD CARDINA, J AF FORCELLA, F WILSON, RG RENNER, KA DEKKER, J HARVEY, RG ALM, DA BUHLER, DD CARDINA, J TI WEED SEEDBANKS OF THE UNITED-STATES CORN BELT - MAGNITUDE, VARIATION, EMERGENCE, AND APPLICATION SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON ECOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, AT THE 1992 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WEED SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY FEB 11, 1992 CL ORLANDO, FL SP WEED SCI SOC AMER DE BURIED SEED; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; SOIL SEED RESERVE; BIOECONOMIC WEED MANAGEMENT MODELS ID ESTIMATING SEED NUMBERS; ZEA-MAYS; SOIL AB Seedbanks and seedling emergence of annual weeds were examined in arable fields at eight locations in the Corn Belt. Seed densities were estimated by direct seed extraction from each of several soil cores in each sampled plot. Average total seedbank densities ranged from 600 to 162 000 viable seed M-2 among locations. Coefficients of variation (CV) typically exceeded 50%. CV for seed densities of individual species usually exceeded 100%, indicating strongly aggregated distributions. CV were lower for species with dense seed populations than those with sparse seed populations. Variance of total seedbank densities was unstable when < 10 cores were examined per plot, but stabilized at all locations when greater-than-or-equal-to 15 cores were analyzed, despite a 12-fold difference in plot size and 270-fold difference in seed density among locations. Percentage viable seed that emerged as seedlings in field plots ranged from < 1% for yellow rocket to 30% for giant foxtail. Redroot pigweed and common lambsquarters were the most frequently encountered species. Emergence percentages of these species were related inversely to rainfall or air temperatures in April or May, presumably because anoxia and/or high temperatures induced secondary dormancy in nondormant seed. From 50 to 90% of total seed in the seedbank were dead. This information can be employed by bioeconomic weed management models, which currently use coarse estimates of emergence percentages to customize recommendations for weed control. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,PANHANDLE RES & EXT CEN,SCOTTSBLUFF,NE. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 48824. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,URBANA,IL. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH. RP FORCELLA, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 18 TC 116 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 636 EP 644 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KK933 UT WOS:A1992KK93300022 ER PT J AU SCHREIBER, MM AF SCHREIBER, MM TI INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE, CROP-ROTATION, AND WEED MANAGEMENT ON GIANT FOXTAIL (SETARIA-FABERI) POPULATION-DYNAMICS AND CORN YIELD SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON ECOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, AT THE 1992 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WEED SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY FEB 11, 1992 CL ORLANDO, FL SP WEED SCI SOC AMER DE CONVENTIONAL MOLDBOARD PLOW; CHISEL PLOW; NO-TILLAGE; WEED DENSITY, CORN YIELD, ALLELOPATHY; WEED SEEDBANK; ZEA-MAYS; GLYCINE-MAX; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; SETFA ID WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; ZEA-MAYS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; HERBICIDE USE; SEED; SOIL; SYSTEMS; CULTIVATION AB A long-term integrated pest management study initiated in 1980 and continued through 1991 was conducted to determine interactions of tillage, crop rotation, and herbicide use levels on weed seed populations, weed populations, and crop yield. This paper presents giant foxtail seed population and stand along with corn yield in continuous corn, corn rotated with soybean, or corn following wheat in a soybean-wheat-corn rotation. Increasing herbicide use levels above the minimum reduced giant foxtail seed in the 0- to 2.5-cm depth of soil. Reducing tillage from conventional moldboard plowing to chiseling to no-tilling increased giant foxtail seed in only the top 0 to 2.5 cm of soil. No-tilling increased giant foxtail seed over conventional tillage in each year data were collected. Growing corn in a soybean-corn or soybean-wheat-corn rotation reduced giant foxtail seed from corn grown continuously in all three soil depths sampled: 0 to 2.5 cm, 2.5 to 10 cm, and 10 to 20 cm. Although stands of giant foxtail tended to follow soil weed seed counts, crop rotation significantly reduced giant foxtail stand with maximum reduction in the soybean-wheat-corn rotation in all tillage systems. Giant foxtail stands were reduced following wheat in no-tilling, probably because of the allelopathic influence of wheat straw. Corn yields showed weed management levels above minimum control are not justified regardless of tillage and crop rotation. C1 PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP SCHREIBER, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 28 TC 75 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 645 EP 653 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KK933 UT WOS:A1992KK93300023 ER PT J AU GUTTIERI, MJ EBERLEIN, CV MALLORYSMITH, CA THILL, DC HOFFMAN, DL AF GUTTIERI, MJ EBERLEIN, CV MALLORYSMITH, CA THILL, DC HOFFMAN, DL TI DNA-SEQUENCE VARIATION IN DOMAIN A OF THE ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE GENES OF HERBICIDE-RESISTANT AND HERBICIDE-SUSCEPTIBLE WEED BIOTYPES SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON ECOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, AT THE 1992 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WEED SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY FEB 11, 1992 CL ORLANDO, FL SP WEED SCI SOC AMER DE GENETIC VARIATION; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; RFLP; KCHSC; LACSE; SASKR ID SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES; CROSS-RESISTANCE; BRASSICA-NAPUS; TOBACCO; EXPRESSION; MUTATION AB The DNA sequence of a 196 base pair (bp) region of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) genes of three weed species, kochia, prickly lettuce, and Russian thistle, was determined. This region encompasses the coding sequence for Domain A, a region of the amino acid sequence previously demonstrated to play a pivotal role in conferring resistance to herbicides that inhibit ALS. The Domain A DNA sequence from a chlorsulfuron-resistant (R) prickly lettuce biotype from Idaho differed from that of a chlorsulfuron-susceptible (S) biotype by a single point mutation, which substituted a histidine for a proline. The Domain A DNA sequence from an R kochia biotype from Kansas also differed from that of an S biotype by a single point mutation in the same proline codon. This point mutation, however, conferred substitution of threonine for proline. Two different ALS-homologous sequences were isolated from an R biotype of Russian thistle. Neither sequence encoded amino acid substitutions in Domain A that differed from the consensus S sequence. The DNA sequence variation among the R and S kochia biotypes was used to characterize six Ada County, Idaho, kochia collections for correlation between phenotypic chlorsulfuron susceptibility and restriction digest patterns (RFLPs) of polymerase chain reaction amplification products. Most collections showed excellent correspondence between the RFLP patterns and the phenotypic response to chlorsulfuron application. However, one entirely R collection had the RFLP pattern of the S biotype, suggesting that resistance was not due to mutation in the proline codon. C1 UNIV IDAHO,MOSCOW,ID 83843. USDA ARS,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. RP GUTTIERI, MJ (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 22 TC 83 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP 670 EP 676 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KK933 UT WOS:A1992KK93300026 ER PT J AU LIEBL, R SIMMONS, FW WAX, LM STOLLER, EW AF LIEBL, R SIMMONS, FW WAX, LM STOLLER, EW TI EFFECT OF RYE (SECALE-CEREALE) MULCH ON WEED-CONTROL AND SOIL-MOISTURE IN SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COVER CROP; NO-TILLAGE; REDUCED TILLAGE AB A four-year experiment was conducted near Urbana, IL to evaluate the effect of a rye cover crop on weed control, soybean yield and soil moisture. Soybeans were planted into either a rye mulch or com stubble (with and without spring tillage). Giant foxtail, velvetleaf, smooth pigweed and common lambsquarters control in the rye mulch plots was generally greater than 90% and better than the com residue treatments five weeks after planting. Weed control was generally better, except for lambsquarters, in the com residue without spring tillage plots compared to the spring-tilled plots. Herbicides improved weed control in the com residue plots but not in the no-till rye treatment, due to the excellent control by the rye mulch. Soil water content was lowest during June under the late-killed (killed at planting) rye during dry periods due to water depletion caused by the growing rye. During wet periods the rye mulch resulted in a wetter soil profile compared to the com residue treatments. Soybean yields were reduced in late-killed rye compared to early-killed rye (killed 2 wk prior to planting) due to soybean stand reductions in the late killed rye. Yields in early-killed rye and spring-tilled treatments were similar to or better than soybeans planted in com residue without spring tillage. RP LIEBL, R (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820, USA. NR 0 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 6 IS 4 BP 838 EP 846 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KF986 UT WOS:A1992KF98600009 ER PT J AU CREAGER, RA AF CREAGER, RA TI SEED-GERMINATION, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF CATCLAW MIMOSA (MIMOSA-PIGRA VAR PIGRA) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LEGUMINOSAE; HERBICIDES; FOREIGN NOXIOUS WEEDS; SENSITIVE WEED; EXOTIC WEED AB Catclaw mimosa, an exotic member of the Leguminosae, occurs in three areas of Florida. Propagation is by seed only. Seeds collected from Florida were used for germination, growth, and herbicide evaluation studies. Seeds germinated at 75 to 94% but were not influenced by different environmental conditions under which they were stored. Greenhouse-grown plants cut or burned off at ground level failed to regrow. However, plants cut at 2 cm or more above ground level regrew from lateral shoots. Sixteen herbicides were evaluated to determine their effects on 6- to 8-wk-old plants grown in the greenhouse. Catclaw mimosa was killed by picloram, tebuthiuron, hexazinone and sulfometuron at 0.4, 0.07, 0.14, and 0.56 kg ha-1, respectively. Dicamba at 1.12, triclopyr at 1.12 (Garlon 3A and 4), linuron at 4.48, and glyphosate at 8.96 kg ha-1 were also effective. Chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron killed 9 out of 10 plants at the highest rates tested. Four herbicides, imazapyr, thifensulfuron, DPX-L5300, and atrazine killed 50% or less of the plants at the highest rates of each compound tested. Fosamine did not kill catclaw mimosa at the rates tested. RP CREAGER, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BLDG 1501,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 6 IS 4 BP 884 EP 891 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KF986 UT WOS:A1992KF98600016 ER PT J AU EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE ALANIZ, MA VILLARREAL, R DAVIS, MR AF EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE ALANIZ, MA VILLARREAL, R DAVIS, MR TI DISTINGUISHING BRUSH AND WEEDS ON RANGELANDS USING VIDEO REMOTE-SENSING SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIRBORNE VIDEO; COLOR-INFRARED VIDEO IMAGERY; MULTISPECTRAL NARROW-BAND VIDEO IMAGERY; CONVENTIONAL COLOR VIDEO IMAGERY; EIMAU; ASTSN; TAACH AB This paper describes the application of a relatively new remote sensing tool, airborne video imagery, for distinguishing weed and brush species on rangelands. Plant species studied were false broomweed, spiny aster, and Chinese tamarisk. A multispectral video system that acquired color-infrared (CIR) composite imagery and its simultaneously synchronized three-band [near-infrared (NIR), red, and yellow-green] narrowband images was used for the false broomweed and spiny aster experiments. A conventional color camcorder video system was used to study Chinese tamarisk. False broomweed and spiny aster could be detected on CIR composite and NIR narrowband imagery, while Chinese tamarisk could be distinguished on conventional color imagery. Quantitative data obtained from digitized video images of the three species showed that their digital values were statistically different (P = 0.05) from those of associated vegetation and soil. Computer analyses of video images showed that populations of the three species could be quantified from associated vegetation. This technique permits area estimates of false broomweed, spiny aster, and Chinese tamarisk populations on rangeland and wildland areas. RP EVERITT, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT,2413 E HWY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 6 IS 4 BP 913 EP 921 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KF986 UT WOS:A1992KF98600021 ER PT J AU PANTONE, DJ BAKER, JB AF PANTONE, DJ BAKER, JB TI VARIETAL TOLERANCE OF RICE (ORYZA-SATIVA) TO BROMOXYNIL AND TRICLOPYR AT DIFFERENT GROWTH-STAGES SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CROP TOLERANCE; HERBICIDE PHYTOTOXICITY; LOUISIANA; VARIETAL SUSCEPTIBILITY AB This study was conducted to determine the tolerance of three cultivars of rice ('Lemont', 'Mars', and 'Tebonnet') to bromoxynil and triclopyr. The effects of two rates of application (the labeled rate and twice the labeled rate) at three different growth stages (two- to three-leaf stage, four- to five-leaf stage, and panicle initiation) on percent visible injury rating and percent grain yield reduction of rice were investigated. Percent visible injury ratings for triclopyr averaged across all rates and application times, were 15, 16, and 25% (LSD = 3%) for Tebonnet, Mars, and Lemont, respectively, whereas ratings for bromoxynil were 11, 8, and 7% injury (LSD = 2%). Tebonnet was more tolerant than Lemont to triclopyr with an average percent grain yield reduction, across treatments, of 6% compared with 9% for Mars and 12% for Lemont (LSD = 4%). Bromoxynil did not decrease the average yield of any of the three cultivars. RP PANTONE, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERV RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 6 IS 4 BP 968 EP 974 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KF986 UT WOS:A1992KF98600029 ER PT J AU ELMORE, CD SCHROEDER, J AF ELMORE, CD SCHROEDER, J TI WOOLLY MORNINGGLORY (IPOMOEA-HIRSUTULA) AS A WEED-TAXONOMIC CLARIFICATION SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE WEED IDENTIFICATION; IVYLEAF MORNINGGLORY; TALL MORNINGGLORY; IPOHE; PHBPU AB Collections of woolly morningglory from New Mexico were determined to be tall morningglory (Ipomoea purpurea) or, in some cases, ivyleaf morningglory (I. hederacea) by misapplication. Woolly morningglory is a variant of tall morningglory with lobed leaves known as I. purpurea var. diversifolia by some sources, although modem taxonomists consider this variant to be undeserving of variety rank. RP ELMORE, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS MECHANIZAT RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1992 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1027 EP 1030 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KF986 UT WOS:A1992KF98600040 ER PT J AU URBANIK, TJ AF URBANIK, TJ TI EFFECT OF INPLANE SHEAR MODULUS OF ELASTICITY ON BUCKLING STRENGTH OF PAPERBOARD PLATES SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PLATES; ELASTIC STABILITY; BUCKLING; SHEAR MODULUS; PAPER AB In previous research, a thin-plate theory was derived for analyzing corrugated fiberboard under edgewise compression and subjected to localized buckling. In this note, buckling formulas for thin paperboard plates characterized by an approximate in-plane shear modulus of elasticity are further generalized to allow for arbitrary levels of shear modulus. The results have applications in the design of paper products made of composite plates. RP URBANIK, TJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 24 IS 4 BP 381 EP 384 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA JX271 UT WOS:A1992JX27100002 ER PT J AU TRINKA, MW SINCLAIR, SA MARCIN, TC AF TRINKA, MW SINCLAIR, SA MARCIN, TC TI DETERMINANT ATTRIBUTE ANALYSIS - A TOOL FOR NEW WOOD PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ATTRIBUTE ANALYSIS; NEW PRODUCTS; SPACEBOARD; FURNITURE SUBSTRATE MATERIALS ID SUCCESS; MARKETS AB Determinant attribute analysis was employed to identify the physical product characteristics most crucial in the purchase decision process for office furniture substrate materials. Fastener withdrawal strength, surface smoothness, flatness, stiffness (MOE), and edgebanding capability had the most effect on selection decisions. These results were then viewed in terms of the development of a new substrate product and the opportunities that could arise from achieving a superior competitive advantage based on those characteristics. The importance of recognizing customer needs in the new product development process is central to the analysis, and the potential of determinant attribute analysis as a powerful tool for this process is demonstrated. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 24 IS 4 BP 385 EP 391 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA JX271 UT WOS:A1992JX27100003 ER PT J AU HON, DNS FEIST, WC AF HON, DNS FEIST, WC TI HYDROPEROXIDATION IN PHOTOIRRADIATED WOOD SURFACES SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; DISCOLORATION; HYDROPEROXIDE; SOUTHERN YELLOW PINE; RED OAK; RADICALS; CELLULOSE; HEMICELLULOSES; LIGNIN AB Wood surfaces are susceptible to photooxidation to produce hydroperoxide. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (DRIFT) was used to detect hydroperoxide without any sample preparation or damaging the oxidized surfaces. The appearance of a doublet absorption peak at 3,550 cm-1, due to the hydroperoxide, was detected from the tangential section of a southern yellow pine, irradiated with lights of lambda > 223 and lambda > 300 nm. More hydroperoxide was detected from the specimens irradiated with the latter light source. Competitive reactions between hydroperoxide formation and decay revealed that at the initial 90 days of irradiation with light of lambda > 300 nm, the rate of formation exceeded the rate of degradation. When the wood was irradiated with light of lambda > 223 nm, most of the hydroperoxide was generated and converted simultaneously into carbonyl groups. This chemical conversion was also observed from the specimen irradiated above 65 C. ESR was used to monitor the formation and decay of the hydroperoxide radical. The kinetics of hydroperoxidation and mechanisms of hydroperoxide formation are discussed. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP HON, DNS (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,WOOD CHEM LAB,CLEMSON,SC 29634, USA. NR 15 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 24 IS 4 BP 448 EP 455 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA JX271 UT WOS:A1992JX27100010 ER PT J AU QUICKE, DLJ TUNSTEAD, J FALCO, JV MARSH, PM AF QUICKE, DLJ TUNSTEAD, J FALCO, JV MARSH, PM TI VENOM GLAND AND RESERVOIR MORPHOLOGY IN THE DORYCTINAE AND RELATED BRACONID WASPS (INSECTA, HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) SO ZOOLOGICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID APPARATUS AB Detailed venom reservoir and venom gland intima morphology has been investigated in representatives of 84 genera and 10 subfamilies of Braconidae with particular reference to the Doryctinae, basal cyclostomes and related groups including the Opiinae, Alysiinae and Rogadinae sens. lat. Several new phylogenetically significant characters are described and illustrated. Extensive secretory ductules on the primary venom duct is suggested as a synapomorphy for the subfamilies Braconinae, Doryctinae, Opiinae, Alysiinae and Gnamptodontinae. The presence of two separate venom gland insertions and their position beyond the spiral sculpture of the reservoir are suggested as synapomorphies for the subfamilies Doryctinae and Ypsistocerinae. An anterior, weakly sclerotized, probably glandular, expansion of the reservoir characterizes the Histeromerinae and Rhyssalinae and also the enigmatic genera Thoracoplites Fischer and Doryctomorpha Ashmead which are here transferred to the Rhyssalinae. Within the Doryctinae, venom reservoir morphology suggests three generic groups, one comprising the genera of the Odontobraconini and possibly also the genera Acanthodoryctes, Binarea and Monarea, all of which have an essentially undivided reservoir with extremely fine and uniform spiral sculpture, the second comprising the genera Doryctophasmus, Euscelinus, Gildoria, Halycea and Schlettereriella, which share horn-like processes at the base of the venom duct insertions, and a third including Acrophasmus, Dendrosoter, Heterospilus, Megaloproctus, Rutheia, Paraspathius, Schlettereriella, Spathius and Syngaster based on the presence of two markedly different densities of annulation of the reservoir. The degree to which external and other characters support these groups is discussed. C1 UNIV VALENCIA,DEPT BIOL ANIM,E-46100 BURJASSOT,SPAIN. USDA,US NATL MUSEUM NAT HISTORY,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP QUICKE, DLJ (reprint author), UNIV SHEFFIELD,DEPT ANIM & PLANT SCI,POB 601,ALFRED DENNY BLDG,WESTERN BANK,SHEFFIELD S10 2UQ,ENGLAND. RI Quicke, Donald/I-5948-2012 NR 25 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-3256 J9 ZOOL SCR JI Zool. Scr. PD OCT PY 1992 VL 21 IS 4 BP 403 EP 416 DI 10.1111/j.1463-6409.1992.tb00340.x PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA KE241 UT WOS:A1992KE24100007 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, SN HAYEK, M COLEMAN, L AF MEYDANI, SN HAYEK, M COLEMAN, L TI INFLUENCE OF VITAMIN-E AND VITAMIN-B6 ON IMMUNE-RESPONSE SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ARACHIDONATE-INDUCED AGGREGATION; HEALTHY ELDERLY POPULATION; BLOOD LEUKOCYTES INVITRO; OXIDATIVE DNA DAMAGE; ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE; LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; E SUPPLEMENTATION; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; INTERLEUKIN-2 PRODUCTION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION RP MEYDANI, SN (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, NUTR IMMUNOL LAB, 711 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PD SEP 30 PY 1992 VL 669 BP 125 EP 140 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KA435 UT WOS:A1992KA43500011 ER PT J AU MASON, JB MILLER, JW AF MASON, JB MILLER, JW TI THE EFFECTS OF VITAMIN-B12, VITAMIN-B6, AND FOLATE ON BLOOD HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OCCLUSIVE ARTERIAL-DISEASE; BETA-SYNTHASE DEFICIENCY; POSSIBLE RISK FACTOR; FOLIC-ACID; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; METHIONINE METABOLISM; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; RATS DEFICIENT C1 TUFTS UNIV, SCH MED, DIV CLIN NUTR, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. TUFTS UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT GASTROENTEROL, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. RP MASON, JB (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, VITAMIN BIOAVAILABIL LAB, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PD SEP 30 PY 1992 VL 669 BP 197 EP 204 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KA435 UT WOS:A1992KA43500017 ER PT J AU JACQUES, PF AF JACQUES, PF TI RELATIONSHIP OF VITAMIN-C STATUS TO CHOLESTEROL AND BLOOD-PRESSURE SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN-CHOLESTEROL; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; PEPTIDES ALPHA-MSH; ASCORBIC-ACID; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; HDL-CHOLESTEROL RP JACQUES, PF (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, 711 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PD SEP 30 PY 1992 VL 669 BP 205 EP 214 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KA435 UT WOS:A1992KA43500018 ER PT J AU BEECHER, GR KHACHIK, F AF BEECHER, GR KHACHIK, F TI QUALITATIVE RELATIONSHIP OF DIETARY AND PLASMA CAROTENOIDS IN HUMAN-BEINGS SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article RP BEECHER, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RI Khachik, Frederick/C-5055-2009 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PD SEP 30 PY 1992 VL 669 BP 320 EP 321 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KA435 UT WOS:A1992KA43500030 ER PT J AU BERLIN, E BHATHENA, SJ JUDD, JT NAIR, PP PETERS, RC BHAGAVAN, HN BALLARDBARBASH, R TAYLOR, PR AF BERLIN, E BHATHENA, SJ JUDD, JT NAIR, PP PETERS, RC BHAGAVAN, HN BALLARDBARBASH, R TAYLOR, PR TI OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION STIMULATES ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL INCORPORATION IN ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANES IN ADULT MEN SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-E; LIVER; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; HEART; OIL C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC, DEPT CLIN NUTR, NUTLEY, NJ 07110 USA. US DEPT HHS, NCI, DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL, CANC PREVENT STUDIES BRANCH, BETHESDA, MD 20014 USA. RP BERLIN, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BLDG 308, RM 109,BARC E, 10300 BALTIMORE AVE, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PD SEP 30 PY 1992 VL 669 BP 322 EP 324 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KA435 UT WOS:A1992KA43500031 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, M EVANS, W HANDELMAN, G FIELDING, RA MEYDANI, SN FIATARONE, MA BLUMBERG, JB CANNON, JG AF MEYDANI, M EVANS, W HANDELMAN, G FIELDING, RA MEYDANI, SN FIATARONE, MA BLUMBERG, JB CANNON, JG TI ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSE TO EXERCISE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND PROTECTION BY VITAMIN-E SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article RP MEYDANI, M (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PD SEP 30 PY 1992 VL 669 BP 363 EP 364 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KA435 UT WOS:A1992KA43500041 ER PT J AU ALBAUGH, GP IYENGAR, V LOHANI, A MALAYERI, M BALA, S NAIR, PP AF ALBAUGH, GP IYENGAR, V LOHANI, A MALAYERI, M BALA, S NAIR, PP TI ISOLATION OF EXFOLIATED COLONIC EPITHELIAL-CELLS, A NOVEL, NONINVASIVE APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF CELLULAR MARKERS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PERCOLL; GRADIENTS AB Human stool is a heterogeneous mixture of non-digestible food residues, bacteria, cells exfoliated from the gastrointestinal mucosa and other secretory products. We have demonstrated that fresh human stools dispersed in a buffered saline solution can be fractionated over Percoll/BSA gradients to yield 9 discrete bands of cells in the density range of rho 1.033 to 1.139 and which could be further purified over Histopaque 1077. Enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA) for colon-specific antigen (CSA) and cytokeratins (CK) were positive. Western blot analysis showed the presence of 3 cytokeratin bands in the 40-kDa to 60-kDa range suggestive of cytokeratins 8, 18, and 19. Fluorescence flow-cytometric analysis of these cells using antibodies against CSA, CK, the blood-group antigens, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), non-mucus-secreting columnar-epithelium-specific MAb PRIA3, and to mucus-secreting colonic-epithelium-specific MAb PRSD5 showed varying degrees of reactivity. Expression of the blood-group phenotype suggests that cells from the proximal half of the colon had survived the transit, since in the adult the expression of this marker is limited to cells from the proximal region of the colon. In this report we demonstrate the feasibility of studying, non-invasively, cell-specific markers on exfoliated cells isolated from stools. The evidence strongly suggests that almost all the cells are of colonic origin. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BLDG 308,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOCHEM,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,CTR HUMAN NUTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 25 TC 89 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD SEP 30 PY 1992 VL 52 IS 3 BP 347 EP 350 DI 10.1002/ijc.2910520303 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA JQ496 UT WOS:A1992JQ49600002 PM 1383164 ER PT J AU ZHANG, L MCSPADDEN, B PAKRASI, HB WHITMARSH, J AF ZHANG, L MCSPADDEN, B PAKRASI, HB WHITMARSH, J TI COPPER-MEDIATED REGULATION OF CYTOCHROME-C553 AND PLASTOCYANIN IN THE CYANOBACTERIUM SYNECHOCYSTIS-6803 SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYSTEM-II; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; TARGETED MUTAGENESIS; RECIPROCAL FORMATION; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; SP PCC-6803; GENE; CLONING; ALGAE; METALLOTHIONEIN AB In certain cyanobacteria and algae, cytochrome C553 or plastocyanin can serve to carry electrons from the cytochrome bf complex to photosystem I. The availability of copper in the growth medium regulates which protein is present. To investigate copper induced control of gene expression we isolated these proteins from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803. Using immunodetection and optical spectroscopy, the steady state levels of cytochrome c553 and plastocyanin were measured in cells grown at different copper concentrations. The results show that in cells grown in 20-30 nm copper, cytochrome c553 was present, whereas plastocyanin was not detected. The opposite behavior was observed in cells grown in the presence of 1 muM copper; plastocyanin was present, whereas cytochrome c553 could not be detected. Both proteins were present in cells grown in 0.3 muM copper. Northern analysis of total RNA, probed with a gene fragment for cytochrome c553 or the plastocyanin gene, showed that cells grown in the presence of 20-30 nm copper have message for cytochrome c553, but not for plastocyanin, whereas cells grown in 1 muM copper have message for plastocyanin, but not for cytochrome C553. These results demonstrate that copper regulates expression of both of the genes encoding cytochrome c553 and plastocyanin prior to translation in Synechocystis 6803. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,CHICAGO,IL 60680. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,CHICAGO,IL 60680. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. RI McSpadden Gardener, Brian/C-9844-2009 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 41841] NR 37 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 25 PY 1992 VL 267 IS 27 BP 19054 EP 19059 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA JP593 UT WOS:A1992JP59300009 PM 1326543 ER PT J AU WOLF, WJ AF WOLF, WJ TI PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES OF SOYBEAN PROTEINS - A CITATION-CLASSIC COMMENTARY ON SOYBEAN PROTEINS - THEIR FUNCTIONAL, CHEMICAL, AND PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES BY WOLF,W.J. SO CURRENT CONTENTS/AGRICULTURE BIOLOGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article RP WOLF, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST SCI INFORM INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3501 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 SN 0090-0508 J9 CC/AGR BIOL ENVIRON PD SEP 21 PY 1992 IS 38 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA JL315 UT WOS:A1992JL31500001 ER PT J AU YOUNG, VR MUNRO, HN AF YOUNG, VR MUNRO, HN TI INDEX OF MUSCLE PROTEIN-DEGRADATION - A CITATION-CLASSIC COMMENTARY ON N-TAU-METHYLHISTIDINE (3-METHYL HISTIDINE) AND MUSCLE PROTEIN-TURNOVER - AN OVERVIEW BY YOUNG,V.R. AND MUNRO,H.N. SO CURRENT CONTENTS/LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID URINARY-EXCRETION; 3-METHYLHISTIDINE C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP YOUNG, VR (reprint author), MIT,HUMAN NUTR LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02142, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST SCI INFORM INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3501 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 SN 0011-3409 J9 CC/LIFE SCI PD SEP 21 PY 1992 IS 38 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA JL322 UT WOS:A1992JL32200002 ER PT J AU PRICE, JC AF PRICE, JC TI VARIABILITY OF HIGH-RESOLUTION CROP REFLECTANCE SPECTRA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION-CONTENT; GROWTH AB High-spectral-resolution reflectance spectra from ground and helicopter measurements of agricultural crops and soils were analyzed to determine spectral variability in the visible and near-infrared (0.4-2.38 mum), using a procedure previously applied to thermal infrared emittance spectra of the atmosphere and to reflectance spectra of soil samples. Five spectral basis functions were sufficient to describe separately the ground and helicopter data, six or, at most, seven are sufficient to describe the pooled data. Thus, five to seven relatively broad band measurements, together with basis functions developed in this analysis, are sufficient to describe the variability of both data sets, to within differences that are probably associated with the measurement process and instrument noise. RP PRICE, JC (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD SEP 20 PY 1992 VL 13 IS 14 BP 2593 EP 2610 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA JT227 UT WOS:A1992JT22700007 ER PT J AU KAUFMAN, YJ SETZER, A WARD, D TANRE, D HOLBEN, BN MENZEL, P PEREIRA, MC RASMUSSEN, R AF KAUFMAN, YJ SETZER, A WARD, D TANRE, D HOLBEN, BN MENZEL, P PEREIRA, MC RASMUSSEN, R TI BIOMASS BURNING AIRBORNE AND SPACEBORNE EXPERIMENT IN THE AMAZONAS (BASE-A) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SCALE AIR-POLLUTION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; EMISSIONS; AEROSOLS; TROPICS; BRAZIL; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE; CARBON AB In the Biomass Burning Airborne and Spaceborne Experiment in the Amazonas (BASE-A). conducted in September 1989, trace gas and particulate matter emissions were measured from biomass burning due to deforestation and grassland fires in South America. This information is required for a better understanding of the environmental impacts of biomass burning in the tropics and to improve algorithms for remote sensing of biomass burning from satellite platforms. The field experiment utilized the twin-engine Embraer Bandeirante EMB-101 instrumented aircraft of the Brazilian Institute for Space Research (INPE). Concentrations of ozone, CO2, CO, CH4, and particulate matter were measured from the aircraft. Fires were observed from satellite imagery, and the smoke optical thickness, particle size, and profiles of the extinction coefficient were measured using sunphotometers in the aircraft and from the ground. Four smoke plumes were sampled, three vertical profiles were measured, and extensive ground measurements were conducted of smoke optical characteristics for different smoke types. The collected data were analyzed for determining the emission ratios and combustion efficiency (the efficiency of a fire to convert the total burned carbon to carbon dioxide) and were compared with the results from fires in North America. Combustion efficiency was found to be higher in the tropics (97% for the cerrado and 90% for the deforestation fires) with emission factors similar to those of North American fires, for a given combustion efficiency. A strong relation was found between the spatial distribution of fires (up to 9000 per day in one state) and ozone concentration (up to 80 ppbv) and between biomass burning and concentrations of trace gases, particulate matter, and ozone. These relations strongly suggest a correlation between biomass burning in the tropics and ozone formation. An optical model of the smoke aerosol was derived and applied to radiance measurements. The smoke single scattering albedo was computed from the graphitic carbon concentration (assuming external mode mixture) as 0.90 +/- 0.01. The particles effective radii were 0.1 to 0.2 mum except for 1-day aged smoke with values up to 0.4 mum. Radiance measurements indicate that the width of the particle size distribution may be smaller in the tropics than for North American fires. The measured optical properties of smoke and the high correlation between emitted trace gases and particles form a basis for remote sensing of radiatively important trace gases and particulate matter from biomass burning using AVHRR imagery. C1 INST PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS,SAO JOSE CAMPOS,SP,BRAZIL. NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SATELLITE APPL LAB,MADISON,WI. US FOREST SERV,FIRE CHEM,MISSOULA,MT. OREGON GRAD INST SCI & TECHNOL,BEAVERTON,OR. RP KAUFMAN, YJ (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ATMOSPHERES LAB,MAIL CODE 923,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201 NR 79 TC 147 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D13 BP 14581 EP 14599 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JP896 UT WOS:A1992JP89600016 ER PT J AU WARD, DE SUSOTT, RA KAUFFMAN, JB BABBITT, RE CUMMINGS, DL DIAS, B HOLBEN, BN KAUFMAN, YJ RASMUSSEN, RA SETZER, AW AF WARD, DE SUSOTT, RA KAUFFMAN, JB BABBITT, RE CUMMINGS, DL DIAS, B HOLBEN, BN KAUFMAN, YJ RASMUSSEN, RA SETZER, AW TI SMOKE AND FIRE CHARACTERISTICS FOR CERRADO AND DEFORESTATION BURNS IN BRAZIL - BASE-B EXPERIMENT SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS; EMISSIONS; HYDROCARBON; CHEMISTRY; AMAZONIA; TROPICS; CLIMATE; IMPACT; CYCLES; TRENDS AB Fires of the tropical forests and savannas are a major source of particulate matter and trace gases affecting the atmosphere globally. A paucity of quantitative information exists for these ecosystems with respect to fuel biomass, smoke emissions, and fire behavior conditions affecting the release of emissions. Five test fires were performed during August and September 1990 in the cerrado (savannalike region) in central Brazil (three fires) and tropical moist forest (two fires) in the eastern Amazon. This paper details the gases released, the ratios of the gases to each other and to particulate matter, fuel loads and the fraction consumed (combustion factors), and the fire behavior associated with biomass consumption. Models are presented for evaluating emission factors for CH4, CO2, CO, H-2, and particles less than 2.5 mum diameter (PM2.5) as a function of combustion efficiency. The ratio of carbon released as CO2 (combustion efficiency) for the cerrado fires averaged 0.94 and for the deforestation fires it decreased from 0.88 for the flaming phase to <0.80 during the smoldering phase of combustion. For tropical ecosystems, emissions of most products of incomplete combustion are projected to be lower than previous estimates for savanna ecosystems and somewhat higher for fires used for deforestation purposes. C1 INST NACL PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS,SAO JOSE CAMPOS,SP,BRAZIL. OREGON GRAD INST SCI & TECHNOL,BEAVTON,OR. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGELAND RESOURCES,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. INST BRASILEIRO GEORG & ESTATIST,RESERVA ECOL,BRASILIA,DF,BRAZIL. RP WARD, DE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,POB 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 59 TC 191 Z9 195 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1992 VL 97 IS D13 BP 14601 EP 14619 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JP896 UT WOS:A1992JP89600017 ER PT J AU KHACHIK, F BEECHER, GR GOLI, MB LUSBY, WR SMITH, JC AF KHACHIK, F BEECHER, GR GOLI, MB LUSBY, WR SMITH, JC TI SEPARATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CAROTENOIDS AND THEIR OXIDATION-PRODUCTS IN THE EXTRACTS OF HUMAN PLASMA SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FATTY-ACID ESTERS; TECHNICAL PROCEDURES; BETA-CAROTENE; INTERNAL STANDARD; SQUASH PRODUCTS; EGG-YOLK; QUANTIFICATION; 6-OXO-ISOPHORONE; SERUM AB Eighteen carotenoids as well as vitamin A and two forms of vitamin E (gamma- and alpha-tocopherol) have been separated from extracts of human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on reversed-phase and silica-based nitrile-bonded columns. In the order of chromatographic elution on a C18 reversed-phase column, the carotenoids were identified as (3R,3'R,6'R)-beta,epsilon-carotene-3,3'-diol [(3R,3'R,6'-lutein], (3R,3'R)-beta,beta-carotene-3,3'-diol [(3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin], 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydro-psi,psi-carotene, 3-hydroxy-2",3'-didehydro-beta,epsilon-carotene,beta,epsilon-caroten-3-ol, 3-hydroxy-beta-carotene, psi,psi-carotene, 7,8-dihydro-psi,psi-carotene, beta,psi-carotene, 7,8,7',8'-tetrahydro-psi,psi-carotene, beta,epsilon-carotene, beta,beta-carotene, 7,8,11,12,7',8'-hexahydro-psi,psi-carotene and 7,8,11,12,7',8',11',12'octahydro-psi,psi-carotene. The polar carotenoids which eluted in the vicinity of lutein and were unresolved on the C18 column, have been separated on a nitrile-bonded column employing isocratic HPLC conditions. In the order of elution, the carotenoids were epsilon,epsilon-carotene-3,3'-dione, 3'-hydroxy-epsilon,epsilon-caroten-3-one, 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydro-psi,psi-carotene, 3-hydroxy-beta,epsilon-caroten-3'-one, (all-E,3R,3'R,6'R)-lutein, (all-E,3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin, and (all-E,3R,3'S,6'R)-beta,epsilon-carotene-3,3'-diol (3'-epilutein) followed by several geometrical isomers of lutein and zeaxanthin. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CATHOLIC UNIV AMER,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20064. RP KHACHIK, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BLDG 161,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Khachik, Frederick/C-5055-2009 NR 48 TC 209 Z9 217 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 64 IS 18 BP 2111 EP 2122 DI 10.1021/ac00042a016 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA JN432 UT WOS:A1992JN43200016 PM 1416048 ER PT J AU LORIO, WJ PERSCHBACHER, PW JOHNSEN, PB AF LORIO, WJ PERSCHBACHER, PW JOHNSEN, PB TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WATER-QUALITY, PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY AND OFF-FLAVORS IN CHANNEL CATFISH (ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS) PRODUCTION PONDS SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; MUDDY ODOR; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; GEOSMIN; CULTURES; MANITOBA AB Off-flavor in the flesh of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and in the pond water was studied under two recirculation regimens in twelve 0.04-ha ponds stocked with 15 000 fingerling channel catfish/ha. Water was recirculated through a biological filler by centrifugal pumping for 24 h in six ponds and for 12 h in the other six ponds. In each pond, food quality, phytoplankton populations, and geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) concentrations were evaluated weekly during the last 8 weeks of the growing season (mid September to early November). Food quality was determined from average taste panel scores for earthy-musty flavors. Objectionable off-flavor was detected by the trained panel in 13.5% of the 96 sample units (ponds X weeks). Levels of geosmin and MIB in the water ranged from 0.000 to 0.097 mug/l for geosmin (excepting one measurement of 0.649 mug/1), and 0.039 to 0.356 mug/l for MIB. Off-flavor scores and concentrations of geosmin and MIB in the water did not significantly differ between the two pond recirculation treatments. Objectionable off-flavor scores (> 1.0) were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with the prior week's MIB values and degree of Oscillatoria domination. MIB levels and Oscillatoria dynamics leading to dominance conditions were indicative of off-flavor problems in subsequent weeks and may be used in a-predictive manner. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. USDA ARS,SCARL,NATL FISH HATCHERY,TISHOMINGO,OK. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 106 IS 3-4 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90260-R PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA JP597 UT WOS:A1992JP59700008 ER PT J AU CRAVO, ML MASON, JB DAYAL, Y HUTCHINSON, M SMITH, D SELHUB, J ROSENBERG, IH AF CRAVO, ML MASON, JB DAYAL, Y HUTCHINSON, M SMITH, D SELHUB, J ROSENBERG, IH TI FOLATE-DEFICIENCY ENHANCES THE DEVELOPMENT OF COLONIC NEOPLASIA IN DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE-TREATED RATS SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INFLAMMATORY BOWEL-DISEASE; FOLIC-ACID; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; DNA METHYLATION; GERMFREE RATS; CARCINOGENESIS; 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE; CANCER; DYSPLASIA; HYPOMETHYLATION AB In patients with ulcerative colitis, epidemiological work has suggested an association between low folate status and an increased risk of colonic neoplasia. The aim of the present study was to determine if experimental folate deficiency increases the likelihood of developing neoplasia in rats treated with the carcinogen dimethylhydrazine. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with an amino acid-defined diet containing either 8 or 0 mg/kg folic acid. After 5 weeks of defined diet, weekly s.c. injections of dimethylhydrazine (20 mg/kg) were administered to both groups. Serum, whole blood, liver, and colonic folate concentrations at the time of sacrifice were significantly lower in folate-depleted animals (P < 0.001). There were significant differences in the incidence of colonic neoplasia between the two groups after 20 weeks of dimethylhydrazine exposure: folate-deficient rats had a greater incidence of dysplasia (6 of 7 versus 2 of 7 animals; P < 0.05) and carcinoma (6 of 7 versus 1 of 7 animals; P < 0.01). Furthermore, a significantly greater proportion of folate-replete rats than folate-deficient rats were free of neoplastic lesions (5 of 7 versus 0 of 7 animals; P < 0.05). These results suggest that, in this animal model, folate deficiency increases the risk of malignancy when there is an underlying predisposition to colorectal cancer. C1 TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, VITAMIN BIOAVAILABIL LAB, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. NEW ENGLAND MED CTR, DEPT PATHOL, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. OI Cravo, Marilia/0000-0001-8309-4599 NR 44 TC 200 Z9 201 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 EI 1538-7445 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 52 IS 18 BP 5002 EP 5006 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA JN053 UT WOS:A1992JN05300024 PM 1516055 ER PT J AU BORGES, M ALDRICH, JR AF BORGES, M ALDRICH, JR TI INSTAR-SPECIFIC DEFENSIVE SECRETIONS OF STINK BUGS (HETEROPTERA, PENTATOMIDAE) SO EXPERIENTIA LA English DT Article DE ALLOMONE; SEMIOCHEMICAL; AGGREGATION; NEZARA; EUSCHISTUS; ACROSTERNUM; THYANTA; EDESSA; HEMIPTERA ID VIRIDULA L HEMIPTERA; PHEROMONE AB Defensive secretions (allomones) from first-instar nymphs of stink bugs in the subfamily Pentatominae contain (E)-4-oxo-2-decenal as a major constituent, whereas this compound is absent from later instars. In contrast, first instars of Edessa meditabunda (Edessinae) produce allomones like those of later instars. The C6 and C-8 (E)-4-oxo-2-alkenals are common, characteristic exocrine compounds of nymphal and adult Heteroptera, but (E)-4-oxo-2-decenal is previously unknown as a major natural product for which a biological role has yet to be established. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,AGR RES CTR E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BORGES, M (reprint author), EMBRAPA,CENARGEN,CTR NACL PESQUISA RECURSOS GENET & BIOTECNOL,CEP 70770,BRASILIA,DF,BRAZIL. RI Borges, Miguel/C-6937-2013 NR 20 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 14 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0014-4754 J9 EXPERIENTIA JI Experientia PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 48 IS 9 BP 893 EP 896 DI 10.1007/BF02118429 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JQ061 UT WOS:A1992JQ06100019 ER PT J AU CHALUTZ, E DROBY, S WILSON, CL WISNIEWSKI, ME AF CHALUTZ, E DROBY, S WILSON, CL WISNIEWSKI, ME TI UV-INDUCED RESISTANCE TO POSTHARVEST DISEASES OF CITRUS-FRUIT SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; STRESS METABOLITE; 6,7-DIMETHOXYCOUMARIN; ETHYLENE; PEEL; RADIATION C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES CTR,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP CHALUTZ, E (reprint author), AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 20 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 1011-1344 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO B JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. B-Biol. PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 15 IS 4 BP 367 EP 371 DI 10.1016/1011-1344(92)85143-I PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA JR299 UT WOS:A1992JR29900009 ER PT J AU GUSTAFSON, JP DILLE, JE AF GUSTAFSON, JP DILLE, JE TI CHROMOSOME LOCATION OF ORYZA-SATIVA RECOMBINATION LINKAGE GROUPS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SECALE-CEREALE L; RADIOACTIVE INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; COPY DNA-SEQUENCES; PLANT CHROMOSOMES; PROTEIN LOCI; BRONZE LOCUS; WHEAT; RYE; MAP AB In situ hybridization, a powerful tool for the molecular cytogeneticist, can be used to physically map repetitive, low-copy, and unique DNA sequences in plant chromosomes. With the availability of a recombination map in Oryza sativa L. and an improved in situ hybridization technique, this study was designed to establish the relationship between the genetic and physical distances of the rice restriction fragment length polymorphism map. Analysis indicated that considerable variation can exist between genetic and physical maps. A 183-centimorgan linkage map for chromosome 2 covered <50% of the chromosome and did not include the centromere, whereas a 91-centimorgan linkage map for chromosome 1 covered almost-equal-to 80% of the chromosome. The results indicated that there are potential "hot" and "cold" spots of recombination and polymorphisms in rice, which involve both genes and restriction fragment length polymorphisms. C1 WINTHROP UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ROCK HILL,SC 29733. UNIV MISSOURI,PLANT SCI UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP GUSTAFSON, JP (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 56 TC 59 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 15 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 18 BP 8646 EP 8650 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.18.8646 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JN503 UT WOS:A1992JN50300049 PM 1356266 ER PT J AU HUTCHENS, TW ALLEN, MH LI, CM YIP, TT AF HUTCHENS, TW ALLEN, MH LI, CM YIP, TT TI OCCUPANCY OF A C2-C2 TYPE ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN DOMAIN BY COPPER - DIRECT OBSERVATION BY ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE COPPER; ZINC; MASS SPECTROMETRY; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; METALLOPROTEIN; ZINC-FINGER PEPTIDE ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; BINDING DOMAINS; METAL-IONS AB The metal ion specificity of most 'zinc-finger' metal binding domains is unknown. The human estrogen receptor protein contains two different C2-C2 type 'zinc-finger' sequences within its DNA-binding domain (ERDBD). Copper inhibits the function of this protein by mechanisms which remain unclear. We have used electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to evaluate directly the 71-residue ERDBD (K180-M250) in the absence and presence of Cu(II) ions. The ERDBD showed a high affinity for Cu and was completely occupied with 4 Cu bound; each Cu ion was evidently bound to only two ligand residues (net loss of only 2 Da per bound Cu). The Cu binding stoichiometry was confirmed by atomic absorption. These results (i) provide the first direct physical evidence for the ability of the estrogen receptor DNA-binding domain to bind Cu and (ii) document a twofold difference in the Zn- and Cu-binding capacity. Differences in the ERDBD domain structure with bound Zn and Cu are predicted. Given the relative intracellular contents of Zn and Cu, our findings demonstrate the need to investigate further the Cu occupancy of this and other zinc-finger domains both in vitro and in vivo. RP HUTCHENS, TW (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,PROT STRUCT LAB,1100 BATES,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1R43 GM 44466-01] NR 27 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD SEP 7 PY 1992 VL 309 IS 2 BP 170 EP 174 DI 10.1016/0014-5793(92)81088-4 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA JL743 UT WOS:A1992JL74300015 PM 1505681 ER PT J AU TAO, HP ADALSTEINS, AE KASARDA, DD AF TAO, HP ADALSTEINS, AE KASARDA, DD TI INTERMOLECULAR DISULFIDE BONDS LINK SPECIFIC HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNITS IN WHEAT ENDOSPERM SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE DISULFIDE; ENDOPROTEINASE LYS-C; GLUTENIN; WHEAT ID HEXAPLOID BREAD WHEAT; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; STORAGE PROTEINS; GENES; NUCLEOTIDE; GENOME; MODEL AB A detergent wash extracted soluble proteins from wheat flour, leaving a residue enriched with insoluble glutenin aggregates. Digestion of this residue with endoproteinase Lys-C, which showed a limited specificity for glutenin subunits, produced several, peptides with apparent molecular weights close to those of intact high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits. N-terminal sequencing indicated that the isolated peptides were composed of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit fragments joined by an intermolecular disulfide bond. In two of these peptides, only two components were found, one from an x-type subunit and the other from a y-type subunit. The isolated peptides all contained at least one x-type C-terminal region and one y-type N-terminal region, suggesting a specific orientation to the intermolecular disulfide linkage. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN RES RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 34 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3002 J9 BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta PD SEP 4 PY 1992 VL 1159 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA JT013 UT WOS:A1992JT01300003 PM 1390908 ER PT J AU ROCKEN, M URBAN, JF SHEVACH, EM AF ROCKEN, M URBAN, JF SHEVACH, EM TI INFECTION BREAKS T-CELL TOLERANCE SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCAL ENTEROTOXIN-B; STIMULATORY FACTOR-I; TRANSGENIC MICE; CLONAL-DELETION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; SELF-TOLERANCE; RECEPTOR; ANERGY; INDUCTION; REACTIVITY AB CLONAL deletion or clonal anergy establish tolerance in T cells that bear potentially autoreactive antigen receptors1-15. Here we report that concomitant infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis breaks an established T-cell tolerance induced by injection of mice with Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB)16,17. CD4+ T cells from SEB-tolerant mice did not produce either interleukin-2 or interleukin-4 when challenged in vitro with SEB. N. brasiliensis infection of SEB-primed animals resulted in a normal expansion of SEB-tolerant CD4+V-beta-8+ T cells in vivo as well as an equivalent increase of SEB-reactive, interleukin-4-producing CD4+V-beta-8+ T cells both in SEB-tolerant and in normal animals. Thus, infection with N. brasiliensis circumvented the tolerance established with SEB. Activation of anergic, potentially autoreactive CD4+ T cells by infectious agents seems to be a major pathway for the initiation of autoimmune diseases15. Our results suggest that infectious agents may break tolerance in potentially autoreactive CD4+ T cells by activation of alternative reaction pathways. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ROCKEN, M (reprint author), NIAID,IMMUNOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 29 TC 142 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 2 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 3 PY 1992 VL 359 IS 6390 BP 79 EP 82 DI 10.1038/359079a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JL662 UT WOS:A1992JL66200059 PM 1355854 ER PT J AU DOWD, MK FRENCH, AD REILLY, PJ AF DOWD, MK FRENCH, AD REILLY, PJ TI CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS OF THE ANOMERIC FORMS OF SOPHOROSE, LAMINARABIOSE, AND CELLOBIOSE USING MM3 SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NATIVE RAMIE CELLULOSE; TRIMETHYLSILYL DISACCHARIDES; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROGRAM MM2; MALTOSE; ALDOHEXOPYRANOSES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SACCHARIDES AB Relaxed-residue energy maps based on the MM3 force-field were computed for relative orientations of the pyranosyl rings of sophorose, laminarabiose. and cellobiose, respectively the (1 --> 2)-beta-; (1 --> 3)-beta-; and (1 --> 4)-beta-linked D-glucosyl disaccharides. Sixteen starting conformations of the rotatable exocyclic side-groups were considered for each molecule. All of the energy surfaces have two intersecting low-energy troughs and illustrate the importance of exo-anomeric effects in determining disaccharide conformation. Local minima were found by relaxed minimization without restriction. The energy surfaces of these disaccharides are very similar to the energy surfaces of their corresponding 6-methyl-tetrahydropyran analogues. There is good agreement between disaccharide structures having minimal MM3 energy and those found by crystallography. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT CHEM ENGN, AMES, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 33 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD SEP 2 PY 1992 VL 233 BP 15 EP 34 DI 10.1016/S0008-6215(00)90917-0 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA JP243 UT WOS:A1992JP24300002 PM 1446305 ER PT J AU SHARRATT, BS CAMPBELL, GS GLENN, DM AF SHARRATT, BS CAMPBELL, GS GLENN, DM TI SOIL HEAT-FLUX ESTIMATION BASED ON THE FINITE-DIFFERENCE FORM OF THE TRANSIENT HEAT-FLOW EQUATION SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; SURFACE AB Soil heat flux (G) often aids in interpreting the response of plants to the growing environment, but methods of estimating G are needed that require limited soil temperature and physical property information. This study describes a method for estimating G by implicitly solving the finite-difference form of the transient heat flow equation for the apparent daily thermal conductivity. The derived apparent thermal conductivity and measured soil temperature gradient are applied to Fourier's law for estimating G. This method requires the measurement of soil bulk density and daily water content (for volumetric heat capacity) and hourly temperatures at three depths. Hourly G measured by heat flux plates buried at depths of 0.05 m in apple and peach orchards and 0.03 m in a barley stubble field were compared with G estimated using the harmonic method and our proposed finite-difference method. The finite-difference method performed better, as indicated by a smaller root-mean-square error (r.m.s.e.), than the harmonic method for 71 of the 83 daily data sets used in this study. The average r.m.s.e. in estimating hourly G for the 83 data sets was 10.9 W M - 2 for the finite-difference method and 16.3 W m-2 for the harmonic method. Daily net warming or cooling of the soil was correctly estimated for 95% of the data sets using the finite-difference method. The harmonic method, however, results in no net warming or cooling of the soil when deviations are not accounted for in the periodicity. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP SHARRATT, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBARCTIC AGR RES UNIT,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 61 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 111 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(92)90027-2 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JQ933 UT WOS:A1992JQ93300007 ER PT J AU CULLINEY, TW PIMENTEL, D PIMENTEL, MH AF CULLINEY, TW PIMENTEL, D PIMENTEL, MH TI PESTICIDES AND NATURAL TOXICANTS IN FOODS SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID DATA-COLLECTION-SYSTEM; DOSE-RESPONSE; DIBROMOCHLOROPROPANE DBCP; DRINKING-WATER; RISK-FACTORS; CANCER; EXPOSURE; DIET; REPRODUCTION; CARCINOGENS AB Foods, in addition to supplying the nutrients, vitamins, and minerals necessary to sustain life, may also contain a variety of naturally-occurring toxins in varying quantities. While some of these can present a health risk to the consuming public, usually when certain food items are not prepared properly, research has identified a beneficial role for some in helping to prevent illness. A more important risk derives from the synthetic compounds, such as pesticides, that may contaminate foods. Recent debate among scientists and government policy makers, reported widely in both the scholarly and popular press, has sought to clarify the relative public health risks presented by natural toxins versus pesticidal residues present in foods. An attempt is made here to put this debate in proper perspective. Information is given on the role played by naturally-occurring food components in promoting human health, followed by a survey of the diversity of natural toxins present in many common foods and their potential hazards. Risks associated with human exposure to pesticides are discussed, with particular reference to direct poisonings and fatalities, potential induction of cancers, and effects on reproduction and the immune and nervous systems. Natural toxins in foods do pose certain finite, irreducible risks for consumers. These risks are generally small and uncommon. Public policy efforts should be directed towards reducing any unnecessary overburden of pesticidal residues in the human diet. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,CTR BIOL CONTROL,HAMDEN,CT 06514. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,ECOL & SYSTEMAT SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,COLL HUMAN ECOL,DIV NUTR SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 86 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 41 IS 3-4 BP 297 EP 320 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(92)90117-T PG 24 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JM900 UT WOS:A1992JM90000006 ER PT J AU MEYER, JR ZEHR, EI MEAGHER, RL SALVO, SK AF MEYER, JR ZEHR, EI MEAGHER, RL SALVO, SK TI SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF PEACH-TREES AND PEST POPULATIONS IN ORCHARD PLOTS MANAGED WITH EXPERIMENTAL GROUND COVERS SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID CRICONEMELLA-XENOPLAX; RING NEMATODE; SYSTEMS; HOSTS; SOIL AB Field experiments conducted in North and South Carolina (USA) demonstrated that survival and growth of peach trees (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) as well as the severity of orchard pest populations (arthropods and nematodes) are profoundly affected by the plant species selected for orchard ground cover. Cover crops of brome (Bromus mollis L.), hard fescue (Festuca longifolia Thuill.) and rattail fescue ( Vulpia myuros (L.) C. Gmelin) caused high mortality in young peach trees. Bahia-grass (Paspalum notatum var. sauri Parodi) stunted tree growth, and Korean lespedeza (Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim.) supported unacceptably large populations of arthropod pests. Nimblewill (Muhlenbergia schreberi J.F. Gmelin) emerged from these experiments as the most promising candidate for ground cover in commercial peach orchards. This short-statured perennial grass tolerated drought, grew well in partial shade, did not harbor two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) or catfacing insects (Hemiptera), inhibited populations of ring nematodes (Criconemella xenoplax (Raski) Luc and Raski), and survived winter weather with little injury. Nimblewill successfully crowded out most weed species, but it did not appear to be highly competitive with peach trees for water and nutrients even when growing directly under the tree canopy. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & PHYSIOL,CLEMSON,SC 29634. USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27609. RP MEYER, JR (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,CAMPUS BOX 7626,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 41 IS 3-4 BP 353 EP 363 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(92)90121-Q PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JM900 UT WOS:A1992JM90000010 ER PT J AU TOWNSEND, CE AF TOWNSEND, CE TI SEEDLING EMERGENCE OF YELLOW-FLOWERED ALFALFA AS INFLUENCED BY SEED WEIGHT AND PLANTING DEPTH SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Yellow-flowered alfalfa [Medicago sativa L. subsp. falcata (L.) Arcangeli] is well-adapted to rangeland sites in the central and northern Great Plains, but its early seedlings vigor is poor compared to that of purple-flowered alfalfa (M. sativa L. subsp. sativa). The objectives of this study were to (i) develop germplasms with a high percentage of falcata traits and (ii) determine the effect of seed weight and depth of planting on seedling emergence. Germplasm with 18 seed-weight classes (1.0 to 2.1 g/1000 seeds) was developed and evaluated for seedling emergence from a 1.9-cm depth of planting in a Nunn clay loam soil (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Aridic Argiustolls) on two dates of planting at Fort Collins, CO, in 1986. Seed weight was significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) correlated with seedling emergence at both the first (r = 0.69) and second (r = 0.79) dates of planting. The 18 classes were consolidated into six classes whose mean seed weights were 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0 g/1000 seeds. The six classes were evaluated for seedling emergence from 1.3-, 2.5-, and 3.8-cm depths of planting at Fort Collins, from 1987 through 1990. The six seed-weight classes and three depths of planting differed significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05 or less-than-or-equal-to 0.01) for seedling emergence at each of six planting dates. In general, the heavier seed-weight classes had the highest seedling emergence over all depths of planting and, as expected, seedling emergence decreased with increased depth of planting. Seedling emergence of yellow-flowered alfalfa can be increased by selecting for high seed weight. RP TOWNSEND, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 84 IS 5 BP 821 EP 826 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JT158 UT WOS:A1992JT15800012 ER PT J AU ADAMSEN, FJ AF ADAMSEN, FJ TI IRRIGATION METHOD AND WATER-QUALITY EFFECTS ON CORN YIELD IN THE MID-ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; SOIL AB Deep well sodic sources of irrigation water are often more readily available than high quality shallow or surface sources for corn (Zea mays L.) grown in the U.S. Southeast. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of irrigation water quality and irrigation method on corn production in the Virginia-North Carolina coastal plain. Pioneer 3320 corn was grown in rotation with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on a Kenansville loamy sand (loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Hapludult) in Suffolk, VA, in 1984, 1985, 1986, and 1988. Corn was irrigated with either overhead sprinklers or trickle lines buried 0.35 to 0.41 m below each row with sodic deep well (142 m) and non-sodic shallow (10 m) water. Sodic water had 220 mg Na L-1, a pH of 8.5, and a sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of 103. Non-sodic water had 4.8 mg Na L-1, a pH of 4.8, and an SAR of 3.1. Corn yields averaged 9970 kg ha-1 with irrigation and 7650 kg ha-1 without. Irrigation method and water quality did not affect yields of irrigated corn. Soil pH increased during the study but appeared to stabilize between 6 and 7 in the surface soil. No evidence of an increase in subsoil acidity was detected. Winter rainfall and gypsum applied to the rotational peanut crop appear to be adequate to prevent the soil exchange from being dominated by Na. The results indicate that sodic water can be used to irrigate corn in the mid-Atlantic coastal plain and that trickle irrigation can reduce water input for corn by 30% or more. RP ADAMSEN, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 7099,SUFFOLK,VA 23437, USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 84 IS 5 BP 837 EP 843 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JT158 UT WOS:A1992JT15800015 ER PT J AU AYISI, KK PUTNAM, DH VANCE, CP GRAHAM, PH AF AYISI, KK PUTNAM, DH VANCE, CP GRAHAM, PH TI BRADYRHIZOBIUM INOCULATION AND NITROGEN-FERTILIZER EFFECTS ON SEED YIELD AND PROTEIN OF WHITE LUPIN SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DINITROGEN FIXATION; ANGUSTIFOLIUS; COMPONENTS AB Variation in seed yield and protein levels of sweet white lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. Ultra) in the North Central USA bas limited production of the crop in this region. Poor N nutrition from biological or exogenous sources may be one of the causes of this variation. Studies were conducted under irrigation in 1988, 1989, and 1990 at Becker, MN, on a Hubbard loamy sand (sandy mixed udorthentic haploborolls) to examine the impact of Bradyrhizobium inoculation and N fertilizer on lupin seed yield, protei concentration, and yield components. Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupinus) strains (WU425 and 96B15) were compared separately with non-inoculated lupin controls in 1988 and then in combination in a 1:1 cell ratio in 1989 and 1990 at four concentrations of N fertilizer (0, 56, 112, 168 kg N ha-1). There were no significant differences in seed yield or protein between the two strains in 1988 but there was a trend for higher yield with WU425. Seed yield of inoculated plots was increased by an average of 51% in 1988 and two to five fold in 1989 and 1990, respectively, compared with non-inoculated controls. Yield increases were due to changes in pod number or seed weight, depending upon the year of evaluation. Inoculation resulted in seed protein increases 28 to 45% greater than non-inoculated controls at zero N. Symbiotic N2-fixation by the difference method contributed 63 to 85% of seed N but these amounts decreased with addition of N fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer did not significantly increase seed yield, protein content, or protein yield of inoculated plants and seed yield of inoculated plants at zero N was always greater than that of well fertilized non-inoculated plants. These results indicate the importance of Bradyrhizobium symbiosis in white lupin for both maximum seed yield and seed protein. Addition of N fertilizer to effectively nodulated lupin offered no advantage for either seed yield or protein. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,411 BORLAUG HALL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 84 IS 5 BP 857 EP 861 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JT158 UT WOS:A1992JT15800018 ER PT J AU SHIPLEY, PR MEISINGER, JJ DECKER, AM AF SHIPLEY, PR MEISINGER, JJ DECKER, AM TI CONSERVING RESIDUAL CORN FERTILIZER NITROGEN WITH WINTER COVER CROPS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE CORN; LYSIMETERS; NITRATE; CLOVER AB Autumn residual fertilizer nitrogen (FN) can be easily leached into groundwater in humid climates. Winter cover crops were evaluated for their ability to assimilate residual corn FN and thereby reduce N losses. Labelled FN (N-15 depleted) was applied to corn in Maryland in 1986 and 1987 at rates of 0, 168, and 336 kg FN ha-1 on a Mattapex silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, typic Hapludult). Cover crop treatments following corn harvest were hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), or annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and a weed/fallow control of chickweed (Stellaria media L.). The covers were harvested three times the following spring and dry matter yields (DM), %N, and atom % N-15 were determined to assess FN uptake. Fall labelled N in the soil (to 80 cm) averaged 17 and 114 kg FN ha-1 over both years for the 168 and 336 kg FN ha-1 rates, respectively. However, the quantity of total residual mineral N (soil N plus FN) after the 168 kg ha-1 rate was 87 kg N ha-1, which was comparable to the quantity of labelled N at the high fertilizer rate. The average cover crop FN uptake (kg FN ha-1) in mid-April after the 336 kg N ha-1 treatment was 48 for cereal rye, 29 for annual ryegrass, 9 for hairy vetch, 8 for crimson clover, and 6 kg FN ha-1 for the native weed cover (LSD P = 0.05 of 7 kg FN ha-1). Corresponding percent recoveries of the fall N in the aboveground DM were 45% for cereal rye, 27% for annual ryegrass, 10% for hairy vetch, 8% for crimson clover, and 8% for native weed cover. These results show that grass cover crops conserved the most FN. Cereal rye recovered more FN through mid-April because of its growth in cool weather, although annual ryegrass was equally effective if grown to mid-May. Renewed efforts should be made to utilize grass cover crops to conserve N in humid climates. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 36 TC 129 Z9 133 U1 7 U2 50 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 84 IS 5 BP 869 EP 876 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JT158 UT WOS:A1992JT15800020 ER PT J AU ODEEN, WA FOLLETT, RF AF ODEEN, WA FOLLETT, RF TI AMMONIA EMISSION FROM SOYBEAN AMENDED CALCAREOUS SOIL WITH VARIOUS SOIL-TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE LEVELS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; WHEAT; N-15; DECOMPOSITION; LEGUME AB High soil temperature, moisture, and crop residue levels were found to combine for maximum volatilization of ammonia from calcareous soil amended with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] tissue in this study. An unusually large amount of ammonia was liberated to the atmosphere and provided the opportunity to measure accurately isotope separation of N-15 and N-14 atoms resulting from the diffusion process. Soybean tissue (early reproductive stage) was mixed with a calcareous soil (Aridic Paleustoll) at two different levels (25 and 50 g kg-1). The two soil soybean-tissue mixtures were wetted to the desired moisture content (20, 60, and 100% field capacity) and incubated 7 d at either 10, 20, or 30-degrees-C. After incubation, ammonia evolution and moisture loss were determined during either a 4- or 7-d dry-down period in which dry NH3-free air was passed across the soil surface. We found more NH3 volatilized at 100% FC than at 20 or 60% FC, at 30 than at 10 or 20-degrees-C, and at 50 than at 25 g kg-1 residue rate. Maximum loss of NH3 was about 5% of soybean-tissue N measured in an experiment in which four wet-dry cycles were used. Maximum loss was directly related to water evaporation rate. These results indicate that soil temperature, moisture, and crop-residue rates all influence NH3 losses from soybean-tissue amended soil. Isotopic ratios of the NH3-N evolved were measured and ammonia content of the first fraction of ammonia volatilized was lower in atom % N-15 than the last fraction. These results indicate that, for the conditions of this study, diffusion is an important process since the N-14 atoms volatilized more quickly as NH3 than did the N-15 atoms. RP ODEEN, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL PLANT NUTRIENT RES UNIT,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 84 IS 5 BP 893 EP 896 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JT158 UT WOS:A1992JT15800024 ER PT J AU BRAR, GS STEINER, JL UNGER, PW PRIHAR, SS AF BRAR, GS STEINER, JL UNGER, PW PRIHAR, SS TI MODELING SORGHUM SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT FROM SOIL WETNESS AND TEMPERATURE OF DRYING SEED ZONES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE STRESS; GERMINATION; EMERGENCE; WHEAT; DEPTH AB Existing crop simulation models predict emergence based on experimental results on the effects of soil temperature and water in systems sealed against evaporation. Under field conditions, however, the seed zone is open to evaporation. Seed zone water decreases with time and is often inversely related to soil temperature. Little is known about the combined effects of soil temperature and water on sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] emergence rates in drying seed zones. Therefore, our objective was to study this and to model the effect to predict seedling stand establishment. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to study sorghum emergence at six constant temperatures (8.8, 15.9, 20.5, 25.2, 30.2, and 35.8-degrees-C) attained on a thermogradient plate, and three initial soil water matric potentials (psi(s)) (-0.03, -0.1, and -0.3 MPa), using a Pullman clay loam. Emergence and plant height were recorded daily for 2 wk and root length was measured at termination of the experiment. We developed a sorghum stand establishment model that utilizes heat units and indices of emergence or growth as input parameters to predict emergence and root and shoot growth of seedlings. Optimum sorghum emergence (>80%) was obtained at temperatures of 20.5 to 30.2-degrees-C, and -0.03 to -0.1 MPa psi(s). Furthermore, combinations of cool temperature (15.9-degrees-C) and psi(s) of -0.1 MPa as well as warm temperature (35.8-degrees-C) and psi(s) of -0.03 MPa produced satisfactory emergence (>80%). Sorghum emergence regressed with thermal emergence index yielded a highly significant (P < 0.0001) positive nonlinear correlation (Adj. R2 = 0.62). Similarly, main axis root length, lateral root length, and plant height regressed with thermal indices of main axis root length, lateral root length, and shoot growth yielded significant (P < 0.0001) positive, nonlinear correlations (Adj. R2 = 0.46, 0.70, and 0.77, respectively). The model should provide more realistic sorghum emergence predictions than models developed in systems closed to evaporation. C1 PUNJAB AGR UNIV,LUDHIANA 141004,PUNJAB,INDIA. RP BRAR, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 84 IS 5 BP 905 EP 910 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JT158 UT WOS:A1992JT15800026 ER PT J AU HODGES, T JOHNSON, SL JOHNSON, BS AF HODGES, T JOHNSON, SL JOHNSON, BS TI A MODULAR STRUCTURE FOR CROP SIMULATION-MODELS - IMPLEMENTED IN THE SIMPOTATO MODEL SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Software Review AB A highly modular structure has been developed for crop growth simulation models and implemented in the SIMPOTATO model, a model based on the standards of the IBSNAT (International Benchmarks Sites Network for Agrotechnology Transfer) project. The model structure features top-down design, modularity, high cohesiveness, loose coupling, and data hiding. SIMPOTATO is composed of (i) an upper level module to run the model, (ii) an experiment selection module, (iii) an initialization module, (iv) a simulator module, (v) the crop and soil processes module, (vi) a start/stop module, (vii) a report writing module, and (viii) a graphic display module. Each module is composed of one or more subroutines and functions. Such a modular structure facilitates transferring improvements between models, combining models into multi-crop models and crop/pest models, and modifying models for new applications. C1 S COAST AIR QUAL MANAGEMENT DISTRIBUT,EL MONTE,CA 91376. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP HODGES, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,CTR IRRIGAT AGR RES & EXTENS,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 30 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 84 IS 5 BP 911 EP 915 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JT158 UT WOS:A1992JT15800027 ER PT J AU KINIRY, JR AF KINIRY, JR TI SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM RESPONSES OF CORN TO A PREANTHESIS SOIL-WATER DEFICIT SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Letter RP KINIRY, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 84 IS 5 BP 916 EP 916 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JT158 UT WOS:A1992JT15800028 ER PT J AU LOPER, GM WALLER, GD STEFFENS, D ROSELLE, RM AF LOPER, GM WALLER, GD STEFFENS, D ROSELLE, RM TI SELECTION AND CONTROLLED NATURAL MATING - A SOLUTION TO THE HONEY-BEE TRACHEAL MITE PROBLEM SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP LOPER, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 132 IS 9 BP 603 EP 606 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JL652 UT WOS:A1992JL65200019 ER PT J AU JACKSON, LL DEWALD, CL BOHLEN, CC AF JACKSON, LL DEWALD, CL BOHLEN, CC TI A MACROMUTATION IN TRIPSACUM-DACTYLOIDES (POACEAE) - CONSEQUENCES FOR SEED SIZE, GERMINATION, AND SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN GAMAGRASS; SEXUALITY; APOMIXIS AB A recessive allele of a gene in Tripsacum dactyloides L. (eastern gamagrass) changes staminate florets to pistillate or hermaphrodite, and restores fertility to suppressed florets. There were ten to 25 times more seeds in the mutant pistillate form, and these were 0.32 to 0.59 times smaller than seeds from the normal form. Seeds from pistillate plants had significantly lower germination rates (22% vs. 50%), and seedlings grew 20% slower than those of normal plants in a greenhouse experiment. Pistillate seedling survival rates were lower in both high- (18.8% vs. 62.6%) and low- (52.8% vs. 72.6%) competition environments in a field experiment, and surviving seedlings were smaller. The maternal parent of volunteer seedlings next to a plantation of normal and pistillate plants was determined by dissecting the attached fruitcases of 1,313 seedlings. Pistillate plants in the plantation produced 90% of all seeds falling on the site but only 29% of the volunteer seedlings. The pistillate macromutation is not likely to spread in the wild due to morphological constraints on seed size and packaging. C1 USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,WOODWARD,OK 73801. CHESAPEAKE BAY FDN,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21401. RP JACKSON, LL (reprint author), DESERT BOT GARDEN,1201 N GALVIN PKWY,PHOENIX,AZ 85008, USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 79 IS 9 BP 1031 EP 1038 DI 10.2307/2444913 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JN791 UT WOS:A1992JN79100009 ER PT J AU DICKSON, EE ARUMUGANATHAN, K KRESOVICH, S DOYLE, JJ AF DICKSON, EE ARUMUGANATHAN, K KRESOVICH, S DOYLE, JJ TI NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT VARIATION WITHIN THE ROSACEAE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID X DOMESTICA BORKH; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; GENOME SIZE; UNITED-STATES; EVOLUTION; INHERITANCE; ASTERACEAE; APPLE; ANGIOSPERMS; GENERA AB Nuclear DNA content has been estimated using flow cytometry for 17 species and eight cultivars of Malus and for 44 species of 29 other genera within the Rosaceae. Compared to other angiosperms, diploid genome sizes vary little within the family Rosaceae and within the genus Malus. C-values of genera within the subfamilies Spiraeoideae and Rosoideae are among the smallest of flowering plants thus far reported- in general, the Maloideae have the largest diploid genomes of the family, consistent with their higher chromosome numbers and presumed polyploid origin. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT BREEDING & BIOMETRY,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,PLANT GENET RESOURCES UNIT,USDA ARS,GENEVA,NY 14456. RP DICKSON, EE (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,LH BAILEY HORTORIUM,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 43 TC 97 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 16 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 79 IS 9 BP 1081 EP 1086 DI 10.2307/2444917 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JN791 UT WOS:A1992JN79100013 ER PT J AU BULUX, J CARRANZA, E CASTANEDA, C SOLOMONS, NW SOKOLL, LJ MORROW, FD RUSSELL, RM AF BULUX, J CARRANZA, E CASTANEDA, C SOLOMONS, NW SOKOLL, LJ MORROW, FD RUSSELL, RM TI STUDIES ON THE APPLICATION OF THE RELATIVE-DOSE-RESPONSE TEST FOR ASSESSING VITAMIN-A STATUS IN OLDER ADULTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID TEST-RETEST REPRODUCIBILITY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; GUATEMALAN ADULTS; PLASMA; RETINOL; SERUM; CHILDREN; DEFICIENCY; RISK; DISEASE AB We investigated the time course and the reproducibility of the relative-dose-response (RDR) test for assessing vitamin A status in older adults. The maximum plasma retinol response to 480 retinol equivalents (RE) of retinyl palmitate in abnormal responses was at 6 or 7 h after dosing compared with the 5-h sampling interval recommended by others for younger adults and children. With respect to reproducibility, the diagnostic concordance of two RDR tests at 7-d intervals in 14 elders was 71%. In 29% of tests, one test was abnormal and the other normal. Linear regression of the two RDR values in these 14 subjects gave a correlation coefficient of -0.08. We conclude that the procedure for the RDR should be modified when applied to persons > 60 y of age, and that multiple repetitions of the test are needed to provide a stable indication of vitamin A stores in an elderly individual. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. HOSP OJOS & OIDOS DR RODOLFO ROBLES V,NATL COMM BLIND & DEAF GUATEMALA,RES BRANCH,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 56 IS 3 BP 543 EP 547 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JL271 UT WOS:A1992JL27100013 PM 1503067 ER PT J AU JENSEN, CL BUTTE, NF WONG, WW MOON, JK AF JENSEN, CL BUTTE, NF WONG, WW MOON, JK TI DETERMINING ENERGY-EXPENDITURE IN PRETERM INFANTS - COMPARISON OF (H2O)-H-2-O-18 METHOD AND INDIRECT CALORIMETRY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DOUBLY LABELED WATER ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; PREMATURE-INFANTS; BALANCE; DEUTERIUM; GROWTH; PLASMA; SALIVA; HUMANS; URINE AB Determining energy expenditure in preterm infants: comparison of (H2O)-H-2-O-18 method and indirect calorimetry. Am. J. Physiol. 263 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 32): R685-R692, 1992.-The doubly labeled water (H2O)-H-2-O-18 method used to estimate total energy expenditure (EE(Total)) is particularly sensitive to analytic error in preterm infants, because of their high percentage of body water and the high ratio of water flux to CO2 production. To evaluate further use of this method, the EE of 12 preterm infants was measured by indirect calorimetry and (H2O)-H-2-O-18 simultaneously and continuously for 5 days. Initial infant weight, age, and postconceptional age were (means +/-SD) 1,674 +/- 173 g, 4.4 +/- 2.6 wk, and 34.6 +/- 1.6 wk, respectively. The indirect calorimeter system included an air-temperature-controlled chamber and heart rate monitor. EE was measured by indirect calorimetry for 85.6 +/- 4.7% of study time and estimated from the linear regression of heart rate on EE for 14.4 +/- 4.7% of study time. The (H2O)-H-1-O-18 method entailed an initial dose of 100 mg (H2O)-H-2 and 250 mg O-18/kg and a final dose of 75 Mg O-18/kg; urine was collected twice daily. H-2 and O-18 enrichments were measured by gas-isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. EE was calculated from measured H-2 and O-18 dilution spaces (N(H), N(O)), turnover rates (k(H), k(O)), and measured respiratory quotient. The ratio of H-2 to O-18 dilution spaces was 1.01 +/-0.01 and the ratio of k(O) to k(H) was 1.16 +/- 0.04. Estimation of EE from (H2O)-H-2-O-18 and indirect calorimetry agreed within 1%, although individual variability in methods was large. RP JENSEN, CL (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 30 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 263 IS 3 BP R685 EP R692 PN 2 PG 8 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA JP902 UT WOS:A1992JP90200086 PM 1415659 ER PT J AU FRONTINI, MG FISHBEIN, DB RAMOS, JG COLLINS, EF TORRES, JMB HUERTA, GQ RODRIGUEZ, JDG BELOTTO, AJ DOBBINS, JG LINHART, SB BAER, GM AF FRONTINI, MG FISHBEIN, DB RAMOS, JG COLLINS, EF TORRES, JMB HUERTA, GQ RODRIGUEZ, JDG BELOTTO, AJ DOBBINS, JG LINHART, SB BAER, GM TI A FIELD-EVALUATION IN MEXICO OF 4 BAITS FOR ORAL RABIES VACCINATION OF DOGS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RACCOONS PROCYON-LOTOR; RECOMBINANT VIRUS; FOXES; IMMUNIZATION; ACCEPTANCE; TRIAL AB We evaluated four baits for the delivery of oral rabies vaccines to dogs. In a controlled study in a town in rural Mexico, 177 randomly selected dogs were assigned to receive one of four experiential baits (two of which were developed by the Denver Wildlife Research Center [DWRC]): one of two cylindrical polyurethane sponges with a com meal coating (one fried in com oil [DWRC-com], the other in fish oil [DWRC-fish]), a fish-flavored polymer bait, or a wax bait. Each dog was also offered a commercial dog biscuit. We recorded whether or not the bait was completely consumed, and used the following measures to estimate the amount of oropharyngeal contact with each bait: total chewing time, presence of pieces of bait on the ground following administration, the total area of ground surrounding the location of ingestion that was covered with green dye contained in each bait, and condition of ampules that contained the dye. The dog biscuits were completely consumed significantly more often than the baits (155 of 176 [88%] for the biscuits versus 89 of 176 [50.5%] for the four baits; P < 10(-6)), but were chewed for a significantly shorter time than the baits (mean time 34 sec for the biscuit versus 60-82 sec for the four baits: P < 0.001). The ideal bait would probably combine the attractiveness of the commercial biscuit and the ability of the sponge baits to promote contact with the mucous membranes. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PROD NACL BIOL VET,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. CTR SALUD,PUEBLA,MEXICO. SERV COORDINADOS SALUD PUBL PUEBLA,OFF CONTROL ZOONOSIS,PUEBLA,MEXICO. MINIST HLTH,FIELD EPIDEMIOL TRAINING PROGRAM,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,ZONE OFF,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER,CO. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 47 IS 3 BP 310 EP 316 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JQ927 UT WOS:A1992JQ92700008 PM 1524144 ER PT J AU FISHBEIN, DB FRONTINI, MG DOBBINS, JG COLLINS, EF HUERTA, GQ RODRIGUEZ, JDG WOOMING, B RAMOS, JG BELOTTO, AJ TORRES, JMB YENNE, KM LINHART, SB BAER, GM AF FISHBEIN, DB FRONTINI, MG DOBBINS, JG COLLINS, EF HUERTA, GQ RODRIGUEZ, JDG WOOMING, B RAMOS, JG BELOTTO, AJ TORRES, JMB YENNE, KM LINHART, SB BAER, GM TI PREVENTION OF CANINE RABIES IN RURAL MEXICO - AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC-STUDY OF VACCINATION CAMPAIGNS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ELIMINATION AB We compared three vaccination strategies in three rural communities in Mexico to determine the factors associated with the success of vaccination programs in areas where canine rabies is poorly controlled. In town A, intensive publicity and community participation were used; owners were instructed to bring their dogs to temporary centralized clinics for vaccination. In town B, only brief precampaign publicity was used, followed by vaccination at a centralized site. Minimal publicity was also used in town C, but the vaccination campaign was conducted house to house. A total of 5,426 residents and 1,597 dogs were counted in the three towns (mean human:dog ratio 3.4: 1). In Town A, 70.1% (472 of 673) of the dogs were vaccinated; the campaign required 40 person-minutes per dog. Significantly greater proportions were vaccinated in town B (262 of 318 [82.4%]; P < 0.001) and town C (483 of 561 [86.1%]; P < 0.00001); each of these latter campaigns required 10 person-minutes per dog. The following factors were positively associated (by multivariate analyses) with vaccination of individual dogs: non-intensive publicity, house-to-house vaccination, dogs owned by a single member of the household, and dogs acquired > 15 days after birth. Intensive publicity did not increase the overall success of the vaccination program; the efficiency of centralized versus and house-to-house vaccination was comparable. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SERV COORDINADOS SALUD EDO,JURISDICC SANIT ATUXCO,PUEBLA,MEXICO. SERV COORDINATOS SALUD EDO,OFICINA CONTROL ZOONOSIS,PUEBLA,MEXICO. ORG PANAMER SALUD,ORG MUNDIAL SALUDI PROD NACL BIOL VET,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER,CO. RP FISHBEIN, DB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPO,DFE,GLOBAL EIS PROGRAM,INT BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 47 IS 3 BP 317 EP 327 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA JQ927 UT WOS:A1992JQ92700009 PM 1524145 ER PT J AU CASEY, TA NAGY, B MOON, HW AF CASEY, TA NAGY, B MOON, HW TI PATHOGENICITY OF PORCINE ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI THAT DO NOT EXPRESS K88, K99, F41, OR 987P ADHESINS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POSTWEANING DIARRHEA; INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM; VIRULENCE FACTORS; PIGS; COLONIZATION; PIGLETS; SWINE; STRAINS; ANTIGEN; CALVES AB Three-week-old weaned and colostrum-deprived neonatal (< 1 day old) pigs were inoculated to determine the pathogenicity of 2 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates that do not express K88, K99, F41, or 987P adhesins (strains 2134 and 2171). Strains 2134 and 2171 were isolated from pigs that had diarrhea after weaning attributable to enterotoxigenic E coli infection. We found that both strains of E coli adhered in the ileum and caused diarrhea in pigs of both age groups. In control experiments, adherent bacteria were not seen in the ileum of pigs < 1 day old or 3 weeks old that were noninoculated or inoculated with a nonpathogenic strain of E coli. These control pigs did not develop diarrhea. Antisera raised against strains 2134 and 2171 and absorbed with the autologous strain, grown at 18 C, were used for bacterial-agglutination and colony-immunoblot assays. Both absorbed antisera reacted with strains 2134 and 2171, but not with strains that express K99, F41, or 987P adhesins. A cross-reaction was observed with 2 wild-type K88 strains, but not with a K12 strain that expresses K88 pili. Indirect immunofluorescence with these absorbed antisera revealed adherent bacteria in frozen sections of ileum from pigs infected with either strain. We concluded that these strains are pathogenic and express a common surface antigen that may be a novel adhesin in E coli strains that cause diarrhea in weaned pigs. RP CASEY, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 27 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 53 IS 9 BP 1488 EP 1492 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JL465 UT WOS:A1992JL46500003 PM 1358015 ER PT J AU TOMASULA, PM KOZEMPEL, MF KURANTZ, MJ CRAIG, JC AF TOMASULA, PM KOZEMPEL, MF KURANTZ, MJ CRAIG, JC TI COMPUTER CONTROL OF BLANCHER FOR FRENCH FRY COLOR SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE POTATO; GLUCOSE; REDUCING SUGAR; NONENZYMATIC BROWNING ID POTATOES AB Computer control of color development of potatoes through regulation of glucose/reducing sugar content the blancher is demonstrated for french fry production. Color was controlled using two methods. In the first, anticipatory-feedback control was used to adjust glucose concentration in the potatoes leaving a hot-water blancher. Because the relationship between concentration and color was not defined through the mathematical model, operator intervention was required to control color. In the second, anticipatory-feedback control was combined with some simple rules for adjusting setpoints and color. Results indicate that the second scheme is preferable because it eliminates operator intervention to effect color control. RP TOMASULA, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 69 IS 9 BP 525 EP 536 DI 10.1007/BF02852125 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JT692 UT WOS:A1992JT69200001 ER PT J AU FURTH, PA SHAMAY, A WALL, RJ HENNIGHAUSEN, L AF FURTH, PA SHAMAY, A WALL, RJ HENNIGHAUSEN, L TI GENE-TRANSFER INTO SOMATIC TISSUES BY JET INJECTION SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID TRANSGENIC MICE; EXPRESSION INVIVO; MAMMARY-GLAND; CELLS; PROMOTER; DNA; EXPLANTS; LIVER; VIRUS C1 NIDDKD,BIOCHEM & METAB LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USDA,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP FURTH, PA (reprint author), MAX PLANCK INST BIOPHYS CHEM,DEPT CELL BIOL,W-3400 GOTTINGEN,GERMANY. NR 22 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 205 IS 2 BP 365 EP 368 DI 10.1016/0003-2697(92)90449-H PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA JM682 UT WOS:A1992JM68200028 PM 1332543 ER PT J AU BAKER, JE WOO, SM SILVERS, SH AF BAKER, JE WOO, SM SILVERS, SH TI OBSERVATIONS ON INVITRO AND INVIVO DIGESTION OF WHEAT-STARCH GRANULES BY LARVAE OF TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA, TENEBRIONIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; STARCH GRANULES; DIGESTION ID AMYLASES; BARLEY AB Enzymatic degradation of native wheat starch granules by larvae of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), was studied in vitro and in vivo. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe structural changes in granules during digestion. The mechanisms of degradation appeared to be identical in both the in vitro and in vivo experiments, although the degree of granule degradation was greater when granules were fed to larvae and midgut contents were examined directly by SEM. In both studies, enzymatic degradation began with the apparently random formation of small pits or craterlike areas on the granule surface. These pits became wider and deeper with time, passed through the outer granule lamellae, and eventually penetrated into the interior portions of the granule. The distinctive, straight to taper-sided "boring holes" often coalesced in later stages of granule degradation. The interior portion of the granule seemed to be preferentially degraded once the outer surface of the granule was penetrated. RP BAKER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 85 IS 5 BP 612 EP 615 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JN966 UT WOS:A1992JN96600008 ER PT J AU WEAVER, J WHITEHEAD, TR COTTA, MA VALENTINE, PC SALYERS, AA AF WEAVER, J WHITEHEAD, TR COTTA, MA VALENTINE, PC SALYERS, AA TI GENETIC-ANALYSIS OF A LOCUS ON THE BACTEROIDES-OVATUS CHROMOSOME WHICH CONTAINS XYLAN UTILIZATION GENES SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS; GENUS BACTEROIDES; FERMENTATION AB Bacteroides ovatus, a gram-negative obligate anaerobe found in the human colon, can utilize xylan as a sole source of carbohydrate. Previously, a 3.8-kbp segment of B. ovatus chromosomal DNA, which contained genes encoding a xylanase (xylI) and a bifunctional xylosidase-arabinosidase (xsa), was cloned, and expression of the two genes was studied in Escherichia coli (T. Whitehead and R. Hespell, J. Bacteriol. 172:2408-2412, 1990). In the present study, we have used segments of the cloned region to construct insertional disruptions in the B. ovatus chromosomal locus containing these two genes. Analysis of these insertional mutants demonstrated that (i) xylI and xsa are probably part of the same operon, with xylI upstream of xsa, (ii) the true B. ovatus promoter was not cloned on the 3.5-kbp DNA fragment which expressed xylanase and xylosidase in E. coli, (iii) there is at least one gene upstream of xylI which could encode an arabinosidase, and (iv) xylosidase rather than xylanase may be a rate-limiting step in xylan utilization. Insertional mutations in the xylI-xsa locus reduced the rate of growth on xylan, but the concentration of residual sugars at the end of growth was the same as that with the wild type. Thus, a slower rate of growth on xylan was not accompanied by less extensive digestion of xylan. Mutants in which xylI had been disrupted still expressed some xylanase activity. This second activity was associated with membranes and produced xylose from xylan, whereas the xylI gene product partitioned primarily with the soluble fraction and produced xylobiose from xylan. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MICROBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009; OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 17876] NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 58 IS 9 BP 2764 EP 2770 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JL632 UT WOS:A1992JL63200009 PM 1444385 ER PT J AU MATTHEIS, JP ROBERTS, RG AF MATTHEIS, JP ROBERTS, RG TI IDENTIFICATION OF GEOSMIN AS A VOLATILE METABOLITE OF PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID PATULIN AB Cultures of Penicillium expansum produce a musty, earthy odor. Geosmin [1,10-trans-dimethyl-trans(9)-decalol] was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry from headspace samples of P. expansum cultures. Olfactory comparison of P. expansum cultures with a geosmin standard indicated geosmin is the primary component of the odor associated with P. expansum. C1 USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,PHYSIOL & PATHOL TREE FRUITS RES UNIT,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. NR 18 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 58 IS 9 BP 3170 EP 3172 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA JL632 UT WOS:A1992JL63200070 PM 1444431 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, M GRIER, DA AF ANDERSON, M GRIER, DA TI ROBUST, NONPARAMETRIC MEASURES OF EXCHANGE-RATE VARIABILITY SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID RISK AB Changes in exchange rates are well-known to possess non-Gaussian distributions, yet in testing for differences in exchange rate volatility few researchers have examined measures that do not assume Gaussian data. This paper develops a robust, non-parametric measure for comparing exchange rate variability across time. The measures are applied to monthly exchange rate data to test for differences in exchange rate variability across different monetary policy regimes. The comparisons show inconsistencies between conclusions based on the classical F-test and the robust, non-parametric equivalent. Using the robust test for changes in exchange rate variability, we do not conclude that variability has increased over time. Increases in variability do occur, but usually only in specific percentiles of the data. C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT STAT COMP & INFORMAT SYST,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. RP ANDERSON, M (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4P 4EE SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 24 IS 9 BP 951 EP 958 DI 10.1080/00036849200000072 PG 8 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA JK977 UT WOS:A1992JK97700002 ER PT J AU ROUBENOFF, R KEHAYIAS, J CANNON, J DINARELLO, C ROSENBERG, I AF ROUBENOFF, R KEHAYIAS, J CANNON, J DINARELLO, C ROSENBERG, I TI LOSS OF BODY CELL MASS (BCM) AND ELEVATED IL-1-BETA AND TNF-ALPHA IN RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS (RA) SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 35 IS 9 SU S BP S46 EP S46 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA JR158 UT WOS:A1992JR15800067 ER PT J AU RAMAGOPAL, S AF RAMAGOPAL, S TI THE DICTYOSTELIUM RIBOSOME - BIOCHEMISTRY, MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY, AND DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION SO BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY-BIOCHIMIE ET BIOLOGIE CELLULAIRE LA English DT Review DE CELLULAR SLIME MOLDS; DEVELOPMENT; RIBOSOME HETEROGENEITY; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; EVOLUTION ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; DISCOIDEUM DEVELOPMENT; VEGETATIVE GROWTH; SPORE GERMINATION; RNA GENE; CHROMATIN; REGIONS; RDNA AB This is the first comprehensive review of ribosomes in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. The physicochemical, biochemical, cellular, molecular, and developmental properties are reviewed. Several features demonstrate that a unique class of ribosomes exists in this organism, and a study of these ribosomes will be important to decipher special features of translational regulation, and evolution of the organelle in the eukaryotic kingdom. RP RAMAGOPAL, S (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,USDA ARS,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 82 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0829-8211 J9 BIOCHEM CELL BIOL JI Biochem. Cell Biol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 70 IS 9 BP 738 EP 750 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA JZ050 UT WOS:A1992JZ05000002 PM 1482551 ER PT J AU KATZ, JB PEDERSEN, JC AF KATZ, JB PEDERSEN, JC TI MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF PSEUDORABIES VIRAL VACCINES AND THEIR RAPID DIFFERENTIATION FROM WILD-TYPE ISOLATES USING DNA-AMPLIFIED GLYCOPROTEIN-I AND THYMIDINE KINASE GENE SEGMENT POLYMORPHISMS SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article ID AUJESZKYS DISEASE VIRUS; PIGS; STRAINS; AMPLIFICATION; DELETIONS RP KATZ, JB (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,DIAGNOST VIROL LAB,POB 844,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD SEP PY 1992 VL 20 IS 3 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1016/S1045-1056(05)80037-5 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JU657 UT WOS:A1992JU65700003 PM 1333775 ER PT J AU TRIPLETT, BA AF TRIPLETT, BA TI AN ALTERNATIVE STAINING PROCEDURE FOR DETECTING PROTEINS IN AN AGAROSE-GEL SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note ID SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS RP TRIPLETT, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD SEP PY 1992 VL 13 IS 3 BP 352 EP & PG 0 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA JM747 UT WOS:A1992JM74700005 PM 1382467 ER PT J AU PORTER, DR GATSCHET, MJ AF PORTER, DR GATSCHET, MJ TI SIMPLIFIED DRYING OF POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS FOR FLUOROGRAPHY SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note RP PORTER, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES LAB,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD SEP PY 1992 VL 13 IS 3 BP 359 EP 360 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA JM747 UT WOS:A1992JM74700008 ER PT J AU SOLAIMAN, DKY SOMKUTI, GA AF SOLAIMAN, DKY SOMKUTI, GA TI DNA STRUCTURES CONTRIBUTING TO THE INSTABILITY OF RECOMBINANT PLASMIDS IN STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACID AB Bifunctional shuttle vector (pBN183) and recombinant plasmids (pDCO2 and pDCO3) carrying a Streptomyces cholesterol oxidase gene (choA) were deleted to varying degrees in Streptococcus thermophilus. Restriction mapping of the deleted plasmids led to the identification of deletion prone regions in the transforming DNAs. Sequence analysis revealed that direct repeats and hairpin structures occurred in these regions, suggesting that they are deleterious to the stability of plasmids in S. thermophilus. RP SOLAIMAN, DKY (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 14 IS 9 BP 753 EP 758 DI 10.1007/BF01029133 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA JQ857 UT WOS:A1992JQ85700002 ER PT J AU GILCHREST, BA AF GILCHREST, BA TI RETINOIDS AND PHOTODAMAGE SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SATELLITE SYMP ON PHOTODAMAGE IN THE COMMUNITY AND THE PLACE OF LONG-TERM TOPICAL RETENOID THERAPY, AT THE 2ND CONGRESS OF EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY CY OCT 10-13, 1991 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP EUROPEAN ACAD DERMATOL & VENEREOL, CILAG INT COMMERCIAL DEV ID ACID-BINDING-PROTEIN; ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; TOPICAL TRETINOIN; MOLECULAR-CLONING; 13-CIS-RETINOIC ACID; SKIN-CANCER; BASAL-CELL; DIFFERENTIATION THERAPY; GENE-EXPRESSION; PHOTOAGED SKIN AB Extensive well-controlled clinical studies performed over the past 5 years have demonstrated a consistent, dose-dependent, statistically significant improvement in the appearance of photodamaged skin after 3-6 months of daily treatment with topical 0.001-0.1% tretinoin cream. Clinical changes included decreases in surface roughness, irregular pigmentation, fine and coarse wrinkling, and sallowness. Actinic keratoses have also been reported to decrease in size and number. Blinded analysis of biopsies from more than 500 subjects showed that there was compaction of the stratum corneum, an increase in the number of granular layers, thickening of the epidermis and a decrease in epidermal melanin. There were no detectable histological changes in any dermal parameters. The specific cellular mechanisms by which retinoic acid (RA) exerts its beneficial effect on photodamaged skin are currently the subject of intensive investigation. It is well established that RA enters the nucleus where it binds to an KA receptor (RAR), and that the RA-RAR complex then binds to specific RA response elements in the DNA, modulating the expression of target genes. It is thus likely that RA improves at least some aspects of photoageing by modifying cellular differentiation programmes, as retinoids have been shown to do during embryogenesis, in malignantly transformed cells and in skin affected by certain dermatoses. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP GILCHREST, BA (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,80 E CONCORD ST,BOSTON,MA 02118, USA. NR 64 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0007-0963 J9 BRIT J DERMATOL JI Br. J. Dermatol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 127 SU 41 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb16982.x PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA JN113 UT WOS:A1992JN11300004 PM 1390181 ER PT J AU GILCHREST, BA YAAR, M AF GILCHREST, BA YAAR, M TI AGING AND PHOTOAGING OF THE SKIN - OBSERVATIONS AT THE CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR-LEVEL SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SATELLITE SYMP ON PHOTODAMAGE IN THE COMMUNITY AND THE PLACE OF LONG-TERM TOPICAL RETENOID THERAPY, AT THE 2ND CONGRESS OF EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY CY OCT 10-13, 1991 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP EUROPEAN ACAD DERMATOL & VENEREOL, CILAG INT COMMERCIAL DEV ID SENESCENT HUMAN-FIBROBLASTS; CULTURED HUMAN-FIBROBLASTS; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; GROWTH-FACTOR; HUMAN MELANOCYTES; WERNERS SYNDROME; EGF RECEPTOR; SUN EXPOSURE; WI-38 CELLS; DONOR AGE AB It is now well established that ageing occurs at the level of individual cells in the skin and other organ systems. Changes in cell behaviour, protein production and gene expression in response to standardized stimuli are readily observed in cultured cells derived from young vs old donors and from photoaged vs sun-protected body sites. Whether these changes are best viewed as a cause or a consequence of ageing cannot be determined at present. Nevertheless, available data now provide cellular and molecular correlates for the well-known differences in clinical responsiveness between newborn, adult and photoaged skin. From this basis, it will hopefully be possible to develop a more comprehensive understanding of cutaneous ageing processes. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP GILCHREST, BA (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,80 E CONCORD ST,BOSTON,MA 02118, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG07114, AG00354] NR 63 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0007-0963 J9 BRIT J DERMATOL JI Br. J. Dermatol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 127 SU 41 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb16984.x PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA JN113 UT WOS:A1992JN11300006 PM 1390183 ER PT J AU GAGNE, RJ ORPHANIDES, GM AF GAGNE, RJ ORPHANIDES, GM TI THE PUPA AND LARVA OF ASPHONDYLIA-GENNADII (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) AND TAXONOMIC IMPLICATIONS SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Pupae and larvae from various recorded hosts of the cecidomyiid Asphondylia gennadii (Marchal), a pest of carob on Cyprus, are found to be anatomically similar. These are redescribed and illustrated. The species appears to be a Palaearctic generalist species analogous to the Nearctic Asphondylia websteri Felt. Asphondylia capsici Barnes (Syn. n.) is considered a new junior synonym of A. gennadii. An unnamed soybean pod gall midge in Japan appears also to be identical to A. gennadii. C1 MINIST AGR & NAT RESOURCES,AGR RES INST,NICOSIA,CYPRUS. RP GAGNE, RJ (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM,USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB-168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX10 8DE SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 82 IS 3 BP 313 EP 316 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JX833 UT WOS:A1992JX83300006 ER PT J AU MAYHEW, DE COOK, AL GULYA, TJ AF MAYHEW, DE COOK, AL GULYA, TJ TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A MYCOVIRUS FROM PLASMOPARA-HALSTEDII SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE MYCOVIRUS; DOWNY MILDEW; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS AB A virus was isolated from Plasmopara halstedii, the causal agent of sunflower downy mildew. The virus contained two species of ssRNA with molecular weight (MW) of 1.05 X 10(6) and 0.53 x 10(6). One polypeptide with a MW of 37.5 x 10(3) was associated with whole virus. Purified preparations consisted of two components, the top component consisting primarily of empty shells. The A260/A280 UV absorbance ratio for the bottom component ranged from 1.25 to 1.35. The partially purified virions were isometric, approximately 32 nm in diameter, and had projections of approximately 4 nm on the virion surface. This virus may be related to the type A virus in Sclerophthora macrospora. C1 USDA,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP MAYHEW, DE (reprint author), CALIF DEPT FOOD & AGR,ANAL & IDENTIFICAT BRANCH,1220 N ST,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 70 IS 9 BP 1734 EP 1737 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JV979 UT WOS:A1992JV97900003 ER PT J AU ABBAS, HK PAUL, RN BOYETTE, CD DUKE, SO VESONDER, RF AF ABBAS, HK PAUL, RN BOYETTE, CD DUKE, SO VESONDER, RF TI PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL EFFECTS OF FUMONISIN ON JIMSONWEED LEAVES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE PHYTOTOXIN; MYCOTOXIN; WEED; MODE OF ACTION; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; AAL-TOXIN ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; ACIFLUORFEN; MYCOTOXINS AB The physiological and ultrastructural effects of fumonisin B1, a phytotoxin obtained from Fusarium moniliforme, on jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) were studied. When fumonisin B1 was applied at concentrations of 3 to 1000 mug/mL (4.1 to 1388 muM) to jimsonweed leaves, effects such as electrolyte leakage, autolysis, and photobleaching of tissues were noted in less than 12 h after exposure to light (480 mumol . m-2 . s-1, PAR) at 25-degrees-C. The degree of damage was directly proportional to the concentration and duration of exposure in all cases. Chlorophyll reduction from 5 to 73% occurred after 48 h in the light. In darkness, electrolyte leakage above control levels was noted only in treated samples after 72 h. However, when these dark-treated samples were subsequently placed in the light, electrolyte leakage occurred in 12 h. Ultrastructural damage in mesophyll palisade cells exposed to 500 mug/mL fumonisin B1 began at 6 h and intensified after 12 h. Cytoplasmic degeneration occurred first, followed by disruption of the chloroplasts and accumulation of intracellular debris. The close structural analogue, AAL-toxin, has previously been reported to act by inhibiting nucleotide synthesis. The phytotoxic activity of both AAL-toxin and fumonisin was not influenced by supplying supplemental aspartic or orotic acid, indicating that neither toxin acts by inhibiting nucleotide synthesis. These results indicated that fumonisin B1 caused rapid, light-dependent cytoplasmic and chloroplast disruption, through an unknown mechanism. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP ABBAS, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 36 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 70 IS 9 BP 1824 EP 1833 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JV979 UT WOS:A1992JV97900015 ER PT J AU DENNIS, DF SENDAK, PE AF DENNIS, DF SENDAK, PE TI AN EMPIRICAL-STUDY OF ENROLLMENT IN VERMONTS USE VALUE APPRAISAL PROPERTY-TAX PROGRAM SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS AB A probit model was used to analyze the relationship between the probability of enrollment in Vermont's Use Value Appraisal property tax program for forest land and characteristics of the parcel, owner, and surrounding community. The results suggest that continued fragmentation of the forest and population growth will have a negative effect on enrollment, but these effects may be mitigated by increases in the education level of landowners and by increases in assessed values and property tax rates. RP DENNIS, DF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,POB 968,BURLINGTON,VT 05402, USA. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1209 EP 1214 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JV111 UT WOS:A1992JV11100001 ER PT J AU RADWAN, MA AF RADWAN, MA TI EFFECT OF FOREST FLOOR ON GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF DOUGLAS-FIR AND WESTERN HEMLOCK SEEDLINGS WITH AND WITHOUT FERTILIZER SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS AB Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of four different forest soils on growth and shoot nutrients of potted Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) seedlings, in absence and in presence of forest floor, and with and without N and P fertilizers. Nine-month-old seedlings from low-elevation seed sources were used, and seedlings were grown for 2 years in a roofed lathhouse. Soils were of the Klone, Vesta, Bunker, and Shelton series; Klone and Vesta soils, and Bunker and Shelton soils, were collected from western hemlock and Douglas-fir stands, respectively. The fertilizers ammonium nitrate at 100 kg N/ha and triple superphosphate at 226 kg P/ha were tested. The forest floor, at 70 g/7.6-L pot, and the N and P fertilizers were added to the top of the planting pots without mixing. The forest floors and mineral soils differed by source in many of the chemical characteristics determined. Overall, seedling growth of Douglas-fir and western hemlock was better in the Klone and Shelton soils than in the Bunker and Vesta soils. Seedlings, especially those of western hemlock, grew better with than without forest floor. The N fertilizer reduced seedling growth of both species and, in some soils, reductions were more with than without forest floor. The P fertilizer improved seedling growth of both species in all soils and, with one exception, growth was much greater in the presence than in the absence of the forest floor. With both species, soil, forest-floor, and fertilization treatments affected concentrations and contents of the various shoot nutrients determined. The nutritional changes observed varied by nutrient and reflected differences in uptake of native and fertilizer nutrients, as well as changes in shoot dry weight. The results demonstrate the importance of the forest floor to growth and nutrition of Douglas-fir and western hemlock seedlings, especially when fertilizers are used. RP RADWAN, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3625 93RD AVE SW,OLYMPIA,WA 98512, USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1222 EP 1229 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JV111 UT WOS:A1992JV11100003 ER PT J AU STUSHNOFF, C TINUS, RW ESENSEE, VD AF STUSHNOFF, C TINUS, RW ESENSEE, VD TI ANALYSIS OF FREEZING IN BUDS OF DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS BY SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF ULTRASONIC EMISSIONS AND DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL-ANALYSIS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS; SAPWOOD; INJURY; PLANTS AB Differential thermal analysis is used to detect low-temperature exotherms, the nucleation of supercooled aqueous fractions, indicative of lethal freezing temperature in certain plant tissues. However, in plant tissues that do not supercool at low temperatures, there has been no analytical technique to detect events during lethal freezing. Simultaneous detection of ultrasonic emissions and differential thermal analysis exotherms provides a method to determine the lethal freezing temperature in lateral buds of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings in the nonhardy and in the hardy condition. Ultrasonic emissions were detected in buds that supercooled at low temperatures and in those that did not. Simultaneous detection of ultrasonic emissions and differential thermal analysis is more sensitive than differential scanning calorimetry. Neither the precise source nor the nature of molecular perturbations associated with the release of ultrasonic emissions during freezing injury is known. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. US FOREST SERV,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86004. RP STUSHNOFF, C (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1305 EP 1309 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JV111 UT WOS:A1992JV11100013 ER PT J AU PARRESOL, BR AF PARRESOL, BR TI BALDCYPRESS HEIGHT DIAMETER EQUATIONS AND THEIR PREDICTION CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note AB Height-diameter relationships are an important component in yield estimation, stand description, and damage appraisals. A nonlinear exponential function used extensively in the northwest United States was chosen for bald cypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.). Homogeneity and normality of residuals were examined, and the function as well as the mean and individual prediction confidence bands were plotted. The inclusion of stand basal area as an additional independent variable provided a better fit to the data. The paper is concluded with a section on construction and use of simple and joint confidence intervals about the mean and individual predictions from the nonlinear regression. RP PARRESOL, BR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,SO FOREST EXPT STN,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 12 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 9 BP 1429 EP 1434 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JV111 UT WOS:A1992JV11100031 ER PT J AU GREEN, F CLAUSEN, CA LARSEN, MJ HIGHLEY, TL AF GREEN, F CLAUSEN, CA LARSEN, MJ HIGHLEY, TL TI IMMUNOSCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC LOCALIZATION OF EXTRACELLULAR WOOD-DEGRADING ENZYMES WITHIN THE FIBRILLAR SHEATH OF THE BROWN-ROT FUNGUS POSTIA-PLACENTA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BROWN-ROT FUNGI; ENZYMES; MYCOFIBRILS; HYPHAL SHEATH; IMMUNOLABELING; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; COLLOIDAL GOLD; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ID WHITE-ROT; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; LIGNIN PEROXIDASE; ULTRASTRUCTURAL-LOCALIZATION; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; ASCOCALYX-ABIETINA; USTILAGO-VIOLACEA; WESTERN HEMLOCK; GOLD COMPLEXES; HYPHAL SHEATH AB Extracellular wood-degrading enzymes of the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta were localized using colloidal gold labeled monoclonal antibodies to the beta-1,4-xylanase (32 to 36 kDa) fraction of P. placenta. Postia placenta was grown from agar onto glass cover slips, immunolabeled with or without prior fixation, and examined by scanning electron microscopy. Enzymes were localized on the hyphal surface and on the clumped fibrillar elements mycofibrils of the hyphal sheath following fixation with glutaraldehyde. If fixation was omitted, labeling was diffuse and not localized on individual or clumped mycofibrils. We conclude that extracellular decay enzymes are weakly bound (noncovalently) to, but not identical with, the linear mycofibrillar elements of the hyphal sheath. The linear structural elements of the hyphal sheath may play an important role in transport and presentation of wood-degrading enzymes during the decay process. RP GREEN, F (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 58 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 38 IS 9 BP 898 EP 904 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA JW648 UT WOS:A1992JW64800004 ER PT J AU LARSEN, MJ GREEN, F AF LARSEN, MJ GREEN, F TI MYCOFIBRILLAR CELL-WALL EXTENSIONS IN THE HYPHAL SHEATH OF POSTIA-PLACENTA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE POSTIA-PLACENTA; MYCOFIBRILS; FUNGAL FIMBRIAE; HYPHAL SHEATH; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; USTILAGO-VIOLACEA; WOOD-DECAY; FIMBRIAE; LOCALIZATION; SURFACE; FUNGI; PILI; DEGRADATION; BINDING AB Evidence is provided for the existence of linear extracellular fibrillar elements in the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta. These elements appear as structural components of the hyphal sheath and more closely resemble mycofibrils than fungal fimbriae. Mycofibrils are associated with and appear to originate from the hyphal surface when hyphae are grown on wood or inert substrates, such as glass cover slips and polycarbonate filters. These extracellular structures have a nominal diameter of 10-50 nm and are up to 25 mum in length. We conclude that mycofibrils are linear structural extensions of the hyphal cell wall. The precise function of mycofibrils in the brown-rot decay process of wood remains to be elucidated. RP LARSEN, MJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 38 IS 9 BP 905 EP 911 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA JW648 UT WOS:A1992JW64800005 ER PT J AU PREMAKUMAR, R JACOBSON, MR LOVELESS, TM BISHOP, PE AF PREMAKUMAR, R JACOBSON, MR LOVELESS, TM BISHOP, PE TI CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSCRIPTS EXPRESSED FROM NITROGENASE-3 STRUCTURAL GENES OF AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AZOTOBACTER-VINELANDII; NITROGENASE-3; TRANSCRIPTS; REGULATION; MOLYBDENUM; VANADIUM ID 2ND ALTERNATIVE NITROGENASE; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; FIXATION; CLONING; M13; MOLYBDENUM; PROMOTER; STRAINS AB Five major anfH-hybridizing mRNA species accumulated in Azotobacter vinelandii cells derepressed for nitrogenase-3 (an alternative nitrogenase, which appears to lack Mo and V). Using anfH-, anfD-, anfG-, anfK-, and orf1orf2-specific probes and mutant strains of A. vinelandii these mRNA species have been identified as encoding anfHDGKorf1orf2 (6.0 kb), anfHDGK (4.3 kb), anfHD (2.6 kb), vnfHorfFd (1.3 kb), and vnfH and (or) anfH (1.0 kb). A 0.6-kb mRNA species, which hybridized only to the orf1orf2-specific probe, and a 3.5-kb mRNA species, which hybridized to anfD or anfK, also accumulated under these conditions. Northern blot analysis and S1 nuclease mapping indicate that transcription of the anf structural gene cluster initiates at a unique nif consensus promoter situated 127 base pairs upstream from the anfH coding region. Observation of anfH-hybridizing mRNA species that accumulate in strains derepressed for nitrogen fixation demonstrates that transcription of the anfHDGKorf1orf2 cluster is normally repressed by Mo, V, and NH4+, whereas transcription of the vnfHofFd cluster does not require the presence of V and is repressed only by Mo, but not NH4+. Analysis of the accumulation of mRNAs in a tungsten-tolerant strain revealed that Mo and V repression of anf transcription must occur by different mechanisms. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT MICROBIOL, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 EI 1480-3275 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 38 IS 9 BP 929 EP 936 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA JW648 UT WOS:A1992JW64800008 PM 1281443 ER PT J AU CHEN, J CHANG, CJ JARRET, RL AF CHEN, J CHANG, CJ JARRET, RL TI PLASMIDS FROM XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA STRAINS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; PLASMIDS ID BACTERIA; DISEASE AB Plasmids were observed from three strains of Xylella fastidiosa. A restriction map of a plasmid, pXFPW1 of 1.3 kb, isolated from Xyl. fastidiosa strain PWT-22, causing periwinkle wilt disease, was constructed using EcoRI, HaeIII, HinfI, MspI, StyI, and TaqI fragments. No restriction site for BamHI, BglI, DraI, EcoRV, HindIII, PstI, SalI, NcoI, or XbaI was evident. Studies based on the intensity of ethidium bromide staining indicated that there are at least 60 copies of pXFPW1 per genome. pXFPW1 shares a high degree homology with two other plasmids from strains PD82-21 and mul1, the pathogens of Pierce's disease of grapevine and mulberry leaf scorch disease, respectively. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT INTRODUCT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 38 IS 9 BP 993 EP 995 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA JW648 UT WOS:A1992JW64800019 ER PT J AU XU, A CHUNG, OK PONTE, JG AF XU, A CHUNG, OK PONTE, JG TI BREAD CRUMB AMYLOGRAPH STUDIES .1. EFFECTS OF STORAGE TIME, SHORTENING, FLOUR LIPIDS, AND SURFACTANTS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PASTING PROPERTIES; STARCH; GELATINIZATION; MONOGLYCERIDES; FIRMNESS AB Sodium stearoyl lactylate, sucrose monopalmitate, diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides, monoglycerides, and petroleum ether-extracted flour lipids were added to a bread formula at the 0.5% level to make breads with and without shortening. Bread crumb compressibility was measured after one, two, and five days of storage at room temperature, and the crumbs were then used for amylograph studies. Compressibility increased with storage length and decreased with crumb moisture content and loaf volume. Amylograph readings of breads made with different additives were significantly different. Storage time of the bread did not significantly affect the crumb amylogram readings except, in some breads, the height of the plateau before the viscosity onset. The plateau was formed by progressive lowering of the initial viscosity, presumably caused by amylopectin retrogradation in bread crumb over the storage time. Amylograph readings of bread crumb were significantly correlated with crumb firmness. Storage days, loaf volume, and cooling-end or holding-end viscosity in the crumb amylogram were included in the best-fitting regression equations of crumb firmness. The relation of amylograph readings to crumb compressibility was attributed to effects of lipid materials on both amylograph readings and crumb compressibility. C1 USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RP XU, A (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT GRAIN SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 33 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 69 IS 5 BP 495 EP 501 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JP551 UT WOS:A1992JP55100007 ER PT J AU XU, A PONTE, JG CHUNG, OK AF XU, A PONTE, JG CHUNG, OK TI BREAD CRUMB AMYLOGRAPH STUDIES .2. CAUSE OF UNIQUE PROPERTIES SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMYLOSE-LIPID COMPLEXES; SCREW EXTRUSION COOKING; GELATINIZATION PROPERTIES; STARCH-GELATINIZATION; PASTING PROPERTIES; OAT STARCH; BEHAVIOR; GRANULES AB Amylograms of bread crumb have a bump in the setback stage and sometimes a minor peak before the major peak in the heating stage. In repeated amylograph cycles, bread flour alone showed a bump in both heating and cooling stages. With repeated heating and cooling cycles, bread crumb also showed a second bump in the heating stage. In a bread crumb amylogram, the minor peak temperature was superimposed on the falling edge of the bump in the second heating period, suggesting that they were caused by similar factors. Wheat starch and wheat flour polar lipids were shown to be responsible for bump formation. Viscosity changes indicated by shapes of the bumps were temperature-dependent. Differential scanning calorimetry showed endothermic and exothermic peaks, respectively, upon repeated heating and cooling. Addition of sodium stearoyl lactylate to wheat starch also caused bumps in the amylogram. Complexing of lipids, mainly polar lipids, with solubilized starch molecules, and crystallization of the complex in the cooling stage, as well as melting of the crystals and dissociation of the complex in the heating stage probably caused the changes in viscosity during bump formation. C1 USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. RP XU, A (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT GRAIN SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 69 IS 5 BP 502 EP 507 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JP551 UT WOS:A1992JP55100008 ER PT J AU LEW, EJL KUZMICKY, DD KASARDA, DD AF LEW, EJL KUZMICKY, DD KASARDA, DD TI CHARACTERIZATION OF LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNITS BY REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY, SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE-POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS, AND N-TERMINAL AMINO-ACID SEQUENCING SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-GLIADIN GENES; STORAGE PROTEINS; PROLAMIN GENES; BREAD WHEAT; QUALITY; EVOLUTION; AESTIVUM; LOCUS; CDNA AB Ion-exchange-purified glutenin was prepared from the wheat cultivar Yecora Rojo, and reduced-alkylated protein subunits were purified from the mixture by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. N-terminal amino acid sequencing was performed on the fractions that corresponded to the B-type (mol wt 40,000-50,000) and C-type (mol wt 30,000-4,000) low molecular weight (LMW) glutenin subunits. The main B-type N-terminal sequence (NH2-SeT-His-Ile-Pro-Gly-. . .) lacks cysteine and does not correspond exactly to any known DNA-based sequences for LMW-glutenin subunits. Also present were sequences that showed a close correspondence to those derived from DNA sequences (NH2-Met-Glu-Thr-Ser-Cys-. . .), although the characteristic cysteine was not always present at position 5. C-type N-terminal sequences corresponded mainly to those associated with monomeric alpha-type and gamma-type gliadins. These C-type LMW-glutenin sequences are likely to correspond to mutant forms that have acquired a single additional cysteine residue. They may act to terminate chain extension during formation of glutenin polymers. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 38 TC 170 Z9 192 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 69 IS 5 BP 508 EP 515 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JP551 UT WOS:A1992JP55100009 ER PT J AU WERNER, WE ADALSTEINS, AE KASARDA, DD AF WERNER, WE ADALSTEINS, AE KASARDA, DD TI COMPOSITION OF HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNIT DIMERS FORMED BY PARTIAL REDUCTION OF RESIDUE GLUTENIN SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; STORAGE PROTEINS; ALLELIC VARIATION; DISULFIDE BONDS; GENETICS; FLOUR; ELECTROPHORESIS; GENES; MODEL AB Partial reduction of residue (glutenin) proteins remaining after extraction of flour with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution produced soluble monomers, dimers, and possibly trimers of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and monomers of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits as indicated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The partially reduced proteins were soluble in the dithiothreitol-Tris buffer (pH 8.5), lacking SDS, that was used to reduce the residue proteins. The disulfide-linked subunits in the dimers were analyzed by two-dimensional SDS-PAGE with reducing agent present only in the second dimension. The two-dimensional analyses indicated that pairs consisting of an x-type and a y-type HMW-GS predominated in the dimers produced at low levels of reducing agent (for example, 0.5 mM dithiothreitol). Dimers composed only of x-types were sometimes observed, particularly at higher levels of reducing agent. No dimers combining only y-type HMW-GS were noted. The faster SDS-PAGE mobilities of y-type monomers relative to the mobilities of the equivalent, completely reduced forms indicated a more compact structure for the partially reduced forms, presumably due to the presence of at least one intramolecular disulfide bond. The intramolecular disulfide bonds of the y-type HMW-GS monomers and the combinations of HMW-GS in the dimers of HMW-GS are likely to reflect arrangements found in native glutenin. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 69 IS 5 BP 535 EP 541 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JP551 UT WOS:A1992JP55100013 ER PT J AU DINTZIS, FR LEHRFELD, J NELSEN, TC FINNEY, PL AF DINTZIS, FR LEHRFELD, J NELSEN, TC FINNEY, PL TI PHYTATE CONTENT OF SOFT WHEAT BRANS AS RELATED TO KERNEL SIZE, CULTIVAR, LOCATION, AND MILLING AND FLOUR QUALITY PARAMETERS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHYTIC ACID; WINTER-WHEAT; ENVIRONMENT; ABSORPTION; ZINC; PROTEIN; BARLEY; GRAIN; IRON AB The phytate content of wheat bran is of interest because bran, an important dietary fiber source, contains significant amounts of phytate, which has been reported to impair mineral retention under certain dietary circumstances. The purposes of this study were to examine the phytate content of brans from soft wheat cultivars as influenced by kernel size and growing location and to determine whether any relationships existed between phytate content and flour and milling quality parameters. The influence of kernel size upon bran phytate content was determined in six soft wheat cultivars. The phytate content was significantly greater (12-24%) in bran obtained from the larger kernels in three of the six cultivars. Phytate content of the brans from 15 soft wheat cultivars grown at three different locations during the same crop year was influenced strongly by environmental factors. For these cultivars, the phytate content of the bran was significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with the milling parameters percent flour extraction, endosperm separation index, and friability (r = 0.53, -0.41, and 0.47, respectively). These correlations suggest that endosperm is more easily separated from bran and reduced to flour when it is from soft wheats in which the bran phytate content is greater. The rankings of bran phytate content and milling and flour quality parameters were highly variable across cultivars and growing locations. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OARDC,USDA,SOFT WHEAT QUAL LAB,WOOSTER,OH 44619. RP DINTZIS, FR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 69 IS 5 BP 577 EP 581 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JP551 UT WOS:A1992JP55100021 ER PT J AU WHARTON, RA SHAW, SR SHARKEY, MJ WAHL, DB WOOLLEY, JB WHITFIELD, JB MARSH, PM JOHNSON, W AF WHARTON, RA SHAW, SR SHARKEY, MJ WAHL, DB WOOLLEY, JB WHITFIELD, JB MARSH, PM JOHNSON, W TI PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY BRACONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA, ICHNEUMONOIDEA) - A REASSESSMENT SO CLADISTICS LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY; OUTGROUP ANALYSIS; PARSIMONY C1 UNIV WYOMING, DEPT PLANT SOIL & INSECT SCI, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA. AGR CANADA, BIOSYSTEMAT RES CTR, OTTAWA K1A 0C6, ONTARIO, CANADA. AMER ENTOMOL INST, GAINESVILLE, FL 32608 USA. UNIV MISSOURI, DEPT BIOL, ST LOUIS, MO 63121 USA. NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST, USDA, SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. RP WHARTON, RA (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST, DEPT ENTOMOL, COLL STN, TX 77843 USA. NR 96 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0748-3007 EI 1096-0031 J9 CLADISTICS JI Cladistics PD SEP PY 1992 VL 8 IS 3 BP 199 EP 235 DI 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1992.tb00068.x PG 37 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA KK990 UT WOS:A1992KK99000001 ER PT J AU GORDON, RD PITTINO, R AF GORDON, RD PITTINO, R TI CURRENT STATUS OF THE AMERICAN GENERA AND SPECIES OF PSAMMODIINI (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE, APHODIINAE) SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Recent changes in the generic classification of Psamodiini are summarized, new genera are described, and a key to the 14 American genera is provided. Psammodius grundeli Van Dyke is placed as a junior synonym of Platytomus tibialis (L.). Leiopsammodius aenictus (Cartwright), L. armaticeps (Fall), L. atopus (Cartwright), L. bidens (Horn), L. brunneus (Balthasar), L. cameneni (Chalumeau). L. chipiririi (Cartwright), L. cruentus (Harold), L. decuiella (Chalumeau), L. fimbriatus (Cartwright). L. formosus (Cartwright), L. insulcatus (Schmidt), L. integer (Bates), and L. mapirii (Cartwright) are transferred to Odontopsammodius, new genus. Leiopsammodius hydropicus (Horn) and Psammodius relictillus Deyrup and Woodruff are transferred to Geopsammodius, new genus. Leiopsammodius indefensus (Schmidt) is transferred to Psammodius. Rhyssemus minutus Petrovitz, and R. mimicus are transferred to Afrodiastictus Pittino and Mariani; and Rhyssemus beccarii Balthasar, R. intrinsecus Gordon and Cartwright, R. lineatus Gordon and Cartwright, and R. quinquecostatus Schmidt are assigned to Neorhyssemus, new genus. RP GORDON, RD (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI NATCHEZ PA P.O. BOX 767, NATCHEZ, MS 39121 SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 46 IS 3 BP 260 EP 273 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JP034 UT WOS:A1992JP03400008 ER PT J AU ROSEBROUGH, RW MCMURTRY, JP AF ROSEBROUGH, RW MCMURTRY, JP TI INSULIN, GLUCAGON AND CATECHOLAMINE INTERACTIONS IN AVIAN LIVER EXPLANTS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INCREASING DIETARY ENERGY; HEPATIC LIPOGENESIS; CHICKEN GLUCAGON; GROWING CHICKS; SUPPLEMENTATION; LIPOLYSIS; SEQUENCE AB 1. A mechanical tissue chopper was used to obtain liver explants (35 75 mg) from 2- to 3-week-old chickens to determine both tissue sensitivity and metabolic effects of isoproterenol, avian insulin and glucagon. 2. Avian insulin had no effect on lipogenesis; however, lipogenesis was decreased by dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Insulin did not overcome a decrease in lipogenesis caused by catecholamines. Therefore, this control mechanism is not modulated by insulin. 3. Preincubation in the presence of glucagon decreased in vitro lipogenesis. Preincubation in the presence of a 19 29 amino acid construct that approximated the radioimmune site for glucagon did not result in a similar effect. Therefore, this site does not relate to the biopotency of the hormone. 4. A previously noted catecholamine induced decrease in in vitro lipogenesis was verified, showing that points of in vitro regulation are under phosphorylation-dephosphorylation control. 5. Preincubation of slices (I hr) with propranolol blocked the inhibition of lipogenesis caused by alpha and beta-adrenergic agonists (arterenol or isoproterenol) during a subsequent 2-hr incubation. 6. Preincubation of slices with either of these agonists decreased lipogenesis even following an extensive washout. 7. Inhibition could be overcome with propranolol, a beta-adrenergic antagonist. RP ROSEBROUGH, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 103 IS 1 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90445-W PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA JM321 UT WOS:A1992JM32100042 ER PT J AU SIDERS, W RUE, M AF SIDERS, W RUE, M TI REULEAUX TRIANGLE SOMATOCHARTS SO COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE SOMATOTYPE; SOMATOCHART AB The three-numeral somatotype index to quantitatively represent human body type has gained general acceptance since being proposed in 1940. The two-dimensional Reuleaux triangle somatochart has been a customary format for graphically representing three-dimensional somatotype data. This paper presents the traditional, quick plot somatochart, the rationale for development of the Heath-Carter 1980 somatochart with scaled axes and, based on that rationale, a proposal for a somatochart utilizing a traditional x, y-coordinate axis system. Two completed somatocharts are presented; one showing mean somatotypes of collegiate rugby, football and soccer players, and another depicting phenotypic changes in somatotype after diet and exercise. RP SIDERS, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0010-4825 J9 COMPUT BIOL MED JI Comput. Biol. Med. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 5 BP 363 EP 368 DI 10.1016/0010-4825(92)90024-H PG 6 WC Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA JU252 UT WOS:A1992JU25200006 PM 1424581 ER PT J AU SALWASSER, H AF SALWASSER, H TI FROM NEW PERSPECTIVES TO ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article RP SALWASSER, H (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,14TH & INDEPENDENCE,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 6 IS 3 BP 469 EP 472 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1992.06030469.x PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JM322 UT WOS:A1992JM32200024 ER PT J AU DEVINE, TE AF DEVINE, TE TI SYMPOSIUM ON CROP GENOME MAPPING - FOREWORD SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material RP DEVINE, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILL AGR RES CTR W,PLANNING COMMITTEE,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1085 EP 1085 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800001 ER PT J AU SHOEMAKER, RC GUFFY, RD LORENZEN, LL SPECHT, JE AF SHOEMAKER, RC GUFFY, RD LORENZEN, LL SPECHT, JE TI MOLECULAR GENETIC-MAPPING OF SOYBEAN - MAP UTILIZATION SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; GENUS GLYCINE; SUBGENUS SOJA; L MERR; MARKER AB Studies were conducted to (i) identify molecular probes that have a high probability of detecting polymorphisms among soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes, (ii) determine the potential for analyzing genome structure using a molecular genetic map, and (iii) demonstrate the feasibility of a molecular pedigree analysis using mapped RFLP markers. Genomic DNA of 51 genotypes representing U.S. midwestern soybean germplasm was digested with the restriction enzymes HindIII, Dral, EcoRI, EcoRV, and TaqI. A random sample of 32 probes detected polymorphisms between paired comparisons of the 51 genotypes with a frequency from 0 to 72%. On average, no enzyme was strikingly better than any other for detecting polymorphisms. Homeologous chromosomal segments were detected, although they were clearly only remnants with recombination distance disparities and many rearrangements. The soybean genome, if indeed an ancient tetraploid, appears to be highly shuffled or diploidized. RFLP data were compared with the pedigrees of the cultivars Harosoy, Corsoy, Williams, and Clark, using from 58 to 105 mapped markers. Markers on Linkage Groups A and E were analyzed in detail to determine the map positions of polymorphisms and to identify chromosomal segments involved in cultivar development. The polymorphism percentage as detected by molecular markers coincided with genetic distance expectations based on pedigrees. These studies have demonstrated that probe-enzyme combinations can be identified that will be applicable to discerning differences among a broad range of genotypes. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that a detailed RFLP map can be used to increase our understanding of genome evolution and genome structure and, when combined with pedigrees, can be used to determine the ancestral sources of markers in a given cultivar's genome. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP SHOEMAKER, RC (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS UNIT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 23 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1091 EP 1098 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800003 ER PT J AU AMBERGER, LA PALMER, RG SHOEMAKER, RC AF AMBERGER, LA PALMER, RG SHOEMAKER, RC TI ANALYSIS OF CULTURE-INDUCED VARIATION IN SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOMACLONAL VARIATION; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; COTYLEDONARY NODE; TISSUE-CULTURE; CELL-CULTURES; PLANTS; RESISTANCE; REGENERATION AB Genetic variation among culture-regenerated crop plants can be a source of novel and desirable genetic diversity, or it can be a source of detrimental and agronomically unfavorable phenotypic variability. The objectives of this research were to determine the frequency and types of somaclonal variants obtained from culture regenerated soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Four hundred seventy-five plants were regenerated from nine soybean cultivars via direct somatic embryogenesis from cotyledons of immature zygotic embroyos. Their R1, R2, and R3 progeny were scored for qualitative variation and inheritance of variant phenotypes. In each generation, sufficient numbers of progeny from R0, R1, and R2 plants were grown to ensure a 95% probability of recovering a homozygous recessive phenotype, assuming single-gene inheritance. Phenotypic variation was observed in the R0, R1, R2, and R3 generations. Variant phenotypes included partial sterility (R0, R1, R2), complete sterility (R0), abnormal leaf morphology (R0, R1, R2, R3), chlorophyll chimeras (R2, R3), chlorophyll-deficiencies (R2, R3), changes in growth habit (R2, R3), yellow edges on cotyledons (R3), no unifoliates (R3), dwarf plants (R2), yellow-green plants (R3), and isozyme variants (R2). Inheritance studies of chlorophyll-deficient, curled leaf, and wrinkled leaf plants confirmed that these traits were genetically controlled. Segregation for genetically controlled traits initially was observed in the R2 generation. This study produced variant phenotypes not previously reported that have potential for contributing to the understanding of the soybean genome. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL GENET,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1103 EP 1108 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800005 ER PT J AU BREGITZER, P AF BREGITZER, P TI PLANT-REGENERATION AND CALLUS TYPE IN BARLEY - EFFECTS OF GENOTYPE AND CULTURE-MEDIUM SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HORDEUM-VULGARE-L; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; ANTHER CULTURE; EXPLANTS; DIFFERENTIATION; PROTOPLASTS AB To facilitate practical application of in vitro genetic manipulation to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), methods for the in vitro culture of barley must be improved. Fifteen genotypes of barley, primarily cultivars or elite breeding lines adapted to North America, were examined for their ability to form regenerable callus from immature embryos on modified versions of MS, BS, and CC media. Regenerable calli were obtained from all genotypes. The frequency of embryogenic callus induction, the morphology and friability of embryogenic calli, the relative growth rate of embryogenic calli, and regenerability were influenced by genotype, culture medium, and genotype X culture medium interactions. Callus cultures that were embryogenic in appearance frequently were not regenerable, or regenerated only albino plantlets. The majority of green plants grown to maturity were fertile and normal in appearance. Genotype was the most important determinant of the in vitro response. Regenerability was transient for all genotypes, with few exceptions. The best in vitro performance, based on ability to form friable, regenerable callus, was observed for 'Golden Promise', 'Hector', 'Piroline', and 'Klages'. RP BREGITZER, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 22 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1108 EP 1112 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800006 ER PT J AU AKIN, DE HARTLEY, RD AF AKIN, DE HARTLEY, RD TI MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY AND DIGESTIBILITY OF ALKALI-TREATED WALLS IN BERMUDAGRASS CELL-TYPES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHENOLIC ARABINOXYLANS; LOLIUM-MULTIFLORUM; GRAMINEOUS PLANTS; CYNODON-DACTYLON; DIFERULIC ACID; PARA-COUMAROYL; CROSS-LINKING; LIGNIN; CONSTITUENTS; RUMEN AB Phenolic compounds within plant cell walls reduce forage quality, but information on the site and type of these compounds is needed to determine precise mechanisms influencing forage digestibility. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the loss of phenolic compounds from walls of various cell types after treatment with NaOH using microspectrophotometry and to relate this loss to digestibility by rumen microorganisms. Cell walls of 'Coastal' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] leaf-blade sections were untreated or treated successively with 0.1 M and 1.0 M NaOH to release phenolic acids. Sections were then digested in vitro with rumen fluid. Walls of parenchyma bundle sheath, sclerenchyma, and mestome sheath from undegraded sections were examined by ultraviolet (UV) absorption microspectrophotometry and evaluated with histochemical stains for phenolics. Walls of untreated parenchyma bundle sheaths gave UV absorption spectra similar to p-coumaroyl or feruloyl arabinoxylo-trisaccharides, and the absorption was low after 0.1 M NaOH treatment and essentially absent after 1.0 M NaOH treatment. A crude estimation of ferulic acid equivalents was calculated from Beer's Law assuming that all absorbance in parenchyma bundle sheath was due to p-coumaroyl or feruloyl groups. Sclerenchyma and mestome sheath walls contained esterified and/or etherified p-coumaric and/or ferulic acids and a relatively high proportion of lignin (i.e., condensed phenolic polymers). Cell walls appeared to be substantially distorted and partially degraded after 0.1 M NaOH treatment; digestion of walls treated with 1.0 M NaOH resulted in mostly unrecognizable residues. Absorption maxima were still present in undegraded mestome walls after 1.0 M NaOH treatment. Microspectrophotometry of alkali-treated walls indicated that p-coumaroyl and feruloyl groups appeared to be mostly responsible for limiting digestion in certain cell types (e.g., parenchyma bundle sheath), while the more refractory walls (e.g., mestome sheath) contained esterified and/or etherified p-coumaric and ferulic acid and more recalcitrant aromatic compounds. RP USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1116 EP 1122 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800008 ER PT J AU BERG, CC SHERWOOD, RT HILL, RR AF BERG, CC SHERWOOD, RT HILL, RR TI INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO STAGONOSPORA LEAF-SPOT IN A DIALLEL CROSS OF ORCHARDGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA; ARENARIA; ANATOMY AB Purple leaf spot of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) caused by Stagonospora arenaria (Sacc.) Sacc. is prevalent and damaging in the northeastern USA. Most plants in existing cultivars are moderately to highly susceptible, but an occasional plant is resistant. This study was undertaken to examine the inheritance of resistance in a 10-parent diallel cross involving five susceptible and five resistant parent plants selected from cycles 0 to 3 of a program on phenotypic recurrent selection for resistance. Parents, F1 single-cross progeny, and their reciprocals were rated for lesion size and leaf coverage in two greenhouse inoculation experiments and during two natural epidemics in a field planting. A least squares analysis for a general diallel showed significant effects for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for lesion size and leaf coverage. Sums of squares for GCA were > 10 times larger than those for SCA indicating that additive genes were the major genetic component of resistance, but that nonadditive effects were also involved. Disease scores (high scores indicated susceptibility) of progeny from crosses of susceptible x susceptible, resistant x susceptible, or resistant X resistant parents were often greater than the midparent mean scores suggesting that there was some nonadditive dominance for susceptibility. Small, but significant, maternal effects were detected in the greenhouse experiments, and small reciprocal effects other than maternal effects were detected in the field. Two parents showed high susceptibility in the greenhouse, but intermediate susceptibility in the field. The GCA effects of these two parents were strong in the greenhouse, but weak or nonsignificant in the field indicating that these two parents and their progeny were environmentally unstable for resistance. Recurrent selection procedures that utilize additive effects would be the logical approach to developing resistant lines. RP BERG, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1123 EP 1126 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800009 ER PT J AU NIELSEN, MT SEVERSON, RF AF NIELSEN, MT SEVERSON, RF TI INHERITANCE OF A DITERPENE CONSTITUENT IN TOBACCO TRICHOME EXUDATE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SECRETING GLANDULAR TRICHOMES; COMPONENTS; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Altering the levels of alpha- and beta-duvatrienediols (DVTs), diterpene constituents of trichome exudate, could enhance pest resistance and organoleptic properties of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). A field study was conducted in 1990 and 1991 to determine the inheritance of DVTs in three tobacco genotypes varying in DVT concentration. KDH 959, which has very low levels of DVTs, was used as a parent in crosses to 'KY 14', TI 1068, and KDH 960. The parents, F1's, and segregating generations from these three crosses were grown in the field. Either DVT concentration or presence of DVTs on the leaf surface was determined using gas chromatography or thin layer chromatography. Results indicated qualitative and quantitative components of DVT inheritance. Segregation ratios suggested that KY 14 and KDH 960 each have a single gene controlling DVT production, but the available F2 data from the cross involving TI 1068 did not fit the expected ratio for a single gene. Broad-sense heritability estimates for the concentration of DVTs were 0.69 for the two crosses involving KY 14 and KDH 960 and 0.38 for the T.I. 1068 cross. These results suggest that selection for DVT concentration would be effective and may be an indirect means to alter pest resistance, flavor, and aroma of tobacco. C1 USDA ARS,PHYTOCHEM RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP NIELSEN, MT (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1148 EP 1150 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800016 ER PT J AU PEDERSON, GA WINDHAM, GL AF PEDERSON, GA WINDHAM, GL TI DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF RESISTANCE IN WHITE CLOVER TO SOUTHERN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; TRIFOLIUM AB Persistence of white clover, Trifolium repens L., is reduced in areas infested with the southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, in the southern USA. Little information is available on the resistance of white clover to M. incognita. This study was conducted to determine the relative importance of general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability, and maternal and nonmaternal reciprocal effects on resistance to M. incognita in selected white clover plants. Three M. incognita-resistant and three susceptible white clover plants were used as parents in a diallel cross. Progeny from 30 F1 crosses, including reciprocals, and 'Regal' white clover (a susceptible cultivar) were evaluated under greenhouse conditions for reaction to inoculation with 1500 M. incognita (Race 4) eggs per plant. Nine weeks after inoculation, the roots were washed and scored on a 0 to 5 scale for egg mass index (EI; 0 = no egg masses, 5 = > 100 egg masses) and for percent of the root system galled (PRSG; 0 = no galls, 5 = 91 to 100% galled). Six crosses had EI scores lower than Regal, and nine crosses had PRSG scores lower than Regal. A cross of resistant parents, ND 2 x ND 3, had the lowest EI (2.3) and PRSG (1.1) scores. Both GCA and SCA were significant sources of variation for both EI and PRSG. The GCA effects were more important than SCA effects for both traits. No maternal or nonmaternal reciprocal effects were observed for EI and PRSG. Resistant parents ND 1 and ND 3 produced progeny with the least M. incognita reproduction and galling. No crosses were observed that performed significantly better than expected from the GCA effects of the parents, though two crosses performed worse than expected. Resistance to M. incognita reproduction and root galling in these and other lines are being used to develop nematode resistant white clover. RP PEDERSON, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1160 EP 1162 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800019 ER PT J AU WIDSTROM, NW WILLIAMS, WP WISEMAN, BR DAVIS, FM AF WIDSTROM, NW WILLIAMS, WP WISEMAN, BR DAVIS, FM TI RECURRENT SELECTION FOR RESISTANCE TO LEAF FEEDING BY FALL ARMYWORM ON MAIZE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GERMPLASM LINES; REGISTRATION; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; CORN AB Populations and inbreds of maize, Zea mays L., with effective levels of resistance to damage by fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), are needed to transfer resistance to commercial hybrids for the U.S. Southeast. Recurrent S1 selection for resistance to leaf feeding by larvae of fall armyworm was conducted with an exotic maize synthetic, FAW-CC. Our objectives were to estimate genetic variances, heritabilities, and genetic gain and to evaluate effectiveness of selection by comparing predicted and realized progress after five cycles of selection. Variance components and heritabilities were estimated from the S1 progeny performance tests for each cycle of selection, and progress was determined from a replicated evaluation of populations per se that were generated by recombinations from each selection cycle. Estimates of genetic variance for resistance to leaf feeding, evaluated on a rating scale of 0 to 9 (0 = no damage, 9 = all leaves destroyed), were significant for all but the S1 progenies in the C1 generation. Significant genotype x location interactions also occurred among S1 progenies. Heritability estimates were significant (range = 0.45-0.77) for all but the C1 cycle S1s, and selection gains were about two-thirds as large as predicted from estimated parameters. The regression of leaf-damage rating on selection cycles gave a significant b value of - 0.31 units per cycle of selection. Advanced cycles of FAW-CC should be good sources of inbreds with intermediate to high levels of resistance to leaf feeding by larvae of the fall armyworm. C1 USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP WIDSTROM, NW (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1171 EP 1174 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800021 ER PT J AU BRUCKNER, PL FINNEY, PL AF BRUCKNER, PL FINNEY, PL TI MILLING AND BAKING QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF SOFT RED WINTER-WHEAT BULK POPULATIONS AND DERIVED LINES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENT; SELECTION AB Little information is available concerning relationships between milling and baking quality of soft red winter (SRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bulk populations and quality of lines derived in subsequent generations. Experiments were conducted to determine if quality evaluation of F4 bulk populations could provide useful information on quality potential of F5 lines. This would allow SRW wheat breeders using bulk systems of generation advance to develop appropriate selection strategies. Fifty-eight F4 SRW wheat bulk populations were grown at Plains, GA, in 1988-1989. Milling and baking quality of each population was evaluated at the USDA-ARS Soft Wheat Quality Laboratory. Random F4:5 headrows from eight populations with diverse F4 bulk quality characteristics were grown in 1989-1990 at Tifton, GA, and similarly evaluated for milling and baking quality. Except for flour protein concentration, quality attributes of F4 bulk populations were significantly correlated with means of F5 lines derived from each population. Bulk populations with quality deficiencies produced higher proportions of lines with similar quality deficiencies. Higher proportions of lines with adequate and superior quality were identified in progenies of bulk populations having good quality. Milling and baking qualities of F5 lines derived from populations with only 50% SRW wheat parentage were more variable and less predictable based on F4 bulk evaluation than quality of F5 lines derived from populations of 100% SRW wheat parentage. Milling and baking quality of F4 bulk populations was indicative of the quality and potential of F5 lines derived from each bulk. Bulk evaluation could be used to cull low-quality-potential populations before line derivation. C1 USDA ARS,SOFT WHEAT QUAL LAB,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP BRUCKNER, PL (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59715, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1174 EP 1179 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800022 ER PT J AU WILCOX, JR KOLLER, HR AF WILCOX, JR KOLLER, HR TI PERFORMANCE OF CHLOROPHYLL-DEFICIENT AND NORMAL NEAR-ISOLINES OF 2 SOYBEAN CULTIVARS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; MUTANT AB Laves of soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] seedlings heterozygous at the y11 locus contain less chlorophyll, but have net CO2 assimilation rates equal to rates of normal green leaves when grown at relatively low irradiance in growth chambers. The y11 allele is lethal in the homozygous condition and plants with this genotype die at the unifoliolate or first trifoliolate stage of development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of the y11 allele on agronomic and physiological characteristics of isolines of two soybean cultivars when grown in the field under normal production conditions. Normal and light green near-isolines were developed by backcrossing the y11 allele into the cultivars Century and Hobbit. Traits were evaluated in 10-replicate tests for a 3-yr period in the field at West Lafayette, IN. Chlorophyll concentration in leaves of the light green isolines averaged 67% of that of normal isolines at the pod-fill stage of growth. Normal isolines averaged 20% taller at maturity and produced 22% greater yields than light green isolines. Yield reductions of the light green isolines were due primarily to fewer seeds per unit area in 2 yr with typical rainfall patterns. In a very dry year, yield reductions of the light green isolines were due to reductions in both seed number and seed size. Changes in frequency of the y11 allele were observed during four successive generations when the isolines were grown in competition with each other. The light green isolines averaged 70% of the reproductive efficiency of the normal green isolines in these competitive tests. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP WILCOX, JR (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1179 EP 1183 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800023 ER PT J AU ELDEN, TC LAMBERT, L AF ELDEN, TC LAMBERT, L TI MECHANISMS OF POTATO LEAFHOPPER RESISTANCE IN SOYBEAN LINES ISOGENIC FOR PUBESCENCE TYPE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REGISTRATION; HOMOPTERA AB Seldom is the potato leafhopper (PLH) [Empoasca fabae (Harris)] a problem on the pubescent soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.) cultivars that currently dominate U.S. production. The questions remain, however, whether a higher level of resistance is needed and if alternative mechanisms of resistance are available to combat this potential insect pest. The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of soybean lines isogenic for pubescence types on PLH feeding damage and oviposition and to determine if the mechanisms of resistance in foliar-feeding insect resistant breeding lines are effective against the PLH. Soybean lines isogenic for dense, normal, and glabrous pubescence, developed from the genotypes 'Davis', 'Tracy-M', and D75-10169 were subjected to free-choice and no-choice laboratory studies to identify specific mechanisms of PLH resistance. The normal and dense pubescent isolines caused a significant reduction in feeding damage, oviposition, and subsequent nymphal populations when compared to glabrous isolines. Dense pubescence resulted in an additional significant reduction in feeding damage and a significant increase in adult mortality. Results indicate that normal pubescence, similar to that found in most soybean cultivars grown in the USA, provides a high level of resistance to the PLH. Besides mechanisms of resistance due to pubescence, this study also identified PLH feeding and oviposition nonpreference types of resistance, not associated with pubescence, in the breeding line D75-10169, a genotype breed for resistance to foliar feeding insects. C1 USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP ELDEN, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1187 EP 1191 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800025 ER PT J AU AYISI, KK PUTNAM, DH VANCE, CP GRAHAM, PH AF AYISI, KK PUTNAM, DH VANCE, CP GRAHAM, PH TI DINITROGEN FIXATION, NITROGEN AND DRY-MATTER ACCUMULATION, AND NODULATION IN WHITE LUPINE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RHIZOBIUM STRAIN IDENTIFICATION; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; YIELD COMPONENTS; ACETYLENE; REDUCTION; NODULES; CROP AB Timing of N uptake and N2 fixation may be important determinants of yield and seed N concentration in spring sown white lupine (lupinus albus L.). This study was initiated to determine N2 fixation, N and dry matter (DM) accumulation and distribution patterns, and nodulation as influenced by Bradyrhizobium sp. (lupinus) inoculation and N fertilizer. Inoculum strains WU425 and 96B15 were combined in a 1:1 cell ratio in inoculated plots and compared with noninoculated controls at 0, 56, 112, and 168 kg N ha-1 under irrigation on a loamy sand (Udorthentic Haploboroll) in 1989 and 1990. Control plots were maintained nodule-free. Bradyrhizobium strains persisted in this environment, and applied strains nodulated the tap root primarily. Increased total DM and N yield due to inoculation was first observed 42 days after emergence (DAE), and by 84 DAE, was more than twofold that of uninoculated 0-N controls in both years. Dinitrogen fixation, estimated by the difference method, was insignificant before flowering but totalled 157 kg N ha-1 and 196 kg N ha-1 by 84 DAE in 1989 and 1990, respectively. Inoculation or N fertilizer did not influence distribution of dry matter among plant parts. Previously observed enhancement of seed protein concentration due to inoculation was probably due to increased total plant N supply late in the season, not to more efficient mobilization of N to seed in inoculated plants. Supplemental N fertilizer suppressed nodulation and N2 fixation and did not improve early growth. These results indicate that spring-planted white lupine in effective symbiosis with bradyrhizobia are not normally N-limited at any time during growth under most conditions. C1 USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,411 BORLAUG HALL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1197 EP 1202 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800027 ER PT J AU CALLAHAN, FE DAVIS, FM WILLIAMS, WP AF CALLAHAN, FE DAVIS, FM WILLIAMS, WP TI STEADY-STATE POLYPEPTIDE PROFILES OF WHORL TISSUE FROM LEPIDOPTERA-RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE CORN INBRED LINES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; LEAF-FEEDING RESISTANCE; BORER LEPIDOPTERA; GERMPLASM LINE; REGISTRATION; MAIZE; MECHANISMS; PYRALIDAE; NOCTUIDAE; PROTEINS AB Breeding lines of corn (Zea mays L.) with resistance to the south-western corn borer (Diatraea grandiosella Dyar) and fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)] have been developed, yet the underlying mechanisms of the resistance have not been fully elucidated. Our objective was to determine whether qualitative differences exist in polypeptide profiles of whorl tissue from leaf-feeding-resistant inbreds (Mp708, Mp707, Mp704, and Mp496) vs. several leaf-feeding-susceptible inbreds (Tx601, Ab24E, GT106, and SC229). Preliminary greenhouse studies demonstrated that the validity of such comparisons required strict matching of tissue samples for overall chlorophyll content due to shading within the whorl. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of total protein extracts from tissue of field-grown plants identified two polypeptides (36 and 21 kDa) whose presence in combination was predictive of resistance. The various susceptible inbreds contained either one or the other of the polypeptides but not both. Further work, comparing the segregation of these two polypeptides with resistance levels in progeny from crosses of resistant and susceptible inbreds, will be required to determine whether they will be generally useful as markers for this source of pest resistance. RP CALLAHAN, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,CORN HOST PLANT RESISTANCE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1203 EP 1207 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800028 ER PT J AU SINCLAIR, TR HINSON, K AF SINCLAIR, TR HINSON, K TI SOYBEAN FLOWERING IN RESPONSE TO THE LONG-JUVENILE TRAIT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOTOPERIOD; DATE AB A long-juvenile trait that delays flowering has been identified in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.l. This trait may be especially important in extending the range of adaptation of soybean germplasm to lower latitudes and to new management schemes with shifted sowing dates. These studies were undertaken to characterize more fully the physiological consequences of the long-juvenile trait. Isogenic pairs were developed and subjected to three experimental tests: (i) sowing date response, (ii) extended photoperiod response, and (iii) reciprocal grafts. Analysis of the flowering response under a range of sowing dates showed that the main effect of the long-juvenile trait was to retard the overall development of the plants toward flowering. Even though the long-juvenile trait tended to stimulate flowering at longer photoperiods than the normal isoline, the slower development associated with the long-juvenile trait delayed the mean flowering date by 7 to 19 d for the 15 isogenic pairs studied. Experiments under a 15-h photoperiod confirmed that development rate towards flowering of the long-juvenile isolines declined less than that of normal lines. The threshold illuminance for responding to the extended photoperiod was also significantly greater in the long-juvenile isolines compared with the normal lines. Reciprocal grafts showed that the relative number of long-juvenile leaves on a plant was associated with the delay in flowering. Since the long-juvenile leaves altered flowering in the normal part of the grafted plant, expression of the long-juvenile trait is apparently associated with a translocatable material. RP SINCLAIR, TR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1242 EP 1248 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800035 ER PT J AU WILCOX, JR CAVINS, JF AF WILCOX, JR CAVINS, JF TI NORMAL AND LOW LINOLENIC ACID SOYBEAN STRAINS - RESPONSE TO PLANTING DATE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OIL; REGISTRATION AB Enzymes controlling biosynthesis of fatty acids in the oil of soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] seeds are sensitive to temperature during the time of oil deposition. Soybean strains have been developed with low levels of linolenic acid (18:3) in an effort to improve oil flavor and stability. This study was conducted to determine the response of fatty acid composition in normal and low linolenic acid soybean strains to planting date, a production variable that may result in different temperatures during oil deposition. 'Century', C1640, and 9509 (three genotypes differing in linolenic acid due to alleles at the fan locus) were planted at four or five dates in each of 5 yr near West Lafayette, IN. Dates when 95% of the pods were mature and the fatty acid composition of the oil were determined for each plot. Fatty acid composition was not affected by planting date in either 1986 or 1990. In 1987 and 1988, levels of palmitic acid tended to decrease slightly and levels of stearic acid tended to increase slightly with successively later planting dates. From 1987 through 1989, linolenic acid was affected more than the other fatty acids by planting date. Regression of linolenic acid content on average maximum daily air temperature from 0 to 20 d prior to maturity demonstrated that 18:3 decreased 4.9 and 3.0 g kg-1 for each 1-degrees-C increase in temperature for Century and C1640, respectively. The data demonstrate that late planting in Indiana should not result in substantially increased levels of linolenic acid in strains containing the fan allele. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP WILCOX, JR (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 13 TC 30 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1248 EP 1251 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800036 ER PT J AU SINCLAIR, TR SHIRAIWA, T HAMMER, GL AF SINCLAIR, TR SHIRAIWA, T HAMMER, GL TI VARIATION IN CROP RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY WITH INCREASED DIFFUSE-RADIATION SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; INTERCEPTION; TEMPERATURE; STAND AB Radiation-use efficiency (RUE; grams of biomass accumulated, divided by total solar radiation intercepted) has proven to be a useful variable for quantifying biomass accumulation by crops. Experimental results and theoretical analysis indicate that differences in RUE exist among species, but that RUE for unstressed conditions is relatively stable within a species. A departure from the general conclusion is that high values of RUE have been reported for conditions where the diffuse proportion of the total radiation is commonly large (e.g., glasshouse-grown plants). In this paper, a simple theoretical derivation of RUE was examined to quantify potential responses in RUE to variation in the fraction of diffuse radiation. To simulate natural conditions, the absolute amount of incident diffuse radiation was held constant and the amount of the direct radiation component was varied so that both the fraction of diffuse radiation and total radiation were varied. The estimates of RUE for soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] and maize (Zea mays L.) increased as the fraction of diffuse radiation increased and the total radiation decreased. These results indicate that plants grown in glasshouses or in other locations with large fractions of diffuse radiation are likely to have greater radiation-use efficiency than observed under primarily direct radiation. C1 SHIGA PREFECTURAL JNR COLL,SHIGA 525,JAPAN. QUEENSLAND DEPT PRIMARY IND,TOOWOOMBA,AUSTRALIA. RP SINCLAIR, TR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. RI Hammer, Graeme/A-3785-2008 OI Hammer, Graeme/0000-0002-1180-7374 NR 10 TC 92 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 16 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1281 EP 1284 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800042 ER PT J AU TURCOTTE, EL PERCY, RG FEASTER, CV AF TURCOTTE, EL PERCY, RG FEASTER, CV TI REGISTRATION OF PIMA S-7 AMERICAN PIMA COTTON SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 SUPIMA ASSOC AMER,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP TURCOTTE, EL (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,MARICOPA AGR CTR,USDA ARS,37860 W SMITH ENKE RD,MARICOPA,AZ 85239, USA. NR 4 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1291 EP 1291 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800046 ER PT J AU OARD, JH HU, J RUTGER, JN AF OARD, JH HU, J RUTGER, JN TI REGISTRATION OF ST25H AND ST25M MALE-STERILE GERMPLASM LINES OF RICE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VEGETABLE CROPS,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP OARD, JH (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1296 EP 1297 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800054 ER PT J AU SCOTT, GE ZUMMO, N AF SCOTT, GE ZUMMO, N TI REGISTRATION OF MP420 GERMPLASM LINE OF MAIZE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; KERNEL INFECTION; FIELD RP SCOTT, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,POB 5248,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 4 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1296 EP 1296 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800053 ER PT J AU LEWELLEN, RT TEMPLE, SR AF LEWELLEN, RT TEMPLE, SR TI REGISTRATION OF C31-43 AND C31-89 BEET YELLOWS VIRUS RESISTANT GERMPLASM OF SUGAR-BEET SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,AGR EXPT STN,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP LEWELLEN, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,US AGR RES STN,SALINAS,CA 93905, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1297 EP 1297 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800055 ER PT J AU MILLER, JF AF MILLER, JF TI REGISTRATION OF 5 OILSEED SUNFLOWER GERMPLASM RESTORER LINES (RHA-373 TO RHA-377) AND 2 NUCLEAR MALE-STERILE POPULATIONS (NMS-274 AND NMS-801) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP MILLER, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58102, USA. NR 1 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1298 EP 1298 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800056 ER PT J AU HECKER, RJ LASA, JM AF HECKER, RJ LASA, JM TI REGISTRATION OF FC401, FC402, AND FC403, 3 SUGAR-BEET PARENTAL LINES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 CSIC,ESTAC EXPTL AULA DEI,ZARAGOZA,SPAIN. RP HECKER, RJ (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1299 EP 1299 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JW688 UT WOS:A1992JW68800057 ER PT J AU ODONNELL, K AF ODONNELL, K TI RIBOSOMAL DNA INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS ARE HIGHLY DIVERGENT IN THE PHYTOPATHOGENIC ASCOMYCETE FUSARIUM-SAMBUCINUM (GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS) SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE RDNA-MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; ASCOMYCETE FUNGUS ID RNA GENES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MOLECULAR COEVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; EVOLUTION; YEAST; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; FUNGUS AB Variation within the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8s ribosomal DNA gene of the heterothallic phytopathogenic filamentous fungus, Fusarium sambucinum (teleomorph = Gibberella pulicaris), was examined in 86 strains from diverse geographical locations by PCR amplification and direct sequencing in order to measure intraspecific divergence within the ITS region. Sequence analysis revealed three ITS types (A, B, C), within which divergence was extremely low (0-2.3%). Surprisingly, the level of intraspecific divergence observed between ITS types, A --> B = 14.3%, A --> C = 15%, and B --> C = 4.6%, is much greater than that reported for any other species. The degree to which transition/transversions and insertion/deletions make up the pattern of ITS sequence evolution both within and between types was analyzed. The sequences of the ITS types exhibit a C-T transition bias together with a GC insertion/deletion bias. In comparison, the genic flanking sequences, including the 5.8s rDNA gene and 5' end of the 28s large nuclear rDNA, are highly conserved. By the criteria of mating and DNA-DNA hybridization, all the strains examined represent a single species. Discordance between the ITS sequence data and other molecular and genetic data on F. sambucinum is discussed. RP ODONNELL, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 44 TC 270 Z9 283 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 3 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1007/BF00351728 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA JJ841 UT WOS:A1992JJ84100006 PM 1525873 ER PT J AU FETT, WF GERARD, HC MOREAU, RA OSMAN, SF JONES, LE AF FETT, WF GERARD, HC MOREAU, RA OSMAN, SF JONES, LE TI CUTINASE PRODUCTION BY STREPTOMYCES SPP SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY; ESTERASE; ENZYMES AB Forty-five Streptomyces strains, including representatives of the plant pathogens S. acidiscabies, S. scabies, and S. ipomoea, were screened for ability to produce enzymes (cutinases) capable of hydrolyzing the insoluble plant biopolyester cutin. Initially, all strains were tested for production of extracellular esterase in liquid shake (250 rpm) cultures at room temperature in defined (glycerol-asparagine) or complex (tryptone-yeast extract with or without addition of mannitol) broth media supplemented with either tomato or apple cutin. Esterase activity was determined by a spectrophotometric assay utilizing the model substrate p-nitrophenyl butyrate. Of the five strains exhibiting highest esterase activity, four (S. acidiscabies ATCC 49003, S. "scabies" ATCC 15485 and IMRU 3018, and S. badius ATCC 19888) were confirmed to produce enzymes with cutin-degrading activity (cutinases). Confirmation of extracellular cutinase production was accomplished by use of a new high-performance liquid chromatography method for separation and quantification of released cutin monomers. Monomer identification was confirmed by GC/MS analyses. Cutinase production was induced 2- to 17-fold by inclusion of cutin in the media. To our knowledge this constitutes the first report of cutinase production by Streptomyces spp. other than S. scabies. RP FETT, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 23 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 25 IS 3 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1007/BF01571025 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JH796 UT WOS:A1992JH79600007 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP ROMMEL, M AF DUBEY, JP ROMMEL, M TI PROTOZOAL ABORTIONS IN LIVESTOCK SO DEUTSCHE TIERARZTLICHE WOCHENSCHRIFT LA German DT Article ID TRANSPLACENTALLY-INDUCED TOXOPLASMOSIS; NEOSPORA-CANINUM INFECTION; OVINE TOXOPLASMOSIS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSIS; BOVINE ABORTIONS; SHEEP; SARCOCYSTIS; FETUS; DOGS; CALF AB A review is given on abortions in livestock caused by Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis spp. Special emphasis is put on diagnostic procedures. T gondii is considered to be a major cause of abortions in sheep and goats. Diagnosis is based on the characteristic lesions in the cotyledons, histologic and immunohistochemical examination, and on the detection of specific antibodies in body fluids or serum of aborted fetuses. Whether abortions in swine due to T gondii are of practical importance is till unclear. The most important causative protozoal agent of abortions in cattle is Neospora caninum. This protozoon was found in 19 per cent of cattle fetuses submitted for examination in USA. Occasionally it was found also in aborted lambs, kids and foals. Diagnosis is based on the histologic or immunohistochemical detection of the parasite. Abortions can be regularly induced experimentally in large and small ruminants and in pigs by the oral inoculation of sporocysts of certain Sarcocystis species. However, under natural conditions abortion due to Sarcocystis was diagnosed only occasionally and only in cattle and sheep. The histologic examination of the fetus and fetal membranes is the only way to diagnose Sarcocystis abortion or neonatal infection at present. C1 TIERARZTLICHEN HSCH HANNOVER,INST PARASITOL,BUNTEWEG 17,W-3000 HANNOVER 71,GERMANY. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ROMMEL, M (reprint author), TIERARZTLICHEN HSCH HANNOVER,INST PARASITOL,BUNTEWEG 17,W-3000 HANNOVER 71,GERMANY. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU M H SCHAPER GMBH CO KG PI ALFELD PA POSTFACH 16 42 16 52 KALANDSTRASSE 4, W-3220 ALFELD, GERMANY SN 0341-6593 J9 DEUT TIERARZTL WOCH JI Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 99 IS 9 BP 355 EP & PG 0 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KC523 UT WOS:A1992KC52300001 PM 1396163 ER PT J AU SMITH, LG GREENE, B VEIT, B HAKE, S AF SMITH, LG GREENE, B VEIT, B HAKE, S TI A DOMINANT MUTATION IN THE MAIZE HOMEOBOX GENE, KNOTTED-1, CAUSES ITS ECTOPIC EXPRESSION IN LEAF-CELLS WITH ALTERED FATES SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE MAIZE; SHOOT DEVELOPMENT; MERISTEMS; HOMEOBOX GENES; KNOTTED-1 ID HIGH-VELOCITY MICROPROJECTILES; MORPHOLOGICAL MUTANT; MESOPHYLL-CELLS; RNA-POLYMERASE; ZEA-MAYS; DROSOPHILA; PROTEINS; LEAVES; PLANTS AB Dominant mutations of the Knotted-1 (Kn1) homeobox gene of maize alter the differentiation and growth of cells associated with leaf veins. By analyzing Kn1 transcripts and KN1 protein, we show that the gene is not expressed at high levels during the development of wild-type leaves. Instead, Kn1 is expressed in apical meristems of vegetative and floral shoots, and is downregulated as leaves and floral organs are initiated. Kn1 is also expressed in relatively undifferentiated cells within developing vascular bundles, as well as ground tissue, in immature, unelongated axes of wild-type vegetative and floral shoots. In Kn1-N2 mutant plants, quantitative, but not qualitative differences are apparent in Kn1 transcripts and KN1 protein, consistent with previous observations that dominant Kn1 mutations map to noncoding regions of the gene. Kn1 is expressed ectopically in vascular bundles within developing mutant leaves in a pattern that correlates with the phenotypic alterations produced by the Kn1-N2 mutation. Thus, Kn1 apparently alters the fates of leaf cells in which it is ectopically expressed from an early stage of leaf development. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that Kn1 functions in its wild-type context as a regulator of cell determination. C1 USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP SMITH, LG (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 48 TC 314 Z9 341 U1 1 U2 8 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4DL SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD SEP PY 1992 VL 116 IS 1 BP 21 EP & PG 0 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA JQ864 UT WOS:A1992JQ86400003 PM 1362381 ER PT J AU WALKER, JM GARDNER, R AF WALKER, JM GARDNER, R TI PROBABILISTIC DESTRUCTION OF COMMON-POOL RESOURCES - EXPERIMENTAL-EVIDENCE SO ECONOMIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP WALKER, JM (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47401, USA. NR 16 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0013-0133 J9 ECON J JI Econ. J. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 102 IS 414 BP 1149 EP 1161 DI 10.2307/2234382 PG 13 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA JP136 UT WOS:A1992JP13600007 ER PT J AU REED, DK KINDLER, SD SPRINGER, TL AF REED, DK KINDLER, SD SPRINGER, TL TI INTERACTIONS OF RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID, A HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITOID AND RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE SLENDER WHEATGRASSES SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; DIARETIELLA-RAPAE; AGROPYRON-TRACHYCAULUM; HOST PLANT RESISTANCE; TRITROPHIC INTERACTIONS; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID HOMOPTERA AB Interactions among three trophic levels of resistant and susceptible slenderwheat grasses, Elymus trachycaulum (Link) Goule ex Shinners ex. H.F. Lewis, Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), and a hymenopterous parasitoid were studied in the laboratory and greenhouse. These relationships were compared with a commercial susceptible wheat Triticum aestivum L. variety. Aphids reared on the resistant entries showed significantly lower weights and numbers. Significant reduction of parasitoid mummy weight and adult size was positively correlated with the effects on the aphids. Resistant entries also induced a longer prereproductive period for both the aphids and parasitoids. Numbers of aphids and aphid damage were significantly modified by the addition of parasitoids. Parasitism was higher on plants that did not have leaf rolling. These findings may indicate that antibiosis resistance studied here is not the most desirable because it decreases natural enemy vitality. RP REED, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES LAB,1301 N WESTERN,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 64 IS 3 BP 239 EP 246 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JR281 UT WOS:A1992JR28100005 ER PT J AU PROKOPY, RJ PAPAJ, DR HENDRICHS, J WONG, TTY AF PROKOPY, RJ PAPAJ, DR HENDRICHS, J WONG, TTY TI BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES OF CERATITIS-CAPITATA FLIES TO BAIT SPRAY DROPLETS AND NATURAL FOOD SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE CERATITIS-CAPITATA; BAIT SPRAYS; BIRD FECES; PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; PROTEINACEOUS ATTRACTANTS; RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA; INSECT ATTRACTANTS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; DACUS DIPTERA; HOST FRUIT; TEPHRITIDAE; MALATHION; IDENTIFICATION AB In studies carried out on field-caged non-fruiting host trees, we examined effects of environmental and adult physiological and experiential state factors on responses of released Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), to droplets of proteinaceous bait (PIB-7) with or without 20% insecticide (malathion). We confirmed that fresh PIB-7 is both attractive and phagostimulatory to protein-deprived medflies and found that presence of 20% malathion ultra low volume concentrate (ULVC) in PIB-7 droplets does not significantly repel medflies from approaching droplets but does significantly deter feeding on them. A single relatively fresh deposit of bird feces, an important source of protein for medflies in natural environments, attracted several times more laboratory-cultured and wild medflies than 20 droplets of 80% PIB-7/20% malathion ULVC (about the average number of droplets per m2 of plant canopy in aerial bait spray programs). Attraction to protein was significantly greater among wild medflies deprived of protein continuously from eclosion than among wild medflies that had recent (within 3 days) or continuous access to protein. Attraction to protein increased significantly with increasing age (2, 7 and 12 days) of protein-deprived wild medflies. But we found no significant positive impact of recent brief experience of wild medflies with protein on degree of subsequent attraction to protein. In final experiments that mimicked the size, density and distribution of bait spray droplets on tree foliage typical for an aerial medfly control program, very few (4%) or no released protein-deprived wild medflies found a bait droplet within the 15 min test period even though most found a single deposit of bird feces. We conclude that the effectiveness of aerial bait sprays against medflies might be enhanced substantially (and the proportion of infested area treated with bait spray reduced considerably) by (1) including synthetic equivalents of attractive components of bird feces in the spray mixture, and (2) adjusting spatial and temporal patterns of bait spray applications according to estimates of the composition and abundance of natural medfly food and the age structure of medfly adult populations in infested regions. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUT BIOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. IAEA,A-2444 SEIBERSDORF,AUSTRIA. USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96804. RP PROKOPY, RJ (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 45 TC 46 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 64 IS 3 BP 247 EP 257 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JR281 UT WOS:A1992JR28100006 ER PT J AU SMITH, DR POINAR, GO AF SMITH, DR POINAR, GO TI SAWFLIES (HYMENOPTERA, ARGIDAE) FROM DOMINICAN AMBER SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB Six sawfly specimens discovered in amber deposits from the Dominican Republic are represented by rive adults and one larva. The five adults represent five new species of the Central and South American genus Didymia, a genus that no longer occurs in the West Indies. Species described are D. dominicana, D. davisi, D. protea, D. poinari, and D. ebena. The larva belongs to the Argidae but cannot be identified further. RP SMITH, DR (reprint author), NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 103 IS 4 BP 117 EP 124 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JT620 UT WOS:A1992JT62000004 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, PW SEMYANOV, VP AF SCHAEFER, PW SEMYANOV, VP TI ARTHROPOD PARASITES OF COCCINELLA-SEPTEMPUNCTATA (COLEOPTERA, COCCINELLIDAE) - WORLD PARASITE LIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB The literature and recent North American collection records indicate that at least 16 species of insects (ca. 14 Hymenoptera from 6 families, and 2 Diptera from 2 families) and two ectoparasitic mites are known as parasites or hyperparasites of Coccinella septempunctata. Lists include names of actual parasites or hyperparasites, other names and synonymies, as well as misidentifications or improper host associations, and all are referenced to new collection data or bibliographic citations. RP SCHAEFER, PW (reprint author), USDA,BENEFICIAL INSECTS INTRODUCT RES LAB,NEWARK,DE 19713, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 103 IS 4 BP 125 EP 134 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JT620 UT WOS:A1992JT62000005 ER PT J AU TOOLEY, PW CARRAS, MM AF TOOLEY, PW CARRAS, MM TI SEPARATION OF CHROMOSOMES OF PHYTOPHTHORA SPECIES USING CHEF GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS SO EXPERIMENTAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHYTOPHTHORA SPECIES; ELECTROPHORETIC KARYOTYPE; CONTOUR-CLAMPED HOMOGENEOUS ELECTRIC FIELD (CHEF) ELECTROPHORESIS; GENOME SIZE; RDNA ID F-SP GLYCINEA; DNA CONTENT; MEGASPERMA; FIELD RP TOOLEY, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,FT DETRICK,BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-5975 J9 EXP MYCOL JI Exp. Mycol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 16 IS 3 BP 188 EP 196 DI 10.1016/0147-5975(92)90027-O PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Mycology SC Plant Sciences; Mycology GA JQ551 UT WOS:A1992JQ55100003 ER PT J AU SEILER, GJ AF SEILER, GJ TI SUNFLOWER - INTRODUCTION SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material RP SEILER, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,POB 5677,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 30 IS 3-4 BP 191 EP 194 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(92)90001-P PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP560 UT WOS:A1992JP56000001 ER PT J AU SEILER, GJ AF SEILER, GJ TI UTILIZATION OF WILD SUNFLOWER SPECIES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; DOWNY MILDEW; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GERMPLASM LINES; STEM WEEVIL; OIL CONTENT; HELIANTHUS; RESISTANCE; SEED AB The genus Helianthus is composed of 49 species and 19 subspecies with 12 annual and 37 perennial species. These diverse species represent considerable genetic variability which can be utilized for the improvement of cultivated sunflower. The taxonomy of Helianthus is somewhat confusing due to the complicated natural interspecific hybridization and different ploidy levels of several species. A germ-plasm collection of 2000 accessions, mostly annuals, has been assembled. Interspecific hybridization has become important as a means of introducing genetic variability into the cultivated sunflower. This has been facilitated by the use of embryo culture and chromosome doubling with colchicine to increase fertility. The wild species continue to serve as a source of cytoplasmic male sterility for cultivated sunflower. Molecular techniques of restriction endonucleases of mitochondrial DNA can be used to differentiate CMS sources. The greatest impact the wild species have made on cultivated sunflower has been in the area of genes for discase resistance and, to a lesser extent, resistance to insects. The recent discovery of genes for high tolerance to the disease Phomopsis/Diaporthe helianthi Munt. Cvet. is an excellent example. Considerable variability has been reported in oil content and fatty acid concentrations in the wild species as well as agronomic and morphologic traits of plant height, days to flowering and tolerances to stress, especially salt. RP SEILER, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LABS,POB 5677,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 164 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 30 IS 3-4 BP 195 EP 230 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(92)90002-Q PG 36 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP560 UT WOS:A1992JP56000002 ER PT J AU MASIREVIC, S GULYA, TJ AF MASIREVIC, S GULYA, TJ TI SCLEROTINIA AND PHOMOPSIS - 2 DEVASTATING SUNFLOWER PATHOGENS SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID WALL-DEGRADING ENZYMES; DIAPORTHE-HELIANTHI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SPORIDESMIUM-SCLEROTIVORUM; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; SYSTEMIC NATURE; PLANT-DISEASES; OXALIC-ACID; STEM CANKER; RESISTANCE AB Cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is prone to many diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses, of which the most detrimental are those caused by fungi. Two of the most important-fungal pathogens are Sclerotinia and Phomopsis. Within the genus Sclerotinia, both S. minor and S. sclerotiorum cause a basal stalk rot and subsequent wilt of sunflower, with S. sclerotiorum more widely distributed around the world. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum also incites a head rot and mid-stem rot of sunflower. Since Sclerotinia spp. have a very wide host range and can persist in soil as dormant sclerotia for up to 10 years, the pathogens have been extremely difficult to control with either genetic resistance or fungicides. The most effective control is the use of long rotations, tolerant hybrids, and sclerotium-free seed. Gray stem spot is a relatively new disease of sunflower first observed in the early 1980s in Yugoslavia and now considered the most devastating sunflower disease in eastern Europe. Symptoms include large stem cankers and subsequent wilt. Phomopsis helianthi has been identified as one incitant of gray stem spot, but another Phomopsis species may also be involved, both in Europe and in the United States. Foliar fungicides can control gray stem spot, but the development of resistant hybrids has been much more cost-effective. C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58102. RP MASIREVIC, S (reprint author), UNIV NOVI SAD,FAC AGR,INST FIELD & VEGETABLE CROPS,M GORKOG 30,YU-21000 NOVI SAD,YUGOSLAVIA. NR 130 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 30 IS 3-4 BP 271 EP 300 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(92)90004-S PG 30 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP560 UT WOS:A1992JP56000004 ER PT J AU ROGERS, CE AF ROGERS, CE TI INSECT PESTS AND STRATEGIES FOR THEIR MANAGEMENT IN CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID CYLINDROCOPTURUS-ADSPERSUS COLEOPTERA; SMICRONYX-FULVUS COLEOPTERA; ELECTELLUM HULST LEPIDOPTERA; APION-OCCIDENTALE COLEOPTERA; COCHYLIS-HOSPES LEPIDOPTERA; VINITOR BERGROTH HEMIPTERA; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L; HOMOEOSOMA-ELECTELLUM; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA AB Hundreds, if not thousands, of species of insects use wild sunflowers (Helianthus spp.) for food and/or shelter. Fortunately, the majority of these species do not attack the common annual sunflower, H. annuus L.; of those that do, a relatively small percentage actually become an economic threat to profitable sunflower cultivation. This paper discusses the species of insects that are known pests of cultivated sunflower, their injury to plants, the effects of their injury on seed and oil production, and control strategies that are used for their management. RP ROGERS, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,IBPMRL,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 217 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 30 IS 3-4 BP 301 EP 332 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(92)90005-T PG 32 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP560 UT WOS:A1992JP56000005 ER PT J AU KINIRY, JR BLANCHET, R WILLIAMS, JR TEXIER, V JONES, CA CABELGUENNE, M AF KINIRY, JR BLANCHET, R WILLIAMS, JR TEXIER, V JONES, CA CABELGUENNE, M TI SUNFLOWER SIMULATION USING THE EPIC AND ALMANAC MODELS SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L; NITROGEN NUTRITION; LEAF-AREA; WATER-USE; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; FIELD ENVIRONMENTS; DRY-MATTER; YIELD; CULTIVARS; PHENOLOGY AB Modeling of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is challenging because the crop species combines high yield potential with great adaptability. This paper surveys recent modeling-related research on sunflower phenology, growth, and yield. Simulations of sunflower by two closely related models, EPIC and ALMANAC, are described. Phenology was predicted with growing degree days with a 6-degrees-C base temperature (GDD6) SUMmed from sowing to maturity, assuming anthesis occurred when 0.62 of the total GDD6 had accumulated. Growth simulation involved leaf area index (LAI) development, light interception, and radiation-use efficiency (RUE). Inclusion of a vapor pressure deficit (VPD) effect appeared to make RUE more general. A modified harvest index approach was used to simulate seed yields. The EPIC and ALMANAC models gave reasonable yield simulations over a wide range of environments and management options. The models should be valuable both for assessing the impacts of different management schemes and for identifying subject areas where additional basic research is needed. C1 INRA,F-31300 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. TEMPLE AGR EXPT STN,TEMPLE,TX. RP KINIRY, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 77 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 30 IS 3-4 BP 403 EP 423 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(92)90008-W PG 21 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JP560 UT WOS:A1992JP56000008 ER PT J AU HANSEN, JD EMERSON, CL SIGNOROTTI, DA AF HANSEN, JD EMERSON, CL SIGNOROTTI, DA TI VISUAL DETECTION OF SWEET-POTATO WEEVIL BY NONINVASIVE METHODS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB Sweet potatoes, Ipomoea batatas (L.), infested with the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers), were examined by radiography and ultrasound. No weevil life stage was clearly detected by radiographic methods. However, uninfested sweet potatoes and feeding tunnels in infested tuberous roots were clearly distinguishable. Thus, radiography could assist in the development of quarantine treatments. Ultrasound could not penetrate the root surface and did not produce an image. C1 UNIV MIAMI,DIV VET RESOURCES,MIAMI,FL 33101. BAPTIST HOSP MIAMI,DEPT RADIOL,MIAMI,FL 33176. RP HANSEN, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 75 IS 3 BP 369 EP 375 DI 10.2307/3495858 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JR364 UT WOS:A1992JR36400006 ER PT J AU CHERRY, RH KLEIN, MG AF CHERRY, RH KLEIN, MG TI ATTRACTION OF ADULT EUPHORIA-SEPULCHRALIS (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE) TO AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note ID JAPANESE BEETLE COLEOPTERA; RUTELINAE COLEOPTERA; CETONIINAE; LURES C1 USDA ARS,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,HORT INSECTS RES LAB,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP CHERRY, RH (reprint author), EVERGLADES RES & EDUC CTR,POB 8003,BELLE GLADE,FL 33430, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 75 IS 3 BP 383 EP 385 DI 10.2307/3495861 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JR364 UT WOS:A1992JR36400009 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, M MOLNARPERL, I KNIGHTON, DR AF FRIEDMAN, M MOLNARPERL, I KNIGHTON, DR TI BROWNING PREVENTION IN FRESH AND DEHYDRATED POTATOES BY SH-CONTAINING AMINO-ACIDS SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS LA English DT Article DE FOOD BROWNING; BROWNING PREVENTION; N-ACETYL-L-CYSTEINE; REDUCED GLUTATHIONE; DEHYDRATED POTATOES; FOOD QUALITY; FOOD SAFETY AB N-Acetyl-L-cysteine and reduced glutathione were excellent inhibitors of browning of potatoes. In most cases, these two SH-containing compounds were more efficient inhibitors than L-cysteine and approached the effectiveness of sodium sulphite. These considerations suggest that N-acetyl-L-cysteine and reduced glutathione merit extensive evaluation as potentially useful inhibitors for food products. RP FRIEDMAN, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 0 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0265-203X J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM JI Food Addit. Contam. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 9 IS 5 BP 499 EP 503 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA KU749 UT WOS:A1992KU74900015 PM 1298655 ER PT J AU BUCHANAN, RL KLAWITTER, LA AF BUCHANAN, RL KLAWITTER, LA TI THE EFFECT OF INCUBATION-TEMPERATURE, INITIAL PH, AND SODIUM-CHLORIDE ON THE GROWTH-KINETICS OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STORAGE-TEMPERATURE; LABORATORY MEDIUM; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; NITRITE; MODEL; SALMONELLAE; ATMOSPHERE RP BUCHANAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 13 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 32 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 9 IS 3 BP 185 EP 196 DI 10.1016/0740-0020(92)80046-7 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA JQ829 UT WOS:A1992JQ82900002 ER PT J AU MARCIN, TC KLUNGNESS, JH AF MARCIN, TC KLUNGNESS, JH TI THE ECONOMIC-POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVED FIBER RECOVERY FROM RECYCLED PAPER-MILLS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SEPARATION; DISK AB Improvement in the efficiency of secondary fiber papermills through fiber recovery from mill tailings or reject streams is important. Improved contaminant removal, reduced sludge disposal cost, and increased economic performance can be obtained using fluid shear field principles. This paper looks at the economic feasibility of using this principle to improve fiber recovery and contaminant removal from a recycled papermill recycling old newspaper into newsprint. The principle can also be extended to other types of wastepaper. The value of fiber recovered is an important variable in determining the economic feasibility of disk separation. A nominal value of $100 per metric ton yields a rate of return of 22.9 percent; $200 per metric ton yields 54.5 percent; and $300 per metric ton gives an internal rate of return of 83.3 percent after taxes. These results are based on processing 2.7 metric tons per day, removing 98 percent of the contaminants, and recovering 73 percent of the fiber. Higher processing capacities result in higher internal rates of return. RP MARCIN, TC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 42 IS 9 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA JP130 UT WOS:A1992JP13000003 ER PT J AU BAKER, AJ AF BAKER, AJ TI CORROSION OF NAILS IN CCA-TREATED AND ACA-TREATED WOOD IN 2 ENVIRONMENTS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In 1973, nails of 11 different alloys and coatings were driven into southern pine treated with chromated copper arsenate or ammoniacal copper arsenate. One set of samples was exposed to 97 to 100 percent relative humidity at 80-degrees-F (27-degrees-C) for 14 years. Another set of samples was buried in soil for 17 years at the Valley View Exposure Site in Madison, Wis. The samples were compared for nail corrosion, as measured by weight loss. The results indicated that for long service life, metals that are to be used in contact with treated wood in moist conditions should be cathodic to copper in the moist treated wood. Types 304 and 316 stainless steel, silicon bronze, copper, and monel nails were shown to be suitable for these conditions. Aluminum nails and steel nails coated with zinc, tin, and tin-cadmium were not suitable. RP BAKER, AJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 5 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 42 IS 9 BP 39 EP 41 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA JP130 UT WOS:A1992JP13000006 ER PT J AU HANSEN, B LUPPOLD, W AF HANSEN, B LUPPOLD, W TI FACTORS AFFECTING JAPANESE HARDWOOD LUMBER IMPORTS, 1976 TO 1990 SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Over the past 15 years, U.S. hardwood lumber exports to Japan have grown from a relatively small volume to a peak of over 135 million board feet in 1989. During this period, the U.S. share of all Japanese lumber imports rose from about 3 or 4 percent in the mid-to-late 1970s to nearly 20 percent in 1990. This paper examines factors that have influenced the growth of Japanese imports of U.S. hardwood lumber. These factors include: 1) exchange rates, 2) prices of U.S. temperate, non-U.S. temperate, and tropical hardwoods imports; and 3) economic growth in Japan. The paper concludes with a discussion of geopolitical changes that are likely to affect future U.S. hardwood lumber exports to Japan through the variables under examination. RP HANSEN, B (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROUTE 2,BOX 562-B,PRINCETON,WV 24740, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 42 IS 9 BP 47 EP 51 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA JP130 UT WOS:A1992JP13000008 ER PT J AU MAURO, LJ YOUNGREN, OM PROUDMAN, JA PHILLIPS, RE ELHALAWANI, ME AF MAURO, LJ YOUNGREN, OM PROUDMAN, JA PHILLIPS, RE ELHALAWANI, ME TI EFFECTS OF REPRODUCTIVE STATUS, OVARIECTOMY, AND PHOTOPERIOD ON VASOACTIVE-INTESTINAL-PEPTIDE IN THE FEMALE TURKEY HYPOTHALAMUS SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THYROTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; RAT SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS; MELEAGRIS-GALLOPAVO; PROLACTIN-RELEASE; POLYPEPTIDE VIP; SUBSTANCE-P; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; SECRETION; NEURONS C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ANIM SCI,DIV ANIM PHYSIOL,495 ANIM SCI VET MED BLDG,1988 FITCH AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ECOL EVOLUT & BEHAV,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,AVIAN PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 46 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 87 IS 3 BP 481 EP 493 DI 10.1016/0016-6480(92)90056-P PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JK852 UT WOS:A1992JK85200018 PM 1426951 ER PT J AU CREMEENS, DL DARMODY, RG NORTON, LD AF CREMEENS, DL DARMODY, RG NORTON, LD TI ETCH-PIT SIZE AND SHAPE DISTRIBUTION ON ORTHOCLASE AND PYRIBOLES IN A LOESS CATENA SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AREA RELATIONSHIPS; DISSOLUTION; FELDSPAR; SOILS; QUARTZ; DISLOCATIONS; KINETICS; MINERALS; KENTUCKY; GRAINS AB Etch pits on 50-100 mum orthoclase and pyribole grains from the E, B, and C horizons of a catena or drainage sequence of well-drained, somewhat poorly drained, and poorly drained loessal soils were analyzed using SEM and digital image analysis. The objective was to determine the influence of soil drainage conditions and the associated geochemical environments on dissolution of primary silicates as determined from the distribution of etch pits on the grain surfaces. Etch-pit size frequency distributions indicated that the poorly drained soil contained the smallest and most numerous etch pits for both minerals. This indicated low growth rates for etch pits in the poorly drained soil. Analysis of etch-pit shapes indicated that etch pits on pyriboles were more elongated and irregular in the poorly drained soil, possibly resulting from a greater growth rate; whereas etch pits on orthoclase grains were more elongated and irregular in the well-drained soil. The larger, more elongated and irregularly shaped etch pits on orthoclase from the well-drained soil, indicative of a greater pit growth rate, is consistent with a flushing model of mineral weathering in soils. The etch-pit size distribution on pyriboles is consistent with the flushing concept, but the shape data indicates that other mechanisms of weathering may be involved. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP CREMEENS, DL (reprint author), GAI CONSULTANTS INC,570 BEATTY RD,MONROEVILLE,PA 15146, USA. NR 68 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP PY 1992 VL 56 IS 9 BP 3423 EP 3434 DI 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90389-Z PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA JN929 UT WOS:A1992JN92900008 ER PT J AU TOBEY, JA AF TOBEY, JA TI ECONOMIC-ISSUES IN GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS LA English DT Article AB The author highlights the critical role of economics in understanding the potential magnitude of global climate change as a problem for human society and for assessing and developing effective responses. It is shown that many of the basic economic tools and techniques needed to address global climate change issues are already found in the existing environmental and natural resource economics literature. However, in the application of economic concepts to climate change problems, much work remains. It is suggested that priority areas for future economic research include analysis of the impacts and the adaptation of economic systems, the value of information and decision making under uncertainty, and the development of world models of the economy that aid in understanding and predicting the sources and effects of global change that are linked to economic activity. RP TOBEY, JA (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0959-3780 J9 GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG JI Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 2 IS 3 BP 215 EP 228 DI 10.1016/0959-3780(92)90004-Q PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA JQ885 UT WOS:A1992JQ88500004 ER PT J AU WELTZ, MA BLACKBURN, WH SIMANTON, JR AF WELTZ, MA BLACKBURN, WH SIMANTON, JR TI LEAF-AREA RATIOS FOR SELECTED RANGELAND PLANT-SPECIES SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE LEAF AREA INDEX; DROUGHT RESPONSE; LEAF BIOMASS AB Leaf area estimates are required by hydrologic, erosion, and growth/yield simulation models and are important to the understanding of transpiration, interception, CO2 fixation, and the energy balance for native plant communities. Leaf biomass (g) to leaf area (mm2) linear regression relationships were evaluated for 15 perennial grasses, 12 shrubs, and 1 tree. The slope coefficient (beta0) of the linear regression equation is a ratio of leaf area to leaf biomass and is defined as the leaf area ratio [LAR = one-sided leaf area (mm2)/oven-dry leaf weight (g) ]. LAR represents beta0 in each regression equation, where Y = beta0(X). linear regression relationships for leaf area were computed (r2 = .84-.98) for all 28 native range species after full leaf extension. Within-plant estimates of leaf area for mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa [Torr.] Cockll.) or lime prickly ash (Zanthoxylum fagara [L.] Sarg.) were not significantly different (P less-than-or-equal-to .05). LARs for three of the shrubs and the tree were established at four different phenological stages. There were no significant differences (P less-than-or-equal-to .05) in LARs for lime prickly ash, mesquite, and Texas persimmon (Diospyros texana Scheele) after full leaf extension during the growing season. The LAR relationship for Texas persimmon changed significantly after full leaf extension. LAR relationships for Texas colubrina (Colubrina texensis [T. & G.] Gray) changed in response to water stress. RP WELTZ, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 52 IS 3 BP 237 EP 244 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KD720 UT WOS:A1992KD72000005 ER PT J AU YOUNG, JA AF YOUNG, JA TI ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF MEDUSAHEAD (TAENIATHERUM-CAPUT-MEDUSAE SSP ASPERUM [SIMK] MELDERIS) SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE MEDUSAHEAD; TAENIATHERUM-CAPUT-MEDUSAE; ANNUAL GRASS; COLONIZING SPECIES; WILDFIRES; GRAZING AB Medusahead is another in the extensive list of annual herbaceous species to invade the temperate desert rangelands of the Great Basin. Medusahead is not preferred by large herbivores and apparently is not preferred by granivores. Herbage of this annual grass enhances ignition and spread of wildfires. Medusahead is highly competitive with the seedlings of native species and is probably the greatest threat to the biodiversity of the natural vegetation that has vet been accidentally introduced into the Great Basin. Despite the obvious biological disruptions that are associated with medusahead invasion, the species offers a wealth of opportunities for students to examine the mechanism by which this species is so successful. Students of evolution, plant physiology, and ecology may find this species to be an excellent model for colonization. RP YOUNG, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,920 VALLEY RD,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 0 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 32 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 52 IS 3 BP 245 EP 252 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KD720 UT WOS:A1992KD72000006 ER PT J AU ARAYA, JE CAMBRON, SE AF ARAYA, JE CAMBRON, SE TI CONTROL OF APHIDS ON SPRING OATS AND WINTER-WHEAT WITH SLOW RELEASE GRANULAR SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Aphid infestations (Homoptera: Aphididae) on spring oat (Avena sativa) cv 'Ogle', and during the fall on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cv. 'Clark', composed mainly of Rhopalosiphum padi and Macrosiphum avenae, were reduced with applications at the 2-3 leaf stage of slow release granular formulations of acephate, carbofuran, and disulfoton, compared with carbofuran 15G and untreated controls, in field trials during 1990-1991 in northwestern Indiana. These field results corroborated those obtained by previous studies with the same formulations and dosages in the laboratory. In oat, all insecticide treatments reduced aphid populations and percentage aphid-infested plants, with a residual action of ca. 25 d. Barley yellow dwarf virus-like visual symptoms were reduced with disulfoton. In winter wheat, the residual action of-all insecticide treatments in the fall lasted up to 19 d. The carbofuran treatment on winter wheat seedlings caused earthworms to move out of the soil, where they died; an effect requiring further study. Percentage of aphid-infested plants revealed relatively wider differences among tratments than total number of aphids in both test crops. Predation by Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera Coccinellidae) contributed to the overall reduction of spring populations of cereal aphids in wheat and oat. Aphid mummies parasitized by micro-hymenopterans were common in oat plants. RP ARAYA, JE (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,USDA ARS,SMALL GRAIN INSECTS & WEED CONTROL RES UNIT,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC PI E LANSING PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 SN 0090-0222 J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL JI Gt. Lakes Entomol. PD FAL PY 1992 VL 25 IS 3 BP 223 EP 236 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KC385 UT WOS:A1992KC38500007 ER PT J AU POND, WG MAURER, RR MERSMANN, HJ CUMMINS, S AF POND, WG MAURER, RR MERSMANN, HJ CUMMINS, S TI RESPONSE OF FETAL AND NEWBORN PIGLETS TO MATERNAL PROTEIN RESTRICTION DURING EARLY OR LATE PREGNANCY SO GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND AGING LA English DT Article ID GROWTH FACTOR-I; IGF-BINDING-PROTEINS; HORMONE; SERUM; SWINE; FETUS AB Dietary protein restriction during pregnancy has an adverse effect on progeny development, although the importance of the time at which the nutritional insult occurs is unclear. The objective in our study was to test the hypothesis that severe protein restriction during the first trimester of swine pregnancy bas a greater detrimental effect on fetal development than restriction in late pregnancy. On the day of mating, primiparous swine were assigned to control (C, 13% protein) or protein-restricted (PR, 0.5% protein) diets and fed in 4 regimens: 1) C diet throughout pregnancy (114 +/- 2 days)(n = 5), 2) PR diet to day 44, C diet to parturition (n = 6), 3) C diet to day 80, PR diet to parturition (n = 8), and 4) PR diet throughout pregnancy (n = 6). In addition, 6 pigs fed C and 7 pigs fed PR diets were killed at day 44 to assess placental and fetal development. Maternal diet had no effect on placental or fetal weight, crown-rump length, or heart girth circumference in 44-day fetuses. Mean birth weight of newborn piglets was 1462, 1291, 1262, and 1064 g for C, PR:C, C:PR, and PR groups, respectively (C > PR:C=C:PR > PR, p < 0.01). Plasma total protein and albumin were less (p < 0.01) in PR than in PR:C and C:PR; all three groups were less than C (p < 0.01). Liver weight and total liver protein, RNA, and DNA followed the same pattern (C > PR:C=C:PR > PR, p < 0.05). Longissimus muscle total protein, RNA, and DNA were greater in group C than in all other groups (p < 0.01). Maternal protein restriction during early pregnancy produced less developmental impairment than restriction throughout pregnancy, but the magnitude of impairment was similar to that produced by restriction during only the third trimester. The effects of early restriction were manifested at birth, even though none of the indices of stunting were observed at 44 days when the maternal protein restriction was ended. Whether the effects of early versus late restriction show the same mechanism of action has not been determined. C1 USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP POND, WG (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 33 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU GROWTH PUBL CO INC PI BAR HARBOR PA PO BOX 42, BAR HARBOR, ME 04609-0042 SN 0017-4793 J9 GROWTH DEVELOP AGING JI Growth Dev. Aging PD FAL PY 1992 VL 56 IS 3 BP 115 EP 127 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA JN844 UT WOS:A1992JN84400001 PM 1428413 ER PT J AU RICHARDSON, RL WRIGHT, JT KIM, JW HAUSMAN, GJ AF RICHARDSON, RL WRIGHT, JT KIM, JW HAUSMAN, GJ TI EXPRESSION OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA (TGF-BETA-1) AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-II (IGF-II) MESSENGER-RNA IN THE DEVELOPING SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE (SQ) OF THE FETAL PIG SO GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND AGING LA English DT Article DE TGF-BETA-1; IGF-II; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; SUBCUTANEOUS; ADIPOSE; MUSCLE; FETAL PIG ID TGF-BETA; LOCALIZATION; EMBRYO; FETUS AB Studies (in situ hybridization) were performed on the developing subcutaneous tissue (SQ) of the pig fetus to determine sites of synthesis of TGF-beta-1 and IGF-II. Tissues from 50, 70, 90, 110-day-old pig fetuses and 7-day-old postnatal pigs were Bouin's fixed, paraffin embedded and hybridized with biotin labelled cDNA probes. The expression of TGF-Beta-1 messenger RNA was detectable primarily in the dermis, hair follicle fat lobule, outer and inner SQ areas at all ages. Cells adjacent to adipocyte clusters and some small adipocytes were positive for TGF-beta-1. There was no positive hybridization of TGF-beta-1 probes in the developing muscle below the SQ. The expression of IGF-II was evident in the developing muscle below the SQ at 50 d and 70 d, and could be detected in the outer and inner SQ at 70 d. Much lower levels of IGF-II expression were observed in 90 and 110 d fetuses, but an increase in IGF-II expression was evident in the muscle of 7d postnatal pigs. Our results suggest that paracrine and autocrine regulatory systems may be operative for developing adipocytes (TGF-beta-1) and muscle (IGF-II), with specific areas and times of TGF-beta-1 and IGF-II expression being evident in developing pig SQ tissue. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DIARY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30605. RP RICHARDSON, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROWTH PUBL CO INC PI BAR HARBOR PA PO BOX 42, BAR HARBOR, ME 04609-0042 SN 0017-4793 J9 GROWTH DEVELOP AGING JI Growth Dev. Aging PD FAL PY 1992 VL 56 IS 3 BP 149 EP 157 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA JN844 UT WOS:A1992JN84400004 PM 1428415 ER PT J AU ZAITER, HZ COYNE, DP CLARK, RB LINDGREN, DT NORDQUIST, PT STROUP, WW PAVLISH, LA AF ZAITER, HZ COYNE, DP CLARK, RB LINDGREN, DT NORDQUIST, PT STROUP, WW PAVLISH, LA TI LEAF CHLOROSIS AND SEED YIELD OF DRY BEANS GROWN ON HIGH-PH CALCAREOUS SOIL FOLLOWING FOLIAR IRON SPRAYS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; GENOTYPIC VARIATION; IRON-DEFICIENCY CHLOROSIS ID DEFICIENCY CHLOROSIS AB Iron deficiency chlorosis (FeDC) causes extensive reduction in yields of edible dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown on high-pH and calcareous soils. Fifteen bean cultivars/lines differing in response to FeDC were grown 2 years (1988 and 1989) on a high-pH (8.0), calcareous (2.3% calcium carbonate equivalent in surface 20 cm), and low-Fe (2.2 mg Fe/kg) Typic Haplustolls silt loam in the field (central Nebraska) to determine the effects of FeDC on seed yield of cultivars/lines sprayed with Fe. A significant interaction (P < 0.05) between cultivars/lines x Fe spray treatment was noted for visual FeDC ratings in 1988 only, and no significant interactions were noted for seed yield either year: Sprayed cultivars/lines generally produced higher yields than unsprayed ones. Overall increases were 47% in 1988 and 41% in 1989. Even though only slight FeDC was noted on some cultivars/lines receiving no Fe spray, seed yields were significantly increased when sprayed with Fe. Some cultivars/lines with moderate or moderately severe FeDC ratings did not show a significant increase in yield when sprayed with Fe, while other cultivars/lines did. Seed yield reductions for the cultivars/lines per unit of FeDC rating (1 = green to 5 = severe chlorosis) were 915 kg-ha-1 for unsprayed and 1518 kg.ha-1 for sprayed plants in 1988 and 344 kg.ha-1 for unsprayed and 608 kg.ha-1 for sprayed plants in 1989. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT HORT,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. W CENT RES & EXTENS CTR,N PLATTE,NE 69101. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT BIOMETRY,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 10 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1992 VL 27 IS 9 BP 983 EP 985 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JW817 UT WOS:A1992JW81700013 ER PT J AU LESTER, G SHELLIE, KC AF LESTER, G SHELLIE, KC TI POSTHARVEST SENSORY AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF HONEY DEW MELON FRUITS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COLOR; SHAPE; PREFERENCE; SOLUBLE SOLIDS CONCENTRATION; FRUIT QUALITY; CUCUMIS-MELO ID QUALITY AB Physicochemical and sensory attributes of fully mature honey dew melon (Cucumis melo L. var. inodorus Naud.) fruits were evaluated 10 days after storage for eight commercial cultivars grown in two locations. Cultivars varied in degree of preference expressed by panelists' ratings for overall fruit preference, flavor, and shape and for physicochemical measurements of soluble solids concentration (SSC), flesh firmness, and fruit weight. The sensory attribute that correlated most strongly with overall fruit preference was fruit flavor (r = 0.97). The whiteness of epidermal tissue (rind L value) and SSC correlated more highly with overall fruit preference (r = 0.54 and r = 0.52, respectively) than other physicochemical attributes, such as fruit firmness (r = -0.24) and fruit weight (r = -0.12). Epidermal L value correlated more strongly with panelists' ratings for fruit shape (r = 0.69) than with fruit flavor (r = 0.35), but SSC correlated more strongly with fruit flavor (r = 0.61) than with fruit shape (r = 0.30). Superior honey dew melon quality at harvest was associated with high SSC, white epidermal tissue, and round fruit shape. RP LESTER, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES UNIT,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 14 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1992 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1012 EP 1014 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JW817 UT WOS:A1992JW81700023 ER PT J AU BERTACCINI, A DAVIS, RE LEE, IM AF BERTACCINI, A DAVIS, RE LEE, IM TI INVITRO MICROPROPAGATION FOR MAINTENANCE OF MYCOPLASMA-LIKE ORGANISMS IN INFECTED-PLANT TISSUES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHRYSANTHEMUM-FRUTESCENS; GLADIOLUS SP; HYDRANGEA-MACROPHYLLA; CATHARANTHUS-ROSEUS; SHOOT CULTURE; DISEASE SYMPTOMS; DOT HYBRIDIZATION; CDNA PROBE ID DIAGNOSIS; CULTURE; DNA AB A collection of mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs) was maintained in plant tissues micropropagated in vitro. MLO-infected plants included Chrysanthemum frutescens L. with chyrsanthemum yellows disease, Gladiolus sp. L. with "germ fins," Hydrangea macrophilla (Thunb.) DC. with virescence, Rubus fruticosus L. with rubus stunt, and periwinkle [Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don] singly infected by the following MLOs: Italian periwinkle virescence, chrysanthemum yellows, North American aster yellows, Italian periwinkle stunt, American periwinkle little leaf. Shoots micropropagated in vitro exhibited symptoms of little-leaf and/or abnormal proliferation of axillary shoots resulting in "witches' broom" appearance that resembled symptoms in graft-transmitted greenhouse-grown or naturally infected field-collected plants. These symptoms, typical of infection by MLOs, were not observed in micropropagated healthy shoots of the same plant species, and, compared with the healthy ones, varied with MLO strain and host plant species. Dot hybridizations with a nonradioactive cloned DNA probe provided evidence for the presence of MLOs in propagated tissues through serial subcultures. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BERTACCINI, A (reprint author), UNIV BOLOGNA,IST PATOL VEGETALE,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1992 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1041 EP 1043 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JW817 UT WOS:A1992JW81700036 ER PT J AU MAKUS, DJ GUINN, G AF MAKUS, DJ GUINN, G TI HIGHER LEVELS OF ABA AND IAA ARE FOUND IN GREEN THAN IN WHITE ASPARAGUS SPEARS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE ABSCISIC ACID; INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID; ASPARAGUS-OFFICINALIS ID ABSCISIC-ACID C1 USDA ARS,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP MAKUS, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1992 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1047 EP 1047 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JW817 UT WOS:A1992JW81700040 ER PT J AU OKIE, WR ROBERTSON, JA MEREDITH, FI AF OKIE, WR ROBERTSON, JA MEREDITH, FI TI ROSEPRINCESS, A WHITE-FLESHED NECTARINE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE PRUNUS-PERSICA; FRUIT BREEDING; CULTIVAR C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP OKIE, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1992 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1049 EP 1050 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JW817 UT WOS:A1992JW81700042 ER PT J AU STAVELY, JR MCMILLAN, RT AF STAVELY, JR MCMILLAN, RT TI BARC-RUST RESISTANT-BUSH, FRESH-MARKET GREEN BEAN GERMPLASM LINES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; UROMYCES-APPENDICULATUS VAR APPENDICULATUS ID UROMYCES-PHASEOLI; PATHOGEN; VULGARIS C1 UNIV FLORIDA,FLORIDA TROP RES & EDUC CTR,HOMESTEAD,FL 33031. RP STAVELY, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD SEP PY 1992 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1052 EP 1054 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JW817 UT WOS:A1992JW81700044 ER PT J AU HARP, JA CHEN, WX HARMSEN, AG AF HARP, JA CHEN, WX HARMSEN, AG TI RESISTANCE OF SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENT MICE TO INFECTION WITH CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM - THE IMPORTANCE OF INTESTINAL MICROFLORA SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID NUDE-MICE; MOUSE; IMMUNITY; MODEL; ROLES; GAMMA AB Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite which colonizes intestinal epithelium, causing transient diarrheal illness in immunocompetent hosts and severe chronic disease in immunocompromised hosts. We examined the resistance of severe combined immunodeficient mice, either bearing intestinal flora or germfree, to intestinal infection with C. parvum. Infection was not readily detected in flora-bearing adult severe combined immunodeficient mice until 5 to 7 weeks following oral challenge with C. parvum. In contrast, germfree adult severe combined immunodeficient mice were heavily infected 3 weeks following challenge. These data support the hypothesis that resistance of adult mice to C. parvum infection does not require a specific immune response but can be mediated by nonspecific mechanisms associated with the presence of intestinal flora. C1 TRUDEAU INST INC,SARANAC LAKE,NY 12983. RP HARP, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 22 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 60 IS 9 BP 3509 EP 3512 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA JJ861 UT WOS:A1992JJ86100006 PM 1500156 ER PT J AU BAKER, JE WOO, SM AF BAKER, JE WOO, SM TI DIGESTION OF STARCH GRANULES BY ALPHA-AMYLASES FROM THE RICE WEEVIL, SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE - EFFECT OF STARCH TYPE, FAT EXTRACTION, GRANULE SIZE, MECHANICAL DAMAGE, AND DETERGENT TREATMENT SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE; RICE WEEVIL; INSECT; ALPHA-AMYLASE; STARCH; GRANULES; RAW STARCH; DIGESTION; DIET; CEREALS; WHEAT; CORN; RICE ID L COLEOPTERA; CATALYTIC PROPERTIES; PURIFICATION; CURCULIONIDAE; WHEAT; INHIBITORS; GRANARIUS; LARVAE; ENZYME; BARLEY AB In vitro digestion of raw starch granules by alpha-amylases from the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), was studied. Digestion of starch granules isolated from ball-milled cereals, especially corn and wheat, was extremely slow. Relative to intact starch granules of rice, corn. and wheat, gelatinized samples were 550-, 2000-, and 3300-fold, respectively, more susceptible to enzyme action. Among commercial starch samples tested, granular potato starch was most resistant to alpha-amylases from S. oryzae. Relative to granular potato starch, activity against other tested starches ranged from 2.1-fold greater for tapioca starch to 15.9-fold greater for an unmodified corn starch. Size distribution of granules of an unmodified wheat starch was determined by sequential passage through a series of nylon screens. Larger granules (15-20-mu) were 2.4-fold more susceptible than smaller granules (5-10-mu) to alpha-amylase. Defatted granules were slightly more susceptible than nondefatted granules to enzymatic degradation. Alpha-Amylase activity against intact starch granules purified from soft wheat kernels ("Florida 302") was increased 119-fold when the granules were extensively homogenized in a ground glass homogenizer. Activity against granules damaged by grinding in a mortar and pestle or a mechanical grinder was also increased. Presence of a detergent (Triton X- 100) in the grinding buffer gave only a slight increase (14%) in susceptibility. Studies comparing the activity of alpha-amylase and crude gut homogenates of S. oryzae indicated that alpha-amylase is the primary enzyme that attacks granular starch in the gut. In addition, we could find no evidence that alpha-amylases from S. oryzae bind for a relatively long duration to intact or mechanically damaged granules from Florida 302. Based on these results, in our view, the precise mechanisms and efficiencies of the enzymatic conversion of granular starch to utilizable nutrients in vitro cannot be adequately assessed from in vitro assays with gelatinized starch and thus remain to be determined. A hypothesis for the in vivo digestion of granular starch by phytophagous insects is presented. RP BAKER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 6 BP 529 EP 537 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(92)90029-E PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA JK576 UT WOS:A1992JK57600003 ER PT J AU MILLER, SG SILHACEK, DL AF MILLER, SG SILHACEK, DL TI BINDING OF RIBOFLAVIN TO LIPOPHORIN AND A HEXAMERIC PROTEIN IN THE HEMOLYMPH OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; STORAGE PROTEIN HEXAMER; LIPOPHORIN; RIBOFLAVIN; HEMOLYMPH; BINDING PROTEINS ID STORAGE PROTEIN; MANDUCA-SEXTA; CALLIPHORA-VICINA; BOMBYX-MORI; PURIFICATION; ARYLPHORIN; TRANSPORT; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE AB The hemolymph of late final instar Heliothis virescens larvae was analyzed for riboflavin and its metabolic derivatives. Riboflavin levels in the hemolymph were found to be relatively high at this developmental stage (ca 25-mu-g/ml hemolymph) and all of the flavin was associated with high molecular weight proteins. Based on the recovery of riboflavin with purified hemolymph protein preparations, approx. 15% of the total was bound to lipophorin and the remainder to a hexameric storage protein comprised of 82 kDa subunits, designated p82. The recovery of p82-bound riboflavin was not quantitative, a result attributable to the effects of sample dilution during purification. The p82 hexamer (but not lipophorin, arylphorin or other hemolymph proteins) was bound by a flavinyl-agarose affinity matrix, which provided independent confirmation of its identity as a flavin-binding protein. In addition to the large hemolymph pool of protein-bound riboflavin, H. virescens larvae also contained substantial amounts of free riboflavin in malpighian tubules (ca 19-mu-g/g tissue) and in testes (ca 25-mu-g/g tissue). These findings suggest a complex pattern of riboflavin binding and transport mediated by specific pathways of flavin metabolism, storage and excretion depending upon the target tissue. RP MILLER, SG (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BAS BIOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 6 BP 571 EP 583 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(92)90034-C PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA JK576 UT WOS:A1992JK57600008 ER PT J AU HIREMATH, S ESHITA, S AF HIREMATH, S ESHITA, S TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VITELLOGENIN FROM THE GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; VITELLOGENIN; VITELLIN; SUBUNIT STRUCTURE; N-TERMINAL AMINO ACID SEQUENCE ID POLYVINYLIDENE DIFLUORIDE MEMBRANES; JUVENILE-HORMONE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; PROTEIN; VITELLIN; IDENTIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; ANTIBODIES AB Vitellogenin (Vg), the precursor of vitellin (Vt), an abundant egg yolk protein, was purified from the hemolymph of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) using FPLC techniques. The purified protein gave a single band in native polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis corresponding to a size of approximately 487 kDa. It consisted of three types of subunits of 190, 165 and 36 kDa (Vg190, Vg165 and Vg36, respectively). Sodium dodecyl sulfate PAGE analysis of egg extracts showed the presence of three proteins having sizes identical to those of Vg subunits (Vt190, Vt165 and Vt36, respectively). The larger Vg subunits were found to share sequence homology by western blot analysis, peptide mapping, amino acid composition and N-terminal sequencing. The change in the proportion of these subunits observed during development suggested that Vg165 might be derived from Vg190. The N-terminal sequences of Vt165 and Vt36 were identical to their respective counterparts in Vg. This indicates that processing of Vg into Vt does not involve proteolytic cleavage at the N-termini of the subunits. RP HIREMATH, S (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 6 BP 605 EP 611 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(92)90038-G PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA JK576 UT WOS:A1992JK57600012 ER PT J AU PATTEE, HE STALKER, HT AF PATTEE, HE STALKER, HT TI EMBRYOGENESIS IN RECIPROCAL CROSSES OF ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA CV NC 6 WITH A-DURANENSIS AND A-STENOSPERMA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; WIDE CROSSES; PEG TIPS; ONTOGENY; RESCUE; FRUIT; OVULE; WILD AB Improvement of agronomic and quality factors in Arachis hypogaea L. through interspecific hybridization with wild Arachis species is restricted because of reproductive barriers including genetic incompatibility. A description of embryogenesis and embryo abortion in reciprocal crosses between wild and cultivated Arachis species should clarify some of these reproductive barriers. This study documents embryogenesis in the diploids A. duranensis (K 7988) and A. stenosperma (HLK 4 1 0) in reciprocal crosses with A. hypogaea cv NC 6. A significant parental effect was observed among crosses. When NC 6 was used as the female parent in crosses with both diploid species, embryos developed at a near normal rate, while embryos in the reciprocal crosses showed retarded rates. Differences in embryo developmental morphology were not observed between the two wild species. When A. duranensis was used as a female parent, however, embryos aborted at a higher frequency. In contrast, A. stenosperma had delayed fertilization, but initial embryo development was much faster and by day 5 had attained the same level of development as A. duranensis. These observations illustrate that as attempts are made to utilize the genetic resources of Arachis, different approaches will be needed to overcome the multiplicity of reproductive barriers that restrict introgression of potentially desirable traits to cultivated peanuts. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP PATTEE, HE (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 153 IS 3 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1086/297038 PN 1 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JU778 UT WOS:A1992JU77800008 ER PT J AU POLLEY, HW JOHNSON, HB MAYEUX, HS AF POLLEY, HW JOHNSON, HB MAYEUX, HS TI GROWTH AND GAS-EXCHANGE OF OATS (AVENA-SATIVA) AND WILD MUSTARD (BRASSICA-KABER) AT SUBAMBIENT CO2 CONCENTRATIONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; PLANT DRY-WEIGHT; ELEVATED CO2; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; STOMATAL DENSITY; LEAVES; RESPONSES; COTTON AB A repeated sequence of monocultures and mixtures of oats (A vena sativa L.) and wild mustard (Brassica kaber (DC.) Wheeler) was grown along a daytime gradient of CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) from near 330 to a minimum of 150 mumol mol-1. The objectives were to determine effects of subambient [CO2] on leaf gas exchange, biomass production, and competitive interactions of these C3 species. A decrease in stomatal conductance did not prevent a nearly linear increase in leaf internal [CO2] and net assimilation of oat leaves as [CO2] increased. Net assimilation of oats and wild mustard increased from 5.0 and 2.5 mumol m-2 s-1 at 150 mumol mol-1, respectively, to 16.1 and 15.9 mumol m-2 s-1 at 330 mumol mol-1 CO2, respectively, when measured at 1,200-1,500 mumol m-2 s-1 incident light. Aboveground biomass per plant of wild mustard and oats increased 106% and 198%, respectively, and leaf area rose more than two- and threefold, respectively, from 154 to 331 mumol mol-1 CO2. The CO2-induced increase in aboveground biomass of plants of each species did not vary among monocultures and mixtures. Responses of oats and wild mustard to higher subambient [CO2] were large relative to reported responses of C3 species to comparable increases above the current atmospheric [CO2]. This suggests that past changes in atmospheric [CO2], including the 27% rise since the beginning of the nineteenth century, may have profoundly altered the productivity of C3 plants. RP POLLEY, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 54 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 153 IS 3 BP 453 EP 461 DI 10.1086/297051 PN 1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JU778 UT WOS:A1992JU77800021 ER PT J AU BASHAW, EC HUSSEY, MA HIGNIGHT, KW AF BASHAW, EC HUSSEY, MA HIGNIGHT, KW TI HYBRIDIZATION (N + N AND 2N + N) OF FACULTATIVE APOMICTIC SPECIES IN THE PENNISETUM AGAMIC COMPLEX SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PEARL-MILLET; APOMICTIC BUFFELGRASS; FERTILIZATION; APOMIXIS AB It has been hypothesized that within agamic complexes, apomixis acts to preserve fertility in wide crosses. Through hybridization studies with two facultative (partially sexual) Pennisetum species (P. flaccidum and P. mezianum), n + n (B(II)) and 2n + n (B(III)) sexual, facultative, and obligate apomictic hybrids were obtained. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency for wide-cross B(III) hybrids in an agamic complex and to compare fertility of B(II) and B(III) hybrids. Sexual B(II) hybrids derived from hybridization of P. flaccidum with P. mezianum were always highly sterile because of male and female abortion, while obligate apomictic B(II) hybrids obtained through pseudogamy were fertile when supplied with viable pollen. All B(III) hybrids from fertilization of 2n apomictic eggs were highly fertile regardless of mode of reproduction. The ability to recover obligate apomictic B(III) hybrids allowed for transfer of whole genomes to the female chromosome complement and to synthesize new, fertile, true breeding 2n + n genotypes. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT CROP SCI,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP BASHAW, EC (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 153 IS 3 BP 466 EP 470 DI 10.1086/297053 PN 1 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JU778 UT WOS:A1992JU77800023 ER PT J AU BINDER, BF DEMILO, AB KOCHANSKY, JP CHITWOOD, DJ AF BINDER, BF DEMILO, AB KOCHANSKY, JP CHITWOOD, DJ TI INHIBITION OF DEVELOPMENT IN CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS (NEMATODA) BY A REDUCED AROMATIC SCHIFF-BASE AND RELATED-COMPOUNDS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID REMANEI VAR BANGALOREIENSIS; INSECT JUVENILE-HORMONE; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; NEMATOSPIROIDES-DUBIUS; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; PRECOCENE ANALOGS; GROWTH; CULTURE C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1475 EP 1477 DI 10.1021/jf00021a001 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JP432 UT WOS:A1992JP43200001 ER PT J AU SEITZ, LM AF SEITZ, LM TI IDENTIFICATION OF 5-(2-OXOALKYL) RESORCINOLS AND 5-(2-OXOALKENYL) RESORCINOLS IN WHEAT AND RYE GRAINS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CEREAL-GRAINS; ALKYLRESORCINOLS; TRITICALE AB Several homologs of 5-(2-oxoalkyl)- and 5-(2-oxoalkenyl)resorcinols were identified in extracts of wheat and rye grains. Homologs of the 5-(2-oxoalkyl)resorcinols included 5-(2-oxononadecyl)-, 5-(2-oxoheneicosanyl)-, 5-(2-oxotricosanyl)-, and 5-(2-oxopentacosanyl)resorcinol, with the heneicosanyl and tricosanyl homologs being predominant. The homologs of 5-(2-oxoalkenyl)resorcinols consisted of 5-(2-oxoheneicosenyl)- and 5-(2-oxotricosenyl)resorcinol. The major alkyl and alkenyl homologs were isolated by thin-layer (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and then identified by TLC, HPLC, gas chromatography coupled with infrared and mass spectroscopy, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Abundances of the "oxo" components are minor compared to the 5-n-alkyl-resorcinols and, apparently, have been overlooked in previous studies of resorcinols in wheat and rye grains. RP SEITZ, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 13 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1541 EP 1546 DI 10.1021/jf00021a014 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JP432 UT WOS:A1992JP43200014 ER PT J AU ZARINS, Z CHRASTIL, J AF ZARINS, Z CHRASTIL, J TI SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF RICE ORYZENIN SUBUNITS BY ANION-EXCHANGE AND GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GLUTELIN; STORAGE; SEEDS AB Rice storage protein (oryzenin) was separated in three main subunits (33, 22, and 14 kDa). The low molecular weight (14 kDa) subunit, although it was related immunologically to rice prolamins, was an integral part of oryzenin because it could not be separated from oryzenin (or from rice flour) by H2O, 5% NaCl, or diluted ethyl or propyl alcohols. The oryzenin subunits were at first partially purified on DEAE Sepharose CL-6B and then further purified on Sephacryl S-200. All three main subunits contained strongly bound glucose or polysaccharide chains based on glucose. Isoelectric focusing of the 33-kDa purified subunit resulted in nine acid spots within the pH range 5-8. Isoelectric focusing of the 22-kDa purified subunit resulted in five basic spots within the pH range 8-11. Isoelectric focusing of the 14-kDa subunit resulted in three basic spots with pH 8.7, 8.8, and 9.0. RP ZARINS, Z (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1599 EP 1601 DI 10.1021/jf00021a024 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JP432 UT WOS:A1992JP43200024 ER PT J AU NEUCERE, JN ULLAH, AHJ CLEVELAND, TE AF NEUCERE, JN ULLAH, AHJ CLEVELAND, TE TI SURFACE-PROTEINS OF 2 AFLATOXIN-PRODUCING ISOLATES OF ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS AND ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS MYCELIA .1. A COMPARATIVE IMMUNOCHEMICAL PROFILE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STRAINS AB The surface antigens from Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus mycelia were characterized by immunochemical analysis on agarose gels. Results of immunoabsorption experiments showed that a least two antigens present in A. flavus were not detected in A. parasiticus. Semiquantitative and qualitative assays by line and crossed immunoelectrophoresis showed extreme heterogeneity in precipitin formation between the two fungi. A major antigen in A. parasiticus appeared in trace amounts in A. flavus; that antigen might be useful as a chemical marker in species identification studies. The avidity of antibody responses varied between the two isolates but the homology of the profiles support their close phylogenetic relationship as members of the same genus. RP NEUCERE, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1610 EP 1612 DI 10.1021/jf00021a027 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JP432 UT WOS:A1992JP43200027 ER PT J AU ULLAH, AHJ NEUCERE, JN CLEVELAND, TE AF ULLAH, AHJ NEUCERE, JN CLEVELAND, TE TI SURFACE-PROTEINS OF 2 AFLATOXIN-PRODUCING ISOLATES OF ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS AND ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS MYCELIA .2. HPLC MAPPING BY GEL-PERMEATION, ION-EXCHANGE, AND REVERSE-PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Surface mycelial proteins/peptides of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus were extracted with phosphate-buffered saline and mapped by several chromatographic procedures. Molecular weights of mycelial proteins ranged from 200 Da to 100 kDa with major differences between species in the distribution of specific protein peaks. Cation exchange chromatography yielded at least 19 peaks for both fungal species, and at least two proteins, following isocratic elution from A. flavus, not detected in A. parasiticus mycelia were resolved by this procedure. Anion-exchange chromatography resolved 20 and 22 protein peaks in A. flavus and A. parasiticus extracts, respectively, but sizes and distribution of peaks of both basic and acidic proteins differed. Reverse-phase chromatography showed over 45 peaks in both fungi and revealed a cluster of 10 peaks in A. parasiticus that was not observed in A. flavus. These elution profiles reveal protein heterogeneity that might have application in the field of fungal taxonomy. RP ULLAH, AHJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1613 EP 1616 DI 10.1021/jf00021a028 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JP432 UT WOS:A1992JP43200028 ER PT J AU FRIEDMAN, M RAYBURN, JR BANTLE, JA AF FRIEDMAN, M RAYBURN, JR BANTLE, JA TI STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS AND DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY OF SOLANUM ALKALOIDS IN THE FROG EMBRYO TERATOGENESIS ASSAY-XENOPUS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS; TUBEROSUM; HAMSTERS; FETAX; SEEDS AB Solanum plants produce potentially toxic alkaloids. As part of a program to improve safety of plant-derived foods such as potatoes, we examined the relative embryotoxicities of 13 structurally different compounds using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX). Our purpose was to better understand structural features governing the developmental toxicology of these compounds. We measured the minimum concentrations needed to inhibit growth of the embryos, the median lethal concentration of 96-h exposure (96-h LC50), and the concentration inducing gross terata in 50% of the surviving animals [96-h EC50 (malformation)]. The following glycoalkaloids produced concentration-response curves: alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanine, solasonine, and alpha-tomatine. All compounds were tested at equimolar (0.005 and 0.015 mM) concentrations in order to develop a relative potency scale. The data showed that (a) glycoalkaloids are more toxic than corresponding aglycons lacking the carbohydrate groups, (b) for glycoalkaloids, the nature of the carbohydrate strongly influences potency, (c) the nitrogen of the steroid is required for teratogenicity, (d) the orientation of the unshared electron pair associated with the nitrogen atom does not affect potency, and (e) the presence of nitrogen in rings of non-steroidal alkaloids such as atropine, scopolamine, and ergonovine does not impart teratogenicity. The observed structural effects should facilitate predicting developmental toxicities of compounds of dietary interest without the use of live animals and provide information to guide selection of potato plants with a low content of specific toxic alkaloids. The possible significance of the results to food safety is discussed. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV, DEPT ZOOL, STILLWATER, OK 74078 USA. RP USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 28 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1617 EP 1624 DI 10.1021/jf00021a029 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JP432 UT WOS:A1992JP43200029 ER PT J AU SPANIER, AM STANGELO, AJ SHAFFER, GP AF SPANIER, AM STANGELO, AJ SHAFFER, GP TI RESPONSE OF BEEF FLAVOR TO OXYGEN DEPLETION AND AN ANTIOXIDANT CHELATOR MIXTURE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WARMED-OVER FLAVOR; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; SENSORY ANALYSIS; HEME IRON; MEAT; STORAGE; TEMPERATURE; OXIDATION; MUSCLE AB Meat flavor deterioration (MFD) is characterized by increased levels of off-flavor sensory characteristics and by a decline in desirable-flavor attributes. MFD, long associated with the process of warmed-over flavor development in meat products, is attributed to the free-radical reactions that occur as a result of lipid peroxidation. Data is presented showing the effect of these mechanisms on meat flavor and chemistry. Data demonstrate that several mechanisms act synergistically to remove desirable flavors and heighten off-flavor development. Factor analysis is utilized as a means to graphically render correlations existing among the experimental treatments (dose response), sensory descriptors, and chemical flavor attributes. C1 SE LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HAMMOND,LA 70402. RP SPANIER, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1656 EP 1662 DI 10.1021/jf00021a035 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JP432 UT WOS:A1992JP43200035 ER PT J AU CHRASTIL, J AF CHRASTIL, J TI CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES OF RICE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STORAGE; STARCH; GRAINS AB Three typical U.S. rice varieties were studied for differences after storage for 1 year at temperatures between 4 and 40-degrees-C. In this manner, rice samples with a relatively wide range of physicochemical and functional properties were obtained. From the experimental results it became apparent that water intake by cooked grains, stickiness after cooking, and rice flour dough leavening were all correlated to the quality determining factors: the average molecular weight of denatured oryzenin (rice storage protein) and the binding of denatured oryzenin to starch. On the basis of these facts from one chosen quality, other qualities (quality-determining factors) of rice could be predicted. RP CHRASTIL, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 22 TC 43 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1683 EP 1686 DI 10.1021/jf00021a040 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JP432 UT WOS:A1992JP43200040 ER PT J AU BRANDON, DL BINDER, RG BATES, AH MONTAGUE, WC AF BRANDON, DL BINDER, RG BATES, AH MONTAGUE, WC TI MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-BASED ELISA FOR THIABENDAZOLE IN LIVER SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BENZIMIDAZOLE ANTHELMINTICS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ASSAY; MEAT; IMPACT; FOODS AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for analysis of thiabendazole [2-(4-thiazolyl)-1H-benzimidazole, TBZ] residues in bovine liver. Monoclonal antibodies which bind TBZ and 5-OH-TBZ were developed using the haptens, 2-(2-succinamido-4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole and 5-succinamido-2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole. The ELISA method uses monoclonal antibody in a competitive format, following a one-step, 10-min aqueous extraction of samples. Monoclonal antibodies with various specificities permit an ELISA specific for TBZ alone or for the group of thiazolyl compounds including TBZ, 5-OH-TBZ, and cambendazole. Tissue samples of 0.1 g can be used, and the limit of detection, determined by analysis of liver samples fortified with TBZ, is 20 ppb. The extraction and assay can be completed within 2 h. The assay materials are sufficiently stable to be packaged as a kit with a shelf life of at least 6 months. ELISA results were validated by comparison to results obtained by high-pressure liquid chromatography with UV detection. Since samples exceeding the U.S. tolerance (100 ppb) can readily be distinguished from negative samples simply by visual inspection of the ELISA wells, the method provides a rapid screening test which could be used for regulatory monitoring of TBZ residues in meat. RP BRANDON, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 23 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1722 EP 1726 DI 10.1021/jf00021a049 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JP432 UT WOS:A1992JP43200049 ER PT J AU CHAPMAN, AB DICKERSON, GE AF CHAPMAN, AB DICKERSON, GE TI HUMPHREY,GEORGE,COLVIN, 1875-1947 - A BRIEF BIOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT GENET,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP CHAPMAN, AB (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT MEAT & ANIM SCI,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 70 IS 9 BP 2607 EP 2610 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JL070 UT WOS:A1992JL07000001 PM 1399872 ER PT J AU PERKINS, A FITZGERALD, JA PRICE, EO AF PERKINS, A FITZGERALD, JA PRICE, EO TI SEXUAL PERFORMANCE OF RAMS IN SERVING CAPACITY TESTS PREDICTS SUCCESS IN PEN BREEDING SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SHEEP; RAMS; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; LIBIDO; STOCKING RATE ID BEHAVIOR AB The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which sexual performance (serving capacity) tests can be used to predict the sexual behavior and reproductive success of rams in the context of pen mating. Standard serving capacity tests were used to select four low (LP) and four high-performing (HP) rams from a population of 94 yearling males. Each selected ram was then exposed to approximately 30 estrus-synchronized ewes for a 9-d period. Ejaculations observed and mounting marks left on ewes confirmed the greater (P < .001) sexual activity of the HP rams in the field. In addition, ewes exposed to HP rams had a higher lambing percentage, more lambs born, and more live lambs born per ewe. Ram classification was not related (P > .60) to the number of lambs born per ewe lambing (prolificacy). It was concluded that serving capacity tests, properly conducted, can be used to predict ram mating performance and thus aid in establishing more efficient ram-to-ewe stocking rates. C1 USDA,US SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 16 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 70 IS 9 BP 2722 EP 2725 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JL070 UT WOS:A1992JL07000016 PM 1399886 ER PT J AU BECKER, BA KNIGHT, CD BUONOMO, FC JESSE, GW HEDRICK, HB BAILE, CA AF BECKER, BA KNIGHT, CD BUONOMO, FC JESSE, GW HEDRICK, HB BAILE, CA TI EFFECT OF A HOT ENVIRONMENT ON PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS, AND BLOOD HORMONES AND METABOLITES OF PIGS TREATED WITH PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SOMATOTROPINS; HEAT; PIGS; PERFORMANCE; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; HORMONES ID GROWTH FACTOR-I; FINISHING SWINE; GROWING-PIGS; FEED-INTAKE; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; ENERGY-METABOLISM; BODY-COMPOSITION; TEMPERATURE; STIMULATION; PROTEIN AB A study was conducted to compare the effects of a single 100-mg recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST) implant on performance, carcass characteristics, and blood hormones and metabolites of 40 finishing pigs exposed to either a thermoneutral (TN; 18 to 21-degrees-C) or hot environment (H; 27 to 35-degrees-C) for 28 or 35 d. Pigs in H gained at a slower rate (P < .01) than pigs in TN. Control and rpST-treated pigs gained at similar rates in respective environments. The rpST-treated pigs consumed 13% less feed (P < .01) than the control pigs in both environments, and pigs in H consumed 19% less feed (P < .01) than pigs in TN. Feed efficiency for rpST-treated pigs was 15% better (P < .01) than that for control pigs; environment had no effect on feed efficiency. When slaughtered, pigs treated with rpST had less (P < .01) leaf fat and less (P < .01) 10th rib backfat than control pigs. Pigs in H had a lower (P < .01) final BW and less leaf fat and backfat than pigs in TN. The rpST and H had various effects on blood hormones and metabolites. The results demonstrated that the benefits of this form of rpST treatment achieved under TN were also achieved in H with no interactions between the hormone and environment. C1 MONSANTO CO,DIV ANIM SCI,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT FOOD SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP BECKER, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM PHYSIOL UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 38 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 70 IS 9 BP 2732 EP 2740 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JL070 UT WOS:A1992JL07000018 PM 1399888 ER PT J AU SOLOMON, MB LYNCH, GP LOUGH, DS AF SOLOMON, MB LYNCH, GP LOUGH, DS TI INFLUENCE OF DIETARY PALM OIL SUPPLEMENTATION ON SERUM-LIPID METABOLITES, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS, AND LIPID-COMPOSITION OF CARCASS TISSUES OF GROWING RAM AND EWE LAMBS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LAMBS; DIET; SEX; FATTY ACIDS; ADIPOSE TISSUE; CHOLESTEROL ID FATTY-ACIDS; WETHER AB The objective of this research was to determine the influence of dietary palm oil supplementation on carcass characteristics and lipid composition of tissues from growing lambs. Twenty-eight Suffolk x Hampshire lambs were weaned at 60 d of age (average 36 kg BW) and assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement consisting of diet (control [NPO] or 10.6% added dietary palm oil [PO]) and sex (ram vs ewe). The NPO diet (77% forage and 23% concentrate) contained 11.2% CP and 2.66 Mcal of ME/kg. Palm oil replaced molasses in the PO diet. Lambs were individually given ad libitum access to feed for 60 d to a final BW average of 50.1 kg. Lipid composition of the longissimus muscle and corresponding subcutaneous (s.c.) adipose tissue was determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Lambs fed PO were fatter (P < .01) than lambs fed NPO (.77 vs .56 cm, s.c. fat). Diet had no effect on cholesterol content of lean tissue; however, feeding PO increased the saturated fatty acids of lean tissue. The s.c. fat from lambs fed PO had less (P < .01) cholesterol (64.79 vs 89.67 mg/100 g) and more saturated fatty acids than that from lambs fed NPO. Ewes were fatter (P < .01) than rams, yet they had less cholesterol content in the s.c. adipose tissue (68.71 vs 85.74 mg/100 g). High amounts of dietary palm oil fed to growing lambs caused changes in fatty acid deposition and cholesterol metabolism and may be a useful investigative tool to study lipid metabolism in growing ruminants. An increase in total saturated fatty acids, in both the lean and s.c. adipose tissue, resulted from the addition of PO to the diet. Most of this increase was caused by an increase in palmitic acid. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP SOLOMON, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 70 IS 9 BP 2746 EP 2751 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JL070 UT WOS:A1992JL07000020 PM 1399890 ER PT J AU WISE, TH CHRISTENSON, RK AF WISE, TH CHRISTENSON, RK TI RELATIONSHIP OF FETAL POSITION WITHIN THE UTERUS TO FETAL WEIGHT, PLACENTAL WEIGHT, TESTOSTERONE, ESTROGENS, AND THYMOSIN BETA-4 CONCENTRATIONS AT 70 AND 104 DAYS OF GESTATION IN SWINE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; PREGNANCY; GROWTH; TESTOSTERONE ID INTRAUTERINE POSITION; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; FEMALE SWINE; PUBERTY; GILTS; BOARS; MICE; DIFFERENTIATION; CONFINEMENT AB Fetal intrauterine position relative to the sex of adjacent fetuses has an effect on reproductive performance in rodents. An experiment was conducted to determine whether sex of adjacent fetuses in utero has an influence on fetal and placental weights and whether the hormonal mechanisms documented in rodents are similar in fetal pigs. Sows were slaughtered at 70.1 +/- 1.7 d (n = 123) and 104.5 +/- .05 d (n = 135) of gestation. The fetuses and placentas were removed from the uterus and the position and sex of each fetus was recorded to indicate whether the fetus was between two males, two females, or a male and a female. Fetal blood was sampled for later hormonal analysis. At 70 d of gestation, male fetal and placental weights were heavier than those of females (P < .05), but no differences were detected relative to the sex of adjacent fetuses. At 104 d of gestation, a fetus surrounded on each side in utero by fetuses of the opposite sex (two males or two females) was lighter in weight than a fetus surrounded by fetuses of the same sex (P < .01). Differences in fetal weight due to the sex of adjacent fetuses were not related to placental function because placental weights were generally not different at 104 d of gestation. By 104 d of gestation, most placentas were not separated by necrotic regions and were in close apposition with surrounding placentas. No differences in growth or development could be related to hormonal effects (testosterone, estrone, or estrone sulfate) from surrounding fetuses. Thymosin beta-4 concentrations were lower in females surrounded by two males (P < .01), but thymosin beta-4 did not differ in males surrounded by two females. Therefore, fetal weight differences may be related to immunological differences in fetuses at this stage of development. Alternatively, endocrine influences of adjoining fetuses may have occurred early during fetal development (d 20 to 40) but did not appear until the growth phase (d 75 to 110). RP WISE, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 70 IS 9 BP 2787 EP 2793 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JL070 UT WOS:A1992JL07000026 PM 1328127 ER PT J AU BYERLEY, DJ KISER, TE BERTRAND, JK KRAELING, RR AF BYERLEY, DJ KISER, TE BERTRAND, JK KRAELING, RR TI RELEASE OF LUTEINIZING-HORMONE AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF NALOXONE IN PREPUBERAL AND PERIPUBERTAL HEIFERS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PUBERTY; HEIFERS; LH; OPIOIDS; NALOXONE ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; BEEF HEIFERS; GONADOTROPIN-SECRETION; OPIOID INHIBITION; LH-SECRETION; PUBERTY; PERIOD; PITUITARY; COWS; ESTRADIOL-17-BETA AB This study was conducted to investigate regulation of LH release by opioid peptides during puberal development in beef heifers. Fourteen heifers were randomly assigned to receive naloxone (opioid antagonist) i.v. at dosages of either 1 mg . kg BW-1 . wk-1 (Dose 1) or .25 mg . kg BW-1 . wk-1 (Dose 2) for 13 wk or until puberty. Blood was sampled (one sample every 15 min) 6 h before (prenaloxone) and 2 h after naloxone administration. Two hours after naloxone administration, GnRH (10 ng/kg BW) was administered and blood was sampled for 1 h. Nine heifers attained puberty during the study. There were no differences between naloxone dosage groups for any measured variables. Therefore, heifers were grouped dependent on the attainment of puberty. Prenaloxone concentrations of serum LH and LH pulse frequency were normal for prepuberal heifers. Serum LH concentrations increased within 30 min after naloxone 135 of 139 times it was administered (P < .05). Serum LH concentrations during the hour after naloxone were higher (P < .05) than those during the hour before naloxone in both puberal and nonpuberal heifers. In puberal heifers, serum LH pulse height during the hour after naloxone was greater (P < .02) at 5 wk before puberty and lower (P < .02) the week before puberty than at other times during the trial. There was no effect of week on serum LH pulse height after naloxone in heifers that failed to attain puberty during the study. Response of LH to GnRH was similar between groups. We conclude that the opioid system is functional in heifers from the prepuberal period to the luteal phase of the puberal estrous cycle. In addition, LH concentrations in response to naloxone changed during puberal development and may indicate that opioids are related to events leading to puberty. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 70 IS 9 BP 2794 EP 2800 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JL070 UT WOS:A1992JL07000027 PM 1399896 ER PT J AU KILLEN, JH CHRISTENSON, RK FORD, JJ AF KILLEN, JH CHRISTENSON, RK FORD, JJ TI OVARIAN FOLLICULAR CHANGES AFTER WEANING IN SOWS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; OVARIES; ESTRADIOL; IGF-I; PROGESTERONE; ESTRUS ID GROWTH FACTOR-I; PREOVULATORY FOLLICLES; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; PROLACTIN SECRETION; GRANULOSA-CELLS; ESTROUS-CYCLE; WEANED SOW; INSULIN; GILTS; THECA AB Three experiments investigated ovarian follicular development in sows whose litters were weaned at 28 to 31 d of lactation. Unilateral ovariectomy near the time of weaning was used to assess early follicular characteristics and to identify those sows that would not return to estrus within 10 d after weaning. This allowed segregation of and exclusion from the study these sows that had a prolonged interval from weaning to first estrus. In Exp. 1, 82 and 72% of the large follicles that were marked at 48 or 72 h after weaning (10 sows per time point) were subsequently identified as corpora lutea. In Exp. 2, sows (seven to nine per time point) were unilaterally ovariectomized at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, or 48 h after weaning, and follicular fluid was evaluated for changes in steroid concentrations. Progesterone concentrations in fluid from medium-sized (4 to 6 mm) follicles increased by 6 h after weaning and then declined through 24 h concomitant with increases in testosterone and estradiol. For Exp. 3, follicular fluid and granulosa cells from individual follicles were obtained from sows (seven to nine per time point) at 0, 6, and 24 h after weaning. In follicular fluid, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations were not correlated (P > .05) with concentrations of progesterone, testosterone, or estradiol, or with granulosa cell production of estradiol during culture in androstenedione-supplemented medium. Observations from these studies indicate that stimulation of ovarian steroidogenesis in sows occurs by 6 h after weaning and that IGF-I is not an apparent primary stimulus for estradiol or progesterone production during the first 24 h after weaning. C1 USDA ARS, ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR, CLAY CTR, NE 68933 USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 70 IS 9 BP 2801 EP 2808 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JL070 UT WOS:A1992JL07000028 PM 1399897 ER PT J AU AMJED, M JUNG, HG DONKER, JD AF AMJED, M JUNG, HG DONKER, JD TI EFFECT OF ALKALINE HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE TREATMENT ON CELL-WALL COMPOSITION AND DIGESTION KINETICS OF SUGARCANE RESIDUES AND WHEAT STRAW SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALKALINE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; SUGARCANE; WHEAT STRAW; LIGNIN; POLYSACCHARIDES; DIGESTIBILITY ID FERULIC ACIDS; FIBER; DIGESTIBILITY; DEGRADABILITY; FORAGES; FERMENTATION; PHENOLICS; INVITRO; COTTON; ENERGY AB Our objective was to characterize changes in cell wall composition and digestibility of sugarcane bagasse, pith from bagasse, and wheat straw after treatment with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP). The AHP treatment solution contained 1 % H2O2 (wt/vol) maintained at pH 11.5 with NaOH. The H2O2 in solution amounted to 25 % of the quantity of substrate treated. After treatment, residues were washed and dried. Detergent fiber composition, total fiber components (neutral sugars, uronic acids, Klason lignin, and noncore lignin phenolic acids), IVDMD, in vitro digestion kinetics of NDF, and monosaccharide digestibilities (24 and 120 h) were determined. Total fiber (TF) and NDF concentrations of all treatment residues were increased (P < .05) over control substrates by AHP because of greater losses of cell solubles than of cell wall constituents. Hemicellulose:cellulose ratio in NDF of treatment residues was decreased (P < .05) by AHP for all substrates, but the neutral sugar composition of TF did not agree with this preferential loss of hemicellulose components. Klason lignin, ADL, and esterified noncore lignin, especially ferulic acid, were reduced (P < .05) by AHP, whereas etherified noncore lignin composition was unchanged. Treatment increased (P < .05) IVDMD, extent of NDF digestion, and monosaccharide digestibilities of all crop residues. The rate of NDF digestion was increased (P < .05) for the sugarcane residues but not for wheat straw. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide improved crop residue digestibility, probably as a result of the removal of core and noncore lignin fractions. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ANIM SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR CLUSTER,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 70 IS 9 BP 2877 EP 2884 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JL070 UT WOS:A1992JL07000037 PM 1328129 ER PT J AU COLE, NA AF COLE, NA TI INFLUENCE OF POSTFAST DIETARY CRUDE PROTEIN AND PHOSPHORUS-CONTENT ON NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, CALCIUM, AND MAGNESIUM REPLETION IN SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LAMBS; FASTING; REFEEDING; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; CALCIUM ID BEEF STEERS; CALVES; METABOLISM; TRANSIT; FEED AB An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of postfast dietary CP and P concentration on the repletion of N, P, Ca, and Mg lost during a 3-d fast in sheep. Four Suffolk wether lambs averaging 35 kg were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Lambs were fed a control diet (700 g/d; as-fed basis) for 14 d and were then deprived of feed and water for 3 d. Lambs were then fed one of four isoenergetic realimentation diets: 1) low CP/low P, 2) low CP/high P, 3) high CP/high P, and 4) high CP/very high P. Realimentation N and Mg intakes were 9.8 and 1.1 g/d for lambs fed the low-CP diet and 18.1 and 1.7 g/d for lambs fed the high-CP diets, respectively. Realimentation P intakes were 1.40, 2.36, 2.66, and 3.82 g/d for lambs fed Diets 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Nitrogen, P, Ca, and Mg apparent digestibility and balance and serum urea N, free fatty acids, P, Ca, Mg, and alkaline phosphatase were determined during the prefast, fast, and realimentation periods. Lambs fed the high-CP diets had higher (P < .05) N and P digestibility and balance than lambs fed the the low-CP diet. Increasing the dietary P content did not affect (P > .15) P balance or digestibility. In general, the realimentation diet fed did not affect (P > .15) serum concentrations of free fatty acids, alkaline phosphatase, inorganic P, Ca, or Mg. RP COLE, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 70 IS 9 BP 2893 EP 2900 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JL070 UT WOS:A1992JL07000039 PM 1399906 ER PT J AU MALLINSON, ET HENRY, AC ROWE, L AF MALLINSON, ET HENRY, AC ROWE, L TI DETERMINATION OF NITROIMIDAZOLE METABOLITES IN SWINE AND TURKEY MUSCLE BY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID DIMETRIDAZOLE RESIDUES; TISSUES AB The method described can determine hydroxy dimetridazole and hydroxy ipronidazole in turkey and swine muscle tissue at levels of 2 ppb. After an initial extraction with ethyl acetate and subsequent evaporation, the samples are solvated in acid and back-extracted. A C18 solid-phase extraction is performed after neutralization of the acidic extract. The basis for quantitation was an external standard containing both analytes. After performing 10 recovery curves with blank control tissue spiked at 0, 1, 2, and 4 ppb, the mean recoveries of hydroxy dimetridazole and hydroxy ipronidazole were 61.8 and 64.6%, respectively. Recovery variation was less than 20% for both analytes over all 10 curves. The performance of the extraction method was verified in tissues incurred through the dosing of live animals. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77845. RP MALLINSON, ET (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,MIDWESTERN LAB,ST LOUIS,MO 63115, USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 75 IS 5 BP 790 EP 796 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JQ076 UT WOS:A1992JQ07600006 ER PT J AU URANO, T TRUCKSESS, MW BEAVER, RW WILSON, DM DORNER, JW DOWELL, FE AF URANO, T TRUCKSESS, MW BEAVER, RW WILSON, DM DORNER, JW DOWELL, FE TI COOCCURRENCE OF CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID AND AFLATOXINS IN CORN AND PEANUTS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; MYCOTOXIN; TOXICITY; STRAINS; CLEANUP AB Fifty samples of peanuts and 45 samples of corn, collected in Georgia during 1990, were examined for the co-occurrence of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and aflatoxins (AF). The corn was collected from fields in Georgia, before harvest, under the mycotoxin-monitoring program of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service. The peanuts were designated for oil production or animal feed because of visible damage to the nutmeats. CPA was determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) using a linear gradient. Solvent A was methanol-water (85 + 15), and solvent B was 4 mM ZnSO4 in methanol-water (85 + 15). The gradient started at 0% B and reached 100% B at 1 0 min. AF were determined by RPLC with postcolumn iodination. Of the 45 com samples analyzed, 51% were contaminated with CPA (<25-2800 ng/g, av. 467 ng/g), and 87% were contaminated with AF (1-2300 ng/g, av. 252 ng/g). Of the 50 peanut samples, 90% contained CPA (<50-2900 ng/g, av. 460 ng/g), and 1 00% contained AF (3-22 000 ng/g, av. 1685 ng/g). The identity of CPA was confirmed in selected samples of corn and peanuts by mass spectrometry. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,TIFTON,GA 31793. USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,DAWSON,GA 31742. RP URANO, T (reprint author), US FDA,DIV CONTAMINANTS CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 20 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 5 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 75 IS 5 BP 838 EP 841 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JQ076 UT WOS:A1992JQ07600016 ER PT J AU POPRAWSKI, TJ YULE, WN AF POPRAWSKI, TJ YULE, WN TI FIELD ASSAYS TO DETERMINE ATTRACTANCY OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC LURES TO PHYLLOPHAGA-ANXIA (LECONTE) (COL, SCARABAEIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE ENTOMOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID BEETLE COLEOPTERA AB A study was initiated to evaluate selected natural and synthetic insect lures as attractants for adult Phyllophaga anxia (LeConte) during the flight season in southern Quebec, Canada. Modified European chafer traps baited with known scarab attractants or unbaited, were exposed in four infested fields. Overall, traps baited with n-hexanoic acid were the most attractive; they captured more beetles of both sexes than unbaited traps or traps baited with the arbitrary standard binary lure (beta-phenylethyl propionate:eugenol; 9:1). n-Hexanoic acid did not act as a sex attractant. Traps baited with phenol and with n-decanoic acid attracted more beetles than unbaited traps or traps baited with the other test-lures, n-hexanoic acid excepted. Traps baited with 21 of the test-lures failed to capture more beetles than unbaited traps. n-Hexanoic acid showed promise as an attractant after repeated testing; in only 1 of 8 comparisons did its effectiveness drop slightly below the standard. Traps baited with n-hexanoic acid captured about twice as many beetles as standard blacklight traps. The results of this study should provide a basis for future management strategies against the pest by supplementing present crop protection practices with behavior-modifying chemicals. n-Hexanoic acid could be further developed as a chemical attractant to deter adult P. anxia from crops and aggregate them in areas where they can be destroyed. C1 MCGILL UNIV,MACDONALD COLL,DEPT ENTOMOL,ST ANNE BELLEVUE H9X 1C0,QUEBEC,CANADA. RP POPRAWSKI, TJ (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol.-Z. Angew. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 114 IS 3 BP 305 EP 314 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JR649 UT WOS:A1992JR64900013 ER PT J AU LIEBHOLD, AM HALVERSON, JA ELMES, GA AF LIEBHOLD, AM HALVERSON, JA ELMES, GA TI GYPSY-MOTH INVASION IN NORTH-AMERICA - A QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE LYMNATRIA-DISPAR; LEPIDOPTERA; LYMANTRIIDAE; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS ID SPREAD AB The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), was accidentally introduced to North America in 1868 or 1869. Since that time, the range of this insect has spread to include most of the northeastern states in the US and eastern provinces of Canada. We compiled historical records of gypsy moth invasion in North America and assembled these data in a geographical information system (GIS). Individual US counties and Canadian census districts were used as the smallest spatial unit in this database. Data indicated that three distinct periods occurred during which spread rates differed: a high rate (9.45 km/year) from 1900 to 1915, a low rate (2.82 km/year) from 1916 to 1965, and a very high rate (20.78 km/year) from 1966 to 1990. Furthermore, expansion was slower (7.61 km/year) during the period of 1966-1990 in counties where the mean minimum temperature was less than 7-degrees (C). The rate of range expansion was independently calculated as 2.5 km/year from estimates of r, the intrinsic rate of increase, and D, the diffusion coefficient (dispersal magnitude) and a simple spread model. This estimate was substantially less than the empirically derived expansion rates. The higher observed rates of expansion may be due to human-caused movement of gypsy moth life stages which was not incorporated in estimates of D made here. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT GEOL & GEOG,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. RP LIEBHOLD, AM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPTL STN,180 CANFIELD ST,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 49 TC 165 Z9 179 U1 5 U2 40 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 19 IS 5 BP 513 EP 520 DI 10.2307/2845770 PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA KL473 UT WOS:A1992KL47300005 ER PT J AU GIEBULTOWICZ, JM JOY, JE AF GIEBULTOWICZ, JM JOY, JE TI ONTOGENY OF THE CIRCADIAN SYSTEM CONTROLLING RELEASE OF SPERM FROM THE INSECT TESTIS SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS LA English DT Article DE CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; CIRCADIAN PACEMAKER; TESTIS; SPERM; GYPSY MOTH AB In the gypsy moth, the release of sperm bundles from the testis into the vas deferens is rhythmic and is controlled by a circadian pacemaker located in the reproductive system. However, in males kept since pupation in constant darkness (DD) and temperature, the release of sperm was arrhythmic. The release of sperm became rhythmic when males were transferred from a light-dark cycle (LD 16:8) to DD 6-7 days after pupation- To further investigate the development of the circadian system during the pupal stage, we exposed DD pupae to a single 8-hr pulse of light or 8-hr pulse of a 4-degrees-C temperature increase on different days after pupation. The pattern of sperm release was determined 5-6 days after the pulse. Males that were exposed to light or temperature pulses 5 days after pupation subsequently showed nonrhythmic sperm release. However, about half of the pupae that received the pulse on day 6 and most of the pupae that received it on day 7 subsequently showed synchronized sperm release. These results suggested that the clock underlying rhythmic release of sperm becomes operational at approximately 6 days after pupation-that is, 2 days prior to initiation of rhythmic sperm release from the testis. C1 ST ELIZABETH HOSP,NIMH,CTR NEUROSCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20032. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ZOOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP GIEBULTOWICZ, JM (reprint author), USDA,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BLDG 306,ROOM 322,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0748-7304 J9 J BIOL RHYTHM JI J. Biol. Rhythms PD FAL PY 1992 VL 7 IS 3 BP 203 EP 212 DI 10.1177/074873049200700302 PG 10 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA JN163 UT WOS:A1992JN16300002 PM 1421474 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, BS NIELSEN, MT SEVERSON, RF SISSON, VA STEPHENSON, MK JACKSON, DM AF KENNEDY, BS NIELSEN, MT SEVERSON, RF SISSON, VA STEPHENSON, MK JACKSON, DM TI LEAF SURFACE CHEMICALS FROM NICOTIANA AFFECTING GERMINATION OF PERONOSPORA-TABACINA (ADAM) SPORANGIA SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NICOTIANA; PERONOSPORA-TABACINA; BLUE MOLD; LEAF SURFACE CHEMISTRY; DITERPENES; SUGAR ESTERS ID TOBACCO-LEAVES; CUTICULAR COMPONENTS; DUVATRIENEDIOLS; DITERPENES; BUDWORM AB A bioassay was used to evaluate the effects of cuticular leaf components, isolated from N. tabacum, N. glutinosa (accessions 24 and 24a), and 23 other Nicotiana species, on germination of P. tabacina (blue mold). The leaf surface compounds included alpha- and beta-4,8,13,-duvatriene-1,3-diols (DVT-diols), (13-E)-labda-13-ene-8-alpha-,15-diol (labdenediol), (12-Z)-labda-12,14-diene-8-alpha-ol (cis-abienol), (13-R)-labda-8,14-diene-13-ol (manool), 2-hydroxymanool, a mixture of (13-R)-labda-14-ene-8-alpha,13-diol (sclareol), and (13-S)labda-14-ene-8-alpha,13-diol (episclareol), and various glucose and/or sucrose ester isolates. The above in acetone were applied onto leaf disks of the blue mold-susceptible N. tabacum cv. TI 1406, which was then inoculated with blue mold sporangia. Estimated IC50 values (inhibitory concentration) were 3.0-mu-g/cm2 for alpha-DVT-diol, 2.9-mu-g/cm2 for beta-DVT-diol, 0.4-mu-g/cm2 for labdenediol and 4.7-mu-g/cm2 for the sclareol mixture. Manool, 2-hydroxymanool, and cis-abienol at application rates up to 30-mu-g/cm2 had little or no effect on sporangium germination. Glucose and/or sucrose ester isolates from the cuticular leaf extracts of 23 Nicotiana species and three different fractions from N. bigelovii were also evaluated for antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 30-mu-g/cm2. Germination was inhibited by >20% when exposed to sugar esters isolated from N. acuminata, N. benthamiana, N. attenuata, N. cleve-landii, and N. miersii, and accessions 10 and 12 of N. bigelovii. These results imply that a number of compounds may influence resistance to blue mold in tobacco. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,OXFORD,NC 27565. USDA ARS,GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1467 EP 1479 DI 10.1007/BF00993221 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JN972 UT WOS:A1992JN97200001 PM 24254279 ER PT J AU HOGAN, ME MANNERS, GD AF HOGAN, ME MANNERS, GD TI EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND SUCROSE CONCENTRATION ON HYDROQUINONE TOXICITY IN LEAFY SPURGE SUSPENSION-CULTURE CELLS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LEAFY SPURGE; EUPHORBIA-ESULA; SMALL EVERLASTING; ANTENNARIA-MICROPHYLLA; HYDROQUINONE; ARBUTIN; SUCROSE; TISSUE CULTURE; BIOTRANSFORMATION; ALLELOPATHY ID EUPHORBIA-ESULA; ANTENNARIA-MICROPHYLLA; ROOTS AB Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge) suspension culture cell bioassays were used to determine whether sucrose accumulation enhanced the glucosylation (detoxification) of hydroquinone in this noxious weed. The bioassay results indicate that cold temperatures and exogenous hydroquinone represent a dual stress to spurge cell growth that can be partially ameliorated by hydrolysis of sucrose. The persistent susceptibility of leafy spurge suggests that hydroquinone-producing forage plants (which are not toxic to animals) might be used as natural competitors. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1541 EP 1549 DI 10.1007/BF00993227 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JN972 UT WOS:A1992JN97200007 PM 24254285 ER PT J AU BAKER, JD HEATH, RR MILLAR, JG AF BAKER, JD HEATH, RR MILLAR, JG TI AN EQUILIBRIUM AND STABILITY STUDY OF DELTA-1-PYRROLINE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 3,4-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRROLE; PHEROMONE; DELTA-1-PYRROLINE; [1H]NMR SPECTROSCOPY; [C-13]NMR SPECTROSCOPY; EQUILIBRIUM; MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE ID MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; 1-PYRROLINE; PHEROMONE; MALES AB Several properties of the compound 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole (DELTA-1-pyrroline), which has been reported as a component of the male-produced Mediterranean fruit fly pheromone, have been determined by [H-1]- and [C-13]nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The stability of DELTA-1-pyrroline in several solvents and at moderately elevated temperatures has been investigated, and it has been established that it exists as both a monomer and trimer in solution. Although equilibrium studies indicate that the trimer is thermodynamically more stable than the monomer in solution, only the monomer was found in the vapor phase based on infrared analysis. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT ENTOMOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1595 EP 1602 DI 10.1007/BF00993232 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JN972 UT WOS:A1992JN97200012 PM 24254290 ER PT J AU BRODERICK, GA ABRAMS, SM ROTZ, CA AF BRODERICK, GA ABRAMS, SM ROTZ, CA TI RUMINAL INVITRO DEGRADABILITY OF PROTEIN IN ALFALFA HARVESTED AS STANDING FORAGE OR BALED HAY SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA PROTEIN; RUMINAL DEGRADABILITY; BALED HAY; STANDING FORAGE ID SILAGE; DIGESTION; QUALITY; RUMEN; COWS AB Eighty-nine samples, 45 of standing forage and 44 of baled hay, were collected from alfalfa harvested at various maturities over three cuttings each during 2 yr. Alfalfa was cut and conditioned mechanically; samples of standing forage were collected by removing bunches of forage from windrows and freeze-drying them. Forage was allowed to field cure and was harvested at an average 80% DM as small rectangular bales; samples of baled hay were collected by coring bales after storing for 3 to 6 mo. Samples were analyzed for DM, ADF, total N, fractions of total N present as ADIN, N degraded at 0 h, and potentially degradable protein N. Ruminal protein degradation rates and escapes were estimated using an inhibitor in vitro system, assuming that ADIN was unavailable and that ruminal passage rate was .06/h. Standing forage contained smaller fractions of ADIN and N degraded at 0 h, contained a larger fraction of potentially degradable N, and had more rapid degradation rates and lower estimated protein escapes than baled hay. Mean degradation rates and estimated escapes were .171/h and 24% for standing forage and .075/h and 40% for baled hay. There were no differences in degradation rate or estimated escape because of harvest year, and neither was significantly related to maturity or to ADF concentration. Results indicate a significant advantage in ruminal protein escape, compared with grazed alfalfa, for alfalfa harvested and stored as hay. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,USDA,REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP BRODERICK, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 75 IS 9 BP 2440 EP 2446 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78005-9 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA JM277 UT WOS:A1992JM27700013 PM 1452848 ER PT J AU TUNG, RS KUNG, L SLYTER, LL AF TUNG, RS KUNG, L SLYTER, LL TI INVITRO EFFECTS OF THE THIOPEPTIDE-A10255 ON RUMINAL FERMENTATION AND MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE THIOPEPTIDE; RUMINAL FERMENTATION ID STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS; RUMEN FERMENTATION; CONTINUOUS CULTURE; MONENSIN; BACTERIA; MICROORGANISMS; ANTIBIOTICS; DEGRADATION; PROTEIN; GROWTH AB Experiments used unadapted mixed cultures of ruminal microorganisms in batch or continuous culture fermentation to investigate the effect of a thiopeptide, A10255, on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations. After 24 h of fermentation in batch culture, addition of A10255 (.5 to 20 ppm of the culture fluid) to 0, 45, 60, and 75% concentrate diets had no effect on total VFA but increased molar proportion of propionate and decreased butyrate. The molar proportion of acetate was decreased by treatment only in the 0 and 75% concentrate diets. The increase in molar proportion of propionate by 20 ppm of A10255 was less than the increase caused by a similar concentration of monensin. The same concentration of A10255 (20 ppm) decreased ADF digestion less than 20 ppm of monensin. In continuous culture, A10255 (33 mg/kg of dietary DM) did not affect total VFA concentration, culture pH, OM digestion, or ADF digestion. Ruminal bacterial populations of total anaerobes and lactate-producing, lactate-utilizing, cellulolytic and amylolytic bacteria were unaffected by treatment. However, molar proportions of acetate, butyrate, and isovalerate were decreased, and propionate was increased, by addition of A10255. C1 UNIV DELAWARE,COLL AGR SCI,DEPT ANIM SCI & AGR BIOCHEM,DELAWARE AGR EXPT STN,NEWARK,DE 19717. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 75 IS 9 BP 2494 EP 2503 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78011-4 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA JM277 UT WOS:A1992JM27700019 PM 1452854 ER PT J AU BANOS, G WIGGANS, GR ROBINSON, JAB AF BANOS, G WIGGANS, GR ROBINSON, JAB TI COMPARISON OF METHODS TO RANK BULLS ACROSS COUNTRIES SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE JOINT EVALUATION; INTERNATIONAL SIRE COMPARISON; LINEAR MODEL; CONVERSION ID INTERNATIONAL EVALUATION; DAIRY SIRES; MODEL; POPULATIONS AB Ayrshire (5149) and Jersey (10,525) bulls born in Canada and the US between 1950 and 1985 were ranked for genetic merit for milk and fat yields. Ranking methods included two joint evaluations (US and Canadian) using lactation records from both countries, a linear model combination of evaluations from each country's national evaluations, combined US national and converted Canadian evaluations, and combined Canadian national and converted US evaluations. Correlations of linear model combined evaluations for milk yield with joint evaluations were .96 for Ayrshires and .98 for Jerseys for US joint evaluations and .89 and .84 for Canadian joint evaluations. Correlations of combined national and converted evaluations with joint evaluations ranged from .88 to .94 for Ayrshires and from .83 to .98 for Jerseys. Variation and correlations between joint and linear model combined evaluations were consistent across birth year of bull. Sire-son correlations were similar for US joint and linear model combined evaluations but were lower for Canadian joint evaluations. Estimated genetic progress for bulls born from 1970 to 1985 was similar for Jerseys from US joint and linear model combined evaluations but for Ayrshires was over 25% higher from US joint evaluation than from linear model combined evaluation. For both breeds, progress estimated from Canadian joint evaluation was over 20% lower than from linear model combined evaluation. Results for milk and fat yields were similar. Joint evaluation provides the most accurate evaluations because it uses all relationships. However, because linear model combination evaluations are highly correlated with joint evaluations and usually are superior to national evaluations extended with converted foreign evaluations, they are recommended if joint evaluation is not feasible. C1 UNIV GUELPH,CTR GENET IMPROVEMENT LIVESTOCK,DEPT ANIM & POULTRY SCI,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. AGR CANADA,DIV LIVESTOCK DEV,AGR DEV BRANCH,OTTAWA K1A 0C5,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 75 IS 9 BP 2560 EP 2568 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78018-7 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA JM277 UT WOS:A1992JM27700026 ER PT J AU BRODERICK, GA MERCHEN, NR AF BRODERICK, GA MERCHEN, NR TI MARKERS FOR QUANTIFYING MICROBIAL PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS IN THE RUMEN SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MICROBIAL MARKERS; MICROBIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; PURINES ID RUMINAL NITROGEN-METABOLISM; DIETARY UREA CONCENTRATION; NEGATIVE BACTERIAL-CELLS; 2-AMINOETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID; PURINE DERIVATIVES; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; AMINO-ACIDS; ENERGY-LEVEL; 2,2'-DIAMINOPIMELIC ACID; DIAMINOPIMELIC ACID AB Measurement of ruminal microbial protein is necessary to quantify ruminal escape of dietary protein and microbial yields. Microbial markers used most widely have been the internal markers, diaminopimelic acid and nucleic acids (RNA, DNA, individual purines and pyrimidines, or total purines), and the external isotopic markers (e.g., N-15 and S-35). Combined with digesta flow markers in ruminally and abomasally or intestinally cannulated ruminants, microbial yields can be estimated. An ideal marker system must account for both the bacterial and protozoal pools associated with both the fluid and particulate phases of digesta. No marker has proven completely satisfactory; hence, yield estimates are relative rather than absolute. Total purines represent robust microbial markers that should be adaptable by most investigators. Principal concerns about total purines relate to unequal purine:N ratios in protozoal and bacterial pools and to the need to assume that dietary purines are completely degraded in the rumen. A theoretically sounder, but more costly, method is continuous intraruminal infusion of N-15 ammonium salts. However, N-15 enrichments of bacterial and protozoal pools are not equal, so the basis for calculating microbial yield in faunated ruminants is uncertain. Urinary purine excretion may prove to be a noninvasive method for estimating microbial protein yields in intact dairy cows. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. RP BRODERICK, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 88 TC 133 Z9 140 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 75 IS 9 BP 2618 EP 2632 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78024-2 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA JM277 UT WOS:A1992JM27700032 PM 1452862 ER PT J AU STERN, NJ LINE, JE AF STERN, NJ LINE, JE TI COMPARISON OF 3 METHODS FOR RECOVERY OF CAMPYLOBACTER SPP FROM BROILER CARCASSES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID JEJUNI; POULTRY; COLI AB We compared three enrichment methods, with different sampling times (mid-and endpoint incubation) and various dilutions of enrichment culture for productivity in the isolation of Campylobacter spp. from 50 retail-level chicken carcasses. We subcultured the enrichment cultures onto three Campylobacter spp.-selective media (Campy-BAP, CCDA, Campy-Cefex) to compare yields of the organism. The highest yield (43/50) of Campylobacter spp. from these carcasses was derived by using the 24-h enrichment culture of Hunt & Radle diluted 1:100 before plating onto any of the three selective plating media. When all carcass analyses were combined, Campylobacter spp. was recovered from 49 of 50 broilers. This study indicates the optimum approaches for the recovery of Campylobacter spp., as well as the high incidence of the organism among the broiler carcasses tested. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. RP STERN, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POULTRY MICROBIOL SAFETY RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 15 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 55 IS 9 BP 663 EP 666 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA JN545 UT WOS:A1992JN54500001 ER PT J AU SAPERS, GM MILLER, RL AF SAPERS, GM MILLER, RL TI ENZYMATIC BROWNING CONTROL IN POTATO WITH ASCORBIC ACID-2-PHOSPHATES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POTATO; BROWNING; ENZYME; PHOSPHATE; INHIBITORS ID APPLE; INHIBITORS; AGENTS; VACUUM; TISSUE; ACID AB Treated potato samples were evaluated for browning by tristimulus colorimetry and for browning inhibitor uptake by HPLC. Treatment effectiveness was greatly improved by reducing pH to 2.0 with phosphoric acid to inhibit endogenous acid phosphatase and by using combinations of ascorbic acid (AA), AA-2-phosphate and AA-2-triphosphate to provide for gradual release of AA at treated surfaces. Treatment with dips containing the AA-2-phosphates extended storage life of potato dice and pre-peeled potatoes by 5-7 days over that obtained with conventional browning inhibitor formulations but induced some leakage at cut surfaces. RP SAPERS, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 19 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1132 EP 1135 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb11281.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JR781 UT WOS:A1992JR78100031 ER PT J AU WANG, XY KOZEMPEL, MG HICKS, KB SEIB, PA AF WANG, XY KOZEMPEL, MG HICKS, KB SEIB, PA TI VITAMIN-C STABILITY DURING PREPARATION AND STORAGE OF POTATO FLAKES AND RECONSTITUTED MASHED POTATOES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POTATO FLAKES; REHYDRATION; VITAMIN-C; DRUM DRYING ID L-ASCORBATE AB High performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was used to follow losses of L-ascorbic acid (AsA) in the processing and serving of fortified mashed potatoes. Cumulative losses of AsA were: 56% for adding AsA to freshly mashed potatoes at 251 ppm (wet basis); 82% drum-drying the potatoes; 82% storing the flakes 4.3 months at 25-degrees-C, and 96% reconstituting mashed potatoes and holding them 30 min on a steam table. The mashed potatoes at the point of ingestion would contain 10 ppm AsA (wet basis), and one serving size (100g) would provide 2% of the adult RDA. Fortification with equivalent levels of magnesium L-ascorbate 2-monophosphate (AsMP) or sodium L-ascorbate 2-polyphosphate (AsPP) gave overall cumulative losses of 20 or 32%, respectively. Such reconstituted mashed potatoes contained 201 ppm and 171 ppm AsA respectively, and one serving would provide about 33% of the RDA of vitamin C. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP WANG, XY (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT GRAIN SCI,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1136 EP 1139 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb11282.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JR781 UT WOS:A1992JR78100032 ER PT J AU SAPERS, GM AF SAPERS, GM TI CHITOSAN ENHANCES CONTROL OF ENZYMATIC BROWNING IN APPLE AND PEAR JUICE BY FILTRATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE APPLE; PEAR; BROWNING; CHITOSAN; FILTRATION; CENTRIFUGATION ID FRUITS AB Browning could be prevented in McIntosh apple juice by the addition of at least 200 ppm chitosan, irrespective of the chitosan product tested, followed by filtration with diatomaceous earth filter aid. Chitosan at 1000 ppm was required to prevent browning in juice from ripe Bartlett and Bosc pears. Juice from very ripe Bartlett pears did not respond to chitosan treatment. Chitosan addition interfered with the prevention of browning in apple and pear juice by centrifugation. RP SAPERS, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1192 EP 1193 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb11296.x PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JR781 UT WOS:A1992JR78100046 ER PT J AU YAO, F DULL, G EITENMILLER, R AF YAO, F DULL, G EITENMILLER, R TI TOCOPHEROL QUANTIFICATION BY HPLC IN PECANS AND RELATIONSHIP TO KERNEL QUALITY DURING STORAGE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PECANS; TOCOPHEROLS; CONJUGATED DIENES; SATURATION INDEX ID STEAM HEATING TREATMENTS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VITAMIN-E; COLOR; FOODS AB Changes in tocopherols were followed in Stuart, Desirable and Schley cultivars during storage at 23.9-degrees-C and 60-70% RH and 0.6-degrees-C and 75% RH for 12 mo. Quality changes in the pecans were monitored using Hunter color measurements and conjugated diene measurement. alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols were found in the three cultivars and gamma-tocopherol was the primary form in each. Decreases of gamma- and total tocopherols and L, hue angle and saturation index values were observed for pecans stored at 23.9-degrees-C (P < 0.05). Positive correlations (P < 0.05) were found between gamma- and total tocopherols and Hunter color values for samples stored at 23.9-degrees-C. Conjugated diene levels did not correlate with tocopherol levels and Hunter values (P < 0.05). Pecans could be stored at 0.6-degrees-C and 75% RH for 12 mo without changes in kernel color, oil quality, tocopherols or conjugated diene levels. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD RUSSELL RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP YAO, F (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1194 EP 1197 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb11297.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JR781 UT WOS:A1992JR78100047 ER PT J AU BURKMAN, WG HERTEL, GD AF BURKMAN, WG HERTEL, GD TI FOREST HEALTH MONITORING - A NATIONAL PROGRAM TO DETECT, EVALUATE, AND UNDERSTAND CHANGE SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP BURKMAN, WG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST HLTH PROTECT,NORTHEASTERN AREA,RADNOR,PA, USA. NR 1 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 90 IS 9 BP 26 EP 27 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JL557 UT WOS:A1992JL55700021 ER PT J AU LEAK, WB AF LEAK, WB TI VEGETATIVE CHANGE AS AN INDEX OF FOREST ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT - CONSIDERING A MEASURE OTHER THAN GROWTH DECLINE SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID RED SPRUCE; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; NEW-ENGLAND; AGE RP LEAK, WB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 90 IS 9 BP 32 EP 35 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JL557 UT WOS:A1992JL55700023 ER PT J AU WEST, T AF WEST, T TI CREATING THE EASTERN FORESTS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP WEST, T (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,HIST UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 90 IS 9 BP 36 EP 36 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JL557 UT WOS:A1992JL55700024 ER PT J AU BEASLEY, JL AF BEASLEY, JL TI SUPPORTING FREE SPEECH RIGHTS OF FOREST SERVICE EMPLOYEES SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material RP BEASLEY, JL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ADM,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 90 IS 9 BP 39 EP 39 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JL557 UT WOS:A1992JL55700027 ER PT J AU CURTIS, CA DOYLE, GG AF CURTIS, CA DOYLE, GG TI PRODUCTION OF ANEUPLOID AND DIPLOID EGGS BY MEIOTIC MUTANTS OF MAIZE SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT; GENETIC-CONTROL; MEIOSIS AB Mutations that affect meiosis in maize (Zea mays L.) have most often been discovered because of their negative effects on pollen fertility. Their precise effects during meiosis were confirmed subsequently through cytological studies of male meiosis. In our investigation, 11 such mutants (afd, am1, am2, dsy, dv, dy, pam1, pam2, po, va1, and va2) were analyzed for their effects on female meiosis. Since the cytological study of female meiosis is extremely difficult, an indirect approach was used. Homozygous mutant plants were crossed as females by a diploid inbred line and separately by an autotetraploid line. Chromosome constitutions of egg cells were deduced from chromosome constitutions of progeny. Aneuploid eggs can indicate chromosome nondisjunction or fragmentation during female meiosis; diploid (2n) eggs can indicate a failure of the first or second meiotic division. Differences between a meiotic mutation's inferred effects in megaspore mother cells (MMCs) and those observed directly in pollen mother cells (PMCs) were sometimes found. These differences suggest separate genetic control in PMCs and MMCs of certain meiotic functions. The potential of these mutations as sources of egg cells with unusual or novel chromosome constitutions was also considered. Two percent of small-sized kernels from variable sterile-1 (va 1) and variable sterile-2 (va2) ears had telocentric chromosomes or isochromosomes. The frequency of aneuploidson va1 and va2 ears was 18-fold greater among small-sized kernels than among normal-sized kernels. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. RP CURTIS, CA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT BOT & PLANT SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 83 IS 5 BP 335 EP 341 PG 7 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA JV053 UT WOS:A1992JV05300003 ER PT J AU HANNA, WW BURTON, GW AF HANNA, WW BURTON, GW TI GENETICS OF RED AND PURPLE PLANT COLOR IN PEARL-MILLET SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note ID MUTANTS AB Inheritance and linkage information on pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] mutants is needed to use them effectively as markers in genetic studies and breeding work. Two plant color mutants, Rp1 (red) and Rp2 (purple), were determined to be allelic and controlled by single dominant alleles. Rp1 is dominant over Rp2 and normal green, whereas Rp2 is dominant to normal green. Red plant color can be distinguished at 5 days after emergence, whereas purple was not distinguishable until 2 weeks after emergence. The Rp1-Rp2 locus was independent of the trichomeless (tr), yellow (yn1), female sterile (fs), and light green (Ign1) loci but linked to the dwarf (d2) locus (about 28% recombination) C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL AGR,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP HANNA, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 83 IS 5 BP 386 EP 388 PG 3 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA JV053 UT WOS:A1992JV05300012 ER PT J AU GOODRICH, DC AF GOODRICH, DC TI THE KINEMATIC WAVE CONTROVERSY - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP GOODRICH, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. RI Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 1992 VL 118 IS 9 BP 1334 EP 1335 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:9(1334) PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA JK691 UT WOS:A1992JK69100011 ER PT J AU WOOLHISER, DA AF WOOLHISER, DA TI THE KINEMATIC WAVE CONTROVERSY - DISCUSSION SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion RP WOOLHISER, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 1992 VL 118 IS 9 BP 1337 EP 1339 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:9(1337.2) PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA JK691 UT WOS:A1992JK69100013 ER PT J AU PIONKE, HB DEWALLE, DR AF PIONKE, HB DEWALLE, DR TI INTRASTORM AND INTERSTORM O-18 TRENDS FOR SELECTED RAINSTORMS IN PENNSYLVANIA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL; NEVADA AB Rainfall was collected in central Pennsylvania from 33 storms during autumn 1989 and spring 1990. The variability of O-18 content among 33 storms and within 10 storms is described and also examined in terms of weather type (air mass source and frontal activity) and storm characteristics (rainfall amount, intensity and duration). From storm to storm, the O-18 content expressed as deltaO-18 varied greatly (+2.79 to -24.65 parts per thousand), but showed greatest variability for the smaller rainstorms with low intensities. Also, O-18 depletion was greatest for storms of Atlantic (-10.9 parts-per thousand) vs. Gulf (-6.2 parts per thousand) origin. Within a storm, the O-18 content varied greatly, but usually was depleted as the storm continued. For one storm, the deltaO-18 decreased from -4.00 to -20.00 parts per thousand over a 10 h span of continuous rainfall. The most rapid changes in deltaO-18 (2-6 parts per thousand h-1) within a storm occurred mostly during storm intervals characterized by rapidly increasing rainfall intensities associated with moderate to high rainfall rates (more than 5 mm h-1). When these bursts occurred within longer storms, the most rapid changes in O-18 content were associated with the higher rainfall intensities. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,ENVIRONM RESOURCES RES INST,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP PIONKE, HB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NE WATERSHED RES CTR,117 RES OFF BLDG,HASTINGS RD,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 143 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(92)90160-W PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA JT547 UT WOS:A1992JT54700009 ER PT J AU VANDENBERG, JD AF VANDENBERG, JD TI BIOASSAY OF THE CHALKBROOD FUNGUS ASCOSPHAERA-AGGREGATA ON LARVAE OF THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE, MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOASSAY; CHALKBROOD; ASCOSPHAERA-AGGREGATA; MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA; ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE; INSECT MYCOSIS ID SYMPTOMATOLOGY; FUNGICIDES RP VANDENBERG, JD (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BEE BIOL & SYSTEMAT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. RI Van den Berg, Johnnie/M-7256-2013 OI Van den Berg, Johnnie/0000-0002-6831-3180 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 60 IS 2 BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(92)90090-Q PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JK791 UT WOS:A1992JK79100009 ER PT J AU VANDENBERG, JD AF VANDENBERG, JD TI CHALKBROOD SUSCEPTIBILITY AMONG LARVAE OF THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE, MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA, FROM DIFFERENT SOURCE POPULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE BIOASSAY; CHALKBROOD; ASCOSPHAERA-AGGREGATA; MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA; ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE; INSECT MYCOSIS ID ASCOSPHAERA-AGGREGATA RESISTANCE; LINES RP VANDENBERG, JD (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BEE BIOL & SYSTEMAT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. RI Van den Berg, Johnnie/M-7256-2013 OI Van den Berg, Johnnie/0000-0002-6831-3180 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 60 IS 2 BP 213 EP 214 DI 10.1016/0022-2011(92)90102-A PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JK791 UT WOS:A1992JK79100021 ER PT J AU WICKS, JM BATHURST, JC JOHNSON, CW AF WICKS, JM BATHURST, JC JOHNSON, CW TI CALIBRATING SHE SOIL-EROSION MODEL FOR DIFFERENT LAND COVERS SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEME HYDROLOGIQUE EUROPEEN; SPLASH DETACHMENT; INFILTRATION; RUNOFF AB Calibration of the rainfall and overland flow erodibility coefficients of a physically based erosion and sediment yield component for the Systeme Hydrologique Europeen (SHE) modeling system is demonstrated using data from 32.54-m2-field rainfall-simulator plots with tilled, tilled-twice, clipped, grazed, and ungrazed land treatments. Good sensitivity to the major classes of treatment is exhibited, but the fine detail of variation for a given land cover is less well represented. This is a result of a lack of quantitative understanding of relevant processes that can be remedied only through detailed process studies. Good simulations of overland flow response were achieved for successive rain applications on wetted soil. Difficulties experienced in simulating overland flow response for dry soil probably resulted from poor definition of the soil hydraulic properties for dry conditions. Tests using other soil erosion data show that laboratory calibration of the erodibility coefficients is unreliable, while sensitivity of the simulated sediment yield to the input flow data indicates the need for accurate flow calibrations. C1 UNIV NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,WATER RESOURCE SYST RES UNIT,NAT ENVIRONM RES COUNCIL,NEWCASTLE TYNE NE1 7RU,TYNE & WEAR,ENGLAND. USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,BOISE,ID 83712. RP WICKS, JM (reprint author), SIR WILLIAM HALCROW & PARTNERS LTD,BURDEROP PK,SWINDON SN4 0QD,ENGLAND. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 118 IS 5 BP 708 EP 723 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1992)118:5(708) PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA JN970 UT WOS:A1992JN97000004 ER PT J AU WELTZ, MA ARSLAN, AB LANE, LJ AF WELTZ, MA ARSLAN, AB LANE, LJ TI HYDRAULIC ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENTS FOR NATIVE RANGELANDS SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID OVERLAND-FLOW; SURFACE RUNOFF; RESISTANCE AB A subfactor-based regression technique for estimating hydraulic roughness coefficients for shallow overland flow was developed from simulated rainfall/runoff plots originally collected for erosion studies. The data were collected from 14 different native rangeland areas in the western United States. Rainfall was applied at a constant intensity of 65 mm/hr from a rotating-boom rainfall simulator. Surfaces evaluated ranged from smooth bare soil to gravelly bare soil and sparsely to densely vegetated rangeland areas. A reference table of "effective roughness" coefficients for shallow overland flow is presented with a description of site characteristics. The derived roughness regression equations predict an "effective Darcy-Wiesbach roughness coefficient" for native rangeland (r2 = 0.70) that incorporates the effect of raindrop impact, soil texture, random roughness, rocks, litter, and canopy and basal plant cover. The sites evaluated in the paper covered a wide range of vegetation types and included short-, mid-, and tallgrass prairies; desert shrubs and sagebrush; and oak and pinyon-juniper woodlands. No trend in effective roughness coefficient associated with type of vegetation (grass or shrub) or soil texture was apparent. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT SOIL & WATER,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP WELTZ, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 29 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 118 IS 5 BP 776 EP 790 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1992)118:5(776) PG 15 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA JN970 UT WOS:A1992JN97000009 ER PT J AU SHIRLEY, ED LOPES, VL AF SHIRLEY, ED LOPES, VL TI NORMAL-DEPTH CALCULATIONS IN COMPLEX CHANNEL SECTIONS - CLOSURE SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Discussion C1 UNIV ARIZONA,SCH RENEWABLE NAT RESOURCE,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP SHIRLEY, ED (reprint author), USDA ARS,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 118 IS 5 BP 836 EP 837 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1992)118:5(836.2) PG 2 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA JN970 UT WOS:A1992JN97000017 ER PT J AU ENDRIS, RG HESS, WR CAIADO, JM AF ENDRIS, RG HESS, WR CAIADO, JM TI AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS-INFECTION IN THE IBERIAN SOFT TICK, ORNITHODOROS (PAVLOVSKYELLA) MAROCANUS (ACARI, ARGASIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARACHNIDA; ORNITHODOROS (P) MAROCANUS; ARBOVIRUS; AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS ID EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION; MOUBATA-PORCINUS; ERRATICUS AB One thousand six hundred Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) marocanus Velu larvae were fed on a pig infected with African swine fever virus (titer: 10(7.4) HAd50/ml), and 1,600 larvae were fed on an uninfected pig. Ticks in each group were compared for mortality rates, mean time to death for ticks that died, mean time from feeding to either molting or eclosion, percentage of ticks that eclosed or molted, and the number of blood meals per nymph or instar. Cumulative vims-induced mortality for all immature stages (larvae to adult) of 0. marocanus that had been fed as larvae on a pig infected with African swine fever was ca. 73% over a 390-d period. In contrast, < 9% mortality was observed among ticks fed on uninfected pigs. Mean time to death for infected ticks was 15-87 d versus 10-17 d for uninfected ticks. Differences in the premolt period (number of days from blood meal to molt) between infected and control ticks were not observed. Mean premolt periods for larvae and first-, second-, third-, fourth-, and fifth-instar nymphs fed on pigs were 7,9, 15, 11, 15, and 15 d, respectively. The majority of infected and all uninfected ticks required only one blood meal from pigs to molt. Mean weights for unfed second-, third-, and fourth-instar nymphs and males and females were 0.50,0.67,3.07,3.63, and 5.91 mg, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,NAA,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 29 IS 5 BP 874 EP 878 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA JN291 UT WOS:A1992JN29100024 PM 1404269 ER PT J AU NICKLE, WR SHAPIRO, M AF NICKLE, WR SHAPIRO, M TI USE OF A STILBENE BRIGHTENER, TINOPAL LPW, AS A RADIATION PROTECTANT FOR STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE; NEMATODE; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; STILBENE; TINOPAL LPW; ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT ID ULTRAVIOLET PROTECTANTS; ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODE; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; SUNLIGHT; VIRUS AB A stilbene fluorescent brightener, Tinopal LPW, was used as an ultraviolet (UV) protectant for the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (All strain). Irradiation of an aqueous suspension of nematodes produced a LC50 in 15.7 minutes under a sunlamp and in 31.7 minutes in direct sunlight. Irradiation by both sunlamp and sunlight of a suspension of nematodes in Tinopal LPW did not reduce their biological activity as measured by their ability to parasitize wax moth larvae after exposure of 8 hours and 4 hours, respectively. Tinopal LPW appeared promising as a radiation protectant. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP NICKLE, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 24 IS 3 BP 371 EP 373 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JL946 UT WOS:A1992JL94600009 PM 19283011 ER PT J AU GRIFFIN, GD AF GRIFFIN, GD TI PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PRATYLENCHUS-NEGLECTUS ON WHEATGRASSES SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AGROPYRON-CRISTATUM; AGROPYRON-DESERTORUM; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; ELYMUS-LANCEOLATUS; NEMATODE; REPRODUCTION; ROOT WEIGHT; SHOOT WEIGHT; SNAKE RIVER WHEATGRASS; SUSCEPTIBLE; TEMPERATURE; TOLERANCE ID POPULATIONS; PATHOGENICITY; ALFALFA; SOIL AB In controlled greenhouse and growth chamber studies, Pratylenchus neglectus reduced dry shoot and dry root weight of rangeland grasses. Greenar intermediate wheatgrass and Secar Snake River wheatgrass were more susceptible to P. neglectus than Hycrest crested wheatgrass, Fairway crested wheatgrass, and Nordan crested wheatgrass at a greenhouse bench temperature of 26 +/- 3 C. Hycrest was the most tolerant to parasitism by P. neglectus. An initial nematode inoculum density of four nematodes/cm3 soil reduced dry shoot weights of Hycrest, Fairway, Nordan, Greenar, and Secar by 22%, 33%, 36%, 47%, and 49%, and reduced dry root weights by 26%, 31%, 32%, 38%, and 42%. There was a positive relationship between dry root weight, the nematode inoculum density, and the nematode reproduction index (final nematode population/initial nematode inoculum). However, there were more nematodes/g root tissue on Secar than on the crested wheatgrasses, and significantly more nematodes/g root tissue on Greenar, Fairway, and Nordan than on Hycrest. Pratylenchus neglectus was most pathogenic at four nematodes/cm3 soil at 30 C and least pathogenic at one nematode/cm3 soil at 15 C. Greenar and Secar were more susceptible to the nematode than Hycrest, Fairway, and Nordan at two and four nematodes/cm3 soil at 20 to 30 C. The nematode reproductive indices were greatest at 30 C and were positively correlated with dry root weight. Secar supported the most and Hycrest had the fewest nematodes/g root. RP GRIFFIN, GD (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 24 IS 3 BP 442 EP 449 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA JL946 UT WOS:A1992JL94600019 PM 19283021 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, BW WONG, WW SHENG, HP MERSMANN, HJ INSULL, W KLEIN, PD FIOROTTO, ML POND, WG AF PATTERSON, BW WONG, WW SHENG, HP MERSMANN, HJ INSULL, W KLEIN, PD FIOROTTO, ML POND, WG TI NEONATAL GENETICALLY LEAN AND OBESE PIGS RESPOND DIFFERENTLY TO DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE LIQUID DIETS; CHOLESTEROL; LIPOPROTEINS; PIGS ID ACCELERATED ATHEROSCLEROSIS; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; INFANT DIET; LIPOPROTEIN; SWINE; FAT; METABOLISM; PIGLETS; BABOONS; WEIGHT AB The impact of cholesterol exposure in early life on later cholesterol metabolism is not clearly understood. Sixteen newborn genetically lean and obese pigs were fed 0 or 5.0 g cholesterol/kg diet (0 or 0.5%) (liquid diets for 12 d, dry diets thereafter) for 33 d, after which they were all fed 10.0 g cholesterol/kg diet (1.0%) for 23 d. All animals were killed on d 56 and whole-body protein, fat and water were determined on the ground carcass. Dietary cholesterol had no consistent effect on growth rates or body composition. Mean fat content of lean pigs was 15.1% compared with 22.7% for obese pigs; corresponding values were 14.8 and 14.4% for protein and 65.5 and 58.3% for water. Concentrations of plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and apolipoproteins B and A-I were increased by 0.5% dietary cholesterol in obese but not in lean piglets, although dietary cholesterol caused HDL and LDL size distribution profiles to shift toward larger-sized components in both strains. Plasma total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations rose two- to eightfold in all groups after the 1% cholesterol diet was consumed; these changes were accompanied by shifts in LDL and HDL size distribution profiles towards larger-sized components. With 1.0% cholesterol in the diet of all groups, HDL cholesterol concentration increased by approximately 50% in both groups of lean pigs and in obese pigs previously fed cholesterol, but did not increase further in obese pigs previously fed 0.5% cholesterol. The magnitude of the hypercholesterolemic response in lean pigs was blunted by previous exposure to 0.5% dietary cholesterol, but the response was accentuated in obese animals that had been previously exposed to 0.5% dietary cholesterol. These data provide evidence that genetic differences between obese and lean pigs affect their serum lipoprotein responses to high cholesterol intake. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 122 IS 9 BP 1830 EP 1839 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JM349 UT WOS:A1992JM34900010 PM 1512632 ER PT J AU RIBAYAMERCADO, JD FOX, JG ROSENBLAD, WD BLANCO, MC RUSSELL, RM AF RIBAYAMERCADO, JD FOX, JG ROSENBLAD, WD BLANCO, MC RUSSELL, RM TI BETA-CAROTENE, RETINOL AND RETINYL ESTER CONCENTRATIONS IN SERUM AND SELECTED TISSUES OF FERRETS FED BETA-CAROTENE SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-A; RETINYL ESTERS; RETINOL; FERRETS ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VITAMIN-A; PLASMA; METABOLISM; ORGANS; ACID AB The concentrations of beta-carotene, retinol and retinyl esters in serum and selected tissues of ferrets fed diets supplemented with beta-carotene (80-mu-g/g wet diet) for 3 wk were determined. The initial concentration of serum beta-carotene was 0.011 +/- 0.006-mu-mol/L (mean +/- SEM); at the end of the experimental period it was 5.75 +/- 1.60-mu-mol/L. No significant differences in serum retinol and total retinyl esters were observed between beta-carotene-fed and control ferrets that had been fed an unsupplemented diet. The predominant retinyl esters in serum were retinyl stearate (53%) and retinyl palmitate (35%). Of the tissues analyzed after beta-carotene feeding, the liver contained the highest concentration of beta-carotene (78.8 +/- 18.8 nmol/g). Other tissues that contained beta-carotene in amounts ranging from 17 to 20 nmol/g were adrenals, small intestine, stomach and colon; lesser amounts (6.9 nmol/g) were found in kidneys. Amounts ranging from 1.2 to 2.3 nmol/g were found in muscle, bladder, adipose tissue, lungs and skin; only 0.37 and 0.34 nmol/g were present in brain and eyes, respectively. Thus, like humans, ferrets have the capacity to absorb intact beta-carotene and to store this compound in tissues, especially the liver. However, compared with humans, ferrets have elevated concentrations of retinyl esters in serum, liver and other tissues. C1 MIT,DIV COMPARAT MED,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP RIBAYAMERCADO, JD (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 25 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 122 IS 9 BP 1898 EP 1903 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JM349 UT WOS:A1992JM34900019 PM 1512640 ER PT J AU REEVES, PG ROSSOW, KL AF REEVES, PG ROSSOW, KL TI EXPOSURE TO EXCESSIVE PARENTERAL ZN AND OR CISPLATIN AFFECTS TRACE-ELEMENT METABOLISM AND ENZYME-ACTIVITIES IN REPRODUCTIVE TISSUES AND KIDNEY OF MALE-RATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE ZINC; COPPER; IRON; METALLOTHIONEIN; ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME; TESTIS; EPIDIDYMIS; KIDNEY ID ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME; CIS-DIAMMINEDICHLOROPLATINUM II; METALLOTHIONEIN; ZINC; DEFICIENCY; EPIDIDYMIS; INDUCTION; TESTIS AB Cisplatin (CDDP) is a platinum coordination compound with antineoplastic properties. Cisplatin chemotherapy is known to cause serious damage to the kidney tubules and to the germinal epithelium of the testis. Results of recent investigations suggest that pretreatment with parenteral Zn will prevent some of the damage in these tissues. The present study determined the effects of pretreatment with large doses of parenteral Zn on trace element metabolism and enzyme activity in CDDP-treated rats. Treating young male rats (200 g) with intraperitoneal injections of 90 mg Zn/kg body weight prior to CDDP treatment (3 mg/kg body weight for 3 days) did not inhibit kidney damage; confirmed by elevated urea and creatinine concentrations in serum of CDDP-treated rats. Serum and testicular testosterone concentrations were significantly lower in CDDP-treated rats than controls, which suggests Leydig cell damage. Zn treatment did not, however, alleviate this effect. Although angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was significantly elevated in the kidney by Zn treatment, activities in the testis and epididymis were not affected. Contrary to the suggestions that high parenteral Zn treatment protects kidneys and testes from damage, this study shows no such positive effects. However, the study demonstrated that treating rats with high concentrations of Zn and/or CDDP caused numerous changes in tissue concentrations of zinc, copper, and iron and in the activities of Zn-dependent as well as non-Zn-dependent membrane-bound enzymes. RP REEVES, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 3 IS 9 BP 467 EP 473 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(92)90005-4 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA JL811 UT WOS:A1992JL81100005 ER PT J AU ROUBENOFF, RA BOREL, CO HANLEY, DF AF ROUBENOFF, RA BOREL, CO HANLEY, DF TI HYPERMETABOLISM AND HYPERCATABOLISM IN GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION; NUTRITION; FAILURE; PROTEIN; MASS AB We studied 21 patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome who demonstrated multiple nutritional risk factors upon admission to an intensive care unit: ventilator dependence (71.4%), adynamic ileus (23.8%), significant weight loss in the 2 weeks before admission (53.0%), antecedent viral illness with gastrointestinal sequelae (43.0%), cranial nerve deficits impairing oral intake and gastrointestinal motility (60%), and depressed serum transferrin (85.7%). Patients are hypermetabolic and hypercatabolic because of endocrine, infectious, and inflammatory components of the disease. High-energy (40 to 45 nonprotein kcal/kg), high-protein (2.0 to 2.5 g/kg) nutrition support appears to exert a favorable effect on visceral protein repletion, nitrogen balance, and resistance to pulmonary infection. Immediate attainment of positive energy balance in these hypermetabolic patients, ideally assessed by indirect calorimetry and followed by high-energy, high-protein feedings, may promote positive nitrogen balance early and attenuate muscle wasting in Guillain-Barre syndrome. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV HOSP,DEPT NUTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT ANESTHESIOL CRIT CARE MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT NEUROL,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARENTERAL & ENTERAL NUTRITION PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON STREET SUITE 412, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 SN 0148-6071 J9 JPEN-PARENTER ENTER JI J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 16 IS 5 BP 464 EP 472 DI 10.1177/0148607192016005464 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JT991 UT WOS:A1992JT99100013 PM 1433782 ER PT J AU PRETI, G CLARK, L COWART, BJ FELDMAN, RS LOWRY, LD WEBER, E YOUNG, IM AF PRETI, G CLARK, L COWART, BJ FELDMAN, RS LOWRY, LD WEBER, E YOUNG, IM TI NONORAL ETIOLOGIES OF ORAL MALODOR AND ALTERED CHEMOSENSATION SO JOURNAL OF PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HALITOSIS ETIOLOGY; CHEMORECEPTORS, ALTERED; DIABETES-MELLITUS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; RENAL FAILURE ID VOLATILE SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; FISH-ODOR SYNDROME; SULPHUR COMPOUNDS; MOUTH AIR; PERIODONTITIS; METHIONINE; CIRRHOSIS; SULFIDE; BREATH; LIVER AB A NUMBER OF NON-OPAL CAUSES for oral malodor have been discussed. Several well documented etiologies for non-oral malodor include renal failure, cirrhosis of the liver, and diabetes mellitus. Each of these conditions has been examined using analytical instrumentation. In addition there appear to be several other metabolic conditions involving enzymatic and transport anomalies (such as trimethylaminuria) which lead to the systemic production of volatile malodors that manifest themselves as halitosis and/or altered chemoreception. Our studies include patients who have been referred to us after being examined by numerous clinical specialists with no identification or relief from their problem. This is due in part to the intermittent nature of many of these problems as well as an apparent lack of knowledge concerning many of these metabolic problems and their relation to oral symptoms. C1 USDA ARS, ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV, DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV, JEFFERSON MED COLL, DEPT OTOLARYNGOL HEAD & NECK SURG, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA. UNIV PENN, SCH DENT MED, DEPT PERIODONTOL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. UNIV PENN, SCH MED, DEPT DERMATOL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. VET ADM MED CTR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. RP MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC00214] NR 35 TC 53 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PERIODONTOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 737 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, SUITE 800, CHICAGO, IL 60611-2690 USA SN 0022-3492 EI 1943-3670 J9 J PERIODONTOL JI J. Periodont. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 63 IS 9 BP 790 EP 796 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA JP674 UT WOS:A1992JP67400013 PM 1474481 ER PT J AU YANG, XB DOWLER, WM TSCHANZ, AT WANG, TC AF YANG, XB DOWLER, WM TSCHANZ, AT WANG, TC TI COMPARING THE EFFECTS OF RUST ON PLOT YIELD, PLANT-YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS, AND VEGETATIVE PARTS OF SOYBEAN SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID LEAF RUST; YELLOW; GROWTH; MODEL AB To determine the plant variable for coupling a disease model to a soybean growth model, effects of soybean rust (caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi) on soybean were quantified at four levels: vegetative parts, yield components, plant yield, and plot yield. Path analysis was conducted to determine the most correlated components to disease in each level. The responses of vegetative parts, such as shoot weight and branches/plant, to disease effects were inconsistent among cultivars. Yield components responded consistently to disease effects among the cultivars, indicated by the high values of correlation coefficients between disease and the components. Path coefficients indicated that reduction of 100-seed weight was the most important cause of yield loss in this level. No significant within-plant compensation was detected using path coefficient analysis except for that between pod length to pod width. The most consistent response to disease effect was at population level. Correlation of disease to plant yield was as significant as these to plot yield. Correlations between disease and these plant levels were in the order of plot yield, plant yield, yield components, and vegetative parts. Regression between plot yield and green leaf area duration (GLAD) from flowering to seed full size was highly significant (P < 0.001). This study suggests that green leaf area at population level was the best variable for coupling disease model to crop model. C1 USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,FREDERICK,MD 21701. USDA,APHIS,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. ASIAN VEGETABLE RES & DEV CTR,TAINAN,TAIWAN. RP YANG, XB (reprint author), UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 136 IS 1 BP 46 EP 56 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1992.tb01280.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JY556 UT WOS:A1992JY55600006 ER PT J AU GEORGE, MR BROWN, JR CLAWSON, WJ AF GEORGE, MR BROWN, JR CLAWSON, WJ TI APPLICATION OF NONEQUILIBRIUM ECOLOGY TO MANAGEMENT OF MEDITERRANEAN GRASSLANDS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE STABLE STATES; TRANSITIONS; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; ANNUAL RANGELAND; NATIVE GRASSLAND ID PERENNIAL GRASSES; GROWTH-PATTERNS; GRAZING SYSTEMS; STABLE STATES; STABILITY; RANGELANDS; COMMUNITIES; COMPETITION; GERMINATION; SUCCESSION AB The state and transition model and the ball and cup analogy are used to organize the vegetation dynamics knowledge base for California's annual-dominated Mediterranean grasslands. These models help identify irreversible transitions and alternate stable states. Mechanisms that facilitate movement between successional stable states are categorized as demographic inertia, seedbank and germination, grazing impacts, establishment and competition, fire feedback, and irreversible changes in soil conditions. While theoretical work needs to continue to further describe states and transitions, managers can begin to use existing knowledge to develop management plans with realistic species composition objectives and to select the appropriate tools for reaching objectives. C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP GEORGE, MR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 56 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 45 IS 5 BP 436 EP 440 DI 10.2307/4002898 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JN413 UT WOS:A1992JN41300003 ER PT J AU SAMUEL, MJ HART, RH AF SAMUEL, MJ HART, RH TI SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF BLUE GRAMA SEEDLINGS IN COMPETITION WITH WESTERN WHEATGRASS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SUCCESSIONAL GRASSLAND; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; COLONIZATION; SEED; PLANT; SIZE AB Competition from other plant species may inhibit establishment and reduce phytomass production of blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Griffiths] on rangeland. Varying levels of competition were achieved by transplanting four-week-old blue grama seedlings into openings 0, 4, 8, or 16 cm in diameter in a western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii(Rydb.) A. Love] sod or in fallow soil. After the first growing season, 42, 79, 88, and 92% of blue grama seedlings survived in 0, 4, 8, and 16 cm openings, respectively, in sod. All plants survived the first growing season in all treatments on fallow, but 86% of the plants in fallow died the first winter. In the first growing season, blue grama plants averaged over 13 seed heads per plant in fallow but less than 1 seed head per plant in sod. Both above- and below-ground phytomass of blue grama and western wheatgrass were reduced by competition. Plant height in fallow was about twice that in sod. Both survival and vigor of blue grama seedling were reduced with increasing levels of western wheatgrass competition. For successful establishment of blue grama in an existing sward, artificial or natural openings must be created. C1 USDA ARS,AGR RES SERV,CHEYENNE,WY 82009. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 45 IS 5 BP 444 EP 448 DI 10.2307/4002900 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JN413 UT WOS:A1992JN41300005 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, DT AF PATTERSON, DT TI EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOPERIOD ON GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF GOATSRUE SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE GALEGA-OFFICINALIS L; GROWTH ANALYSIS; WEED INFESTATION AB Goatsrue (Galega officinalis L.) was introduced into northern Utah from Europe as a potential forage crop in 1891. Subsequent testing indicated goatsrue was unpalatable and toxic to livestock. The test plots were abandoned, and goatsrue escaped to become established as a weed. Goatsrue now is targeted for eradication under the Federal Noxious Weed Act, and information about its environmental requirements and potential for further range expansion in the United States is needed. In controlled environment chambers, plants were grown for 89 days in 4 day/night temperature regimes. Goatsrue produced 88, 100, 57, and 86% of its maximum dry matter at 26/14, 26/22, 34/14, and 34/22-degrees-C, respectively. Dry matter production was closely correlated with leaf area duration. When 20-day-old plants were transferred from a 12-hour photoperiod to longer photoperiods, flower buds appeared after 20, 26, and 69 days in photoperiods of 18, 16, and 14 hours, respectively. Plants in these longer photoperiods subsequently flowered and produced fruit, but no reproductive development occurred after 130 days in the 12-hour photoperiod. Goatsrue is not well-adapted to the large diurnal variation in temperature typical of summer conditions in the Intermountain region of the United States. Temperature conditions in the Midwest or South would be more favorable to its growth. RP PATTERSON, DT (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,DEPT BOT,USDA ARS,DURHAM,NC 27706, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 45 IS 5 BP 449 EP 453 DI 10.2307/4002901 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JN413 UT WOS:A1992JN41300006 ER PT J AU ADAIR, LS ANDREWS, DL CAIRNEY, J FUNKHOUSER, EA NEWTON, RJ ALDON, EF AF ADAIR, LS ANDREWS, DL CAIRNEY, J FUNKHOUSER, EA NEWTON, RJ ALDON, EF TI CHARACTERIZING GENE RESPONSES TO DROUGHT STRESS IN FOURWING SALTBUSH [ATRIPLEX-CANESCENS (PURSH) NUTT] SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ATRIPLEX-CANESCENS; MESSENGER RNA; COMPLEMENTARY DNA; LIBRARY, DROUGHT STRESS; DIFFERENTIAL SCREENING; VECTOR DNA; PROBE; HOMOLOGY ID CULTURED SORGHUM CELLS; INDUCED WATER-STRESS; ABSCISIC-ACID; PHYSIOLOGICAL-CHANGES; SOYBEAN SEEDLINGS; GROWTH; EXPRESSION; TEXAS; CLONING; CDNA AB New techniques in molecular biology can be used to characterize genes whose expression is induced by drought stress. These techniques can be used to understand responses of range plants to environmental stresses at the biochemical and molecular level. For example, they can be used to characterize genes that respond to drought stress conditions in the native shrub Atriplex canescens (Pursh.) Nutt. Complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries constructed from drought-induced messenger RNA (poly A+ RNA) were used to characterize genes which are associated with the stress response. A cDNA library from A. canescens was prepared. This library from stressed shrubs was differentially screened with radiolabeled cDNA probes from stressed and nonstressed shrubs, and apparent drought-induced clones were identified. This is the first report of molecular characterization of drought responsive genes in four-wing saltbush. The identification of genes specific to responses to drought stress could provide a basis for understanding drought tolerance in this important range species. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. RP ADAIR, LS (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,DEPT FOREST SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM BIOPHYS,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 45 IS 5 BP 454 EP 461 DI 10.2307/4002902 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JN413 UT WOS:A1992JN41300007 ER PT J AU WILCOX, BP SBAA, M BLACKBURN, WH MILLIGAN, JH AF WILCOX, BP SBAA, M BLACKBURN, WH MILLIGAN, JH TI RUNOFF PREDICTION FROM SAGEBRUSH RANGELANDS USING WATER EROSION PREDICTION PROJECT (WEPP) TECHNOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID AMPT INFILTRATION EQUATION; EFFECTIVE CAPILLARY-PRESSURE; SPUR HYDROLOGY MODEL; GREEN; PARAMETERS; SOILS; RAIN AB Runoff prediction is an important component of any process-based soil erosion model. In this paper we evaluate the runoff prediction capabilities of a new soil erosion model, WEPP, on sagebrush rangelands. Particular attention was given to th parameter estimation techniques used in WEPP to predict infiltration. Runoff volume predicted by WEPP is based on the Green and Ampt infiltration equation. Predicted runoff was compared to observed runoff from 90 large plot rainfall simulation experiments on sagebrush rangelands. There was a poor correlation between predicted and observed runoff when the Green and Ampt parameters were estimated using the parameter estimation techniques. Runoff prediction was improved when parameters were determined from field measurements. Additional refinement of the Green and Ampt parameterization techniques is needed for continued improvement of WEPP. C1 UNIV IDAHO, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, MOSCOW, ID 83712 USA. USDA ARS, NW WATERSHED RES CTR, BOISE, ID 83712 USA. UNIV IDAHO, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, MOSCOW, ID 83712 USA. RP WILCOX, BP (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, EES-15, MS J495, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 45 IS 5 BP 470 EP 474 DI 10.2307/4002904 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JN413 UT WOS:A1992JN41300009 ER PT J AU EMMERICH, WE COX, JR AF EMMERICH, WE COX, JR TI HYDROLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS IMMEDIATELY AFTER SEASONAL BURNING ON INTRODUCED AND NATIVE GRASSLANDS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SURFACE RUNOFF; EROSION; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; VEGETATION COVER; CONTROL BURN; SPATIAL VARIABILITY ID INFILTRATION RATES; RANGELAND; VARIABILITY; COMMUNITY; SEDIMENT; EROSION; TEXAS AB Fire on rangelands used as a management tool or as an unwanted wildfire removes vegetation cover. Vegetation cover is thought to be a dominate factor controlling surface runoff and erosion. Vegetation removal by a burn should have an immediate effect on runoff and erosion. Surface runoff and sediment production were evaluated immediately after fall and spring season burns at 2 locations with different soil and vegetation types for 2 years in southeastern Arizona. The evaluations were conducted with a rainfall simulator at 2 precipitation intensities. Immediately after a burn there was not a significant change in runoff and erosion, therefore, vegetation cover by itself was concluded not to be a dominate factor controlling surface runoff and erosion. The increase found in surface runoff and sediment production from the burn plots was not significantly greater than the natural variability for the locations or seasons. Significantly higher surface runoff and sediment production was measured in the fall season compared to the spring at 1 location. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP EMMERICH, WE (reprint author), USDA,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 31 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 45 IS 5 BP 476 EP 479 DI 10.2307/4002905 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA JN413 UT WOS:A1992JN41300010 ER PT J AU BLOOM, PH HENCKEL, JL HENCKEL, EH SCHMUTZ, JK WOODBRIDGE, B BRYAN, JR ANDERSON, RL DETRICH, PJ MAECHTLE, TL MCKINLEY, JO MCCRARY, MD TITUS, K SCHEMPF, PF AF BLOOM, PH HENCKEL, JL HENCKEL, EH SCHMUTZ, JK WOODBRIDGE, B BRYAN, JR ANDERSON, RL DETRICH, PJ MAECHTLE, TL MCKINLEY, JO MCCRARY, MD TITUS, K SCHEMPF, PF TI THE DHO-GAZA WITH GREAT HORNED OWL LURE - AN ANALYSIS OF ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN CAPTURING RAPTORS SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Trap effectiveness and potential factors affecting success of the dho-gaza with Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) when used as a lure were examined for 11 species of diurnal raptors and 3 species of owls: Black-shouldered Kite (Elanus caeruleus), Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus), Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii), Northern Goshawk (A. gentilis), Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), Red-shouldered Hawk (B. lineatus), Swainson's Hawk (B. swainsoni), Ferruginous Hawk (B. regalis), Prairie Falcon (Falco mexicanus), Merlin (F. columbarius), American Kestrel (F. sparverius), Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis), Great Gray Owl (S. nebulosa), and Great Homed Owl. The technique was successful for most species when targeting a territorial pair during the reproductive cycle. Important conditions necessary for good trapping success were placement of the lure owl in an obvious location, shade for lure owl and net, shrubs or trees in which to hide net poles and channel the raptors, short distance between observer and net, site preparation, small number of observers, and low wind. Play-back of audio-taped recordings of Great Horned Owls or conspecifics usually reduced the amount of time necessary to facilitate capture. Swainson's Hawks and Ferruginous Hawks showed no increased aggression toward the lure owl that might be related to age of young, brood size, presence of food in the nest, or time of day. C1 UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,DEPT BIOL,SASKATOON S7N 0W0,SASKATCHEWAN,CANADA. US FOREST SERV,GOOSENEST RANGER DIST,MACDOEL,CA 96058. CALIF ENERGY COMMISS,SACRAMENTO,CA 95825. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA 95825. GREENFALK CONSULTANTS,BOISE,ID 83709. CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH,DEPT ZOOL,LONG BEACH,CA 90840. ALASKA DEPT FISH & GAME,DIV WILDLIFE CONSERVAT,DOUGLAS,AK 99824. US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,JUNEAU,AK 99802. RP BLOOM, PH (reprint author), WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOL,439 CALLE SAN PABLO,CAMARILLO,CA 93010, USA. NR 18 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 12 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 12805 ST CROIX TRAIL, HASTINGS, MN 55033 SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 26 IS 3 BP 167 EP 178 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA JU539 UT WOS:A1992JU53900008 ER PT J AU FRIDLEY, KJ TANG, RC SOLTIS, LA AF FRIDLEY, KJ TANG, RC SOLTIS, LA TI LOAD-DURATION EFFECTS IN STRUCTURAL LUMBER - STRAIN-ENERGY APPROACH SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE AB A critical strain-energy-density failure criterion is introduced to describe the load-duration (creep-rupture) behavior of structural lumber. From extensive ramp, constant, and step-constant load tests in various constant and cyclic environments, a critical strain-energy density is identified, which forecasts impending failure. Impending failure is defined as the initiation of member failure, excluding partial failures that do not influence subsequent member behavior. Most previous load-duration research defined failure as the complete collapse of a test member and modeled the response using cumulative damage theory. Select structural and no. 2 grade Douglas-fir nominal 2 in. by 4 in. lumber are used here. The critical strain-energy density is found to be invariant with respect to load history, load level, grade, and hygrothermal condition. A model is developed and used to predict the observed load-duration behavior of the Douglas-fir lumber sample. A comparison between the damage accumulation approach to modeling load-duration effects and the developed strain energy approach is also presented. C1 AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. PURDUE UNIV,WOOD RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP FRIDLEY, KJ (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH CIVIL ENGN & ENVIRONM SCI,NORMAN,OK 73019, USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 1992 VL 118 IS 9 BP 2351 EP 2369 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:9(2351) PG 19 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA JK542 UT WOS:A1992JK54200005 ER PT J AU GROOM, L POLENSEK, A AF GROOM, L POLENSEK, A TI NONLINEAR MODELING OF TRUSS-PLATE JOINTS SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID BOLTED WOOD-JOINTS; STEEL SIDE-MEMBERS; LOAD-SLIP RELATIONSHIP; ELASTIC-FOUNDATION; GENERALIZED THEORY; BEAM AB A theoretical model is developed for predicting mechanisms of load transfer between a wood member and a metal die-punched truss plate. The model, which treats a truss-plate tooth as a beam on an inelastic foundation of wood and applies Runge-Kutta numerical analysis to solve the governing differential equations, predicts the load-displacement trace and ultimate load of truss-plate joints. The model is verified with eight truss-plate joint types, three of which varied the number of teeth and five the plate and grain angle. Theoretical and experimental load-displacement traces show good agreement. Experimental traces show no significant difference between multiple teeth in rows and columns, indicating little stress interaction among teeth. The theoretical model accurately predicts the ultimate load and failure modes for complete joint test types, which vary with plate and grain geometry; teeth face bearing on end grain failed by tooth withdrawal or plate tensile failure, teeth edge bearing on end grain failed by plate peelback, and teeth bearing on side grain failed in wood perpendicular to grain. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,FOREST RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP GROOM, L (reprint author), SO FOREST EXPT STN,2500 SHREVEPORT HIGHWAY,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD SEP PY 1992 VL 118 IS 9 BP 2514 EP 2531 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:9(2514) PG 18 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA JK542 UT WOS:A1992JK54200014 ER PT J AU CHU, CC HENNEBERRY, TJ AF CHU, CC HENNEBERRY, TJ TI INFLUENCE OF WEATHER ON THE COTTON INTERNAL BOLL TEMPERATURES SO JOURNAL OF THE AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION OF CHINA LA Chinese DT Article AB Little information is available concerning factors affecting internal cotton, Gossypium spp., boll temperatures. Such information might be useful in boll development and growth studies, as well as determining the life cycles of insects inhabiting the immature green bolls. Field studies were conducted in 1987 to investigate the relationships between weather data and hourly internal cotton boll temperatures in the Imperial Valley, CA. Copper-constantan thermocouples were inserted into individual immature cotton bolls and temperatures were recorded with a datalogger programmed to measure and record temperatures every ten minutes and output the mean hourly temperatures. The resulting database consisted of temperature measurements from an average of 30.5 immature cotton bolls per day for 65 days from 1 July to 13 September. Weather data were obtained from an automatic weather station 0.9 km from the field and the dewpoints were obtained from the airport weather service 16 km southwest of the filed. The best fit regression equation was Y=-2.305+0.638 X1+0.470 X2-0.598 X3+2.294 X4. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.980. The independent variables in the equation were ambient air temperatures at the top of cotton plant canopy (X1, degrees-C) and 30 cm below the top of the canopy (X2, degrees-C), vapor pressure deficit (X3, kPa) and solar radiation (X4, kW/m2). RP CHU, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,BRAWLEY,CA 92227, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGR ASSN CHINA PI TAIPEI PA 14 WENCHOW ST, TAIPEI, TAIWAN SN 0578-1434 J9 J AGR ASSOC CHINA JI J. Agric. Assoc. China PD SEP PY 1992 IS 159 BP 10 EP 17 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KN254 UT WOS:A1992KN25400002 ER PT J AU SCHOLNICK, F LIAO, LL BROWN, EM FEAIRHELLER, SH AF SCHOLNICK, F LIAO, LL BROWN, EM FEAIRHELLER, SH TI CROSS-LINKING OF COLLAGEN WITH DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CROSS-LINKING; ACRYLAMIDE DERIVATIVES; MEMBRANE-IMPERMEANT AB We have studied the crosslinking of collagen in sheepskin by treatment with N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide esters of dicarboxylic acids. The acylating agents are prepared from dicarboxylic acids including suberic (C-8), azelaic (C-9) and sebacic (C-10) acids. These agents are extremely soluble in water and react readily with sheepskin, resulting in increases in shrinkage temperatures before chrome tanning. A description of the synthesis of the acylating agents and a discussion of the physical properties of the resulting leathers are presented. RP SCHOLNICK, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 87 IS 9 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA LB537 UT WOS:A1992LB53700001 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, DW COCKBURN, AF SEAWRIGHT, JA AF JOHNSON, DW COCKBURN, AF SEAWRIGHT, JA TI QUICK BLOTS AND NONRADIOACTIVE DETECTION OF DNA PROBES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF MOSQUITOS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; DETECTION SYSTEMS; COMPLEX AB The quick blot protocol is an improved technique for preparing crude insect homogenates for hybridization to nucleic acid probes. Individual insects are ground in wells of a microtiter plate and transferred to a dot blot manifold. This allows preparation of multiple filters and provides uniformity and an orderly arrangement of samples. The high background detection resulting from use of crude insect homogenates with nonradioactive detection systems was eliminated by incubating quick blot filters in a laundry stain remover containing proteases. We used mosquito species-specific DNA probes to demonstrate the effectiveness of nonradioactive DNA labeling systems with quick blots. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608. RI Cockburn, Andrew/B-1354-2009 OI Cockburn, Andrew/0000-0002-1636-9019 NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 8 IS 3 BP 231 EP 236 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JR023 UT WOS:A1992JR02300005 PM 1357085 ER PT J AU BECNEL, JJ AF BECNEL, JJ TI SAFETY OF EDHAZARDIA-AEDIS (MICROSPORA, AMBLYOSPORIDAE) FOR NONTARGET AQUATIC ORGANISMS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID THURINGIENSIS VAR ISRAELENSIS; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; DIPTERA; CULICIDAE; COPEPODA AB The susceptibility of common nontarget aquatic organisms to the microsporidium Edhazardia aedis was investigated in the laboratory. Eight predacious species along with 9 scavengers and filter feeders were tested. The nontarget organisms were not susceptible to infection by E. aedis and there was no appreciable mortality. To measure the relative safety of E. aedis to nontarget organisms, a simple mathematical expression was employed where risk is defined as the product of the probability of exposure and the result of exposure (infection) expressed as P(e)P(i). In these laboratory tests, the probability of exposure was fixed at 1 (maximum challenge) and the probability of infection was determined to be 0. Therefore, the risk associated with release of E. aedis into the environment is considered to be negligible under these conditions. The true risk for nontarget organisms to E. aedis can only be determined by careful evaluation of controlled field studies in the natural habitat of the target host. RP BECNEL, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 8 IS 3 BP 256 EP 260 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JR023 UT WOS:A1992JR02300010 PM 1357086 ER PT J AU UNDEEN, AH KRUEGER, CM AF UNDEEN, AH KRUEGER, CM TI EFFECT OF NOSEMA-ALGERAE ON THE HOUSE-FLY MUSCA-DOMESTICA (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ANOPHELES-STEPHENSI; MICROSPORIDAN; SPORES AB Larvae of Musca domestica were exposed to spores of Nosema algerae on the surface of their diet. Infective concentrations (IC50 and IC90) for the larvae were 3.6 x 10(4) and 1.6 x 10(6) spores/cm2, respectively. The disease appeared to cause no larval mortality, but the longevity of adult females was reduced. At 30 days post-infection, there were at least 1 x 10(7) spores per fly in all dosage groups. At lower dosages, the development of spores was delayed and fewer spores were produced. RP UNDEEN, AH (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 8 IS 3 BP 268 EP 271 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JR023 UT WOS:A1992JR02300012 PM 1402864 ER PT J AU WAN, PJ MUANDA, MW COVEY, JE AF WAN, PJ MUANDA, MW COVEY, JE TI ULTRASONIC VS NONULTRASONIC HYDROGENATION IN A BATCH REACTOR SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE BATCH SYSTEM; CHARACTERISTICS OF ULTRASONIC HYDROGENATION; HYDROGENATION; INCREASED HYDROGENATION RATE; IODINE VALUE; NICKEL CATALYST; SOYBEAN OIL; TRANSISOMERS; TRIENE CONTENT; ULTRASONIC ENERGY ID SOYBEAN OIL AB Refined and bleached soybean oil was hydrogenated with and without ultrasonic energy in a batch system. Reactions were carried out at 170-degrees-C with 0.02% nickel catalyst (Nysel, Harshaw/Filtron Partnership, Cleveland, OH) or 50 ppm nickel in the oil. Hydrogen pressure was varied from 15 to 90 psig. After 20 min, the average reaction rate was about five times faster in the presence of ultrasonic energy Hydrogenation rate generally increased with increasing hydrogen pressure when ultrasonic energy was applied. However, the increasing rate is more sinusoidal in nature than linear. RP WAN, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 6 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 69 IS 9 BP 876 EP 879 DI 10.1007/BF02636336 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JN956 UT WOS:A1992JN95600007 ER PT J AU MELLON, JE AF MELLON, JE TI INHIBITION OF AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION IN ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS BY COTTON OVULE EXTRACTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE AFLATOXIN INHIBITION; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; COTTON OVULE CULTURE; COTTON STRESS METABOLITES; FUNGUS; GOSSYPOL; PHYTOALEXINS ID STRESS METABOLITES AB The effect of cotton ovule extracts on Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis was investigated. Extracts derived from either noninoculated cotton ovule tissue or cotton ovule tissue challenged with A. flavus inhibited aflatoxin (B1) synthesis by fungal cultures of A. flavus. When added to fungal cultures in concentrations of 50-mu-g per mL of medium, extracts derived from fungus-challenged ovule tissue inhibited aflatoxin synthesis by as much as 93%. The ED50 for this type of extract was 18-mu-g per mL of medium (P < 0.01; r2 = 0.46). Similar experiments with a noninoculated ovule extract (50-mu-g/mL medium) produced aflatoxin inhibition levels of up to 77%. The ED50 for noninoculated extracts was 35-mu-g per mL of medium (P < 0.01; r2 = 0.66). These extracts did not inhibit the growth of A. flavus in culture. Cultures of A. flavus that contained pure gossypol (10-50-mu-g/mL medium) also showed significantly reduced levels of aflatoxin production. Gossypol may account for the aflatoxin-inhibitory activity observed in the extracts derived from noninoculated cotton ovule tissue. RP MELLON, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 69 IS 9 BP 945 EP 947 DI 10.1007/BF02636349 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JN956 UT WOS:A1992JN95600020 ER PT J AU HRON, RJ ABRAHAM, G KUK, MS FISHER, GS AF HRON, RJ ABRAHAM, G KUK, MS FISHER, GS TI ACIDIC ETHANOL EXTRACTION OF COTTONSEED SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE ACID; AFLATOXIN; CITRIC; COTTONSEED; ETHANOL; EXTRACTION; GOSSYPOL; OIL; PHOSPHORIC AB Ethanol (EtOH) is being evaluated as an alternate solvent to hexane for the extraction of glanded cottonseed. Hot EtOH, needed for efficient oil and aflatoxin extraction, binds gossypol to protein. However, this binding can be minimized by acidifying aqueous EtOH with a tribasic acid, such as phosphoric or citric. While this solvent extracts oil and gossypol, it does not affect EtOH's ability to extract aflatoxin. The defatted cottonseed meals produced from this process contained 0.03% total gossypol (which is lower than meal prepared by most other processes) and the aflatoxin content was reduced from 69 to 2.9 ppb. These are preliminary results and additional research is needed to determine commercial feasibility. The removal of essentially all gossypol from an extracted meal has the potential to expand the use of cottonseed meal as a feed, increasing its value to both the cotton farmer and the seed processor. RP HRON, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 69 IS 9 BP 951 EP 952 DI 10.1007/BF02636351 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA JN956 UT WOS:A1992JN95600022 ER PT J AU MCGIFFEN, ME MASIUNAS, JB HUCK, MG AF MCGIFFEN, ME MASIUNAS, JB HUCK, MG TI TOMATO AND NIGHTSHADE (SOLANUM-NIGRUM L AND S-PTYCANTHUM DUN) EFFECTS ON SOIL-WATER CONTENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WEED COMPETITION; FRUIT QUALITY; BIOMASS PARTITIONING; WATER STRESS; PROCESSING TOMATO; LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM; IRRIGATION ID SOYBEANS GLYCINE-MAX; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; PROCESSING-TOMATOES; CRITICAL PERIOD; GROWTH; INTERFERENCE; QUALITY; YIELD; THEOPHRASTI; COMPETITION AB Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the response of eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum), black nightshade (S. nigrum), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Heinz 6004) to water stress and the effect of nightshade-tomato competition on soil water content. In the greenhouse, plants were exposed to three water regimes induced by watering either daily, weekly, or biweekly. Water deficit caused a similar decrease in height, weight, and leaf area in all three species. There was more than a 50% reduction in height when the plants were watered biweekly compared with daily watering. Water stress caused a shift in biomass from shoots to roots in all three species. Black nightshade and tomato produced thinner leaves in response to water deficit. Companion field experiments were conducted during the 1989 and 1990 growing seasons in Urbana, Ill. Eastern black nightshade and black nightshade were transplanted at densities of 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, and 4.8 plants/m2, 5 days after tomatoes were transplanted. These nightshade densities caused significant reductions in soil water content. In 1989, only the highest density of either nightshade species reduced topsoil water content. In 1990, all densities of nightshade, except the two lowest densities of black nightshade, reduced topsoil water content. Eastern black nightshade consistently had a greater effect on tomato yield than black nightshade. Tomato yields averaged over both years were 17,000 and 8,000 kg.ha-1 at the highest (4.8 plants/m2) density of black and eastern black nightshade, respectively. The decrease in soil moisture from high densities of nightshade could not account for the reduced yields. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT HORT,URBANA,IL 61801. ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 117 IS 5 BP 730 EP 735 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JV037 UT WOS:A1992JV03700008 ER PT J AU HORTON, BD AF HORTON, BD TI RIPENING PATTERNS WITHIN A PEACH AS INDICATED BY FORCE AND SOLUBLE SOLIDS CONCENTRATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MATURITY STAGES; PRUNUS-PERSICA ID GROUND COLOR AB Variability in maturity within a peach (Prunus persica, L. Batsch) fruit was estimated by measurements of force and the soluble solids concentration (SSC) at 16 coordinates around the peach at five maturity stages: 1) about one-half final swell (immature); 2) 85% final swell (green); 3) firm-ripe and similar to chip #3 of the Clemson Univ. system; 4) firm-ripe and similar to chip #5; and 5) tree-ripe. Firm-ripe 3 and 4 stages were firm enough to ship, but the tree-ripe stage was too soft. Firmness measured with a 4.7-mm-diameter penetrometer tip from two cultivars indicates a strong trend for the peach tip and cheeks to be firmer than tissue at other coordinates. Coordinates at the equator and around the stem end are generally firmer than coordinates at lat. 45-degrees-N, particularly in stages 3, 4, and 5. The SSC in juice from a cylinder of fruit adjacent to the puncture was higher at long. 90-degrees-E-W than at the sutures and higher at lat. 0-degrees than at 70-degrees-S. Variance increased for force and decreased for SSC between maturity stages to the firm-ripe stage. The coordinate technique might be used to characterize and select cultivars that would be most suitable for once-over harvests. RP HORTON, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 117 IS 5 BP 784 EP 787 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JV037 UT WOS:A1992JV03700018 ER PT J AU WANG, SY FAUST, M AF WANG, SY FAUST, M TI VARIATION IN LIPID-COMPOSITION OF APPLES IN RELATION TO WATERCORE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MALUS-DOMESTICA; FATTY ACIDS; GLYCOLIPIDS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; STEROLS ID MEMBRANES; ACCLIMATION; PLANTS; FRUIT AB The glycolipids, phospholipids, and sterols were determined in normal and watercore-affected apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Delicious). Fruit with watercore contained higher amounts of glycolipids, phospholipids, and sterols. The ratios of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids and (18:3) to (18:1 + 18:2) were lower in watercore-affected tissue than in normal tissue. The ratio of free sterols to phospholipids was higher, whereas the ratio of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine was lower in watercore-affected apple. Membrane lipids were altered in watercore-affected fruit. RP WANG, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 117 IS 5 BP 829 EP 833 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JV037 UT WOS:A1992JV03700026 ER PT J AU FASSULIOTIS, G NELSON, BV AF FASSULIOTIS, G NELSON, BV TI REGENERATION OF TETRAPLOID MUSKMELONS FROM COTYLEDONS AND THEIR MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES FROM 2 DIPLOID MUSKMELON GENOTYPES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CUCUMIS-MELO; SOMACLONAL VARIATION; POLLEN; STOMATES; CHLOROPLASTS; CYTOLOGY; CHROMOSOMES ID CELL-CULTURES AB 'Gulfstream' and 'Charentais' muskmelons (Cucumis melo L.) plants were regenerated by in vitro culture to increase their genetic variability for resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). While no genetic variability for root knot resistance was found, regenerated plants exhibited other traits that varied from the donor cotyledons. Chromosome counts confirmed that >75% of the somaclonal variants were tetraploid (2n = 24; 4n = 48). Tetraploids consistently exhibited micro- and macroscopic morphological changes that enabled distinction between tetraploids and diploids without chromosome counts; tetraploids contained enlarged stomates with more chloroplasts in the guard cells and pollen with a high percentage of square-appearing shapes. Tetraploids exhibited distinctive macroscopic morphological changes, including differences in leaf structure, fruit shape, blossom-end scar, number of vein tracts, and seed size. C1 USDA ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29414. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & PHYSIOL,CLEMSON,SC 29634. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 117 IS 5 BP 863 EP 866 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA JV037 UT WOS:A1992JV03700032 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP LINDSAY, DS ANDERSON, ML DAVIS, SW SHEN, SK AF DUBEY, JP LINDSAY, DS ANDERSON, ML DAVIS, SW SHEN, SK TI INDUCED TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSMISSION OF NEOSPORA-CANINUM IN CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE BOVINE SPECIES; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; PLACENTA ID INFECTION; APICOMPLEXA; PROTOZOA; DOGS; MICE; CATS AB Three jersey cows were inoculated SC and IM with 26 million Neospora caninum tachyzoites at 129 (cow 1), 126 (cow 2), and 81 (cow 3) days after mating. Cows remained clinically normal for at least 1 month after inoculation of N caninum. Cow 1 was euthanatized 32 days after inoculation because of gangrenous mastitis. Cow 1 had a live fetus with no gross lesions; however, microscopic lesions were seen in the fetus and consisted of severe nonsuppurative necrotizing encephalitis of the cerebral white matter. Neospora caninum was identified in lesions by staining with anti-N caninum serum in an immunohistochemical test, by bioassays in mice, and by inoculation of bovine monocyte cultures with fetal tissue homogenate. Neither N caninum nor lesions were associated with infection with the protozoon identified in tissues of cow 1. Cows 2 and 3 aborted small autolysed fetuses 101 and 74 days, respectively, after inoculation with N caninum; the fetuses and attached placenta were unsuitable for laboratory investigations. Cows 2 and 3 remained clinically normal 4 months after abortion. Results of this study indicated that N caninum can be transmitted transplacentally in cattle. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,VET DIAGNOST LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 24 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 201 IS 5 BP 709 EP 713 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JK798 UT WOS:A1992JK79800017 PM 1399772 ER PT J AU MEYER, SE GARCIAMOYA, E LAGUNESESPINOZA, LD AF MEYER, SE GARCIAMOYA, E LAGUNESESPINOZA, LD TI TOPOGRAPHIC AND SOIL SURFACE EFFECTS ON GYPSOPHILE PLANT COMMUNITY PATTERNS IN CENTRAL MEXICO SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; EDAPHIC RESTRICTION; ENDEMISM; SAN-LUIS POTOSI; SOIL-PLANT RELATIONS AB Semiarid gypsum karstlands in north central Mexico are characterized by a mosaic of shrubland and endemic gypsophile grassland community types. Proximal physical factors affecting community patterns on a local scale were investigated at an undisturbed site south of Matehuala, San Luis Potosi. Soil surface characteristics associated with depth of calcareous alluvium overlying gypsum base material were strongly correlated with distribution of desert shrub and endemic grass species. Muhlenbergia purpusii was dominant on bare gypsum soils with indurated crusts, while Bouteloua chasei was dominant where a thin veneer of alluvium permitted development of a cryptogamic crust. A high-diversity mixed shrub-succulent community occupied gypsum overlain by 5 - 20 cm of alluvium, whereas Larrea tridentata was the principal species on gypsum overlain by > 20 cm of alluvium. Open sink walls were occupied mostly by species of the Muhlenbergia grassland, while closed sinks supported more mesophytic mixed shrubland vegetation. Physical factors operating mostly at the establishment stage are probably more important in mediating local species patterns on gypsum than factors associated with mineral nutrition. Gypsum material was much less fertile than alluvial material but did not exclude widely distributed species unless exposed at the surface. RP MEYER, SE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,SHRUB SCI LAB,735 N 500 E,PROVO,UT 84606, USA. NR 0 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 10 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI KNIVSTA PA APELSINVAGEN 47, S 741 00 KNIVSTA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 3 IS 4 BP 429 EP 438 DI 10.2307/3235799 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA JQ069 UT WOS:A1992JQ06900001 ER PT J AU FOULY, HM DOMIER, LL DARCY, CJ AF FOULY, HM DOMIER, LL DARCY, CJ TI A RAPID CHEMILUMINESCENT DETECTION METHOD FOR BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE LUTEOVIRUS; DOT BLOT; HYBRIDIZATION ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SEROLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS; IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; HYBRIDIZATION; PROBES; IDENTIFICATION; LUTEOVIRUSES; DIAGNOSIS; RNA; STRAINS AB Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV-IL) was detected with biotinylated in vitro transcript cDNA using a chemiluminescent substrate on nylon membranes. Signals were detected on X-ray film and quantified using either a densitometer or an ELISA plate reader. The time required for sample preparation was reduced so that the entire protocol could be completed in two days. The in vitro transcript probes could detect 1 ng of purified virus and as little as 1 mul of sap extracts prepared from infected oat shoots. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,1102 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD SEP PY 1992 VL 39 IS 3 BP 291 EP 298 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(92)90102-J PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA JT804 UT WOS:A1992JT80400006 PM 1430072 ER PT J AU SUSSMAN, MD LU, Z KUTISH, G AFONSO, CL ROBERTS, P ROCK, DL AF SUSSMAN, MD LU, Z KUTISH, G AFONSO, CL ROBERTS, P ROCK, DL TI IDENTIFICATION OF AN AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS GENE WITH SIMILARITY TO A MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION PRIMARY RESPONSE GENE AND A NEUROVIRULENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE OF HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID NUCLEIC-ACID; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; DNA; CLONING; INVITRO; KINASE; GROWTH; SITES AB Here we describe an open reading frame (LMW23-NL) in the African swine fever virus genome that possesses striking similarity to a murine myeloid differentiation primary response gene (MyD116) and the neurovirulence-associated gene (ICP34.5) of herpes simplex virus. In all three proteins, a centrally located acidic region precedes a highly conserved, hydrophilic 56-amino-acid domain located at the carboxy terminus. LMW23-NL predicts a highly basic protein of 184 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 21.3 kDa. The similarity of LMW23-NL to genes involved in myeloid cell differentiation and viral host range suggests a role for it in African swine fever virus host range. C1 USDA ARS, PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR, POB 848, GREENPORT, NY 11944 USA. NR 44 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 66 IS 9 BP 5586 EP 5589 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA JJ198 UT WOS:A1992JJ19800051 PM 1323711 ER PT J AU JUNGE, RE FISCHER, JR DUBEY, JP AF JUNGE, RE FISCHER, JR DUBEY, JP TI FATAL DISSEMINATED TOXOPLASMOSIS IN A CAPTIVE CUVIER GAZELLE (GAZELLA-CUVIERI) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE TOXOPLASMOSIS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; CUVIER GAZELLE; GAZELLA-CUVIERI; HEPATITIS; TISSUE CYSTS; TACHYZOITES ID GONDII AB Toxoplasma gondii was identified in an adult male Cuvier's gazelle (Gazella cuvieri). Predominant lesions were hepatic necrosis, pneumonia, and necrosis in adrenal glands and lymph nodes. Numerous tachyzoites were identified in lesions. The diagnosis was confirmed by staining of organisms in tissue sections with anti-T. gondii serum in an immunohistochemical test. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,COLL VET MED,VET MED DIAGNOST LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65205. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP JUNGE, RE (reprint author), ST LOUIS ZOO,FOREST PK,ST LOUIS,MO 63110, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 23 IS 3 BP 342 EP 345 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA JP945 UT WOS:A1992JP94500010 ER PT J AU ZIPPERER, WC ZIPPERER, CE AF ZIPPERER, WC ZIPPERER, CE TI VEGETATION RESPONSES TO CHANGES IN DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF AN URBAN PARK SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK AB Thornden Park, located in Syracuse, NY, USA, was transformed from a nineteenth century English estate to a public park in 1921. Accompanying this transformation, there has been a corresponding change in vegetation. Prevalent trees were elms, maples, oaks, willows, spruces, and orchard species. Dominant cover types were lawn (65.4%) and parkland (22.8%). By 1955, park designers combined the artistry from the Pleasure Ground Park Period with recreation activities from Reform and Recreation Park Periods to create a landscape with rustic features, formal geometric and axial gardens, and recreational facilities. Dominant cover types were still lawn (48.9%) and parkland (22.5%), but forest cover (2%) appeared for the first time. Park management shifted from active to deferred maintenance through the late 1960s and into the 1970s. Direct outcomes included the loss of formal gardens, the expansion of forest and shrub-forest cover types, and the reduction of areas for passive recreation. By 1989, dominant trees included Norway and other maples, and spruces. Dominant cover type remained lawn (52.8%), but collectively, forest and shrub-forest cover types occupied 14.4% of the park. Currently, only 25.6% of the original canopy cover exists. The remaining 75.6% has developed since 1926. C1 SUNY COLL SYRACUSE,COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,FAC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. RP ZIPPERER, WC (reprint author), SUNY COLL SYRACUSE,COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,US FOREST SERV,5 MOON LIB,SYRACUSE,NY 13210, USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(92)90002-H PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA JM224 UT WOS:A1992JM22400001 ER PT J AU MCPHERSON, EG AF MCPHERSON, EG TI ACCOUNTING FOR BENEFITS AND COSTS OF URBAN GREENSPACE SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article ID FOREST; VEGETATION; TREES AB Urban greenspace provides many environmental and social services that contribute to the quality of life in cities. Economic approaches used to estimate value of greenspace services include travel cost, willingness to pay, hedonic pricing, and tree valuation. These methods have limited utility for policy-makers, planners, and managers because the underlying values they estimate only indirectly reflect the flow of multiple benefits and costs. A greenspace accounting approach to partially address this deficiency is described using benefit-cost analysis for a proposed tree-planting project in Tucson, AZ. The approach directly connects vegetation structure with the spatial-temporal flow of functional benefits and costs. Prices are assigned to each cost (i.e. planting, pruning, removal, irrigation) and benefit (i.e. cooling energy savings, interception of particulates, stormwater runoff reduction) through direct estimation and implied valuation of benefits as environmental externalities. The approach can be used to evaluate net economic benefits associated with capital investments in urban forests vs. other investments in the urban infrastructure or traditional environmental control technologies. RP MCPHERSON, EG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,5801 N PULASKI RD,CHICAGO,IL 60646, USA. NR 43 TC 33 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 22 IS 1 BP 41 EP 51 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA JM224 UT WOS:A1992JM22400005 ER PT J AU FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, M ANTHOLINE, WE AF FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, M ANTHOLINE, WE TI THE INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON DEVELOPING COPPER DEFICIENCY AND ON FREE-RADICAL GENERATION OF RATS FED A FRUCTOSE DIET SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID PANCREATIC ATROPHY; FEMALE RATS; CARBOHYDRATE; IRON; HYPERTROPHY; SEVERITY; ENZYME; ANEMIA C1 MED COLL WISCONSIN,NATL BIOMED ELECTR SPIN RESONANCE CTR,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. GEORGETOWN UNIV,DIV ENDOCRINOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20057. UNIV MARYLAND,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP FIELDS, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 41 IS 9 BP 989 EP 994 DI 10.1016/0026-0495(92)90125-T PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA JL947 UT WOS:A1992JL94700010 PM 1325594 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, JA SCHACHTMAN, DP HUPRIKAR, SS KOCHIAN, LV LUCAS, WJ SCHROEDER, JI GABER, RF AF ANDERSON, JA SCHACHTMAN, DP HUPRIKAR, SS KOCHIAN, LV LUCAS, WJ SCHROEDER, JI GABER, RF TI CLONING AND FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION OF A POTASSIUM SELECTIVE INWARD-RECTIFYING CHANNEL FROM ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT BOT,DAVIS,CA 95616. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT BIOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM MOLE & CELL BIOL,EVANSTON,IL 60208. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD SEP PY 1992 VL 3 SU S BP A192 EP A192 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA JR255 UT WOS:A1992JR25501115 ER PT J AU BECKEMEYER, EF SHIRK, PD AF BECKEMEYER, EF SHIRK, PD TI THE PATTERN OF OVARIOLE FORMATION AND GERM-CELL PRODUCTION IN PUPARIA OF DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACT BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD SEP PY 1992 VL 3 SU S BP A7 EP A7 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA JR255 UT WOS:A1992JR25500037 ER PT J AU DENG, XW MATSUI, M WEI, N WAGNER, D CHU, AM QUAIL, PH AF DENG, XW MATSUI, M WEI, N WAGNER, D CHU, AM QUAIL, PH TI GENETIC AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF LIGHT-REGULATED DEVELOPMENT SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD SEP PY 1992 VL 3 SU S BP A99 EP A99 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA JR255 UT WOS:A1992JR25500574 ER PT J AU IVARIE, R COUTINHO, LL MORRIS, J MARKS, HL AF IVARIE, R COUTINHO, LL MORRIS, J MARKS, HL TI DELAYED SOMITE FORMATION AND MUSCLE-SPECIFIC GENE ACTIVATION IN A GENETIC LINE OF JAPANESE-QUAIL WITH EXTENSIVE MUSCLE HYPERPLASIA SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SEPRL,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT GENET,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD SEP PY 1992 VL 3 SU S BP A108 EP A108 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA JR255 UT WOS:A1992JR25500626 ER PT J AU JACKSON, D GREENE, B KERSTETTER, R SINHA, N SMITH, L VEIT, B HAKE, S AF JACKSON, D GREENE, B KERSTETTER, R SINHA, N SMITH, L VEIT, B HAKE, S TI THE ROLE OF HOMEOBOX GENES IN MAIZE DEVELOPMENT SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD SEP PY 1992 VL 3 SU S BP A99 EP A99 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA JR255 UT WOS:A1992JR25500570 ER PT J AU SHIRK, PD ZIMOWSKA, G BECKEMEYER, EF AF SHIRK, PD ZIMOWSKA, G BECKEMEYER, EF TI A GERM-CELL PROTEIN IN THE INDIANMEAL MOTH, PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD SEP PY 1992 VL 3 SU S BP A8 EP A8 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA JR255 UT WOS:A1992JR25500045 ER PT J AU LESHIN, LS RUND, LA KRAELING, RR CRIM, JW KISER, TE AF LESHIN, LS RUND, LA KRAELING, RR CRIM, JW KISER, TE TI DISTRIBUTION OF BETA-ENDORPHIN IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN THE ARCUATE NUCLEUS AND MEDIAN-EMINENCE OF POSTPARTUM ANESTRUS AND LUTEAL PHASE COWS SO NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BETA-ENDORPHIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE; HYPOTHALAMUS; ARCUATE NUCLEUS; MEDIAN EMINENCE ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN GENE-EXPRESSION; SERUM LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ACYCLIC BEEF-COWS; PREOPTIC AREA; OPIOID INHIBITION; CALF REMOVAL; LH-RELEASE; RAT-BRAIN; PITUITARY AB Deficiency in the secretion of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) from the median eminence (ME) is one of the factors limiting reinitiation of estrous cycles following parturition in cows. In previous studies, administration of naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, to postpartum cows increased LH secretion, suggesting that endogenous opioids inhibit the secretion of LHRH. This study employs quantitative light microscopy to describe morphological changes in the distribution of immunoreactive beta-endorphin (ir-beta-END) neurons in the hypothalamus of anestrous early postpartum (EPP, days 10-16, n = 5), midpostpartum (MPP, days 33-43, n = 4) and multiparous cycling cows (CYC, months 12-14, n = 4). Cryostat sections (60 mum) of perfusion-fixed ventral diencephalon and forebrain were immunostained with anti-beta-END serum via the biotin-avidin-peroxidase method or double stained sequentially with anti-LHRH serum, then anti-beta-END serum. In all cows, beta-END immunoreactive perikarya, mostly bipolar neurons, were located in the arcuate and periarcuate nucleus (ARC), with some perikarya in the ME. Within the ARC, the percentage area immunostained for ir-beta-END was greater (p < 0.01) for the CYC than EPP cows, with MPP intermediate but not significantly different from the other groups. Consistent for all cows, the percentage area of ir-beta-END in ventral ARC regions was greater (p < 0.05) than dorsal ARC regions. Fibers from these neurons coursed into the anterior hypothalamus, preoptic area and bed nucleus of stria terminalis. Ventrally projecting fibers entered the ME forming a densely staining band within the external layer. The percentage area stained was similar among all three postpartum groups. Few (1%) close associations between ir-beta-END varicosities and LHRH perikarya and dendrites were found in the anterior hypothalamus and ventral preoptic regions. However, within the external lamina of the ME extensive intermingling of ir-beta-END and LHRH varicosities were commonly observed. The reduced area of staining in the ARC of EPP cows compared to CYC cows may reflect an altered activity of beta-END neurons during this period. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ZOOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP LESHIN, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0028-3835 J9 NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY JI Neuroendocrinology PD SEP PY 1992 VL 56 IS 3 BP 436 EP 444 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA JT849 UT WOS:A1992JT84900020 PM 1436381 ER PT J AU PERCY, KE JENSEN, KF MCQUATTIE, CJ AF PERCY, KE JENSEN, KF MCQUATTIE, CJ TI EFFECTS OF OZONE AND ACIDIC FOG ON RED SPRUCE NEEDLE EPICUTICULAR WAX PRODUCTION, CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION, CUTICULAR MEMBRANE ULTRASTRUCTURE AND NEEDLE WETTABILITY SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE OZONE; ACID FOG; EPICUTICULAR WAX; WETTABILITY; RED SPRUCE (PICEA-RUBENS) ID SCOTS PINE; RAIN RETENTION; SURFACE WAXES; NORWAY SPRUCE; PICEA-ABIES; MORPHOLOGY; SYLVESTRIS; CHEMISTRY; THICKNESS; CLONES AB One-year-old red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) seedlings were exposed, from bud break, to ozone (O3) and acidic fog for 14, 42 or 77 days. Ozone was more damaging than acidic fog to epicuticular wax. Wax quantity on needles exposed to charcoal-filtered air (CFA) and pH 4.2 fog (control) increased from 14 to 42 days, but decreased by 77 days. Exposure of elongating needles to 70 ppb O3 and pH 4.2 fog reduced the rate of de novo wax synthesis. Red spruce wax is composed of secondary alcohols (50 %), nonacosane diols (25 %), alkyl esters (1 2 %), primary alcohols (6 %), estolides (2 %), fatty acids (3 %), and hydroxy-fatty acids (2 %). Wax chemical composition varied temporally. Needles exposed to O3 had significantly less secondary alcohols, diols, alkyl esters, fatty acids, and hydroxy-fatty acids than needles exposed to CFA. Production of secondary alcohols was significantly reduced following needle exposure to fog at pH 3.0. Cuticular membrane thickness increased significantly following needle exposure to O3. The increase in thickness at 250 ppb O3 was due to a new amorphous layer which appeared above the reticulate layer. Contact angles on needles exposed to CFA and pH 4.2 fog increased from 92-degrees after 14 days to 96-degrees after 42 days, then declined to 77-degrees after 77 days. Needle exposure to 03 for 42 or 77 days significantly decreased contact angles. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015. RP PERCY, KE (reprint author), FORESTRY CANADA,MARITIMES REG,POB 4000,FREDERICTON E3B 5P7,NB,CANADA. NR 38 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 122 IS 1 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb00054.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JQ919 UT WOS:A1992JQ91900007 ER PT J AU DANFORTH, HD ENTZEROTH, R CHOBOTAR, B AF DANFORTH, HD ENTZEROTH, R CHOBOTAR, B TI SCANNING AND TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY OF HOST-CELL PATHOLOGY ASSOCIATED WITH PENETRATION BY EIMERIA-PAPILLATA SPOROZOITES SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MUS-MUSCULUS AB Scanning and electron microscopy was used to study the pathogenesis that occurred in mouse epithelial cells that had been penetrated by Eimeria papillata sporozoites. Optimal penetration of parasites injected into nonligated and ligated mouse intestine was found to occur at 4-15 min post-inoculation. During initial penetration, the parasite caused disruption of the micro-villi of the intestinal cells, which led to detachment of the microvilli from the plasma membrane of the penetrated cell. Host cells penetrated by the parasite showed extensive destruction of the internal cellular organization together with blebbing of host-cell cytoplasm and release of internal organelles such as mitochondria. Ultimately, the penetrated cells completely broke down, leaving vacuolated areas next to ultrastructurally normal epithelial cells. C1 ANDREWS UNIV, DEPT BIOL, BERRIEN SPRINGS, MI 49104 USA. UNIV BONN, INST ZOOL, W-5300 BONN 1, GERMANY. RP DANFORTH, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI, PROTOZOAN DIS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 78 IS 7 BP 570 EP 573 DI 10.1007/BF00936454 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA JQ589 UT WOS:A1992JQ58900007 PM 1438148 ER PT J AU FINKELMAN, FD URBAN, JF AF FINKELMAN, FD URBAN, JF TI CYTOKINES - MAKING THE RIGHT CHOICE SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPE SELECTION; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; IFN-GAMMA; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; TH2 RESPONSES; LYMPHOCYTES-T; CELL SUBSETS; INFECTION; MICE; INTERLEUKIN-4 AB Fred Finkelmon and Joseph Urban propose that optimal host defense against different classes of parasite depends upon induction of different sets of immune effector mechanisms, which are, in tum, dependent upon secretion of different sets of cytokines. The authors suggest that hosts identify characteristics common to parasites of a given type as those triggers that stimulate secretion of the proper cytokine set. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP FINKELMAN, FD (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MAT SCI,DIV IMMUNOL & RHEUMATOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 34 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD SEP PY 1992 VL 8 IS 9 BP 311 EP 314 DI 10.1016/0169-4758(92)90105-B PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA JK105 UT WOS:A1992JK10500010 PM 15463650 ER PT J AU KLEINMAN, RE BAKER, SS BELL, EF HATCH, TF KLISH, WJ LEIBEL, RL UDALL, JN BENSON, JD LIEN, E THEUER, RC CHENEY, M CHOPRA, J DANIELS, PN HARRIS, SS HUBBARD, VS LEVIN, E PRENDERGAST, A STEMARIE, M SMITH, AE YIP, R LAUER, RM AF KLEINMAN, RE BAKER, SS BELL, EF HATCH, TF KLISH, WJ LEIBEL, RL UDALL, JN BENSON, JD LIEN, E THEUER, RC CHENEY, M CHOPRA, J DANIELS, PN HARRIS, SS HUBBARD, VS LEVIN, E PRENDERGAST, A STEMARIE, M SMITH, AE YIP, R LAUER, RM TI STATEMENT ON CHOLESTEROL SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID BOGALUSA HEART; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PRIMARY PREVENTION; CHILDHOOD; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; LIPOPROTEIN; CHILDREN; DIETARY; HISTORY C1 BUR NUTR SCI,OTTAWA,ONTARIO,CANADA. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. INT LIFE SCI INST,WASHINGTON,DC. NATL INST DIABETES DIGEST & KIDNEY DIS,BETHESDA,MD. NICHHD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CANADIAN PAEDIAT SOC,OTTAWA,ONTARIO,CANADA. AMER DIETET ASSOC,CHICAGO,IL. NR 32 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1992 VL 90 IS 3 BP 469 EP 473 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA JM412 UT WOS:A1992JM41200030 ER PT J AU LEHNEN, LP VAUGHN, KC AF LEHNEN, LP VAUGHN, KC TI THE HERBICIDE SINDONE-B DISRUPTS SPINDLE MICROTUBULE ORGANIZING CENTERS SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERIZATION INVITRO; CELLS; TUBULIN C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 44 IS 1 BP 50 EP 59 DI 10.1016/0048-3575(92)90008-N PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA JK871 UT WOS:A1992JK87100007 ER PT J AU HAISSIG, BE RIEMENSCHNEIDER, DE AF HAISSIG, BE RIEMENSCHNEIDER, DE TI THE ORIGINAL BASAL STEM SECTION INFLUENCES ROOTING IN PINUS-BANKSIANA CUTTINGS SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ADVENTITIOUS ROOT FORMATION; ENDOGENOUS ROOT-FORMING STIMULUS; JACK PINE; NP-IBA; N-PHENYL INDOLYL-3-BUTYRAMIDE; PINUS-BANKSIANA; PLANT PROPAGATION; VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION ID SEEDLING CUTTINGS; PRIMORDIUM DEVELOPMENT; CARBOHYDRATE AB We tested the hypothesis that, during propagation, the basal stem of Pinus banksiana Lamb. cuttings contains a nonauxin endogenous root-forming stimulus (ERS) whose effects are not replaced by auxin treatment; i.e., that auxin treatment of cuttings and surgical removal of their basal stems during propagation act additively on rooting, without significant interaction, as determined by analyses of variance. We studied the effects of ERS by severing the original basal (I cm) stem from cuttings at days 3, 6 and 9 of a 30-day period of propagation. To study treatment interaction, we applied the auxin N-phenyl indolyl-3-butyramide to some surgically treated cuttings. Results for all variables (proportion of rooted cuttings, number of roots per cutting and fresh weight of basal stem plus roots, if any) indicated that removing the basal stem reduced rooting and that auxin treatment increased rooting, without significant treatment interaction. The results thus supported the hypothesis that P. banksiana seedling cuttings contain ERS. However, neither the present nor previous tests have shown that ERS is a chemical stimulus rather than, for example, a biophysical or anatomical one. RP HAISSIG, BE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,POB 898,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 86 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JQ600 UT WOS:A1992JQ60000002 ER PT J AU BECERRIL, JM DUKE, MV NANDIHALLI, UB MATSUMOTO, H DUKE, SO AF BECERRIL, JM DUKE, MV NANDIHALLI, UB MATSUMOTO, H DUKE, SO TI LIGHT CONTROL OF PORPHYRIN ACCUMULATION IN ACIFLUORFEN-METHYL-TREATED LEMNA-PAUSICOSTATA SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE DIPHENYL ETHERS; HEME; HERBICIDES; LEMNA-PAUSICOSTATA; PORPHYRINS; PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE; PROTOPORPHYRIN IX ID DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES; PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE INHIBITION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DELTA-AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID; 3 PEROXIDIZING HERBICIDES; GREENING BARLEY LEAVES; MUNG-BEAN SEEDLINGS; 5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID; DEVELOPING CHLOROPLASTS; CUCUMBER COTYLEDONS AB in Lemna pausicostata Hegelm. 6746, light is required for sufficient acifluorfenmethyl (AFM) stimulation of protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX) accumulation to cause significant herbicidal action. In darkness, AFM causes Proto IX levels to increase for about 2 h, after which Proto IX content is stable at levels significantly lower than those accumulated in light. In darkness, sucrose cannot increase levels of AFM-induced Proto IX. However, addition of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) increases Proto IX levels in AFM-treated plants in darkness, demonstrating that the herbicide blocks the porphyrin pathway in darkness as it does in the light. Thus, Proto IX accumulation in darkness appears to be limited by ALA availability. This is supported by the finding that dioxoheptanoic acid caused more ALA to accumulate in light than in darkness. Heme is a feedback inhibitor of ALA synthesis, and heme synthesis is inhibited by AFM. However, total extractable heme levels were reduced by AFM by about the same amount in both light and darkness. Exogenously supplied hemin reduced AFM-caused Proto IX accumulation and herbicidal damage in the light and also reduced Proto IX accumulation caused by AFM or AFM plus ALA in darkness. AFM-stimulated Proto IX accumulation was inversely proportional to the log of the photon flux density between 5 and 500 mumol m-2 s-1. Reduced effects of higher photon fluxes on AFM-stimulated Proto IX accumulation are probably due to both increased photobleaching of Proto IX and reduced porphyrin synthesis because of herbicidal damage. AFM-stimulated Proto IX accumulation in darkness could not be demonstrated to be under phytochrome control, but it appeared to be under the negative influence of protochlorophyllide levels. C1 USDA ARS, SO WEED SCI LAB, POB 350, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. UNIV BASQUE COUNTRY, FAC CIENCIAS, DEP BIOL VEGETAL & ECOL, E-48080 BILBAO, SPAIN. UNIV TSUKUBA, INST APPL BIOCHEM, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI 305, JAPAN. RI BECERRIL, JOSE/H-1560-2015 OI BECERRIL, JOSE/0000-0001-6216-3508 NR 54 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 86 IS 1 BP 6 EP 16 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JQ600 UT WOS:A1992JQ60000003 ER PT J AU BRAUER, D CONNER, D TU, SI AF BRAUER, D CONNER, D TU, SI TI EFFECTS OF PH ON PROTON TRANSPORT BY VACUOLAR PUMPS FROM MAIZE ROOTS SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ATP; CORN; LEAKAGE; PYROPHOSPHATE; TONOPLAST; ZEA-MAYS ID PLANT KALANCHOE-DAIGREMONTIANA; CRASSULACEAN-ACID-METABOLISM; TONOPLAST VESICLES; CAM PLANT; LEAF-CELLS; ATPASE; PYROPHOSPHATASE; MICROSOMES; MEMBRANES; ENZYMES AB Protons pumps of the tonoplast may be involved in the regulation of cytosolic pH, but the effects of pH on the coupled activities of these transporters are poorly understood. The effects of pH on the activities of the H+-translocating pyrophosphatase (PP(i)ase) and vacuolar-type H+-translocating adenosine triphosphatase (H+-ATPase) from maize (Zea mays L. cv. FRB 73) root membranes were assessed by changes in acridine orange absorbance, and the data were analyzed according to a model that simultaneously considers proton transport by the pump and those processes that reduce net transport. The addition of either pyrophosphate or ATP to either microsomal or tonoplast membranes generated a pH gradient. The pH gradient generated in the presence of both substrates was not the sum of the gradients produced by the two substrates added separately. When membranes were separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, pyrophosphate (PP(i))-dependent proton transport was associated with light density membranes having tonoplast H+-ATPase activity. These results indicate that some portion of the PP(i)ase was located on the same membrane system as the tonoplast ATPase; however, tonoplast vesicles may be heterogeneous, differing slightly in the ratio of ATP- to PP(i)-dependent transport. Proton transport by both the PP(i)ase and ATPase had maximal activity at pH 7.0 to 8.0. Decreases in proton transport by the ATPase at pH above the optimum were associated with increases in the processes that reduce net transport. Such an association was not observed at pH values below the optimum. These results are discussed in terms of in situ regulation of cytoplasmic pH by the two pumps. RP BRAUER, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PLANT & SOIL BIOPHYS RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 86 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JQ600 UT WOS:A1992JQ60000010 ER PT J AU ALOSI, MC NEALE, DB AF ALOSI, MC NEALE, DB TI LIGHT-MEDIATED AND PHYTOCHROME-MEDIATED GENE-EXPRESSION IN DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE CAB EXPRESSION; DOUGLAS-FIR; LIGHT REGULATION; PHYTOCHROME; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; RBCS EXPRESSION; UBIQUITIN EXPRESSION ID HIGHER-PLANTS; POLYUBIQUITIN GENE; UBIQUITIN GENES; CHLOROPHYLL; PROTEINS; TOMATO; LEAVES; PINE; CDNA; RNA AB In dark-grown Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] seedlings, the steady-state level of the major light-harvesting chlorophyll alb binding proteins mRNA (cab mRNA) was about 25% of the level that accumulated in light-grown seedlings. A single, 5-min irradiance with red light up-regulated expression transiently, so that cab mRNAs accumulated to a level approaching that determined for light-grown seedlings. The response was reversible by far-red light to the dark level, indicating that the up-regulation was a phytochrome-mediated response. Phytochrome action also up-regulated genes that encode ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (EC 4.1.1.39) (rbcS) in Douglas-fir seedlings, but the maximal rbcS mRNA level that was attained after the red light treatment was several-fold lower than the expression level determined for light-grown seedlings. Genes that produce ubiquitin and ubiquitin-fusion transcripts were differentially expressed in dark- and light-grown seedlings, but the genes did not appear to be phytochrome regulated. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,INST FOREST GENET,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 86 IS 1 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JQ600 UT WOS:A1992JQ60000011 ER PT J AU BUNCE, JA AF BUNCE, JA TI LIGHT, TEMPERATURE AND NUTRIENTS AS FACTORS IN PHOTOSYNTHETIC ADJUSTMENT TO AN ELEVATED CONCENTRATION OF CARBON-DIOXIDE SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; BETA-VULGARIS; FEEDBACK INHIBITION; GLYCINE-MAX; NUTRIENT STRESS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SOYBEAN; SUGAR BEET ID LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; CO2; GROWTH; RESPONSES; PLANTS; ENRICHMENT; EXCHANGE; LEAVES; COTTON AB The short-term stimulation of the net rate of carbon dioxide exchange of leaves by elevated concentrations of CO2 usually observed in C3 plants sometimes does not persist. Experiments were conducted to test whether the patterns of response to the environment during growth were consistent with the hypotheses that photosynthetic adjustment to elevated CO2 concentration is due to (1) feedback inhibition or (2) nutrient stress. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Williams] and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. cv. Mono Hye-4) were grown from seed at 350 and 700 mul l-1 CO2, at 20 and 25-degrees-C, at a photon flux density of 0.5 and 1.0 mmol m-2 s-1 and with three nutrient regimes until the third trifoliolate leaf of soybean or the sixth leaf of sugar beet had finished expanding. Net rates Of CO2 exchange of the most recently expanded leaves were then measured at both 350 and 700 mul l-1 CO2. Plants grown at the elevated CO2 concentration had net rates of leaf CO2 exchange which were reduced by 33% in sugar beet and 23% in soybean when measured at 350 mul l-1 CO2 and when averaged over all treatments. Negative photosynthetic adjustment to elevated CO2 concentration was not greater at 20 than at 25-degrees-C, was not greater at a photon flux density of 1.0 than at 0.5 mmol M-2 s-1 and was not greater with limiting nutrients. Furthermore, in soybean, negative photosynthetic adjustment could be induced by a single night at elevated CO2 concentration, with net rates of CO2 exchange the next day equal to those of leaves of plants grown from seed at the elevated concentration Of CO2. These patterns do not support either the feedback-inhibition or the nutrient-stress hypothesis of photosynthetic adjustment to elevated concentrations of CO2. RP BUNCE, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 15 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 86 IS 1 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1992.tb01327.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JQ600 UT WOS:A1992JQ60000025 ER PT J AU LEESTADELMANN, OY CURRAN, CM BUSHNELL, WR AF LEESTADELMANN, OY CURRAN, CM BUSHNELL, WR TI INCOMPATIBILITY CONDITIONED BY THE MLA GENE IN POWDERY MILDEW OF BARLEY - CHANGE IN PERMEABILITY TO NONELECTROLYTES SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED HYPERSENSITIVE REACTION; TOBACCO SUSPENSION CELLS; F SP HORDEI; ERYSIPHE-GRAMINIS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; K+/H+ EXCHANGE; INVOLVEMENT; LIPOXYGENASE; PLASMOLYSIS; GENERATION C1 UNIV MINNESOTA, USDA ARS, CEREAL RUST LAB, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA. RP LEESTADELMANN, OY (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA, DEPT HORT SCI, PROTOPLASMATOL LAB, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 41 IS 3 BP 165 EP 177 DI 10.1016/0885-5765(92)90008-J PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KM069 UT WOS:A1992KM06900002 ER PT J AU ELLER, FJ TUMLINSON, JH LEWIS, WJ AF ELLER, FJ TUMLINSON, JH LEWIS, WJ TI EFFECT OF HOST DIET AND PREFLIGHT EXPERIENCE ON THE FLIGHT RESPONSES OF MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES (CRESSON) SO PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PARASITOID; HOST SELECTION; ATTRACTANTS; SENSITIZATION; LEARNING; HELIOTHIS ID AIRBORNE SEMIOCHEMICALS; OLFACTORY MICROHABITAT; LARVAL PARASITOIDS; MARGINIVENTRIS CRESSON; NEMERITIS-CANESCENS; ADULT EXPERIENCE; HYMENOPTERA; BEHAVIOR; LOCATION; BRACONIDAE AB Female Microplitis croceipes without previous exposure to host diet, feeding damage or faeces, and with no oviposition experience (i.e. inexperienced) exhibited flight tunnel responses towards extracts of faeces from several diet - host species combinations, excluding artificial diet. Inexperienced females exhibited the following preference order towards faeces from Heliothis zea larvae fed selected diets: cotton > wild geranium > cowpea > artificial diet, suggesting and adaptation to 'preferred' host plants. Females having a preflight experience with a plant-host complex (PHC) prior to testing exhibited a higher percentage of oriented flights in the wind tunnel than did inexperienced females. Oviposition per se had little effect on the flight response of females. The increased flight response after an experience is apparently due to a combination of sensitization and associative learning. In a choice situation, a single experience was insufficient to establish a preference for the PHC experienced; however, repeated experience resulted in preferences, and the degree of preference tended to increase with the number of experiences. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 38 TC 29 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0307-6962 J9 PHYSIOL ENTOMOL JI Physiol. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 17 IS 3 BP 235 EP 240 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3032.1992.tb01016.x PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JH955 UT WOS:A1992JH95500006 ER PT J AU MCKERN, NM MINK, GI BARNETT, OW MISHRA, A WHITTAKER, LA SILBERNAGEL, MJ WARD, CW SHUKLA, DD AF MCKERN, NM MINK, GI BARNETT, OW MISHRA, A WHITTAKER, LA SILBERNAGEL, MJ WARD, CW SHUKLA, DD TI ISOLATES OF BEAN COMMON MOSAIC-VIRUS COMPRISING 2 DISTINCT POTYVIRUSES SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PEANUT STRIPE VIRUS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; COAT PROTEINS; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; DIFFERENTIATION; CLASSIFICATION; TAXONOMY AB Strains of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) have been identified largely by their characteristic interactions with a selected number of differential bean cultivars. Recent studies have suggested that BCMV strains could be classified on serological and other grounds as strains of two distinct potyviruses. Using high-performance liquid chromatographic peptide profiles of coat protein digests together with limited peptide analysis, 22 isolates of BCMV, including representatives from seven recognized pathotypes, were compared with each other and with the type strains of blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (BlCMV) and peanut stripe virus (PStV). The peptide profiles confirm the existence of two distinct potyviruses among the current isolates of BCMV. BCMV strains NL-3, NL-5, NL-8, and TN-1 are strains of one of the potyviruses, which we propose should be named "bean necrosis mosaic virus," since these strains induce temperature-insensitive necrosis in bean cultivars that carry the dominant I gene. Strains CH-2, NL-1, NL-2, NI.A, NL-6, NL-7, PR-1, RU-1, US-1, US-2 (three variant isolates), US-3, US-4, US-5, US-6, US-7, and US-10 are strains of the second potyvirus, which we suggest should retain the name BCMV. Peptide profile data also suggest that isolates of BlCMV, PStV, azuki bean mosaic virus (AzMV), and three potyvirus isolates from soybean (PM, PN, and 74) are all strains of the second potyvirus, BCMV. C1 CSIRO,DIV BIOMOLEC ENGN,343 ROYAL PARADE,PARKVILLE,VIC 3052,AUSTRALIA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PROSSER,WA 99350. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & PHYSIOL,CLEMSON,SC 29634. IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,USDA ARS,PROSSER,WA 99350. GUJARAT AGR UNIV,BA COLL AGR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ANAND 388110,INDIA. NR 57 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1992 VL 82 IS 9 BP 923 EP 929 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-923 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JL125 UT WOS:A1992JL12500004 ER PT J AU GOTTWALD, TR GRAHAM, JH AF GOTTWALD, TR GRAHAM, JH TI A DEVICE FOR PRECISE AND NONDISRUPTIVE STOMATAL INOCULATION OF LEAF TISSUE WITH BACTERIAL PATHOGENS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CITRUS BACTERIAL SPOT; CITRUS CANKER; WATER-SOAKING; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS PV CITRI; X C PV CITRUMELO ID CITRUS CANKER; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; FLORIDA; SPOT; NURSERIES; ARGENTINA; SOYBEANS; STRAINS; GROWTH AB A stomatal inoculation apparatus (SIA) was developed to produce water congestion of leaf tissues and provide a reproducible noninjurious means of introducing two Xanthomonas campestris pathovars of citrus into leaf tissues without wounding. The SIA consisted of a small inoculation chamber attached to an intact leaf. Water and inoculum were metered into an airstream and focused to impact on a 1-mm-diameter area of the leaf surface. Leaf tissues on the abaxial surface of Duncan grapefruit leaves expanded 50-75% were more susceptible to infection than were other growth stages. Inoculum concentrations of 10(6) cfu/ ml consistently induced infection and resulted in discrete individual lesions. Airstream impact pressures of 6.28-8.04 kPa against the leaf surface consistently produced tissue congestion and infection without wounding. These pressures were the minimum threshold for increasing water volume in the leaf. From calculations of volume versus concentration of inoculum that enters a leaf via SIA, it was determined that as few as 2 cfu were required to cause a single lesion. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,IFAS,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. RP GOTTWALD, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008 NR 29 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1992 VL 82 IS 9 BP 930 EP 935 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-930 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JL125 UT WOS:A1992JL12500005 ER PT J AU CHEN, J CHANG, CJ JARRET, RL GAWEL, N AF CHEN, J CHANG, CJ JARRET, RL GAWEL, N TI GENETIC-VARIATION AMONG XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA STRAINS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PIERCES DISEASE; BACTERIA AB Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to determine similarities and differences in DNAs among 24 strains of Xylella fastidosa from eight different hosts. Two genomic libraries were constructed separately in pUC18 from two strains of X. fastidiosa: strain R112V2, isolated from grapevine showing Pierce's disease symptoms in Georgia; and strain PLMG83 (ATCC 35871), originally isolated from plum with leaf scald disease. The 12 probes from the R112V2 library, together with two restriction enzymes (24 probe-enzyme combinations), generated 67 scorable characters. Similarity coefficients (S(xy)) among the 24 X. fastidiosa strains ranged from 0.58 to 1.0. Sixteen strains from Pierce's disease of grapevine examined had striking genetic uniformity (S(xy) > 0.87), suggesting the presence of Pierce's disease RFLP group in X. fastidiosa. RFLP analysis, using probes from the PLMG83 library, yielded similar results. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT INTRODUCT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. RP CHEN, J (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GEORGIA STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223, USA. NR 19 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1992 VL 82 IS 9 BP 973 EP 977 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-973 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JL125 UT WOS:A1992JL12500013 ER PT J AU LEE, IM DAVIS, RE CHEN, TA CHIYKOWSKI, LN FLETCHER, J HIRUKI, C SCHAFF, DA AF LEE, IM DAVIS, RE CHEN, TA CHIYKOWSKI, LN FLETCHER, J HIRUKI, C SCHAFF, DA TI A GENOTYPE-BASED SYSTEM FOR IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS (MLOS) IN THE ASTER YELLOWS MLO STRAIN CLUSTER SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA HYBRIDIZATION; MOLECULAR CLONING; MOLLICUTES; PHYLOGENETICS ID NUCLEIC-ACID HYBRIDIZATION; EXTRACHROMOSOMAL DNA; CLOVER PROLIFERATION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; DISEASE; MICROSCOPY; PROBES; AGENT AB Fifteen mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) strains from North America and Europe, including aster yellows (AY), tomato big bud (BB), clover phyllody(CPh), chrysanthemum yellows (CY), and unknown MLOs, were studied. These MLOs are among those previously identified, on the basis of dot hybridizations, as members of the AY MLO strain cluster. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses revealed that all 15 strains can be classified into three genomic types: type I (typified by eastern AY MLOs), type II (e.g., western AY and CY MLOs), and type III (e.g., CPh MLO). Four key DNA probes (pAY9N, pBB88, pBB101, and pCN1-25) were designated for use in RFLP analyses for the identification of strains in the AY MLO strain cluster and the differentiation of the types within this cluster. This classification is consistent with results from monoclonal antibody typing and polymerase chain reaction analysis, but not with classifications based solely on biological properties. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,COOK COLL,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. AGR CANADA,PLANT RES CTR,OTTAWA K1A 0C6,ONTARIO,CANADA. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT PLANT SCI,EDMONTON T6G 2P5,ALBERTA,CANADA. RP LEE, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 57 TC 72 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD SEP PY 1992 VL 82 IS 9 BP 977 EP 986 DI 10.1094/Phyto-82-977 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JL125 UT WOS:A1992JL12500014 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, WJ OGREN, WL AF CAMPBELL, WJ OGREN, WL TI LIGHT ACTIVATION OF RUBISCO BY RUBISCO ACTIVASE AND THYLAKOID MEMBRANES SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LIGHT ACTIVATION; RUBISCO ACTIVASE; RUBISCO ACTIVATION; SPINACEA-OLERACEA; THYLAKOID MEMBRANE ID RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; OXYGENASE; LEAVES; CO2; PURIFICATION; INVIVO; ASSAY; ATP AB A reconstituted system comprising ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), rubisco activase, washed thylakoid membranes, and ATP was used to demonstrate a light-dependent stimulation of rubisco activation. ATP, ribulose bisphosphate, H+, and Mg2+ concentrations are normally light-dependent variables in the chloroplast but were maintained at pre-determined levels. Results indicated that rubisco activase and washed thylakoid membranes are sufficient to catalyze light stimulation of rubisco activation with the reconstituted system, and that rubisco activase is required for this light stimulation. The washed thylakoid membranes did not exhibit rubisco activase activity, nor was rubisco activase protein detected immunologically. Light-dependent activation of rubisco in the reconstituted system was similar in whole-chain and PS I electron transport reactions, and saturated at approximately 100-mu-mol photons m-2 s-1. C1 USDA ARS, PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT, 190 PABL, 1201 W GREGORY AVE, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 33 IS 6 BP 751 EP 756 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA JN475 UT WOS:A1992JN47500011 ER PT J AU HU, JG RUTGER, JN AF HU, JG RUTGER, JN TI POLLEN CHARACTERISTICS AND GENETICS OF INDUCED AND SPONTANEOUS GENETIC MALE-STERILE MUTANTS IN RICE SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE ORYZA-SATIVA; INDUCED MUTANTS; GENETIC MALE STERILITY; POLLEN ABORTION TYPE; INHERITANCE; ALLELISM ID ARTIFICIAL MUTATIONS; INDUCTION; UTILITY AB Pollen characteristics, inheritance and allelism of 23 genetic male-sterile (ms) mutants of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were investigated. Ten of the mutants were induced by ethyl methane sulfonate, one induced by ethyleneimine, seven induced by gamma rays, one induced by streptomycin, one derived from tissue culture and three were spontaneous mutants found in the field. Four pollen abortion types were observed among these ms mutants; 3 no-pollen (NP) type, 6 complete pollen abortion (CPA) type, 13 partial pollen abortion (PPA) type, and 1 stainable pollen abortion (SPA) type. Progeny tests over two years indicated that each of the mutants was inherited as a monogenic recessive. A partial diallel cross among the 23 ms mutants indicated that mutant E2 was allelic to G4, E5 was allelic to E9, N2 was allelic to N3, and that three other mutants, E3, G6 and T1, shared the same ms locus. Gene symbols ms-46 (t) through ms-63 (t) were assigned to these mutants. C1 USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP HU, JG (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VEGETABLE CROPS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 109 IS 2 BP 97 EP 107 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.1992.tb00159.x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA JN636 UT WOS:A1992JN63600002 ER PT J AU SMITH, LG HAKE, S AF SMITH, LG HAKE, S TI THE INITIATION AND DETERMINATION OF LEAVES SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Review ID ANGIOSPERM CALLITRICHE-HETEROPHYLLA; PERICLINAL CELL DIVISIONS; ENDOGENOUS ABSCISIC-ACID; HIPPURIS-VULGARIS L; HEDERA-HELIX L; RANUNCULUS-FLABELLARIS; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; PHASE-CHANGE; GRAPTOPETALUM-PARAGUAYENSE C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP SMITH, LG (reprint author), USDA,PLANT GENE EXPRESS CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 110 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 5 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD SEP PY 1992 VL 4 IS 9 BP 1017 EP 1027 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA JP093 UT WOS:A1992JP09300003 ER PT J AU LIANG, LZ HALLOIN, JM SAETTLER, AW AF LIANG, LZ HALLOIN, JM SAETTLER, AW TI USE OF POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL AND GLYCEROL AS CARRIERS OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR REDUCTION OF XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS PV PHASEOLI IN NAVY BEAN-SEEDS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris), either noninfested or internally infested with Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli, were immersed in solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) or glycerol as well as in solutions of these materials containing streptomycin, tetracycline, and chlorotetracycline. Immersion in either 25% PEG or 60% glycerol solutions did not diminish germination while seedling vigor was slightly reduced. PEG solutions were more effective than glycerol solutions for introduction of antibiotics into seeds. Concentrations of tetracycline and chlorotetracycline in PEG solutions that effectively reduced X. c. phaseoli were phytotoxic. PEG solutions with streptomycin reduced but did not eradicate internal populations of the bacterium from naturally contaminated seeds and caused few phytotoxic effects. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP LIANG, LZ (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 76 IS 9 BP 875 EP 879 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JJ707 UT WOS:A1992JJ70700002 ER PT J AU HARTUNG, JS AF HARTUNG, JS TI PLASMID-BASED HYBRIDIZATION PROBES FOR DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS PV CITRI SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; PHASEOLI EX SMITH; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; DNA PROBE; BACTERIAL SPOT; STRAINS; FLORIDA; REINSTATEMENT; CITRUMELO; NURSERIES AB Two hybridization probes were developed from plasmid DNA of pathotype A strain XC62 of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri. Plasmid pFL62.42 was constructed by cloning a 4.2-kb BamHI fragment of an indigenous plasmid of strain XC62 in the vector pUC9. Plasmid pFL1 contains an internal 700-bp EcoRI fragment from pFL62.42; this fragment was also cloned in the vector pUC9. The plasmid probes were highly specific for X. c. citri. Both plasmids hybridized with DNA purified from 44 pathotype A strains of X. c. citri, which had been isolated from diseased Citrus spp. in 15 countries. A dot blot format with chemiluminescent detection by biotinylated probes was used for these experiments. Probe pFL62.42 was also used to detect 13 of 15 pathotype B, C, and D strains of X. c. citri, and probe pFL1 was used to detect 11 of 15 pathotype B, C, and D strains of X. c. citri. The limit of detection for pathotype A was between 2 and 7 ng of DNA per dot, and the limit of detection for pathotypes B, C, and D was about two- to fourfold higher. Neither plasmid hybridized with DNA from 56 strains of X. campestris associated with citrus bacterial spot disease. The probes also did not hybridize with DNA from four epiphytic strains of X. campestris isolated from Citrus foliage or with DNA from Flavobacterium balustinum, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Erwinia carotovora, E amylovora, and Pseudomonas putida. When 16 other pathovars of X. campestris were screened by DNA dot blotting, limited cross reaction was observed with plasmid pFL62.42. Specificity of detection was improved with plasmid pFL1. Only DNA from X. c. vignicola and from a single strain of X. c. bilvae hybridized with plasmid pFL1. Probe pFL1 also specifically detected pathotype A of X. c. citri in extracts of leaf lesions. These probes will be useful in detecting X. c. citri. RP HARTUNG, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 76 IS 9 BP 889 EP 893 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JJ707 UT WOS:A1992JJ70700006 ER PT J AU THOMAS, CE JOURDAIN, EL AF THOMAS, CE JOURDAIN, EL TI HOST EFFECT ON SELECTION OF VIRULENCE FACTORS AFFECTING SPORULATION BY PSEUDOPERONOSPORA-CUBENSIS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Subpopulations of an isolate of Pseudoperonospora cubensis pathotype 5, which is virulent to both squash (Cucurbita pepo) and muskmelon (Cucumis melo), were maintained on each host for 18 generations. After each generation, each subpopulation was inoculated to both squash and muskmelon, and the subsequent sporulation rate on each host was monitored as an indicator of virulence. The subpopulation maintained on muskmelon showed a 99.7% reduction in sporulation rate on squash and a 226.1% increase in sporulation rate on muskmelon from generations five through 18. Sporulation on squash in this subpopulation returned to the original level after two generations of continuous culture on that host. This study illustrates the important effects of cucurbit host species in the selection of virulence factors that affect sporulation by this pathogen and provides insight into the occurrence of different pathotypes in cucurbit production areas from year to year. RP THOMAS, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,VEGETABLE LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 76 IS 9 BP 905 EP 907 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JJ707 UT WOS:A1992JJ70700010 ER PT J AU CHELLEMI, DO BRITTON, KO SWANK, WT AF CHELLEMI, DO BRITTON, KO SWANK, WT TI INFLUENCE OF SITE FACTORS ON DOGWOOD ANTHRACNOSE IN THE NANTAHALA MOUNTAIN-RANGE OF WESTERN NORTH-CAROLINA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN AB Sixty-five 0.08-ha plots located within the Nantahala Mountain range of western North Carolina were surveyed for dogwood anthracnose, caused by Discula destructiva. The incidence of disease and disease severity (extent of foliar symptoms and limb dieback) within canopies of Cornus florida was determined for all trees with a diameter of 1.0 cm or greater at 1.37 m aboveground. The incidence of dogwood anthracnose ranged from 53 to 100%; the severity of foliar symptoms, from 3 to 65%, and limb dieback, from 8 to 65%. Plots were inventoried, and the relationship between dogwood anthracnose and 14 variables representing indices of host density, stand composition, and topography was examined. Host density or relative host density, expressed in stems per hectare or importance value, respectively, and azimuth accounted for a significant portion of explainable variation in dogwood anthracnose. Anthracnose was inversely related to absolute or relative measurements of host density. Disease was greatest in northeast-facing plots and lowest in southwest-facing plots. Elevation had a minor influence on disease incidence and limb dieback. Geographic features, as described by the landform index, had a minor influence on disease incidence. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST SCI LAB,SOUTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602. US FOREST SERV,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,SOUTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,OTTO,NC 28763. RP CHELLEMI, DO (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,N FLORIDA RES & EDUC CTR,IFAS,ROUTE 3,BOX 4370,QUINCY,FL 32351, USA. NR 23 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 76 IS 9 BP 915 EP 918 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JJ707 UT WOS:A1992JJ70700013 ER PT J AU SMILEY, RW OGG, AG COOK, RJ AF SMILEY, RW OGG, AG COOK, RJ TI INFLUENCE OF GLYPHOSATE ON RHIZOCTONIA ROOT-ROT, GROWTH, AND YIELD OF BARLEY SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SEED TREATMENTS; BARE PATCH; TILLAGE; GRAINS; SOIL AB Time intervals between applying glyphosate to kill volunteer cereals and weeds and planting spring barley by direct drilling (no-till) into Rhizoctonia-infested soil were evaluated in field plots at Pendleton, Oregon, and Lacrosse and Lind, Washington. As the interval was shortened from autumn to spring application or from 3 wk to 3 days before planting in the spring, severity of Rhizoctonia root rot increased and grain yield decreased. When glyphosate applications were delayed until 2 or 3 days before planting (commonly used in production of spring barley in the Pacific Northwest), spring barley yields were reduced as much as 50% compared to when glyphosate was applied in the autumn or early spring. Disease was not as prevalent when glyphosate was applied 1 or 2 days after direct drilling compared with applications made 3 days before planting. Rhizoctonia root rot was least on spring barley when tillage or application of glyphosate was performed in the autumn or in spring 3 wk before planting. Tilling soil 2 days before planting at one site nullified the yield-depressing effect of a preplant glyphosate application. These results suggest that the inoculum potential for R. solani AG-8 as a pathogen of spring barley is strongly influenced by the timing of volunteer cereal and weed elimination and that adjustments in such practices can minimize crop damage and maximize yield. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP SMILEY, RW (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,COLUMBIA BASIN AGR RES CTR,POB 370,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 24 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 76 IS 9 BP 937 EP 942 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JJ707 UT WOS:A1992JJ70700018 ER PT J AU BHATTI, MA KRAFT, JM AF BHATTI, MA KRAFT, JM TI INFLUENCE OF SOIL BULK-DENSITY ON ROOT-ROT AND WILT OF CHICKPEA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE FUNGAL INTERACTIONS; RHIZOSPHERE POPULATIONS ID THIELAVIOPSIS-BASICOLA; COMPACTION; BEANS AB The reaction of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) to wilt and root rot pathogens was studied in a loose and a compacted soil with bulk densities of 1.2 Mg.m-3 and 1.5 Mg.m-3, respectively, Compacted or loose soil was infested separately or in various combinations with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, F. solani f. sp. pisi, Pythium ultimum, and/or Thielaviopsis basicola. The effects of wilt and root rot pathogens on disease severity were additive with various combinations of pathogen-infested soil. Root disease of a susceptible cultivar (JG-62) was more severe in infested, compacted soil than in loose soil, However, soil compaction had no effect on wilt caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Root growth of chickpea was inversely related to soil compaction. C1 USDA ARS,VEGETABLE & FORAGE CROPS PROD,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP BHATTI, MA (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 76 IS 9 BP 960 EP 963 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JJ707 UT WOS:A1992JJ70700024 ER PT J AU PALM, ME RICHARD, RD PARKER, P AF PALM, ME RICHARD, RD PARKER, P TI 1ST REPORT OF PUCCINIA-JACEAE VAR DIFFUSA ON DIFFUSE KNAPWEED IN THE UNITED-STATES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note ID CENTAUREA-DIFFUSA; NORTH-AMERICA C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA,APHIS,FOREST SCI LAB,BIOCONTROL FACIL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. USDA,APHIS,MISSION BIOL CONTROL LAB,MISSION,TX 78572. RP PALM, ME (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 76 IS 9 BP 972 EP 972 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JJ707 UT WOS:A1992JJ70700030 ER PT J AU WISE, RR ORTIZLOPEZ, A ORT, DR AF WISE, RR ORTIZLOPEZ, A ORT, DR TI SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS DURING DROUGHT IN FIELD-GROWN AND ACCLIMATED AND NONACCLIMATED GROWTH CHAMBER-GROWN COTTON SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW WATER POTENTIALS; ABSCISIC-ACID; STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION; STOMATAL APERTURES; SUNFLOWER LEAVES; CO2 EXCHANGE; GAS-EXCHANGE; INHIBITION; STRESS; FLUORESCENCE AB Inhomogeneous photosynthetic activity has been reported to occur in drought-stressed leaves. In addition, it has been suggested that these water stress-induced nonuniformities in photosynthesis are caused by "patchy" stomatal closure and that the phenomenon may have created the illusion of a nonstomatal component to the inhibition of photosynthesis. Because these earlier studies were performed with nonacclimated growth chamber-grown plants, we sought to determine whether such "patches" existed in drought-treated, field-grown plants or in chamber-grown plants that had been acclimated to low leaf water potentials (psi(leaf)). Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was grown in the field and subjected to drought by withholding irrigation and rain from 24 d after planting. The distribution of photosynthesis, which may reflect the stomatal aperture distribution in a heterobaric species such as cotton, was assayed by autoradiography after briefly exposing attached leaves of field-grown plants to (CO2)-C-14. A homogeneous distribution of radioactive photosynthate was evident even at the lowest psi(leaf) of -1.34 MPa. "Patchiness" could, however, be induced by uprooting the plant and allowing the shoot to air dry for 6 to 8 min. In parallel studies, growth chamber-grown plants were acclimated to drought by withholding irrigation for three 5-d drought cycles interspersed with irrigation. This drought acclimation lowered the psi(leaf) value at which control rates of photosynthesis could be sustained by approximately 0.7 MPa and was accompanied by a similar decline in the psi(leaf) at which patchiness first appeared. Photosynthetic inhomogeneities in chamber-grown plants that were visible during moderate water stress and ambient levels of CO2 could be largely removed with elevated CO2 levels (3000 muL L-1), suggesting that they were stomatal in nature. However, advanced dehydration (less than approximately 2.0 MPa) resulted in "patches" that could not be so removed and were probably caused by nonstomatal factors. The demonstration that patches do not exist in drought-treated, field-grown cotton and that the presence of patches in chamber-grown plants can be altered by treatments that cause an acclimation of photosynthesis leads us to conclude that spatial heterogeneities in photosynthesis probably do not occur frequently under natural drought conditions. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 33 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 100 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1104/pp.100.1.26 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JR211 UT WOS:A1992JR21100005 PM 16652956 ER PT J AU ZHUANG, H HAMILTONKEMP, TR ANDERSEN, RA HILDEBRAND, DF AF ZHUANG, H HAMILTONKEMP, TR ANDERSEN, RA HILDEBRAND, DF TI DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGE IN C6-ALDEHYDE FORMATION BY SOYBEAN LEAVES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROPEROXIDE LYASE; ACYL-HYDROLASE; LINOLENIC ACID; FATTY-ACIDS; PLANTS; LIPIDS AB Damage to plant leaves by wounding or freezing induces the production of large amounts of C6-compounds. However, the control of formation of these compounds in leaves is not yet clear. In the current study, C6-aldehyde formation by freeze-injured soybean leaves of different ages (based on the leaf positions on the plant) at stage R1 of plant development was investigated. The results demonstrate that C6-aldehyde formation by the soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves changes as leaves develop. Younger leaves produce high levels of C6-aldehydes, mainly composed of hexanal. Subsequently, as the leaves develop, the level of C6-aldehyde formation decreases markedly, followed by an increase with a large shift from hexanal to hexenals. Lipoxygenase and lipolytic acyl hydrolase activity was reduced, and, in contrast, hydroperoxide lyase activity increased. There was little difference in lipoxygenase substrate specificity for linoleic acid and linolenic acid, but hydroperoxide lyase preferentially utilized 13-hydroperoxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid. In the in vivo lipoxygenase substrate pool, the linoleic acid level declined and the relative level of linolenic acid increased. The change in ratios of linolenic acid to linoleic acid showed a similar trend during soybean leaf development to that of hexenals to hexanal. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 100 IS 1 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1104/pp.100.1.80 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JR211 UT WOS:A1992JR21100013 PM 16653005 ER PT J AU COCHARD, H CRUIZIAT, P TYREE, MT AF COCHARD, H CRUIZIAT, P TYREE, MT TI USE OF POSITIVE PRESSURES TO ESTABLISH VULNERABILITY CURVES - FURTHER SUPPORT FOR THE AIR-SEEDING HYPOTHESIS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRESSURE-VOLUME ANALYSIS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED XYLEM EMBOLISM; APOPLASTIC WATER; PLANTS; SAP; CAVITATION AB Loss of hydraulic conductivity occurs in stems when the water in xylem conduits is subjected to sufficiently negative pressure. According to the air-seeding hypothesis, this loss of conductivity occurs when air bubbles are sucked into water-filled conduits through micropores adjacent to air spaces in the stem. Results in this study showed that loss of hydraulic conductivity occurred in stem segments pressurized in a pressure chamber while the xylem water was under positive pressure. Vulnerability curves can be defined as a plot of percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity versus the pressure difference between xylem water and the outside air inducing the loss of conductivity. Vulnerability curves were similar whether loss of conductivity was induced by lowering the xylem water pressure or by raising the external air pressure. These results are consistent with the air-seeding hypothesis of how embolisms are nucleated, but not with the nucleation of embolisms at hydrophobic cracks because the latter requires negative xylem water pressure. The results also call into question some basic underlying assumptions used in the determination of components of tissue water potential using "pressure-volume" analysis. C1 INRA,PHYSIOL INTEGREE ARBRE FRUITIER LAB,F-63039 CLERMONT FERRAND,FRANCE. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,BURLINGTON,VT 05402. RP COCHARD, H (reprint author), INRA,ECOPHYSIOL FORESTIERE,F-54280 CHAMPENOUX,FRANCE. RI Cochard, Herve/P-7406-2015 OI Cochard, Herve/0000-0002-2727-7072 NR 22 TC 192 Z9 208 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 100 IS 1 BP 205 EP 209 DI 10.1104/pp.100.1.205 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JR211 UT WOS:A1992JR21100031 PM 16652947 ER PT J AU TURANO, FJ WEISEMANN, JM MATTHEWS, BF AF TURANO, FJ WEISEMANN, JM MATTHEWS, BF TI IDENTIFICATION AND EXPRESSION OF A CDNA CLONE ENCODING ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE IN CARROT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALFALFA ROOT-NODULES; SUSPENSION-CULTURES; PURIFICATION; SEQUENCE; PROTEINS; ENZYME; GENE AB A full-length cDNA clone encoding aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) has been identified from a carrot root cDNA library. Degenerate oligo primers were synthesized from the known amino acid sequence of AAT form I from carrot (Daucus carota L. cv Danvers). These primers were utilized in a polymerase chain reaction to amplify a portion of a carrot AAT gene from first strand cDNA synthesized from poly(A)+ RNA isolated from 5-d-old cell suspension cultures. The resulting 750-bp fragment was cloned, mapped, and sequenced. The cloned fragment, mpAAT1, was used as a probe to identify a full-length cDNA clone in a library constructed from poly(A)+ RNA isolated from carrot roots. A 1.52-kb full-length clone, AAT7, was isolated and sequenced. AAT7 has 54% nucleotide identity with both the mouse cytoplasmic and mitochondrial AAT genes. The deduced amino acid sequence has 52 and 53% identity with the deduced amino acid sequences of mouse cytoplasmic and mitochondrial AAT genes, respectively. Further analysis of the sequence data suggests that AAT7 encodes a cytoplasmic form of carrot AAT; the evidence includes the (a) absence of a transit or signal sequence, (b) lack of "m-residues," or invariant mitochondrial residues, in the carrot AAT sequence, and (c) high degree of sequence similarity with the amino acid sequence previously obtained for form I of carrot, a cytoplasmic isoenzyme. High- and low-stringency hybridizations to Southern blots of carrot nuclear DNA with AAT7 show that AAT is part of a small multigene family. Northern blot analysis of AAT7 suggests that AAT is expressed throughout cell culture up to 7 d and is highly expressed in roots but not in leaves. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 100 IS 1 BP 374 EP 381 DI 10.1104/pp.100.1.374 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JR211 UT WOS:A1992JR21100054 PM 16652971 ER PT J AU CALLAHAN, AM MORGENS, PH WRIGHT, P NICHOLS, KE AF CALLAHAN, AM MORGENS, PH WRIGHT, P NICHOLS, KE TI COMPARISON OF PCH313 (PTOM13 HOMOLOG) RNA ACCUMULATION DURING FRUIT SOFTENING AND WOUNDING OF 2 PHENOTYPICALLY DIFFERENT PEACH CULTIVARS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ETHYLENE-FORMING ENZYME; MESSENGER-RNA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; COLD HARDINESS; ANTISENSE RNA; TOMATO; GENE; EXPRESSION; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Pch313 was isolated as a cDNA whose RNA accumulated during the softening period of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) fruit development. To better understand the role of the gene, we compared the amount of pch313-related RNA detected during fruit softening and tissue wounding between cultivars with different softening characteristics. The cultivar that softened faster, "Bailey," had a significantly higher amount of pch313-related RNA accumulate during softening than the slower-softening cultivar, "Sun-crest." Pch313 was sequenced and found to be related to a tomato fruit cDNA clone, pTOM13, which has been shown to encode the ethylene-forming enzyme. The derived amino acid sequence of pch313 is 74 to 83% identical to the pTOM13-related sequences. A pch313-3' noncoding region probe was used to demonstrate that pch313 is related to both a wound-induced RNA transcript and the major fruit-softening transcript. The relationship of pch313 RNA accumulation and ethylene evolution was examined upon wounding and appeared to be both tissue and cultivar specific. When leaves were wounded, more pch313-related RNA was detected in Bailey and the rate of ethylene evolved was also higher in Bailey. When fruits were wounded, the levels of ethylene evolved were nearly identical but Suncrest accumulated more pch313-related RNA. Southern analysis of the DNA indicated a small number of related genes. RP CALLAHAN, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 22 TC 52 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 100 IS 1 BP 482 EP 488 DI 10.1104/pp.100.1.482 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JR211 UT WOS:A1992JR21100068 PM 16652987 ER PT J AU NEWMAN, KD VANTOAI, TT AF NEWMAN, KD VANTOAI, TT TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SOYBEAN ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE GENE FAMILY AMPLIFIED INVITRO BY THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGAN-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; ANAEROBIC INDUCTION; MAIZE; ADH; SEQUENCE; ROOTS AB Soybean (Glycine max) alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) cDNAs were amplified in vitro from total RNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplification strategy involved first strand cDNA synthesis from anaerobic cotyledon total RNA using an 18-thymidine primer. The second strand cDNA primer was a conserved sequence near the 5' end of known plant ADH transcripts. The PCR products were ligated into a plasmid vector and unique clones were isolated on the basis of size and restriction pattern. Sequence analysis revealed three distinct classes of soybean ADH cDNAs, all of which showed high homology to Adh genes from maize and peas. RNA blot hybridization analyses showed differential expression patterns for these genes. One gene, expressed constitutively in all seedling organs, was inducible by anaerobiosis, one gene was expressed only in anaerobic organs, and the third gene was expressed predominantly in anaerobic roots. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,590 WOODY HAYES DR,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. USDA ARS,SOIL DRAINAGE RES UNIT,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 100 IS 1 BP 489 EP 495 DI 10.1104/pp.100.1.489 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JR211 UT WOS:A1992JR21100069 PM 16652988 ER PT J AU GUY, CL HUBER, JLA HUBER, SC AF GUY, CL HUBER, JLA HUBER, SC TI SUCROSE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE AND SUCROSE ACCUMULATION AT LOW-TEMPERATURE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRUCTAN METABOLISM; COLD-ACCLIMATION; LEAVES; WHEAT; EXPRESSION; SUGAR; PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE; 2,6-BISPHOSPHATE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TOLERANCE AB The influence of growth temperature on the free sugar and sucrose phosphate synthase content and activity of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaf tissue was studied. When plants were grown at 25-degrees-C for 3 weeks and then transferred to a constant 5-degrees-C, sucrose, glucose, and fructose accumulated to high levels during a 14-d period. Predawn sugar levels increased from 14- to 20-fold over the levels present at the outset of the low-temperature treatment. Sucrose was the most abundant free sugar before, during, and after exposure to 5-degrees-C. Leaf sucrose phosphate synthase activity was significantly increased by the low-temperature treatment, whereas sucrose synthase and invertases were not. Synthesis of the sucrose phosphate synthase subunit was increased during and after low-temperature exposure and paralleled an increase in the steady-state level of the subunit. The increases in sucrose and its primary biosynthetic enzyme, sucrose phosphate synthase, are discussed in relation to adjustment of metabolism to low nonfreezing temperature and freezing stress-tolerance. C1 USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP GUY, CL (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT ENVIRONM HORT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 38 TC 234 Z9 251 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 100 IS 1 BP 502 EP 508 DI 10.1104/pp.100.1.502 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JR211 UT WOS:A1992JR21100071 PM 16652990 ER PT J AU BIALEK, K MICHALCZUK, L COHEN, JD AF BIALEK, K MICHALCZUK, L COHEN, JD TI AUXIN BIOSYNTHESIS DURING SEED-GERMINATION IN PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS-L; GLYCINE-MAX L; DEUTERIUM-OXIDE; D-TRYPTOPHAN; IDENTIFICATION; ACID; METABOLISM; PLANTS; IAA AB The relative roles of de novo biosynthesis of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and IAA conjugates stored in mature seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in supplying auxin to germinating bean seedlings were studied. Using H-2 oxide and 2,4,5,6,7-[H-2]L-tryptophan as tracers of IAA synthesis, we have shown that de novo biosynthesis of IAA, primarily from tryptophan, is an important source of auxin for young bean seedlings. New synthesis of IAA was detected as early as the second day of germination, at which time the seedlings began to accumulate fresh weight intensively and the total content of free IAA began to increase steadily. IAA conjugates that accumulate in large amounts in cotyledons of mature seeds may thus be considered to be only one of the possible sources of IAA required for the growth of bean seedlings. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742. OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 30 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 100 IS 1 BP 509 EP 517 DI 10.1104/pp.100.1.509 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JR211 UT WOS:A1992JR21100072 PM 16652991 ER PT J AU HOELZLE, I FINER, JJ MCMULLEN, MD STREETER, JG AF HOELZLE, I FINER, JJ MCMULLEN, MD STREETER, JG TI INDUCTION OF GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE ACTIVITY IN NONNODULATED ROOTS OF GLYCINE MAX, PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS, AND PISUM-SATIVUM SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID REGULATED EXPRESSION; NODULES; AMMONIA; ISOENZYMES; SEEDLINGS; GENES AB Nitrate or ammonium fertilization significantly increased glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in nonnodulated roots of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), soybean (Glycine max), and pea (Pisum sativum). Western analysis revealed substantial GS antibody-positive protein in root extracts that had minimal GS activity, indicating that an inactive form of GS may be present in nonfertilized plants. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691. USDA ARS,CORN & SOYBEAN RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH. RI Finer, John/N-4713-2014 OI Finer, John/0000-0001-8004-5468 NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 100 IS 1 BP 525 EP 528 DI 10.1104/pp.100.1.525 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JR211 UT WOS:A1992JR21100074 PM 16652993 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, DL BURKE, JJ AF FERGUSON, DL BURKE, JJ TI A NEW METHOD OF MEASURING PROTEIN-METHIONINE-S-OXIDE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ALPHA-1-PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; ENZYMATIC REDUCTION; SULFOXIDE; INACTIVATION AB A new assay for measuring protein-methionine-S-oxide reductase is reported. The assay measures the conversion of N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-methionine sulfoxide to N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-methionine using fluorescence detection after high-performance liquid chromatography separation. Enzyme activity is linear over a 60-min period and the assay is sensitive enough to detect the consumption of only 1% of available substrate. Protein-methionine-S-oxide reductase activity was demonstrated in pea (Pisum sativum L.) chloroplasts, and enzyme levels in leaves of etiolated and light-grown seedlings were compared. C1 USDA,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,ROUTE 3,BOX 215,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 100 IS 1 BP 529 EP 532 DI 10.1104/pp.100.1.529 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA JR211 UT WOS:A1992JR21100075 PM 16652994 ER PT J AU ALLEN, PC AF ALLEN, PC TI EFFECT OF COCCIDIOSIS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF DIETARY LUTEIN IN THE CHICK SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHICK; COCCIDIOSIS; MALABSORPTION; LUTEIN; TISSUES ID EIMERIA-ACERVULINA; CAROTENOIDS; METABOLISM AB A series of experiments was run to determine whether the distribution of dietary carotenoids in chick plasma and tissue was dependent upon a saturable carrier, and to observe how infection with Eimeria acervulina affected this distribution. Broiler (Hubbard x Hubbard) and Sex Sal (Rhode Island Red x White Rock) chicks were fed a white com and soybean meal-based diet supplemented with varying levels of a commercial lutein concentrate. Plasma, small intestine, and liver were analyzed for lutein. In the first experiment, mean plasma values in control broiler chicks increased linearly from 0 to 200 ppm supplementation. Mean plasma values of infected chicks were decreased an average of 71% as compared with controls, and reached a plateau between 100 and 200 ppm dietary lutein. In the second experiment, plasma, small intestinal, and liver lutein levels in broiler chicks reached a plateau between 200 and 500 ppm. In the third experiment, plasma and liver values in Sex Sal chicks leveled off between 250 and 500 ppm whereas levels in the small intestine increased linearly. Infection of the Sex Sal chicks at 3 wk of age with E. acervulina caused plasma lutein levels to be reduced about 88%, small intestinal levels 76%, and liver levels 72%. Supplementation with 500 ppm resulted in higher proportions of lutein in tissues. Infection with E. acervulina shifted the ratios to even higher proportions in the tissues at all supplementation levels. The results of the current study are consistent with the hypothesis that a carrier is required to mobilize lutein from tissues (particularly the intestinal mucosa) to the plasma, and further, that E. acervulina infection adversely affects levels of this carrier. RP ALLEN, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1457 EP 1463 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JK225 UT WOS:A1992JK22500007 PM 1409229 ER PT J AU HUME, ME KUBENA, LF BEIER, RC HINTON, A CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR AF HUME, ME KUBENA, LF BEIER, RC HINTON, A CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR TI FERMENTATION OF [C-14] LACTOSE IN BROILER CHICKS BY CECAL ANAEROBES SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION; CECAL CULTURES; VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS; LACTIC ACID; LACTOSE ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; DIETARY LACTOSE; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; INTESTINAL MICROFLORA; NURMI CULTURES; INFECTION; FLORA; RESISTANCE; PREVENTION AB Volatile fatty acids and lactic acid were products of [C-14]lactose metabolism in 10-day-old broiler chicks. The [C-14]lactose and unlabeled lactose were given to chicks in combination with cultures of cecal anaerobes (direct fed microbials) from adult broiler chickens. Aliquots of these cecal anaerobes had been used previously to reduce Salmonella typhimurium colonization in broiler chicks. In the current study, chicks were treated with anaerobes and anaerobes plus lactose on the day of hatch. Chicks given lactose plus anaerobes also received unlabeled lactose in the drinking water. Chicks in all treatment groups received [C-14]lactose on Day 10 posthatch. After 5 h, most of the radiolabel was detected in the foregut and intestine. Significantly lower concentrations of [C-14]lactic acid were detected in the serum and foregut of chicks given anaerobes and anaerobes plus lactose than in the similar samples from control chicks. Additionally, significantly less [C-14]lactic acid was detected in the feces of chicks treated with anaerobes plus lactose than in feces from control chicks and chicks receiving only anaerobes. Significant differences in the total content of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid were detected in the serum, liver, intestine, and ceca of chicks treated with anaerobes or anaerobes plus lactose. These data indicate that cecal flora utilize lactose to produce volatile fatty acids and lactic acid. RP HUME, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,BOX 810,ROUTE 5,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1464 EP 1470 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA JK225 UT WOS:A1992JK22500008 PM 1409230 ER PT J AU NEDBAL, L SAMSON, G WHITMARSH, J AF NEDBAL, L SAMSON, G WHITMARSH, J TI REDOX STATE OF A ONE-ELECTRON COMPONENT CONTROLS THE RATE OF PHOTOINHIBITION OF PHOTOSYSTEM-II SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; REACTION CENTERS; FLUORESCENCE DECLINE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; ACTINIC LIGHT; PS-II; ACCEPTOR; PHEOPHYTIN; PHOTOREDUCTION; REDUCTION AB Photosystem II reaction centers in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria are susceptible to damage by excess light that irreversibly impairs activity and eventually results in the proteolytic degradation of at least one of the core proteins. The sequence of events and underlying molecular mechanisms that lead to photoinhibition are poorly understood. Here we present evidence for a one-electron redox component that exerts strong control over the rate of photosystem II photoinhibition in isolated thylakoid membranes. Monitoring the impact of various doses of visible light on the rate of water oxidation and on the variable chlorophyll fluorescence, we found that reduction of the redox component increased the rate of photoinhibition > 15-fold. Anaerobic potentiometric titrations of the rate of photoinhibition revealed a redox component with a midpoint potential near 20 mV at pH 7.5. The titrations fit a Nernst equation for a one-electron reaction and were nearly pH independent. Although we have not yet identified the chemical species being titrated, a likely candidate is low-potential cytochrome b-559. We believe this observation reveals an electron transfer pathway in photosystem II that functions to protect the reaction center against excess light energy. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,197 PABL,1201 W GREGORY DR,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 44 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 17 BP 7929 EP 7933 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.17.7929 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JL614 UT WOS:A1992JL61400017 PM 11607318 ER PT J AU TURLINGS, TCJ TUMLINSON, JH AF TURLINGS, TCJ TUMLINSON, JH TI SYSTEMIC RELEASE OF CHEMICAL SIGNALS BY HERBIVORE-INJURED CORN SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; COTESIA-MARGINIVENTRIS; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; PLANT-LEAVES; HOST-PLANT; ALLELOCHEMICALS; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNICATION; MICROHABITAT; DEFENSE AB Corn seedlings respond to insect herbivore-inflicted injury by releasing relatively large amounts of several characteristic terpenoids and, as a result, become highly attractive to parasitic wasps that attack the herbivores. Chemical evidence showed that the induced emission of volatiles is not limited to the sites of damage but occurs throughout the plant. This evidence was obtained by comparing the release of volatiles from leaves of unharmed (control) seedlings with the release of volatiles from undamaged leaves of seedlings with two injured leaves treated with caterpillar regurgitant. Immediately after injury no differences were measured in the released volatiles, but several hours later the undamaged leaves of injured plants released the terpenoids linalool, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, and (3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene in significantly larger amounts than leaves of unharmed plants. Other volatiles that are released by herbivore-injured leaves were detected occasionally only in trace amounts from the undamaged leaves of a damaged seedling. The systemic release of volatiles by injured corn coincided with attractiveness to the parasitoid Cotesia margin-iventris; undamaged leaves of injured plants became significantly more attractive than leaves from control seedlings. These findings show conclusively that when a plant is injured by an insect herbivore the whole plant emits chemical signals. RP TURLINGS, TCJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; Turlings, Ted/E-8671-2012 OI Turlings, Ted/0000-0002-8315-785X NR 22 TC 250 Z9 279 U1 8 U2 50 PU NATL ACAD PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 1 PY 1992 VL 89 IS 17 BP 8399 EP 8402 DI 10.1073/pnas.89.17.8399 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA JL614 UT WOS:A1992JL61400115 PM 11607325 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, PE LUKASKI, HC KORYNTA, ED AF JOHNSON, PE LUKASKI, HC KORYNTA, ED TI EFFECTS OF STEARIC-ACID AND BEEF TALLOW ON IRON UTILIZATION BY THE RAT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FOOD IRON; ANIMAL PROTEINS; ABSORPTION; FAT; ENHANCEMENT; HUMANS; BIOAVAILABILITY; LIPIDS; DIET; OIL AB Two experiments were done in which anemic rats were fed diets containing safflower oil or stearic acid and low (10 ppm) or adequate (39-42 ppm) iron. Diets were 24% fat by weight. In the stearic acid diets, 2% (Experiment 1) or 4% (Experiment 2) of the fat was supplied by safflower oil to satisfy essential fatty acid requirements. Repletion of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and liver iron was assessed. Compared with safflower oil in both experiments, stearic acid had a significant positive effect (P < 0.0001) on repletion of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), and liver iron concentration; the effect on Hb and Hct was most pronounced when dietary iron was low. When expressed as g Hb/mg Fe intake, Hb repletion was affected by a significant interaction between fat and Fe (P < 0.002) and was greatest in rats fed low iron stearic acid diets. In a third experiment, rats were fed low dietary iron and 24% safflower oil, 20% stearic acid + 4% safflower oil, 3.2% stearic acid + 20.8% safflower oil, or 20% beef tallow + 4% safflower oil. The 20% beef tallow provided 3.2% stearic acid in the total diet. The responses of Hb and Hct were similar to those in the first two experiments for rats fed safflower oil or stearic acid. Rats fed beef tallow had significantly greater (P < 0.05) Hb and Hct repletion than did rats fed safflower oil, although the degree of repletion was less than that observed in rats fed 20% stearic acid. There was no difference in iron repletion of rats fed 3.2% stearic acid and rats led beef tallow. We conclude that stearic acid enhances iron utilization by rats. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 200 IS 4 BP 480 EP 486 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA JK227 UT WOS:A1992JK22700005 PM 1508937 ER PT J AU POND, WG ELLIS, KJ SCHOKNECHT, P AF POND, WG ELLIS, KJ SCHOKNECHT, P TI RESPONSE OF BLOOD-SERUM CONSTITUENTS TO PRODUCTION OF AND RECOVERY FROM A KWASHIORKOR-LIKE SYNDROME IN THE YOUNG-PIG SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITIONAL ADAPTATION; CHOLESTEROL; PROTEIN AB Twenty-six 3-week-old genetically obese pigs were fed in two experiments to determine the serum chemistry profile during severe protein malnutrition and repletion. Severe protein deficiency was produced in pigs fed the high-fat, low-protein diet (growth failure, rough hair, low serum total protein and albumin). In Experiment 1, blood was sampled from the anterior vena cava of each pig five times during depletion and three times during repletion to determine serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, glucose, Ca, inorganic P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, total bilirubin, urea N, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase. In Experiment 2, blood was sampled weekly for 8 weeks for serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, glucose, Ca, P, Mg and alkaline phosphatase. HDL-cholesterol was increased (P < 0.01) and albumin was decreased (P < 0.01) in protein-deficient pigs in both experiments. Creatinine, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were elevated in protein-deficient pigs compared with controls after 7 weeks of depletion. Inorganic P (P < 0.01), Ca (P < 0.01), and Mg (P < 0.05) concentrations were depressed in protein-depleted pigs compared with controls in both experiments. After 8 weeks of repletion in Experiment 1, all elements except inorganic P were similar in the two groups. Short-term, severe, protein malnutrition affected lipid, electrolyte, and structural mineral metabolism and indices of liver function in the absence of parasites, diarrhea, and infection. The effects were reversed after 8 weeks of repletion. We conclude that the elevated serum cholesterol in protein deficiency is related primarily to an increase in the HDL fraction. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP POND, WG (reprint author), USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77003, USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 200 IS 4 BP 555 EP 561 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA JK227 UT WOS:A1992JK22700018 PM 1354873 ER PT J AU HERMS, DA MATTSON, WJ AF HERMS, DA MATTSON, WJ TI THE DILEMMA OF PLANTS - TO GROW OR DEFEND SO QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CARBON-NUTRIENT BALANCE; CYNOGLOSSUM-OFFICINALE L; LOTUS-CORNICULATUS L; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; LOW NUTRITIVE QUALITY; SENECIO-JACOBAEA L; INSECT HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; TISSUE-SPECIFIC DISTRIBUTION; SHRUB OEMLERIA-CERASIFORMIS; PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE AB Physiological and ecological constraints play key roles in the evolution of plant growth patterns, especially in relation to defenses against herbivores. Phenotypic and life history theories are unified within the growth-differentiation balance (GDB) framework, forming an integrated system Of theories explaining and predicting patterns of plant defense and competitive interactions in ecological and evolutionary time. Plant activity at the cellular level can be classified as growth (cell division and enlargement) of differentiation (chemical and morphological changes leading to cell maturation and specialization). The GDB hypothesis of plant defense is premised upon a physiological trade-off between growth and differentiation processes. The trade-off between growth and defense exists because secondary metabolism and structural reinforcement are physiologically constrained in dividing and enlarging cells, and because they divert resources from the production of new leaf area. Hence the dilemma of plants: They must grow fast enough to compete, yet maintain the defenses necessary to survive in the presence of pathogens and herbivores. The physiological trade-off between growth and differentiation processes interacts with herbivory and plant-plant competition to manifest itself as a genetic trade-off between growth and defense in the evolution of plant life history strategies. Evolutionary theories of plant defense are reviewed. We also extend a standard growth rate model by separating its ecological and evolutionary components, and formalizing the role of competition in the evolution of plant defense. We conclude with a conceptual model of the evolution of plant defense in which plant physiological trade-offs interact with the abiotic environment, competition and herbivory. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,PESTICIDE RES CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,E LANSING,MI 48823. RP HERMS, DA (reprint author), DOW GARDENS,1018 W MAIN ST,MIDLAND,MI 48640, USA. NR 655 TC 2012 Z9 2107 U1 106 U2 760 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0033-5770 J9 Q REV BIOL JI Q. Rev. Biol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 67 IS 3 BP 283 EP 335 DI 10.1086/417659 PG 53 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA JR525 UT WOS:A1992JR52500002 ER PT J AU JACOBSEN, OH LEIJ, FJ VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF JACOBSEN, OH LEIJ, FJ VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI LYSIMETER STUDY OF ANION TRANSPORT DURING STEADY FLOW THROUGH LAYERED COARSE-TEXTURED SOIL PROFILES SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; FIELD SOIL; WATER AB Transport of Cl and NO3 was studied during steady-state unsaturated water flow in several lysimeters filled with a coarse sand or sandy loam. Breakthrough curves were obtained with suction cups at six different depths. The transport parameters were determined by fitting the classical convection-dispersion equation to the data assuming a homogeneous or a two-layer soil profile. As expected, the two-layer solution described the data better than the solution assuming a homogeneous soil, especially for the sand where the fitted pore-water velocities were about 60% higher in the subsoil compared with the topsoil. The average dispersivity for the sandy loam was 1.9 cm for the topsoil and 1.3 cm for the subsoil, whereas a value of 0.58 cm could be used for the entire profile for the coarse sand. Solute outflow from the lysimeters was reasonably well predicted using the transport parameters estimated from breakthrough curves obtained with the suction cups. The dispersion coefficients estimated from the effluent concentrations were generally somewhat larger than those derived from suction cup data. The total concentration had little effect on the dispersion coefficient and the pore-water velocity. No significant differences were found between NO3 and Cl, although dispersivities for Cl were always slightly higher than those for NO3. C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. RP JACOBSEN, OH (reprint author), DANISH INST PLANT & SOIL SCI,FLENSBORGVEJ 22,STORE JYNDEVAD,DK-6360 TINGLEV,DENMARK. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 154 IS 3 BP 196 EP 205 DI 10.1097/00010694-199209000-00003 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JQ323 UT WOS:A1992JQ32300003 ER PT J AU SHARRATT, BS SCHWARZER, MJ CAMPBELL, GS PAPENDICK, RI AF SHARRATT, BS SCHWARZER, MJ CAMPBELL, GS PAPENDICK, RI TI RADIATION BALANCE OF RIDGE-TILLAGE WITH MODELING STRATEGIES FOR SLOPE AND ASPECT IN THE SUB-ARCTIC SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 01-06, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID SOIL AB Radiative exchange at the soil surface can be altered by the surface configuration. Tillage methods that modify the soil surface for increased radiation absorption are needed in the subarctic, where soil temperature is a limiting factor in crop adaptation and production. The radiation climate of ridge-tillage was investigated to determine the optimum ridge aspect and slope for maximizing radiation absorption on soils in the subarctic. Comparisons of net radiation (R(n)), albedo, and soil surface temperatures were made on ridge plots (6.1 by 6.1 m); with ridges oriented northeast-southwest, northwest-southeast, east-west, and north-south; and a horizontal surface during the 1988 through 1990 growing seasons at Fairbanks, AK. A radiation-balance model of ridged surfaces was developed to ascertain localized irradiance and isothermal net radiation (R(ni)) effects owing to slope and aspect of ridges. Measured R(n) differences were found at midday on clear days when R(n) was about 30 W m-2 higher on ridged than horizontal surfaces. The higher R(n) resulted from a lower albedo and lower soil surface temperatures of the ridged surfaces. Modeled irradiance on ridges used in this study agreed well with measured values. Modeled R(ni) results using four seasons of micrometeorological data suggested that southerly aspects inclined 20 to 40-degrees offered the greatest advantage in radiation absorption at Fairbanks. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP SHARRATT, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS,309 ONEILL,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1379 EP 1384 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JX042 UT WOS:A1992JX04200008 ER PT J AU ZHANG, R MYERS, DE WARRICK, AW AF ZHANG, R MYERS, DE WARRICK, AW TI ESTIMATION OF THE SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL CHEMICALS USING PSEUDO-CROSS-VARIOGRAMS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 01-06, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID LARGE LAND AREAS; WATER-CONTENT; GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS AB In using cokriging to study soil spatial variability, a key step is to determine cross-variograms. A recently developed approach was utilized to compute pseudo-cross-variograms, from which cross-variograms can be formulated. The approach does not require a large number of common locations where data are available for all variables used in the cokriging modeling and estimation processes. In this study, with only one-thirteenth of the original data for NO3 and Ca, valid cross-variograms, each with the electrical conductivity (EC), were obtained by using pseudo-cross-variograms. Based on the cross-variograms, cokriging with EC improved the estimation of NO3 and Ca significantly. Cokriging yielded a smaller mean squared error (MSE) and kriging variance, and a higher correlation between estimates and measurements. Using 20 points of NO3 and 130 points of EC, cokriging provided a similar distribution pattern for NO3 as that generated with 100 points of NO3. Cokriging with EC reduced MSE and the mean kriging variance of the estimated Ca up to 78 and 85%, respectively, compared with kriging. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT MATH,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP ZHANG, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. RI Myers, Donald/P-7511-2015 OI Myers, Donald/0000-0001-7320-4731 NR 18 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1444 EP 1452 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JX042 UT WOS:A1992JX04200019 ER PT J AU LERCH, RN BARBARICK, KA SOMMERS, LE WESTFALL, DG AF LERCH, RN BARBARICK, KA SOMMERS, LE WESTFALL, DG TI SEWAGE-SLUDGE PROTEINS AS LABILE CARBON AND NITROGEN-SOURCES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 01-06, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID POTENTIALLY MINERALIZABLE NITROGEN; AMENDED SOIL; DECOMPOSITION; INCUBATION; HISTORIES; KINETICS AB The study of specific, organic sewage sludge constituents is necessary to augment our knowledge of C and N mineralization in sludge-amended soils. A laboratory incubation study of seven sewage sludges was initiated to test the hypothesis that sewage sludge proteins are labile C and N sources. Sewage sludge proteins were extracted with H2O, 10% (v/v) Triton X-100, and 1.0 M NaOH and determined by the Lowry assay. Sewage sludges were mixed with Bresser sandy loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aridic Argiustoll) at a rate of 10 g dry sludge kg-1 dry soil and incubated at 25-degrees-C and 0.111 kg kg-1 soil water content for 12 wk to determine sludge C and N mineralization. Extractable sludge proteins were highly correlated to C mineralization (r2 = 0.94-0.96), but they were poorly correlated to N mineralization (r2 = 0.40-0.41). This supported the hypothesis that sludge proteins were a labile C source but not a labile N source. However, low molecular weight primary amines (assumed to be predominately protein degradation products) combined with the sludge C/N ratios were highly correlated to sludge N mineralization rates (r2 = 0.91). Nitrogen mineralization of sludge-amended soil followed either zero- or first-order kinetics. Kinetic models of the first-order systems showed that N mineralization was best described as the decomposition of two distinct organic-N pools. Sewage sludge proteins appear to be significant sources of labile C, and their degradation products apparently are critical N sources. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP LERCH, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740 NR 33 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1470 EP 1476 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JX042 UT WOS:A1992JX04200023 ER PT J AU HADAS, A MOLINA, JAE FEIGENBAUM, S CLAPP, CE AF HADAS, A MOLINA, JAE FEIGENBAUM, S CLAPP, CE TI FACTORS AFFECTING NITROGEN IMMOBILIZATION IN SOIL AS ESTIMATED BY SIMULATION-MODELS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 01-06, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID N-15; NCSOIL; TURNOVER; CARBON AB Factors that control immobilization of inorganic N in soils not amended with organic C-rich materials have not been fully established. Different N flow schemes for N immobilization were tested by comparing the kinetics of CO2 evolution, NH4+ -N, NO3--N, inorganic N-15, and organic N-15 excess, measured in soils incubated with 200 mg kg-1 of N-15-labeled NH4+-N, with data simulated by the computer model NCSOIL structured to representseveral pathways of C and N turnover. Estimates of those parameters most likely to induce or enhance N immobilization, namely the mineralizable soil organic matter content, its C/N ratio, and the efficiency with which C is assimilated by the soil microbial biomass were obtained by optimization. Cumulative N immobilization was up to 10% of the N added and was greater when NH4+ was added to dry soils than when added to preincubated soils. The immobilization was primarily due to the microbial biomass drawing N from the inorganic pool, rather than utilizing N directly from the decomposing soil organic matter. Nitrate formed by nitrification seemed to have also been immobilized. A microbial efficiency factor of 0.4 and a C/N ratio of 20 or more for mineralizable soil organic matter were needed to account for the observed rate of N immobilization. C1 USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP HADAS, A (reprint author), AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,INST SOILS & WATER,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. OI molina, jean-alex/0000-0002-5510-3109 NR 14 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1481 EP 1486 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JX042 UT WOS:A1992JX04200025 ER PT J AU MEISINGER, JJ BANDEL, VA ANGLE, JS OKEEFE, BE REYNOLDS, CM AF MEISINGER, JJ BANDEL, VA ANGLE, JS OKEEFE, BE REYNOLDS, CM TI PRESIDEDRESS SOIL NITRATE TEST EVALUATION IN MARYLAND SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 01-06, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; N-FERTILIZER; CORN AB Nitrate enrichment of groundwater and the Chesapeake Bay are major concerns in the Mid-Atlantic area. A soil N test could increase N use efficiency and decrease NO3 losses to the environment. This research evaluated the presidedress soil nitrate test (PSNT) for corn (Zea mays L.) in the Piedmont and Atlantic Coastal Plain regions of Maryland. Soil samples were collected to a 30-cm depth when corn was 15- to 30-cm tall from replicated N rate experiments that included seven soil types and five growing seasons. Soil NO3-N and (NO3 + NH4)-N were determined by steam distillation on PSNT evaluation plots. Corn grain yields were measured on PSNT evaluation plots and on corresponding non-N-limited plots to estimate relative yields. Experimental variables included: poultry manure (PM), dairy manure (DM), composted sludge (CS), tillage, and incorporated cover crops that gave 47 treatment-year combinations. The PSNT accurately reflected differences in corn N availability due to prior N inputs from manure, composted sludge, and cover crops. The relationship between relative yield and soil NO3-N was similar for both no-tillage and plow-tillage. Soil NO3-N concentrations > 22 mg kg-1 soil, or (NO3 + NH4)-N concentrations > 27 mg kg-1 soil, were associated with relative yields of 0.95 or higher. The variation in relative yields at soil N concentrations less than the above critical values was too large for predictive use. The relative yield vs. PSNT relationship was better with (NO3 + NH4)-N than with NO3-N alone. The PSNT successfully identified N-sufficient sites across a range of textures, drainage classes, and years. By identifying N-sufficient sites, the PSNT will help farmers conserve fertilizer N and reduce NO3-N losses to the environment. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP MEISINGER, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,W BLDG 007,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1527 EP 1532 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JX042 UT WOS:A1992JX04200034 ER PT J AU GOLDIN, A NETTLETON, WD ENGEL, RJ AF GOLDIN, A NETTLETON, WD ENGEL, RJ TI PEDOGENESIS ON OUTWASH AND GLACIAL MARINE DRIFT, NORTHWESTERN WASHINGTON SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 01-06, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID PROTO-IMOGOLITE ALLOPHANE; SOIL CLIMOSEQUENCE; PODZOL FORMATION; SPODOSOLS; DIFFERENTIATION; ALUMINUM; LOWLAND; ANDEPTS AB Spodosol, Alfisol, and Andisol classification in parts of the northwest USA is difficult because many soils have properties characteristic of more than one soil order. Four soils in the Puget Lowland of western Washington, with properties overlapping two or more orders, were studied to suggest guidelines by which similar soils may be classified and mapped. Edmonds (coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, mesic, ortstein Typic Sideraquod) and Tromp (sandy, mixed, mesic Aquic Haplorthod) soils are on glacial outwash, and Labounty (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Umbraqualf) and Whatcom (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aqualfic Haplorthod) are on glacial marine drift. All are capped by a tephra-containing loamy eolian mantle. Methods were selected to identify properties of Andisols, Spodosols, and Alfisols. The B horizons in the eolian mantle in Edmonds, Tromp, and Whatcom soils qualify morphologically as spodic horizons. These three soils then are Spodosols even though they do not qualify chemically. Spodosol morphology in the Labounty B horizon is weaker and it does not qualify chemically. In the Whatcom and Labounty soils, illuviation argillans and papules are in paleosols buried by the eolian mantle. These palesols are believed to have formed during the warm-dry period after isostatic rebound of the area from the sea and prior to deposition of the eolian mantle. Presence of an argillic horizon within 50 cm, and absence of the other horizons meeting andic or spodic criteria, places the Labounty soil as an Alfisol. In the Puget Sound area we find (i) sandy and coarse-loamy soils are more likely to have spodic horizons than are fine-loamy soils, (ii) soils in depressional areas with fine-textured underlying strata, or with buried paleosols, are less likely to have spodic horizons than soils on micro rises in similar landscapes, and (iii) more soils meet the morphological criteria for Spodosols than meet chemical criteria. C1 USDA,SCS,NATL SOIL SURVEY LAB,LINCOLN,NE 68508. UNIV W FLORIDA,DEPT EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,PENSACOLA,FL 32514. USDA,SCS,NATL SOIL CLASSIFICAT STAFF,LINCOLN,NE 68508. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1545 EP 1552 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JX042 UT WOS:A1992JX04200037 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, JH WOOD, CW THURLOW, DL RUF, ME AF EDWARDS, JH WOOD, CW THURLOW, DL RUF, ME TI TILLAGE AND CROP-ROTATION EFFECTS ON FERTILITY STATUS OF A HAPLUDULT SOIL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 01-06, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID CONVENTIONALLY TILLED CORN; NO-TILLAGE; WHEAT; NITROGEN; SYSTEMS; CARBON AB Tillage and crop rotations influence soil characteristics and may alter nutrient availability. A study was conducted at the Sand Mountain Substation, Crossville, AL, to determine the effects of 10 yr of conservation tillage and crop rotation on soil fertility. Tillage systems included no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT); crop rotations were continuous corn (Zea mays L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover (CW), continuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]-wheat for cover (SW), and corn-wheat cover-soybean-wheat cover (CWSW). Soil pH, organic matter, bulk density, and Mehlich-1 (double-acid) extractable P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu were determined on samples collected after 10 growing seasons. Tillage system did not affect soil pH; however, CW and CWSW crop rotations lowered soil pH due to applications of N fertilizers. Organic matter was increased from 10 g kg-1 in the surface 15 cm to 15.5 g kg-1 in the surface 10 cm after 10 yr of NT. This represents an increase in organic matter of 56%, while organic matter was constant under CT. Organic matter was affected by crop rotation and decreased in order of CW > CWSW > SW. Bulk density decreased under NT compared with CT. Crop rotations decreased bulk density in the order of CWSW > SW > CW. Double-acid-extractable nutrients were affected by tillage, crop rotation, and soil depth. Potassium availability was greater in the rotations CW and CWSW under CT than in the same crop sequence under NT. Rotations with a higher frequency of corn appeared to negatively affect P, Ca, and Mg availability due to lower soil pH values. Our results demonstrate that long-term soil management practices affect soil pH, organic matter, bulk density, and nutrient availability. They further show that different tillage and crop rotations may require distinctly different soil fertility management. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849. SAND MT SUBSTN,CROSSVILLE,AL 35962. RP EDWARDS, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,POB 792,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 34 TC 117 Z9 122 U1 2 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1577 EP 1582 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JX042 UT WOS:A1992JX04200042 ER PT J AU STARICKA, JA ALLMARAS, RR NELSON, WW LARSON, WE AF STARICKA, JA ALLMARAS, RR NELSON, WW LARSON, WE TI SOIL AGGREGATE LONGEVITY AS DETERMINED BY THE INCORPORATION OF CERAMIC SPHERES SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 01-06, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID WEED SEED BEHAVIOR; TEXTURED LOAM SOIL; LABORATORY EXPERIMENT; ROOT-GROWTH; CULTIVATION; STRENGTH; TILLAGE; SIZE AB Soil aggregates influence the biological environment of the tilled layer but their rate of formation and breakdown is unknown. We estimated the life expectancy of aggregates in the field from the rate at which inert tracers were incorporated into soil aggregates of a Ves loam (a fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Udic Haplustoll). Ceramic spheres (1-3-mm diam.) were surface applied before primary tillage in the fall. Ten-kilogram soil samples taken after tillage were air dired and rotary sieved into six aggregate-diameter classes. The initial tillage incorporated < 5% of the tracers into soil aggregates. Subsequent tillage incorporated more tracers into the aggregates so that, after 3 yr, 33% were incorporated with moldboard and 38% with chisel tillage. Moldboard tillage incorporated tracers into aggregates at a slower rate than chisel tillage, which is partially caused by deeper burial and thus less secondary tillage influences in moldboard tillage. Incorporation was faster into larger aggregates, supporting the hierarchical model of soil aggregation in which bond strength decreases as aggregate diameter increases. Aggregate diameter influenced incorporation rate more than tillage. The fraction of aggregates containing tracers was greater in the > 40 mm than in the 12- to 40-mm class. Initially, nearly all tracers associated with aggregates were on the aggregate surface but with time this proportion decreased, the decrease being faster in the > 40-mm class. Finally, these findings indicate that tillage-incorporated materials (fertilizers and pesticides) remain in interaggregate spaces during the first year after application, where they are most susceptible to movement and plant uptake. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,SW EXP STN,LAMBERTON,MN 56152. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP STARICKA, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1591 EP 1597 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JX042 UT WOS:A1992JX04200044 ER PT J AU UNGER, PW AF UNGER, PW TI RIDGE HEIGHT AND FURROW BLOCKING EFFECTS ON WATER-USE AND GRAIN-YIELD SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 01-06, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID TILLAGE; SORGHUM; STORAGE; WHEAT; SOIL AB Because water supplies are limited for crops in the Great Plains use of water-conserving practices is important. This study determined the influence of ridge height and furrow blocking on water conservation and use, and yields of irrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and dryland grain sorghum {Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grown in rotation. The rotation results in two crops in 3 yr with a 330 fallow between each crop. The study was conducted from 1981 to 1990 at Bushland, TX, on Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll). Ridge heights were 12 to 15 or 5 to 8 cm and fu were blocked or open. The ridge-height and furrow-blocking treatments were imposed every 3 yr before planting wheat. No-tillage used during fallow after wheat and reduced tillage was used to reform the ridges during fallow after sorghum. Water infiltration was little affected by treatments. Differences in soil water content at planting and harvest were significant in some cases, but trends were inconsistent. Total water use was not affected by ridge height, but was great with open than with blocked furrows for wheat. Although significant in some years, mean wheat and sorghum yield differences were small. On gentle (<0.5%) slopes, furrow blocking in combination with no-tillage and reduced tillage did not increase soil water storage or crop yields over those obtained with no-tillage alone. There was no indication that long-term no-tillage and reduced-tillage practices adversely affect wheat and grain sorghum production. RP UNGER, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1609 EP 1614 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JX042 UT WOS:A1992JX04200047 ER PT J AU BRUCE, RR LANGDALE, GW WEST, LT MILLER, WP AF BRUCE, RR LANGDALE, GW WEST, LT MILLER, WP TI SOIL SURFACE MODIFICATION BY BIOMASS INPUTS AFFECTING RAINFALL INFILTRATION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 01-06, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER AB The quantity, kind, and method of applying organic materials to the soil in crop culture are known to have a major effect on surface characteristics. To determine the effectiveness of selected crop biomass inputs on soil surface characteristics that significantly impact rainfall infiltration, sites on slightly, moderately, and severely eroded classes of Cecil-Pacolet soils (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) were selected. On each class of erosion, soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] were each planted into a disk-harrowed seedbed following winter fallow in each of 5 yr. Grain sorghum was also no-till-planted into a crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) cover crop. Each summer crop was grown both under irrigation and natural rainfall. The average water stability of aggregates in the 0- to 15-mm layer of the no-till-planted grain sorghum into clover was 53 and 44% greater than the tilled plantings of grain sorghum and soybean, respectively. Only at > 0.8 kg kg-1 aggregate stability was correlated with soil C content. In contrast, regressions of water-stable soil aggregates on the natural log of cumulative stover after 5 yr of treatment yielded r2 values of 0.81 to 0.99. Soil-incorporated soybean stover was distinctly least effective in developing water-stable soil aggregates in the surface 1.5 cm. The effect of increased soil surface aggregate stability was reflected in a soil water pressure greater than -0.1 MPa in the surface 0.5 m for a significantly greater fraction of the summer growing season and in increased infiltration. The infiltration mte after residue removal was 100% greater on the grain sorghum no-till planted into clover than grain sorghum planted into a tilled seedbed. The soil modifications that produced a very significant change in rate of infiltration were obtained in 4 or 5 yr by a no-till culture that provides about 12 Mg ha-1 yr-1 of decomposing crop residue on the soil surface. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP BRUCE, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,POB 555,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677, USA. NR 17 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1614 EP 1620 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JX042 UT WOS:A1992JX04200048 ER PT J AU KLEMMEDSON, JO WIENHOLD, BJ AF KLEMMEDSON, JO WIENHOLD, BJ TI NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN SOILS OF A CHAPARRAL WATERSHED IN ARIZONA SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Note CT 56TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 01-06, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID FIRE; NITRIFICATION; AVAILABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; POTENTIALS; FOREST AB This study was undertaken to extend our knowledge of nutrient availability in soils of the Arizona chaparral. Our objective was to determine the effect of shrub species and topographic aspect on N mineralization of soils from a watershed in central Arizona and to relate N mineralization to other soil properties. Soil for an incubation study was collected from the 0- to 2- and 2- to 10-cm soil layers beneath the canopy of 32 randomly selected shrubs, eight each of birchleaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt. ex. Torr. & A. Gray) and shrub live oak (Quercus turbinella Greene) from both north and south aspects. Neither cumulative N mineralization (N(m)) nor potentially mineralizable N (N(o)) was influenced by shrub species or aspect. Aspect significantly influenced NH4 released in the 2- to 10-cm layer, with greater amounts released in soils from north and south aspects. Both N(m) and N(o) were markedly higher in the 0- to 2-cm soil layer than in the 2- to 10-cm layer, NO3 was the dominant form of mineralized N. Nitrogen-mineralized in both soil layers correlated highly with soil C, N, P, and N/P and C/P ratios. Phosphorus supply (P(av)) differed markedly between the two soil layers (3.8 and 0.7% of total P, respectively) and was related to N(m). Tle association of P(av), with N, however, leaves the real effect of P(av) on N(m) in doubt. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KLEMMEDSON, JO (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,SCH RENEWABLE NAT RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1629 EP 1634 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JX042 UT WOS:A1992JX04200051 ER PT J AU HALVORSON, AD HAVLIN, JL AF HALVORSON, AD HAVLIN, JL TI NO-TILL WINTER-WHEAT RESPONSE TO PHOSPHORUS PLACEMENT AND RATE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOIL SCIENCE SOC OF AMERICA CY NOV 01-06, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID FERTILIZER; YIELD; BROADCAST; NITROGEN; TISSUE AB Phosphorus deficiency of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is common in the central Great Plains. Acceptance of reduced and no-till systems for wheat production has made soil incorporation of broadcast P fertilizer more difficult. This field study evaluated the effectiveness of P placement methods (surface broadcast with and without incorporation and banded below the seed zone) for no-till winter wheat production at rates of 0, 34, 67, 101, and 134 kg P ha-1 in 1986 and 1987. Subplots of 0 and 56 kg N ha-1 were included with each P rate. A Rosebud-Escabosa loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aridic Argiustoll-Calciustoll) with a NaHCO3-extractable P level of 10 mg P kg-1 soil (medium soil test level) and a pH of 7.8 was used. Phosphorus placement had no significant effect on grain yield. Grain yields increased curvilinearly with increasing P rate up to 101 kg P ha-1 for both broadcast and banded treatments. Straw yields also increased curvilinearly with increasing P rate. Nitrogen fertilization enhanced grain protein by 6% and also grain P uptake. Total P uptake by grain increased with increasing rate of P application. Broadcast applications of P without incorporation under no-till conditions effectively incased winter wheat yields on a soil testing medium in available P. When sufficient P was applied to correct P deficiency in winter wheat, method of placement had little effect. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP HALVORSON, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 400,AKRON,CO 80720, USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1635 EP 1639 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JX042 UT WOS:A1992JX04200052 ER PT J AU NEARING, MA BRADFORD, JM PARKER, SC AF NEARING, MA BRADFORD, JM PARKER, SC TI SOIL DETACHMENT BY SHALLOW FLOW AT LOW SLOPES - REPLY SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Note RP NEARING, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1656 EP 1656 PG 1 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JX042 UT WOS:A1992JX04200056 ER PT J AU LEHRSCH, GA SOJKA, RE CARTER, DL JOLLEY, PM AF LEHRSCH, GA SOJKA, RE CARTER, DL JOLLEY, PM TI FREEZING EFFECTS ON AGGREGATE STABILITY AFFECTED BY TEXTURE, MINERALOGY, AND ORGANIC-MATTER - REPLY SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Note RP LEHRSCH, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1659 EP 1659 PG 1 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JX042 UT WOS:A1992JX04200060 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, JH AF TAYLOR, JH TI REDUCTION OF TRAFFIC-INDUCED SOIL COMPACTION - SPECIAL ISSUE SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material RP TAYLOR, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 1 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 24 IS 4 BP 301 EP 302 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(92)90115-R PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA JU922 UT WOS:A1992JU92200001 ER PT J AU HENDRICKS, DE AF HENDRICKS, DE TI THE ROLE OF VELVETLEAF GROWING IN OR NEAR COTTON FIELDS AS A HOST FOR TOBACCO BUDWORMS AND BOLLWORMS IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER DELTA SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medikus, adequately sustained the progeny of bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), moths that emerged from local overwintered pupae or immigrated into the area in the early spring. Velvetleaf also supported major peaks of eggs of both species during the cotton-growing season and substantial tobacco budworm larval populations from late September to November that could be a major source of pupae overwintering near cotton fields. Blooms and buds of this weed provided attractive feeding and oviposition sites for females of both species from about 30 days before to 40 days after peak blooming of cotton. Velvetleaf plants were host to about 18 times the number of tobacco budworm eggs and 28 times the number of bollworm eggs found on cotton during the cotton growing season from 29 May to 5 October 1991. Sex ratios determined from eggs and larvae collected from velvetleaf and cotton were about 1:1 for both species. RP HENDRICKS, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 17 IS 3 BP 199 EP 207 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JT051 UT WOS:A1992JT05100001 ER PT J AU SODERSTROM, EL BRANDL, DG AF SODERSTROM, EL BRANDL, DG TI FULLER ROSE BEETLE EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT AND OBSERVATIONS ON OVIPOSITION SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; CITRUS; TEMPERATURE; EGG AB Eggs weigh an average of 95mug and are 0.85mm in length by 0.46mm in diameter and are secured to the substrate with an adhesive that becomes relatively water insoluble 1 h after deposition. Egg development at 27-degrees-C was first observed on day two, having mitotic cells visible. on day three, the germ band migrates into the yolk and the germ band elongates then shortens during the next three days. By the seventh day, the cerebrum is visible and ganglia appear segmented by day eight. Longitudinal rotation of the embryo occurs on day nine and ten. Mandibles and eyes become visible on day twelve and thirteen with mandible sclerotization on day fifteen. Larval emergence starts on the seventeenth day. RP SODERSTROM, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,COMMOD PROTECT & QUARANTINE INSECT RES UNIT,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 17 IS 3 BP 215 EP 221 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JT051 UT WOS:A1992JT05100003 ER PT J AU MICHELS, GJ FLANDERS, RV AF MICHELS, GJ FLANDERS, RV TI LARVAL DEVELOPMENT, APHID CONSUMPTION AND OVIPOSITION FOR 5 IMPORTED COCCINELLIDS AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURE ON RUSSIAN WHEAT APHIDS AND GREENBUGS SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID HOMOPTERA AB The effects of two aphid prey species on larval development, aphid consumption, and oviposition for eleven exotic species or strains of imported coccinellid beetles were studied at 20-degrees-C constant temperature. Complete development was observed with all species and strains regardless of the prey species. The predator species with the most rapid. larval development and greatest daily consumption of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), were Coccinella septempunctata L at 13.8 days and 43.1 aphids per day; a Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) strain from Chile at 11.6 days and 28.7 aphids; and a Propyleae quatuordecimpunctata (L) strain from the Ukraine at 10.1 days and 25.6 aphids. When greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were utilized as a prey species, the most efficacous predator species were Hippodamia tredecimpunctata (L) strains from Kirghizia at 12.6 days and 26.3 aphids and Moldavia at 12.0 days and 25.8 aphids, a strain of H. variegata from Moldavia at 12.9 days and 31.9 aphids, and a Moldavian strain of P. quatuordecimpunctata at 10.4 days and 21.1 aphids. Oviposition rates were not consistent with regard to prey. Most species produced greater numbers of eggs when fed greenbugs, but a greater percent of eggs eclosed when the parent female was fed Russian wheat aphids. C1 USDA,NATL BIOL CONTROL LAB,APHIS,PPQ,NILES,MI 49120. RP MICHELS, GJ (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,CTR RES & EXTENS,AMARILLO,TX 79106, USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 17 IS 3 BP 233 EP 243 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JT051 UT WOS:A1992JT05100005 ER PT J AU CIOMPERLIK, MA CHANDLER, JM DELOACH, CJ AF CIOMPERLIK, MA CHANDLER, JM DELOACH, CJ TI PREDATION BY RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT ON TYTA-LUCTUOSA, RELEASED FOR CONTROL OF FIELD BINDWEED SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Note ID HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE C1 USDA ARS,TEMPLE,TX 76502. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP CIOMPERLIK, MA (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 17 IS 3 BP 267 EP 269 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JT051 UT WOS:A1992JT05100010 ER PT J AU SHOGREN, RL SWANSON, CL THOMPSON, AR AF SHOGREN, RL SWANSON, CL THOMPSON, AR TI EXTRUDATES OF CORNSTARCH WITH UREA AND GLYCOLS - STRUCTURE MECHANICAL PROPERTY RELATIONS SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION; STARCH; POLYMERS; WATER AB Urea, various glycols and mixtures of these were tested as plasticizers for gelatinized cornstarch. Mixtures of cornstarch, urea and/or triethylene glycol, glycerol or propylene glycol were extruded into ribbons. Mechanical and structural properties of the ribbons were evaluated by tensile testing, DSC and NMR. Flexible ribbons were obtained only when enough urea or glycol was present to lower the glass transition temperature of the starch near or below room temperature. Ribbons containing high levels of urea were rather stiff, reflecting the low mobility of urea. Ribbons containing high levels of glycol were, in contrast, soft and weak. Samples extruded with mixtures of urea and glycols exhibited enhanced elongations at break. All samples became brittle at very low humidities and soft at high humidities. RP SHOGREN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 20 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 8 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD SEP PY 1992 VL 44 IS 9 BP 335 EP 338 DI 10.1002/star.19920440905 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA JR124 UT WOS:A1992JR12400004 ER PT J AU MEGUID, MM LUKASKI, HC TRIPP, MD ROSENBURG, JM PARKER, FB AF MEGUID, MM LUKASKI, HC TRIPP, MD ROSENBURG, JM PARKER, FB TI RAPID BEDSIDE METHOD TO ASSESS CHANGES IN POSTOPERATIVE FLUID STATUS WITH BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS SO SURGERY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-BODY COMPOSITION; WATER; MASS; VALIDATION AB Background. Estimates of daily postoperative fluid balance usually rely on properly recorded inputs, outputs, and daily weights or clinical signs. These may be imprecise (when poorly done) and are often considered tedious to perform. Methods. We used bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) to assess changes in body water shifts in cardiac patients after surgery. Nine consecutively admitted patients undergoing coronary artery bypass (seven men and two women; age range, 43 to 67 years) were studied. Body weight, fluid intake and output, and BIA variables (resistance and reactance) were measured daily. Relationships between body weight and changes in resistance and reactance and net change in fluid balance (in liters per day) were evaluated statistically by regression analysis. Results. Mean body weights changed significantly, reflecting early operative fluid accumulation and later postoperative diuresis; net fluid balance correlated poorly (r = 0.48; p < 0.05) with body weight, whereas both resistance (r = -0.82; p < 0.001) and reactance (r = -0.92; p < 0.0001) correlated highly with net fluid balance. Conclusions. BIA is useful as an accurate, rapid bedside method for assessing changes in hydration status sequentially after surgery in cardiac patients with complicated fluid shifts. C1 USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. RP MEGUID, MM (reprint author), SUNY HOSP,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT SURG,SURG METAB & NUTR LAB,750 E ADAMS ST,SYRACUSE,NY 13210, USA. FU NIADDK NIH HHS [AM36275] NR 27 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0039-6060 J9 SURGERY JI Surgery PD SEP PY 1992 VL 112 IS 3 BP 502 EP 508 PG 7 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA JL180 UT WOS:A1992JL18000004 PM 1519165 ER PT J AU HOSAKA, K SPOONER, DM AF HOSAKA, K SPOONER, DM TI RFLP ANALYSIS OF THE WILD POTATO SPECIES, SOLANUM-ACAULE BITTER (SOLANUM SECT PETOTA) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM-ACAULE; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; RFLP; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; POTATO ID LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS RFLPS; EVOLUTION; HYBRIDIZATION; ARGENTINA; BRASSICA; PROVINCE; BALANCE; JUJUY; DNA AB Intraspecific variation of a wild potato species, Solanum acaule Bitt., was analyzed by RFLPs of genomic DNA. One hundred and five accessions were selected throughout the distribution area, including all subspecies, i.e., ssp. albicans (hexaploid), ssp. punae (tetraploid), ssp. acaule (tetraploid) and ssp. aemulans (tetraploid). Twenty-seven low-copy DNA clones (probes) were Southern hybridized with EcoRI, EcoRV, HindIII, and XbaI digests of total DNA of all accessions. In total, 238 RFLPs were detected from 94 enzyme x probe combinations. Among them, 49 RFLPs were specific to ssp. albicans, suggesting that the additional third genome is distinct from its two other genomes. RFLPs between and within subspecies were analyzed by principal component analysis. DNA similarities between subspecies coincided with a former taxonomic treatment in the sense that ssp. albicans is the most distantly related to ssp. acaule and ssp. aemulans is distantly related. Subspecies acaule and ssp. punae were indistinguishable. In addition, RFLPs could be used to distinguish groups within subspecies. Subspecies aemulans, confined to Argentina, was divided into two populations, one from the province of La Rioja and the other from the province of Jujuy. In ssp. acaule, some accessions from the southernmost distribution area were clearly distinguishable, while the others varied continuously, showing a geographical cline from Peru to Argentina. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP HOSAKA, K (reprint author), KOBE UNIV,EXPTL FARM,1348 UZURANO,KASAI,HYOGO 67521,JAPAN. NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 84 IS 7-8 BP 851 EP 858 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA JT300 UT WOS:A1992JT30000014 PM 24201486 ER PT J AU ROCHEFORD, TR KENNELL, JC PRING, DR AF ROCHEFORD, TR KENNELL, JC PRING, DR TI GENETIC-ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR CONTROL OF T-URF13/ORF221 TRANSCRIPTION IN T-CYTOPLASM MAIZE SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE NUCLEAR; MITOCHONDRIAL INTERACTIONS; CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY; MAIZE; MITOCHONDRIAL GENE TRANSCRIPTION ID MALE-STERILE CYTOPLASM; MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEIN; CONFERS SENSITIVITY; MALE-FERTILITY; READING FRAME; TRANSCRIPTION; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; INITIATION; REVERSION AB The mitochondrial gene T-urf13 in T cytoplasm maize is associated with sensitivity to disease toxins and with cytoplasmic male sterility. T-urf13 is co-transcribed with an open reading frame designated orf221. We have detected alterations in the transcription of the T-urf13/orf221 region that are affected by nuclear genotype. There are multiple mRNA transcripts generated from the T-urf13/orf221 region, one of which is a processed 1538-nucleotide (nt) transcript. This 1538-nt transcript is present in Wf9 (T), but was not found in mitochondrial RNAs (mtRNAs) from maize inbreds B14A M and 33-16 (T). For B14A (T) a 1500-nt transcript was detected and for 33-16 (T) a 1400-nt transcript was detected. In F1 progeny of the cross of Wf9 (T) x 33-16 (N), only the 1400-nt transcript was present. Genetic analyses revealed this processing event is nuclear controlled with dominant gene action and is independent of nuclear restorer gene Rf1-associated processing events. T-urf13/orf221 transcriptional patterns were shown to vary in both sterile and fertile states. Segregation analysis of a 1100-nt orf221-specific transcript indicated that the genetic basis of nuclear control for the presence of this transcript was relatively simple. Analysis of the A188 (T4) tissue culture mutant, which has reverted to male fertility but displays the same T-urf13/orf221 transcript pattern as A188 M, indicated no DNA sequence differences between T4-orf221 and T-orf221. Presence of the nuclear gene Rf2 was not necessary for expression of the T4 cytoplasm-associated male-fertile phenotype. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 84 IS 7-8 BP 891 EP 898 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA JT300 UT WOS:A1992JT30000019 PM 24201491 ER PT J AU NIELSEN, JL AF NIELSEN, JL TI MICROHABITAT-SPECIFIC FORAGING BEHAVIOR, DIET, AND GROWTH OF JUVENILE COHO SALMON SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FEEDING-TERRITORY SIZE; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; BROOK CHARR; ATLANTIC SALMON; CUTTHROAT TROUT; FOOD ABUNDANCE; STREAM; HABITAT; FISHES AB Observations of behavior were made on marked juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in pools in Huckleberry Creek, Washington. Fish exhibited two distinct types of forage behavior during observations made from May to August 1988 and from June to August 1989. Some coho salmon formed dominance hierarchies wherein fish defended forage stations in ranks determined by an individual's ability or willingness to defend access to drifting food. Other coho salmon foraged as nonhierarchical floaters. Eight percent of marked individuals changed their foraging behavior class during their first summer. Focal point velocity (FPV) differentiated specific microhabitats used by these two foraging behavior classes. Coho salmon in dominance hierarchies (FPV > 0.06 m/s) fed most frequently on drifting invertebrates, which contributed 81% of their energy intake. Floaters (FPV less-than-or-equal-to 0.06 m/s) fed by patrolling large forage arenas, where they fed opportunistically on items delivered by aerial drop and instream drift. Energy contribution from large aerially delivered food items represented 69% of floaters' total energy intake. Dominant fish in the hierarchy grew faster than subdominants and subdominants grew faster than floaters. Growth rates in specific microhabitats were directly related to relative food availabilities in the different foraging behavior classes. RP NIELSEN, JL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,1700 BAYVIEW DR,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 60 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 121 IS 5 BP 617 EP 634 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1992)121<0617:MFBDAG>2.3.CO;2 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KN447 UT WOS:A1992KN44700006 ER PT J AU ERBACH, DC BENJAMIN, JG CRUSE, RM ELAMIN, MA MUKHTAR, S CHOI, CH AF ERBACH, DC BENJAMIN, JG CRUSE, RM ELAMIN, MA MUKHTAR, S CHOI, CH TI SOIL AND CORN RESPONSE TO TILLAGE WITH PARAPLOW SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TILLAGE; PLOWS; CORN; YIELDS ID RESIDUE AB Corn (Zea mays L.) grown following com, on poorly drained, fine-textured soils, with no-till tends to yield less than with other tillage systems. Surface residues conserved with no-till reduce erosion, thus, techniques must be found to avoid yield reductions. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate use of the Paraplow (Howard Rotovator Co., Inc.), a tillage tool that loosens soil without inversion, for continuous com production. No-till, chisel plow, moldboard plow, and Paraplow systems were evaluated on three poorly drained, medium- and fine-textured soils in Iowa. All tillage tools reduced bulk density and penetration resistance to the depth of tillage. However, after planting only the soil tilled with the Paraplow remained less dense. Plant residue cover had more effect on corn growth than did soil loosening. Emergence and yield of com were inversely related to amount of residue on soil surface after planting. C1 AGR RES CORP, WAD MADANI, SUDAN. USDA, SOIL CONSERVAT SERV, CENTERVILLE, IA USA. SUNGKYUNKWAN UNIV, DEPT AGR MACHINERY ENGN, SUWON, SOUTH KOREA. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT AGRON, AMES, IA 50011 USA. RP ERBACH, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL SOIL TILTH LAB, AMES, IA 50010 USA. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1347 EP 1354 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400001 ER PT J AU BAKER, RV BRASHEARS, AD LALOR, WF AF BAKER, RV BRASHEARS, AD LALOR, WF TI INFLUENCE OF LINT CLEANING ON FINE TRASH LEVELS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE COTTON; LINT CLEANERS ID COTTON AB Two experiments were conducted to investigate whether saw-type lint cleaners create more fine trash in the lint than they remove. Results indicated that the lint cleaner was reasonably efficient in reducing trash levels for all size ranges investigated. The amount of cleaning accomplished, however, depended on trash particle size. The lint cleaner removed about one-half of the particles smaller than 0.25 mm (equivalent diameter) and virtually all of the particles larger than 4 mm in diameter. While these results tended to exonerate the saw-type lint cleaner of charges of creating fine trash, there was some indication that the saw gin stand increased the amount of small and medium size trash in the lint. C1 COTTON INC,RALEIGH,NC. RP BAKER, RV (reprint author), USDA ARS,COTTON PROD & PROC RES UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1355 EP 1359 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400002 ER PT J AU ALMEKINDERS, H OZKAN, HE REICHARD, DL CARPENTER, TG BRAZEE, RD AF ALMEKINDERS, H OZKAN, HE REICHARD, DL CARPENTER, TG BRAZEE, RD TI SPRAY DEPOSIT PATTERNS OF AN ELECTROSTATIC ATOMIZER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SPRAYERS; DEPOSITION; ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYERS AB The deposit patterns of spray droplets, relying primarily on electrostatic and gravitational forces for transportation and subsequent deposition, were investigated. Deposit distributions of charged sprays were measured in a wind tunnel and on artificial plants. The results indicate electrostatic forces can be used to improve the deposit efficiency of spray droplets but an additional force is required to improve canopy penetration and reduce drift susceptibility of airborne charged droplets. C1 USDA ARS,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,OARDC,WOOSTER,OH. RP ALMEKINDERS, H (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1361 EP 1367 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400003 ER PT J AU WOMAC, AR MULROONEY, JE SCOTT, WP AF WOMAC, AR MULROONEY, JE SCOTT, WP TI CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR-ASSISTED AND DROP-NOZZLE SPRAYS IN COTTON SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS; AIRBLAST SPRAYER; AIR CARRIER; DEFOLIATION; INSECTICIDES; SPRAY DEPOSITION AB The effects of air-assisted, drop-nozzle, and over-the-top spray applications were characterized with a wide array of targets and chemicals in mature cotton foliage. Spray rates of 47 and 94 L/ha were applied at droplet volume median diameters (D(v.5)) ranging from 114 to 192 mum. Increased spray rate predominantly increased deposition and chemical efficiency under most conditions. Sprays assisted with air (velocities up to 16 m/s) increased fluorescent tracer deposits on the canopy middle up to 92% of that from the canopy top, and resulted in a significant increase in bifenthrin on leaves and squares located within the canopy. Use of an upward-trajectory thiodicarb spray from drop-nozzle applications tended to control beet armyworm (Spodoptera exiqua [Hubner]) on the leaf underside more efficiently than the other application methods. Orienting the air-assisted sprayer air stream 30-degrees back tended to increase deposits on the leaf underside. Use of air-assisted applications at 47 and 94 L/ha and an over-the-top application at 94 L/ha for a butifos and ethephon spray mixture provided the highest mean defoliation ratings that ranged from 68.1 to 78.4%. C1 USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP WOMAC, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1369 EP 1376 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400004 ER PT J AU BARKER, GL AF BARKER, GL TI TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON LINT COTTON EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE-CONTENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE COTTON; PROCESSING; MOISTURE AB Equilibrium moisture contents for raw cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) lint were obtained for four temperature ranges (7-80-degrees-C, 25-280-degrees-C, 34-380-degrees-C, and 49-520-degrees-C) using small fluffy samples (500 mg) of cotton lint exposed to a moving air stream (flow rate of 0.0003 m3/s) with different temperatures and humidities. The data are consistent with findings in the literature and show that the equilibrium moisture content for raw cotton lint absorption is consistently higher than the data reported for soda-boiled lint. As temperature increases, the equilibrium moisture content of the lint decreases for constant values of relative humidity up to 85%. For temperatures greater than 47-degrees-C and relative humidities above 85%, the moisture content increased with increasing temperature. Desorption equilibrium data is presented for raw cotton lint in the 34-380 and 47-52-degrees-C ranges, showing that hysteresis does exist for raw cotton lint. RP BARKER, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST LAB,COTTON PROD & PROC RES UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX, USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1377 EP 1380 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400005 ER PT J AU FOX, RD BRAZEE, RD SVENSSON, SA REICHARD, DL AF FOX, RD BRAZEE, RD SVENSSON, SA REICHARD, DL TI AIR-JET VELOCITIES FROM A CROSS-FLOW FAN SPRAYER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SPRAYERS; VELOCITY; CROSS-FLOW FANS; MODELING AB Transverse profiles of air velocity were measured along the jet centerlines at 0.05 to 6 m (0.16 to 20 ft) from the outlet of a two-unit, cross-flow fan orchard sprayer. Velocity profiles were obtained for fan speeds of 1080 and 1476 rpm and with the upper fan both vertical and inclined downward 20-degrees from vertical. Observed maximum velocities along the lower jet centerline agreed with those predicted by a plane jet model. Outlet air velocity at 1476 rpm was about 1.6 times the velocity at 1080 rpm. For an inclined upper fan, air velocities at the lower elevation increased 10% at 3 m (9.8 ft) from the outlet. When the upper fan was inclined 20-degrees, the interaction of the two jets appeared to form a persistent flow field in which velocities alternately increased and decreased over the range from 0.15 to 1 m (0.49 to 3.3 ft) from the outlet. The inclined upper jet apparently deflected the top of the lower jet toward the ground, which may tend to keep spray-droplets near the ground and thereby reduce drift loss from spray operations. C1 SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DIV PK & HORT ENGN,ALNARP,SWEDEN. USDA ARS,WOOSTER,OH. RP FOX, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1381 EP 1382 PG 2 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400006 ER PT J AU KIRK, IW BOUSE, LF CARLTON, JB FRANZ, E STERMER, RA AF KIRK, IW BOUSE, LF CARLTON, JB FRANZ, E STERMER, RA TI AERIAL SPRAY DEPOSITION IN COTTON SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE AERIAL SPRAYS; AIRCRAFT; APPLICATORS; COTTON; DROPLETS; SPRAY AB The effect of aerial application parameters on the deposition of water-based sprays on mid-season cotton canopies was evaluated in three field studies. Fluorescent dye tracer spray deposits were measured on cotton leaves and three different types of artificial samplers at the top and midway down in the plant canopy, and on ground-cover sheets between the cotton rows. Over 400 samples collected over three years provided sufficient data to determine the relationship of spray mixture rate, droplet size, droplet density, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed to active spray ingredient deposition on the crop canopy. These studies show that droplet spectra and spray rate can be modified or adjusted by the applicator to improve spray deposition and distribution in broadleaf row crop canopies. Environmental factors shown to adversely influence deposition may be avoided by spray applicators to maintain deposition efficiency. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP KIRK, IW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,AERIAL APPLICAT RES UNIT,COLL STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1393 EP 1399 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400008 ER PT J AU REICHARD, DL ZHU, H FOX, RD BRAZEE, RD AF REICHARD, DL ZHU, H FOX, RD BRAZEE, RD TI COMPUTER-SIMULATION OF VARIABLES THAT INFLUENCE SPRAY DRIFT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SPRAYERS; PESTICIDES; DRIFT; COMPUTER SIMULATION ID SIZE; DOWNWIND; DROPS AB A computer program was used to determine the effects of several variables on drift distances of spray droplets. Variables were initial droplet size, velocity and height of discharge, wind velocity, turbulence intensity and relative humidity, and volatility of the liquid. For relative humidity and wind velocity ranges of 20-80% and 0.5-4.0 m/s, all water droplets 50 mum diameter and smaller that were directed downward with initial velocity of 20 m/s either completely evaporated or drifted farther than 6 m before depositing 0.5 m below point of discharge. With 20 m/s initial droplet velocity, 2.0 m/s wind velocity (20% turbulence intensity) and 60% relative humidity, 100 and 200 mum diameter droplets deposited at mean distances from point of discharge of 2.6 and 0.13 m respectively. Drift distances of water droplets as large as 200 mum diameter were influenced by initial droplet velocity and height of discharge. Experimental data verified the accuracy of the computer program in predicting drift distances of water droplets. RP REICHARD, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,OARDC,WOOSTER,OH, USA. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1401 EP 1407 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400009 ER PT J AU WANJURA, DF UPCHURCH, DR MAHAN, JR AF WANJURA, DF UPCHURCH, DR MAHAN, JR TI AUTOMATED IRRIGATION BASED ON THRESHOLD CANOPY TEMPERATURE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE DRIP IRRIGATION; AUTOMATION; CANOPY TEMPERATURE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ID COTTON; SIMULATION AB An automated drip irrigation system was controlled by continuously measuring cotton canopy temperature and computing 15-minute averages in a three-year field study between 1988-1990. Irrigation was applied only when average canopy temperature exceeded predetermined threshold values. Threshold temperatures were tested in 2-degrees-C increments between 26-degrees-C and 32-degrees-C. The length of irrigation cycles was shortest and amount per irrigation event was highest for all threshold temperatures during the early growth stage because canopies were small and warm bare soil contributed to measured canopy temperature. The ratio of water use to reference evapotranspiration decreased as threshold canopy temperature increased from 26-degrees-C to 32-degrees-C, but water use efficiency increased. Average canopy temperature during the period DOY 198 to 273, while net radiation exceeded 300 W m-2 and air temperature at 2 m exceeded 28-degrees-C, increased as threshold canopy temperature increased. Lint yield was highest for the 28-degrees-C threshold temperature and decreased for higher or lower threshold temperatures. Threshold temperatures greater-than-or-equal-to 28-degrees-C restricted water application and created increasing levels of water stress. The 28-degrees-C threshold should provide maximum lint yield where water supply and season length do not limit production. Under limited production conditions a 30-degrees-C threshold may be preferable to a 28-degrees-C threshold because lint yield is only slightly reduced but water use efficiency is higher and cotton matures more rapidly. Maximum yields were produced by 28-degrees-C and 30-degrees-C threshold canopy temperatures in which total seasonal water use ranged between 64 and 84 cm. RP WANJURA, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1411 EP 1417 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400010 ER PT J AU PIERSON, FB FLERCHINGER, GN WIGHT, JR AF PIERSON, FB FLERCHINGER, GN WIGHT, JR TI SIMULATING NEAR-SURFACE SOIL-TEMPERATURE AND WATER ON SAGEBRUSH RANGELANDS - A COMPARISON OF MODELS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL; TEMPERATURE; MOISTURE; MANAGEMENT; MODELING ID ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; SIMULTANEOUS HEAT; WYOMINGENSIS; SYSTEM AB The objective of this study was to determine if uncalibrated soil water and temperature models, varying in complexity and data requirements, could simulate spatial and temporal variations in near-surface soil microclimatic conditions. The SWRRB, Opus, and SHAW models were compared on their ability to address small scale spatial and temporal variations in near-surface (0-5 cm) soil microclimatic conditions on rangelands. The models were used to simulate soil temperature and water at various depths at two locations: One under a sagebrush plant and the other in the interspace between plants within a sagebrush-grass plant community. Uncalibrated simulations were run for one year where the models all performed well at simulating annual sinusoidal patterns in soil temperature at the 1-cm depth under sagebrush and interspace locations. The models performed best during the fall and spring and poorest during the winter. SHAW simulated both the spatial variability between and the day-to-day temporal variations within each location more accurately than did the other two models. All three models had difficulties simulating soil water at the 1-cm depth throughout the year. SHAW and Opus performed quite well at simulating soil water at the 30-cm depth under sagebrush, but SHAW performed better in the interspace at the same depth. RP PIERSON, FB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,BOISE,ID, USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1449 EP 1455 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400014 ER PT J AU DUKE, HR HEERMANN, DF DAWSON, LJ AF DUKE, HR HEERMANN, DF DAWSON, LJ TI APPROPRIATE DEPTHS OF APPLICATION FOR SCHEDULING CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATIONS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE IRRIGATION; CENTER PIVOT; COEFFICIENT OF UNIFORMITY; LEACHING ID UNIFORMITY; EFFICIENCY AB The center pivot irrigator is faced with a problem of determining the appropriate depth of water application to use for management purposes to minimize both yield loss and water quality degradation. The current study builds on the work of Peri, Hart, and Norum (1979), using the normal distribution of application depth and linear yield and economic functions to calculate the appropriate depth of application with known uniformity and user specified economic conditions. A method is also presented to determine the potential savings from improving the uniformity. The optimum applied depth for 60 pivots tested varies from less than 10% to almost twice the mean depth, depending on the system uniformity and the economic and environmental scenario. C1 USDA,SCS,WRTC,PORTLAND,OR. RP DUKE, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1457 EP 1464 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400015 ER PT J AU HEERMANN, DF DUKE, HR SERAFIM, AM DAWSON, LJ AF HEERMANN, DF DUKE, HR SERAFIM, AM DAWSON, LJ TI DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTIONS TO REPRESENT CENTER-PIVOT WATER DISTRIBUTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE IRRIGATION; UNIFORMITY ID IRRIGATION AB The manufacturers of center-pivot systems widely use the Christiansen Uniformity coefficient to compare the irrigation uniformities. This single coefficient compares systems but does not provide a functional relationship of the variation of applied depths. The analysis of deficit and excess irrigation amounts requires a distribution function. Field catch can tests of center-pivot systems are used to estimate distribution functions. The four distribution functions investigated were normal, lognormal, uniform, and specialized power. It is concluded that the normal function is the best of the four functions to characterize the distribution of center-pivot systems. The volume of water applied in deficit of and excess to crop requirements is estimated with the normal distribution function. C1 Univ Tecn Lisboa, EGR, ISA, LISBON, PORTUGAL. USDA, SCS, WRTC, PORTLAND, OR USA. RP USDA ARS, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA. NR 9 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1465 EP 1472 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400016 ER PT J AU BURROUGHS, ER LUCE, CH PHILLIPS, F AF BURROUGHS, ER LUCE, CH PHILLIPS, F TI ESTIMATING INTERRILL ERODIBILITY OF FOREST SOILS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SEDIMENT YIELD; RAINFALL SIMULATION; EROSION; CALIFORNIA AB A method to develop erodibility prediction equations was developed and tested using published data. Published sediment yield data for 21 California forest soils developed using laboratory plots subjected to simulated rainfall were used to develop an equation that explains 90% of the variation in sediment yield from the plots. The predicted sediment yield values can be considered an index of relative interill erodibility because only soil type varied among the plots. Sediment yield was a function primarily of soil texture for soils with less than 50% Si+Cl content. Beyond 50% Si+Cl content, the erodibility of the soil related more to the type of clay: kaolin or smectite. The hypothesis proposed to explain the shape of the curve is based on aggregate strength under rainfall. A second hypothesis that increased silt and clay increases the degree of aggregation of the soil as a whole is rejected. Soils with a relatively high smectite clay content had reduced aggregate strength and higher sediment yield when exposed to rainfall than soils with a relatively high kaolin clay content. The relationship of texture and clay mineral content to erodibility should be general and applicable to other soils. C1 THOMAS DEAN & HOSKINS CO,KALISPELL,MT. RP BURROUGHS, ER (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1489 EP 1495 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400019 ER PT J AU MCGREGOR, KC MUTCHLER, CK CULLUM, RF AF MCGREGOR, KC MUTCHLER, CK CULLUM, RF TI SOIL-EROSION EFFECTS ON SOYBEAN YIELDS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE EROSION; SOIL; PRODUCTIVITY; SOYBEANS ID CORN AB The loss of soil productivity as erosion progressed was measured and documented in this study. Soybean was grown on 12 pairs of plots with lengths of 46 m and slopes ranging from 3 to 4% in Loring silt loam soil (Typic Fragiudalf). In 1983, all plots were tilled uniformly preceding planting of soybeans. Since then, no-till soybeans were grown in one plot of each pair to provide a minimal loss of productivity caused by erosion, and conventional-till soybean was grown in the other plot to provide a continuous larger loss of productivity due to excessive erosion. Conventional-till soybean yields exceeded no-till soybean yields during the first two years of the study. During the fourth through eighth years, no-till soybean yields averaged 44% greater than conventional-till soybean yields. The developing trend of lower yields for conventional-till as compared to no-till indicated an adverse effect of excessive erosion on soil productivity. Simulated rainfall was applied to the bottom third of different pairs of plots in 1986, 1987, and 1990 after receiving tillage of two diskings and harrowing. Tillage immediately preceding the rainfall simulation provided a similar soil surface for testing the effects of tillage history (either no-till or conventional-till) on soil erosion. Plots with conventional-till history were more erodible than those with no-till history. Runoff during initial 60-minute rainfall simulations from conventional-till plots was 21, 13, and 52% greater than that from no-till plots in 1986, 1987, and 1990, respectively. Soil loss during initial runs during these same years was 62, 34, and 350% greater, respectively, from conventional-till plots than that from no-till plots. Significantly, eroded soils with a conventional-till history were more susceptible to further erosion under additional intensive tillage than soils protected through a no-till management system. RP MCGREGOR, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1521 EP 1525 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400023 ER PT J AU SUMNER, HR BOUSE, LF YOUNG, JR AF SUMNER, HR BOUSE, LF YOUNG, JR TI SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF OIL-FORMULATED PESTICIDE DROPLETS IN CHEMIGATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CHEMIGATION; DROPLET SIZE ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE AB The influence of mainline water velocity, injection port orientation, and sprinkler nozzle on droplet size distribution of oil-formulated non-emulsified pesticides was evaluated in a chemigation flow system. Volume median diameter and the percentage of oil volume in large droplets decreased as the mainline water velocity increased. The volume median diameter of droplets from sprinklers was smaller than those in the mainline and were influenced less by injection methods than by droplets in the system mainline. The results indicate that irrigation system design is important to the success of chemigation in agriculture. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,USDA ARS,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP SUMNER, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS,GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN RES STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1527 EP 1530 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400024 ER PT J AU NELSON, SO NOH, SH AF NELSON, SO NOH, SH TI MATHEMATICAL-MODELS FOR THE DIELECTRIC-CONSTANTS OF RICE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE DIELECTIC CONSTANTS; GRAIN; RICE ID DENT FIELD CORN; AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; CEREAL-GRAINS; MOISTURE; SOYBEANS; WHEAT AB Models for estimating the dielectric constants of rough, brown, and white rice are developed from measured dielectric constants and bulk densities of rice samples of a long-grain and medium-grain cultivar. The models are based on the straight-line relationships between the square and cube roots of the dielectric constant and the bulk density of the grain. Slopes of these lines were also linear with moisture content of the grain and with the log 10 of the frequency. Both the quadratic and cubic models provide practical methods for calculating the dielectric constants of these types and forms of rice of any bulk density over the frequency range from 5 MHz to 12 GHz at moisture contents of practical interest with average errors of 3 to 5%. C1 SEOUL NATL UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,SUWON,SOUTH KOREA. RP NELSON, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1533 EP 1536 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400025 ER PT J AU KANDALA, CVK NELSON, SO LAWRENCE, KC AF KANDALA, CVK NELSON, SO LAWRENCE, KC TI NONDESTRUCTIVE MOISTURE DETERMINATION IN SINGLE KERNELS OF POPCORN BY RADIOFREQUENCY IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CORN; MOISTURE CONTENT; RADIO FREQUENCY ID CORN AB An empirical equation, developed earlier for predicting the moisture contents of single kernels of field com from radio-frequency (RF) measurements, has been used successfully for popcorn kernels. Measurements of capacitance, dissipation factor, and/or phase angle with an impedance analyzer at 1 and 4.5 MHz on a small parallel-plate capacitor holding the kernel between the plates predicted kernel moisture contents for 97% of the popcorn kernels tested in the moisture range from 11 to 25%, wet basis, within 1% moisture content. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP KANDALA, CVK (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1559 EP 1562 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400029 ER PT J AU SCHAPER, LA YAEGER, EC AF SCHAPER, LA YAEGER, EC TI COEFFICIENTS OF FRICTION OF IRISH POTATOES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE FRICTION; STATIC; DYNAMIC; ANGLE OF REPOSE; POTATOES AB The peak static, peak and dynamic coefficients of friction (COFs) of potatoes on nine types of materials were determined. Static COF ranged from 0.34 to 0.73. Dynamic COF ranged from 0.34 to 0.66. Polyethylene sheet had the lowest values and galvanized sheet metal with 13 mm (0.5 in.) corrugations had the highest values. Potato cultivar was not significant. C1 USDA ARS,E GRAND FORKS,MN. RP SCHAPER, LA (reprint author), RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB,E GRAND FORKS,MN, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1647 EP 1651 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400041 ER PT J AU ATEWOLOGUN, AO RISKOWSKI, GL BUCK, NL AF ATEWOLOGUN, AO RISKOWSKI, GL BUCK, NL TI AN IN-MASS TRANSDUCER FOR MEASURING THE STATIC PRESSURE RATIO (K) IN GRAIN STORAGE BINS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE STORAGE; GRAIN; STATIC PRESSURE; SENSORS AB A transducer was developed for measuring the static pressure ratio (K) within a grain mass. The transducer consisted of three round, fixed edge diaphragms which were mounted on a wire frame to measure pressures vertically, horizontally, and at a 45-degrees- angle. The diaphragms of the in-mass transducer (IMT) were calibrated with a water column and in a calibration bin filled with soybeans which had an inflatable, flexible diaphragm to exert uniform overburden pressures. The output of the IMT was linear and had good repeatability. Attaching one layer of grain in random orientation to a cloth that was placed over the sensor area on the IMT diaphragms significantly reduced variability of measurements within the grain mass. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGR ENGN,CHICAGO,IL 60680. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSTRUMENTAT & SENSING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ATEWOLOGUN, AO (reprint author), COLL DUPAGE,CHICAGO,IL, USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1659 EP 1664 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400043 ER PT J AU TROOIEN, TP HEERMANN, DF AF TROOIEN, TP HEERMANN, DF TI MEASUREMENT AND SIMULATION OF POTATO LEAF-AREA USING IMAGE-PROCESSING .1. MODEL DEVELOPMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MODEL; CANOPY ARCHITECTURE; DIGITAL MEDIAN FILTER ID EVAPORATION; CANOPIES; CROP AB Simulation models can be used to evaluate and interpret physical experiments and often offer many advantages over physical experiments. The objective of this study was to develop a simulation model of potato canopy architecture to evaluate an image processing leaf area measurement method. The potato canopy architecture simulation model included generation of a simulated plant, calculation of leaf area, and calculation of the leaf area that would be measured with the image processing method. A simulated potato plant consisted of a single vertical main stem, petioles attached to the main stem, and laminae attached to the petioles. The laminae of the simulated plant were projected to three perpendicular planes. The resulting ellipses were mapped to cells (pixels) to determine the projected area on each plane. The simulated plant leaf area was calculated with the three projected leaf areas, as would be possible with an image processing leaf area measurement method. C1 WATER MANAGEMENT RES,FT COLLINS,CO. RP TROOIEN, TP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,MANDAN,ND, USA. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1709 EP 1712 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400049 ER PT J AU TROOIEN, TP HEERMANN, DF AF TROOIEN, TP HEERMANN, DF TI MEASUREMENT AND SIMULATION OF POTATO LEAF-AREA USING IMAGE-PROCESSING .2. MODEL RESULTS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MODEL; CANOPY ARCHITECTURE; DIGITAL MEDIAN FILTER AB The objectives of this study were to validate a potato canopy architecture simulation model and use it to evaluate an image processing method of measuring potato leaf area. The model was an accurate simulation of potato canopy architecture based on simulated images and simulated leaf area measurements. The simulation model was then used to show that leaf area per volume had the greatest influence on simulated image processing-measured leaf area. Changing lamina, petiole, or side view angle had a small effect on simulated image processing-measured leaf area. Use of a 3 x 3 median filter affected simulated image processing-measured leaf area only for plants having leaf area greater than 0.116 m2. Changing the hardware resolution, either increasing or decreasing by a factor of four, had no significant effect on simulated image processing-measured leaf area. C1 WATER MANAGEMENT RES,FT COLLINS,CO. RP TROOIEN, TP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,MANDAN,ND, USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1713 EP 1718 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400050 ER PT J AU TROOIEN, TP HEERMANN, DF AF TROOIEN, TP HEERMANN, DF TI MEASUREMENT AND SIMULATION OF POTATO LEAF-AREA USING IMAGE-PROCESSING .3. MEASUREMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CANOPY ARCHITECTURE; DIGITAL MEDIAN FILTER; PLANT VOLUME AB Potato canopy size and shape makes it suitable for leaf area measurement with image processing techniques. The objective of this study was to define and test an image processing method of measuring leaf area. A three view, non-destructive image processing method of potato leaf area measurement was defined and tested. The procedure utilized digitized images, a top view and two side views, of a potato plant. The image processing operations on each image were: perform a median filter, select a pixel threshold intensity, and count the pixels of various intensities. Plant volume was plant height (measured in a side view image) multiplied by the top view leaf area. Leaf areas of 48 potato plants were measured with the image processing method and an optical leaf area meter. Regression of leaf area measured with the image processing method, including plant volume, against meter-measured leaf area was forced through the origin. The measurement data approached a 1:1 line. The image processing method provided a feasible non-destructive method of measuring potato leaf area. C1 WATER MANAGEMENT RES,FT COLLINS,CO. RP TROOIEN, TP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,MANDAN,ND, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1719 EP 1721 PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KJ554 UT WOS:A1992KJ55400051 ER PT J AU SLOAN, JP AF SLOAN, JP TI EFFECTS OF SEEDER DESIGN AND SEED PLACEMENT ON SEEDLING SIZE AND CULL RATES AT WESTERN FOREST NURSERIES SO USDA FOREST SERVICE INTERMOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE CONIFERS; SPACING; SEED SOWER; SEEDING MORPHOLOGY AB Nursery plots sown with the Summit Precision Seeder and the Oyjord Seeder were compared with plots oversown and hand thinned to desired spacings. We studied 26 seedlots of nine conifer species at five Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, nurseries. Seed placement by the two seeders varied with nursery, species, and seed characteristics. Neither seeder placed seeds exactly, but this lack of precision provided a good comparison with the more exact hand-thinned treatment. Thinned plots showed less clumping and fewer gaps between seedlings, but the seedlings were not significantly bigger than in unthinned plots, nor did thinning increase the number of acceptable seedlings. RP SLOAN, JP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,BOISE,ID, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA FOR SERV INT EXP STA PI OGDEN PA 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 SN 0146-3551 J9 USDA FOR SERV INT R JI USDA For. Serv. Intermt. Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD SEP PY 1992 IS 458 BP U1 EP 25 PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KB392 UT WOS:A1992KB39200001 ER PT J AU KONISHI, E PINCUS, S PAOLETTI, E LAEGREID, WW SHOPE, RE MASON, PW AF KONISHI, E PINCUS, S PAOLETTI, E LAEGREID, WW SHOPE, RE MASON, PW TI A HIGHLY ATTENUATED HOST RANGE-RESTRICTED VACCINIA VIRUS-STRAIN, NYVAC, ENCODING THE PRM, E, AND NS1 GENES OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS PREVENTS JEV VIREMIA IN SWINE SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; INFECTION C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,YALE ARBOVIRUS RES UNIT,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. VIROGENET CORP,TROY,NY 12180. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-10987-17] NR 31 TC 81 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP PY 1992 VL 190 IS 1 BP 454 EP 458 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(92)91233-K PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA JL549 UT WOS:A1992JL54900048 PM 1326813 ER PT J AU YAMANAKA, M DALE, B CRISP, T CORDELL, B GRUBMAN, M YILMA, T AF YAMANAKA, M DALE, B CRISP, T CORDELL, B GRUBMAN, M YILMA, T TI SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS AND EDITING OF THE PHOSPHOPROTEIN (P) GENE OF RINDERPEST VIRUS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID MEASLES; PROTEIN; MORBILLIVIRUS; DISTEMPER; CATTLE; REGION; RNA C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,INT LAB MOLEC BIOL TROP DIS AGENTS,DAVIS,CA 95616. ROCHE MOLEC SYST,ALAMEDA,CA 94501. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,NAA,GREENPORT,NY 11944. SCIOS INC,MT VIEW,CA 94043. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP PY 1992 VL 190 IS 1 BP 553 EP 556 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(92)91252-P PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA JL549 UT WOS:A1992JL54900067 PM 1529555 ER PT J AU SHIELDS, FD GRAY, DH AF SHIELDS, FD GRAY, DH TI EFFECTS OF WOODY VEGETATION ON SANDY LEVEE INTEGRITY SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE EROSION; WATER MANAGEMENT; LEVEE; SLOPE STABILITY; VEGETATION; TREES; ROOTS; SLOPE STABILITY; MAINTENANCE; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; HABITAT; RIVERINE CORRIDOR; SEEPAGE ID DAMS AB The influence of woody vegetation on the reliability of a sandy levee was investigated using field data in seepage and slope stability analyses. Field data were collected from selected sites within a 10-km segment of a channel levee on the Sacramento River near Elkhorn, California. Root architecture and distribution were determined using the profile-wall method in which root cross sections were exposed in the vertical wall of an excavated trench. Transects running both parallel and perpendicular to the crest of the levee were excavated at six sites. Each site was dominated by different plant species: rive sites were adjacent to trees or woody shrubs, while one supported only herbaceous growth. Lateral plant roots were primarily restricted to, and modified, the near-surface soil horizons to a depth of approximately 1 meter. Root area ratios (RARs) did not exceed 2.02 percent and generally decreased exponentially with depth. At depths greater than 20 cm, mean RARs for sites dominated by wood species were not significantly different from the mean RAR for the herbaceous site. No open voids clearly attributable to plant roots were observed. Roots reinforced the levee soil and increased shear resistance in a measurable manner. Infinite slope and circular arc stability analyses were performed on the landward and riverward slopes under different hydraulic loading conditions. Infinite slope analyses indicated increasing root area ratio from 0.01 percent to 1 percent increased the factor of safety from less than one to more than seven. Circular arc analyses indicated that even the lower measured root concentrations sufficed to increase safety factors for arcs with maximum depths of about 1 m from less than one to about 1.2. Our findings suggest that allowing woody shrubs and small trees on levees would provide environmental benefits and would enhance structural integrity without the hazards associated with large trees such as wind-throwing. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP SHIELDS, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 42 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 28 IS 5 BP 917 EP 931 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA KM312 UT WOS:A1992KM31200010 ER PT J AU DUFFIELD, JW NEHER, CJ BROWN, TC AF DUFFIELD, JW NEHER, CJ BROWN, TC TI RECREATION BENEFITS OF INSTREAM FLOW - APPLICATION TO MONTANA BIG HOLE AND BITTERROOT RIVERS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CENSORED LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; REFERENDUM DATA; MARKET GOODS; VALUATION; DEMAND; MODEL; WILD AB Allocation of water between instream uses such as recreation and consumptive uses such as irrigation is an important public policy issue in the western United States. One basis for identifying appropriate levels of instream flows is maximization of net economic benefits. A general framework for estimating the recreational value of instream flows was developed and applied to Montana's Big Hole and Bitterroot rivers. The paper also provides a synthesis of methods for interpreting covariate effects in dichotomous choice contingent valuation models. Precision of the estimates is examined through a simulation approach. The marginal recreational value of instream flow in these rivers is in the range of $50 per acre foot (1 acre foot equals 1233.5 m3) for recreation at low-flow levels plus $25 per acre foot for downstream hydroelectric generation. These values indicate that at some flow levels, gains may be achieved on the study rivers by reallocating water from consumptive to instream uses. C1 BIOECON INC,MISSOULA,MT 59801. US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80524. RP DUFFIELD, JW (reprint author), UNIV MONTANA,DEPT ECON,MISSOULA,MT 59812, USA. NR 44 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 28 IS 9 BP 2169 EP 2181 DI 10.1029/92WR01188 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JL482 UT WOS:A1992JL48200002 ER PT J AU ALONSO, CV MENDOZA, C AF ALONSO, CV MENDOZA, C TI NEAR-BED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION IN GRAVEL-BEDDED STREAMS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLOW RESISTANCE; ROUGH SURFACES; RIVERS; FINE AB In this paper we present an analytical model for the concentration of suspended sediments in the proximity of the bed of gravel rivers. The model is applicable to high-gradient streams carrying sands and finer sediment particles in suspension over poorly sorted gravel beds. The analysis is carried out in terms of equations which realistically describe the velocity profile of the carrying stream and the dispersion of heavy particles in turbulent shear flows over stable gravel beds. To test our hypotheses we verified the equations using available flume and fiver data and evaluated their response for various combinations of bed roughness and suspended load characteristics. Our results indicate that characterization of the near-bed concentration can be formulated in terms of a velocity defect representation of the mean turbulent velocity profile and a sediment eddy diffusivity distribution developed for sand bed rivers. The near-bed concentration is shown to be rather sensitive to variations in the gravel bed relative roughness, the depth at which the concentration is evaluated above the virtual bed surface, and the ratio between the settling velocity of the suspended sediment and the bed shear velocity. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,NEW YORK,NY 10027. RP ALONSO, CV (reprint author), USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 28 IS 9 BP 2459 EP 2468 DI 10.1029/92WR00915 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA JL482 UT WOS:A1992JL48200025 ER PT J AU DEGRAAF, RM YAMASAKI, M AF DEGRAAF, RM YAMASAKI, M TI A NONDESTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUE TO MONITOR THE RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FOREST; POPULATIONS; PHYSIOLOGY C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824. RP DEGRAAF, RM (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,HOLDSWORTH HALL,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 1992 VL 20 IS 3 BP 260 EP 264 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA JQ661 UT WOS:A1992JQ66100002 ER PT J AU NORMAN, DM MASON, JR CLARK, L AF NORMAN, DM MASON, JR CLARK, L TI CAPSAICIN EFFECTS ON CONSUMPTION OF FOOD BY CEDAR WAXWINGS AND HOUSE FINCHES SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Note ID RED C1 MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA,APHIS,S & T,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,UNIV PENN,DEPT BIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RP NORMAN, DM (reprint author), UNIV PENN,DEPT BIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD SEP PY 1992 VL 104 IS 3 BP 549 EP 551 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA JQ029 UT WOS:A1992JQ02900018 ER PT J AU WOLLENWEBER, E DORR, M RUSTAIYAN, A ROITMAN, JN GRAVEN, EH AF WOLLENWEBER, E DORR, M RUSTAIYAN, A ROITMAN, JN GRAVEN, EH TI EXUDATE FLAVONOIDS OF SOME SALVIA AND A TRICHOSTEMA SPECIES SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Note DE SALVIA SPP; TRICHOSTEMA-LANATUM; LAMIACEAE; LEAF AND STEM EXUDATE; FLAVONOID AGLYCONES ID AGLYCONES AB Seven species of Salvia and one species of Trichostema were analyzed for their exudate flavonoids. They were found to exhibit flavonoid aglycones in various numbers and different patterns. Most of these are flavones, in which 6-methoxy-substituted compounds predominate. C1 UNIV SHAHID BEHESHTY,FAC SCI,DEPT CHEM,TEHRAN,IRAN. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710. UNIV FT HARE,FAC AGR,DEPT AGRON,ALICE,CISKEI. RP WOLLENWEBER, E (reprint author), TH DARMSTADT,INST BOT,SCHNITTSPAHNSTR 3,W-6100 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. NR 4 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD SEP-OCT PY 1992 VL 47 IS 9-10 BP 782 EP 784 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA JU174 UT WOS:A1992JU17400025 ER PT J AU BAKER, JT ALLEN, LH BOOTE, KJ AF BAKER, JT ALLEN, LH BOOTE, KJ TI RESPONSE OF RICE TO CARBON-DIOXIDE AND TEMPERATURE SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA-L; CO2 ENRICHMENT; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; AIR-TEMPERATURE; PLANT-GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; YIELD; WHEAT; TRANSPIRATION; ENVIRONMENTS AB The current increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) along with predictions of possible future increases in global air temperatures have stimulated interest in the effects of [CO2] and temperature on the growth and yield of food crops. This study was conducted to determine the effects and possible interactions of [CO2] and temperature on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L., cultivar IR-30). Rice plants were grown for a season in outdoor, naturally sunlit, controlled-environment, and plant growth chambers. Temperature treatments of 28/21/25, 34/27/31, and 40/33/37-degrees-C (daytime dry bulb air temperature/night-time dry bulb air temperature/paddy water temperature) were maintained in [CO2] treatments of 330 and 660-mu-mol CO2 mol-1 air. In the 40/33/37-degrees-C temperature treatment, plants in the 330-mu-mol mol-1 [CO2] treatment died during stem extension while the [CO2] enriched plants survived but produced sterile panicles. Plants in the 34/27/31-degrees-C temperature treatments accumulated biomass and leaf area at a faster rate early in the growing season than plants in the 28/21/25-degrees-C temperature treatments. Tillering increased with increasing temperature treatment. Grain yield increases owing to [CO2] enrichment were small and non-significant. This lack of [CO2] response on grain yield was attributed to the generally lower levels of solar irradiance encountered during the late fall and winter when this experiment was conducted. Grain yields were affected much more strongly by temperature than [CO2] treatment. Grain yields declined by an average of approximately 7-8% per 1-degrees-C rise in temperature from the 28/21/25 to 34/27/31-degrees-C temperature treatment. The reduced grain yields with increasing temperature treatment suggests potential detrimental effects on rice production in some areas if air temperatures increase, especially under conditions of low solar irradiance. C1 USDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP BAKER, JT (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. OI Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 41 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD AUG 31 PY 1992 VL 60 IS 3-4 BP 153 EP 166 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(92)90035-3 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JM339 UT WOS:A1992JM33900001 ER PT J AU MCMASTER, GS MORGAN, JA WILHELM, WW AF MCMASTER, GS MORGAN, JA WILHELM, WW TI SIMULATING WINTER-WHEAT SPIKE DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CEREAL LEAF GROWTH; VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT; APICAL DEVELOPMENT; EAR DEVELOPMENT; WATER-STRESS; TEMPERATURE; FIELD; CULTIVARS; INITIATION; PHOTOPERIOD AB Mechanistic crop simulation models can aid in integrating and directing research, and in improving farm management strategies. Information derived from recent research on spike development and growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was incorporated into a submodel, SPIKEGRO, and added to an existing model called SHOOTGRO. This manuscript discusses the SPIKEGRO submodel. SPIKEGRO emphasizes the reproductive functioning of the shoot apex. The complete developmental sequence of the shoot apex is outlined and quantified. All developmental events and growth stages are predicted, most using the phyllochron approach. Spikelet and floret primordium initiation, growth, and abortion; ovule fertilization and growth; and rachis and chaff growth are simulated on morphologically-identified culms. The phyllochron interval, rather than growing degree-days, is used throughout the model to increase flexibility in predicting yearly and within-stand variation in development. Up to six cohorts of plants are simulated simultaneously from time of emergence, using a daily time step. Initial inputs consist of general agronomic information such as planting date, density, and depth, site latitude, cultivar height-class, soil water and N concentration, and soil characteristics (e.g. bulk density. organic carbon, parameters for a water-release curve). Cultivar differences, if known, can be incorporated by changing the input parameter file. Validation results and sensitivity analysis suggested six modifications that should improve model realism and predictions. Most of the modifications are easy corrections of simplified algorithms. SPIKEGRO integrates aboveground development and growth of individual plant components into one simulation. The model is useful in estimating development and growth throughout the growing season, and in predicting all stages of shoot apex development critical in scheduling cultural practices. C1 USDA ARS,RANGELAND RESOURCES RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP MCMASTER, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,301 S HOWES,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 73 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD AUG 31 PY 1992 VL 60 IS 3-4 BP 193 EP 220 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(92)90038-6 PG 28 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA JM339 UT WOS:A1992JM33900004 ER PT J AU HENNESSEY, TC DOUGHERTY, PM CREGG, BM WITTWER, RF AF HENNESSEY, TC DOUGHERTY, PM CREGG, BM WITTWER, RF TI ANNUAL VARIATION IN NEEDLE FALL OF A LOBLOLLY-PINE STAND IN RELATION TO CLIMATE AND STAND DENSITY SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; FOREST FLOOR; LITTER-FALL; PLANTATIONS; DYNAMICS AB A 10-year-old stand of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L. ) was thinned to three residual basal area levels: 7.8 m2 ha-1, 12.6 m2 ha-1, and 26.6 m2 ha-1 (unthinned). Monthly temperature, rainfall and needle fall were determined for 5 consecutive years following thinning. The amount of needle fall produced each year was positively related to the amount of basal area on the plot. However, at a given basal area a wide range of needle-fall biomass was observed over the 5 year period. Much of the variation in needle-fall patterns appeared to be correlated with the droughtiness of the growing season. In loblolly pine stands needle fall represents the death of the total needle population formed in the previous year. The amount of needle fall that occurred in a given year varied with the rainfall and temperature conditions that existed in the year the foliage was formed. Average annual needle fall varied by more than 29% from year to year for the unthinned control plots. Maximum monthly needle fall occurred 2 months earlier in dry years than in wet years. These results indicate that accurate predictions of the amount of canopy needle biomass must account for both the effects of the previous year's climate on needle production and the effect of the current year's climate on needle duration. Currently, mechanistic models being used to predict annual net carbon gain, stand productivity or annual evapotranspiration do not adequately consider the interactive effects of climate and stand density on needle biomass dynamics. C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP HENNESSEY, TC (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 20 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 31 PY 1992 VL 51 IS 4 BP 329 EP 338 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90332-4 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JQ832 UT WOS:A1992JQ83200007 ER PT J AU BAKER, GL DYSART, RJ AF BAKER, GL DYSART, RJ TI DEVELOPMENT OF SCELIO-BIPARTITUS KIEFFER (HYMENOPTERA, SCELIONIDAE) IN DIAPAUSE EGGS OF GASTRIMARGUS-MUSICUS (F) (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Two new developmental pathways were found in Scelio bipartitus parasitising diapause eggs of Gastrimargus musicus in a temperate region; overwintering as pharate adults within the host egg to emerge in spring; and overwintering as larvae with development to the adult stage and emergence in late spring. A third pathway, nondiapause development to the adult stage in late summer and emergence in autumn was observed for the first time in a temperate region. Parasitism rates ranged from 4.3-11.7% in the first year of an outbreak to 61.5-87.50% in the second (final) year. In Queensland, G. musicus occasionally overwinters as nymphs and oviposits in spring. Overwintering by S. bipartitus as pharate adults is a possible adaptation to this host developmental pathway. C1 USDA ARS,RES LAB,GRASSHOPPER IPM PROJECT,SIDNEY,MT 59270. RP BAKER, GL (reprint author), NEW S WALES DEPT AGR,BIOL & CHEM RES INST,PMB 10,RYDALMERE,NSW 2116,AUSTRALIA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CANBERRA PA CSIRO ENTOMOLOGY GPO BOX 1700, CANBERRA 2601, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9050 J9 J AUST ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 1992 VL 31 BP 241 EP 242 PN 3 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA JM360 UT WOS:A1992JM36000013 ER PT J AU BRYANT, FO CUTLER, HG AF BRYANT, FO CUTLER, HG TI REDUCTIVE DECHLORINATION OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL BY ACTINOMYCES-VISCOSUS STRAIN DECHLORINI SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1992 VL 204 BP 1 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA JJ312 UT WOS:A1992JJ31201283 ER EF