FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU LITTLE, EL AF LITTLE, EL BE Aldon, EF Shaw, DW TI PINE NUTS (PINUS) IMPORTED INTO THE UNITED-STATES SO MANAGING PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL NEEDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems for Sustainability and Social Needs CY APR 26-30, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USDA FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STAT C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 236 BP 26 EP 28 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA66R UT WOS:A1993BA66R00010 ER PT J AU GARCIA, MT AF GARCIA, MT BE Aldon, EF Shaw, DW TI TRADITIONAL USE OF PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLAND RESOURCES SO MANAGING PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL NEEDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems for Sustainability and Social Needs CY APR 26-30, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USDA FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STAT C1 US FOREST SERV,CARSON NATL FOREST,TAOS,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 236 BP 79 EP 81 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA66R UT WOS:A1993BA66R00017 ER PT B AU LITTLE, EL AF LITTLE, EL BE Aldon, EF Shaw, DW TI MANAGING SOUTHWESTERN PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS - THE PAST HALF-CENTURY AND THE FUTURE SO MANAGING PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL NEEDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems for Sustainability and Social Needs CY APR 26-30, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USDA FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STAT C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 236 BP 105 EP 107 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA66R UT WOS:A1993BA66R00023 ER PT J AU GOTTFRIED, GJ SEVERSON, KE AF GOTTFRIED, GJ SEVERSON, KE BE Aldon, EF Shaw, DW TI DISTRIBUTION AND MULTIRESOURCE MANAGEMENT OF PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES SO MANAGING PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL NEEDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems for Sustainability and Social Needs CY APR 26-30, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USDA FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STAT RP GOTTFRIED, GJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 236 BP 108 EP 116 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA66R UT WOS:A1993BA66R00024 ER PT J AU ROGERS, TJ AF ROGERS, TJ BE Aldon, EF Shaw, DW TI INSECT AND DISEASE ASSOCIATES OF THE PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS SO MANAGING PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL NEEDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems for Sustainability and Social Needs CY APR 26-30, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USDA FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STAT C1 US FOREST SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 236 BP 124 EP 125 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA66R UT WOS:A1993BA66R00026 ER PT J AU AGUILAR, R AF AGUILAR, R BE Aldon, EF Shaw, DW TI REHABILITATION OF SOUTHWESTERN RANGELANDS USING SEWAGE-SLUDGE - TECHNOLOGY APPLICABLE TO PINYON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS SO MANAGING PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL NEEDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems for Sustainability and Social Needs CY APR 26-30, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USDA FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STAT C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 236 BP 126 EP 132 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA66R UT WOS:A1993BA66R00027 ER PT J AU SUMINSKI, RR AF SUMINSKI, RR BE Aldon, EF Shaw, DW TI MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS FOR MULE DEER WINTER RANGE IN NORTHERN PINYON-JUNIPER SO MANAGING PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL NEEDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems for Sustainability and Social Needs CY APR 26-30, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USDA FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STAT C1 US FOREST SERV,CIBOLA NATL FOREST,GRANTS,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 236 BP 133 EP 139 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA66R UT WOS:A1993BA66R00028 ER PT J AU PERRY, H AF PERRY, H BE Aldon, EF Shaw, DW TI SOIL NUTRIENT RESEARCH ON THE HEBER RANGER DISTRICT APACHE-SITGREAVES-NATIONAL-FOREST SO MANAGING PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL NEEDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems for Sustainability and Social Needs CY APR 26-30, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USDA FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STAT C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 236 BP 149 EP 152 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA66R UT WOS:A1993BA66R00032 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, RS AF EDWARDS, RS BE Aldon, EF Shaw, DW TI CARRIZO DEMONSTRATION AREA - RESTORATION OF A SOUTHWEST FOREST ECOSYSTEM SO MANAGING PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL NEEDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems for Sustainability and Social Needs CY APR 26-30, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USDA FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STAT C1 US FOREST SERV,LINCOLN NATL FOREST,RUIDOSO,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 236 BP 155 EP 158 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA66R UT WOS:A1993BA66R00034 ER PT J AU SPANN, CL AF SPANN, CL BE Aldon, EF Shaw, DW TI PROCEDURAL GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION PRACTICES IN PINYON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS SO MANAGING PINON-JUNIPER ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL NEEDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Pinon-Juniper Ecosystems for Sustainability and Social Needs CY APR 26-30, 1993 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USDA FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STAT C1 US FOREST SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 236 BP 159 EP 161 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA66R UT WOS:A1993BA66R00035 ER PT B AU WESTPHAL, LM AF WESTPHAL, LM BE Gobster, PH TI WHY TREES - URBAN FORESTRY VOLUNTEERS VALUES AND MOTIVATIONS SO MANAGING URBAN AND HIGH-USE RECREATION SETTINGS: SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE URBAN FORESTRY AND ETHNIC MINORITIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT PAPER SESSIONS - 4TH NORTH AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON SOCIETY AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th North-American Symposium on Society and Resource Management CY MAY 17-20, 1992 CL UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI SP USDA, FOREST SERV, N CENT FOREST EXPT STAT HO UNIV WISCONSIN C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,CHICAGO,IL 60646. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 J9 USDA N CENT PY 1993 VL 163 BP 19 EP 23 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA75U UT WOS:A1993BA75U00004 ER PT J AU GOBSTER, PH AF GOBSTER, PH BE Gobster, PH TI MANAGING VISUAL QUALITY IN BIG, DIVERSE URBAN PARKS - A CASE-STUDY OF CHICAGO LINCOLN-PARK SO MANAGING URBAN AND HIGH-USE RECREATION SETTINGS: SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE URBAN FORESTRY AND ETHNIC MINORITIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT PAPER SESSIONS - 4TH NORTH AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON SOCIETY AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th North-American Symposium on Society and Resource Management CY MAY 17-20, 1992 CL UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI SP USDA, FOREST SERV, N CENT FOREST EXPT STAT HO UNIV WISCONSIN C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,CHICAGO,IL 60646. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 J9 USDA N CENT PY 1993 VL 163 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA75U UT WOS:A1993BA75U00006 ER PT B AU SCHROEDER, HW RUFFOLO, SR AF SCHROEDER, HW RUFFOLO, SR BE Gobster, PH TI HOUSEHOLDERS EVALUATIONS OF STREET TREES IN SUBURBAN CHICAGO SO MANAGING URBAN AND HIGH-USE RECREATION SETTINGS: SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE URBAN FORESTRY AND ETHNIC MINORITIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT PAPER SESSIONS - 4TH NORTH AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON SOCIETY AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th North-American Symposium on Society and Resource Management CY MAY 17-20, 1992 CL UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI SP USDA, FOREST SERV, N CENT FOREST EXPT STAT HO UNIV WISCONSIN C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,CHICAGO,IL 60646. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 J9 USDA N CENT PY 1993 VL 163 BP 68 EP 72 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA75U UT WOS:A1993BA75U00012 ER PT B AU GOBSTER, PH DELGADO, A AF GOBSTER, PH DELGADO, A BE Gobster, PH TI ETHNICITY AND RECREATION USE IN CHICAGO LINCOLN-PARK - IN-PARK USER SURVEY FINDINGS SO MANAGING URBAN AND HIGH-USE RECREATION SETTINGS: SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE URBAN FORESTRY AND ETHNIC MINORITIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT PAPER SESSIONS - 4TH NORTH AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON SOCIETY AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th North-American Symposium on Society and Resource Management CY MAY 17-20, 1992 CL UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI SP USDA, FOREST SERV, N CENT FOREST EXPT STAT HO UNIV WISCONSIN C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,CHICAGO,IL 60646. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 J9 USDA N CENT PY 1993 VL 163 BP 75 EP 81 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA75U UT WOS:A1993BA75U00013 ER PT J AU CARR, DS WILLIAMS, DR AF CARR, DS WILLIAMS, DR BE Gobster, PH TI UNDERSTANDING DIVERSE RECREATIONISTS - BEYOND QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS SO MANAGING URBAN AND HIGH-USE RECREATION SETTINGS: SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE URBAN FORESTRY AND ETHNIC MINORITIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT PAPER SESSIONS - 4TH NORTH AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON SOCIETY AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th North-American Symposium on Society and Resource Management CY MAY 17-20, 1992 CL UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI SP USDA, FOREST SERV, N CENT FOREST EXPT STAT HO UNIV WISCONSIN C1 US FOREST SERV,FIERR STAFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 J9 USDA N CENT PY 1993 VL 163 BP 101 EP 106 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA75U UT WOS:A1993BA75U00017 ER PT J AU CHAVEZ, DJ AF CHAVEZ, DJ BE Gobster, PH TI THE WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE - HISPANICS IN THE NATIONAL FORESTS SO MANAGING URBAN AND HIGH-USE RECREATION SETTINGS: SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE URBAN FORESTRY AND ETHNIC MINORITIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT PAPER SESSIONS - 4TH NORTH AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON SOCIETY AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th North-American Symposium on Society and Resource Management CY MAY 17-20, 1992 CL UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI SP USDA, FOREST SERV, N CENT FOREST EXPT STAT HO UNIV WISCONSIN C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 J9 USDA N CENT PY 1993 VL 163 BP 107 EP 108 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA75U UT WOS:A1993BA75U00018 ER PT B AU DWYER, JF AF DWYER, JF BE Gobster, PH TI OUTDOOR RECREATION PARTICIPATION - AN UPDATE ON BLACKS, WHITES, HISPANICS, AND ASIANS IN ILLINOIS SO MANAGING URBAN AND HIGH-USE RECREATION SETTINGS: SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE URBAN FORESTRY AND ETHNIC MINORITIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT PAPER SESSIONS - 4TH NORTH AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON SOCIETY AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th North-American Symposium on Society and Resource Management CY MAY 17-20, 1992 CL UNIV WISCONSIN, MADISON, WI SP USDA, FOREST SERV, N CENT FOREST EXPT STAT HO UNIV WISCONSIN C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,CHICAGO,IL 60646. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV N CENTRAL FOREST EXPTL STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 J9 USDA N CENT PY 1993 VL 163 BP 119 EP 121 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA75U UT WOS:A1993BA75U00020 ER PT J AU LUND, HG AF LUND, HG BE Falconer, A TI POLITICALLY CORRECT GLOBAL MAPPING AND MONITORING SO MAPPING TOMORROW'S RESOURCES SE NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES (NREI) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mapping Tomorrows Resources CY APR 23-24, 1992 CL UTAH STATE UNIV, ECCLES CONF CTR, LOGAN, UT SP UTAH STATE UNIV, COLL NAT RESOURCES, S J & JESSIE E QUINNEY FDN, USDA, SOIL CONSERVAT SERV, US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, UTAH COOPERAT RES UNIT, USDA, FOREST SERV, UTAH GEOG ALLIANCE HO UTAH STATE UNIV, ECCLES CONF CTR C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UTAH STATE UNIV, COLL NATURAL RESOURCES PI LOGAN PA S J & JESSIE E QUINNEY NATURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH LIBRARY, LOGAN, UT 84322-5200 SN 1069-5370 J9 NAT RESOUR ENV ISS PY 1993 VL 2 BP 47 EP 54 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BA20L UT WOS:A1993BA20L00007 ER PT J AU LACHOWSKI, H AF LACHOWSKI, H BE Falconer, A TI FOREST-SERVICE APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE-SENSING AND THE NATIONAL TRAINING-PROGRAM SO MAPPING TOMORROW'S RESOURCES SE NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES (NREI) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mapping Tomorrows Resources CY APR 23-24, 1992 CL UTAH STATE UNIV, ECCLES CONF CTR, LOGAN, UT SP UTAH STATE UNIV, COLL NAT RESOURCES, S J & JESSIE E QUINNEY FDN, USDA, SOIL CONSERVAT SERV, US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, UTAH COOPERAT RES UNIT, USDA, FOREST SERV, UTAH GEOG ALLIANCE HO UTAH STATE UNIV, ECCLES CONF CTR C1 US FOREST SERV,NATIONWIDE FORESTRY APPLICAT PROGRAM,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84119. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UTAH STATE UNIV, COLL NATURAL RESOURCES PI LOGAN PA S J & JESSIE E QUINNEY NATURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH LIBRARY, LOGAN, UT 84322-5200 SN 1069-5370 J9 NAT RESOUR ENV ISS PY 1993 VL 2 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BA20L UT WOS:A1993BA20L00009 ER PT J AU HIGHLEY, TL AF HIGHLEY, TL TI MOVEMENT AND PERSISTENCE OF BASAMID IN WRAPPED DOUGLAS-FIR AND SOUTHERN PINE TIMBER SO MATERIAL UND ORGANISMEN LA English DT Note DE FUMIGATION; WOOD DECAY; BASAMID; DOUGLAS-FIR; SOUTHERN PINE RP HIGHLEY, TL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DUNCKER & HUMBLOT GMBH PI BERLIN 41 PA POSTFACH 41 03 29 DIETRICH-SCHAFER-WEG 9, W-1000 BERLIN 41, GERMANY SN 0025-5270 J9 MATER ORGANISMEN JI Mater. Org. PY 1993 VL 28 IS 1 BP 75 EP 78 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA MV570 UT WOS:A1993MV57000006 ER PT J AU KINDIGER, B DEWALD, C AF KINDIGER, B DEWALD, C TI A STORAGE TREATMENT FOR POLLEN MAINTENANCE IN EASTERN AND MEXICAN GAMAGRASS SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE GAMAGRASS; POLLEN; MAINTENANCE; TRIPSACUM ID PEARL-MILLET; VARIABILITY AB Various desiccating and temperature treatments were applied to fresh pollen of eastern gamagrass (T. dactyloides var. dactyloides, T dactyloides tar. hispidum) and mexican gamagrass (T. lancelatum) to discern which treatments are most appropriate to maintain pollen viability over extended periods of time. A secondary goal was to test the longevity of gamagrass pollen under those OptiMuM conditions. General viability of the pollen was reduced over time as measured by initiation of pollen tube growth on a agar medium. Following pollen tube germination, the rate and length of the pollen tube was also observed to be depressed with the optimum storage treatment. Data indicate that simple refrigeration (4-degrees-C) of fresh pollen, stored within a desicator, provides an adequate environment for maintenance of pollen for 10 days with approximately 10% viability. These in vitro results were corroborated by controlled nursery pollinations. RP KINDIGER, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,2000 18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1993 VL 38 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LC880 UT WOS:A1993LC88000001 ER PT J AU LAUGHNAN, J DAY, J GABAYLAUGHNAN, S SACHS, M WALDEN, DB AF LAUGHNAN, J DAY, J GABAYLAUGHNAN, S SACHS, M WALDEN, DB TI PATTERSON,EARL,B. - FRIEND, COLLEAGUE, SCHOLAR - A TRIBUTE SO MAYDICA LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO,DEPT PLANT BIOL,LONDON N6A 5B7,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP LAUGHNAN, J (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1993 VL 38 IS 2 BP 79 EP 83 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LR930 UT WOS:A1993LR93000002 ER PT J AU COE, EH AF COE, EH TI ROOTS OF COOPERATION IN MAIZE GENETICS SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE GERMPLASM; MAIZE GENETIC STOCK CENTER; MAIZE GENETICS COOPERATION NEWSLETTER; HISTORY; TRADITIONS AB The sharing of genetic data and genetic strains is traditional among maize geneticists. The origins of this altruism are considered through excerpts from letters Of MENDEL, published literature, and early mimeographs. These citations reveal the early cooperation among scientists working with maize, culminating in the Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter and Maize Genetics Cooperation Stock Center. In addition to promoting scholarship, the communications set an example for geneticists to follow, and fostered attitudes and interactions consistent with such laudable aims as: Contributing to the vision of comprehension of the whole genetic system; meeting the general good of all; assuring free-flowing communication; and giving appreciation and due credit to others. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP COE, EH (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,CURTIS HALL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1993 VL 38 IS 2 BP 163 EP 166 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LR930 UT WOS:A1993LR93000012 ER PT J AU JONES, MW PRATT, RC FINDLEY, WR STMARTIN, SK GUTHRIE, WD AF JONES, MW PRATT, RC FINDLEY, WR STMARTIN, SK GUTHRIE, WD TI MULTIPLE-TRAIT IMPROVEMENT IN OHS3 USING A RANK AND REPLACE S(1) RECURRENT SELECTION METHOD SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE CORN; S(1)-PROGENY SELECTION; MULTIPLE TRAIT SELECTION ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; 2 MAIZE SYNTHETICS; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; STALK QUALITY; RESISTANCE; POPULATIONS; CYCLES; YIELD AB A recurrent selection program was conducted in OhS3, derived from BS3 synthetic. to develop maize germplasm with good agronomic traits (yield, standability early maturity, low grain moisture), resistance to virus diseases, resistance to second-generation European corn borer (ECB-2) (Ostrinia nubilalis, Hubner), and resistance to Northern Leaf Blight (NLB) of com [Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard & Suggs]. Modified S1 recurrent selection based on a ''rank and replace'' selection method, the goal of which was to maintain and improve favorable allelic frequencies of the multiple traits, was used for five cycles to develop the OhS3(C5) synthetic maize population. The effectiveness of the ''rank and replace'' selection method was evaluated by measuring performance in 60 S1 progenies representing each of the selection cycles 0-4 (C0-C4). Shifts in the cycle population means for all traits were in the desired direction and were highly significant for all traits except resistance to ECB-2 resistance to NLB. S1 progenies with superior rankings for multiple traits occurred most frequently in cycle 4. C1 OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,WOOSTER,OH 44691. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OSU,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBUS,OH. USDA ARS,CORN INSECTS RES UNIT,ANKENY,IA. OHIO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 1993 VL 38 IS 4 BP 283 EP 290 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MZ436 UT WOS:A1993MZ43600008 ER PT J AU WHIPPLE, G KOOHMARAIE, M AF WHIPPLE, G KOOHMARAIE, M TI CALCIUM-CHLORIDE MARINATION EFFECTS ON BEEF STEAK TENDERNESS AND CALPAIN PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; POSTMORTEM TENDERIZATION; CARCASS COMPOSITION; DEPENDENT PROTEASE; OVINE CARCASSES; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; MEAT QUALITY; BOS-INDICUS; ACCELERATION AB A study was conducted in three phases to examine the effect of calcium chloride marination on tenderness. Steaks obtained 5 days postmortem were marinated in a 150 mM calcium chloride solution for 24 h and 48 h in phase 1, and for 48 h in phases 2 and 3. The steaks utilized were obtained from mature cows 8-11 years of age-phase 1; four control and four beta-agonist fed steers-phase 2; and three Peidmontese and two Nelore 18-month-old steers-phase 3. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance for a split-plot design. In phase 1, marination failed to improve (P > 0.05) shear force values. However, shear force values were less than 5 kg which was uncommonly low for mature cows. In phase 2, marination improved (P < 0.05) meat tenderness regardless of diet. Yet, the steaks from the beta-agonist fed steers remained less tender, even after marination, than the steaks from the control steers. In phase 3, shear force requirements were decreased (P < 0.01) with marination. Also, the activities of m-calpain and calpastatin decreased (P < 0.05) with calcium marination. It appeared that the improvement in tenderness was through the activation of m-calpain. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 29 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PY 1993 VL 33 IS 2 BP 265 EP 275 DI 10.1016/0309-1740(93)90064-O PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA KA239 UT WOS:A1993KA23900008 PM 22060103 ER PT J AU DANKNER, WM WAECKER, NJ ESSEY, MA MOSER, K THOMPSON, M DAVIS, CE AF DANKNER, WM WAECKER, NJ ESSEY, MA MOSER, K THOMPSON, M DAVIS, CE TI MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS INFECTIONS IN SAN-DIEGO - A CLINICOEPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY OF 73 PATIENTS AND A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF A FORGOTTEN PATHOGEN SO MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; MIGRANT FARM-WORKERS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS; UNITED-STATES; EXTRAPULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; GENITOURINARY TUBERCULOSIS; MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS; CLINICAL-FEATURES; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PATHOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT MED,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PEDIAT,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. USN HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,SAN DIEGO,CA 92134. USDA,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. US DEPT HLTH SERV,SAN DIEGO,CA. SAN DIEGO CTY PUBL HLTH LAB,SAN DIEGO,CA. NR 223 TC 133 Z9 137 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0025-7974 J9 MEDICINE JI Medicine (Baltimore) PD JAN PY 1993 VL 72 IS 1 BP 11 EP 37 PG 27 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KJ184 UT WOS:A1993KJ18400002 PM 8426535 ER PT J AU BOWEN, PE MOBARHAN, S SMITH, JC AF BOWEN, PE MOBARHAN, S SMITH, JC TI CAROTENOID ABSORPTION IN HUMANS SO METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DIETARY FIBER SOURCES; BETA-CAROTENE; PLASMA; METABOLISM; TOCOPHEROL; RETINOL; MEN; VEGETABLES; INGESTION; SECRETION C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BOWEN, PE (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT NUTR & MED DIETET,CHICAGO,IL 60612, USA. NR 39 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Method Enzymol. PY 1993 VL 214 BP 3 EP 17 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LE023 UT WOS:A1993LE02300001 PM 8469145 ER PT J AU CLEVIDENCE, BA BIERI, JG AF CLEVIDENCE, BA BIERI, JG TI ASSOCIATION OF CAROTENOIDS WITH HUMAN PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS SO METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; PRECIPITATION PROCEDURE; INDIVIDUAL CAROTENOIDS; BETA-CAROTENE; CHOLESTEROL; SEPARATION; TRANSPORT C1 NIDDKD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP CLEVIDENCE, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 118 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Method Enzymol. PY 1993 VL 214 BP 33 EP 46 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LE023 UT WOS:A1993LE02300004 PM 8469147 ER PT J AU TANG, GW KRINSKY, NI AF TANG, GW KRINSKY, NI TI DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN CENTRAL AND EXCENTRIC CLEAVAGE OF BETA-CAROTENE SO METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID METABOLISM; CONVERSION C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP TANG, GW (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,GASTROINTESTINAL NUTR LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Method Enzymol. PY 1993 VL 214 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LE023 UT WOS:A1993LE02300007 PM 8469153 ER PT J AU AGRAWAL, SB CHAUDHARY, BR AF AGRAWAL, SB CHAUDHARY, BR TI MERCURY-INDUCED CHANGES IN GLUTATHIONE CONTENT OF A GREEN-ALGA, COSMARIUM-CONSPERSUM SO MICROBIOS LA English DT Article DE HEAVY METALS; MERCURY; COSMARIUM; GLUTATHIONE; PHYTOCHELATINS ID METAL-BINDING PEPTIDES; HEAVY-METALS; TOMATO CELLS; PHYTOCHELATIN SYNTHESIS; PISUM-SATIVUM; HIGHER-PLANTS; METABOLISM; REDUCTASE; CADMIUM; ROLES AB Sublethal concentrations of mercuric chloride have caused significant variations in different forms of glutathione in a green alga, Cosmarium conspersum var. rotundatum f. intermedia. The total glutathione content increased with an increase in mercury concentration and duration of exposure. There was a significant decline in cellular concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and an increase in oxidised glutathione concentrations following mercury treatment. It is suggested that the reduction in GSH concentration may be due to its involvement in the synthesis of phytochelatins which may detoxify the heavy metals. C1 US ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD. RP AGRAWAL, SB (reprint author), BANARAS HINDU UNIV,CTR ADV STUDY BOT,VARANASI 221005,UTTAR PRADESH,INDIA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FACULTY PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 88 REGENT ST, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB2 1DP SN 0026-2633 J9 MICROBIOS JI Microbios PY 1993 VL 76 IS 309 BP 223 EP 229 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MU625 UT WOS:A1993MU62500002 ER PT J AU TOMITA, B HSE, CY AF TOMITA, B HSE, CY TI SYNTHESES AND STRUCTURAL-ANALYSES OF COCONDENSED RESINS FROM UREA AND METHYLOLPHENOLS SO MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI LA Japanese DT Article DE COCONDENSATION; UREA; PHENOL; FORMALDEHYDE; C-13-NMR AB The reactions of urea with polymethylolphenol mixtures in acidic states were investigated by changing the reaction conditions such as the molar ratio and acidity. The cocondensates were analyzed with carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance (C-13-NMR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The quantity of each chemical structure in the cocondensates was normalized and represented to phenolic (P) nuclear as the molar ratio. The ratios of urea (U) incorporated into the cocondensates, the ratios of cocondensation, and the degrees of condensations were determined as were the degrees of substitutions of phenol nuclear and urea residues. The results were as follows: 1) The reactions with the larger molar ratios of U/P were found to decrease self-condensed units effectively. 2) A improved method, using the gradual addition of a methylolphenol solution to that of urea saved in amount of urea to a great extent in attaining a larger incorporation ratio of urea. 3) A greater reactivity was recognized in p-methylol groups than in o-methylol groups for the cocondensations with urea. 4) The less the reaction pH, the cocondensations became faster. No significant differences could be observed in the structural compositions by differences of pH between 2.0 and 4.0. 5) In the water-soluble parts of the reactants, the large amounts of sodium sulfate and low-molecular-weight cocondensed compounds were recognized as well as unreacted urea. C1 US FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN, PINEVILLE, LA 71360 USA. RP TOMITA, B (reprint author), UNIV TSUKUBA, INST AGR & FOREST ENGN, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI 305, JAPAN. NR 6 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN WOOD RES SOC PI TOKYO PA 1-1-17, MUKOGAOKA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0023, JAPAN SN 0021-4795 EI 1880-7577 J9 MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI JI Mokuzai Gakkaishi PY 1993 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1276 EP 1284 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA MP339 UT WOS:A1993MP33900010 ER PT J AU CHEN, ZJ MUTHUKRISHNAN, S LIANG, GH SCHERTZ, KF HART, GE AF CHEN, ZJ MUTHUKRISHNAN, S LIANG, GH SCHERTZ, KF HART, GE TI A CHLOROPLAST DNA DELETION LOCATED IN RNA-POLYMERASE GENE RPOC2 IN CMS LINES OF SORGHUM SO MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE CHLOROPLAST; RNA POLYMERASE; DELETION; CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY; SORGHUM ID CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; BINDING PROTEINS; LEUCINE ZIPPER; BRASSICA-NAPUS; MALE-FERTILITY; MAIZE AB Fertile lines of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) were shown to differ from cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines by the presence of a 3.8 kb HindIII chloroplast DNA fragment in the former and a smaller (3.7 kb) fragment in the latter. DNA/DNA hybridization studies showed that these two fragments are homologous. Fertile plants from S. versicolor, S. almum, S. halepense, and Sorghastrum nutans (Yellow Indiangrass) also have the 3.8 kb fragment, and CMS lines studied containing Al, A2 and A3 cytoplasms have the 3.7 kb fragment. The size difference between the two fragments was localized to a 1.0 kb SacI-HindIII fragment by restriction mapping. A 165 bp deletion, which is flanked by a 51 bp tandem repeat, was identified in the CMS lines by sequencing the clones. Comparison of the two sequences with those from maize, rice, tobacco, spinach. pea, and liverwort revealed that the deleted sequence is located in the middle of the RNA polymerase beta'' subunit encoded by the gene rpoC2. The amino acid sequence deleted in the CMS lines is in a monocot-specific region which contains two protein motifs that are characteristic of several transcriptional activation factors, namely, a leucine zipper motif and an acidic domain capable of forming an amphipathic alpha-helix. Further studies designed to determine whether or not the deletion is involved in CMS of sorghum are underway. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP CHEN, ZJ (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,USDA ARS,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 59 TC 15 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0026-8925 J9 MOL GEN GENET JI Mol. Gen. Genet. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 236 IS 2-3 BP 251 EP 259 DI 10.1007/BF00277120 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA KK985 UT WOS:A1993KK98500014 PM 8437572 ER PT J AU LIU, ZJ SZABO, LJ BUSHNELL, WR AF LIU, ZJ SZABO, LJ BUSHNELL, WR TI MOLECULAR-CLONING AND ANALYSIS OF ABUNDANT AND STAGE-SPECIFIC MESSENGER-RNAS FROM PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE GERMINATION; WHEAT STEM RUST ID RUST FUNGUS; GENE; PROTEIN; DNA; SCHIZOPHYLLUM; SEQUENCES; FRAGMENTS; MEMBRANE AB To characterize highly expressed mRNAs from germinated urediniospores of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, we isolated 68 cDNA clones of abundant mRNA species belonging to at least six homology groups. The two most abundant homology groups, HG1 and HG2, contained 54 of the 68 cDNA clones and accounted for 2.4 and 0.6% of the poly(A)+ RNA in germinated urediniospores, respectively. By sampling different developmental stages of the uredinial cycle, we showed that the uam transcript, corresponding to HG2, accumulated in all stages of hyphal and urediniospore development, whereas the accumulation of usp transcript, corresponding to HG1, was specific to the sporulation stage. Southern blot analysis indicated that usp is a small gene family consisting of three to four members. Sequence analysis of 10 cDNA clones indicated that two different members of the usp gene family were expressed in germinated urediniospores. This gene family encodes small hydrophobic polypeptides of 113 amino acids with an unusual amino acid composition, in that alanine, glycine, leucine, and proline represent 48% of the protein. These polypeptides are predicted to be localized extracellular because they contain a putative signal sequence and may be functionally related to hydrophobins, a family of small hydrophobic proteins abundantly expressed during sporulation in Schizophyllum commune and Aspergillus nidulans. The uam and usp genes deserve further investigation, including isolation of genomic clones. The regulatory regions of the uam gene, which is highly expressed in hyphae, may be useful in the construction of a transformation vector for rust fungi. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 6 IS 1 BP 84 EP 91 DI 10.1094/MPMI-6-084 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA KR503 UT WOS:A1993KR50300010 PM 8439672 ER PT J AU SPAINE, PC KANEKO, S AF SPAINE, PC KANEKO, S TI SPORE EXUDATES AND OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING GERMINATION TYPE OF CRONARTIUM-QUERCUUM F SP FUSIFORME BASIDIOSPORES SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE BASIDIOSPORES; CRONARTIUM-QUERCUUM F SP FUSIFORME; DIRECT GERMINATION; INDIRECT GERMINATION; SPORE EXUDATES; UREDINALES ID RUST AB Basidiospores of Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme were germinated under different conditions of agar concentration, pH, washing times, and spore exudate concentrations. At agar concentrations of 0.05-3% the percentage of washed spores that germinated directly, i.e., produced germ tubes, was significantly different from the percentage of unwashed spores that germinated directly. Ninety-nine percent of the washed spores germinated directly at all agar concentrations, while only 4-11% of unwashed (directly cast) basidiospores germinated directly. On pH 3 agar, germination of directly cast basidiospores was only 2%, but 98% of germinating spores germinated directly (produced germ tubes). On pH 4-11 agar, spore germination varied from 70-90% and was predominantly indirect (forming secondary basidiospores). When spores were washed in water at pH 2.2 or pH 5.5 for 2 or 5 min, percent direct germination was 10 times greater than those spores not washed with water. More than 95% of spores germinated directly after 30-min washing with water at either pH 2.2 or 5.5. Both spore exudates washed from the spores and those produced during germination were collected and reapplied to the spores. These applications increased the percentage of direct germination in directly cast spores but did not alter germination type in washed spores. The exudates inhibited germ tube length in both directly cast and washed basidiospores. C1 FOREST & FOREST PROD RES INST,FOREST PATHOL LAB,KUKIZAKI,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. RP SPAINE, PC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,320 GREEN ST,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.2307/3760477 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA KT625 UT WOS:A1993KT62500007 ER PT J AU MULLANEY, EJ AF MULLANEY, EJ TI SURVEY OF THE ASPERGILLUS-NIGER GROUP FOR DNA-SEQUENCES CROSS HYBRIDIZING TO THE 5 PRIME REGION OF THE FUNGAL PHYTASE GENE SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Note DE ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; DNA CROSS HYBRIDIZATION; PHYTASE ID GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS RP MULLANEY, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 1 BP 71 EP 73 DI 10.2307/3760480 PG 3 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA KT625 UT WOS:A1993KT62500010 ER PT J AU KLICH, MA AF KLICH, MA TI MORPHOLOGICAL-STUDIES OF ASPERGILLUS SECTION VERSICOLORES AND RELATED SPECIES SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ASPERGILLUS-VERSICOLOR GROUP; A-ALLAHABADII; A-AMBIGUUS; A-AMYLOVORUS; A-ASPERESCENS; A-CAESPITOSUS; A-CRYSTALLINUS; A-ELONGATUS; A-FLORIFORMIS; A-GORAKHPURENSIS; A-GRANULOSUS; A-JANUS VAR JANUS; A-JANUS VAR BREVIS; A-LUCKNOWENSIS; A-MALODORATUS; A-MICROCYSTICUS; A-PEYRONELII; A-PULVINUS; A-PROTUBERUS; A-PSEUDODEFLECTUS; A-SILVATICUS; A-SPELUNEUS; A-SYDOWII; A-TARDUS; A-VARIANS; A-VERSICOLOR; HYPHOMYCETE TAXONOMY AB Twenty-four species placed in Aspergillus section Versicolores were examined for macromorphological and micromorphological characteristics. Based on these characters, an identification key to the species was created. A cluster analysis of the data indicated that five of the species, A. silvaticus, A. speluneus, A. floriformis, A. pseudodeflectus, and A. pulvinus were only weakly aligned with other members of the section. RP KLICH, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 1 BP 100 EP 107 DI 10.2307/3760484 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA KT625 UT WOS:A1993KT62500014 ER PT J AU HOWARD, KM SMART, MG BOTHAST, RJ AF HOWARD, KM SMART, MG BOTHAST, RJ TI A NOVEL METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING NEW CONIDIA IN SUBMERGED LIQUID CULTURE SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Note DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; MYCOHERBICIDE; NILE RED ID NILE RED; SPORULATION RP HOWARD, KM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 1 BP 127 EP 130 DI 10.2307/3760488 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA KT625 UT WOS:A1993KT62500018 ER PT J AU SAMUELS, GJ BARR, ME LOWEN, R AF SAMUELS, GJ BARR, ME LOWEN, R TI REVISION OF SCHIZOPARME (DIAPORTHALES, MELANCONIDACEAE) SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article ID FUNGI AB Schizoparme is found to be a genus of the Diaporthales, family Melanconidaceae. Gnomoniella destruens and Nectriella versoniana are recombined in Schizoparme. The new species S. angustispora, S. botrytidis, S. stromatica, and S. terminaliae are proposed. Coniella castaneicola is the anamorph of S. straminea; C. granati is the anamorph of S. versoniana. The anamorph of S. stromatica is possibly a species of Coniella. C1 NEW YORK BOT GARDEN,BRONX,NY 10458. RP SAMUELS, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT BOT & ECOL LAB,RM 304,BLDG 011A,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 46 BP 459 EP 483 PG 25 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA KL006 UT WOS:A1993KL00600051 ER PT J AU MAHALOVICH, MF AF MAHALOVICH, MF TI GENETIC GAP ANALYSIS - AN APPROACH TO CONSERVING GENETIC DIVERSITY SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Note RP MAHALOVICH, MF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,310 W WISCONSIN AVE,MILWAUKEE,WI 54203, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 42 EP 43 PG 2 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA KL019 UT WOS:A1993KL01900006 ER PT B AU KLEIN, MG AF KLEIN, MG BE Bedding, R Akhurst, R Kaya, H TI BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF SCARABS WITH ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES SO NEMATODES AND THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIX International Congress of Entomology: Entomogenous Nematodes for Biological Control, and Entompathogenic Nematode/Bacterium Symbioses CY JUL, 1992 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA C1 USDA ARS,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,HORT INSECTS RES LAB,WOOSTER,OH 44691. NR 0 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PI EAST MELBOURNE PA PO BOX 89 (EAST ALBERT ST), EAST MELBOURNE 3002, AUSTRALIA BN 0-643-05479-0 PY 1993 BP 49 EP 57 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BA02L UT WOS:A1993BA02L00007 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, AF HEALD, CM AF ROBINSON, AF HEALD, CM TI MOVEMENT OF ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS THROUGH SAND AND AGAR IN RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE, AND SOME OBSERVATIONS ON VERTICAL DESCENT SO NEMATOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE MIGRATION; PARTICLE SIZE; ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS; THERMOTAXIS; VERTICAL MOVEMENT ID NEMATODE THERMOTAXIS; SOIL AB The movement of vermiform stages of Rotyknchulus reniformis in response to a temperature gradient of 1-degrees-C per cm was investigated in 4 cm diam tubes containing 0.75% water agar or moist sand graded to 150-250 mum and 250-425 mum particle sizes. Nematodes previously stored at 30-degrees-C exhibited a temperature preferendum, or eccritic temperature, of 30-degrees-C and nematodes stored at 17-degrees-C exhibited a preferendum of 23-degrees-C in both matrices. In sand of 250-425 mum particle size, most nematodes moved 10 cm downward within 17 h. Rapid downward movement occurred regardless of moisture content or moisture gradient direction. Only living nematodes moved downward and 90% of 1,000 live nematodes that were videotaped as they descended in a narrow channel of water descended in a head downward postition. RP ROBINSON, AF (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 805,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU E J BRILL PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0028-2596 J9 NEMATOLOGICA JI Nematologica PD JAN PY 1993 VL 39 IS 1 BP 92 EP 103 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA KL434 UT WOS:A1993KL43400007 ER PT J AU MOYA, S ACKERMAN, JD AF MOYA, S ACKERMAN, JD TI VARIATION IN THE FLORAL FRAGRANCE OF EPIDENDRUM-CILIARE (ORCHIDACEAE) SO NORDIC JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID POLLINATION ECOLOGY; PLATANTHERA-STRICTA; SCHLTR ORCHIDACEAE AB Variation in floral fragrance compounds might be a pollination strategy that disrupts associative learning processes and inhibits pollinator's ability to recognize non-rewarding flowers. Floral fragrances of the nectarless, moth-pollinated Epidendrum ciliare (Orchidaceae) were obtained from plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Fragrances were collected by passive diffusion on tenax adsorbent and analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The analysis was performed at six different levels: 1) by flower position on the same inflorescence; 2) by flower age on the same plant; 3) by position and age of the flower in the same plant; 4) by different shoots of the same plant; 5) by flowers from different plants; 6) and by plants from different populations. At no level of analyses were fragrances of sample pairs identical. The greatest similarity among fragrances was between flowers of the same plant. The most notable differences were between flowers of different populations. High levels of floral fragrance variation were consistent with the hypothesized deception pollination syndrome, but comparisons with reward-producing flowers remain to be done. C1 UNIV PUERTO RICO,DEPT BIOL,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00931. RP MOYA, S (reprint author), USDA,INST TROP FORESTRY,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. NR 33 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 8 PU NORDIC JOURNAL OF BOTANY PI COPENHAGEN K PA THE SECRETARY BOTANICAL MUSEUM GOTHERSGADE 130, DK-1123 COPENHAGEN K, DENMARK SN 0107-055X J9 NORD J BOT JI Nord. J. Bot. PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1111/j.1756-1051.1993.tb00009.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KW409 UT WOS:A1993KW40900005 ER PT J AU JACOB, RA AF JACOB, RA TI CLASSIC HUMAN VITAMIN-C DEPLETION EXPERIMENTS - HOMEOSTASIS AND REQUIREMENT FOR VITAMIN-C SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY; STEADY-STATE TURNOVER; BODY POOL; METABOLISM; MEN RP JACOB, RA (reprint author), PRESIDIO SAN FRANCISCO,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,USDA,ARS,SAN FRANCISCO,CA, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 9 IS 1 BP 74 EP & PG 0 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LC342 UT WOS:A1993LC34200020 PM 8467117 ER PT S AU EVANS, WJ AF EVANS, WJ BE Simopoulo, AP Pavlou, KN TI EXERCISE AND PROTEIN-METABOLISM SO NUTRITION AND FITNESS FOR ATHLETES SE WORLD REVIEW OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NUTRITION AND FITNESS CY MAY 23-25, 1992 CL OLYMPIC ATHLETIC CTR ATHENS SPYROS LOUIS, ATHENS, GREECE SP INT OLYMP ACAD, FAO, WHO HO OLYMPIC ATHLETIC CTR ATHENS SPYROS LOUIS RP EVANS, WJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA BASEL SN 0084-2230 BN 3-8055-5707-8 J9 WORLD REV NUTR DIET JI World Rev.Nutr.Diet. PY 1993 VL 71 BP 21 EP 33 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics; Sport Sciences GA BY22C UT WOS:A1993BY22C00003 PM 8503224 ER PT J AU SALBE, AD MORRIS, VC LEVANDER, OA AF SALBE, AD MORRIS, VC LEVANDER, OA TI SELENIUM CONTENT OF RAT HAIR, NAILS, AND OTHER TISSUES AS AFFECTED BY CONCURRENT EXPOSURE TO TOXIC ELEMENTS SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SELENIUM STATUS; TOXIC ELEMENTS; HEAVY METALS; TISSUE SELENIUM LEVELS; SELENATE ID BREAST-CANCER; TOENAILS; HUMANS; DIET AB Because selenium (Se) compounds may have anticarcinogenic properties, noninvasive techniques to monitor Se status are needed. Hair and nails have been suggested, but earlier work by us showed that their Se content is a function of the amount ingested, chemical form, methionine intake, and growth rate. Here we report that the Se in hair and nails can also be influenced by the concurrent intake of certain toxic elements. Male weanling rats were fed diets containing 2.0 ppm Se as Na2SeO4 for 4 weeks. Elements were added to the water of 5 groups of rats as follows: none, 10 ppm As as sodium arsenite, 10 ppm Hg as mercuric chloride, 10 ppm Tl as thallium acetate, and 10 ppm Cd as cadmium chloride. Control rats received diets containing 0.1 ppm Se as Na2SeO4 and distilled water. Hair and nail Se levels were significantly decreased by administration of As, and As decreased red cell, plasma, and kidney Se contents as well. In contrast, Hg decreased hair and nail, but increased plasma, liver, muscle, bone, colon, and kidney Se contents. Tl decreased hair but increased liver and kidney Se content. Cd had no effect on hair or nail Se content but decreased red cell Se levels. Toxic elements have tissue-specific effects on body pools of Se that are not well-reflected in changes of hair and nail Se contents. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, VIT & MINERAL NUTR LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80653-0 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KG560 UT WOS:A1993KG56000003 ER PT J AU ROUBENOFF, R RALL, LC AF ROUBENOFF, R RALL, LC TI HUMORAL MEDIATION OF CHANGING BODY-COMPOSITION DURING AGING AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID DOSE CORTICOSTEROIDS PERSIST; LYMPHOCYTE-T SUBPOPULATIONS; MAXIMAL PHYSICAL EXERCISE; TOTAL PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; HUMAN GROWTH-HORMONE; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; 2 PRODUCTION INVITRO; INTERLEUKIN-1 IL 1; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; TRIGLYCERIDE CONCENTRATIONS AB A decline in lean body mass and an accompanying increase in fat mass are known to occur during aging. The consequences of these changes in body composition may include decreased strength and physical activity, altered energy metabolism, and impaired resistance to infection. The mechanisms behind these age-related events remain unknown, but they may include changes in some of the hormonal and cytokine mediators that seem to regulate body composition. The common inflammatory condition rheumatoid arthritis could provide a useful model of these phenomena dissociated from chronological aging. This article reviews changes in neuroendocrine and immune modulators of metabolism and their consequences during aging and chronic inflammation. RP ROUBENOFF, R (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 83 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 51 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KL645 UT WOS:A1993KL64500001 PM 8446301 ER PT J AU ROUBENOFF, R EVANS, WJ AF ROUBENOFF, R EVANS, WJ TI EXERCISE AND LEAN WEIGHT SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Letter ID STRENGTH C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP ROUBENOFF, R (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 51 IS 1 BP 25 EP 25 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KL645 UT WOS:A1993KL64500008 PM 8446308 ER PT B AU CLARK, FB AF CLARK, FB BE Loftis, DL McGee, CE TI AN HISTORICAL-PERSPECTIVE OF OAK REGENERATION SO OAK REGENERATION: SERIOUS PROBLEMS, PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHEASTERN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oak Regeneration: Serious Problems, Practical Recommendations CY SEP 08-10, 1992 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP USDA FOREST SERV, SO REG, USDA FOREST SERV, SE FOREST EXPT STN, USDA FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN C1 US FOREST SERV,ANNANDALE,VA 22003. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SE FOREST EXPT STN PI ASHEVILLE PA PO BOX 2680, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802 J9 USDA SOUTHE PY 1993 VL 84 BP 3 EP 13 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BZ64W UT WOS:A1993BZ64W00001 ER PT B AU CECICH, RA AF CECICH, RA BE Loftis, DL McGee, CE TI FLOWERING AND OAK REGENERATION SO OAK REGENERATION: SERIOUS PROBLEMS, PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHEASTERN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oak Regeneration: Serious Problems, Practical Recommendations CY SEP 08-10, 1992 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP USDA FOREST SERV, SO REG, USDA FOREST SERV, SE FOREST EXPT STN, USDA FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SE FOREST EXPT STN PI ASHEVILLE PA PO BOX 2680, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802 J9 USDA SOUTHE PY 1993 VL 84 BP 79 EP 95 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BZ64W UT WOS:A1993BZ64W00006 ER PT B AU BECK, DE AF BECK, DE BE Loftis, DL McGee, CE TI ACORNS AND OAK REGENERATION SO OAK REGENERATION: SERIOUS PROBLEMS, PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHEASTERN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oak Regeneration: Serious Problems, Practical Recommendations CY SEP 08-10, 1992 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP USDA FOREST SERV, SO REG, USDA FOREST SERV, SE FOREST EXPT STN, USDA FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ASHEVILLE,NC 28806. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SE FOREST EXPT STN PI ASHEVILLE PA PO BOX 2680, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802 J9 USDA SOUTHE PY 1993 VL 84 BP 96 EP 104 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BZ64W UT WOS:A1993BZ64W00007 ER PT J AU OAK, SW AF OAK, SW BE Loftis, DL McGee, CE TI INSECTS AND DISEASES AFFECTING OAK REGENERATION SUCCESS SO OAK REGENERATION: SERIOUS PROBLEMS, PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHEASTERN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oak Regeneration: Serious Problems, Practical Recommendations CY SEP 08-10, 1992 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP USDA FOREST SERV, SO REG, USDA FOREST SERV, SE FOREST EXPT STN, USDA FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN C1 US FOREST SERV,ASHEVILLE,NC 28802. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SE FOREST EXPT STN PI ASHEVILLE PA PO BOX 2680, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802 J9 USDA SOUTHE PY 1993 VL 84 BP 105 EP 111 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BZ64W UT WOS:A1993BZ64W00008 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, PS AF JOHNSON, PS BE Loftis, DL McGee, CE TI SOURCES OF OAK REPRODUCTION SO OAK REGENERATION: SERIOUS PROBLEMS, PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHEASTERN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oak Regeneration: Serious Problems, Practical Recommendations CY SEP 08-10, 1992 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP USDA FOREST SERV, SO REG, USDA FOREST SERV, SE FOREST EXPT STN, USDA FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SE FOREST EXPT STN PI ASHEVILLE PA PO BOX 2680, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802 J9 USDA SOUTHE PY 1993 VL 84 BP 112 EP 131 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BZ64W UT WOS:A1993BZ64W00009 ER PT B AU LOFTIS, DL AF LOFTIS, DL BE Loftis, DL McGee, CE TI PREDICTING OAK REGENERATION - STATE-OF-THE-ART SO OAK REGENERATION: SERIOUS PROBLEMS, PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHEASTERN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oak Regeneration: Serious Problems, Practical Recommendations CY SEP 08-10, 1992 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP USDA FOREST SERV, SO REG, USDA FOREST SERV, SE FOREST EXPT STN, USDA FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ASHEVILLE,NC 28806. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SE FOREST EXPT STN PI ASHEVILLE PA PO BOX 2680, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802 J9 USDA SOUTHE PY 1993 VL 84 BP 134 EP 137 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BZ64W UT WOS:A1993BZ64W00010 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, RI DEEN, RT AF JOHNSON, RI DEEN, RT BE Loftis, DL McGee, CE TI PREDICTION OF OAK REGENERATION IN BOTTOMLAND FORESTS SO OAK REGENERATION: SERIOUS PROBLEMS, PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHEASTERN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oak Regeneration: Serious Problems, Practical Recommendations CY SEP 08-10, 1992 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP USDA FOREST SERV, SO REG, USDA FOREST SERV, SE FOREST EXPT STN, USDA FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN C1 US FOREST SERV,LELAND,MS 38756. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SE FOREST EXPT STN PI ASHEVILLE PA PO BOX 2680, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802 J9 USDA SOUTHE PY 1993 VL 84 BP 146 EP 155 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BZ64W UT WOS:A1993BZ64W00012 ER PT J AU MARQUIS, DA TWERY, MJ AF MARQUIS, DA TWERY, MJ BE Loftis, DL McGee, CE TI DECISION-MAKING FOR NATURAL REGENERATION IN THE NORTHERN FOREST ECOSYSTEM SO OAK REGENERATION: SERIOUS PROBLEMS, PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHEASTERN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oak Regeneration: Serious Problems, Practical Recommendations CY SEP 08-10, 1992 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP USDA FOREST SERV, SO REG, USDA FOREST SERV, SE FOREST EXPT STN, USDA FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN C1 US FOREST SERV,HOMOSASSA,FL 34446. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SE FOREST EXPT STN PI ASHEVILLE PA PO BOX 2680, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802 J9 USDA SOUTHE PY 1993 VL 84 BP 156 EP 171 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BZ64W UT WOS:A1993BZ64W00013 ER PT J AU SANDER, IL GRANEY, DL AF SANDER, IL GRANEY, DL BE Loftis, DL McGee, CE TI REGENERATING OAKS IN THE CENTRAL STATES SO OAK REGENERATION: SERIOUS PROBLEMS, PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHEASTERN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oak Regeneration: Serious Problems, Practical Recommendations CY SEP 08-10, 1992 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP USDA FOREST SERV, SO REG, USDA FOREST SERV, SE FOREST EXPT STN, USDA FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN C1 US FOREST SERV,COLUMBIA,MO 65202. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SE FOREST EXPT STN PI ASHEVILLE PA PO BOX 2680, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802 J9 USDA SOUTHE PY 1993 VL 84 BP 174 EP 183 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BZ64W UT WOS:A1993BZ64W00014 ER PT J AU LLOYD, FT WALDROP, TA AF LLOYD, FT WALDROP, TA BE Loftis, DL McGee, CE TI RELATIVE GROWTH OF OAKS AND PINES IN NATURAL MIXTURES ON INTERMEDIATE TO XERIC PIEDMONT SITES SO OAK REGENERATION: SERIOUS PROBLEMS, PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHEASTERN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oak Regeneration: Serious Problems, Practical Recommendations CY SEP 08-10, 1992 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP USDA FOREST SERV, SO REG, USDA FOREST SERV, SE FOREST EXPT STN, USDA FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,CLEMSON,SC 29634. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SE FOREST EXPT STN PI ASHEVILLE PA PO BOX 2680, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802 J9 USDA SOUTHE PY 1993 VL 84 BP 196 EP 201 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BZ64W UT WOS:A1993BZ64W00016 ER PT B AU LOFTIS, DL AF LOFTIS, DL BE Loftis, DL McGee, CE TI REGENERATING NORTHERN RED OAK ON HIGH-QUALITY SITES IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS SO OAK REGENERATION: SERIOUS PROBLEMS, PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHEASTERN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oak Regeneration: Serious Problems, Practical Recommendations CY SEP 08-10, 1992 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP USDA FOREST SERV, SO REG, USDA FOREST SERV, SE FOREST EXPT STN, USDA FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ASHEVILLE,NC 28806. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SE FOREST EXPT STN PI ASHEVILLE PA PO BOX 2680, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802 J9 USDA SOUTHE PY 1993 VL 84 BP 202 EP 210 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BZ64W UT WOS:A1993BZ64W00017 ER PT J AU SMITH, HC AF SMITH, HC BE Loftis, DL McGee, CE TI REGENERATING OAKS IN THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS SO OAK REGENERATION: SERIOUS PROBLEMS, PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHEASTERN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oak Regeneration: Serious Problems, Practical Recommendations CY SEP 08-10, 1992 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP USDA FOREST SERV, SO REG, USDA FOREST SERV, SE FOREST EXPT STN, USDA FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,PARSONS,WV 26287. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SE FOREST EXPT STN PI ASHEVILLE PA PO BOX 2680, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802 J9 USDA SOUTHE PY 1993 VL 84 BP 211 EP 221 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BZ64W UT WOS:A1993BZ64W00018 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, HE AF KENNEDY, HE BE Loftis, DL McGee, CE TI ARTIFICIAL REGENERATION OF BOTTOMLAND OAKS SO OAK REGENERATION: SERIOUS PROBLEMS, PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHEASTERN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oak Regeneration: Serious Problems, Practical Recommendations CY SEP 08-10, 1992 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP USDA FOREST SERV, SO REG, USDA FOREST SERV, SE FOREST EXPT STN, USDA FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SE FOREST EXPT STN PI ASHEVILLE PA PO BOX 2680, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802 J9 USDA SOUTHE PY 1993 VL 84 BP 241 EP 249 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BZ64W UT WOS:A1993BZ64W00020 ER PT B AU MILLER, JH AF MILLER, JH BE Loftis, DL McGee, CE TI OAK PLANTATION ESTABLISHMENT USING MECHANICAL, BURNING, AND HERBICIDE TREATMENTS SO OAK REGENERATION: SERIOUS PROBLEMS, PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHEASTERN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oak Regeneration: Serious Problems, Practical Recommendations CY SEP 08-10, 1992 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP USDA FOREST SERV, SO REG, USDA FOREST SERV, SE FOREST EXPT STN, USDA FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN C1 AUBURN UNIV,USDA FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SE FOREST EXPT STN PI ASHEVILLE PA PO BOX 2680, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802 J9 USDA SOUTHE PY 1993 VL 84 BP 264 EP 289 PG 26 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BZ64W UT WOS:A1993BZ64W00022 ER PT J AU BONNER, FT AF BONNER, FT BE Loftis, DL McGee, CE TI COLLECTION AND CARE OF ACORNS SO OAK REGENERATION: SERIOUS PROBLEMS, PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHEASTERN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oak Regeneration: Serious Problems, Practical Recommendations CY SEP 08-10, 1992 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP USDA FOREST SERV, SO REG, USDA FOREST SERV, SE FOREST EXPT STN, USDA FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,STARKVILLE,MS 39759. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SE FOREST EXPT STN PI ASHEVILLE PA PO BOX 2680, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802 J9 USDA SOUTHE PY 1993 VL 84 BP 290 EP 297 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BZ64W UT WOS:A1993BZ64W00023 ER PT J AU MCCONNELL, JL AF MCCONNELL, JL BE Loftis, DL McGee, CE TI THE USE OF TREE SHELTERS AND UNDERPLANTING FOR OAK REGENERATION SO OAK REGENERATION: SERIOUS PROBLEMS, PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT SOUTHEASTERN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Oak Regeneration: Serious Problems, Practical Recommendations CY SEP 08-10, 1992 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP USDA FOREST SERV, SO REG, USDA FOREST SERV, SE FOREST EXPT STN, USDA FOREST SERV, SO FOREST EXPT STN C1 US FOREST SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30367. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV SE FOREST EXPT STN PI ASHEVILLE PA PO BOX 2680, ASHEVILLE, NC 28802 J9 USDA SOUTHE PY 1993 VL 84 BP 298 EP 305 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BZ64W UT WOS:A1993BZ64W00024 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, A SMITH, DE PALMER, VJ SHEPARD, D PADHYE, N THERIAULT, C MORROW, F AF TAYLOR, A SMITH, DE PALMER, VJ SHEPARD, D PADHYE, N THERIAULT, C MORROW, F TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ACETONE, CATARACTS, AND ASCORBATE IN HAIRLESS GUINEA-PIGS SO OPHTHALMIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ACETONE; CATARACTS; ASCORBATE; VITAMIN-C ID HUMAN-BLOOD PLASMA; SENILE CATARACT; DIETARY-INTAKE; VITAMIN-C; ANTIOXIDANT AB Acetone is one of the most commonly used industrial solvents. Recent literature indicated that in guinea pigs, but not rabbits, acetone is cataractogenic and that elevated acetone exposure is also associated with depressed aqueous ascorbate levels. Other work indicated that aqueous and lens levels of ascorbate are closely linked and that depressed ascorbate status is related to cataract. Taken together, these papers suggested that acetone exposure, depressed ascorbate levels, and cataract are related, possibly causally. While the possibility that acetone is cataractogenic presented a major health concern, it also presented an opportunity to develop a new model of cataract in which hypotheses regarding anticataractogenic effects of ascorbate could be tested. Albino hairless guinea pigs are immunocompetent animals derived from albino Hartley guinea pigs. Animals were fed diets containing low (4.9 mg/day) and high (55 mg/day) levels of ascorbate. This resulted in distinct groups of animals, one with high tissue ascorbate levels and the other with low, but nonscorbutic ascorbate levels. The tissue levels of ascorbate and the relationship between tissue ascorbate levels and dietary intake indicate that with respect to ascorbate uptake, transport, and concentration. these animals are identical to the standard albino Hartley animals. Daily exposure to acetone was extended for 6 months, with a total applied dose of 65 ml. Absorption of the solvent was maximized by the use of hairless animals. Despite exposure of the animals to higher levels of acetone, in no case (n = 20) were cataracts observed over a 2-year period. This is consistent with results using rabbits. The data show that the hairless guinea pig is a fine model for studies in which ascorbate bioavailability is of importance. However, other models to test the cataractogenic potential of acetone and anticataract effects of ascorbate are needed. C1 TUFTS UNIV,DEPT COMPARAT BIOL & MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR EVALUAT LAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. CTR CLIN CATARACT RES,BOSTON,MA. RP TAYLOR, A (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR & VIS RES LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0030-3747 J9 OPHTHALMIC RES JI Ophthalmic Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 25 IS 1 BP 30 EP 35 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA KP551 UT WOS:A1993KP55100005 PM 8446366 ER PT J AU WIRTH, WW RATANAWORABHAN, NC AF WIRTH, WW RATANAWORABHAN, NC TI THE ORIENTAL BITING MIDGES OF THE GENUS ATRICHOPOGON RELATED TO DOLICHOHELEA-POLITA EDWARDS (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) SO ORIENTAL INSECTS LA English DT Article AB Dolichohelea Edwards, previously considered a subgenus of Atrichopogon Kieffer, is regarded as a species group of Atrichopogon, which is herein named the Atrichopogon politus Group. Dolichohelea becomes a junior synonym of Atrichopogon (New Synonym), and Atrichopogon politus (Edwards) is a New Combination. The A politus species group is diagnosed and a key is presented to the seven included Oriental species, including bicolor, sp. nov. and fusciscutellum, sp. nov. from Malaysia and the Philippines. A number of Atrichopogon species described by Tokunaga from the Philippines belong to the politus Group, but are not treated here because of limited available material, and their difficult taxonomy. Species of the hystricoides Group described by Debenham from Australia and New Guinea, and of the jacobsoni Group from the Oriental and Australasian Regions are apparently closely related and poorly differentiated from those of the politus Group. RP WIRTH, WW (reprint author), USDA,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOCIATED PUBLISHERS PI GAINESVILLE PA PO BOX 140103, GAINESVILLE, FL 32614-0103 SN 0030-5316 J9 ORIENT INSECTS JI Orient. Insects PY 1993 VL 27 BP 317 EP 334 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LA951 UT WOS:A1993LA95100019 ER PT J AU DAWSONHUGHES, B KRALL, EA HARRIS, S AF DAWSONHUGHES, B KRALL, EA HARRIS, S TI RISK-FACTORS FOR BONE LOSS IN HEALTHY POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON OSTEOPOROSIS CY NOV 05-07, 1991 CL KOBE, JAPAN ID HORMONE-REPLACEMENT THERAPY; POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; VITAMIN-D; CONTROLLED TRIAL; MINERAL DENSITY; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; BODY-WEIGHT; AGE RP DAWSONHUGHES, B (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,CALCIUM & BONE METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING, SURREY, ENGLAND GU7 3DJ SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PY 1993 VL 3 SU 1 BP S27 EP S31 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA KP881 UT WOS:A1993KP88100007 ER PT B AU THOMAS, JW AF THOMAS, JW BE Fenger, MA Miller, EH Johnson, JA Williams, EJR TI ADDRESSING THE RETENTION OF BIODIVERSITY IN NATIONAL FORESTS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO OUR LIVING LEGACY: PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biological Diversity CY 1991 CL ROYAL BRITISH COLUMBIA MUSEUM, VICTORIA, CANADA SP ROYAL BRI COLUMBIA MUSEUM, ASSOC BRIT COLUMBIA PROFESS FORESTERS, ASSOC PROFESS BIOLOGISTS BRIT COLUMBIA, BRIT COLUMBIA MINIST ENVIRONM, BROT COLUMBIA MINIST FORESTS, BRIT COLUMBIA MINIST PARKS, MACMILLAN BLOEDEL, SIERRA CLUB, UNIV BRIT COLUMBIA HO ROYAL BRITISH COLUMBIA MUSEUM C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY & RANGE SCI LAB,LA GRANDE,OR 97850. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL DANISH ACADEMY SCIENCES & LETTERS PI COPENHAGEN V PA H C ANDERSENS BLVD 35, DK-1553 COPENHAGEN V, DENMARK BN 0-7718-9355-8 PY 1993 BP 47 EP 63 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB44K UT WOS:A1993BB44K00004 ER PT B AU LEDIG, FT AF LEDIG, FT BE Fenger, MA Miller, EH Johnson, JA Williams, EJR TI SECRET EXTINCTIONS - THE LOSS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS SO OUR LIVING LEGACY: PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biological Diversity CY 1991 CL ROYAL BRITISH COLUMBIA MUSEUM, VICTORIA, CANADA SP ROYAL BRI COLUMBIA MUSEUM, ASSOC BRIT COLUMBIA PROFESS FORESTERS, ASSOC PROFESS BIOLOGISTS BRIT COLUMBIA, BRIT COLUMBIA MINIST ENVIRONM, BROT COLUMBIA MINIST FORESTS, BRIT COLUMBIA MINIST PARKS, MACMILLAN BLOEDEL, SIERRA CLUB, UNIV BRIT COLUMBIA HO ROYAL BRITISH COLUMBIA MUSEUM C1 US FOREST SERV,INST FOREST GENET,BERKELEY,CA 94701. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL DANISH ACADEMY SCIENCES & LETTERS PI COPENHAGEN V PA H C ANDERSENS BLVD 35, DK-1553 COPENHAGEN V, DENMARK BN 0-7718-9355-8 PY 1993 BP 127 EP 140 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB44K UT WOS:A1993BB44K00009 ER PT B AU SALWASSER, H AF SALWASSER, H BE Fenger, MA Miller, EH Johnson, JA Williams, EJR TI CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN THE UNITED-STATES SO OUR LIVING LEGACY: PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Biological Diversity CY 1991 CL ROYAL BRITISH COLUMBIA MUSEUM, VICTORIA, CANADA SP ROYAL BRI COLUMBIA MUSEUM, ASSOC BRIT COLUMBIA PROFESS FORESTERS, ASSOC PROFESS BIOLOGISTS BRIT COLUMBIA, BRIT COLUMBIA MINIST ENVIRONM, BROT COLUMBIA MINIST FORESTS, BRIT COLUMBIA MINIST PARKS, MACMILLAN BLOEDEL, SIERRA CLUB, UNIV BRIT COLUMBIA HO ROYAL BRITISH COLUMBIA MUSEUM C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL DANISH ACADEMY SCIENCES & LETTERS PI COPENHAGEN V PA H C ANDERSENS BLVD 35, DK-1553 COPENHAGEN V, DENMARK BN 0-7718-9355-8 PY 1993 BP 313 EP 337 PG 25 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB44K UT WOS:A1993BB44K00023 ER PT S AU RONINGEN, VO DIXIT, PM LEETMAA, S AF RONINGEN, VO DIXIT, PM LEETMAA, S BE Rae, AN TI UNITED-STATES AGRICULTURAL TRADE PROSPECTS IN EAST ASIA - IMPLICATIONS OF A FREE TRADE AREA SO PACIFIC RIM AGRICULTURE: OPPORTUNITIES, COMPETITIVENESS AND REFORMS: PROCEEDINGS AND PAPERS FOR THE FIFTH WORKSHOP OF THE AGRICULTURAL, TRADES AND DEVELOPMENT TASK FORCE OF THE PECC SE AGRICULTURAL POLICY PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop of the Agricultural-Trade-and-Development-Task-Force of the PECC - Pacific Rim Agriculture; Opportunities, Competitiveness and Reforms CY MAY 14-16, 1992 CL HONOLULU, HI SP PACIFIC ECON COOPERAT COUNCIL, TASK FORCE AGR POLICY TRADE & DEV C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSEY UNIV CENTRE AGRICULTURAL POLICY STUDIES PI PALMERSTON NORTH PA PALMERSTON NORTH, NEW ZEALAND SN 0111-6339 J9 AGR POLICY PY 1993 IS 17 BP 236 EP 254 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Economics; International Relations SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; International Relations GA BB99Z UT WOS:A1993BB99Z00016 ER PT S AU GUDMUNDS, K WEBB, A AF GUDMUNDS, K WEBB, A BE Rae, AN TI TOWARDS A PACIFIC RIM AGRICULTURAL DATA BANK SO PACIFIC RIM AGRICULTURE: OPPORTUNITIES, COMPETITIVENESS AND REFORMS: PROCEEDINGS AND PAPERS FOR THE FIFTH WORKSHOP OF THE AGRICULTURAL, TRADES AND DEVELOPMENT TASK FORCE OF THE PECC SE AGRICULTURAL POLICY PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop of the Agricultural-Trade-and-Development-Task-Force of the PECC - Pacific Rim Agriculture; Opportunities, Competitiveness and Reforms CY MAY 14-16, 1992 CL HONOLULU, HI SP PACIFIC ECON COOPERAT COUNCIL, TASK FORCE AGR POLICY TRADE & DEV C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSEY UNIV CENTRE AGRICULTURAL POLICY STUDIES PI PALMERSTON NORTH PA PALMERSTON NORTH, NEW ZEALAND SN 0111-6339 J9 AGR POLICY PY 1993 IS 17 BP 352 EP 362 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Economics; International Relations SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; International Relations GA BB99Z UT WOS:A1993BB99Z00021 ER PT J AU SEYBOLD, SJ WOOD, DL AF SEYBOLD, SJ WOOD, DL TI EXTENDED DEVELOPMENT OF POLYCAON-STOUTII (LECONTE) (COLEOPTERA, BOSTRICHIDAE) SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; POLYCAON-STOUTII; EXTENDED DEVELOPMENT; FRAXINUS-AMERICANA AB Polycaon stoutii (LeConte) adults emerged from wood cabinets 21 to 24.5 years after they were installed in homes. The cabinets were likely white ash, Fraxinus americana L. This represents the first record of this bostrichid from an eastern hardwood. RP SEYBOLD, SJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 69 IS 1 BP 33 EP 35 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LD530 UT WOS:A1993LD53000005 ER PT J AU SEYBOLD, SJ TUPY, JL AF SEYBOLD, SJ TUPY, JL TI ERNOBIUS-MOLLIS (L) (COLEOPTERA, ANOBIIDAE) ESTABLISHED IN CALIFORNIA SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; ERNOBIUS-MOLLIS; CALIFORNIA AB The bark anobiid, Ernobius mollis (L.), was collected in Oakland, California; thus providing the first unequivocal North American record of this species west of Texas. Adult and larval E. mollis were collected from a laboratory cage containing the originally infested branches over a nineteen-month period, and adults were observed in copulo, suggesting re-infestation of the same bark-covered wood. Because E. mollis is generally considered among pests of structures in Europe and the southern hemisphere, the literature pertaining to E. mollis is reviewed here in the event that it may assume economic importance in California. RP SEYBOLD, SJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 69 IS 1 BP 36 EP 40 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LD530 UT WOS:A1993LD53000006 ER PT J AU UNRUH, TR CONGDON, BD LAGASA, E AF UNRUH, TR CONGDON, BD LAGASA, E TI YPONOMEUTA-MALINELLUS ZELLER (LEPIDOPTERA, YPONOMEUTIDAE), A NEW IMMIGRANT PEST OF APPLES IN THE NORTHWEST - PHENOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION EXPANSION, WITH NOTES ON EFFICACY OF NATURAL ENEMIES SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; LEPIDOPTERA; YPONOMEUTA; INTRODUCED SPECIES; APPLE PEST; PREDATION AB Yponomeuta malinellus Zeller is a recent invader of the Pacific Northwest. Its southern and eastern spread from northwestern Washington was determined with pheromone trapping surveys. Given the broad distribution of Y. malinellus in Europe and its spread east through the Cascade Mountains and south into Oregon, we perceive there will be no barrier to its movement through Oregon into California. Low rates of parasitism in Washington contrast with high parasitism throughout its native home of temperate Eurasia. Sleeve-cage exclusion of predators showed that generalist predators caused 40-60% and 20-50% mortality of young larvae and cocooned larvae or pupae, respectively. Egg mass predation through August of 1989 varied between 10% and 60% at two localities. Maximum daily pheromone trap catch and egg mass densities monitored from 1988-1992 indicated populations were relatively stable in the original infestation area of northwestern Washington. RP UNRUH, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE INSECT RES UNIT,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 69 IS 1 BP 57 EP 70 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LD530 UT WOS:A1993LD53000009 ER PT J AU MINOR, JL SPRINGER, EL AF MINOR, JL SPRINGER, EL TI IMPROVED PENETRATION OF PULPING REAGENTS INTO WOOD SO PAPERI JA PUU-PAPER AND TIMBER LA English DT Article DE PEROXYMONOSULFATE; ALKALI SWELLING; HARDWOODS; ASPEN ID DELIGNIFICATION; PEROXYMONOSULFATE AB Pretreating hardwood chips or sticks with alkali increased the permeability of the wood and the rate of diffusion of water-soluble materials. Commercial-size hardwood (aspen, red alder, and red oak) chips were pulped with peroxymonosulfuric acid solutions to give bright pulps with very low lignin content, high viscosity, and kraft quality strength. The enhanced penetration effect was demonstrated using uniformly cut pieces of wood (primarily aspen, but also other species). The homogeneity of delignification through the wood structure was analyzed using the acetyl bromide procedure for lignin. Penetration and delignification were much more uniform for the pretreated specimens than for water-soaked controls. The mechanism of enhanced penetration is considered from the standpoint of chemistry and the effects on wood microstructure. The primary chemical action was probably saponification of esters. The intercellular region in wood was weakened preferentially. RP MINOR, JL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU FINNISH PAPER TIMBER PI HELSINKI HELSINGFORS 14 PA PIETARINKATU 1 C PETERSGATAN BOX 176, 00141 HELSINKI HELSINGFORS 14, FINLAND SN 0031-1243 J9 PAP PUU-PAP TIM JI Pap. Ja Puu-Pap. Timber PY 1993 VL 75 IS 4 BP 241 EP 246 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA LA504 UT WOS:A1993LA50400017 ER PT J AU LEVANDER, OA AGER, AL AF LEVANDER, OA AGER, AL TI MALARIAL PARASITES AND ANTIOXIDANT NUTRIENTS SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MALARIA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; LIPID PEROXIDATION; ANTIOXIDANT; PROOXIDANT; PLASMODIUM; VITAMIN-E; FISH OIL; SELENIUM; VITAMIN-C; RIBOFLAVIN; TOCOPHEROL; ASCORBIC ACID ID GLUTATHIONE-REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; E-DEFICIENT DIET; VITAMIN-E; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; FREE-RADICALS; ANTIMALARIAL ACTION; CEREBRAL MALARIA AB Susceptibility to oxidative stress is a well-established feature of the malarial parasite. Pharmacologists have taken advantage of this property to design highly effective pro-oxidant antimalarial drugs. Less well appreciated is the fact that nutritional manipulation of host oxidative stress status by dietary means can have a profound effect on the growth of the parasite. In particular, rapid induction of vitamin E deficiency in mice by feeding highly unsaturated fatty acids (fish oil) strongly suppresses plasmodial growth. Likewise, the status of other antioxidant nutrients (e.g., riboflavin or vitamin C) may also influence the course of malarial infection under certain conditions. A combined nutritional pharmacology approach may offer some promise in controlling malaria. C1 UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,CTR TROP PARASIT DIS,MIAMI,FL 33177. RP LEVANDER, OA (reprint author), US ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Torero, Rebeca/C-1703-2012 NR 100 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PY 1993 VL 107 SU S BP S95 EP S106 PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA MT331 UT WOS:A1993MT33100009 PM 8115190 ER PT J AU CHOBOTAR, B DANFORTH, HD ENTZEROTH, R AF CHOBOTAR, B DANFORTH, HD ENTZEROTH, R TI ULTRASTRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS OF HOST-CELL INVASION BY SPOROZOITES OF EIMERIA-PAPILLATA INVIVO SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; CULTURED-CELLS; PENETRATION; ERYTHROCYTE; APICOMPLEXA; PARASITES; JUNCTION; MOTILITY; INVITRO; MAGNA AB Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the invasion of mouse small-intestinal epithelium by sporozoites of Eimeria papillata. Some mice received oocysts by gavage and others received either sporocysts or sporozoites by direct injection into the small intestine. The highest concentration of invaded cells were found in ligated intestinal tissues studied at 5-45 min after the inoculation of sporozoites. Sporozoites actively invaded anterior end first, which resulted in extensive damage to the host cell. Such cells showed disrupted microvilli; protuberances of cytoplasm into the lumen, apparently the result of a disrupted plasma membrane; vacuolization of the cytoplasm; and damage to the mitochondria. These damaged cells were rapidly vacated as the sporozoite moved laterally into one or more adjacent intact host cells without entering the lumen. It is suggested that the host cell initially entered from the lumen becomes so severely traumatized that the parasite of necessity enters an adjacent cell as a prelude to further development. Various aspects of host-cell invasion by coccidia and malarial parasites are reviewed. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV BONN,INST ZOOL,W-5300 BONN 1,GERMANY. RP CHOBOTAR, B (reprint author), ANDREWS UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BERRIEN SPRINGS,MI 49104, USA. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0044-3255 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 79 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1007/BF00931212 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA KH994 UT WOS:A1993KH99400003 PM 8469667 ER PT S AU DUKE, SO MENN, JJ PLIMMER, JR AF DUKE, SO MENN, JJ PLIMMER, JR BE Duke, SO Menn, JJ Plimmer, JR TI CHALLENGES OF PEST-CONTROL WITH ENHANCED TOXICOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY - AN OVERVIEW SO PEST CONTROL WITH ENHANCED ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON PEST CONTROL WITH ENHANCED ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM RP DUKE, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2638-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 524 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BY02W UT WOS:A1993BY02W00001 ER PT S AU DUKE, SO LYDON, J AF DUKE, SO LYDON, J BE Duke, SO Menn, JJ Plimmer, JR TI NATURAL PHYTOTOXINS AS HERBICIDES SO PEST CONTROL WITH ENHANCED ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON PEST CONTROL WITH ENHANCED ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM RP DUKE, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2638-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 524 BP 110 EP 124 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BY02W UT WOS:A1993BY02W00009 ER PT S AU VAUGHN, JL AF VAUGHN, JL BE Duke, SO Menn, JJ Plimmer, JR TI VIRAL INSECTICIDES SO PEST CONTROL WITH ENHANCED ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SYMP ON PEST CONTROL WITH ENHANCED ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM RP VAUGHN, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2638-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 524 BP 239 EP 257 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BY02W UT WOS:A1993BY02W00017 ER PT S AU JENKINS, JN AF JENKINS, JN BE Duke, SO Menn, JJ Plimmer, JR TI USE OF BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS GENES IN TRANSGENIC COTTON TO CONTROL LEPIDOPTEROUS INSECTS SO PEST CONTROL WITH ENHANCED ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SYMP ON PEST CONTROL WITH ENHANCED ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM RP JENKINS, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2638-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 524 BP 267 EP 280 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BY02W UT WOS:A1993BY02W00019 ER PT S AU CHITWOOD, DJ AF CHITWOOD, DJ BE Duke, SO Menn, JJ Plimmer, JR TI NATURALLY-OCCURRING NEMATICIDES SO PEST CONTROL WITH ENHANCED ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SYMP ON PEST CONTROL WITH ENHANCED ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM RP CHITWOOD, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,NEMATOL LAB,BLDG 011A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Torero, Rebeca/C-1703-2012 NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2638-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 524 BP 300 EP 315 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BY02W UT WOS:A1993BY02W00021 ER PT S AU ROBERTS, DP FRAVEL, DR AF ROBERTS, DP FRAVEL, DR BE Duke, SO Menn, JJ Plimmer, JR TI STRATEGIES AND TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING BIOCONTROL OF SOILBORNE PLANT-PATHOGENS SO PEST CONTROL WITH ENHANCED ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON PEST CONTROL WITH ENHANCED ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM RP ROBERTS, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2638-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 524 BP 323 EP 331 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BY02W UT WOS:A1993BY02W00023 ER PT S AU RAGSDALE, NN HENRY, MJ SISLER, HD AF RAGSDALE, NN HENRY, MJ SISLER, HD BE Duke, SO Menn, JJ Plimmer, JR TI MINIMIZING NONTARGET EFFECTS OF FUNGICIDES SO PEST CONTROL WITH ENHANCED ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SYMP ON PEST CONTROL WITH ENHANCED ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM RP RAGSDALE, NN (reprint author), USDA,NATL AGR PESTICIDE IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2638-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 524 BP 332 EP 341 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BY02W UT WOS:A1993BY02W00024 ER PT J AU MORELAND, DE CORBIN, FT MCFARLAND, JE AF MORELAND, DE CORBIN, FT MCFARLAND, JE TI EFFECTS OF SAFENERS ON THE OXIDATION OF MULTIPLE SUBSTRATES BY GRAIN-SORGHUM MICROSOMES SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGHER-PLANTS; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; XENOBIOTIC METABOLISM; ARYL HYDROXYLATION; N-DEMETHYLATION; CYTOCHROME-P-450; WHEAT; INDUCTION; DICLOFOP; SHOOTS C1 CIBA GEIGY CORP,DEPT BIOCHEM,GREENSBORO,NC 27419. RP MORELAND, DE (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 45 IS 1 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1006/pest.1993.1006 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA KL044 UT WOS:A1993KL04400006 ER PT J AU HART, JJ DITOMASO, JM LINSCOTT, DL KOCHIAN, LV AF HART, JJ DITOMASO, JM LINSCOTT, DL KOCHIAN, LV TI INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE CATION SPECIFICITY AND METABOLIC REQUIREMENTS FOR PARAQUAT TRANSPORT IN ROOTS OF INTACT MAIZE SEEDLINGS SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAT LUNG; ACCUMULATION; POLYAMINES; PUTRESCINE C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP HART, JJ (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 45 IS 1 BP 62 EP 71 DI 10.1006/pest.1993.1008 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA KL044 UT WOS:A1993KL04400008 ER PT S AU BOTHAST, RJ SCHISLER, DA JACKSON, MA VANCAUWENBERGE, JE SLININGER, PJ AF BOTHAST, RJ SCHISLER, DA JACKSON, MA VANCAUWENBERGE, JE SLININGER, PJ BE Berger, PD Devisetty, BN Hall, FR TI USE OF PREGELATINIZED STARCH AND OTHER POLYSACCHARIDES FOR IMPROVED STORAGE AND EFFICACY OF BIOCONTROL AGENTS SO PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION SYSTEMS: 13TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems CY NOV 18-19, 1992 CL MIAMI, FL SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM PESTICIDE, SUBCOMM PESTICIDE FORMULAT & APPL S, YST DE BIOCONTROL; BIOHERBICIDE; FUNGI; BACTERIA; WEEDS; PLANT DISEASE FORMULATIONS; STORAGE; STARCH RP BOTHAST, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1888-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1993 VL 1183 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.1520/STP25123S PG 12 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Chemical; Entomology SC Agriculture; Engineering; Entomology GA BZ42G UT WOS:A1993BZ42G00004 ER PT S AU WING, RE CARR, ME DOANE, WM AF WING, RE CARR, ME DOANE, WM BE Berger, PD Devisetty, BN Hall, FR TI CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR STARCH ENCAPSULATED HERBICIDES SO PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION SYSTEMS: 13TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems CY NOV 18-19, 1992 CL MIAMI, FL SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM PESTICIDE, SUBCOMM PESTICIDE FORMULAT & APPL S, YST DE STARCH; ENCAPSULATION; HERBICIDES; SLOW RELEASE; EXTRUSION RP WING, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1888-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1993 VL 1183 BP 293 EP 299 DI 10.1520/STP25141S PG 7 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Chemical; Entomology SC Agriculture; Engineering; Entomology GA BZ42G UT WOS:A1993BZ42G00022 ER PT S AU LATHEEF, MA DAILEY, OD FRANZ, E AF LATHEEF, MA DAILEY, OD FRANZ, E BE Berger, PD Devisetty, BN Hall, FR TI EFFICACY OF POLYMERIC CONTROLLED-RELEASE FORMULATIONS OF SULPROFOS AGAINST TOBACCO BUDWORM, HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) ON COTTON SO PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION SYSTEMS: 13TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems CY NOV 18-19, 1992 CL MIAMI, FL SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM PESTICIDE, SUBCOMM PESTICIDE FORMULAT & APPL S, YST DE MICROENCAPSULATION; SULPROFOS; TOBACCO BUDWORM; CONTROLLED RELEASE; POLYMERIC CAPSULES RP LATHEEF, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,AERIAL APPLICAT RES UNIT,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1888-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1993 VL 1183 BP 300 EP 311 DI 10.1520/STP25142S PG 12 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Chemical; Entomology SC Agriculture; Engineering; Entomology GA BZ42G UT WOS:A1993BZ42G00023 ER PT J AU MASON, JR CLARK, L MILLER, TP AF MASON, JR CLARK, L MILLER, TP TI EVALUATION OF A PELLETED BAIT CONTAINING METHYL ANTHRANILATE AS A BIRD REPELLENT SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIMETHYL AB No-till agriculture involves the use of granular pesticide formulations, chemically treated seeds, and pelleted baits. Some of these may accidentally kill birds. We have tested whether methyl anthranilate (MA), a known bird repellent, would eliminate consumption of a pelleted bait. In two laboratory experiments and an outdoor aviary trial, cowbirds (Molothrus ater Bodd.) were presented with pellets containing pesticide and MA, pellets containing pesticide but no MA, and carrier pellets without pesticide or MA. Consumption of any formulation was low, but the addition of MA significantly decreased bait loss in the laboratory, and prevented the disappearance of bait in the outdoor trial. C1 AMER CYANAMID CO,DIV AGR RES,PRINCETON,NJ 08540. RP MASON, JR (reprint author), MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PY 1993 VL 39 IS 4 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.1002/ps.2780390408 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA MP340 UT WOS:A1993MP34000007 ER PT J AU CLARK, L CUMMINGS, J BIRD, S ARONOV, E AF CLARK, L CUMMINGS, J BIRD, S ARONOV, E TI ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE BIRD REPELLENT, METHYL ANTHRANILATE, TO FRY OF SALMO-SALAR, ONCORHYNUS-MYKISS, ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS AND LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DIMETHYL ANTHRANILATE; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; LIVESTOCK FEED AB Several laboratory and field studies have shown methyl anthranilate to be an effective, non-toxic and non-lethal bird repellent, with application potential for protecting crops, seeds, turf and fish stocks from bird damage. Furthermore, methyl anthranilate can be added to liquids for the purposes of protecting migratory birds, e.g. addition to waste water associated with mining and to standing water pools at airports. Mammalian toxicity data are favorable. Methyl anthranilate is used as a fragrance and food flavoring and is GRAS listed by the US Food and Drug Administration. Despite the favorable outlook for methyl anthranilate's use as a safe repellent, no data exist on its environmental fate and effects. We have tested the acute toxicity of methyl anthranilate in a static system against the fry of four species of fish. The LC50 at 24 h for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) was 32.3 mg liter-1, with the no observable effect limit at 6 mg liter-1. The LC50 at 24 h for rainbow trout (Oncorhynus mykiss Richardson) was 23.5 mg liter-1, with the no observable effect limit at 5 mg liter-1. The LC50 at 24 h for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Raf.) was estimated to be 20.1 mg liter-1, with the no observable effect limit at 7 mg liter-1. The LC50 at 24 h for bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus Raf.) was estimated to be 19.8 mg liter-1, with the no observable effect limit at 7 mg liter-1. C1 MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. USA,CTR ENVIRONM,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. RP CLARK, L (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER FED CTR,ANIM PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,ANIM DAMAGE CONTROL,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PY 1993 VL 39 IS 4 BP 313 EP 317 DI 10.1002/ps.2780390411 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA MP340 UT WOS:A1993MP34000010 ER PT J AU BLAND, JM EDWARDS, JV EATON, SR LAX, AR AF BLAND, JM EDWARDS, JV EATON, SR LAX, AR TI POTENTIAL OF NATURAL PEPTIDIC COMPOUNDS AS LEADS FOR NOVEL PESTICIDES SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHOLECYSTOKININ; CONFORMATION AB Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of the natural pesticidal peptide, tentoxin, are described in the context of similarity between pharmaceutical and agricultural methods of developing biologically active peptidomimetics. Essential residue substitutions that confer biological activity through predictable conformational changes in the peptide backbone and side chain functionalities are discussed. A combination of molecular modelling studies and the biological activity of natural, synthetic and photochemically transformed analogs of tentoxin is utilized to further the understanding of structural and conformational requirements for biological activity. C1 MARION MERRELL DOW RES INST,CINCINNATI,OH 45215. RP BLAND, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SRRC,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PY 1993 VL 39 IS 4 BP 331 EP 340 DI 10.1002/ps.2780390414 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA MP340 UT WOS:A1993MP34000013 ER PT J AU WADE, BR RIECHERS, DE LIEBL, RA WAX, LM AF WADE, BR RIECHERS, DE LIEBL, RA WAX, LM TI THE PLASMA-MEMBRANE AS A BARRIER TO HERBICIDE PENETRATION AND SITE FOR ADJUVANT ACTION SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON ADJUVANTS FOR AGROCHEMICALS CY AUG 03-07, 1992 CL CHURCHILL COLL, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP SOC CHEM IND, PESTICIDES GRP, PHYSICOCHEM & BIOPHYS PANEL HO CHURCHILL COLL ID PLANT-CELLS; HEMP DOGBANE; COMMON MILKWEED; ABSORPTION; GLYPHOSATE; TRANSPORT; LEAVES; SALTS; PH; METHYLAMMONIUM AB Adjuvants are traditionally thought to exert their main effect on the cuticle or spray droplet to enhance foliar-applied herbicide penetration. However, considerable evidence exists indicating that the plasma membrane is a barrier to intracellular penetration of herbicides and a site of action for adjuvants. Surfactants may penetrate through the cuticle and into the region of the plasma membrane. Insertion into the membrane causes a general 'loosening' to provide greater penetration by highly polar herbicides such as glyphosate. Weak acid herbicides typically have a lipophilic moiety and, therefore, can move more easily through the membrane but the rate and accumulation is dependent on pH conditions across the membrane. Ammonium salts have been shown to affect the pH of the apoplast in a manner which allows faster penetration and greater accumulation of weak acid herbicides. Examination and understanding of the plasma membrane as a barrier to herbicide penetration will aid in defining the mechanisms of adjuvant action and improve the efficiency of agrochemical use. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. RP WADE, BR (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,N-328 TURNER HALL,1102 S GOODWIN AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 64 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PY 1993 VL 37 IS 2 BP 195 EP 202 DI 10.1002/ps.2780370213 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA LF436 UT WOS:A1993LF43600012 ER PT S AU KARD, BM MCDANIEL, CA AF KARD, BM MCDANIEL, CA BE Racke, KD Leslie, AR TI FIELD-EVALUATION OF THE PERSISTENCE AND EFFICACY OF PESTICIDES USED FOR TERMITE CONTROL SO PESTICIDES IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS: FATE AND SIGNIFICANCE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review CT SYMP ON PESTICIDES IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS : FATE AND SIGNIFICANCE, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV AGROCHEM RP KARD, BM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,POB 2008,GMF,GULFPORT,MS 39505, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2627-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 522 BP 46 EP 61 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Entomology; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Agriculture; Entomology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BX68N UT WOS:A1993BX68N00006 ER PT S AU AGARWAL, UP ATALLA, RH AF AGARWAL, UP ATALLA, RH BE Heitner, C Scaiano, JC TI RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPIC EVIDENCE FOR CONIFERYL ALCOHOL STRUCTURES IN BLEACHED AND SULFONATED MECHANICAL PULPS SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV CELLULOSE PAPER & TEXTILE RP AGARWAL, UP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2692-X J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 531 BP 26 EP 44 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BY62U UT WOS:A1993BY62U00002 ER PT J AU NOWAK, DJ MCBRIDE, JR AF NOWAK, DJ MCBRIDE, JR TI TESTING MICRODENSITOMETRIC ABILITY TO DETERMINE MONTEREY PINE URBAN TREE-STRESS SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Microdensitometric analysis of aerial photographs has been used to quantify urban tree stress of deciduous species. A test of this procedure applied to Monterey pine indicates that variations in ground cover beneath urban trees among cities and variations in crown morphology among tree species can limit the ability of microdensitometry to quantify urban tree stress. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT FORESTRY & RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP NOWAK, DJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,5801 N PULASKI RD,BLDG C,CHICAGO,IL 60646, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 59 IS 1 BP 89 EP 91 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA KG097 UT WOS:A1993KG09700006 ER PT J AU XU, DQ CHEN, XM ZHANG, LX WANG, RF HESKETH, JD AF XU, DQ CHEN, XM ZHANG, LX WANG, RF HESKETH, JD TI LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE IN A CHLOROPHYLL-DEFICIENT SOYBEAN MUTANT SO PHOTOSYNTHETICA LA English DT Article ID FIELD-GROWN SUNFLOWER; CHLOROPLASTS AB A comparative study of chlorophyll (Chi) fluorescence characteristics was made between a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Chl-deficient mutant (light green leaf, LG, Y(11)y(11)()), and a nearly isogenic Chi normal biotype (dark green leaf, DG, Y11Y11) of cultivar Clark. LG had a lower light-saturated net photosynthetic rate (P-N), compared with DG at early stages of growth (before pod filling), but the difference in P-N between LG and DG became smaller at later stages of growth. The lower P-N of LG may result from lower Chi content (Chi a and b), lower carboxylation efficiency, and lower photochemical efficiency of photosystem 2. Both LG and DG grown at low iradiance [about 200-300 mu mol(photon) m(-2) s(-1)] in a growth cabinet had similar photochemical efficiencies. However, the efficiency was lower in LG than in DG grown in field sunlight in mid summer, especially during the afternoon on clear days, indicating that LG is more sensitive to photoinhibition. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA,AGR RES SERV,PHOTOSYNTHET RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. ACAD SINICA,SHANGHAI INST PLANT PHYSIOL,SHANGHAI 200032,PEOPLES R CHINA. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE 6 PA NA KARLOVCE 1A, PRAGUE 6, CZECH REPUBLIC CS-160 00 SN 0300-3604 J9 PHOTOSYNTHETICA JI Photosynthetica PY 1993 VL 29 IS 1 BP 103 EP 112 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MK612 UT WOS:A1993MK61200012 ER PT J AU DUYSEN, M FREEMAN, T ESKINS, K GUIKEMA, JA AF DUYSEN, M FREEMAN, T ESKINS, K GUIKEMA, JA TI GABACULINE IMPAIRED ACCUMULATION OF PIGMENTS AND APOPROTEINS IN LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEXES AND REACTION CENTERS OF WHEAT THYLAKOIDS SO PHOTOSYNTHETICA LA English DT Article ID A-B PROTEIN; A/B-BINDING POLYPEPTIDES; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; CHLOROPHYLL-A; CHLOROPLAST MEMBRANES; BIOSYNTHESIS; ORGANIZATION; MUTANT; PHOTOREGULATION; PHOSPHORYLATION AB We have examined the effect of gabaculine (3-amino-2,3-dihydrobenzoic acid) on chlorophyll (Chl) binding photosystem (PS) apoproteins in thylakoid membranes relative to the effect on pigment accumulations and grana thylakoid stacking in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling leaves. The accumulations of critical PS1, PS2, light-harvesting complex (LHC1 and LHC2) apoproteins differed in response to gabaculine treatment. The reaction center proteins, D1 of PS2 and the 68 kDa PS 1, were not detected in either primary or secondary leaf chloroplasts of treated etiolated seedlings after greening or secondary leaf chloroplasts of treated green seedlings. However, the LHC apoproteins accumulated at reduced levels relative to the controls and LHC1 was more sensitive to treatment than LHC2. Gabaculine decreased plastid pigment levels in primary leaf chloroplasts of treated etiolated seedlings by only 50 % and in secondary leaf chloroplasts by more than 85 % of that in the controls. The accumulations of Chl a, Chl b, and die carotenoids, neoxanthin and B-carotene, were most sensitive to treatment and were decreased in a similar manner. Granal thylakoid development was more sensitive to treatment than stroma thylakoid development and LHC2 apoprotein accumulations enriched stroma thylakoids in some treatments. The lack of starch and critical reaction center apoproteins in these chloroplasts suggest a loss of photosynthetic competency. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MWA,PEORIA,IL 61604. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DIV BIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP DUYSEN, M (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT CWS,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. RI Guikema, James/C-1313-2010 NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE 6 PA NA KARLOVCE 1A, PRAGUE 6, CZECH REPUBLIC CS-160 00 SN 0300-3604 J9 PHOTOSYNTHETICA JI Photosynthetica PY 1993 VL 29 IS 3 BP 329 EP 339 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NA956 UT WOS:A1993NA95600002 ER PT J AU CHEN, XM BEGONIA, GB ALM, DM HESKETH, JD AF CHEN, XM BEGONIA, GB ALM, DM HESKETH, JD TI RESPONSES OF SOYBEAN LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO CO2 AND DROUGHT SO PHOTOSYNTHETICA LA English DT Article ID WATER DEFICIT; RATES; EXPOSURE; STRESS; AIR AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Jack] was grown in the field in rain-protected plots to study effects of drought and atmospheric CO2 enrichment. on leaf gas exchange. Midday depressions in leaf photosynthetic CO2 exchange rates (P(N)) were found in drought-stressed plants and the diurnal changes were mostly stomatal-regulated, although accumulated drought stress eventually resulted in some non-stomatal limitations. However, seasonal changes in P(N) were mostly limited by non-stomatal factors. Water use efficiency was always higher for drought stressed plants and depended on the severity of stress and associated stomatal or nonstomatal limitations. At enriched atmospheric CO2 levels, stomatal limitations to P(N) under drought stress were less important than at ambient atmospheric CO2 levels. Morning and afternoon leaf starch levels were enhanced in both irrigated and nonirrigated plants in enriched CO2. Afternoon starch levels were higher in stressed leaves than in non-stressed leaves at normal CO2 levels. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. JACKSON STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,JACKSON,MS 39217. RP CHEN, XM (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE 6 PA NA KARLOVCE 1A, PRAGUE 6, CZECH REPUBLIC CS-160 00 SN 0300-3604 J9 PHOTOSYNTHETICA JI Photosynthetica PY 1993 VL 29 IS 3 BP 447 EP 454 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NA956 UT WOS:A1993NA95600014 ER PT J AU STANGHELLINI, C BUNCE, JA AF STANGHELLINI, C BUNCE, JA TI RESPONSE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CONDUCTANCE TO LIGHT, CO2, TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IN TOMATO PLANTS ACCLIMATED TO AMBIENT AND ELEVATED CO2 SO PHOTOSYNTHETICA LA English DT Article ID HIGH ATMOSPHERIC CO2; FIELD-GROWN TOMATO; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STOMATAL CLOSURE; SENSITIVITY; TERM; C-3; CARBOXYLASE; INHIBITION; O-2 AB In tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plants, net carbon dioxide exchange rate (P(N)) response curves to both irradiance (I) and short-term [CO2] were similar for plants grown at both 350 and 700 cm3(CO2) m-3. However, water vapor conductance (gH2O) of plants grown at high [CO2] was less sensitive to short term [CO2] variations, when measured at low vapor pressure difference, and was larger than the conductance of ''ambient [CO2]'' plants when both were exposed to high [CO2]. P(N) and g(H2O) under high I increased with temperature over the range 18 to 32-degrees-C. P(N) of plants grown in both [CO2] treatments increased at most about 25 % from 350 to 700 cm3 m-3 at 18 and 25-degrees-C, and decreased when exposed to 1000 cm3 m-3 at these temperatures. Thus increasing atmospheric [CO2] might not increase P(N) by as much as expected and water use of crops might not decrease. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP STANGHELLINI, C (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYST RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 9 PU INST EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE 6 PA NA KARLOVCE 1A, PRAGUE 6, CZECH REPUBLIC CS-160 00 SN 0300-3604 J9 PHOTOSYNTHETICA JI Photosynthetica PY 1993 VL 29 IS 4 BP 487 EP 497 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NP819 UT WOS:A1993NP81900002 ER PT J AU BUNCE, JA AF BUNCE, JA TI GROWTH, SURVIVAL COMPETITION, AND CANOPY CARBON-DIOXIDE AND WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE OF 1ST YEAR ALFALFA AT AN ELEVATED CO2 CONCENTRATION SO PHOTOSYNTHETICA LA English DT Article ID ENRICHMENT; RESPONSES; RESPIRATION; YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE; PLANTS; WHEAT AB Alfalfa was grown in field plots at the current CO2 concentration (350 mumol mol-1 = c350) and at 350 mumol mol-1 above the current concentration (= c700). Alfalfa and weed growth, and canopy water vapor (E) and carbon dioxide exchange (F) were determined for the first year. Alfalfa yield summed for the three harvests.in the first year was greater for the c700 treatment in two of the years studied, but significantly less in a third year. Weed growth was unaffected. Survival of alfalfa plants was greater at c700 for years in which there was substantial mortality, even when yield was not increased by the c700 treatment. In spite of a persistent reduction in leaf conductance to water vapor (g(l)), total canopy conductance (g(c)) to water vapor did not differ between CO2 treatments when averaged over years, because of compensating changes in canopy leaf area. CO2 efflux (F) at night per unit of ground area was consistently less in the c700 treatment even when daytime CO2 uptake was higher. Hence the periodic harvesting of alfalfa crops does not necessarily allow elevated CO2 to cause persistent growth stimulation nor reduced water use. RP BUNCE, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY, ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE 6 PA NA KARLOVCE 1A, PRAGUE 6, CZECH REPUBLIC CS-160 00 SN 0300-3604 J9 PHOTOSYNTHETICA JI Photosynthetica PY 1993 VL 29 IS 4 BP 557 EP 565 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NP819 UT WOS:A1993NP81900010 ER PT J AU MOREAU, RA PREISIG, CL AF MOREAU, RA PREISIG, CL TI LIPID CHANGES IN TOBACCO CELL-SUSPENSIONS FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH CELLULASE ELICITOR SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ACYLATED STEROL GLYCOSIDE; CAPSIDIOL; CELLULASE; ELICITOR; ESTERIFICATION; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; PHYTOALEXIN; PHYTOSTEROL; STEROL; STEROL ESTER; STEROL GLYCOSIDE; TOBACCO ID SQUALENE SYNTHETASE; FUNGAL ELICITOR; CULTURES; BIOSYNTHESIS; STEROL; ACCUMULATION; INDUCTION AB Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) KY14 cell cultures have previously been reported to produce capsidiol and other stress metabolites when treated with fungal elicitor or cellulase. Using a new high performance liquid chromatographic technique, we have measured the changes in sesquiterpene phytoalexins and membrane lipid classes that occur upon elicitation of tobacco cell cultures with cellulase. Measurable levels of capsidiol and debneyol were found in the tobacco cells and in the culture medium after 8 h of elicitor treatment, with levels continuing to increase for up to 24 h. For the duration of the experiments, the levels of most of the galactolipids and phospholipids were found to decrease in elicited cells and increase in control cells. The most striking change was a rapid decrease in the level of digalactosyldiacylglycerol in elicited cells, to less than 10% of the level in control cells. Among the sterol lipid classes, the most notable changes occurred in the levels of sterol esters and acylated sterol glycosides, which increased significantly in elicited cells within 2 to 4 h after addition of cellulase, but remained unchanged in control cells. Free sterols and sterol glycosides declined slightly, while free fatty acids dropped to low levels 24 h after treatment of cells with cellulase. The present results and those of previous studies indicate that esterification of phytosterols may be a widespread response to environmental or chemical stress. RP MOREAU, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 87 IS 1 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1993.870102.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KU919 UT WOS:A1993KU91900002 ER PT J AU DAVIES, FT POTTER, JR LINDERMAN, RG AF DAVIES, FT POTTER, JR LINDERMAN, RG TI DROUGHT RESISTANCE OF MYCORRHIZAL PEPPER PLANTS INDEPENDENT OF LEAF P-CONCENTRATION - RESPONSE IN GAS-EXCHANGE AND WATER RELATIONS SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; DROUGHT ACCLIMATION; GLOMUS-DESERTICOLA; PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ID VA-MYCORRHIZAL; CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; ROSE PLANTS; PHOSPHORUS; STRESS; NUTRITION; LEAVES; GROWTH; ACCLIMATION; EFFICIENCY AB Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants with and without the VA-mycorrhizal fungus Glomus deserticola Trappe, Bloss and Menge (VAM and NVAM, respectively), were drought acclimated by four drought cycles (DA) or kept well watered (NDA). All plants were then subjected to an additional drought followed by a 3-day irrigation recovery period. Measurements of water relations, gas exchange and carbohydrates were made at selected intervals throughout the drought cycles and recovery. To equalize growth and avoid higher P in VAM plants, NVAM plants received higher P fertilization. Consequently, similar transpirational surface and shoot mass were achieved in all treatments, but NVAM had a higher tissue P concentration than VAM plants. Plants that were either VAM or DA, but especially the VAM-DA plants, tended to be high in net photosynthetic flux (A), A per unit of tissue P concentration (A/P), stomatal conductance (g) or leaf turgor (psi(p)) during high environmental stress or recovery from stress. During this time, NVAM-NDA plants had low A, A/P and leaf chlorophyll, but high soluble carbohydrate concentrations in their leaves. All VAM and DA plants had some osmotic adjustment compared to the NVAM-NDA plants, but VAM-DA plants had the most. Osmotic adjustment was not due to accumulation of soluble carbohydrate. The high turgor, A and g in the VAM-DA plants during and following environmental stress indicated superior drought resistance of these plants; however, osmotic adjustment was only apparent during recovery and cannot account for the observed drought resistance during environmental stress. Drought resistance of VAM-DA plants was not attributable to high leaf P concentration or confounded by differences in plant transpirational surface. C1 USDA ARS, HORT CROPS RES LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97330 USA. RP DAVIES, FT (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST, DEPT HORT SCI, COLL STN, TX 77843 USA. NR 35 TC 121 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-9317 EI 1399-3054 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 87 IS 1 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb08789.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KU919 UT WOS:A1993KU91900008 ER PT J AU MANNERS, GD PFISTER, JA AF MANNERS, GD PFISTER, JA TI NORMAL PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF TOXIC NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS SO PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; METHYLLYCACONITINE, 14-DEACETYLNUDICAULINE; LARKSPUR; DELPHINIUM-SPP; ANALYTICAL NORMAL PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AB A normal phase, isocratic, analytical high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the analysis of toxic methylsuccinimidoanthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL) norditerpenoid alkaloids occurring in poisonous larkspurs (Delphinium sp.). The method has good sensitivity, specificity for MSAL norditerpenoid alkaloid and rapid analysis times. The technique employs 5 mum neutral alumina as the stationary phase and utilizes a mixture of hexane: 95% isopropyl alcohol as the mobile phase. Accurate and reproducible analyses can be performed on 1 g samples of plant material. The method has been applied to the analysis of the chemical phenology of the MSAL norditerpenoid alkaloids methyllycaconitine and 14-deacetylnudicauline in three species of tall larkspurs (Delphinium barbeyi, D. occidentale, D. glaucescens). Analytical results confirm the primary occurrence of these toxic alkaloids in early vegetative tissues of these plants, their concentration in reproductive plant tissues and their reduction in level with plant maturation. The chemical phenology results further confirm the observed difference in the toxicity of the three tall larkspurs (D. barbeyi > D. glaucescens > D. occidentale) to livestock. Intraspecies differences of toxic alkaloid occurrence associated with site were also demonstrated. RP MANNERS, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 0 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0958-0344 J9 PHYTOCHEM ANALYSIS JI Phytochem. Anal. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 4 IS 1 BP 14 EP 18 DI 10.1002/pca.2800040104 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA KK481 UT WOS:A1993KK48100003 ER PT J AU TOBIAS, RB CONWAY, WS SAMS, CE GROSS, KC WHITAKER, BD AF TOBIAS, RB CONWAY, WS SAMS, CE GROSS, KC WHITAKER, BD TI CELL-WALL COMPOSITION OF CALCIUM-TREATED APPLES INOCULATED WITH BOTRYTIS-CINEREA SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE MALUS DOMESTICA; ROSACEAE; CELL WALL COMPOSITION; FUNGAL INFECTION; CALCIUM; CARBOHYDRATES; MINERALS; PHENOLICS ID DIVALENT-CATIONS; FRUIT; REDISTRIBUTION; MINERALS; STORAGE; TOMATO; POLYSACCHARIDES; TEMPERATURE AB The role of calcium in maintaining cell wall integrity was investigated in cortical tissue of apple fruit. Carbohydrate, phenolic, protein and mineral element composition were determined in cell walls of high- and low-calcium content fruit inoculated with Botrytis cinerea. Cell walls in fungal-infected tissue of low-calcium fruit showed a decrease in non-cellulosic polysaccharides containing galacturonosyl, rhamnosyl, arabinosyl, xylosyl and galactosyl moieties and increases in cellulose, wall-bound phenolics, protein and mineral elements. In infected tissue of high-calcium fruit, the compositional changes in the cell wall were generally smaller compared with those observed in the low-calcium treatment. The results of this investigation indicate that the effect of calcium in reducing decay is associated with maintaining cell wall structure by delaying and/or modifying chemical changes in cell wall composition. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI, KNOXVILLE, TN 37901 USA. RP USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BARC W, HORT CROPS QUAL, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JAN PY 1993 VL 32 IS 1 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA KJ005 UT WOS:A1993KJ00500007 ER PT J AU COHEN, Z NORMAN, HA HEIMER, YM AF COHEN, Z NORMAN, HA HEIMER, YM TI POTENTIAL USE OF SUBSTITUTED PYRIDAZINONES FOR SELECTING POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACID OVERPRODUCING CELL-LINES OF ALGAE SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SPIRULINA-PLATENSIS; PORPHYRIDIUM-CRUENTUM; MONODUS-SUBTERRANEUS; ALGAE; GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; FATTY ACID OVERPRODUCTION; HERBICIDES; SAN-9785; NORFLURAZON ID GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; PORPHYRIDIUM-CRUENTUM; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; BASF 13-338; MONOGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL; METABOLISM; RESISTANT; BIOSYNTHESIS; DESATURATION AB The effects of the herbicides SAN 9785 and norflurazon on growth and fatty acid composition of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis, the marine microalga Porphyridium cruentum and the freshwater alga Monodus subterraneus were studied. Norflurazon was more effective than SAN 9785 in causing growth inhibition of S. platensis cultures; changes in fatty acid composition confirmed that this compound is a potent inhibitor of DELTA6-desaturation. SAN 9785 inhibited the growth of S. platensis concomitantly causing a reduction in the amount of the fatty acids 18:3omega6 and 18:2omega6 and an increase in 18: 1 and 18: 0, thus indicating an inhibitory effect of this herbicide on the DELTA6-desaturation system. Similar growth inhibition was observed in P. cruentum. In this alga, the herbicide also inhibited the formation of 20:5omega3, apparently by blocking the desaturation of 18:2 to 18:3omega3 in one pathway of eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis. However, in M. subterraneus SAN 9785 reduced growth, but caused an increase in the proportion of 20:5omega3 indicating a possible alternative pathway for the formation of 20:5omega3 in this alga. SAN 9785 was therefore considered to be useful for the selection of cell lines which overproduce the valuable fatty acids 18:3omega6 and 20:5omega3 in S. platensis and P. cruentum, respectively. C1 BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,JACOB BLAUSTEIN INST DESERT RES,DESERT AGROBIOL RES UNIT,IL-84990 SEDE BOQER,ISRAEL. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP COHEN, Z (reprint author), BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,JACOB BLAUSTEIN INST DESERT RES,MICROALGAL BIOTECHNOL LAB,IL-84990 SEDE BOQER,ISRAEL. RI cohen, zvi/F-1709-2012 OI cohen, zvi/0000-0002-0161-785X NR 39 TC 28 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JAN PY 1993 VL 32 IS 2 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94978-1 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA KJ870 UT WOS:A1993KJ87000006 ER PT J AU WHITAKER, BD AF WHITAKER, BD TI LIPID CHANGES IN MICROSOMES AND CRUDE PLASTID FRACTIONS DURING STORAGE OF TOMATO FRUITS AT CHILLING AND NONCHILLING TEMPERATURES SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; SOLANACEAE; TOMATO FRUIT; STERYL LIPIDS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; GALACTOLIPIDS; FATTY ACIDS; CHILLING; RIPENING; POSTHARVEST ID INJURY; SENSITIVITY; PLANTS AB Mature-green tomato fruits (Lycopersicon esculentum) were stored for four or 12 days at chilling (2-degrees) or nonchilling (15-degrees) temperature. Fruits stored for 12 days at 15-degrees ripened to the turning stage, whereas fruits at 2-degrees did not ripen. Lipids of plastid and microsomal membrane fractions from pericarp tissue were analysed at harvest and after four or 12 days of storage. After 12 days at either 15-degrees or 2-degrees, the ratio of phospholipids (PL) to protein in microsomes declined, with a concomitant increase in the ratios of total membrane sterols (TMS) and cerebrosides (CB) to PL. The TMS:PL and CB:PL ratios also increased in crude plastid fractions. In both microsomes and plastids, free sterols (FS) increased more at 2-degrees than at 15-degrees, and hence accounted for a larger percentage of the TMS (FS+acylated steryl glycosides+steryl glycosides). The ratio of stigmasterol to sitosterol in all steryl lipids, but particularly in FS, increased more at 15-degrees than at 2-degrees. The unsaturation index of fatty acids in PL and galactolipids generally increased slightly during storage at both 15-degrees and 2-degrees. The ratio of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine increased in both membrane fractions at both temperatures. In plastids, the ratio of mono- to digalactosyldiacylglycerols declined substantially at 2-degrees but not at 15-degrees. RP WHITAKER, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JAN PY 1993 VL 32 IS 2 BP 265 EP 271 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94979-3 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA KJ870 UT WOS:A1993KJ87000007 ER PT J AU BUGBEE, WM AF BUGBEE, WM TI A PECTIN LYASE INHIBITOR PROTEIN FROM CELL-WALLS OF SUGAR-BEET SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BETA-VULGARIS; CROWN AND ROOT ROT; PECTOLYTIC ENZYME ID FRUIT POLYGALACTURONASE INHIBITORS; HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; CULTURED APPLE CELLS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; COLLETOTRICHUM-LINDEMUTHIANUM; MONILINIA-FRUCTIGENA; PURIFICATION; ENZYMES; ENDOPOLYGALACTURONASE; PLANTS AB A protein from sugar beet roots inhibited pectin lyase (PNL) that was isolated from Rhizoctonia solani. The PNL inhibitor protein (PNLIP) was extracted from healthy sugar beet cell walls and partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, cation exchange, and gel permeation chromatography. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide with sodium dodecyl sulfate showed a single major band of 57.5 kDa. Isoelectric focusing gave a major band at pl 9.9. Kinetic analysis indicated that the inhibition was uncompetitive (coupling). Pectin lyase inhibitory activity was greater in cell wall extracts from rotted and adjacent tissue than in healthy tissue. The inhibitor concentration was higher in a root rot-resistant germplasm than in a susceptible cultivar and was also higher in root than in hypocotyl or crown tissue. The inhibitor protected root disks from PNL damage in a buffered reaction mixture. The inhibitor was equally effective against PNL from Phoma betae but was less effective against PNL from Aspergillus japonicus. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FARGO,ND 58105. RP BUGBEE, WM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,POB 5677,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 29 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 1993 VL 83 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-63 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KK483 UT WOS:A1993KK48300005 ER PT J AU PENNYPACKER, BW LEATH, KT AF PENNYPACKER, BW LEATH, KT TI ANATOMICAL RESPONSE OF RESISTANT ALFALFA INFECTED WITH VERTICILLIUM-ALBO-ATRUM SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LUCERNE; MEDICAGO-SATIVA; VASCULAR WILT ID F-SP-DIANTHI; DROUGHT STRESS; HISTOPATHOLOGY; ULTRASTRUCTURE; COLONIZATION; CULTIVARS; WILT AB Two resistant clones of alfalfa (1079 and WL-5) were stubble inoculated with verticillium albo-atrum and grown for two 6-wk growth cycles before being used in the histological study. During the third 6-wk growth period following inoculation, regrowth stems were sampled for histological study at weekly intervals for 6 wk. The pathogen was confined to the crown of the plants by vascular occlusions for 2 wk, after which it was present in the stems of clone WL-5. Clone 1079 confined the pathogen to the crown for an additional 2 wk. Histologically the clones responded similarly to V. albo-atrum until week 5. Thereafter, vascular differentiation was disrupted in clone 1079, resulting in the absence of immature, developing vessel elements and the presence of atypically narrow metaxylem vessels in most vascular bundles in the stem. Dissolution of vascular bundles infected with V. albo-atrum was evident by the final week of the growth period. Confinement of V. albo-atrum to the crown until late in the growth period appeared to account for resistance in clone 1079. An additional resistance response was noted in stems of clone WL-5. The response consisted of hypertrophied xylem-parenchyma cells surrounding groups of infected vessel elements, eventually crushing and obliterating them. The hypertrophied cells frequently tested positive for suberin. Atypically narrow xylem-vessel elements were confused to infected vascular bundles in clone WL-5, and no vascular dissolution occurred. V. albo-atrum in the xylem vessels of both clones was frequently encased in a thick material that tested positive for suberin and lignin. C1 USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP PENNYPACKER, BW (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 1993 VL 83 IS 1 BP 80 EP 85 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-80 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KK483 UT WOS:A1993KK48300008 ER PT J AU LENARDON, SL GORDON, DT GINGERY, RE AF LENARDON, SL GORDON, DT GINGERY, RE TI SEROLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF MAIZE-DWARF MOSAIC POTYVIRUS STRAIN-A, STRAIN-D, STRAIN-E, AND STRAIN-F BY ELECTRO-BLOT IMMUNOASSAY SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO ETCH VIRUS; COAT PROTEINS; N-TERMINI; CAPSID PROTEIN; SUGARCANE; ANTIBODIES; PURIFICATION; TAXONOMY; SURFACE; GENE AB Antiserum recovered 1 wk after a single immunization (As-1wk) with maize dwarf mosaic potyvirus (MDMV) strain A, D, E, or F reacted strongly with the respective homologous capsid protein but weakly or not at all with the corresponding homologous core-capsid protein in electro-blot immunoassays (EBIA). The antisera also reacted with the heterologous capsid proteins of these strains but not with capsid proteins from other members of the potyvirus group (i. e., sugarcane mosaic virus strain MDB [SCMV-MDB], formerly MDMV-B, and johnsongrass mosaic virus strain O [JGMV-O], formerly MDMV-O). As-1wk to the latter two viruses reacted only with the respective homologous capsid protein. Antiserum recovered four or more weeks after one to six immunizations (As-swk) with MDMV-A, -D, -E, -F, SCMV-MDB, or JGMV-O reacted with the capsid proteins and core-capsid proteins of all the viruses and strains. Cross-absorbing As-swk to strain A, D, E, or F with heterologous capsid protein (except strain D) only eliminated reactions with the cross-absorbing strain. Cross-absorbing As-swk to strains A, E, or F with MDMV-D capsid protein eliminated reactions with the capsid protein of one or more strains in addition to strain D. We conclude that strains A, D, E, and F contain unique epitopes located on the portion of the capsid protein removed by endopeptidase. This is the first demonstration of serological differences among MDMV strains A, D, E, and F, which previously were differentiated only biologically. C1 OSU OARDC,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,CORN & SOYBEAN RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP LENARDON, SL (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 1993 VL 83 IS 1 BP 86 EP 91 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-86 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KK483 UT WOS:A1993KK48300009 ER PT J AU BANUELOS, GS CARDON, GE PHENE, CJ WU, L AKOHOUE, S ZAMBRZUSKI, S AF BANUELOS, GS CARDON, GE PHENE, CJ WU, L AKOHOUE, S ZAMBRZUSKI, S TI SOIL BORON AND SELENIUM REMOVAL BY 3 PLANT-SPECIES SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE BRASSICA SPECIES; SOIL BORON; SOIL SELENIUM; TALL FESCUE ID ADSORPTION; ACCUMULATION AB High concentrations of boron (B) and selenium (Se) naturally found in the environment are detrimental to sustainable agriculture in the western USA. Greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to study B and Se uptake in three different plant species; Brassica juncea (L.) Czern (wild brown mustard), Festuca arundinacea Schreb. L. (tall fescue), and Brassica napus (canola) were grown in soil containing naturally occurring concentrations of 3.00 mg extractable B kg-1 and 1.17 mg total Se kg-1 soil. During the growing season, four intermediate harvests were performed on wild mustard and tall fescue. Final harvest I consisted of harvesting wild mustard, canola, and clipping tall fescue. Final harvest II consisted of harvesting wild mustard, which had been planted in soil in which wild mustard was previously grown, and harvesting previously clipped tall fescue. The greatest total amount of above ground biomass and below surface biomass was produced by tall fescue. Plants were separated into shoots and roots, weighed, and plant tissues were analyzed for total B and Se. The highest concentrations of tissue B were recovered in shoots of wild mustard and canola at final harvest I, while roots from tall fescue contained the highest concentrations of B irrespective of the harvest. Tissue Se concentrations were similar in all plants species. Soils were analyzed for residual B and Se. Extractable soil B concentrations at harvest times were lowered no less than 32% and total Se no less than 24% for all three species. The planting of wild mustard, canola, or tall fescue can reduce water-extractable B and total Se in the soil. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP BANUELOS, GS (reprint author), USDA,ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. RI Cardon, Grant/O-4863-2014 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 1993 VL 148 IS 2 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.1007/BF00012862 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KV125 UT WOS:A1993KV12500010 ER PT J AU PARKS, BM QUAIL, PH AF PARKS, BM QUAIL, PH TI HY8, A NEW CLASS OF ARABIDOPSIS LONG HYPOCOTYL MUTANTS DEFICIENT IN FUNCTIONAL PHYTOCHROME-A SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID AVENA-SATIVA L; IMMUNOCHEMICALLY DETECTABLE PHYTOCHROME; SINAPIS-ALBA L; CHLOROPLAST DEVELOPMENT; ACTION SPECTRA; LIGHT; PHOTORECEPTORS; RESPONSES; ELONGATION; FRAGMENTS AB Emerging evidence suggests that individual members of the phytochrome family of photoreceptors may regulate discrete facets of plant photomorphogenesis. We report here the isolation of phytochrome A mutants of Arabidopsis using a novel screening strategy aimed at detecting seedlings with long hypocotyls in prolonged far-red light. Complementation analysis of 10 selected mutant lines showed that each represents an independent, recessive allele at a new locus, designated hy8. Immunoblot and spectrophotometric analyses of two of these lines, hy8-1 and hy8-2, showed that, whereas phytochromes B and C are expressed at wild-type levels, phytochrome A is undetectable, thus indicating that the long hypocotyl phenotype displayed by these mutants is caused by phytochrome A deficiency. A third allele, hy8-3, expresses wild-type levels of spectrally normal phytochrome A, suggesting a mutation that has resulted in loss of biological activity in an otherwise photochemically active photoreceptor molecule. Together with physiological experiments, these data provide direct evidence that endogenous phytochrome A is responsible for the ''far-red high irradiance response'' of etiolated seedlings, but does not play a major role in mediating responses to prolonged red or white light. Because the hy8 and the phytochrome B-deficient hy3 mutants exhibit reciprocal responsivity toward prolonged red and far-red light, respectively, the evidence indicates that phytochromes A and B have distinct photosensory roles in regulating seedling development. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM47475] NR 29 TC 289 Z9 295 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD JAN PY 1993 VL 5 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA KK261 UT WOS:A1993KK26100006 PM 8439743 ER PT J AU NEUMAN, MC PREECE, JE VANSAMBEEK, JW GAFFNEY, GR AF NEUMAN, MC PREECE, JE VANSAMBEEK, JW GAFFNEY, GR TI SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND CALLUS PRODUCTION FROM COTYLEDON EXPLANTS OF EASTERN BLACK-WALNUT SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE JUGLANS-NIGRA L; INVITRO; REGENERATION; THIDIAZURON; WOODY PLANT TISSUE CULTURE ID WOODY-PLANTS; INVITRO; CULTURES AB Starting at 8 weeks and continuing until 23 weeks (nut drop) after anthesis, 1 cm2 explants from cotyledons of immature seeds were extracted from Juglans nigra fruits. Explants were placed on Woody Plant Medium with 1 g l-1 casein hydrolysate and 30 g l-1 sucrose. The explants remained in light for 4 weeks on primary media containing a 3 X 3 factorial of 0.05, 0.5, or 5.0 muM thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.1, 1.0, or 10.0 muM 2,4-D. Explants were transfer-red to a secondary medium containing no plant growth regulators and incubated in darkness for 11 weeks. The greatest number of somatic embryos was produced 8, 10, and 12 weeks after anthesis from explants on media with 0.5 or 5.0 muM TDZ and 0.1 or 1.0 muM 2,4-D. Explants produced the greatest callus volume and dry weight 10, 12, and 14 weeks after anthesis. Throughout the study, callus generally increased with increasing concentrations of both TDZ C1 SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. SO ILLINOIS UNIV,US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. NR 27 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 32 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1007/BF00040110 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA KJ291 UT WOS:A1993KJ29100002 ER PT J AU KOBAYASHI, RS SINDEN, SL BOUWKAMP, JC AF KOBAYASHI, RS SINDEN, SL BOUWKAMP, JC TI OVULE CULTURE OF SWEET-POTATO (IPOMOEA-BATATAS) AND CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE EMBRYO CULTURE; IPOMOEA-TRIFIDA; IPOMOEA-TRILOBA; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION ID INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS; IMMATURE EMBRYOS; INVITRO; BRASSICA; RESCUE AB Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) breeding has been hampered by self- and cross-incompatibilities that are frequently encountered among the plants in the section Batatas. Ovule culture techniques were developed to assist in overcoming some of these incompatibilities. Ovules that contain embryos at the late globular to heart shaped stage of development were cultured on MS medium containing full strength or one-half strength salts with 3%, 8% or 12% sucrose. Ovules were cultured either intact or after slicing. Ovules of I. triloba and I. trifida were successfully cultured as early as 3 and 4 days after pollination while sweet potato ovules were successfully cultured 5 and 6 days after pollination. The percentage of ovules with developing embryos on the media tested ranged from 27.8% to 50.2%. The highest percentage of embryos developed when the ovules were sliced and cultured on medium containing one-half MS salts and 8% sucrose. Three plants were recovered from cultured ovules of incompatible interspecific crosses. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KOBAYASHI, RS (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 32 IS 1 BP 77 EP 82 DI 10.1007/BF00040119 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA KJ291 UT WOS:A1993KJ29100011 ER PT J AU TAINTER, FH ANDERSON, RL AF TAINTER, FH ANDERSON, RL TI 26 NEW PINE HOSTS OF FUSIFORM RUST SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Forty-five pine species and cultivars (Pinus spp.) were tested for susceptibility to fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme) by inoculation with basidiospores. Twenty-six species or cultivars were found to be susceptible. Eighteen other species were confirmed as susceptible. C1 US FOREST SERV,CTR RESISTANCE SCREENING,ASHEVILLE,NC 28802. RP TAINTER, FH (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,CLEMSON,SC 29634, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 77 IS 1 BP 17 EP 20 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KE938 UT WOS:A1993KE93800003 ER PT J AU BRITTON, KO AF BRITTON, KO TI ANTHRACNOSE INFECTION OF DOGWOOD SEEDLINGS EXPOSED TO NATURAL INOCULUM IN WESTERN NORTH-CAROLINA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE CORNUS-FLORIDA; DIEBACK; DISCULA-DESTRUCTIVA RED AB Groups of 25 healthy dogwood seedlings were exposed for 2 wk to naturally occurring inoculum under mature, diseased trees at 2-wk intervals for three growing seasons, After exposure, seedlings were placed in an incubation room and supplied with trickle irrigation and fluorescent lighting for 2 wk. Following incubation, percent leaf area infected (LAI) was estimated visually. In 1989, LAI remained less than 5% until June. However, consistent rainfall throughout the summer created conditions conducive to infection of seedling groups exposed from 6 June through September, and LAI ranged from 11 to 47% during that period. In 1990 and 1991, LAI was less than 5% until early May, and heavy infection began in mid-May. Midsummer droughts reduced LAI to less than 5%. LAI increased with renewed rainfall but dropped below 10% for the remainder of the season beginning in mid-July 1990 and in September 1991. Numerous secondary infection cycles occurred in each of the 3 yr. Stepwise regression analysis showed that 34% of the variance in LAI was explained by 2-wk rainfall total and 17% was explained by the LAI of the previous seedling group. This supports the hypothesis that secondary infection cycles in southwestern North Carolina depend on consistently recurring rainfall and inoculum buildup. RP BRITTON, KO (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 77 IS 1 BP 34 EP 37 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KE938 UT WOS:A1993KE93800007 ER PT J AU RODRIGUEZ, CM MADDEN, LV NAULT, LR LOUIE, R AF RODRIGUEZ, CM MADDEN, LV NAULT, LR LOUIE, R TI SPREAD OF MAIZE CHLOROTIC DWARF VIRUS FROM INFECTED CORN AND JOHNSONGRASS BY GRAMINELLA-NIGRIFRONS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID BLACKFACED LEAFHOPPER HOMOPTERA; CICADELLIDAE; TRANSMISSION; BEHAVIOR; VECTOR; PLANT AB Early emerged adults (males and females) or last instar nymphs (males, females, or males and females together) of the leafhopper Graminella nigrifrons were allowed to acquire maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV) from corn or johnsongrass source plants positioned in the center of maize plots in 1990. In 1991, two planting dates of maize were tested by using newly emerged adult males, females, or males and females. After leafhopper acquisition and potential flight to other plants, disease incidence was assessed throughout the plots. The log-logistic model provided an acceptable fit to the observed disease gradients. MCDV incidence was higher when infected corn was used as a virus source compared to johnsongrass in 1990 and both plantings of 1991. Leafhopper sex did not influence disease incidence. The intercept of the linearized log-logistic model (a) was higher for corn virus source only in 1990. The slope parameter (b), a gradient steepness, was not affected by leafhopper sex or virus source plant. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,CORN & SOYBEAN RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP RODRIGUEZ, CM (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 77 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KE938 UT WOS:A1993KE93800012 ER PT J AU CHELLEMI, DO KNOX, G PALM, ME AF CHELLEMI, DO KNOX, G PALM, ME TI LIMB DIEBACK OF FLOWERING DOGWOOD CAUSED BY COLLETOTRICHUM-ACUTATUM SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 USDA,APHIS,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP CHELLEMI, DO (reprint author), N FLORIDA RES & EDUC CTR,ROUTE 3,BOX 4370,QUINCY,FL 32351, USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 77 IS 1 BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KE938 UT WOS:A1993KE93800027 ER PT J AU LEATH, KT RODRIGUEZ, R PENNYPACKER, BW AF LEATH, KT RODRIGUEZ, R PENNYPACKER, BW TI 1ST REPORT OF SPHAERELLOPSIS-FILUM COLONIZING RUST OF BIRDS-FOOT TREFOIL IN THE UNITED-STATES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP LEATH, KT (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 77 IS 1 BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KE938 UT WOS:A1993KE93800026 ER PT J AU WILSON, JP AF WILSON, JP TI IDENTIFICATION OF VIRULENCE IN PUCCINIA-SUBSTRIATA VAR INDICA TO RR1 IN PEARL-MILLET SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note RP WILSON, JP (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,USDA-ARS,FORAGE & TURF UNIT,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 1 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 77 IS 1 BP 100 EP 100 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KE938 UT WOS:A1993KE93800023 ER PT J AU FILIP, G MACDONALD, G SAPOZHNIKOV, A HARBERGER, V AF FILIP, G MACDONALD, G SAPOZHNIKOV, A HARBERGER, V TI 1ST REPORT OF ARMILLARIA-OSTOYAE ON PINUS-KORAIENSIS IN THE RUSSIAN FAR-EAST SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. FAR E FORESTRY RES INST,KHABAROVSK,RUSSIA. RP FILIP, G (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 77 IS 1 BP 101 EP 101 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KE938 UT WOS:A1993KE93800029 ER PT J AU ZHANG, YP UYEMOTO, JK AF ZHANG, YP UYEMOTO, JK TI DETECTION AND RECOVERY OF TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS FROM DISEASED PEACH BY GRAFT INOCULATIONS TO PRUNUS-TOMENTOSA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note RP ZHANG, YP (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 77 IS 1 BP 101 EP 101 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KE938 UT WOS:A1993KE93800030 ER PT J AU SUTTLE, JC ABRAMS, SR AF SUTTLE, JC ABRAMS, SR TI ABSCISSION-PROMOTING ACTIVITIES OF ABSCISIC-ACID AND 5 ABSCISIC-ACID ANALOGS IN COTTON SEEDLINGS AND EXPLANTS SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE ABSCISIC ACID; ABSCISSION; ANALOG; COTTON; ETHYLENE; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L ID ALCOHOL AB The abscission-promoting activities of abscisic acid (ABA) and 5 ABA analogs were examined in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv LG102) seedlings and cotyledonary node explants. The analogs tested included a series of acetylenic derivatives that differ in the oxidation state of the C-1 atom, a 2',3' dihydro-derivative of ABA and a 2',3' dihydro-derivative of an acetylenic analog with a C-1 carboxyl moiety. ABA and all five analogs were active in stimulating petiole abscission in explants. Following treatment with 100 muM ABA or analog, 50% abscission of explants was observed after 29 h and complete abscission occurred within 40 h. With one exception, none of the treatments resulted in an increase in explant ethylene production. Pretreatment of the explants with the ethylene antagonist silver thiosulfate completely abolished the abscission-promoting activities of ABA and all of the analogs. Daily application of ABA or any of the analogs had no effect on cotyledon abscission in intact seedlings. The implications of the results with respect to the development of a commercial ABA-like regulator as well as to ABA structure-activity studies are discussed. C1 NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA,INST PLANT BIOTECHNOL,SASKATOON S7N 0W9,SASKATCHEWAN,CANADA. RP SUTTLE, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,POB 5677,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 12 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.1007/BF00144591 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KJ290 UT WOS:A1993KJ29000017 ER PT J AU CASPAR, T QUAIL, PH AF CASPAR, T QUAIL, PH TI PROMOTER AND LEADER REGIONS INVOLVED IN THE EXPRESSION OF THE ARABIDOPSIS FERREDOXIN-A GENE SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LONG HYPOCOTYL MUTANTS; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; DEVELOPING PEA BUDS; PHYTOCHROME CONTROL; LOW FLUENCE; THALIANA; PLANTS; PROTEIN; SEQUENCES; BINDING AB Ferredoxin is a nuclear-encoded protein that is involved in a variety of electron transfer reactions in both photo-synthetic and non-photosynthetic plastids. We show here that the expression of the ferredoxin A gene (FedA) in Arabidopsis thaliana is light-regulated, with its mRNA level increased 4.5-fold by transfer of dark-grown seedlings to white light for 3 h. A portion of this light regulation is mediated by phytochrome through a very low fluence type of response. In addition, it is likely that another photoreceptor(s) is also involved. The FedA promoter confers a light- and tissue-regulated expression pattern when fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and luciferase reporter genes, indicating that the gene is transcriptionally regulated. No evidence of cis-acting light-regulatory elements within the 5' untranslated leader region of the gene was detected. Nevertheless, elements within this leader are required for full activity since its deletion reduces expression both in the light and dark by 25-fold. This region includes a sequence, ACAAAA, which is also present in the 5' untranslated leader of the other three ferredoxin leaders that have been sequenced and in the leaders of 31 other plant genes or about 8% of all plant genes in the GenBank database. In addition to mediating light regulation, the FedA promoter also directs GUS expression in aerial tissues at 70-fold higher levels than in roots. GUS activity staining in aerial tissues is observed in both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic cells. These data indicate that the FedA promoter also carries the information for expression of this gene in a highly tissue- and cell-specific manner. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UC BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 38 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 161 EP 174 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KJ195 UT WOS:A1993KJ19500013 PM 8401602 ER PT B AU NORVELL, WA WELCH, RM ADAMS, ML KOCHIAN, LV AF NORVELL, WA WELCH, RM ADAMS, ML KOCHIAN, LV BE Barrow, NJ TI REDUCTION OF FE(III), MN(III), AND CU(II) CHELATES BY ROOTS OF PEA (PISUM-SATIVUM L) OR SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX) SO PLANT NUTRITION - FROM GENETIC ENGINEERING TO FIELD PRACTICE SE DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Plant Nutrition Colloquium CY SEP 21-26, 1993 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA SP AIDAB, CSBP & FARMERS, GRAINS RES & DEV CORP, KLUWER ACAD PUBL, PLANT NUTR COLLOQUIUM FUND, WAGENINGEN, PLANT NUTR COLLOQUIUM FUND, ROYAL SOC, POTASH & PHOSPHATE INST CANADA, PRISM SULPHUR CORP, QANTAS AUSTR DE CHELATE; COPPER; GLYCINE-MAX; IRON; MANGANESE; PISUM-SATIVUM; REDUCTASE; ROOT C1 USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2540-0 J9 DEV PLANT SOIL SCI PY 1993 VL 45 BP 129 EP 132 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BA34G UT WOS:A1993BA34G00020 ER PT B AU WELCH, RM SMITH, ME VANCAMPEN, DR SCHAEFER, SC AF WELCH, RM SMITH, ME VANCAMPEN, DR SCHAEFER, SC BE Barrow, NJ TI IMPROVING THE MINERAL RESERVES AND PROTEIN-QUALITY OF MAIZE (ZEA-MAYS L) KERNELS USING UNIQUE GENES SO PLANT NUTRITION - FROM GENETIC ENGINEERING TO FIELD PRACTICE SE DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Plant Nutrition Colloquium CY SEP 21-26, 1993 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA SP AIDAB, CSBP & FARMERS, GRAINS RES & DEV CORP, KLUWER ACAD PUBL, PLANT NUTR COLLOQUIUM FUND, WAGENINGEN, PLANT NUTR COLLOQUIUM FUND, ROYAL SOC, POTASH & PHOSPHATE INST CANADA, PRISM SULPHUR CORP, QANTAS AUSTR DE CALCIUM; COPPER; IRON; LYSINE; MAGNESIUM; MANAGANESE; METHIONINE; NUTRITION; NUTRITIONAL QUALITY; SEED VIGOR; ZINC C1 USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2540-0 J9 DEV PLANT SOIL SCI PY 1993 VL 45 BP 235 EP 238 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BA34G UT WOS:A1993BA34G00045 ER PT B AU BANUELOS, GS WU, L AKOHOUE, S ZAMBRZUSKI, S MEAD, R AF BANUELOS, GS WU, L AKOHOUE, S ZAMBRZUSKI, S MEAD, R BE Barrow, NJ TI TRACE-ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT PLANT-SPECIES USED FOR REMEDIATION OF BORON-LADEN SOILS SO PLANT NUTRITION - FROM GENETIC ENGINEERING TO FIELD PRACTICE SE DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Plant Nutrition Colloquium CY SEP 21-26, 1993 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA SP AIDAB, CSBP & FARMERS, GRAINS RES & DEV CORP, KLUWER ACAD PUBL, PLANT NUTR COLLOQUIUM FUND, WAGENINGEN, PLANT NUTR COLLOQUIUM FUND, ROYAL SOC, POTASH & PHOSPHATE INST CANADA, PRISM SULPHUR CORP, QANTAS AUSTR DE BORON UPTAKE; SELENIUM; TRACE ELEMENTS C1 USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2540-0 J9 DEV PLANT SOIL SCI PY 1993 VL 45 BP 425 EP 428 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BA34G UT WOS:A1993BA34G00088 ER PT B AU RASMUSSEN, PE AF RASMUSSEN, PE BE Barrow, NJ TI SURFACE RESIDUE AND NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION EFFECTS ON NO-TILL WHEAT SO PLANT NUTRITION - FROM GENETIC ENGINEERING TO FIELD PRACTICE SE DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Plant Nutrition Colloquium CY SEP 21-26, 1993 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA SP AIDAB, CSBP & FARMERS, GRAINS RES & DEV CORP, KLUWER ACAD PUBL, PLANT NUTR COLLOQUIUM FUND, WAGENINGEN, PLANT NUTR COLLOQUIUM FUND, ROYAL SOC, POTASH & PHOSPHATE INST CANADA, PRISM SULPHUR CORP, QANTAS AUSTR DE NITROGEN RESPONSE; NO-TILL; TILLER DEVELOPMENT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; WHEAT C1 USDA ARS,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2540-0 J9 DEV PLANT SOIL SCI PY 1993 VL 45 BP 555 EP 558 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BA34G UT WOS:A1993BA34G00118 ER PT B AU DOWDY, RH LINDEN, DR CLAPP, CE DOLAN, MS AULT, KI AF DOWDY, RH LINDEN, DR CLAPP, CE DOLAN, MS AULT, KI BE Barrow, NJ TI NUTRIENT CONTENT OF MONOCULTURE CORN (12 YEARS) AS A FUNCTION OF NITROGEN, TILLAGE, AND RESIDUE MANAGEMENT SO PLANT NUTRITION - FROM GENETIC ENGINEERING TO FIELD PRACTICE SE DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Plant Nutrition Colloquium CY SEP 21-26, 1993 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA SP AIDAB, CSBP & FARMERS, GRAINS RES & DEV CORP, KLUWER ACAD PUBL, PLANT NUTR COLLOQUIUM FUND, WAGENINGEN, PLANT NUTR COLLOQUIUM FUND, ROYAL SOC, POTASH & PHOSPHATE INST CANADA, PRISM SULPHUR CORP, QANTAS AUSTR DE CORN; FERTILIZER; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; POTASSIUM; RESIDUE; SILT LOAM; TILLAGE C1 USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2540-0 J9 DEV PLANT SOIL SCI PY 1993 VL 45 BP 567 EP 570 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BA34G UT WOS:A1993BA34G00121 ER PT J AU NISHIO, JN WHITMARSH, J AF NISHIO, JN WHITMARSH, J TI DISSIPATION OF THE PROTON ELECTROCHEMICAL POTENTIAL IN INTACT CHLOROPLASTS .2. THE PH GRADIENT MONITORED BY CYTOCHROME-F REDUCTION KINETICS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ABSORBANCE CHANGES; PROTEIN IMPORT; B/F COMPLEX; MEMBRANE; TRANSPORT; THYLAKOIDS; ATP; PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION AB The potency of various uncouplers for collapsing the light-induced pH gradient across thylakoid membranes in intact chloroplasts was investigated by time-resolved optical spectroscopy. The thylakoid transmembrane pH gradient (DELTApH) was monitored indirectly by measuring the rate of cytochrome (Cyt) f reduction following a light flash of sufficient duration to create a sizable DELTApH. The results show that the rate of Cyt f reduction is controlled in part by the internal pH of the thylakoid inner aqueous space. At pH values from 6.5 to 8.0, the Cyt f reduction rate was maximal, whereas at lower pH values from 6.5 to 5.5 the reduction rate decreased to 25% of the maximal rate. The ability of three uncouplers, nigericin, carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, and gramicidin, to accelerate the rate of Cyt f reduction was determined for intact chloroplasts isolated from spinach (Spinacia oleracea). The efficacy of the uncouplers for collapsing the DELTApH was determined using the empirical relationship between the DELTApH and the Cyt f reduction rate. For intact chloroplasts, nigericin was the most effective uncoupler, followed by carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, which interacted strongly with bovine serum albumin. Gramicidin D, even at high gramicidin:chlorophyll ratios, did not completely collapse the pH gradient, probably because it partitions in the envelope membranes and does not enter the intact chloroplast. C1 UNIV WYOMING,DEPT BOT,LARAMIE,WY 82071. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT BIOPHYS,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTHESIS RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 52 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 101 IS 1 BP 89 EP 96 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KG721 UT WOS:A1993KG72100012 ER PT B AU Radin, JW AF Radin, JW BE Close, TJ Bray, EA TI Water relations of cotton in controlled environments and the field SO PLANT RESPONSES TO CELLULAR DEHYDRATION DURING ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Riverside Symposium in Plant Physiology - Plant Responses to Cellular Dehydration During Environmental Stress CY JAN 28-30, 1993 CL UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE, RIVERSIDE, CA SP Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci HO UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 BN 0-943088-26-7 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1993 VL 10 BP 67 EP 78 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BG18X UT WOS:A1993BG18X00008 ER PT B AU Curry, J WalkerSimmons, MK AF Curry, J WalkerSimmons, MK BE Close, TJ Bray, EA TI Sequence analysis of wheat cDNAs for abscisic acid-responsive genes expressed in dehydrated wheat seedlings and the cyanobacterium, anabaena SO PLANT RESPONSES TO CELLULAR DEHYDRATION DURING ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Riverside Symposium in Plant Physiology - Plant Responses to Cellular Dehydration During Environmental Stress CY JAN 28-30, 1993 CL UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE, RIVERSIDE, CA SP Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci HO UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 BN 0-943088-26-7 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1993 VL 10 BP 128 EP 136 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BG18X UT WOS:A1993BG18X00013 ER PT J AU MILLS, D HAMMERSCHLAG, FA AF MILLS, D HAMMERSCHLAG, FA TI EFFECT OF CECROPIN-B ON PEACH PATHOGENS, PROTOPLASTS, AND CELLS SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PRUNUS PERSICA; XANTHOMONAS COMPESTRIS; PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE; CYTOFLUOROMETRY; MEROCYANINE 540; FLUORESCEIN DIACETATE; BACTERICIDE ID ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDES; MEMBRANES; CULTURE; MEROCYANINE-540; RESISTANCE; COMPONENTS; IMMUNITY; PLANTS AB The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cecropin B on peach cells and bacterial pathogens of peach for assessing the feasibility of introducing the cecropin gene into peach for pathogen protection. Cecropin B, a lytic peptide, caused depolarization of the plasmalemma, as determined by the change in fluorescence of cells and protoplasts stained with merocyanine 540, and impaired the integrity of the plasmalemma, as determined by fluorescein diacetate staining. Both protoplasts and cells were more affected by cecropin B when isolated in highly osmotic solutions of the non-penetrating osmoticum mannitol or in solutions containing low calcium. Cells were more sensitive than protoplasts to cecropin B under increased osmoticum, but less sensitive under low calcium. Under conditions of high calcium and low osmotic potential, cells were unaffected by 10 mu M cecropin B but were rendered non-viable by about 100 mu M. Lethal concentrations of cecropin B on peach pathogens Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae were at 0.1-0.5 mu M. These findings suggest that it will be feasible to introduce the gene for cecropin B into peach cells for enhancing the resistance against bacterial pathogens. C1 BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,INST APPL RES,IL-84110 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. RP MILLS, D (reprint author), USDA,ARS,PMBL,BARC W,BLDG 006,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1993 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(93)90043-Y PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA MQ963 UT WOS:A1993MQ96300015 ER PT J AU OZIASAKINS, P SCHNALL, JA ANDERSON, WF SINGSIT, C CLEMENTE, TE ADANG, MJ WEISSINGER, AK AF OZIASAKINS, P SCHNALL, JA ANDERSON, WF SINGSIT, C CLEMENTE, TE ADANG, MJ WEISSINGER, AK TI REGENERATION OF TRANSGENIC PEANUT PLANTS FROM STABLY TRANSFORMED EMBRYOGENIC CALLUS SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ARACHIS HYPOGAEA; GROUNDNUT; HYGROMYCIN RESISTANCE; PLANT TRANSFORMATION ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM-L; ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L; MICROPROJECTILE BOMBARDMENT; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; GENE-TRANSFER; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; TOBACCO PLANTS; FOREIGN GENES; EXPRESSION AB Embryogenic tissue cultures of Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut or groundnut), have been transformed via microprojectile bombardment. We introduced a gene (hph) conferring resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Selection for resistant callus was initiated 4-5 weeks post-bombardment on medium containing 10-20 mg/l hygromycin. Twelve percent of the bombardments resulted in recovery of a transgenic cell line. An average of two transgenic embryogenic cell lines was isolated per bombardment experiment over 4-6 months of continuous selection. Each bombardment experiment consisted of 11-19 plates, and each plate contained approximately fourteen 25 mm(2) embryogenic callus pieces. Thus, nearly 1% of the bombarded callus pieces produced a stably transformed cell line. Over 100 plants have been regenerated collectively from all of the transformed cell lines. The presence and integration of foreign DNA in hygromycin-resistant callus lines and regenerated plants has been confirmed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of a defined portion of the chimeric gene and by Southern hybridization analysis. Hygromycin resistance was expressed in leaflets from transformed plants which remained green when cultured on basal medium containing hygromycin. Leaflets from control, non-transformed plants turned brown within 3 weeks on the hygromycin-containing medium. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP OZIASAKINS, P (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,DEPT HORT,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 34 TC 63 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1993 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(93)90048-5 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA MQ963 UT WOS:A1993MQ96300020 ER PT J AU DUKE, SO AF DUKE, SO TI TENTOXIN EFFECTS ON VARIABLE FLUORESCENCE AND P515 ELECTROCHROMIC ABSORBENCY CHANGES IN TENTOXIN-SENSITIVE AND TENTOXIN-RESISTANT PLANT-SPECIES SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; P515 ELECTROCHROMIC ABSORBENCY CHANGE; PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION; PHYTOTOXIN; TENTOXIN; CHLOROPLAST COUPLING FACTOR ID POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; CYCLIC TETRAPEPTIDE; CHLOROPLASTS; SPINACH; LOCALIZATION; ACIFLUORFEN; INHIBITION; SEEDLINGS; NICOTIANA; NUCLEAR AB The effects of the cyclic tetrapeptide phytotoxin, tentoxin, on variable chlorophyll fluorescence quenching and the P515 electrochromic absorbance change were examined in tentoxin-sensitive and -resistant species and an interspecies hybrid. Immediately after infiltration of leaf discs, up to 100 muM tentoxin had no effect on the O, I, D, or P portions of the fluoresence transients of either tentoxin-sensitive or -resistant plants. However, the quenching of fluorescence following maximal fluorescence was reduced by approximately fourfold in tentoxin-treated tissues of tentoxin-sensitive plants, but was unaffected in resistant plants. Tentoxin significantly increased the magnitude of the P515 electrochromic absorbance change in all tentoxin sensitive plants by an average of approximately twofold. However, it was unaffected by tentoxin in resistant species. These data suggest that there is a close correlation between interaction of tentoxin with CF1 ATPase in vivo and the ability to cause chlorosis in developing chloroplasts. RP DUKE, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1993 VL 90 IS 2 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(93)90231-N PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA LN510 UT WOS:A1993LN51000001 ER PT J AU SHARPE, FT SCHAEFFER, GW AF SHARPE, FT SCHAEFFER, GW TI DISTRIBUTION OF AMINO-ACIDS IN BRAN, EMBRYO AND MILLED ENDOSPERM AND SHIFTS IN STORAGE PROTEIN SUBUNITS OF IN-VITRO-SELECTED AND LYSINE-ENHANCED MUTANT AND WILD-TYPE RICE SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RICE; MUTANT; ENDOSPERM; PROTEIN; LYSINE ID SEED PROTEIN; GENE; GLUTELIN; ANTHER AB Experiments were designed to test whether an enhanced lysine phenotype from in vitro selections was expressed in milled rice, Oryza sativa L. Analysis of the endosperm tissue after removal of the aleurone and outer layers proved the grains maintained enhanced lysine after milling. Mutant endosperm had 15% greater lysine than the control and the enhanced lysine was correlated with reduced glutamic acid in two different mutants. Glutelins separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed increases in the protein quantity of the 33-kDa alpha and 21-kDa beta subunits. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1993 VL 90 IS 2 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(93)90234-Q PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA LN510 UT WOS:A1993LN51000004 ER PT J AU DAVIDONIS, G AF DAVIDONIS, G TI COTTON FIBER GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT INVITRO - EFFECTS OF TUNICAMYCIN AND MONENSIN SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COTTON FIBERS; OVULE CULTURE; MONENSIN; TUNICAMYCIN ID CELL-WALL SYNTHESIS; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; CELLULOSE SYNTHESIS; OVULES; BIOSYNTHESIS; SUBSTANCES; INHIBITORS; CARROT AB The effects of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of lipid-linked glycosyl transfer, and monensin, an inhibitor of Golgi function, on ovule growth and fiber development in fertilized cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) ovules grown in vitro were examined. Ovules were treated with inhibitors at the fiber elongation stage of development and at the time when secondary wall synthesis was initiated. Ovules were examined after 21 days in culture. A 24-h tunicamycin treatment (0.5-1.0 mug/ml) at 2-6 days post anthesis inhibited fiber elongation and secondary wall deposition. A 24-h monensin treatment (1.5 muM) at 6-11 days post anthesis did not inhibit elongation but suppressed secondary wall deposition. The time period 2-11 days post anthesis is important in fiber development. A perturbation of fiber growth at that time period inhibited both fiber elongation and subsequent secondary wall deposition that occurred several days after treatment. RP DAVIDONIS, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70119, USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PY 1993 VL 88 IS 2 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1016/0168-9452(93)90095-H PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA KQ951 UT WOS:A1993KQ95100012 ER PT B AU Gustine, DL Sherwood, RT Moyer, BG AF Gustine, DL Sherwood, RT Moyer, BG BE Schultz, JC Raskin, I TI Metabolites of Pseudomonas corrugata elicit plant defense reactions SO PLANT SIGNALS IN INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER ORGANISMS SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Penn-State Symposium in Plant Physiology - Plant Signals in Interactions with Other Organisms CY MAY 20-22, 1993 CL STATE COLL, PA SP Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Program Plant Physiol C1 USDA ARS,US PASTURE LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 BN 0-943088-28-3 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1993 VL 11 BP 239 EP 240 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BG18Y UT WOS:A1993BG18Y00032 ER PT B AU Baker, CJ Orlandi, EW Mock, NM AF Baker, CJ Orlandi, EW Mock, NM BE Schultz, JC Raskin, I TI Elicitation of the active oxygen response by harpin SO PLANT SIGNALS IN INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER ORGANISMS SE CURRENT TOPICS IN PLANT PHYSIOLOGY : AN AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Penn-State Symposium in Plant Physiology - Plant Signals in Interactions with Other Organisms CY MAY 20-22, 1993 CL STATE COLL, PA SP Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Program Plant Physiol C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MOL PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 BN 0-943088-28-3 J9 CUR TOP PL PY 1993 VL 11 BP 253 EP 255 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BG18Y UT WOS:A1993BG18Y00037 ER PT J AU TIMPA, JD TRIPLETT, BA AF TIMPA, JD TRIPLETT, BA TI ANALYSIS OF CELL-WALL POLYMERS DURING COTTON FIBER DEVELOPMENT SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE CELLULOSE; GOSSYPIUM; CELL WALL; FIBER (COTTON) ID HIRSUTUM-L FIBERS; CELLULOSE; GOSSYPIUM; BIOSYNTHESIS; INVITRO; XYLOGLUCAN AB Although the fibers of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are single cells with a secondary wall composed primarily of cellulose, the cell-wall polymers of the fibers are technically difficult to characterize with respect to molecular weights. This limitation hinders understanding how the fiber wall composition changes during development, particularly with respect to genotypic variations, and how the molecular composition is related to physical properties. We analyzed cell-wall polymers from cotton fibers (cultivar, Texas Marker-1) at several developmental stages (8-60 days post-anthesis; DPA) by gel-permeation chromatography of components soluble in dimethyl acetamide and lithium chloride. This procedure solubilizes fiber cell-wall components directly without prior extraction or derivatization, processes that could lead to degradation of high-molecular-weight components. Cell-wall polymers from fibers at primary cell-wall stages had lower molecular weights than the cellulose from fibers at the secondary wall stages; however, the high-molecular-weight cellulose characteristic of mature cotton was detected as early as 8 DPA. High-molecular-weight material decreased during the period of 10-1 8 DPA with concomitant increase in lower-molecular-weight wall components, possibly indicating hydrolysis during the later stages of elongation. RP TIMPA, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 35 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JAN PY 1993 VL 189 IS 1 BP 101 EP 108 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KD460 UT WOS:A1993KD46000015 ER PT S AU WING, RE CARR, ME DOANE, WM SCHREIBER, MM AF WING, RE CARR, ME DOANE, WM SCHREIBER, MM BE Elnokaly, MA Piatt, DM Charpentier, BA TI CONTROLLED-RELEASE OF HERBICIDE FROM AN UNMODIFIED STARCH MATRIX SO POLYMERIC DELIVERY SYSTEMS: PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON POLYMERIC DELIVERY SYSTEMS, AT THE 203RD NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOC CY APR 05-10, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER CHEM SOC, DIV CELLULOSE PAPER & TEXTILE CHEM, AMER CHEM SOC, BIOTECHNOL SECRETARIAT RP WING, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT,PLANT POLYMER RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA WASHINGTON SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-2624-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 520 BP 211 EP 219 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Polymer Science SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Polymer Science GA BY04P UT WOS:A1993BY04P00014 ER PT J AU SPOONER, DM CLAUSEN, AM AF SPOONER, DM CLAUSEN, AM TI WILD POTATO (SOLANUM SECT PETOTA) GERMPLASM COLLECTING EXPEDITION TO ARGENTINA IN 1990, AND STATUS OF ARGENTINEAN POTATO GERMPLASM RESOURCES SO POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COLLECTING EXPEDITION; TAXONOMY ID UTILITY AB A joint Argentina/United States expedition collected wild potato (Solanum sect. Petota) germplasm in Argentina between February 4 - 28 and March 28 - April 18, 1990. This was followed by a short expedition between February 27 and March 3, 1991. Collections were made in the Andes Mountains from southern Tucuman Province (27-degrees 20'S), south to southern Rio Negro Province (40-degrees 52'S) and comprised 88 lots of germplasm of ten species, 76 as true-seed and 12 as tubers. The most important new collections included germplasm of S. brevidens, S. maglia, S. x rechei and S. venturii. By summarizing details of these collections with those of existing collections, we have been able to suggest future collecting in Argentina. C1 INST NACL TECNOL AGROPECUARIA,RA-7620 BALCARCE,ARGENTINA. RP SPOONER, DM (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN ASSN POTATO RES PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 20, 6700 WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-3065 J9 POTATO RES JI Potato Res. PY 1993 VL 36 IS 1 BP 3 EP 12 DI 10.1007/BF02359828 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LK211 UT WOS:A1993LK21100001 ER PT J AU CONTRERAS, A CIAMPI, L PADULOSI, S SPOONER, DM AF CONTRERAS, A CIAMPI, L PADULOSI, S SPOONER, DM TI POTATO GERMPLASM COLLECTING EXPEDITION TO THE GUAITECAS AND CHONOS ARCHIPELAGOS, CHILE, 1990 SO POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; BREEDING; COLLECTING EXPEDITION; GERMPLASM AB A joint Chilean, Italian, and United States potato (Solanum tuberosum) germplasm collecting expedition was conducted in the Guaitecas and Chonos Archipelagos, south of Chiloe Island, between March 4 - March 21, 1990. The expedition resulted in 30 collections of Solanum tuberosum and 1 collection of Fragaria chiloensis L. Twenty-three of the potato collections were along the salt-water-swept shores of the islands. These beach populations, unlike the indigenous landraces in southern Chile, are self-perpetuating populations and provide useful new germplasm for researchers interested in the origin of cultivated potatoes and in the origin of Solanum tuberosum in Chile. C1 UN, FAO, I-00145 ROME, ITALY. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT HORT, USDA ARS, VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RP CONTRERAS, A (reprint author), UNIV AUSTRAL CHILE, INST PROD & SANIDAD VEGETAL, CASILLA 567, VALDIVIA, CHILE. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU EUROPEAN ASSN POTATO RES PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 20, 6700 WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-3065 J9 POTATO RES JI Potato Res. PY 1993 VL 36 IS 4 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1007/BF02361797 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NJ500 UT WOS:A1993NJ50000006 ER PT J AU BAMBERG, JB HANNEMAN, RE AF BAMBERG, JB HANNEMAN, RE TI TRANSMISSION AND YIELD EFFECTS OF A GIBBERELLIN MUTANT ALLELE IN POTATO SO POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GAMETOPHYTIC SELECTION; RECIPROCAL DIFFERENCES; GA; DWARFS; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM-L; TUBERIZATION; PLANTS AB A selected clone of Solanum tuberosum Group Andigena PI 347773 (clone Adg 11.1) and the cultivar Superior had previously been shown to be heterozygous at a gibberellin related dwarfing locus, ga1. Experiments were conducted to test for gametophytic selection for alleles at the ga1 locus in reciprocal crosses and for the effect of genotype on tuber yield. The genotypes of individuals from Superior-Adg 11.1 reciprocal F1 families were determined by test crossing. Genotypic classes could be distinguished by the percentages of dwarf seedlings in their test cross progeny. No differences were found in the genotypic distributions of the reciprocal families, which indicates gametophytic selection at this locus is not the cause of reciprocal yield differences. Superior-Adg 11.1 individuals classified by ga1 locus genotype were evaluated for tuber yield. Tuber yields were highly correlated with genotype in both reciprocal families. Yields followed the pattern of simplex > duplex > triplex, indicating that the recessive mutant ga1 allele exhibited a dose effect stimulating yield. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP BAMBERG, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,INTERREG POTATO INTRODUCT STN,STURGEON BAY,WI 54235, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU EUROPEAN ASSN POTATO RES PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 20, 6700 WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-3065 J9 POTATO RES JI Potato Res. PY 1993 VL 36 IS 4 BP 365 EP 372 DI 10.1007/BF02361804 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NJ500 UT WOS:A1993NJ50000013 ER PT J AU KUBENA, LF HARVEY, RB HUFF, WE ELISSALDE, MH YERSIN, AG PHILLIPS, TD ROTTINGHAUS, GE AF KUBENA, LF HARVEY, RB HUFF, WE ELISSALDE, MH YERSIN, AG PHILLIPS, TD ROTTINGHAUS, GE TI EFFICACY OF A HYDRATED SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE TO REDUCE THE TOXICITY OF AFLATOXIN AND DIACETOXYSCIRPENOL SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AFLATOXIN; 4,15-DIACETOXYSCIRPENOL; BODY WEIGHT; BROILERS; HYDRATED SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE ID BROILER-CHICKENS; T-2 TOXIN; ACTIVATED-CHARCOAL; FEED REFUSAL; MYCOTOXINS; DIMINUTION; PREVENTION; T-2-TOXIN; TOXICOSIS; DIETS AB A hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) was incorporated into diets (.5%) containing 3.5 mg/kg aflatoxin (AF) and 5.0 mg/kg diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) singly and in combination. Male broiler chicks received ad libitum access to their respective diets and water from 1 to 21 days of age. Body weight gains were significantly (P < .05) depressed by AF and DAS singly and a synergistic interaction occurred between AF and DAS for a further depression of body weight gains. Alterations in hematological and serum biochemical values, as well as serum enzyme activities, were observed for the AF and the AF and DAS combination. Additionally, a significant interaction occurred between AF and DAS for some biochemical values and enzyme activities. Adding HSCAS resulted in almost total protection against the effects caused by AF alone, limited protection against the combination, but no protection against the DAS alone. These findings indicate that HSCAS can diminish the adverse effects of AF but not of DAS. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT VET ANAT & PUBL HLTH,COLL STN,TX 77843. UNIV MISSOURI,COLL VET MED,VET MED DIAGNOST LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP KUBENA, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 44 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 72 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KG094 UT WOS:A1993KG09400007 PM 8381229 ER PT J AU EMARA, MG NESTOR, KE AF EMARA, MG NESTOR, KE TI THE TURKEY MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX - CHARACTERIZATION BY MIXED LYMPHOCYTE, GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST SPLENOMEGALY, AND SKIN-GRAFT REACTIONS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; MIXED LYMPHOCYTE REACTION; GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST SPLENOMEGALY; SKIN GRAFT REACTION; GENOTYPE ID CHICKENS; DISEASE AB A turkey subline at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center was developed by DNA typing of the MHC using a chicken MHC Class II probe, and it segregated for specific MHC genotypes. Histocompatibility was examined between turkeys of known MHC genotype using skin graft procedures, mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR), and graft-versus-host reactions (GVHR). Skin grafts were exchanged among 3-wk-old turkeys and it was found that when birds shared DNA patterns (genotypes), the skin grafts were usually accepted. In contrast, skin grafts were always rejected when birds did not share the identical DNA pattern. Similarly, MLR only occurred when the lymphocytes were derived from birds that did not share the same DNA pattern. Lastly, GVHR were examined in embryos injected with either sire or dam blood. The GVHR in embryos was dependent on the parental MHC genotype. Four MHC haplotypes were identified in the turkey subline. The turkey MHC has been designated MhcMega-B, and each of the haplotypes, Mega-B1 through Mega-B4. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT POULTRY SCI,WOOSTER,OH 44691. USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 72 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KG094 UT WOS:A1993KG09400008 PM 8426846 ER PT J AU EHRLICH, KC AF EHRLICH, KC TI PARTIAL-PURIFICATION OF A PEA SEED DNA-BINDING PROTEIN THAT SPECIFICALLY RECOGNIZES 5-METHYLCYTOSINE SO PREPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CPG METHYLATION; PROMOTER SEQUENCE; NUCLEI; GENE; SITES; PAIR AB Previously, a DNA-binding protein (DBPm) was identified in plant nuclei that may mediate the effects of DNA methylation on chromatin structure and transcription. In the present report, DBPm was partially purified from germinated pea (Pisum sativum) seed nuclear extracts by DEAE-cellulose, phenylsepharose, heparin-sepharose chromatography, and preparative mobility shift on polyacrylamide gels. The purified activity showed a band at approximately 50 kD by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as well as by Sephadex 0100 chromatography, suggesting that DBPm is present as a monomer. RP EHRLICH, KC (reprint author), USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0032-7484 J9 PREP BIOCHEM JI Prep. Biochem. PY 1993 VL 23 IS 4 BP 423 EP 438 DI 10.1080/10826069308544567 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA MD166 UT WOS:A1993MD16600001 PM 8248026 ER PT S AU ROBERTS, SB AF ROBERTS, SB BE Williams, CL Kimm, SYS TI ENERGY-EXPENDITURE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY OBESITY SO PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Obesity CY MAR 09-11, 1993 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, NIH, NIDDKD, NHLBI, NICHHD, WYETH AYERST LABS ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; CHILDREN; ANIMALS; INFANTS; HUMANS; RISK RP ROBERTS, SB (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,US DEPT AGR,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,ENERGY METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-831-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1993 VL 699 BP 18 EP 25 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18833.x PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA BZ46T UT WOS:A1993BZ46T00004 PM 8267308 ER PT S AU RHOADES, JD AF RHOADES, JD GP FAO TI REDUCING SALINIZATION OF SOIL AND WATER BY IMPROVING IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE MANAGEMENT SO PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION BY AGRICULTURE AND RELATED ACTIVITIES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FAO EXPERT CONSULTATION SE FAO WATER REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT FAO Expert Consultation on Prevention of Water Pollution by Agriculture and Related Activities CY OCT 20-23, 1992 CL SANTIAGO, CHILE SP FAO C1 USDA,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92502. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOOD & AGRICUL ORGANIZATION UNITED NATIONS PI ROME PA VIA DELLE TERME DI CARACALLA, 00100 ROME, ITALY SN 1020-1203 BN 92-5-103380-3 J9 FAO WATER REP PY 1993 VL 1 BP 291 EP 320 PG 30 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BB20B UT WOS:A1993BB20B00024 ER PT S AU BURT, JP AF BURT, JP GP FAO TI PREVENTION OF WATER-POLLUTION BY AGRICULTURE AND RELATED ACTIVITIES SO PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION BY AGRICULTURE AND RELATED ACTIVITIES: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FAO EXPERT CONSULTATION SE FAO WATER REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT FAO Expert Consultation on Prevention of Water Pollution by Agriculture and Related Activities CY OCT 20-23, 1992 CL SANTIAGO, CHILE SP FAO C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOOD & AGRICUL ORGANIZATION UNITED NATIONS PI ROME PA VIA DELLE TERME DI CARACALLA, 00100 ROME, ITALY SN 1020-1203 BN 92-5-103380-3 J9 FAO WATER REP PY 1993 VL 1 BP 321 EP 326 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BB20B UT WOS:A1993BB20B00025 ER PT J AU HEARN, CJ AF HEARN, CJ BE Childers, NF TI THE INFLUENCE OF CULTIVAR AND HIGH-NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION ON FRUIT-QUALITY TRAITS OF YOUNG ORANGE TREES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 106TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP FLORIDA STATE HORT SOC DE CITRUS; HAMLIN; NAVEL; VALENCIA; AMBERSWEET; GRANULATION; PEEL THICKNESS; SOLIDS; ACIDITY C1 USDA ARS,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1993 BP 8 EP 12 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BA75S UT WOS:A1993BA75S00003 ER PT J AU WUTSCHER, HK MCDONALD, RE YELENOSKY, G AF WUTSCHER, HK MCDONALD, RE YELENOSKY, G BE Childers, NF TI RESPIRATION DIFFERENCES OF CITRUS ROOTSTOCK FEEDER ROOTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 106TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP FLORIDA STATE HORT SOC DE OXYGEN UPTAKE; CO2 EVOLUTION C1 USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1993 BP 60 EP 62 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BA75S UT WOS:A1993BA75S00015 ER PT S AU YOKOMI, RK TANG, YQ NONG, L KOKYOKOMI, ML AF YOKOMI, RK TANG, YQ NONG, L KOKYOKOMI, ML BE Childers, NF TI POTENTIAL MITIGATION OF THE THREAT OF THE BROWN CITRUS APHID, TOXOPTERA-CITRICIDA (KIRKALDY), BY INTEGRATED PEST-MANAGEMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 106TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP FLORIDA STATE HORT SOC DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PARASITOIDS; PREDATORS; CROSS PROTECTION C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1993 BP 81 EP 85 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BA75S UT WOS:A1993BA75S00021 ER PT J AU GOTTWALD, TR GARNSEY, SM YOKOMI, RK AF GOTTWALD, TR GARNSEY, SM YOKOMI, RK BE Childers, NF TI POTENTIAL FOR SPREAD OF CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS AND ITS VECTOR, THE BROWN CITRUS APHID SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 106TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP FLORIDA STATE HORT SOC DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; TRANSPORT; TRAJECTORY; DIFFUSION; SURVIVAL; REDISTRIBUTION; PROBABILITY OF INTRODUCTION C1 USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1993 BP 85 EP 94 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BA75S UT WOS:A1993BA75S00022 ER PT S AU MILLER, WR MCDONALD, RE AF MILLER, WR MCDONALD, RE BE Childers, NF TI QUALITY OF COLD-TREATED ARKIN CARAMBOLA COATED WITH WAX OR PLASTIC FILM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 106TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP FLORIDA STATE HORT SOC DE POSTHARVEST; AVERRHOA-CARAMBOLA L; MARKET QUALITY; CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA (LOEW) C1 USDA ARS,USHRL,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1993 BP 234 EP 238 DI 10.1109/WESCON.1993.488440 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BA75S UT WOS:A1993BA75S00068 ER PT S AU HALLMAN, GJ CHALOT, DS AF HALLMAN, GJ CHALOT, DS BE Childers, NF TI POSSIBLE QUARANTINE TREATMENTS FOR FLORIDA AGRICULTURAL FOOD COMMODITIES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 106TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP FLORIDA STATE HORT SOC DE CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY; INSECTS; PESTS; COMMODITY TREATMENT C1 USDA ARS,MIAMI,FL 33158. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1993 BP 240 EP 243 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BA75S UT WOS:A1993BA75S00070 ER PT J AU HANSEN, JD AF HANSEN, JD BE Childers, NF TI FIELD PHENOLOGY OF RED GINGER, ALPINIA-PURPURATA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 106TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP FLORIDA STATE HORT SOC DE GROWTH; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; TROPICAL CUT FLOWER C1 USDA ARS,MIAMI,FL 33158. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1993 BP 290 EP 292 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BA75S UT WOS:A1993BA75S00085 ER PT J AU YELENOSKY, G VU, CVJ BAUSHER, MG AF YELENOSKY, G VU, CVJ BAUSHER, MG BE Childers, NF TI PACLOBUTRAZOL-INDUCED DWARFING OF VALENCIA ORANGE TREES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 106TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 106th Annual Meeting of the Florida-State-Horticultural-Society CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL MIAMI BEACH, FL SP FLORIDA STATE HORT SOC DE PP333; GROWTH REGULATORS; DWARFING; CITRUS-SINENSIS C1 USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOC PI WINTER HAVEN PA 800 LAKE JESSIE DRIVE, WINTER HAVEN, FL 33881 SN 0097-1219 J9 P FL ST HORTIC SOC PY 1993 BP 329 EP 332 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BA75S UT WOS:A1993BA75S00099 ER PT J AU Buxton, DR AF Buxton, DR BE Hunt, C TI Management and environmental factors influencing quality characteristics of forages SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 28TH ANNUAL PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANIMAL NUTRITION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Pacific Northwest Animal Nutrition Conference CY OCT 26-28, 1993 CL BOISE, ID SP Univ Idaho, Idaho Feed & Grain Assoc, Oregon State Univ, Oregon Feed & Grain Assoc, Washington State Univ, Pacific NW Grain & Feed Assoc, Univ Brit Columbia, Brit Columbia Feed Ind Assoc, Alltech Inc, Hoffmann LaRoche Inc, J R Simplot Co, Kemin Ind, Pitman Moore Co, Zinpro Corp, Heart Land Lysine, Chicago, Ill RP Buxton, DR (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,USDA,ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PACIFIC NORTHWEST ANIMAL NUTRITION CONFERENCE PI PORTLAND PA 1725 NW 24TH AVE, PORTLAND, OR 97210 PY 1993 BP 87 EP 99 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BH04B UT WOS:A1993BH04B00007 ER PT J AU COCHRAN, BG BACON, EJ HARP, GL AF COCHRAN, BG BACON, EJ HARP, GL BE Trauth, S TI LARVAL CHIRONOMIDS OF THE ST-FRANCIS SUNKEN LANDS IN NORTHEAST ARKANSAS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ARKANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, VOL 47, 1993 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 77th Annual Meeting of the Arkansas-Academy-of-Science CY APR 02-03, 1993 CL HENDERSON STATE UNIV ARKADELPHIA, ARKADELPHIA, AR SP ARKANSAS ACAD SCI, DEPT NAT SCI HO HENDERSON STATE UNIV ARKADELPHIA C1 US FOREST SERV,GLENWOOD,AR 71943. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARKANSAS ACADEMY SCIENCE PI LITTLE ROCK PA DEPT BIOL UNIV ARKANSAS, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72204 PY 1993 BP 31 EP 33 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BA71H UT WOS:A1993BA71H00006 ER PT J AU PARDEW, MG COCHRAN, BG POSEY, WR AF PARDEW, MG COCHRAN, BG POSEY, WR BE Trauth, S TI RANGE EXTENSION OF THE PALEBACK DARTER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ARKANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, VOL 47, 1993 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 77th Annual Meeting of the Arkansas-Academy-of-Science CY APR 02-03, 1993 CL HENDERSON STATE UNIV ARKADELPHIA, ARKADELPHIA, AR SP ARKANSAS ACAD SCI, DEPT NAT SCI HO HENDERSON STATE UNIV ARKADELPHIA C1 US FOREST SERV,MT IDA,AR 71957. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARKANSAS ACADEMY SCIENCE PI LITTLE ROCK PA DEPT BIOL UNIV ARKANSAS, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72204 PY 1993 BP 86 EP 88 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BA71H UT WOS:A1993BA71H00017 ER PT B AU SAUGEY, DA ENGLAND, DR CHANDLERMOZISEK, LR MCDANIEL, VR ROWE, MC COCHRAN, BG AF SAUGEY, DA ENGLAND, DR CHANDLERMOZISEK, LR MCDANIEL, VR ROWE, MC COCHRAN, BG BE Trauth, S TI ARKANSAS RANGE EXTENSIONS OF THE EASTERN SMALL-FOOTED BAT (MYOTIS-LEIBII) AND NORTHERN LONG-EARED BAT (MYOTIS-SEPTENTRIONALIS) AND ADDITIONAL COUNTY RECORDS FOR THE SILVER-HAIRED BAT (LASIONYCTERIS-NOCTIVAGANS), HOARY BAT (LASIURUS-CINEREUS), SOUTHEASTERN BAT (MYOTIS-AUSTRORIPARIUS), AND RAFINESQUES BIG-EARED BAT (PLECOTUS-RAFINESQUII) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ARKANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, VOL 47, 1993 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 77th Annual Meeting of the Arkansas-Academy-of-Science CY APR 02-03, 1993 CL HENDERSON STATE UNIV ARKADELPHIA, ARKADELPHIA, AR SP ARKANSAS ACAD SCI, DEPT NAT SCI HO HENDERSON STATE UNIV ARKADELPHIA C1 US FOREST SERV,JESSIEVILLE,AR 71949. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ARKANSAS ACADEMY SCIENCE PI LITTLE ROCK PA DEPT BIOL UNIV ARKANSAS, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72204 PY 1993 BP 102 EP 106 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BA71H UT WOS:A1993BA71H00021 ER PT J AU SMITH, RJ BALTAZAR, AM NASTASI, P AF SMITH, RJ BALTAZAR, AM NASTASI, P BE Trauth, S TI EFFECT OF LIGHT, NITROGEN, AND WATER MANAGEMENT ON RICE (ORYZA-SATIVA) TOLERANCE TO FENOXAPROP SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ARKANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, VOL 47, 1993 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 77th Annual Meeting of the Arkansas-Academy-of-Science CY APR 02-03, 1993 CL HENDERSON STATE UNIV ARKADELPHIA, ARKADELPHIA, AR SP ARKANSAS ACAD SCI, DEPT NAT SCI HO HENDERSON STATE UNIV ARKADELPHIA C1 USDA ARS,STUTTGART,AR 72160. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARKANSAS ACADEMY SCIENCE PI LITTLE ROCK PA DEPT BIOL UNIV ARKANSAS, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72204 PY 1993 BP 116 EP 122 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BA71H UT WOS:A1993BA71H00024 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP AF DUBEY, JP BE DeNovo, R TI NEOSPOROSIS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH ANNUAL VETERINARY MEDICAL FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Veterinary Medical Forum CY 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER COLL VET INTERNAL MEDHILLS PET NUTR INC, HILLS PET NUTR INC, MERCK RES LABS, WALTHAM, SMITHKLINE BEECHAM ANIM HLTH, UPJOHN, CIBA GEIGY, VET RES ASSOC, RALSTON PURINA C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVE STOCK & POULTRY,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE PI LAKEWOOD PA 7175 W JEFFERSON AVE STE 2125, LAKEWOOD, CO 80235 PY 1993 BP 710 EP 712 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BA40A UT WOS:A1993BA40A00190 ER PT J AU BRIGHT, SA AF BRIGHT, SA BE DeNovo, R TI COMMUNICATING RISKS - PERCEPTION VS REALITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH ANNUAL VETERINARY MEDICAL FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Veterinary Medical Forum CY 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER COLL VET INTERNAL MEDHILLS PET NUTR INC, HILLS PET NUTR INC, MERCK RES LABS, WALTHAM, SMITHKLINE BEECHAM ANIM HLTH, UPJOHN, CIBA GEIGY, VET RES ASSOC, RALSTON PURINA C1 USDA,APHIS,BBEP,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE PI LAKEWOOD PA 7175 W JEFFERSON AVE STE 2125, LAKEWOOD, CO 80235 PY 1993 BP 803 EP 807 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BA40A UT WOS:A1993BA40A00217 ER PT J AU NAKAHARA, S AF NAKAHARA, S TI A NEW NAME FOR A HOMONYM IN CATINATHRIPS (THYSANOPTERA, THRIPIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Note RP NAKAHARA, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 95 IS 1 BP 129 EP 129 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KJ003 UT WOS:A1993KJ00300017 ER PT J AU BAKKE, JE DAVISON, KL AF BAKKE, JE DAVISON, KL GP SOC LUXEMBOURGEOISE BIOL CLIN A S B L TI EFFECTS OF AT-125 ON THE PROCESSING OF GLUTATHIONE CONJUGATES IN-VIVO SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST EUROPEAN WORKSHOP ON GLUTATHIONE: REGULATION, CELLULAR DEFENCES & CLINICAL ASPECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st European Workshop on Glutathione: Regulation, Cellular Defences and Clinical Aspects CY MAY, 1993 CL LUXEMBOURG, LUXEMBOURG SP SOC LUXEMBOURGEOISE BIOL CLIN A S B L C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC LUXEMBOURGEOISE BIOLOGIE CLINIQUE PI LUXEMBOURG PA BP 2187, LUXEMBOURG, LUXEMBOURG L-1021 PY 1993 BP 108 EP 113 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BA22C UT WOS:A1993BA22C00013 ER PT J AU BURN, JE BAGNALL, DJ METZGER, JD DENNIS, ES PEACOCK, WJ AF BURN, JE BAGNALL, DJ METZGER, JD DENNIS, ES PEACOCK, WJ TI DNA METHYLATION, VERNALIZATION, AND THE INITIATION OF FLOWERING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE THERMOINDUCTION; 5-AZACYTIDINE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA ID THLASPI-ARVENSE L; SEQUENCE SPECIFICITY; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE-EXPRESSION; DEMETHYLATION; GIBBERELLINS; FRAGMENTS; GROWTH; CELLS AB Late-flowering ecotypes and mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana and the related crucifer Thlaspi arvense flower early after cold treatment (vernalization). Treatment with the DNA demethylating agent 5-azacytidine induced nonvernalized plants to flower significantly earlier than untreated controls. Cytidine at similar concentrations had no effect on time to flower. In contrast, late-flowering mutants that are insensitive to vernalization did not respond to 5-azacytidine treatment. Normal flowering time was reset in the progeny of plants induced to flower early with 5-azacytidine, paralleling the lack of inheritance of the vernalized condition. Arabidopsis plants, either cold-treated or 5-azacytidine-treated, had reduced levels of 5-methylcytosine in their DNA compared to nonvernalized plants. A Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cell line also showed a marked decrease in the level of 5-methylcytosine after treatment with either 5-azacytidine or low temperature. We suggest that DNA methylation provides a developmental control preventing early flowering in Arabidopsis and Thlaspi ecotypes. Vernalization, through its general demethylating effect, releases the block to flowering initiation. We propose that demethylation of a gene critical for flowering permits its transcription. We further suggest, on the basis of Thlaspi data, that the control affects transcription of kaurenoic acid hydroxylase, a key enzyme in the gibberellic acid biosynthetic pathway. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LABS,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105. RP BURN, JE (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV PLANT IND,GPO BOX 1600,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. RI Dennis, Elizabeth/A-6074-2008; Peacock, William /B-7139-2009 NR 34 TC 206 Z9 252 U1 4 U2 41 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 1 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 1 BP 287 EP 291 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.1.287 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KF407 UT WOS:A1993KF40700059 PM 11607346 ER PT B AU RIDPATH, JF BOLIN, SR AF RIDPATH, JF BOLIN, SR BE Edwards, S TI Molecular characterization of bovine viral diarrhea viral protein, gp53 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND SYMPOSIUM ON PESTIVIRUSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Pestiviruses CY OCT 01-03, 1992 CL ANNECY, FRANCE SP European Soc Vet Virol, Merieux Fdn RP USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL CATTLE RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FONDATION MERIEUX PI LYONS PA 17 RUE BOURGELAT, 69002 LYONS, FRANCE BN 2-84039-020-5 PY 1993 BP 35 EP 40 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences; Virology SC Veterinary Sciences; Virology GA BD74J UT WOS:A1993BD74J00005 ER PT B AU RIDPATH, JF BOLIN, SR SAWYER, M OSBURN, BI AF RIDPATH, JF BOLIN, SR SAWYER, M OSBURN, BI BE Edwards, S TI Characterization of a North American isolate of cytopathic border disease virus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND SYMPOSIUM ON PESTIVIRUSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Pestiviruses CY OCT 01-03, 1992 CL ANNECY, FRANCE SP European Soc Vet Virol, Merieux Fdn RP USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FONDATION MERIEUX PI LYONS PA 17 RUE BOURGELAT, 69002 LYONS, FRANCE BN 2-84039-020-5 PY 1993 BP 71 EP 73 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences; Virology SC Veterinary Sciences; Virology GA BD74J UT WOS:A1993BD74J00012 ER PT B AU BOLIN, SR AF BOLIN, SR BE Edwards, S TI Primary postnatal infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (acute BVD) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND SYMPOSIUM ON PESTIVIRUSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Symposium on Pestiviruses CY OCT 01-03, 1992 CL ANNECY, FRANCE SP European Soc Vet Virol, Merieux Fdn RP USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FONDATION MERIEUX PI LYONS PA 17 RUE BOURGELAT, 69002 LYONS, FRANCE BN 2-84039-020-5 PY 1993 BP 85 EP 89 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences; Virology SC Veterinary Sciences; Virology GA BD74J UT WOS:A1993BD74J00016 ER PT J AU MCGURK, BJ BERG, NH KATTELMANN, RC AF MCGURK, BJ BERG, NH KATTELMANN, RC BE Ferrick, M Pangburn, T TI IDENTIFICATION AND REGIONAL SPATIAL EXTENT OF RAIN-DOMINATED WINTER STORMS IN CALIFORNIA SIERRA-NEVADA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTY-FIRST ANNUAL WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Western Snow Conference/50th Annual Eastern Snow Conference CY JUN 08-10, 1993 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,BERKELEY,CA 94701. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU 61ST WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI QUEBEC PA QUEBEC QUEBEC, CANADA PY 1993 BP 67 EP 74 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BA96Z UT WOS:A1993BA96Z00009 ER PT J AU JONES, RA AF JONES, RA BE Ferrick, M Pangburn, T TI THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE ANNUAL SNOWPACK TO THE WATER YIELD FROM THE INNER BASIN OF THE SAN-FRANCISCO PEAKS, ARIZONA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTY-FIRST ANNUAL WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Western Snow Conference/50th Annual Eastern Snow Conference CY JUN 08-10, 1993 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,PHOENIX,AZ 85012. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU 61ST WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI QUEBEC PA QUEBEC QUEBEC, CANADA PY 1993 BP 291 EP 299 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BA96Z UT WOS:A1993BA96Z00036 ER PT J AU TROENDLE, CA SCHMIDT, RA MARTINEZ, MH AF TROENDLE, CA SCHMIDT, RA MARTINEZ, MH BE Ferrick, M Pangburn, T TI PARTITIONING THE DEPOSITION OF WINTER SNOWFALL AS A FUNCTION OF ASPECT ON FORESTED SLOPES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTY-FIRST ANNUAL WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Western Snow Conference/50th Annual Eastern Snow Conference CY JUN 08-10, 1993 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA C1 ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU 61ST WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE PI QUEBEC PA QUEBEC QUEBEC, CANADA PY 1993 BP 373 EP 379 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA BA96Z UT WOS:A1993BA96Z00046 ER PT J AU COHEN, WB HARMON, ME WALLIN, DO FERRELL, WK HOMANN, P SOLLINS, P FIORELLA, M AF COHEN, WB HARMON, ME WALLIN, DO FERRELL, WK HOMANN, P SOLLINS, P FIORELLA, M GP CONSORTIUM INT EARTH SCI INFORMAT NETWORK TI MODELING EFFECTS OF LAND-USE ON CARBON STORAGE IN THE FORESTS OF THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST USA - A TEST OF METHODS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-FIFTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: TOOLS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Symposium on Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change: Tools for Sustainable Development CY APR 04-08, 1993 CL GRAZ, AUSTRIA SP CONSORTIUM INT EARTH SCI INFORMAT NETWORK, ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN, JOANNEUM RES, GRAZER CONGRESS CTR, NASA, TELESPAZIO S P A C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST MICHIGAN PI ANN ARBOR PA PO BOX 134001, ANN ARBOR, MI 48113-4001 PY 1993 BP A533 EP A539 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BA32L UT WOS:A1993BA32L00052 ER PT B AU YOUNGQUIST, JA SPELTER, H ENGLISH, BE CHOW, P AF YOUNGQUIST, JA SPELTER, H ENGLISH, BE CHOW, P BE Maloney, TM TI AGRICULTURAL FIBERS IN COMPOSITION PANELS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-SEVENTH WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL PARTICLEBOARD/COMPOSITE MATERIALS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Washington State University International Particleboard/Composite Materials Symposium CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1993 CL PULLMAN, WA SP WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, WOOD MAT & ENGN LAB, WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, CONF & INST, WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, COLL ENGN & ARCHITECTURE C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PRESS PI PULLMAN PA PULLMAN, WA 99164 PY 1993 BP 133 EP 152 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BA42M UT WOS:A1993BA42M00009 ER PT B AU BUTTERY, RG LING, L AF BUTTERY, RG LING, L BE Schreier, P Winterhalter, P TI ENZYMATIC PRODUCTION OF VOLATILES IN TOMATOES SO PROGRESS IN FLAVOUR PRECURSOR STUDIES: ANALYSIS - GENERATION - BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Progress in Flavour Precursor Studies; Analysis - Generation - Biotechnology CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 1992 CL WURZBURG, GERMANY C1 USDA ARS,WRRC,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ALLURED PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI CAROL STREAM PA 362 S SCHMALE RD, CAROL STREAM, IL 60188 BN 0-931710-30-8 PY 1993 BP 137 EP 146 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Organic; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BB98J UT WOS:A1993BB98J00011 ER PT J AU KELLEY, DS DAUDU, PA AF KELLEY, DS DAUDU, PA TI FAT INTAKE AND IMMUNE-RESPONSE SO PROGRESS IN FOOD AND NUTRITION SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE HUMANS; IMMUNE STATUS; FATTY ACIDS; LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; NEUTROPHILS ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; KILLER-CELL-ACTIVITY; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; MEDIATED CYTO-TOXICITY; DIETARY-FAT; NATURAL-KILLER; FISH-OIL; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS AB Changing the concentration or the type of fat intake impacts several aspects of the immune response involving lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils. An increase in the intake of fat inhibited immune response in humans and in several animal models. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of N-6 type lowered immune response in several animal models, but a moderate increase in the consumption of N-6 PUFA by humans did not have any detectable adverse effect on the immune response. In humans, several indices of immune response were inhibited by the N-3 PUFA, but in animals both inhibition and stimulation were found, depending upon the species, the fatty acids used and the index being examined. Whether the absolute amounts or the ratios between individual fatty acids or fatty acid classes are critical in determining their effects on immune response need to be investigated. Manipulation of fat intake has already found limited success in managing some of the disorders of the immune system and further use of this treatment is anticipated. RP KELLEY, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 118 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-0632 J9 PROG FOOD NUTR SCI PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 41 EP 63 PG 23 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KV784 UT WOS:A1993KV78400002 PM 8502755 ER PT J AU GOUDIE, CA SIMCO, BA DAVIS, KB CARMICHAEL, GJ AF GOUDIE, CA SIMCO, BA DAVIS, KB CARMICHAEL, GJ TI SIZE GRADING MAY ALTER SEX-RATIOS OF FINGERLING CHANNEL CATFISH SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Article ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; BODY-WEIGHT; SELECTION AB The influence of size grading on sex ratios and growth was evaluated for small (0.2-4.0 g) channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Channel catfish from 15 families were ungraded or were graded into two or three size-groups by mean of bar graders with 0.40-0.99-cm slot widths. The 57 groups obtained were reared separately for 3-4 months in 150-L fiberglass tanks. Weight, length, and sex were then determined on up to 100 fish per group. The frequency of males from all families was 51.5%; although progeny from individual families varied from 45.1 to 56.0% males, the frequencies were not different from the expected 1:1 male: female ratio. Males usually were preferentially selected (mean +/- SD, 65.1 +/- 3.5%) by a grader with a slot width of 0.91 cm, which retained the largest fish in a population; graders with smaller slot widths did not consistently affect the sex distribution. Harvest size of fingerlings was variable and was influenced by initial weights and densities; family-by-grader interactions were significant (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05). Sexually dimorphic growth was observed in 19 of 57 tanks, and in those instances males were always larger than females. Variances for weight and length between sexes were different in less than 10% of the tanks, and the magnitude of the variance differences was significantly influenced by families. These results suggest that grading fingerlings as small as 3 g can affect sex ratios and that channel catfish families may be selected to enhance or decrease sex-related growth differences. C1 MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ECOL RES CTR,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. RP GOUDIE, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CATFISH GENET RES UNIT,POB 38,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 55 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055<0009:SGMASR>2.3.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LG666 UT WOS:A1993LG66600002 ER PT J AU VAUGHN, KC SHERMAN, TD RENZAGLIA, KS AF VAUGHN, KC SHERMAN, TD RENZAGLIA, KS TI A CENTRIN HOMOLOG IS A COMPONENT OF THE MULTILAYERED STRUCTURE IN BRYOPHYTES AND PTERIDOPHYTES SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE CENTRIN; MULTILAYERED STRUCTURE; BRYOPHYTE SPERMATID; PTERIDOPHYTE SPERMATID; MICROTUBULE ORGANIZING CENTER ID MICROTUBULE ORGANIZING CENTERS; PTERIDIUM-AQUILINUM; PLANT-CELLS; PROTEIN; SPERMATOGENESIS; BLEPHAROPLAST; CALMODULIN; TUBULIN; LOCALIZATION; CYTOSKELETAL AB The multilayered structure (MLS), a component of the locomotory complex of plant sperm, has been utilized extensively by taxonomists in establishing phylogenetic relationships between the lower plants and algae. Unfortunately, there has been almost no biochemical characterization of the MLS and, in those studies that did attempt a characterization, conflicting results were obtained. We utilized antisera to the calcium-binding protein centrin to probe thin sections of the mid-stage spermatids of the anthocerote Phaeoceros laevis, the hepatic Sphaerocarpos texanus, and the pteridophyte Ceratopteris richardii embedded in L. R. White resin. The lamellar strip (LS; layers S2-S4) of the MLS in each of these species is labelled strongly with anti-centrin, but the S, layer, composed of microtubules. is not. In Ceratopteris, centrin is also detected in the amorphous electron opaque material that connects the basal bodies of the flagella. Both the MLS and the amorphous zones are putative microtubule organizing centers. Extracts from axenic cultures of Ceratopteris subjected for electrophoresis and Western blotting revealed a reactive band at 19.3 kDa, a protein similar in molecular mass to algal centrin. These data indicate that the MLS is composed at least partially of the protein centrin or a protein antigenically-related to centrin. This report is the first electron microscopic immunocytochemical demonstration that a centrin homologue is found in land plants and that it occurs at putative microtubule organizing centers. C1 E TENNESSEE STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,JOHNSON CITY,TN 37614. RP VAUGHN, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 33 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 1993 VL 175 IS 1-2 BP 58 EP 66 DI 10.1007/BF01403284 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA LX919 UT WOS:A1993LX91900006 ER PT J AU BECARD, G PFEFFER, PE AF BECARD, G PFEFFER, PE TI STATUS OF NUCLEAR DIVISION IN ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI DURING IN-VITRO DEVELOPMENT SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE CHARGE-COUPLED DEVICE; DNA FLUORESCENCE; GIGASPORA-MARGARITA; IMAGE PROCESSING; IN-VITRO CULTURE; NUCLEAR DIVISION ID GLOMUS-CALEDONIUS; DNA; SPORES; FLUORESCENCE; EVENTS; GROWTH AB The number of nuclei in spores and along hyphae of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Gigaspora margarita was measured in digital images of fluorescence arising from mithramycin stained cultures. Typical dormant spores (250 mum diameter) contained 2000 nuclei. Eight hundred nuclei were mobilized during the first 3 days of germination. The number of nuclei in the spores nearly returned to the initial number after 22 days of hyphal growth. The average relative DNA content in the nuclei of dormant spores and in the nuclei of spores incubated for 22 days was comparable, as judged from fluorescence intensity, Hyphal elongation occurred with 460 nuclei per cm under a special set of in vitro conditions that promote extensive hyphal growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We found an average total of 26 000 hyphal nuclei per germinating spore after 22 days. The specific DNA polymerase alpha inhibitor aphidicolin did not inhibit spore germination but it rapidly reduced the rate of hyphal growth and arrested growth after 4 days. No nuclei were produced de novo during this time. These results demonstrate that G. margarita replicates nuclear DNA and undergoes nuclear division when grown in vitro even in the absence of a plant host. RP BECARD, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 17 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 1993 VL 174 IS 1-2 BP 62 EP 68 DI 10.1007/BF01404043 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA LL585 UT WOS:A1993LL58500008 ER PT B AU BOUWER, H AF BOUWER, H GP UNIV ARIZONA, WATER RESOURCES RES CTR TI ISSUES IN ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE OF GROUNDWATER SO PURPOSE, PROBLEMS AND PROGRESS, SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS: SIXTH BIENNIAL SYMPOSIUM ON ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE OF GROUNDWATER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Biennial Symposium on Artificial Recharge of Groundwater CY MAY 19-21, 1993 CL SCOTTSDALE, AZ SP SALT RIVER PROJECT, USDA ARS, US WATER CONSERVATION LAB, UNIV ARIZONA, WATER RESOURCES RES CTR, MALCOLM PIRNIE INC, KLEINFELDER, BROWN & CALDWELL, GERAGHTY & MILLER INC, ERROL L MONTGOMERY C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CTR UNIVERSITY ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA US WATER CONSERVATION LAB USDA-ARS, TUCSON, AZ 85721 PY 1993 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BB20Y UT WOS:A1993BB20Y00001 ER PT B AU MEBUS, CA AF MEBUS, CA BE Mowat, N TI The Plum Island (USA) model SO QUALITY CONTROL OF VETERINARY VACCINES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SE FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH PAPER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Expert Consultation on Quality Control of Veterinary Vaccines in Developing Countries CY DEC 02-06, 1991 CL FAO, ROME, ITALY SP FAO HO FAO C1 USDA,NATL VET SERV LAB,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,FOREIGN ANIM DIS LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD & AGRICUL ORGANIZATION UNITED NATIONS PI ROME PA VIA DELLE TERME DI CARACALLA, 00100 ROME, ITALY BN 92-5-103398-6 J9 FAO ANIM PR PY 1993 VL 116 BP 301 EP 304 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BD39J UT WOS:A1993BD39J00038 ER PT B AU MEBUS, CA AF MEBUS, CA BE Mowat, N TI The role of molecular biology in quality control of veterinary vaccines and biologicals SO QUALITY CONTROL OF VETERINARY VACCINES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SE FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH PAPER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Expert Consultation on Quality Control of Veterinary Vaccines in Developing Countries CY DEC 02-06, 1991 CL FAO, ROME, ITALY SP FAO HO FAO C1 USDA,NATL VET SERV LAB,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,FOREIGN ANIM DIS LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD & AGRICUL ORGANIZATION UNITED NATIONS PI ROME PA VIA DELLE TERME DI CARACALLA, 00100 ROME, ITALY BN 92-5-103398-6 J9 FAO ANIM PR PY 1993 VL 116 BP 323 EP 325 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BD39J UT WOS:A1993BD39J00041 ER PT B AU MEBUS, CA AF MEBUS, CA BE Mowat, N TI Licensing and quality control of DNA technology products SO QUALITY CONTROL OF VETERINARY VACCINES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SE FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH PAPER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Expert Consultation on Quality Control of Veterinary Vaccines in Developing Countries CY DEC 02-06, 1991 CL FAO, ROME, ITALY SP FAO HO FAO C1 USDA,NATL VET SERV LAB,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,FOREIGN ANIM DIS LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD & AGRICUL ORGANIZATION UNITED NATIONS PI ROME PA VIA DELLE TERME DI CARACALLA, 00100 ROME, ITALY BN 92-5-103398-6 J9 FAO ANIM PR PY 1993 VL 116 BP 343 EP 347 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BD39J UT WOS:A1993BD39J00045 ER PT S AU TELEK, L MIKLAS, PN AF TELEK, L MIKLAS, PN BE vanderPoel, AFB Huisman, J Saini, HS TI Estimation of condensed tannins in faba bean (Vicia faba L). SO RECENT ADVANCES OF RESEARCH IN ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS IN LEGUME SEEDS SE EAAP EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Antinutritional Factors (ABFS) in Legume Seeds CY DEC 01-03, 1993 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP BP Nutri Nederland B V, Cargill, Nestle S A, Cebeco Zaden B V, Cent Soya Aarhus A S, Degussa AG, Gist Brocades, Agro Business Grp B V, Loders Croklaan B V, Maribo Seed, NRV Inc, Alto Dairy Coop, Nutrifeed, Div Campina Melkunie B V, Sogip DE QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; NYLON CHROMATOGRAPHY C1 USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WAGENINGEN PERS, STICHTING PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 42, 6700AA WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0071-2477 BN 90-74134-08-4 J9 EAAP PUBLIC PY 1993 IS 70 BP 117 EP 120 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BD52N UT WOS:A1993BD52N00018 ER PT J AU BAKST, MR AF BAKST, MR TI OVIDUCAL SPERM STORAGE IN POULTRY - A REVIEW SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Sperm Preservation and Encapsulation CY DEC 08-11, 1991 CL TROP BEEF CTR, ROCKHAMPTON, AUSTRALIA HO TROP BEEF CTR ID TURKEY; SPERMATOZOA; HENS; QUANTIFICATION; CHOLESTEROL; TUBULES; NUMBERS; FERTILE; GLANDS; LAYER RP BAKST, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 1993 VL 5 IS 6 BP 595 EP 599 DI 10.1071/RD9930595 PG 5 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA MY980 UT WOS:A1993MY98000003 PM 9627722 ER PT B AU PARROTTA, JA AF PARROTTA, JA BE Lieth, H Lohmann, M TI SECONDARY FOREST REGENERATION ON DEGRADED TROPICAL LANDS - THE ROLE OF PLANTATIONS AS FOSTER ECOSYSTEMS SO RESTORATION OF TROPICAL FOREST ECOSYSTEMS SE TASKS FOR VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Restoration of Tropical Forest Ecosystems CY OCT 07-10, 1991 CL BONN, GERMANY DE ALBIZIA-LEBBEK; BIODIVERSITY; CANOPY-UNDERSTORY INTERACTIONS; SEED DISPERSAL; SEEDLING DYNAMICS; TROPICAL COASTAL DUNES C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,SO FOREST EXPT STN,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928. NR 0 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-1945-1 J9 TASK VEG SC PY 1993 VL 30 BP 63 EP 73 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BA36G UT WOS:A1993BA36G00006 ER PT J AU AHL, AS ACREE, JA AF AHL, AS ACREE, JA BE Robinet, AH TI IMPLICATIONS OF REGIONALIZATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT FOR DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES SO REVUE D ELEVAGE ET DE MEDECINE VETERINAIRE DES PAYS TROPICAUX, TOME 46 (NOUVELLE SER), NO. 1-2, 1993 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY FEB 02-06, 1993 CL ST FRANCOIS, GUADELOUPE SP SOC TROP VET MED DE DOMESTIC ANIMAL; ANIMAL PRODUCT; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; INTERNATIONAL TRADE; IMPORT CONTROL; DEVELOPING COUNTRY C1 USDA,APHIS,POLICY & PROGRAM DEV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXPANSION SCIENTIF FRANCAISE PI PARIS PA 15 RUE ST-BENOIT, F-75278 PARIS, FRANCE PY 1993 BP 19 EP 22 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BZ92P UT WOS:A1993BZ92P00001 ER PT J AU AHL, AS BARTLETT, PC FRERICHS, WM AF AHL, AS BARTLETT, PC FRERICHS, WM BE Robinet, AH TI SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF BRUCELLA ANTIBODIES IN SHEEP AND GOATS ON SAINT-CROIX, UNITED-STATES VIRGIN-ISLANDS SO REVUE D ELEVAGE ET DE MEDECINE VETERINAIRE DES PAYS TROPICAUX, TOME 46 (NOUVELLE SER), NO. 1-2, 1993 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY FEB 02-06, 1993 CL ST FRANCOIS, GUADELOUPE SP SOC TROP VET MED DE SHEEP; GOAT; IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUE; BRUCELLA-MELITENSIS; ANTIBODY; SAINT-CROIX C1 USDA,APHIS,POLICY & PROGRAM DEV,RISK ANAL SYST,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXPANSION SCIENTIF FRANCAISE PI PARIS PA 15 RUE ST-BENOIT, F-75278 PARIS, FRANCE PY 1993 BP 61 EP 63 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BZ92P UT WOS:A1993BZ92P00008 ER PT J AU HOUSE, JA AF HOUSE, JA BE Robinet, AH TI RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AFRICAN HORSE SICKNESS VACCINES FOR USE IN NONENDEMIC AREAS SO REVUE D ELEVAGE ET DE MEDECINE VETERINAIRE DES PAYS TROPICAUX, TOME 46 (NOUVELLE SER), NO. 1-2, 1993 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY FEB 02-06, 1993 CL ST FRANCOIS, GUADELOUPE SP SOC TROP VET MED DE AFRICAN HORSE SICKNESS; DISEASE ERADICATION; INACTIVATED VACCINE; MODIFIED LIVE VACCINE; CULICOIDES; VECTOR; SLAUGHTERING C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,APHIS,VS,NVSL,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXPANSION SCIENTIF FRANCAISE PI PARIS PA 15 RUE ST-BENOIT, F-75278 PARIS, FRANCE PY 1993 BP 77 EP 81 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BZ92P UT WOS:A1993BZ92P00011 ER PT J AU BOKMA, BH SHAW, JL AF BOKMA, BH SHAW, JL BE Robinet, AH TI ERADICATION OF A NEW FOCUS OF AMBLYOMMA-VARIEGATUM IN PUERTO-RICO SO REVUE D ELEVAGE ET DE MEDECINE VETERINAIRE DES PAYS TROPICAUX, TOME 46 (NOUVELLE SER), NO. 1-2, 1993 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Tropical-Veterinary-Medicine CY FEB 02-06, 1993 CL ST FRANCOIS, GUADELOUPE SP SOC TROP VET MED DE CATTLE; DOG; HEN; AMBLYOMMA-VARIEGATUM; TICK; TICK CONTROL; ACARICIDE; SPRAYING; PUERTO-RICO; SAINT CROIX; UNITED-STATES VIRGIN-ISLANDS C1 USDA,APHIS VS,SAN JUAN,PR 00936. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXPANSION SCIENTIF FRANCAISE PI PARIS PA 15 RUE ST-BENOIT, F-75278 PARIS, FRANCE PY 1993 BP 355 EP 358 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BZ92P UT WOS:A1993BZ92P00062 ER PT J AU SMITH, MC KNISEL, WG MICHAEL, JL NEARY, DG AF SMITH, MC KNISEL, WG MICHAEL, JL NEARY, DG BE Banasik, K Zbikowski, A TI SIMULATING EFFECTS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON PESTICIDE LOSSES WITH GLEAMS SO RUNOFF AND SEDIMENT YIELD MODELLING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Runoff and Sediment Yield Modelling CY SEP 14-16, 1993 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP WARSAW AGR UNIV, FAC LAND RECLAMAT & ENVIRONM ENGN, DEPT HYDRAUL STRUCT C1 AUBURN UNIV,US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WARSAW AGRICULTURAL UNIV PRESS PI WARSAW PA WARSAW, POLAND PY 1993 BP 157 EP 162 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BC02N UT WOS:A1993BC02N00018 ER PT J AU MERTZ, W AF MERTZ, W TI RISK ASSESSMENT OF ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Biological Monitoring, Carcinogenicity and Risk Assessment of Trace Elements, as 3rd International Conference on Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease CY MAY 25-29, 1992 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP INT SOC TRACE ELEMENTS RES HUMANS, INT COMMISS OCCUPAT HLTH, SCI COMM TOXICOL MET, INT AGCY RES CANC, INT LIFE SCI INST C1 USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1993 VL 19 SU 1 BP 112 EP 112 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MW461 UT WOS:A1993MW46100023 PM 8159956 ER PT J AU UTHUS, EO NIELSEN, FH AF UTHUS, EO NIELSEN, FH TI DETERMINATION OF THE POSSIBLE REQUIREMENT AND REFERENCE DOSE LEVELS FOR ARSENIC IN HUMANS SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposia on Biological Monitoring, Carcinogenicity and Risk Assessment of Trace Elements, as 3rd International Conference on Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease CY MAY 25-29, 1992 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP INT SOC TRACE ELEMENTS RES HUMANS, INT COMMISS OCCUPAT HLTH, SCI COMM TOXICOL MET, INT AGCY RES CANC, INT LIFE SCI INST RP UTHUS, EO (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PY 1993 VL 19 SU 1 BP 137 EP 138 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MW461 UT WOS:A1993MW46100033 PM 8159966 ER PT J AU WALL, RJ AF WALL, RJ TI TRANSGENIC ANIMALS - GROSVELD,F, KOLLIAS,G SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP WALL, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 1 PY 1993 VL 259 IS 5091 BP 109 EP 109 DI 10.1126/science.259.5091.109 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KE601 UT WOS:A1993KE60100043 PM 17757481 ER PT B AU SIMANTON, JR OSTERKAMP, WR RENARD, KG AF SIMANTON, JR OSTERKAMP, WR RENARD, KG BE Hadley, RF Mizuyama, T TI SEDIMENT YIELD IN A SEMIARID BASIN - SAMPLING EQUIPMENT IMPACTS SO SEDIMENT PROBLEMS: STRATEGIES FOR MONITORING, PREDICTION, AND CONTROL SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Sediment Problems: Strategies for Monitoring, Prediction, and Control CY JUL 19-21, 1993 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP INT ASSOC HYDROL SCI, INT COMMISS CONTINENTAL EROS C1 USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB BN 0-947571-78-7 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1993 IS 217 BP 3 EP 9 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BB28K UT WOS:A1993BB28K00001 ER PT B AU ROBICHAUD, PR FOLTZ, RB LUCE, CH AF ROBICHAUD, PR FOLTZ, RB LUCE, CH BE Hadley, RF Mizuyama, T TI DEVELOPMENT OF AN ON SITE SEDIMENT PREDICTION MODEL FOR FOREST ROADS AND TIMBER HARVEST AREAS SO SEDIMENT PROBLEMS: STRATEGIES FOR MONITORING, PREDICTION, AND CONTROL SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Sediment Problems: Strategies for Monitoring, Prediction, and Control CY JUL 19-21, 1993 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP INT ASSOC HYDROL SCI, INT COMMISS CONTINENTAL EROS C1 USDA ARS,FORESTRY SCI LAB,INTERMT RES STN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB BN 0-947571-78-7 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1993 IS 217 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BB28K UT WOS:A1993BB28K00016 ER PT B AU RITCHIE, JC MURPHEY, JB GRISSINGER, EH GARBRECHT, JD AF RITCHIE, JC MURPHEY, JB GRISSINGER, EH GARBRECHT, JD BE Hadley, RF Mizuyama, T TI MONITORING STREAMBANK AND GULLY EROSION BY AIRBORNE LASER SO SEDIMENT PROBLEMS: STRATEGIES FOR MONITORING, PREDICTION, AND CONTROL SE IAHS PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Sediment Problems: Strategies for Monitoring, Prediction, and Control CY JUL 19-21, 1993 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP INT ASSOC HYDROL SCI, INT COMMISS CONTINENTAL EROS C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB BN 0-947571-78-7 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 1993 IS 217 BP 161 EP 166 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA BB28K UT WOS:A1993BB28K00019 ER PT B AU SKILLING, DD AF SKILLING, DD BE Barklund, P Livsey, S Karlman, M Stephan, R TI THE LIFE CYCLE OF GREMMENIELLA-ABIETINA IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES AND CONTINENTS - AN OVERVIEW SO SHOOT DISEASES OF CONIFERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Shoot Diseases of Conifers CY JUN 10-15, 1991 CL GARPENBERG, SWEDEN SP INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG C1 N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI RESEARCH INFO CENTER PI UPPSALA PA BOX 7044, S-750 07 UPPSALA, SWEDEN BN 91-576-4730-5 PY 1993 BP 7 EP 18 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA BC86E UT WOS:A1993BC86E00001 ER PT B AU SKILLING, D OSTRY, M PIJUT, P AF SKILLING, D OSTRY, M PIJUT, P BE Barklund, P Livsey, S Karlman, M Stephan, R TI THE USE OF TISSUE CULTURE TO PRODUCE TREES WITH RESISTANCE TO CANKER DISEASES SO SHOOT DISEASES OF CONIFERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Shoot Diseases of Conifers CY JUN 10-15, 1991 CL GARPENBERG, SWEDEN SP INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG C1 N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI RESEARCH INFO CENTER PI UPPSALA PA BOX 7044, S-750 07 UPPSALA, SWEDEN BN 91-576-4730-5 PY 1993 BP 123 EP 129 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA BC86E UT WOS:A1993BC86E00018 ER PT J AU KLOPFENSTEIN, NB MCNABB, HS HART, ER HALL, RB HANNA, RD HEUCHELIN, SA ALLEN, KK SHI, NQ THORNBURG, RW AF KLOPFENSTEIN, NB MCNABB, HS HART, ER HALL, RB HANNA, RD HEUCHELIN, SA ALLEN, KK SHI, NQ THORNBURG, RW TI TRANSFORMATION OF POPULUS HYBRIDS TO STUDY AND IMPROVE PEST RESISTANCE SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE POPULUS; AGROBACTERIUM; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; PEST RESISTANCE; GENETIC ENGINEERING; NEOMYCIN PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE ID POPLAR; INSECTS; TREES; ASSAY AB Plant defense mechanisms that have activity against a specified pest contribute to resistance of trees to that pest, provided that the defense mechanism is expressed at adequate levels in the appropriate tissues. Additionally, the stability and (or) physiological efficiency of the resistance may be increased by expressing the defense mechanism only when the tree is threatened by pest attack or challenge. In studies aimed at understanding and improving pest resistance of trees, 2 Populus hybrids, Populus alba L. X P. grandidentata MICHX. and P. X euramericana (DODE) GUINIER, were transformed with chimeric plant defense gene constructs based on the potato proteinase inhibitor II (pin2) gene. An Agrobacterium binary vector system was used to transform these hybrids with one of the following chimeric genes: 1) a wound-inducible pin2 promoter linked to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene; 2) a bacterial nopaline synthase (nos) promoter linked to a PIN2 structural gene; or 3) a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter linked to a PIN2 structural gene. All of the transgenic poplars also were transformed with a selectable marker gene consisting of a nos promoter linked to a neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPT II) structural gene which confers kanamycin resistance. Tissue-specific expression of the nos-NPT II gene construct is being evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Transgenic poplar lines from separate transformation events demonstrate variable levels of nos-NPT II expression. Expression of nos-NPT II was detected in leaves, petioles, stems, and roots of one transgenic poplar (Tr15). Thus, the nos promoter has the potential to regulate chimeric defense genes in poplar when constitutive, whole-plant expression is warranted. Assays of the CAT reporter gene were hampered by a component of wounded poplar leaf extracts that inhibits CAT enzyme activity. Nevertheless, inducible expression of the pin2-CAT gene construct was demonstrated by northern hybridization, indicating that pin2 has the potential to promote expression of introduced defense genes in response to pest attack or challenge. An established field test of transgenic poplars containing pin2-CAT has completed its third season, and is being evaluated for transgene expression and effects of gene insertion on growth. Efforts to confirm transgene expression in poplars transformed with nos-PIN2 or 35s-PIN2 currently are underway. Transgenic poplars expressing PIN2 will be evaluated for resistance to insects (imported willow leaf beetle, Plagiodera versicolora LAICHARTING, and cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta F.) and fungal pathogens (Septoria musiva PECK. and Melampsora medusae THUM.). C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT FORESTRY,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,AMES,IA 50011. RP KLOPFENSTEIN, NB (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA,FOREST SERV,CTR SEMIARID AGROFORESTRY,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, W-6000 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 1993 VL 42 IS 2-3 BP 86 EP 90 PG 5 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA LQ068 UT WOS:A1993LQ06800005 ER PT J AU SLUDER, ER AF SLUDER, ER TI RESULTS AT AGE 15 YEARS FROM A HALF-DIALLEL CROSS AMONG 10 LOBLOLLY PINES SELECTED FOR RESISTANCE TO FUSIFORM RUST (CRONARTIUM-QUERCUUM F-SP FUSIFORME) SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE PINUS-TAEDA; CRONARTIUM-QUERCUUM F-SP; FUSIFORME; BREEDING; SELECTION AB Ten loblolly pine seed orchard clones selected for their high resistance to the southern fusiform rust fungus were crossed in a half-diallel mating scheme. The 45 crosses were outplanted in a progeny test in 1974 in Houston County, Georgia, an area of very high rust hazard. Fifteenth-year data showed that the 10 clones differed at the 0.01 level in general combining ability for height and for percentage free of fusiform rust infection at 15 or cumulative percentage free to 15. Also, specific combining abilities of the 10 clones varied at the 0.01 level for rust-free percentage cumulative to age 15. Heritability of percentage rust-free was 0.69 based on 15th-year data and 0.52 based on cumulative records. Heritability of tree height was 0.48 on a family or 0.28 on an individual-tree basis. The 10 clones divided sharply into half with moderate resistance and half with low resistance to rust, even though all had shown high resistance in earlier tests. Mortality percentages of trees with infected stems were not significantly correlated with stem infection percentages, suggesting little or no linkage between susceptibility to stem infection and tolerance of stem cankers. The 3 stages of selection produced a genetic gain of about 32%; that is, 32% more trees were rust-free at age 15. RP SLUDER, ER (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,MACON,GA 31020, USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, W-6000 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 1993 VL 42 IS 4-5 BP 223 EP 230 PG 8 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA ME215 UT WOS:A1993ME21500009 ER PT J AU FADY, B CONKLE, MT AF FADY, B CONKLE, MT TI ALLOZYME VARIATION AND POSSIBLE PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS IN ABIES CEPHALONICA LOUDON AND SOME RELATED EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN FIRS SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE ABIES CEPHALONICA; ALLOZYMES; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PHYLOGENY; ABIES ALBA; ABIES BORNMUELLERIANA; ABIES BORISII REGIS ID SEED TISSUES; POPULATIONS; DIFFERENTIATION; VARIABILITY; BALSAMEA AB A total of 22 loci were assayed in several populations of Abies cephalonica, A. borisii regis, A. bornmuelleriana and A. alba using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Within- and between-population diversity were analyzed as well as between-species diversity. Mean expected heterozygosity was high and ranged between 0.175 and 0.290. The percentage of loci polymorphic was also very high, from 52.9 to 87.5. All populations except the A. borisii regis provenance were either at equilibrium or significantly deficient in heterozygotes, which suggests a certain level of inbreeding. Some alleles were species-specific at the following loci: Pgi1, Pgi2, Lap, Got2 and Mnr1. Most of the genetic divergence between the studied species and provenances appeared recently, during and after the last glaciation. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,INST FOREST GENET,BERKELEY,CA 94701. RP FADY, B (reprint author), INRA,UNITE EXPTL AMELIORAT ARBES FORESTIERS MEDITERRAN,4935 ROUTE DOM,F-83237 BORMES MIMOSAS,FRANCE. NR 33 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, W-6000 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 1993 VL 42 IS 6 BP 351 EP 359 PG 9 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA MR195 UT WOS:A1993MR19500010 ER PT J AU TIGGES, LM TOOTLE, DM AF TIGGES, LM TOOTLE, DM TI UNDEREMPLOYMENT AND RACIAL COMPETITION IN LOCAL-LABOR MARKETS SO SOCIOLOGICAL QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID METROPOLITAN-AREAS; OCCUPATIONAL INEQUALITY; EARNINGS INEQUALITY; SERVICE SECTOR; EMPLOYMENT; RACE; SEGREGATION; BLACK; DISCRIMINATION; HYPOTHESIS AB The primary concern in this paper is to analyze the effects of black population concentration on black and white men's relative and absolute underemployment levels in labor market areas while controlling for the degree of occupational segregation by race. We draw hypotheses from two primary bodies of research; one literature focuses on general racial competition and the other considers competition to be more limited. Our findings that racial inequality in underemployment levels increases with blacks' population share are most consistent with the general competition model. However, we also find some support for the limited competition model which holds that not all whites benefit from increased competition with blacks. Finally, we find that occupational segregation helps to determine the form that racial discrimination in employment adequacy takes. Where occupational segregation is high, black men hold relatively more low-wage jobs, but where occupational segregation is low, they experience higher levels of unemployment and more disadvantage relative to whites. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP TIGGES, LM (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT SOCIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 46 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU JAI PRESS INC PI GREENWICH PA 55 OLD POST RD-#2, PO BOX 1678, GREENWICH, CT 06836-1678 SN 0038-0253 J9 SOCIOL QUART JI Sociol. Q. PY 1993 VL 34 IS 2 BP 279 EP 298 DI 10.1111/j.1533-8525.1993.tb00391.x PG 20 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA LD790 UT WOS:A1993LD79000005 ER PT J AU BUTTS, CL MISHOE, JW JONES, JW ALLEN, LH AF BUTTS, CL MISHOE, JW JONES, JW ALLEN, LH TI A WEIGHING LYSIMETER SYSTEM FOR CONDUCTING EVAPORATION STUDIES SO SOIL AND CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF FLORIDA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article AB rhe lysimeters are 3.1 m long, 2.2 m wide and 1.3 m deep. Each lysimeter is supported by four 4.5 Mg load cells and has a resolution of 0.1 mm over approximately 6.8 m2 surface. The supporting structure was designed so that all load cells are accessible for maintenance and repair from the surface. The design eliminated the need for a counterweight mechanism and reduced requirements for excavation and underground structures. Additional instrumentation included net radiometers to measure net solar radiation impinging upon the soil surface and thermocouples to measure the temperature as a function of depth. A dual-probe gamma radiation density gauge was used to monitor the vertical distribution of soil water. Unit cost for construction and installation of each lysimeter was approximately US$ 17,500 at the time of construction in 1985. Design criteria, calibration curves and typical evaporation data are reported. RP BUTTS, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,DAWSON,GA 31742, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL CROP SCI FLORIDA PI GAINESVILLE PA IFAS UNIV FLORIDA 304 NEWELL HALL, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 SN 0096-4522 J9 SOIL CROP SCI SOC FL JI Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. PY 1993 VL 52 BP 55 EP 60 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MB212 UT WOS:A1993MB21200013 ER PT J AU HUTCHINSON, GL GUENZI, WD LIVINGSTON, GP AF HUTCHINSON, GL GUENZI, WD LIVINGSTON, GP TI SOIL-WATER CONTROLS ON AEROBIC SOIL EMISSION OF GASEOUS NITROGEN-OXIDES SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; MICROBIAL-PRODUCTION; NITRATE; N2O; NITRIFICATION; NITRIFIERS; GRASSLAND; SYSTEM; NO AB Soil water content has multiple effects on the emission of gaseous N oxides. To separate and characterize these effects, we monitored rates of CO2, NO, and N2O evolution and changes in inorganic N concentrations of soil under a factorial combination of three N treatments and three water treatments during a 10-day laboratory incubation study. Because the emission of NO from control and NH4NO3-amended soil varied with the rate of chemoautotrophic NH4+ oxidation and was virtually eliminated by a specific inhibitor of that process [nitrapyrin (2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine)], we concluded that nitrification was the principal NO source over the entire tested range of soil water potentials ( - 10 to less than - 1000 kPa). Denitrification made no significant contribution to N oxide emissions from even the wettest soil, so nitrifiers were probably also responsible for the much smaller emission of N2O under all treatments. Slower ps diffusion in soil with highest, compared to lowest, water content caused a 3-fold reduction in the mean NO:NO3- product ratio of nitrification, suggesting that the NO produced by NH4+-oxidizers is further oxidized unless conditions permit its rapid escape to the atmosphere. Nitrapyrin also eliminated the brief burst of N oxide emissions that typically follows wetting of dry soil, indicating that chemoautotrophic NH4+ oxidation is also involved in this phenomenon despite the poor correlation of the burst's magnitude With soil NH4+ or NO2- concentrations. A second burst of N oxide emissions from control or NH4NO3-amended soil with no inhibitor occurred only where desiccation reduced both NO and CO2 evolution to near zero prior to rewetting the soil after a 7-day drying cycle. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,TGS TECHNOL INC,DIV EARTH SYST SCI,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. RP HUTCHINSON, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 26 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(93)90234-3 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KH853 UT WOS:A1993KH85300001 ER PT J AU AHUJA, LR WENDROTH, O NIELSEN, DR AF AHUJA, LR WENDROTH, O NIELSEN, DR TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INITIAL DRAINAGE OF SURFACE SOIL AND AVERAGE PROFILE SATURATED CONDUCTIVITY SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; WATER PROPERTIES; INSITU DETERMINATION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT AB The measurement of soil hydraulic conductivity, and its spatial and temporal variability, by standard techniques is time consuming and expensive. With an objective to develop a simple field technique, we investigated answers to two questions: Is the change in soil water content of the surface soil, 2 d after a thorough wetting, related to an effective average saturated hydraulic conductivity, K(s), of the soil profile? Can the water content data be used to estimate spatial distribution of this average K(s)? The evaluation was based on a theoretical analysis, using finite-element numerical solutions, for a spectrum of different-textured homogeneous soils, as well as experimental data of three U.S. soils and an international data set containing various soils. In most cases, there was a highly significant correlation between log-log transformations of an effective profile-average K(s) (the steady-state infiltration rate or the harmonic-mean K(s) of the soil profile) and the initial 2 d drainage of the surface soil. In three of the soils, the slope of these relationships was not significantly different from the homogeneous soils theoretical value of 2.53, whereas the slope was not significantly different from an empirical value of 2.0 in all cases. Spatial distributions (fractiles) of the scaling factors of the profile-average K(s) estimated from the surface water content changes in 2 d, using a slope value of 2.0 to 2.5, were fair to good approximations of the measured distributions for most of the soils. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT LAND AIR & WATER RESOURCES,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP AHUJA, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAT RESOURCES RES CTR,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES UNIT,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KW022 UT WOS:A1993KW02200004 ER PT J AU WEIER, KL DORAN, JW POWER, JF WALTERS, DT AF WEIER, KL DORAN, JW POWER, JF WALTERS, DT TI DENITRIFICATION AND THE DINITROGEN NITROUS-OXIDE RATIO AS AFFECTED BY SOIL-WATER, AVAILABLE CARBON, AND NITRATE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ACETYLENE INHIBITION; N2O; REDUCTION; PRODUCTS; GLUCOSE AB Biological denitrification is affected by many environmental factors that control the amount of N2 and N2O entering the atmosphere. This study was conducted to measure the effect of water-filled pore space (WFPS), available C, and soil NO3 concentration on total denitrification (N2 + N2O), using acetylene (C2H2) inhibition, and to ascertain if denitrification could be estimated from N2O measurements in the field using an average N2/N2O ratio. Repacked cores of four benchmark soils were brought to 60, 75, and 90% WFPS by applying treatments of glucose-C (0, 180, and 360 kg ha-1) and NO3-N (0, 50, and 100 kg ha-1). The cores were incubated at 25-degrees-C, with and without 100 mL C2H2 L-1, for 5 d during which daily gas samples of the headspace were analyzed for N2O and CO2. Total N loss due to denitrification generally increased as soil texture became finer and WFPS increased. The only exception to this was the C-amended sand, where N losses up to 26 and 66% were recorded at 60 and 75% WFPS, respectively. Denitrification rates at high N concentrations were quite small in the absence of an available C source but increased with increasing available C (glucose). The N2/N2O ratio generally increased with time of incubation after the initial treatment application. The largest ratios (up to 549) were found at the highest available C rate and generally at the highest soil water content. The presence of high NO3 concentrations apparently inhibited the conversion of N2O to N2, resulting in lower N2/N2O ratios. Using an average N2/N2O ratio for estimation of denitrification from N2O field measurements cannot be recommended because of the variation in this ratio due to the many environmental factors altered by field management that influence denitrification and the relative production of N2 and N2O. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP WEIER, KL (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV TROP CROPS & PASTURES,306 CARMODY RD,ST LUCIA,QLD 4067,AUSTRALIA. NR 25 TC 454 Z9 491 U1 14 U2 180 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KW022 UT WOS:A1993KW02200012 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, BN KENNEDY, AC OGG, AG AF JOHNSON, BN KENNEDY, AC OGG, AG TI SUPPRESSION OF DOWNY BROME GROWTH BY A RHIZOBACTERIUM IN CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RHIZOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; WHEAT ROOTS; COLONIZATION; SOIL; MOTILITY AB Plant-suppressive rhizobacteria have the potential to be used as biological control agents to combat weeds. Pseudomonas fluorescens strain D7 (D7) was introduced to downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) seeds to determine the importance of soil water content and temperature on plant suppression in controlled environments. Downy brome seeds were inoculated with a spontaneous rifampicin-resistant mutant of D7 (D7rif) and grown for 14 d at light/dark temperatures ranging from 10/10 to 25/15-degrees-C. In another study, downy brome seeds were inoculated with D7rif in soil at -1.0, -0.1, and -0.03 MPa water pressure. Root colonization by the introduced bacterium was greater at light/dark temperatures of 10/10-degrees-C than at 18/13 and 25/15-degrees-C. Apical root colonization was limited in dry soil. Strain D7rif suppressed downy brome growth in all treatments, but the extent of suppression varied. Greatest suppression occurred in cool (10/10 or 18/13-degrees-C) or moist (-0.03 MPa) conditions. Like many annual weeds, downy brome seeds germinate and establish in the cool, wet autumn; thus, autumn applications of the bacterium may result in a significant biocontrol benefit. C1 USDA ARS,LAND MANAGEMENT & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,AGR WEED SCI RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 73 EP 77 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KW022 UT WOS:A1993KW02200013 ER PT J AU THOMAS, RS FRANSON, RL BETHLENFALVAY, GJ AF THOMAS, RS FRANSON, RL BETHLENFALVAY, GJ TI SEPARATION OF VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS AND ROOT EFFECTS ON SOIL AGGREGATION SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL STABILITY AB Mycorrhizae influence soil stability, but relative contributions by plant or fungal endophyte to aggregation are little known. We studied the effects of both symbionts together and of each alone on water-stable soil aggregate (WSSA) formation. Split-root soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plants were grown in containers. One side of the split root was colonized by the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe; from here the VAM hyphae penetrated through a screen (44 - mu openings) to a root-free chamber. On the other side of a solid barrier, the non-VAM portion of the root was in contact through a screen with control soil free of roots and VAM hyphae. Thus, the four treatments, VAM roots (roots and hyphae), VAM hyphae, non-VAM roots, and control, were contained in the same experimental unit. Root length and mass were greater in the VAM-root than in the non-VAM-root chamber, whereas the density of VAM hyphae in the soil was lower in the VAM-root than in the VAM-hyphal chamber. The relative amount of WSSA was highest with VAM roots, lowest in the control chamber, and intermediate and similar with non-VAM roots and VAM hyphae. This incidence of WSSA was lower in all of the chambers at harvest (8 mo.) than in the starting material due to slaking. The composition of WSSA showed that the differences in WSSA between treatments was due to a variable slowing of the slaking process by the mycorrhizae. Non-VAM roots and VAM hyphae had similar effects on soil aggregation. C1 USDA ARS, HORT CROPS RES LAB, 3420 NW ORCHARD AVE, CORVALLIS, OR 97330 USA. USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. CASTLE MT VENTURE, SEARCHLIGHT, NV 89046 USA. NR 23 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 77 EP 81 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KW022 UT WOS:A1993KW02200014 ER PT J AU GOURLEY, CJP ALLAN, DL RUSSELLE, MP BLOOM, PR AF GOURLEY, CJP ALLAN, DL RUSSELLE, MP BLOOM, PR TI EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENTS OF A SAND ALUMINA CULTURE TECHNIQUE TO SCREEN PLANTS FOR LOW PHOSPHORUS TOLERANCE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TOMATO STRAINS; P-NUTRITION; DEFICIENCY; PHOSPHATE; GROWTH; SYSTEM; STRESS AB Simple and effective artificial cultures will greatly benefit selection of plants more tolerant to P-deficient soils. The sand-alumina culture technique developed by Coltman et al. appears to supply P at solution concentrations encountered in soils, while providing a solid medium for plant growth. We simplified the technique of loading alumina with P and assessed the effects of P-loading solutions, loading times, leaching treatments, and autoclaving on P concentrations ([P]) and long-term consistency of P supply in the medium. Physical and chemical changes of alumina granules were also investigated. Loading alumina with solutions of 75, 150, 300, and 600 mM P resulted in steady-state concentrations in sand-alumina media of 2.9, 6.9, 40, and 88 muM P, respectively; supply was stable for at least 52 d without plant growth but slowly declined with established alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). A second batch of alumina, loaded with 75, 150, and 300 nM P, provided [P] in the medium of 4.3, 16.2, and 30 muM. Shortening the P-loading period or autoclaving decreased [P]. X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy indicated the alumina was boehmite and pseudoboehmite (AlOOH), which was substantially altered by P-loading solutions to form a poorly ordered, insoluble surface precipitate containing Al, K, and P. The sand-alumina medium proved to be simple, inexpensive, and effective for growing plants in a wide range of [P]. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP GOURLEY, CJP (reprint author), VICTORIAN DEPT AGR,ELLINBANK DAIRY RES INST,WARRAGUL,VIC 3820,AUSTRALIA. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 103 EP 110 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KW022 UT WOS:A1993KW02200019 ER PT J AU BROWN, RE VARVEL, GE SHAPIRO, CA AF BROWN, RE VARVEL, GE SHAPIRO, CA TI RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF INTERSEEDED HAIRY VETCH ON SOIL NITRATE NITROGEN LEVELS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RECOVERY; CORN AB Increased use of winter legume cover crops has renewed interest in legume N mineralization patterns. This study was conducted to monitor the residual effect of a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) cover crop and fertilizer N on surface soil NO3-N concentration in no-till and conventional-till corn (Zea mays L.) in northeastern Nebraska on a Nora silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Udic Halplustoll). The experimental design was a split-split-split plot with three replicates. Main plots of conventional tillage and no-till were split into 0, 67, and 134 kg N ha-1 with and without hairy vetch. Soil samples were taken from the 0- to 7.5- and 7.5- to 15-cm depths five times during the 1987 growing season and three times in 1988. Inclusion of a hairy vetch cover crop interseeded during the previous growing season increased soil NO3-N concentration in the surface 7.5 cm between 50 and 64 d after corn planting and in the 7.5- to 15-cm soil layer between 50 and 78 d after corn planting during 1987. In 1988 (a dry growing season), hairy vetch did not significantly increase soil NO3-N concentration in the 0- to 7.5-cm soil layer at any sampling time, but did increase soil NO3-N concentration in the 7.5- to 15-cm depth 103 d after planting. This increase in soil NO3-N concentration occurred in hairy vetch plots after silking, which probably resulted in the additional N not being available for plant growth in 1988. Increased available N resulting from a legume cover crop like hairy vetch may be beneficial in N management programs in lower rainfall areas of the USA when amounts of precipitation are adequate for plant growth and N mineralization. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,NE RES & EXTENS CTR,CONCORD,NE 68728. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 121 EP 124 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KW022 UT WOS:A1993KW02200022 ER PT J AU ESWARAN, H VANDENBERG, E REICH, P AF ESWARAN, H VANDENBERG, E REICH, P TI ORGANIC-CARBON IN SOILS OF THE WORLD SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB The C stored in soils is nearly three times that in the aboveground biomass and approximately double that in the atmosphere. Reliable estimates have been difficult to obtain due to a lack of global data on kinds of soils and the amount of C in each soil. With new data bases, our study is able to provide more reliable data than previous estimates. Globally, 1576 Pg of C is stored in soils, with almost-equal-to 506 Pg (32%) of this in soils of the tropics. It is also estimated that almost-equal-to 40% of the C in soils of the tropics is in forest soils. Other studies have shown that deforestation can result in 20 to 50% loss of this stored C, largely through erosion. RP ESWARAN, H (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,POB 2890,WASHINGTON,DC 20013, USA. NR 12 TC 629 Z9 841 U1 18 U2 227 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 192 EP 194 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KW022 UT WOS:A1993KW02200033 ER PT J AU UNGER, PW AF UNGER, PW TI RECONSOLIDATION OF A TORRERTIC PALEUSTOLL AFTER TILLAGE WITH A PARATILL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER STORAGE; SORGHUM; WHEAT AB Paleustolls in the USA occur mainly in the central and southern Great Plains. Torrertic Paleustolls are extensive in the southern Great Plains, where Pullman (fine, mixed thermic Torrertic Paleustoll) is the dominant series. Pullman soils occur on almost-equal-to 1.54 million ha. They have dense Bt1 and Bt2 horizons that are slowly permeable and restrict root penetration. Deep soil loosening can enhance water infiltration and root penetration, but surface residues should be retained for further water conservation purposes. These goals can be achieved by using one of several deep chisel, subsoiler, or Paratill implements. A Paratill is a slant-legged implement that loosens a soil without inverting it. Paratill (PT) treatments were imposed on different notillage areas of Pullman soil in 1987, 1988, 1989, and 1990 at shallow (0.15-0.20m) and deep (0.25-0.30m) depths. Sweep tillage to a 7- to 10-cm depth and no-tillage were other treatments. A given area received the Paratill and sweep tillage treatments only once in the 4-yr period. After imposing the treatments, no-tillage was uniformly used on all areas. In May and December 1990, bulk density (D(b)) was determined to 0.60 - m depths in all plots. Penetration resistance (PR) and water content were determined in May 1991. Deep PT resulted in the lowest mean D(b), but there was no definite trend indicating that time since performing PT had an effect on the results. The PR results were similar to the D(b) results, and there was not a close inverse relationship between soil water content and PR. Based on this study, the rate of return of Pullman soil to its original condition following PT cannot be predicted. RP UNGER, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 195 EP 199 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KW022 UT WOS:A1993KW02200034 ER PT J AU HAVIS, RN ALBERTS, EE AF HAVIS, RN ALBERTS, EE TI NUTRIENT LEACHING FROM FIELD-DECOMPOSED CORN AND SOYBEAN RESIDUE UNDER SIMULATED RAINFALL SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WHEAT STRAW RESIDUES; ORGANIC-CARBON; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; RUNOFF; LOSSES AB Quantification of nutrient leaching from crop residue is important in the management of agricultural water quality. This study measured plant matter decay under field conditions, and nutrient (NH4, PO4, and NO3) leaching dynamics and total mass transport from partially decomposed corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] residue under laboratory-scale rainfall simulation. Plant matter decay rates were not significantly different for the two crops during 1 yr of decomposition. The nutrient mass leached (nutrient mass/plant material mass) from soybean residue was, in decreasing order, NH4-N > NO3-N > PO4-P and, from corn residue, NH4-N > PO4-P, NO3-N. More NO3-N and NH4-N was leached from soybean residue than from corn residue, but corn residue released more PO4-P than soybean residue. The fraction of water-soluble nutrient mass in the plant material that was leached under rainfall increased for NO3, decreased for NH4, and remained constant for PO4, as residue decomposed. Equations to simulate nutrient leaching dynamics under simulated rainfall were evaluated and values for model variables were estimated through nonlinear least squares analysis. A hyperbolic equation provided the best model of the total nutrient mass leached during a rainfall event. C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP HAVIS, RN (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 211 EP 218 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KW022 UT WOS:A1993KW02200036 ER PT J AU SHIPITALO, MJ EDWARDS, WM AF SHIPITALO, MJ EDWARDS, WM TI SEASONAL PATTERNS OF WATER AND CHEMICAL MOVEMENT IN TILLED AND NO-TILL COLUMN LYSIMETERS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL SOILS; PESTICIDES; TRANSPORT; BROMIDE; NITRATE AB Decreased runoff from no-till fields combined with preservation of macroporosity increases the potential for transport of agricultural chemicals to groundwater. Our objective was to determine if macropores affect the movement of water and surface-applied chemicals through the solum. Eight, 75-cm-long, 30-cm-diam. soil cores were obtained from a 17-yr-old, no-till, corn (Zea mays L.) field within a mapping unit of Rayne silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult). The cores were converted into column lysimeters and simulated tillage was performed on the upper 15 cm of four columns. The unvegetated columns were buried outside in a mowed area and received broadcast applications of NH4NO3 and SrBr2.6H2O each spring. During a 2-yr period, the no-till columns transmitted 36% more water than the tilled columns. Yearly total amounts of Br- and NO3- in the percolate were unaffected by tillage, although the losses during the growing season were greater for the no-till columns. Tillage had a greater relative effect on cation than on anion movement with losses of Sr2+ and NH4+ that were 2.6 and 6.6 times greater, respectively, for the no-till than for the tilled columns. The largest differences in chemical transport and percolate volume among tillage treatments were noted in the first few rainfalls after chemical application and during the summer months when potential evaporation was high. More rapid Br- and NO3- movement and greater Sr2+ and NH4+ movement in the no-till columns were attributable to preferential flow in macropores. RP SHIPITALO, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXPTL WATERSHED,POB 478,COSHOCTON,OH 43812, USA. OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 19 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 218 EP 223 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KW022 UT WOS:A1993KW02200037 ER PT J AU SMITH, LA AF SMITH, LA TI ENERGY-REQUIREMENTS FOR SELECTED CROP PRODUCTION IMPLEMENTS SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TILLAGE AB Specific energy requirements of eight implements were evaluated as crop production practices were performed. Tractor instrumentation which measured engine speed, ground speed, fuel consumption, and draft was used to collect data for up to nine combinations of gear selection and engine speed while other operating parameters were maintained as consistent as possible. The equipment was operated on Tunica clay (Vertic Haplaquept) and Dundee very fine sandy loam (Aeric Ochraqualfs). Results demonstrated the validity of the 'shift-up throttle-back' concept with potential fuel savings of 20-30%. Fuel consumption data revealed that 45-60% of the fuel consumed was required to propel the tractor. Average draft, drawbar power, and specific energy requirements were presented for performing crop production practices throughout the crop season. Draft from the disk bedders responded to ground speed similarly to the disk plow response given by ASAE Data D230.4. A general relationship between net fuel consumption and draft for all implements and for all operating conditions experienced during the study was demonstrated. RP SMITH, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS,FCMR,POB 36,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 BP 281 EP 299 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(93)90028-N PG 19 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KK823 UT WOS:A1993KK82300002 ER PT J AU SOJKA, RE WESTERMANN, DT BROWN, MJ MEEK, BD AF SOJKA, RE WESTERMANN, DT BROWN, MJ MEEK, BD TI ZONE-SUBSOILING EFFECTS ON INFILTRATION, RUNOFF, EROSION, AND YIELDS OF FURROW-IRRIGATED POTATOES SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL; CULTIVARS; TILLAGE; QUALITY; REGIME; STRAW; WATER; ROOT AB Soil compaction is a problem in many Pacific Northwest fields. We hypothesized that zone subsoiling would improve potato (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. 'Russet Burbank') yield or grade, increase infiltration, and decrease bulk density, runoff, and erosion of furrow-irrigated fields, while maintaining trafficability and irrigability of furrows. A 2 year study was established on a Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Durixerollic Calciorthids). In the fall, plots were in wheat stubble (1988) or bean stover (1989), and were either disked (10-12 cm), chiselled (25-30 cm), or moldboard plowed (20-25 cm). Fall tillages were split in spring, half of each plot receiving in-row zone subsoiling (46 cm) after planting potatoes. The effect of zone subsoiling on infiltration in 1989 was small because of variation across fall tillages. In 1990, zone subsoiling increased infiltration by 10% across fall tillages. Erosion decreased up to 278% with zone subsoiling. Zone subsoiling reduced erosion more effectively than it increased infiltration, shown by a two- to three-fold decrease in the sediment loss to water infiltrated ratio. Zone subsoiling increased infiltration and reduced erosion more in 1990 when the study was conducted on a slightly steeper slope with higher water application rates than in 1989. In 1989, zone subsoiling increased the yield of grade 1 tubers by 3.8 t ha-1 (4.6%), but the total yield-was not significantly increased. In 1990, zone subsoiling increased the total yield by 4.2 t ha-1, and the yield of grade 1 tubers by 5.6 t ha-1 (7.7%). With zone subsoiling, the percentage of large grade 1 market-grade tubers increased by 3.3% in 1989 and 5.7% in 1990. Zone subsoiling requires some extra attention by the irrigator early in the season to insure uniform furrow irrigation, but it can potentially conserve both soil and water while improving grade and yield. RP SOJKA, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,3793N-3600E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 BP 351 EP 368 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(93)90033-L PG 18 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KK823 UT WOS:A1993KK82300007 ER PT J AU FINCH, DM STANGEL, PW AF FINCH, DM STANGEL, PW BE Finch, DM Stangel, PW TI STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS - INTRODUCTION SO STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Training Workshop on Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds CY SEP 21-25, 1992 CL YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR, ESTES PK, CO SP US FISH & WILD SERV, US FOREST SERV, US BUR LAND MANAGEMENT, US NATL PK SERV, US DEPT DEF, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST, ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, NATL FISH & WILDLIFE FDN HO YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,SW FOREST SCI COMPLEX,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 229 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BZ66Z UT WOS:A1993BZ66Z00001 ER PT B AU THOMPSON, FR LEWIS, SJ GREEN, J EWERT, D AF THOMPSON, FR LEWIS, SJ GREEN, J EWERT, D BE Finch, DM Stangel, PW TI STATUS OF NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT LANDBIRDS IN THE MIDWEST - IDENTIFYING SPECIES OF MANAGEMENT CONCERN SO STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Training Workshop on Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds CY SEP 21-25, 1992 CL YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR, ESTES PK, CO SP US FISH & WILD SERV, US FOREST SERV, US BUR LAND MANAGEMENT, US NATL PK SERV, US DEPT DEF, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST, ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, NATL FISH & WILDLIFE FDN HO YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR C1 UNIV MISSOURI,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 229 BP 145 EP 158 PG 14 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BZ66Z UT WOS:A1993BZ66Z00018 ER PT B AU RALPH, CJ AF RALPH, CJ BE Finch, DM Stangel, PW TI DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING A MONITORING PROGRAM AND THE STANDARDS FOR CONDUCTING POINT COUNTS SO STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Training Workshop on Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds CY SEP 21-25, 1992 CL YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR, ESTES PK, CO SP US FISH & WILD SERV, US FOREST SERV, US BUR LAND MANAGEMENT, US NATL PK SERV, US DEPT DEF, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST, ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, NATL FISH & WILDLIFE FDN HO YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR C1 US FOREST SERV,REDWOOD SCI LAB,ARCATA,CA 95521. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 229 BP 204 EP 207 PG 4 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BZ66Z UT WOS:A1993BZ66Z00023 ER PT B AU MANLEY, P AF MANLEY, P BE Finch, DM Stangel, PW TI USDA-FOREST-SERVICE GOALS AND PROGRAMS FOR MONITORING NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS SO STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Training Workshop on Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds CY SEP 21-25, 1992 CL YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR, ESTES PK, CO SP US FISH & WILD SERV, US FOREST SERV, US BUR LAND MANAGEMENT, US NATL PK SERV, US DEPT DEF, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST, ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, NATL FISH & WILDLIFE FDN HO YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR C1 US FOREST SERV,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 229 BP 252 EP 257 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BZ66Z UT WOS:A1993BZ66Z00029 ER PT B AU THOMPSON, FR PROBST, JR RAPHAEL, MG AF THOMPSON, FR PROBST, JR RAPHAEL, MG BE Finch, DM Stangel, PW TI SILVICULTURAL OPTIONS FOR NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS SO STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Training Workshop on Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds CY SEP 21-25, 1992 CL YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR, ESTES PK, CO SP US FISH & WILD SERV, US FOREST SERV, US BUR LAND MANAGEMENT, US NATL PK SERV, US DEPT DEF, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST, ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, NATL FISH & WILDLIFE FDN HO YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR C1 UNIV MISSOURI,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 229 BP 353 EP 362 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BZ66Z UT WOS:A1993BZ66Z00043 ER PT B AU DEGRAAF, RM YAMASAKI, M LEAK, WB AF DEGRAAF, RM YAMASAKI, M LEAK, WB BE Finch, DM Stangel, PW TI MANAGEMENT OF NEW-ENGLAND NORTHERN HARDWOODS, SPRUCE-FIR, AND EASTERN WHITE-PINE FOR NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS SO STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Training Workshop on Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds CY SEP 21-25, 1992 CL YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR, ESTES PK, CO SP US FISH & WILD SERV, US FOREST SERV, US BUR LAND MANAGEMENT, US NATL PK SERV, US DEPT DEF, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST, ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, NATL FISH & WILDLIFE FDN HO YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,US FOREST SERV,AMHERST,MA 01003. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 229 BP 363 EP 373 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BZ66Z UT WOS:A1993BZ66Z00044 ER PT B AU DICKSON, JG THOMPSON, FR CONNER, RN FRANZREB, KE AF DICKSON, JG THOMPSON, FR CONNER, RN FRANZREB, KE BE Finch, DM Stangel, PW TI EFFECTS OF SILVICULTURE ON NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHEASTERN OAK PINE FORESTS SO STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT ROCKY MOUNTAIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Training Workshop on Status and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds CY SEP 21-25, 1992 CL YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR, ESTES PK, CO SP US FISH & WILD SERV, US FOREST SERV, US BUR LAND MANAGEMENT, US NATL PK SERV, US DEPT DEF, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST, ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY, NATL FISH & WILDLIFE FDN HO YMCA ROCKIES, ESTES PK CTR C1 USFS,SO FOREST EXPT STN,NACOGDOCHES,TX. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 J9 USDA ROCKY PY 1993 VL 229 BP 374 EP 385 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BZ66Z UT WOS:A1993BZ66Z00045 ER PT B AU HALLAHAN, C AF HALLAHAN, C GP SAS USERS GRP INT TI MODEL ESTIMATION WITH INEQUALITY CONSTRAINTS - A BAYESIAN-APPROACH USING SAS IML(R) SOFTWARE SO SUGI 18: PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL SAS USERS GROUP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual SAS Users Group International Conference (SUGI 18) CY MAY 09-12, 1993 CL NEW YORK, NY SP SAS USERS GRP INT C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAS INST INC PI CARY PA SAS CIRCLE, PO BOX 8000, CARY, NC 27511 BN 1-55544-550-0 PY 1993 BP 1043 EP 1049 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BA72C UT WOS:A1993BA72C00175 ER PT B AU LAMOUREUX, GL RUSNESS, DG AF LAMOUREUX, GL RUSNESS, DG BE DeKok, LJ Stulen, I Rennenberg, H Brunold, C Rauser, WE TI GLUTATHIONE IN THE METABOLISM AND DETOXIFICATION OF XENOBIOTICS IN PLANTS SO SULFUR NUTRITION AND ASSIMILATION IN HIGHER PLANTS: REGULATORY AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Sulfur Metabolism in Higher Plants CY APR 21-25, 1992 CL GARMISCH PARTENKIR, GERMANY SP FRAUNHOFER INST ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM RES, UNIV BERN, UNIV GUELPH, UNIV GRONINGEN C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU S P B ACADEMIC PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 11188, 1001 GD AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5103-084-3 PY 1993 BP 221 EP 237 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA BZ76V UT WOS:A1993BZ76V00017 ER PT J AU IANSON, DC LINDERMAN, RG AF IANSON, DC LINDERMAN, RG TI VARIATION IN THE RESPONSE OF NODULATING PIGEONPEA (CAJANUS-CAJAN) TO DIFFERENT ISOLATES OF MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article DE CAJANUS; N2 FIXATION; NODULATION; P-NUTRITION; RHIZOBIUM; VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA ID VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA; GLOMUS-RHIZOBIUM SYMBIOSIS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; DUAL INOCULATION; INFECTION; SOYBEANS; COLONIZATION; LEGUME; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FASCICULATUM AB Legumes form a tripartite symbiosis with diazotrophic bacteria and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi. The interaction between these three symbionts is generally positive regarding growth and dinitrogen (N2) fixation, but few studies have evaluated the interactions between a variety of the three microsymbionts. In this study, an effective N2 fixing strain of the diazotrophic bacterium Rhizobium was evaluated alone or in combination with seven VAM fungi in terms of plant growth enhancement, nodulation and N2 fixation on pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. var. Corg-5]. Plants were fertilized weekly with a nutrient solution containing 40 mug mL-1 P and both VAM and non VAM plants had equal levels of tissue P. All plants were deprived of N fertilizer except the non VAM control which was fertilized weekly with a nutrient solution containing 220 mug mL-1 N. Measurements of plants harvested at 6 and 21 weeks yielded significant variation in VAM formation and in the effects of different VAM fungi on nodulation and N2 fixation, but the level of VAM formation was not related to N2 fixation. Some fungi formed extensive VAM, but did not affect nodulation; others formed low levels of VAM, yet greatly enhanced nodulation. These data suggest that a specific inter-endophyte interaction occurs between rhizobia and VAM fungi on pigeonpea that becomes apparent under N-limiting conditions, affects the process of nodulation, and is independent of P nutrition. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP IANSON, DC (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 1993 VL 15 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 119 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LF027 UT WOS:A1993LF02700009 ER PT J AU CAUDALES, R MOREAU, RA WELLS, JM ANTOINE, AD AF CAUDALES, R MOREAU, RA WELLS, JM ANTOINE, AD TI CELLULAR LIPID AND FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION OF CYANOBIONTS FROM AZOLLA-CAROLINIANA SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article DE SYMBIOTIC CYANOBACTERIA; AZOLLA-CAROLINIANA; LIPID; FATTY ACID ID ANABAENA SYMBIOSIS; CYANOBACTERIA AB Cyanobacteria were separated and purified from their symbiotic host, Azolla caroliniana. Their major cellular lipid components were identified as monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, cardiolipin, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown components. Minor lipid components (less than 1% of the total) were identified as sulfoquinovosyldiacyLglycerol, phosophatidylcholine, and bacteriohopanetetrol. Fifty-one cellular fatty acid components were detected, fully or partly-characterized and compared to those in free-living Anabaena-Nostoc. Major fatty acids (and mean percentage of total) included the saturated 16:0 (36.68%), the unsaturated 12:1 (2.03%), 14:1 cis-9 (2.90%), four unsaturated 16-carbon straight chains (total=12.25%), four unsaturated 18-carbon acids (total=31.34%); and an iso-branched 16:0 (1.89%). Cyanobionts also contained a 16:1 trans-3 (0.24%) an iso 30H 13:0 (0.22%) not found in free-living Anabaena-Nostoc, and two poly-unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids (total=0.59%). A tentatively-characterized iso-branched 15-carbon fatty acid (equivalent carbon chain length: 14.35), generally present in free-living Anabaena-Nostoc, was absent in cyanobionts. C1 USDA ARS,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP CAUDALES, R (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & MICROBIOL,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903, USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 1993 VL 14 IS 1-3 BP 191 EP 200 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KN419 UT WOS:A1993KN41900015 ER PT J AU BETHLENFALVAY, GJ AF BETHLENFALVAY, GJ TI MYCORRHIZAE IN THE AGRICULTURAL PLANT-SOIL SYSTEM SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Review DE BIOCIDE; CROP PRODUCTIVITY; CROPPING SYSTEMS; SOIL AGGREGATION; VESICULARARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ID VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAS; DISTURBANCE-INDUCED REDUCTION; CROP-ROTATION; WINTER-WHEAT; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; CONTINUOUS MONOCULTURE; NUTRIENT ABSORPTION; AGGREGATE STABILITY; AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS; GREEN MANURE AB Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and their host plants evolved together under diverse edaphic and environmental conditions. They are interdependent and contribute to stability in plant communities. Soils typically contain several species of VAM fungi, all of which may colonize the roots of most crop plants. However, the fungi may differ in their ability to elicit specific host-plant or host-soil responses, suggesting that a combination of fungi is needed to function as an adequate plant-,soil interface. Since in agricultural ecosystems the introduction of exotic weeds and crops, cultivation, and chemicals alter the composition and vitality of the VAM mycoflora, management practices enhancing the combined effects of surviving and introduced VAM fungi must be developed. Benefits of introduction depend on the potential of VAM fungi to exploit soil resources and to tolerate the natural and culturally imposed conditions of a host soil, and on their compatibility with specific host plants in forming associations of improved productivity. Fungi must therefore be selected to satisfy the requirements of the agricultural situations whose problems they are intended to alleviate. In addition to applications in plant nutrition, VAM fungi are involved in crop rotation, intercrops, grazing, and weed and pest control. Perhaps the greatest potential for the utilization of VAM fungi in sustainable plant production systems lies in the improvement of soil stability and erosion control. RP USDA ARS, HORT CROPS RES LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97330 USA. NR 99 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0334-5114 EI 1878-7665 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 1993 VL 14 IS 1-3 BP 413 EP 425 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KN419 UT WOS:A1993KN41900033 ER PT J AU ROWE, LD BEIER, RC ELISSALDE, MH STANKER, LH STIPANOVIC, RD AF ROWE, LD BEIER, RC ELISSALDE, MH STANKER, LH STIPANOVIC, RD TI FACILE SYNTHESIS OF A CARBOXYLIC LINKER ON HALOFUGINONE - A METHOD TO DERIVATIZE HAPTENS CONTAINING BOTH AMINE AND HYDROXY FUNCTIONALITIES SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB A succinic acid derivative of halofuginone was synthesized that could be easily bound to carrier proteins for halofuginone-specific antibody production. N-trimethylsilylimidazole was used to protect the hydroxyl group on halofuginone. Hydrolysis after treatment with succinic anhydride afforded the required derivative. RP ROWE, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT & SO CROPS RES LABS,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 1993 VL 23 IS 15 BP 2191 EP 2197 DI 10.1080/00397919308018614 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA LQ857 UT WOS:A1993LQ85700016 ER PT J AU LICHTENFELS, JR HOBERG, EP PILITT, PA BELEM, AMG AF LICHTENFELS, JR HOBERG, EP PILITT, PA BELEM, AMG TI A COMPARISON OF CUTICULAR RIDGE-PATTERNS AND OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF MAZAMASTRONGYLUS-ODOCOILEI AND MAZAMASTRONGYLUS-PURSGLOVEI (NEMATODA, TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA) FROM WHITE-TAILED DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS SO SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN RUMINANTS; DOMESTIC RUMINANTS; LOPEZ-NEYRA; KEY AB The synlophes of Mazamastrongylus odocoilei (Dikmans, 1931) and M. pursglovei (Davidson & Prestwood, 1979) from Odocoileus virginianus were described to provide characteristics for their differentiation from related species in domestic and wild ruminants. The synlophes of M. odocoilei and M. pursglovei were identical. Both had single continuous dorsal, ventral and lateral ridges. Other ridges in the lateral fields in the anterior third of the body angled posteriorly ending adjacent to the single lateral ridge. The ridge system in Mazamastrongylus spp. appears to be unique in lacking the continuous subventral and subdorsal ridges present in all previously studied medium stomach worms from domestic ruminants. Only two characters, spicule length and structure, are known to be useful for differentiating males of M. odocoilei and M. pursglovei, and females cannot be differentiated. Evidence that M. odocoilei and M. pursglovei are separate species include: (1) the two species are frequently found together in the same individual host, but each is also found in the absence of the other; (2) no overlap in spicule size or intergrades in shape have been found although numerous populations have been sampled, and (3) the two species have overlapping, but different, geographical ranges in eastern North America. No differences in the synlophe were found between these two species, The importance of this finding is that the absence of differences in the synlophe is not an unequivocal indicator that nematodes are conspecific. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PARASITOL,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP LICHTENFELS, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BIOSYST PARASITOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5752 J9 SYST PARASITOL JI Syst. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1007/BF00006941 PG 15 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA KM581 UT WOS:A1993KM58100001 ER PT J AU HINOJOSA, O THIBODEAUX, DP RAMEY, HH BUCO, SM AF HINOJOSA, O THIBODEAUX, DP RAMEY, HH BUCO, SM TI RAW COTTON COLOR GRADE AS RELATED TO FABRIC DYEABILITY SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE BLEACHING; COLOR MEASUREMENT; COTTON COLOR GRADE; DYEING COTTON; WASHING AB Samples from bales used in making the practical forms of the cotton grade standards for the 1987 and 1988 crop years were processed on a 50-gram microspinning system. Sufficient yarn was obtained for preparation of small lots of tubular knit fabric. The HunterLab Model D25-2 Colorimeter was used to monitor color parameters for samples collected at different stages of processing; stages ranged from raw stock to dyed knit fabric. Statistical analyses were performed to explore interrelationships among raw stock color grades and fabric dyeability. C1 USDA,AGR MKT SERV,MEMPHIS,TN. STAT RESOURCES INC,BATON ROUGE,LA. RP HINOJOSA, O (reprint author), USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 1 BP 27 EP 29 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA KH658 UT WOS:A1993KH65800003 ER PT J AU MACKILL, DJ SALAM, MA WANG, ZY TANKSLEY, SD AF MACKILL, DJ SALAM, MA WANG, ZY TANKSLEY, SD TI A MAJOR PHOTOPERIOD-SENSITIVITY GENE TAGGED WITH RFLP AND ISOZYME MARKERS IN RICE SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE MOLECULAR MARKERS; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; ORYZA-SATIVA L; ISOZYMES; RAIN-FED LOWLAND ID ORYZA-SATIVA-L AB Photoperiod-sensitive rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars are widely grown in rainfed lowland areas with unfavorable water regimes. A molecular marker for the trait would be useful in genetic and physiological studies and in developing improved photoperiod-sensitive cultivars. Previous genetic studies identified a major gene for photoperiod sensitivity on chromosome 6. We have tested an isozyme marker and several RFLP probes mapping to chromosome 6 in an attempt to identify marker(s) tightly linked to photoperiod sensitivity in tropical rice cultivars. We report here that the isozyme gene Pgi-2 is linked (23.2+/-4.7 cM) to the photoperiod-sensitivity gene in the cultivar GEB-24. Although association of duration with Pgi-2 alleles can be used to detect segregation of the photoperiod sensitivity gene in crosses, it will probably not be useful as a marker in selection because of its loose linkage. In contrast, a gene for photoperiod sensitivity in the cultivar Puang Rai 2 was found to be closely linked to the rice genomic clone RG64. Among 15 F3 lines homozygous for photoperiod insensitivity, no recombinants were detected with RG64. This clone is thus an excellent probe to follow segregation of the major photoperiod-sensitivity gene in rice crosses. C1 BANGLADESH RICE RES INST,DIV PLANT BREEDING,GAZIPUR 1701,BANGLADESH. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT BREEDING & BIOMETRY,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP MACKILL, DJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT AGRON & RANGE SCI,USDA ARS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI Mackill, David/C-6368-2014 OI Mackill, David/0000-0003-4224-6781 NR 18 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 85 IS 5 BP 536 EP 540 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA KH049 UT WOS:A1993KH04900006 PM 24195926 ER PT J AU VANVLECK, LD AF VANVLECK, LD TI VARIANCE OF PREDICTION ERROR WITH MIXED MODEL-EQUATIONS WHEN RELATIONSHIPS ARE IGNORED SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE MIXED MODELS; PREDICTION ERROR; NUMERATOR RELATIONSHIPS; INBREEDING; PALM TREES ID NUMERATOR RELATIONSHIP MATRIX; BREEDING VALUES; INVERSE AB Formulas are presented to illustrate the calculation of correct variances of prediction error (PEV) and the correlation between true and predicted values (r(TI)) when the incorrect variance-covariance matrix for the random effects is used in mixed-model equations (MME). The example with progeny records of highly related and inbred sires showed that PEV were underestimated from the diagonals of the inverse of the coefficient matrix of the MME when sires were assumed unrelated and not inbred and were overestimated when relationships among sires were calculated with Henderson's simple rules for the inverse of the numerator relationship matrix, A-1, which do not consider inbreeding. When Quaas' rules for A-1, which do consider inbreeding, are used, the correct PEV are obtained. In the example, calculations of r(TI) from the diagonals of the inverse of the coefficient matrix were too large when relationships and inbreeding were ignored and were obviously wrong when the approximation to the numerator relationship matrix, A, was based on the simple rules for calculating A-1. If the correct A is used in the MME, the calculation of r(TI) may be incorrect if inbreeding of the evaluated individual is not considered. If inbreeding is known, adjustment for inbreeding is easy for calculation of r(TI). RP VANVLECK, LD (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA MEAT ANIM RES CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68588, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 85 IS 5 BP 545 EP 549 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA KH049 UT WOS:A1993KH04900008 PM 24195928 ER PT J AU OZIASAKINS, P LUBBERS, EL HANNA, WW MCNAY, JW AF OZIASAKINS, P LUBBERS, EL HANNA, WW MCNAY, JW TI TRANSMISSION OF THE APOMICTIC MODE OF REPRODUCTION IN PENNISETUM - CO-INHERITANCE OF THE TRAIT AND MOLECULAR MARKERS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE APOMIXIS; AGAMOSPERMY; PEARL MILLET; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS ID POLYMORPHISM; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; APOMIXIS; HYBRIDS; TOMATO; LINES; GENE; MAP AB Apomixis, asexual reproduction through seed, is an obligate mode of reproduction in several species from the genus Pennisetum. Transfer of apomixis to sexual, cultivated pearl millet (P. glaucum) from a wild species P. squamulatum has resulted in an obligate apomictic backcross line with a low, but unknown number, of chromosomes from the wild species. Molecular markers (restriction fragment length polymorphisms and random amplified polymorphic DNAs) have been identified that unequivocally demonstrate the presence of P. squamulatum DNA in BC3. Three of the informative RFLP clones have been sequenced and converted to sequence-tagged sites that can be amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Molecular genetic analysis of more advanced backcross individuals, using the two types of polymerase chain reaction-based molecular markers, has demonstrated co-inheritance of apomictic reproduction and two of the molecular markers. The remaining five molecular markers generally co-segregate with each other but are not linked with the mode of reproduction. These results suggest that genes for apomixis apparently can be transmitted by a single chromosome. Chromosome-specific markers will provide a starting point for the mapping of this genetically intractable reproductive trait. C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP OZIASAKINS, P (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 25 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 85 IS 5 BP 632 EP 638 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA KH049 UT WOS:A1993KH04900019 PM 24195939 ER PT B AU Schmugge, T Bougarel, P Sugita, M Brutsaert, W AF Schmugge, T Bougarel, P Sugita, M Brutsaert, W BE Carlson, T Taconet, O Vidal, A Moran, S Gillies, R TI Atmospheric corrections to AVHRR thermal data in FIFE SO THERMAL REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENERGY AND WATER BALANCE OVER VEGETATION IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER SENSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Thermal Remote Sensing of the Energy and Water Balance Over Vegetation in Conjunction with Other Sensors CY SEP 20-24, 1993 CL LA LONDE LES MAURES, FRANCE SP Penn State Univ, Ctr Etude Environm Terrestre & Planetaires, CEMAGREF ENGREF C1 USDA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CEMAGREF EDITIONS PI ANTHONY CEDEX PA BP 22, 92162 ANTHONY CEDEX, FRANCE BN 2-85362-371-8 PY 1993 BP 73 EP 77 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BE49V UT WOS:A1993BE49V00007 ER PT B AU Kustas, WP AF Kustas, WP BE Carlson, T Taconet, O Vidal, A Moran, S Gillies, R TI Calculating local and basin scale fluxes with remote sensing SO THERMAL REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENERGY AND WATER BALANCE OVER VEGETATION IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER SENSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Thermal Remote Sensing of the Energy and Water Balance Over Vegetation in Conjunction with Other Sensors CY SEP 20-24, 1993 CL LA LONDE LES MAURES, FRANCE SP Penn State Univ, Ctr Etude Environm Terrestre & Planetaires, CEMAGREF ENGREF C1 USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CEMAGREF EDITIONS PI ANTHONY CEDEX PA BP 22, 92162 ANTHONY CEDEX, FRANCE BN 2-85362-371-8 PY 1993 BP 127 EP 128 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BE49V UT WOS:A1993BE49V00014 ER PT B AU Kustas, WP AF Kustas, WP BE Carlson, T Taconet, O Vidal, A Moran, S Gillies, R TI Present and future applications of thermal remote sensing SO THERMAL REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENERGY AND WATER BALANCE OVER VEGETATION IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER SENSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Thermal Remote Sensing of the Energy and Water Balance Over Vegetation in Conjunction with Other Sensors CY SEP 20-24, 1993 CL LA LONDE LES MAURES, FRANCE SP Penn State Univ, Ctr Etude Environm Terrestre & Planetaires, CEMAGREF ENGREF C1 USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CEMAGREF EDITIONS PI ANTHONY CEDEX PA BP 22, 92162 ANTHONY CEDEX, FRANCE BN 2-85362-371-8 PY 1993 BP 145 EP 148 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BE49V UT WOS:A1993BE49V00018 ER PT B AU Schmugge, T AF Schmugge, T BE Carlson, T Taconet, O Vidal, A Moran, S Gillies, R TI Mapping surface soil moisture with the PBMR SO THERMAL REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENERGY AND WATER BALANCE OVER VEGETATION IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER SENSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Thermal Remote Sensing of the Energy and Water Balance Over Vegetation in Conjunction with Other Sensors CY SEP 20-24, 1993 CL LA LONDE LES MAURES, FRANCE SP Penn State Univ, Ctr Etude Environm Terrestre & Planetaires, CEMAGREF ENGREF C1 USDA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CEMAGREF EDITIONS PI ANTHONY CEDEX PA BP 22, 92162 ANTHONY CEDEX, FRANCE BN 2-85362-371-8 PY 1993 BP 181 EP 183 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BE49V UT WOS:A1993BE49V00023 ER PT B AU Moran, MS AF Moran, MS BE Carlson, T Taconet, O Vidal, A Moran, S Gillies, R TI Estimating crop water deficit using the relation between surface-air temperature and spectral vegetation index SO THERMAL REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENERGY AND WATER BALANCE OVER VEGETATION IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER SENSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Thermal Remote Sensing of the Energy and Water Balance Over Vegetation in Conjunction with Other Sensors CY SEP 20-24, 1993 CL LA LONDE LES MAURES, FRANCE SP Penn State Univ, Ctr Etude Environm Terrestre & Planetaires, CEMAGREF ENGREF C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 9 PU CEMAGREF EDITIONS PI ANTHONY CEDEX PA BP 22, 92162 ANTHONY CEDEX, FRANCE BN 2-85362-371-8 PY 1993 BP 243 EP 246 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BE49V UT WOS:A1993BE49V00036 ER PT B AU Moran, MS AF Moran, MS BE Carlson, T Taconet, O Vidal, A Moran, S Gillies, R TI Estimation of daily transpiration rate based on surface temperature, spectral vegetation index and basic meteorological data SO THERMAL REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENERGY AND WATER BALANCE OVER VEGETATION IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER SENSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Thermal Remote Sensing of the Energy and Water Balance Over Vegetation in Conjunction with Other Sensors CY SEP 20-24, 1993 CL LA LONDE LES MAURES, FRANCE SP Penn State Univ, Ctr Etude Environm Terrestre & Planetaires, CEMAGREF ENGREF C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CEMAGREF EDITIONS PI ANTHONY CEDEX PA BP 22, 92162 ANTHONY CEDEX, FRANCE BN 2-85362-371-8 PY 1993 BP 271 EP 274 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BE49V UT WOS:A1993BE49V00042 ER PT B AU Kustas, WP AF Kustas, WP BE Carlson, T Taconet, O Vidal, A Moran, S Gillies, R TI Estimating the surface energy balance with optical remote sensing in semiarid rangelands SO THERMAL REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENERGY AND WATER BALANCE OVER VEGETATION IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER SENSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Thermal Remote Sensing of the Energy and Water Balance Over Vegetation in Conjunction with Other Sensors CY SEP 20-24, 1993 CL LA LONDE LES MAURES, FRANCE SP Penn State Univ, Ctr Etude Environm Terrestre & Planetaires, CEMAGREF ENGREF C1 USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CEMAGREF EDITIONS PI ANTHONY CEDEX PA BP 22, 92162 ANTHONY CEDEX, FRANCE BN 2-85362-371-8 PY 1993 BP 293 EP 296 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BE49V UT WOS:A1993BE49V00045 ER PT B AU Moran, MS AF Moran, MS BE Carlson, T Taconet, O Vidal, A Moran, S Gillies, R TI Combining remote sensing and modeling for estimating surface evaporation and biomass production SO THERMAL REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENERGY AND WATER BALANCE OVER VEGETATION IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER SENSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Thermal Remote Sensing of the Energy and Water Balance Over Vegetation in Conjunction with Other Sensors CY SEP 20-24, 1993 CL LA LONDE LES MAURES, FRANCE SP Penn State Univ, Ctr Etude Environm Terrestre & Planetaires, CEMAGREF ENGREF C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CEMAGREF EDITIONS PI ANTHONY CEDEX PA BP 22, 92162 ANTHONY CEDEX, FRANCE BN 2-85362-371-8 PY 1993 BP 305 EP 308 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BE49V UT WOS:A1993BE49V00048 ER PT J AU BROWN, MA BROWN, AH THAREL, LM JACKSON, WG MIESNER, JR AF BROWN, MA BROWN, AH THAREL, LM JACKSON, WG MIESNER, JR BE Noland, P TI LONG YEARLING GAINS IN ANGUS, BRAHMAN AND CROSSBRED STEERS GRAZING ENDOPHYTE-INFECTED OR ENDOPHYTE-FREE TALL FESCUE SO TOPICS ON BEEF CATTLE RESEARCH IN ARKANSAS SE ARKANSAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION SPECIAL REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT University of Arkansas Beef Cattle Research Conference CY DEC 10, 1992 CL CONWAY, AR SP UNIV ARKANSAS C1 USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARMS RES CTR,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARKANSAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PI FAYETTEVILLE PA UNIV ARKANSAS, DIV AGRICULTURE, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0571-0189 J9 ARKANSAS AES SPEC RE PY 1993 VL 161 BP 11 EP 14 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BZ73U UT WOS:A1993BZ73U00002 ER PT B AU SHANNON, MC DALTON, FN ELSAYED, SF AF SHANNON, MC DALTON, FN ELSAYED, SF BE Lieth, H AlMasoom, AA TI PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES OF CROPS TO SEA-WATER - MINIMIZING CONSTRAINTS THAT LIMIT YIELD SO TOWARDS THE RATIONAL USE OF HIGH SALINITY TOLERANT PLANTS, VOL 2: AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNDER MARGINAL SOIL WATER CONDITIONS SE TASKS FOR VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st ASWAS Conference: Towards the Rational Use of High Salinity Tolerant Plants CY DEC 08-15, 1990 CL UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIV AL AIN, AL AIN, U ARAB EMIRATES HO UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIV AL AIN DE CROP YIELD; SEAWATER IRRIGATION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; ION TRANSPORT C1 USDA,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-1866-8 J9 TASK VEG SC PY 1993 VL 28 BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BA71Y UT WOS:A1993BA71Y00001 ER PT B AU SHANNON, MC DALTON, FN ELSAYED, SF AF SHANNON, MC DALTON, FN ELSAYED, SF BE Lieth, H AlMasoom, AA TI SALT TOLERANCE OF TOMATO CULTIVARS AS AFFECTED BY IRRIGATION TIME SO TOWARDS THE RATIONAL USE OF HIGH SALINITY TOLERANT PLANTS, VOL 2: AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNDER MARGINAL SOIL WATER CONDITIONS SE TASKS FOR VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st ASWAS Conference: Towards the Rational Use of High Salinity Tolerant Plants CY DEC 08-15, 1990 CL UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIV AL AIN, AL AIN, U ARAB EMIRATES HO UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIV AL AIN DE IRRIGATION TIME; SALT TOLERANCE; TOMATO C1 USDA,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-1866-8 J9 TASK VEG SC PY 1993 VL 28 BP 185 EP 192 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BA71Y UT WOS:A1993BA71Y00023 ER PT B AU VANSCHILFGAARDE, J AF VANSCHILFGAARDE, J BE Lieth, H AlMasoom, AA TI WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR SALINITY CONTROL SO TOWARDS THE RATIONAL USE OF HIGH SALINITY TOLERANT PLANTS, VOL 2: AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNDER MARGINAL SOIL WATER CONDITIONS SE TASKS FOR VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st ASWAS Conference: Towards the Rational Use of High Salinity Tolerant Plants CY DEC 08-15, 1990 CL UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIV AL AIN, AL AIN, U ARAB EMIRATES HO UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIV AL AIN DE SALINITY CONTROL; IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT; REVIEW ARTICLE C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-1866-8 J9 TASK VEG SC PY 1993 VL 28 BP 371 EP 377 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BA71Y UT WOS:A1993BA71Y00043 ER PT B AU RHOADES, JD AF RHOADES, JD BE Lieth, H AlMasoom, AA TI PRACTICES TO CONTROL SALINITY IN IRRIGATED SOILS SO TOWARDS THE RATIONAL USE OF HIGH SALINITY TOLERANT PLANTS, VOL 2: AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNDER MARGINAL SOIL WATER CONDITIONS SE TASKS FOR VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st ASWAS Conference: Towards the Rational Use of High Salinity Tolerant Plants CY DEC 08-15, 1990 CL UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIV AL AIN, AL AIN, U ARAB EMIRATES HO UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIV AL AIN DE SOIL SALINITY CONTROL; IRRIGATION; ROOTZONE C1 USDA,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-1866-8 J9 TASK VEG SC PY 1993 VL 28 BP 379 EP 387 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BA71Y UT WOS:A1993BA71Y00044 ER PT B AU SUAREZ, DL LEBRON, I AF SUAREZ, DL LEBRON, I BE Lieth, H AlMasoom, AA TI WATER-QUALITY CRITERIA FOR IRRIGATION WITH HIGHLY SALINE WATER SO TOWARDS THE RATIONAL USE OF HIGH SALINITY TOLERANT PLANTS, VOL 2: AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY UNDER MARGINAL SOIL WATER CONDITIONS SE TASKS FOR VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st ASWAS Conference: Towards the Rational Use of High Salinity Tolerant Plants CY DEC 08-15, 1990 CL UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIV AL AIN, AL AIN, U ARAB EMIRATES HO UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIV AL AIN DE HIGH SALINITY; IRRIGATION WATER QUALITY; SOIL CONDITIONS C1 USDA,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. RI lebron, Inma/A-4762-2013 OI lebron, Inma/0000-0001-8610-9717 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-1866-8 J9 TASK VEG SC PY 1993 VL 28 BP 389 EP 397 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BA71Y UT WOS:A1993BA71Y00045 ER PT J AU LARSON, JA AF LARSON, JA TI A BRIEF SURVEY OF ENVIRONMENTAL/BIOTECHNOLOGY INFORMATION RESOURCES SO TOXICOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE BIOTECHNOLOGY INFORMATION; ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION; INFORMATION RESOURCES AB A brief survey of information resources for the researcher interested in the biotechnology/environmental science is presented. Several programs are highlighted including 3 USDA programs - the National Agricultural Library, The National Biological Impact Assessment Program Bulletin Board System, and The Plant Genome Research Program. A description of 2 information centers - The Institute for Biotechnology Information, and the British Library. International networks that are developing include the Microbial Strain Data Network and the International Resources on the Release of Organisms in the Environment. Descriptions of the systems are given and contact addresses and telephone numbers are provided. RP LARSON, JA (reprint author), USDA,NATL AGR LIB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0277-2248 J9 TOXICOL ENVIRON CHEM PY 1993 VL 40 IS 1-4 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1080/02772249309357940 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA MR753 UT WOS:A1993MR75300017 ER PT J AU RILEY, RT AN, NH SHOWKER, JL YOO, HS NORRED, WP CHAMBERLAIN, WJ WANG, E MERRILL, AH MOTELIN, G BEASLEY, VR HASCHEK, WM AF RILEY, RT AN, NH SHOWKER, JL YOO, HS NORRED, WP CHAMBERLAIN, WJ WANG, E MERRILL, AH MOTELIN, G BEASLEY, VR HASCHEK, WM TI ALTERATION OF TISSUE AND SERUM SPHINGANINE TO SPHINGOSINE RATIO - AN EARLY BIOMARKER OF EXPOSURE TO FUMONISIN-CONTAINING FEEDS IN PIGS SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN KINASE-C; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; SPHINGOLIPIDS; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; TOXICITY; CORN C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ROLLINS RES CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT BIOSCI,URBANA,IL 61801. RP RILEY, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 23 TC 197 Z9 200 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 118 IS 1 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1015 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA KG763 UT WOS:A1993KG76300015 PM 8430417 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, A JACQUES, PF DOREY, CK AF TAYLOR, A JACQUES, PF DOREY, CK TI OXIDATION AND AGING - IMPACT ON VISION SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RETINAL-PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; SENILE MACULAR DEGENERATION; GALACTOSE-INDUCED CATARACTS; VITAMIN-C STATUS; LIGHT DAMAGE; ASCORBIC-ACID; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; RISK-FACTORS; OCULAR PIGMENTATION; LIPOFUSCIN ACCUMULATION C1 HARVARD UNIV, SCH MED, SCHEPENS EYE RES INST, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. RP TUFTS UNIV, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, USDA, 711 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY08121] NR 150 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 EI 1477-0393 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JAN-APR PY 1993 VL 9 IS 1-2 BP 349 EP 371 PG 23 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA KD769 UT WOS:A1993KD76900025 PM 8418522 ER PT J AU BLINN, DW RUNCK, C CLARK, DA RINNE, JN AF BLINN, DW RUNCK, C CLARK, DA RINNE, JN TI EFFECTS OF RAINBOW-TROUT PREDATION ON LITTLE COLORADO SPINEDACE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Note ID FISHES; RIVER AB We tested the effect of predation by rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss on the behavior and spatial distribution of Little Colorado spinedace Lepidomeda vittata, a native cyprinid that occurs in disjunct populations in northern Arizona. Field experiments demonstrated high predation on Little Colorado spinedace even in the presence of natural refuges and abundant macroinvertebrate prey. Little Colorado spinedace showed almost no predator avoidance in the presence of rainbow trout, which implies limited interaction with large nonnative predators through evolutionary time. Results suggest that rainbow trout may have a significant influence on the habitat use, behavior, and geographic distribution of Little Colorado spinedace, and may be responsible, in part, for the disjunct geographic distribution of this threatened native fish species. C1 US FOREST SERVICE,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,TEMPE,AZ 85287. RP BLINN, DW (reprint author), NO ARIZONA UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86011, USA. NR 16 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 122 IS 1 BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0139:NEORTP>2.3.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LG893 UT WOS:A1993LG89300011 ER PT J AU TESKE, ME BARRY, JW AF TESKE, ME BARRY, JW TI PARAMETRIC SENSITIVITY IN AERIAL APPLICATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MODEL; AERIAL APPLICATION; SENSITIVITY ID MODEL AB This article summarizes a sensitivity study of all input variables into the FSCBG aerial application computer model, including the near-wake AGDISP representation, helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft, and drop size distribution. A linear analysis is performed around a nominal, or base case, parameter set. Trends in the results may be explained, for the most part, on a physical basis; however, the value of the present analysis is its quantification of the relative sensitivity of the results to known input variable changes. The importance of these variations are catalogued relative to effectiveness of swath width deposition and level of off-target drift. These results quantify several critical variables regarding aerial application, specifically those variables that must be carefully controlled or monitored during spray operations. In order of importance they include: release height, spraying speed, wind direction, and wind speed. C1 US FOREST SERV,DAVIS,CA. RP TESKE, ME (reprint author), CONTINUUM DYNAM INC,PRINCETON,NJ, USA. NR 10 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 36 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KY659 UT WOS:A1993KY65900005 ER PT J AU JALALIFARAHANI, HR DUKE, HR HEERMANN, DF AF JALALIFARAHANI, HR DUKE, HR HEERMANN, DF TI PHYSICS OF SURGE IRRIGATION .1. QUANTIFYING SOIL PHYSICAL PARAMETERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; CONSOLIDATION; AIR ENTRAPMENT; CRACKING ID FURROW INFILTRATION AB Soil consolidation caused by Soil-water matric forces was produced in a CO2-filled laboratory apparatus in Poudre sand and Greeley sandy clay loam soils. As matric suction increased intermittently (wetting and draining) from 0 to 1 m of water, both soils consolidated from an initial height of 59.5 mm, Poudre sand by 1.4 mm and the Greeley soil by 5.1 mm. Soil desaturation led to significant trapping of soil gas-phase (CO2) upon rewetting. However, the trapped bubbles quickly dissolved in water and had no lasting effect on consolidation. Similar experiments conducted in air verified air entrapment upon rewetting of drained soils. The trapped air bubbles persisted during subsequent draining and wetting cycles implying a long-term effect on pore space with a tendency to expand as rewetting of drained samples approached surface ponding. The expansion of air bubbles in Poudre sand totally reversed consolidation and led to a net increase in void ratio, possibly causing what others have observed as ''rebound'' of drained soils upon rewetting in surge flow. More than 90% of the final consolidation occurred during the first 10 min of drainage, reconfirming surge flow field observations, suggesting less additional consolidation benefit for longer dewatering periods. C1 USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP JALALIFARAHANI, HR (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 36 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KY659 UT WOS:A1993KY65900007 ER PT J AU JALALIFARAHANI, HR HEERMANN, DF DUKE, HR AF JALALIFARAHANI, HR HEERMANN, DF DUKE, HR TI PHYSICS OF SURGE IRRIGATION .2. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOIL PHYSICAL AND HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; AIR ENTRAPMENT; CRACKING; CONSOLIDATION ID FURROW INFILTRATION AB A physical model was developed in the laboratory to explore the mechanism of consolidation due to soil-water matric suction in two intermittently wetted soils: a micaceous sand (Poudre) and a sandy clay loam (Greeley). Consolidation was more pronounced in the Greeley than in Poudre soil. As matric suction increased from 0 to 1 m water, the average void ratio decreased by 4% in Poudre and 13% in the Greeley soil. In Poudre sand, this led to 20% reduction in measured average saturated permeability. In the clayey Greeley soil, cracks persisted during rewetting and caused saturated permeability, which was decreased by 50% at lower matric suction, to increase significantly following periods of drainage at higher matric suction. When no special precautions were taken to eliminate air entrapment, permeability was significantly reduced by entrapped air bubbles and consolidation was reversed as entrapped bubbles expanded upon rewetting. Air entrapment is regarded as a potential factor to reduce intake rate in surge flow, in particular in coarse-textured soils with no appreciable consolidation. Intermittent wetting causes soil pore size and availability to be altered by factors such as consolidation, air entrapment and expansion, and cracks. The physical nature of these factors implies that soil permeability could be altered in opposing ways. C1 USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP JALALIFARAHANI, HR (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 36 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KY659 UT WOS:A1993KY65900008 ER PT J AU ELLIOT, WJ LAFLEN, JM AF ELLIOT, WJ LAFLEN, JM TI A PROCESS-BASED RILL EROSION MODEL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE EROSION; RILL EROSION; MODELING ID SOIL-EROSION AB The objective of this research was to develop a mathematical model that accounted for the different processes that cause sediment detachment in an eroding rill. Rill erosion data from nine cropland soils studied in the USDA Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) were analyzed It was found that the detachment capacity of water flowing in a rill was best predicted by a stream power function. Detachment Capacity- K(p) [(gamma(w)Qs/w(r))-P(c)] where K(p) is the soil erodibility coefficient, gamma(w) is the specific weight of water, Q is the flow rate of water in the rill, s is the rill slope, w(r) is the rill width, and P(c) is the critical stream power below which no detachment occurs. The prediction capability of the model was not improved by additional terms to describe detachment by hydraulic shear, slaking effects on dry clay soils, or rill side-wall sloughing common on sandy soils. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS RES LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP ELLIOT, WJ (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 29 TC 49 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 36 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KY659 UT WOS:A1993KY65900011 ER PT J AU SABBAGH, GJ FOUSS, JL BENGTSON, RL AF SABBAGH, GJ FOUSS, JL BENGTSON, RL TI COMPARISON OF EPIC-WT AND DRAINMOD SIMULATED PERFORMANCE OF LAND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE DRAINAGE ID MANAGEMENT MODEL EVALUATION; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; WATER AB Data from the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station Ben Hur Research Farm were used to compare the performance of EPIC- WT and DRAINMOD models in simulating the effect of subsurface drainage systems on surface and subsurface drained volumes and the fluctuations of field watertable depth. Both models overestimated the total cumulative drainage flows for the simulation period (1981-1987). The long-term cumulative values simulated by DRAINMOD and EPIC-WT were 7% and 32% greater than those observed for surface drainage volumes, and 34% and 20% greater than the observed volumes for subsurface drainage. The slope and correlation coefficients of the regression lines associated with EPIC-WT monthly flows were 0.86 and 0.85 for the surface volumes, and 0.98 and 0.92 for the subsurface volumes. The regression equation describing the linear relationships between the monthly observed flows and the flows predicted by DRAINMOD had slope and correlation coefficients of 0.95 and 0.90 for surface volumes, and 1.02 and 0.77 for subsurface volumes. The watertable fluctuations were predicted better by DRAINMOD than EPIC- WT during relatively dry periods when the watertable depth was below the root zone; however, the overall performances of the two models in simulating the watertable fluctuations over the seven-year period were about the same. C1 USDA ARS,BATON ROUGE,LA 70893. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP SABBAGH, GJ (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 36 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KY659 UT WOS:A1993KY65900012 ER PT J AU DABNEY, SM MURPHREE, CE MEYER, LD AF DABNEY, SM MURPHREE, CE MEYER, LD TI TILLAGE, ROW SPACING, AND CULTIVATION AFFECT EROSION FROM SOYBEAN CROPLAND SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TILLAGE; EROSION; NO-TILL; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; RUNOFF; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; ROW LENGTH ID SOIL LOSS; CORN; INFILTRATION; ERODIBILITY; SEDIMENT AB Soybean plots were planted in a replicated 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of row width [0.18-m (7-in.) or 0.91-m (36-in.) rows] and tillage [without prior tillage (no-till) or following primary and secondary tillage]. Additional unreplicated conventional and no-till plots were planted in 0.91-m rows and were cultivated after planting. A rainfall simulator was used to apply a two-rainstorm sequence to a 9-m section of each plot when the soybean plants had from 6 to 11 main stem nodes (four to eight weeks after planting). Inflow was added during the second rainstorm to simulate longer slope lengths. Sediment size distribution and rill development were measured. The study was conducted in 1989 (the first year of no-till, after one year conventional tillage, after sod) and repeated in 1991 (second year no-fill after treatments were rerandomized on plots in 1990). Results were similar for both years. In general, erosion rates were several times higher with conventional tillage than with no-till planting at the crop stage tested Planting in 0. 18-m rows doubled erosion rates compared to wide row planting during this crop growth stage. However, most striking was the large increase in erosion caused by row cultivation. Cultivation without intervening rainfall prior to the simulated rainstorm sequence increased soil loss 20-fold for the conventional tillage system and 40-fold for the no-till planted system. Erosion rates from a 70-mm rainstorm in one hour on a simulated 60-m, 6% slope planted in 0.91-m rows oriented up-and-down hill and cultivated averaged 57 Mg/ha for conventional tillage and 36 Mg/ha for no-till planting. Although the silt loam soil contained essentially no sand, between 20 and 30% of this sediment eroded as sand-sized aggregates. RP DABNEY, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 36 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KY659 UT WOS:A1993KY65900014 ER PT J AU POTTER, KN CHICHESTER, FW AF POTTER, KN CHICHESTER, FW TI PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES OF A VERTISOL WITH CONTINUOUS CONTROLLED-TRAFFIC, NO-TILL MANAGEMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE TILLAGE; SOIL CONSERVATION ID SOIL PROPERTIES; CLAY SOILS; SYSTEMS AB Conservation tillage on vertisols has not been well accepted, yet residue management techniques are needed to control water erosion on these highly-erodible soils. Surface soil properties were determined on a Houston black clay (Udic Pellusterts) one crop season after chisel plow-disk tillage, and after 6 and 10 years in a continuous controlled-traffic, no-till management system. Bulk density and penetrometer resistance below 50 mm increased with increasing time since primary tillage. Soil penetrometer resistance values were not in the root restricting range at the soil water contents at time of sampling. Stratification of soil nutrients, total nitrogen and phosphorus, and soil organic carbon increased with time since primary tillage. Conservation tillage appears to be sustainable on these vertisols for an extended period of time with the controlled-traffic, no-till practices used in this study. RP POTTER, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS,TEMPLE,TX 76503, USA. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 36 IS 1 BP 95 EP 99 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KY659 UT WOS:A1993KY65900015 ER PT J AU KRASZEWSKI, AW NELSON, SO AF KRASZEWSKI, AW NELSON, SO TI NONDESTRUCTIVE MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT OF MOISTURE-CONTENT AND MASS OF SINGLE PEANUT KERNELS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MOISTURE CONTENT; MICROWAVES ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB Principles for determining moisture content and mass of individual peanut kernels by microwave resonator measurements are discussed, and data are presented showing the application of these principles. By measuring the shift in the resonant frequency and the change in the cavity transmission characteristics when a peanut is inserted into the cavity, it is possible to obtain the moisture content of the kernel independent of its mass and apparently independent of peanut type, as far as Runner and Virginia market types are concerned. It is also possible to determine the kernel mass independent of kernel shape simultaneously with the moisture determination. Moisture contents in the range from 4 to 14%, wet basis, were determined with an uncertainty of 0.9% moisture, and the uncertainty in the mass determination was less than 0.05 g. RP KRASZEWSKI, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 36 IS 1 BP 127 EP 134 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KY659 UT WOS:A1993KY65900019 ER PT J AU GUYER, DE MILES, GE GAULTNEY, LD SCHREIBER, MM AF GUYER, DE MILES, GE GAULTNEY, LD SCHREIBER, MM TI APPLICATION OF MACHINE VISION TO SHAPE-ANALYSIS IN LEAF AND PLANT-IDENTIFICATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MACHINE VISION; SHAPE ANALYSIS; LEAF AND PLANT IDENTIFICATION ID EXPERT SYSTEM; AERIAL AB Intelligent vision systems capable of automatically interpreting images are the next generation in machine vision. These systems will be usable by nonexperts in the machine vision field, and be flexible and reprogrammable for general use. The addition of intelligence into vision systems requires an understanding and structuring of human visual and scene interpretation techniques. This research investigated the interrelationships and combined the areas of feature extraction, pattern recognition and techniques of scene interpretation by humans. The research is especially unique in its rule-based structuring of subjective, qualitative, human-level shape features and quantitative machine-level shape features. An algorithm was implemented to extract plant/leaf shape features using information gathered from critical points along object borders such as the location of angles along the border and/or local maxima and minima from the plant/leaf centroid A library or set of 17 low-level quantitative features and the rule-base combining the low-level features into 13 higher-level quantitative features, demonstrated the ability to combine and structure basic explicit data or information into more subjective shape knowledge. Structuring and verifying the features added intelligence to the system and illustrated a potential technique for bridging the shape interpretation levels of man and machine. Results indicate a structuring of knowledge levels can be used to link machine and human shape interpretation, especially if descriptive features involve minimal ambiguity, i.ev., they are basic and generic for the humans assigning shape certainties to the recognition knowledge base. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP GUYER, DE (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 11 TC 53 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 36 IS 1 BP 163 EP 171 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KY659 UT WOS:A1993KY65900023 ER PT J AU SUDDUTH, KA HUMMEL, JW AF SUDDUTH, KA HUMMEL, JW TI PORTABLE, NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETER FOR RAPID SOIL ANALYSIS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE SOIL ORGANIC MATTER; HERBICIDES; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; VARIABLE RATE APPLICATION; OPTICS; SENSORS ID ORGANIC-MATTER CONTENT; REFLECTANCE AB A portable, near-infrared spectrophotometer was designed, fabricated, and performance tested Significant features included a circular variable filter monochromator, a fiber optic coupling for sensing of remote samples, and a software algorithm which corrected the instrument readings to a zero baseline. The instrument had a sensing range of 1650 nm to 2650 nm, an optical bandwidth of under 55 nm, and could acquire a spectrum every 200 ms. The intended use of this device was for rapid estimation of soil organic matter as a control input for variable rate herbicide application. C1 USDA,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. RP SUDDUTH, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO, USA. NR 14 TC 52 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 36 IS 1 BP 185 EP 193 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA KY659 UT WOS:A1993KY65900025 ER PT J AU ESPY, M AF ESPY, M BE McCabe, RE Glidden, KA TI RESTORING CONSERVATION LEADERSHIP AT THE UNITED-STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Our Conservation Legacy: Gift or Gaff CY MAR 19-24, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1993 BP 5 EP 9 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BA16U UT WOS:A1993BA16U00002 ER PT J AU DEGRAAF, RM HEALY, WM AF DEGRAAF, RM HEALY, WM BE McCabe, RE Glidden, KA TI THE MYTH OF NATURES CONSTANCY - PRESERVATION, PROTECTION AND ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Our Conservation Legacy: Gift or Gaff CY MAR 19-24, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,AMHERST,MA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1993 BP 17 EP 31 PG 15 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BA16U UT WOS:A1993BA16U00004 ER PT S AU BELANT, JL AF BELANT, JL BE McCabe, RE Glidden, KA TI NEST-SITE SELECTION AND REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY OF ROOF-NESTING AND ISLAND-NESTING HERRING-GULLS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Our Conservation Legacy: Gift or Gaff CY MAR 19-24, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,SANDUSKY,OH. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1993 BP 78 EP 86 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BA16U UT WOS:A1993BA16U00010 ER PT S AU FINCH, DM BLOCK, WM FLETCHER, RA FAGER, LF AF FINCH, DM BLOCK, WM FLETCHER, RA FAGER, LF BE McCabe, RE Glidden, KA TI INTEGRATING NEOTROPICAL MIGRATORY BIRDS INTO FOREST SERVICE PLANS FOR ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE FIFTY-EIGHTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference - Our Conservation Legacy: Gift or Gaff CY MAR 19-24, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 14TH STREET NW, SUITE 801, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1993 BP 417 EP 421 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry; Ornithology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BA16U UT WOS:A1993BA16U00054 ER PT J AU CRAIG, DL CARLSON, AD AF CRAIG, DL CARLSON, AD BE Valentine, BE Kie, JG TI A PROPOSED LANDSCAPE APPROACH FOR MANAGING LATE-SUCCESSIONAL FOREST AND RIPARIAN HABITATS FOR ASSOCIATED VERTEBRATE SPECIES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE WESTERN SECTION OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY 1993, VOL 29 SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE WESTERN SECTION OF THE WILDLIFE SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Annual Meeting of the Western-Section of the Wildlife-Society CY FEB 23-27, 1993 CL MONTEREY, CA SP WILDLIFE SOC, W SECT C1 US FOREST SERV,TAHOE NATL FOREST,NEVADA CITY,CA 95959. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC WESTERN SECTION PI SACRAMENTO PA PO BOX 2567, SACRAMENTO, CA 95812 SN 0893-214X J9 T W SEC WIL PY 1993 VL 29 BP 25 EP 33 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BA71L UT WOS:A1993BA71L00006 ER PT B AU RAMAGOPAL, S AF RAMAGOPAL, S BE Nierhaus, KH Franceschi, F Subramanian, AR Erdmann, VA WittmannLiebold, B TI THE CELLULAR SLIME-MOLD AS A PARADIGM TO STUDY RIBOSOME POLYMORPHISM IN EUKARYOTES SO TRANSLATIONAL APPARATUS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, REGULATION, EVOLUTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Translational Apparatus CY OCT 31-NOV 05, 1992 CL BERLIN, GERMANY C1 UNIV IDAHO,USDA ARS,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-44538-7 PY 1993 BP 713 EP 717 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Genetics & Heredity GA BZ51F UT WOS:A1993BZ51F00067 ER PT S AU DETWILER, LA AF DETWILER, LA GP INT ASSOC BIOL STAND TI SCRAPIE CONTROL IN THE UNITED-STATES - A REVIEW OF THE PAST WITH AN EMPHASIS ON THE PRESENT FLOCK CERTIFICATION PROGRAM SO TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES - IMPACT ON ANIMAL AND HUMAN HEALTH SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES - IMPACT ON ANIMAL AND HUMAN HEALTH CY JUN 23-24, 1992 CL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP ARES SERONO SYMPOSIA, FIDIA RES FDN RP DETWILER, LA (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,VET SERV,TRENTON,NJ, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA BASEL SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-5831-7 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev. Biols PY 1993 VL 80 BP 109 EP 109 PG 1 WC Biology; Pathology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Pathology GA BY91M UT WOS:A1993BY91M00014 PM 8270099 ER PT J AU HORSLEY, SB GOTTSCHALK, KW AF HORSLEY, SB GOTTSCHALK, KW TI LEAF-AREA AND NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS DURING DEVELOPMENT OF PRUNUS-SEROTINA SEEDLINGS SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE; LEAF AGE; LEAF AREA; PLASTOCHRON INDEX; REGRESSION MODELS; SEEDLING SURVIVAL AB We used the plastochron index to study the relationship between plant age, leaf age and development, and net photosynthesis of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) seedlings. Leaf area and net photosynthesis were measured on all leaves greater-than-or-equal-to 75 mm of plants ranging in age from 7 to 20 plastochrons. Effects of plant developmental stage on leaf area and net photosynthesis were evaluated for leaves of differing age (horizontal series), leaves on plants of constant age (vertical series), and leaves of constant age (oblique series). Regression techniques were used to estimate leaf area from leaf blade dimensions. The best equations for predicting leaf area had R2 values of 0.991-0.992 and used linear or logarithmic functions of both leaf length and width. Suitable, but less precise, equations with R2 values of 0.946-0.962 were developed from either leaf length or leaf width. Leaf area development in black cherry seedlings was similar to that in other indeterminate species. Leaves of young plants reached full expansion at a lower leaf plastochron age than leaves of older plants. Maximum net photosynthesis per unit leaf area occurred 2-3 plastochrons before full leaf expansion. There was strong ontogenetic drift in net photosynthesis with leaf age, net photosynthesis decreased as plant age increased in leaves of the same plastochron age. Plots of the oblique series were particularly useful in providing information about interaction effects. RP HORSLEY, SB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPTL STN,WARREN,PA 16365, USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 12 IS 1 BP 55 EP 69 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KM078 UT WOS:A1993KM07800005 ER PT J AU BUCHANAN, RL AF BUCHANAN, RL TI PREDICTIVE FOOD MICROBIOLOGY SO TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID NONPROTEOLYTIC CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; TEMPERATURE FUNCTION INTEGRATION; CONCENTRATION WATER ACTIVITY; MODIFIED ATMOSPHERES; GROWTH-RATE; TOXIN PRODUCTION; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; LAG PHASE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-XYLOSUS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES AB The need to assure the microbiological safety and quality of increasingly complex food products has stimulated interest in the use of mathematical modeling to quantify and predict microbial behavior. During the past several years there has been substantial advancement in both the concepts and methods used in predictive microbiology. Coupled with 'user-friendly' applications software and the development of expert systems, these models are providing powerful new tools for rapidly estimating the effects of formulation and storage factors on the microbiological relations in foods. RP BUCHANAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 47 TC 89 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0924-2244 J9 TRENDS FOOD SCI TECH JI Trends Food Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 4 IS 1 BP 6 EP 11 DI 10.1016/S0924-2244(05)80004-4 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA LA556 UT WOS:A1993LA55600002 ER PT B AU Smith, JL AF Smith, JL BE Guerrero, R PedrosAlio, C TI Nitrogen dynamics and crop productivity SO TRENDS IN MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Microbial Ecology (ISME-6) CY SEP 06-11, 1992 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Int Comm Microbial Ecol, Spanish Soc Microbiol, Catalan Soc Biol, UNESCO, UNEP, IUMS, FEMS DE microbial biomass; N cycling; plant N uptake C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPANISH SOCIETY MICROBIOLOGY PI BARCELONA PA APARTADO 16009, E-08080 BARCELONA, SPAIN BN 84-604-7996-X PY 1993 BP 651 EP 654 PG 4 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA BE61G UT WOS:A1993BE61G00137 ER PT J AU GOENAGA, R IRIZARRY, H GONZALEZ, E AF GOENAGA, R IRIZARRY, H GONZALEZ, E TI WATER REQUIREMENT OF PLANTAINS (MUSA-ACUMINATA X MUSA-BALBISIANA AAB) GROWN UNDER SEMIARID CONDITIONS SO TROPICAL AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE IRRIGATION; BUNCH WEIGHT; FRUIT WEIGHT AB An experiment was conducted to determine the optimum water requirement of drip-irrigated plantains (Musa acuminata x Musa balbisiana AAB) grown under semiarid conditions. The irrigation regimes were based on class A pan factors ranging from 0.25 to 1.25 with increments of 0.25. Plants with irrigation based on a pan factor of 0.75 or above averaged 280 days from planting to flowering. Flowering in plants that received irrigation based on pan factors of 0.25 and 0.50 was substantially delayed. All yield components were significantly affected by the amount of water applied. Only fruits from treatments with irrigation based on a pan factor of over 0.75 exceeded the average weight of 270 g, the minimum accepted for marketable plantains. Highest marketable yield (33.9 t ha-1) was obtained with the application of a pan factor treatment of 1.25, an increase of 14.2, 10.6, 7.0, and 3.4 t ha-1 over pan factor treatments 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0, respectively. Over 50% of the fruits harvested in pan factor treatments 0.25 and 0.50 were classified as nonmarketable. C1 UNIV PUERTO RICO,AGR EXPT STN,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00931. RP GOENAGA, R (reprint author), USDA,ARS,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00681, USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU TROPICAL AGRICULTURE PI TRINIDAD PA UNIV WEST INDIES FAC OF AGRICULTURE ST AUGUSTINE, TRINIDAD, WEST INDIES SN 0041-3216 J9 TROP AGR JI Trop. Agric. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1 BP 3 EP 7 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA MW957 UT WOS:A1993MW95700001 ER PT J AU POLLAK, LM AF POLLAK, LM TI EVALUATION OF CARIBBEAN MAIZE ACCESSIONS IN PUERTO-RICO SO TROPICAL AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE LAMP; GERMPLASM; YIELD; AGRONOMIC TRAITS AB Populations of the maize germplasm collection of Caribbean origin were obtained from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) germplasm bank and evaluated in two stages for grain yield and agronomic traits in Puerto Rico. The objectives were to evaluate the populations for traits of agronomic importance, determine which populations would be most useful in Caribbean breeding programmes, and compare the agronomic traits of maize collected from the various islands or countries of the Caribbean. This evaluation was part of the Latin American Maize Project (LAMP), a five-stage collaboration of 12 countries in the Western Hemisphere, to evaluate their native maize germplasm. The 562 accessions included in the first stage represented seven races and mixtures of these races commonly found in the Caribbean. The best 20% based on grain yield at 15% moisture were reevaluated at two locations in Puerto Rico. Yields of the best 20% ranged from 3937 to 7773 kg ha-1, and 18 accessions had yield exceeding the check 'Diente de Caballo', a local improved variety. Accessions with good ear quality and grain yield were identified for use in the Caribbean and other tropical breeding programmes. RP POLLAK, LM (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU TROPICAL AGRICULTURE PI TRINIDAD PA UNIV WEST INDIES FAC OF AGRICULTURE ST AUGUSTINE, TRINIDAD, WEST INDIES SN 0041-3216 J9 TROP AGR JI Trop. Agric. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1 BP 8 EP 12 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA MW957 UT WOS:A1993MW95700002 ER PT B AU SCHOLEN, DE AF SCHOLEN, DE BE Delgrande, NK Cindrich, I Johnson, PB TI IDENTIFYING DEEP GRAVEL STRATA FROM DISPERSED THERMAL-RADIATION SO UNDERGROUND AND OBSCURED OBJECT IMAGING AND DETECTION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON UNDERGROUND AND OBSCURED OBJECT IMAGING AND DETECTION CY APR 15-16, 1993 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS RP SCHOLEN, DE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO REG OFF,ENGN UNIT,1720 PEACHTREE RD,ATLANTA,GA 30367, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA BELLINGHAM BN 0-8194-1178-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1993 VL 1942 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1117/12.160339 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BZ37C UT WOS:A1993BZ37C00019 ER PT J AU ALBAN, DH HOST, GE ELIOFF, JD SHADIS, DA AF ALBAN, DH HOST, GE ELIOFF, JD SHADIS, DA TI SOIL AND VEGETATION RESPONSE TO SOIL COMPACTION AND FOREST FLOOR REMOVAL AFTER ASPEN HARVESTING SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; SOIL BULK DENSITY; SOIL STRENGTH; INFILTRATION RATE; GROUND FLORA AB Reports that both forest floor removal and soil compaction significantly reduced biomass and height of 2-year-old aspen suckers in plots in northern Minnesota. RP ALBAN, DH (reprint author), N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,GRAND RAPIDS,MN, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1993 IS 315 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA NM921 UT WOS:A1993NM92100001 ER PT J AU MATTSON, JA AF MATTSON, JA TI TREE-SECTION HARVESTING OF NORTHERN HARDWOOD THINNINGS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE MECHANIZATION; WHOLE-TREE HARVESTING; SHORTWOOD; LOGGING DAMAGE; ENERGY WOOD; AESTHETICS AB Describes the results of a field trial of tree-section harvesting, a shortwood version of whole-tree harvesting, in a northern hardwood thinning. This technique is technically feasible and especially useful where the appearance of the residual stand is a primary concern. RP MATTSON, JA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,HOUGHTON,MI, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1993 IS 312 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LW619 UT WOS:A1993LW61900001 ER PT J AU PERALA, DA AF PERALA, DA TI ALLOMETRIC BIOMASS ESTIMATORS FOR ASPEN-DOMINATED ECOSYSTEMS IN THE UPPER GREAT-LAKES SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; SOIL PROPERTIES; LEAVES; STEMS; ROOTS; REGRESSION AB Presents allometric estimators relating aboveground and belowground component weights to diameter measurements of more than 2,500 trees and shrubs encompassing 35 woody species sampled from 8 soil series. The estimators were only weakly related to soil character but were strongly influenced by population density variation induced by silvicultural treatment. RP PERALA, DA (reprint author), N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,GRAND RAPIDS,MN, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1993 IS 314 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA NM920 UT WOS:A1993NM92000001 ER PT J AU PONDER, F AF PONDER, F TI LEGUMINOUS GROUND COVERS COULD REDUCE HERBICIDE USE IN FORESTRY SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE NITROGEN FIXING; PESTICIDES; SEEDLING GROWTH; NATURAL STANDS AB Presents herbaceous legumes as an alternative to herbicides in forestry. Discusses benefits associated with the capability of legumes to control weeds and promote the growth of young trees. RP PONDER, F (reprint author), N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,JEFFERSON CITY,MO, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1993 IS 316 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA NM922 UT WOS:A1993NM92200001 ER PT J AU SCHROEDER, HW GOBSTER, PH FRID, R AF SCHROEDER, HW GOBSTER, PH FRID, R TI VISUAL QUALITY OF HUMAN-MADE CLEARINGS IN CENTRAL MICHIGAN CONIFERS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE LANDSCAPE; PERCEPTION; SCENIC BEAUTY; CLEAR-CUT AB Our job at the North Central Forest Experiment Station is discovering and creating new knowledge and technology in the field of natural resources and conveying this information to the people who can use it. As a new generation of forests emerges in our region, managers are confronted with two unique challenges: (1) Dealing with the great diversity in composition, quality, and ownership of the forests, and (2) Reconciling the conflicting demands of the people who use them. Helping the forest manager meet these challenges while protecting the environment is what research at North Central is all about. RP SCHROEDER, HW (reprint author), N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,CHICAGO,IL, USA. RI Gobster, Paul/A-2826-2013 OI Gobster, Paul/0000-0002-8576-0310 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1993 IS 313 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LW620 UT WOS:A1993LW62000001 ER PT S AU MURRELL, KD DUBEY, JP AF MURRELL, KD DUBEY, JP GP INT ATOM ENERGY AGCY TI EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TRICHINOSIS AND TOXOPLASMOSIS SO USE OF IRRADIATION TO CONTROL INFECTIVITY OF FOOD-BORNE PARASITES SE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY : PANEL PROCEEDINGS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Final Research Co-Ordination Meeting on Use of Irradiation to Control Infectivity of Food-Borne Parasites CY JUN 24-28, 1991 CL MEXICO CITY, MEXICO SP JOINT FAO IAEA DIV NUCL TECH FOOD & AGR C1 USDA ARS,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1876 BN 92-0-103193-9 J9 IAEA PAN P PY 1993 BP 73 EP 79 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Food Science & Technology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BB21D UT WOS:A1993BB21D00008 ER PT J AU MOON, HW BUNN, TO AF MOON, HW BUNN, TO TI VACCINES FOR PREVENTING ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI INFECTIONS IN FARM-ANIMALS SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL CONF ON VACCINES FOR ENTERIC DISEASES CY APR 13-15, 1992 CL ROBINSON COLL, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP WHO, VACCINE HO ROBINSON COLL DE VACCINES; ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FIMBRIAL; ANIMALS; UNITED-STATES ID STABLE ENTERO-TOXIN; COLONIZATION FACTOR ANTIGENS; VACCINATING DAMS; SUCKLING PIGS; EXPERIMENTAL COLIBACILLOSIS; INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM; POSTWEANING DIARRHEA; PROTECTIVE ANTIGENS; FIMBRIAL ANTIGENS; ORAL IMMUNIZATION AB Fimbrial vaccines are routinely given parenterally to pregnant cattle, sheep and swine to protect suckling newborn calves, lambs and pigs against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections. Such vaccines are practical and effective because (1) most fatal ETEC infections in farm animals occur in the early neonatal period when the antibody titres in colostrum and milk are highest; (2) more than 90% of the ETEC in farm animals belong to a small family of fimbrial antigen types; (3) fimbriae consist of good protein antigens on the bacterial surface where they are readily accessible to antibody; (4)fimbriae are required for a critical step (adhesion-colonization) early in the pathogenesis of the disease. ETEC infections continue to be a significant clinical problem in farm animals in spite of extensive use of fimbriae-based vaccines. Definitive data on the efficacy of the commercial vaccines in field use are not available. The prevailing perception among animal health professionals is that the vaccines are effective, that the problem occurs chiefly among non-vaccinated animals, and that in some herds vaccination moves peak prevalence of disease from the first to the second or third week after birth when mortality is lower. It has been suggested that extensive use of vaccines will rapidly select for the emergence of novel or previously low prevalence fimbrial antigen types. There is no evidence that this has happened after a decade of routine vaccine use in the United States. However, there is no active direct surveillance for such emergence. In contrast to the rational development of vaccines to provide passive lacteal protection against ETEC in suckling neonates, comparatively little progress has been made in providing the knowledge required for development of vaccines to protect against postweaning ETEC infections in swine. C1 USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,VET SERV,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. RP MOON, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 84 TC 120 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 12 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PY 1993 VL 11 IS 2 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(93)90020-X PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA KH507 UT WOS:A1993KH50700020 PM 8094931 ER PT J AU TYREE, MT ALEXANDER, JD AF TYREE, MT ALEXANDER, JD TI PLANT WATER RELATIONS AND THE EFFECTS OF ELEVATED CO2 - A REVIEW AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE-RESEARCH SO VEGETATIO LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON CO2 AND BIOSPHERE CY NOV 15-19, 1991 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP NETHERLANDS ORG SCI RES, CO2 COMMISS, ROYAL NETHERLANDS ACAD ARTS OF SCI, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, VRIJE UNIV AMSTERDAM, DEPT ECOL & ECOTOXICOL DE CARBON DIOXIDE; WATER RELATIONS; WATER USE EFFICIENCY; WATER POTENTIAL; TRANSPIRATION; STOMATAL MOVEMENT; GROWTH ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; PINUS-TAEDA SEEDLINGS; INDUCED XYLEM EMBOLISM; SUB-STOMATAL CAVITIES; DRY-MATTER PRODUCTION; OLD-FIELD PERENNIALS; RADIATA D-DON; WOODY-PLANTS; LIQUIDAMBAR-STYRACIFLUA; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE AB Increased ambient carbon dioxide (CO2) has been found to ameliorate water stress in the majority of species studied. The results of many studies indicate that lower evaporative flux density is associated with high CO2-induced stomatal closure. As a result of decreases in evaporative flux density and increases in net photosynthesis, also found to occur in high CO2 environments, plants have often been shown to maintain higher water use efficiencies when grown at high CO2 than when grown in normal, ambient air. Plants grown at high CO2 have also been found to maintain higher total water potentials, to increase biomass production, have larger root-to-shoot ratios, and to be generally more drought resistant (through avoidance mechanisms) than those grown at ambient CO2 levels. High CO2-induced changes in plant structure (i.e., vessel or tracheid anatomy, leaf specific conductivity) may be associated with changes in vulnerability to xylem cavitation or in environmental conditions in which runaway embolism is likely to occur. Further study is needed to resolve these important issues. Methodology and other CO2 effects on plant water relations are discussed. C1 UNIV VERMONT,DEPT BOT,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. RP TYREE, MT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 968,BURLINGTON,VT 05402, USA. NR 89 TC 128 Z9 133 U1 3 U2 29 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0042-3106 J9 VEGETATIO JI Vegetatio PD JAN PY 1993 VL 104 BP 47 EP 62 DI 10.1007/BF00048144 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA KM790 UT WOS:A1993KM79000006 ER PT J AU KIMBALL, BA MAUNEY, JR NAKAYAMA, FS IDSO, SB AF KIMBALL, BA MAUNEY, JR NAKAYAMA, FS IDSO, SB TI EFFECTS OF INCREASING ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ON VEGETATION SO VEGETATIO LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON CO2 AND BIOSPHERE CY NOV 15-19, 1991 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP NETHERLANDS ORG SCI RES, CO2 COMMISS, ROYAL NETHERLANDS ACAD ARTS OF SCI, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, VRIJE UNIV AMSTERDAM, DEPT ECOL & ECOTOXICOL ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; TEMPERATURE; ENRICHMENT; YIELD AB The increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration probably will have significant direct effects on vegetation whether predicted changes in climate occur or not. Averaging over many prior greenhouse and growth chamber studies, plant growth and yield have typically increased more than 30%, with a doubling of CO2 concentration. Such a doubling also causes stomatal conductance to decrease about 37 which typically increases leaf temperatures more than 1-degrees-C, and which may decrease evapotranspiration, although increases in leaf area counteract the latter effect. Interactions between CO2 and climate variables also appear important. In one study the growth increase from near-doubled CO2 ranged from minus 60% at 12-degrees-C to 0% at 19-degrees-C to plus 130% at 34-degrees-C, suggesting that if the climate warms, the average growth response to doubled CO2 could be consistently higher than the 30% mentioned above. Even when growing in nutrient-poor soil, the growth response to elevated CO2 has been large, in contrast to nutrient solution studies which showed little response. Several studies have suggested that under water-stress, the CO2 growth stimulation is as large or larger than under wellwatered conditions. Therefore, the direct CO2 effect will compensate somewhat, if not completely, for a hotter drier climate. And if any climate change is small, then plant growth and crop yields will probably be significantly higher in the future high-CO2 world. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP KIMBALL, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,ENVIRONM & PLANT DYNAM RES UNIT,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 25 TC 138 Z9 161 U1 3 U2 21 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0042-3106 J9 VEGETATIO JI Vegetatio PD JAN PY 1993 VL 104 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1007/BF00048145 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA KM790 UT WOS:A1993KM79000007 ER PT J AU ROGERS, HH DAHLMAN, RC AF ROGERS, HH DAHLMAN, RC TI CROP RESPONSES TO CO2 ENRICHMENT SO VEGETATIO LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON CO2 AND BIOSPHERE CY NOV 15-19, 1991 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP NETHERLANDS ORG SCI RES, CO2 COMMISS, ROYAL NETHERLANDS ACAD ARTS OF SCI, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, VRIJE UNIV AMSTERDAM, DEPT ECOL & ECOTOXICOL DE GLOBAL CHANGE; PLANTS; CARBON DIOXIDE; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; ELEVATED CARBON DIOXIDE; EXPOSURE TECHNIQUES ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; INCREASING ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PLANT-GROWTH; AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY; MINERAL-NUTRITION; AIR-TEMPERATURE; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; SOYBEAN CANOPY; WINTER-WHEAT AB Carbon dioxide is rising in the global atmosphere, and this increase can be expected to continue into the foreseeable future. This compound is an essential input to plant life. Crop function is affected across all scales from biochemical to agro-ecosystem. An array of methods (leaf cuvettes, field chambers, free-air release systems) are available for experimental studies of CO2 effects. Carbon dioxide enrichment of the air in which crops grow usually stimulates their growth and yield. Plant structure and physiology are markedly altered. Interactions between CO2 and environmental factors that influence plants are known to occur. Implications for crop growth and yield are enormous. Strategies designed to assure future global food security must include a consideration of crop responses to elevated atmospheric CO2. Future research should include these targets: search for new insights, development of new techniques, construction of better simulation models, investigation of belowground processes, study of interactions, and the elimination of major discrepancies in the scientific knowledge base. C1 US DOE,DIV ENVIRONM SCI RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20545. AUBURN UNIV,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP ROGERS, HH (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 138 TC 133 Z9 146 U1 4 U2 20 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0042-3106 J9 VEGETATIO JI Vegetatio PD JAN PY 1993 VL 104 BP 117 EP 131 DI 10.1007/BF00048148 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA KM790 UT WOS:A1993KM79000010 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, HB POLLEY, HW MAYEUX, HS AF JOHNSON, HB POLLEY, HW MAYEUX, HS TI INCREASING CO2 AND PLANT-PLANT INTERACTIONS - EFFECTS ON NATURAL VEGETATION SO VEGETATIO LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON CO2 AND BIOSPHERE CY NOV 15-19, 1991 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP NETHERLANDS ORG SCI RES, CO2 COMMISS, ROYAL NETHERLANDS ACAD ARTS OF SCI, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, VRIJE UNIV AMSTERDAM, DEPT ECOL & ECOTOXICOL DE VEGETATION CHANGE; SUBAMBIENT CO2; C-3; C-4; PALEOCLIMATOLOGY; ACCLIMATION; COMPETITION ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; OLD-FIELD PERENNIALS; CLIMATE CHANGE; ESTUARINE MARSH; TUSSOCK TUNDRA; ENRICHMENT; GROWTH; C-3; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Plant species and functional groups of species show marked differences in photosynthesis and growth in relation to rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations through the range of the 30 % increase of the recent past and the 100 % increase since the last glaciation. A large shift was found in the compositional mix of 26 species of C3's and 17 species of C4's grown from a native soil seed bank in a competitive mode along a CO2 gradient that approximated the CO2 increase of the past 150 years and before. The biomass of C3's increased from near zero to 50 % of the total while that of the C4's was reduced 25 % as CO2 levels approached current ambient. The proposition that acclimation to rising CO2 will largely negate the fertilization effect of higher CO2 levels on C3's is not supported. No signs of photosynthetic acclimation were evident for Avena sativa, Prosopis glandulosa, and Schizachyrium scoparium plants grown in subambient CO2. The effects of changing CO2 levels on vegetation since the last glaciation are thought to have been at least as great, if not greater, than those which should be expected for a doubling of current CO2 levels. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations below 200 ppm are thought to have been instrumental in the rise of the C4 grasslands of North America and other extensive C4 grasslands and savannas of the world. Dramatic invasion of these areas by woody C3 species are accompanying the historical increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration now in progress. RP JOHNSON, HB (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 63 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 19 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0042-3106 J9 VEGETATIO JI Vegetatio PD JAN PY 1993 VL 104 BP 157 EP 170 DI 10.1007/BF00048151 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA KM790 UT WOS:A1993KM79000013 ER PT J AU BAKER, JT ALLEN, LH AF BAKER, JT ALLEN, LH TI CONTRASTING CROP SPECIES RESPONSES TO CO2 AND TEMPERATURE - RICE, SOYBEAN AND CITRUS SO VEGETATIO LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON CO2 AND BIOSPHERE CY NOV 15-19, 1991 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP NETHERLANDS ORG SCI RES, CO2 COMMISS, ROYAL NETHERLANDS ACAD ARTS OF SCI, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, VRIJE UNIV AMSTERDAM, DEPT ECOL & ECOTOXICOL DE GROWTH; YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; WATER USE; RESPIRATION; ACCLIMATION ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; SOUR ORANGE TREES; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY; DARK RESPIRATION; ELEVATED CO2; SHORT-TERM AB The continuing increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) and projections of possible future increases in global air temperatures have stimulated interest in the effects of these climate variables on plants and, in particular, on agriculturally important food crops. Mounting evidence from many different experiments suggests that the magnitude and even direction of crop responses to [CO2] and temperature is almost certain to be species dependent and very likely, within a species, to be cultivar dependent. Over the last decade, [CO2] and temperature experiments have been conducted on several crop species in the outdoor, naturally-sunlit, environmentally controlled, plant growth chambers by USDA-ARS and the University of Florida, at Gainesville, Florida, USA. The objectives for this paper are to summarize some of the major findings of these experiments and further to compare and contrast species responses to [CO2] and temperature for three diverse crop species: rice (Oryza sativa, L.). soybean (Glycine max, L.) and citrus (various species). Citrus had the lowest growth and photosynthetic rates but under [CO2] enrichment displayed the greatest percentage increases over ambient [CO2] control treatments. In all three species the direct effect of [CO2] enrichment was always an increase in photosynthetic rate. In soybean, photosynthetic rate depended on current [CO2] regardless of the long-term [CO2] history of the crop. In rice, photosynthetic rate measured at a common [CO2], decreased with increasing long-term [CO2] growth treatment due to a corresponding decline in RuBP carboxylase content and activity. Rice specific respiration decreased from subambient to ambient and superambient [CO2] due to a decrease in plant tissue nitrogen content and a decline in specific maintenance respiration rate. In all three species, crop water use decreased with [CO2] enrichment but increased with increases in temperature. For both rice and soybean, [CO2] enrichment increased growth and grain yield. Rice grain yields declined by roughly 10% per each 1-degrees-C rise in day/night temperature above 28/21-degrees-C. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP BAKER, JT (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 89 TC 88 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 24 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0042-3106 J9 VEGETATIO JI Vegetatio PD JAN PY 1993 VL 104 BP 239 EP 260 DI 10.1007/BF00048156 PG 22 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA KM790 UT WOS:A1993KM79000018 ER PT J AU HARPSTER, DA AF HARPSTER, DA TI SCRAPIE CONTROL IN THE UNITED-STATES SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6TH WORKSHOP FOR MINOR USE ANIMAL DRUGS : FOCUS ON SMALL RUMINANTS CY OCT 22-23, 1992 CL BETHESDA, MD SP US DEPT HHS, CTR VET MED, US DEPT HHS, FOOD & DRUG ADM, USDA, INTERREG PROJECT ANIMAL DRUG PROGRAM RP HARPSTER, DA (reprint author), USDA,VET SERV,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,6505 BELCREST RD,ROOM 701,FED BLDG,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB KANSAS STATE UNIV PI MANHATTAN PA MANHATTAN, KS 66506 SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PY 1993 VL 35 SU 2 BP 8 EP 9 PG 2 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA LW081 UT WOS:A1993LW08100005 PM 8236771 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP AF DUBEY, JP TI INTESTINAL PROTOZOA INFECTIONS SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID FELINE LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; DOMESTIC CAT; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; GIARDIASIS; DOGS; PREVALENCE; ANIMALS; JAPAN RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BLDG 1040,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 71 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0195-5616 J9 VET CLIN N AM-SMALL JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Small Anim. Pract. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 37 EP 55 PG 19 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LA111 UT WOS:A1993LA11100004 PM 8421888 ER PT J AU DILLENDER, MJ LUNNEY, JK AF DILLENDER, MJ LUNNEY, JK TI CHARACTERISTICS OF LYMPHOCYTE-T CELL-LINES ESTABLISHED FROM NIH MINIPIGS CHALLENGE INOCULATED WITH TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RAPID EXPULSION; SWINE; EXPRESSION; ANTIGENS; IMMUNITY; MAINTENANCE; INDUCTION; PROTEINS AB MHC restricted, antigen specific, cytokine dependent T-cell lines were established from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of NIH minipigs that were challenge inoculated with Trichinella spiralis. Swine lymphocyte antigen (SLA) inbred NIH minipigs of the SLA(a/a) (aa) haplotype can be divided into Responder (R) and Non-responder (NR) phenotypes on the basis of their ability to destroy encysted muscle larval (ML) forms of the parasite T spiralis. When orally inoculated with 300 infectious ML and challenge inoculated with 10 000 ML, R pigs are able to mount an immune attack against encysted ML resident in host muscle cells since the primary inoculation. Because T-lymphocyte mediated mechanisms are likely to be operative in this response, a series of T-lymphocyte cell lines was established from PBMC of ten aa minipigs 1 0 days after the challenge infection with T spiralis. These t-lymphocyte lines showed antigen specific, cytokine dependent proliferation in response to T. spiralis antigen stimulation. T-lymphocyte cell lines from R and NR pigs were compared and found to be similar in the magnitude of proliferative responses, in the duration of antigen specificity, and in the alterations in T-lymphocyte subsets and cell surface phenotype after antigen stimulation. In vitro antigen stimulation of T-lymphocyte cell lines and evaluation of small lymphocytes and lymphoblasts by density gradient centrifugation, immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry, revealed that up to 55% of the cells were lymphoblasts at 4 days after stimulation, and that the majority of the lymphoblast population expressed CD4 and CD8, as well as the interleukin-2 receptor and the Class II alloantigen, SLA-DR (DR + ). These results indicate that pig T-lymphocytes of the CD4+CD8+ phenotype may be involved in the anamnestic cell mediated immune response to T. spiralis. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BARC E,BLDG 1040,RM 2,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 35 IS 3-4 BP 301 EP 319 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(93)90041-2 PG 19 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA KK132 UT WOS:A1993KK13200006 PM 7679239 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP CARPENTER, JL AF DUBEY, JP CARPENTER, JL TI UNIDENTIFIED TOXOPLASMA-LIKE TISSUE CYSTS IN THE BRAINS OF 3 CATS SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note AB Tissue cysts of an unidentified Toxoplasma-like parasite were found in three of 103 cats that were diagnosed histologically with toxoplasmosis-like illness at the Angell Memorial Animal Hospital, Boston, MA, between 1952 and 1991. Tissue cysts in these three cats were confined to the brain and two cats had concurrent lymphoid disorders. The tissue cysts of the unidentified parasite were about twice the size of Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts. C1 ANGELL MEM ANIM HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02130. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 45 IS 3-4 BP 319 EP 321 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(93)90085-2 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA KL696 UT WOS:A1993KL69600014 PM 8447073 ER PT J AU PIMENTA, AL PIZA, ET CARDOSO, RB DUBEY, JP AF PIMENTA, AL PIZA, ET CARDOSO, RB DUBEY, JP TI VISCERAL TOXOPLASMOSIS IN DOGS FROM BRAZIL SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note AB Toxoplasma gondii was identified in tissues of two dogs (3 and 10 months of age) from Brazil. Primary lesions consisted of necrotizing intestinal myositis associated with numerous tachyzoites. Parasites in tissues reacted with anti-T. gondii serum but not with Neospora caninum serum. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. IMMV LAB ANAT PATOL,BR-20941 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 45 IS 3-4 BP 323 EP 326 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(93)90086-3 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA KL696 UT WOS:A1993KL69600015 PM 8447074 ER PT J AU BAKER, DC SCHMIDT, SP LANGHEINRICH, KA CANNON, L SMART, RA AF BAKER, DC SCHMIDT, SP LANGHEINRICH, KA CANNON, L SMART, RA TI BOVINE MYOCARDIAL EPITHELIAL INCLUSIONS SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; HEART; MYOCARDIAL EPITHELIAL TUMORS ID CONGENITAL POLYCYSTIC TUMOR; ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE; ENDODERMAL HETEROTOPIA; CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN; MESOTHELIOMA; DIAGNOSIS; PROTEINS; ORIGIN; HEART; RATS AB Light microscopic, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural methods were used to examine myocardial epithelial masses in the hearts of ten cattle. The tissues consisted of paraffin-embedded or formalin-fixed samples from eight hearts that were being inspected in slaughter houses and from two hearts from calves that died of septicemia. The ages of the cattle ranged from 4 days to 12 years; the breeds were unspecified for all but one Hereford female and the two Holstein calves; and there were three males, four females, and three steers. The masses in these cases were compared with similar appearing lesions found in other animal species. The lesions in the bovine hearts were single to multiple, well circumscribed, found in the left ventricle wall, and composed of squamous to cuboidal epithelial cells that formed tubular, ductular, and acinar structures with lumens that were void or filled with amorphous protein globules. Electron microscopic examination revealed epithelial cells that had sparse apical microvilli, tight apical intercellular junctions, perinuclear bundles of filaments, and rare cilia. Almost half of the bovine epithelial masses (4/9) had occasional diastase-resistant periodic acid-Schiff-positive granules in their cytoplasm, and few had hyaluronidase-resistant alcian blue-positive granules (2/9) or colloidal iron-positive granules (1/9). All myocardial masses had abundant collagen surrounding the tubular and acinar structures, and 2/9 had elastin fibers as well. None of the myocardial masses had Churukian-Schenk or Fontana Masson's silver staining granules in epithelial cells. Immunohistochemically, all bovine myocardial tumors stained positively for cytokeratin (8/8), and occasional masses stained positively for vimentin (3/8) or carcinoembryonic antigen (3/8). None of the masses stained positively for desmin. The myocardial epithelial tumors most likely represent endodermal rests of tissue misplaced during organogenesis. C1 CENT ANIM HLTH LAB,MADISON,WI. USDA,FSIS LAB,ATHENS,GA 30601. USDA,FSIS LAB,ALAMEDA,CA. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT VET SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP BAKER, DC (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 30 IS 1 BP 82 EP 88 PG 7 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA KJ715 UT WOS:A1993KJ71500011 PM 7680178 ER PT S AU BROWN, F AF BROWN, F BE Brown, F TI REVIEW OF ACCIDENTS CAUSED BY INCOMPLETE INACTIVATION OF VIRUSES SO VIROLOGICAL SAFETY ASPECTS OF PLASMA DERIVATIVES SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Virological Safety Aspects of Plasma Derivatives CY NOV 03-06, 1992 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP INT ASSOC BIOL STAND, WHO, COUNCIL EUROPE, EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA, INT SOC BLOOD TRANSFUS, US FDA, DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV RP BROWN, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 0 TC 49 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-5879-1 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1993 VL 81 BP 103 EP 107 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA BZ72N UT WOS:A1993BZ72N00016 PM 8174792 ER PT J AU KOST, R JONES, D ISFORT, R WITTER, R KUNG, HJ AF KOST, R JONES, D ISFORT, R WITTER, R KUNG, HJ TI RETROVIRUS INSERTION INTO HERPESVIRUS - CHARACTERIZATION OF A MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS HARBORING A SOLO LTR SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID C-MYC ACTIVATION; RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUS; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; HSV-1 GENOME; S-COMPONENT; VIRAL-DNA; UNIQUE; SEQUENCES; GLYCOPROTEIN; EXPRESSION C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MOLEC BIOL & MICROBIOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. UNIV HOSP CLEVELAND,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,MIAMI VALLEY LABS,DIV HUMAN & ENVIRONM SAFETY,GENET TOXICOL SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45239. USDA ARS,REG POULTRY RES LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. RI Kung, Hsing-Jien/C-7651-2013; Jones, Daniel/I-7399-2015 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 46613, P-30 CA 43703] NR 36 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN PY 1993 VL 192 IS 1 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1006/viro.1993.1018 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA KC982 UT WOS:A1993KC98200018 PM 8390750 ER PT J AU HULLINGER, GA KNOWLES, DP MCGUIRE, TC CHEEVERS, WP AF HULLINGER, GA KNOWLES, DP MCGUIRE, TC CHEEVERS, WP TI CAPRINE ARTHRITIS ENCEPHALITIS LENTIVIRUS SU IS THE LIGAND FOR INFECTION OF CAPRINE SYNOVIAL-MEMBRANE CELLS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS; CD4 RECEPTOR; T-CELLS; GOATS; LEUKOENCEPHALOMYELITIS; PATHOGENESIS; PROTEINS; VARIANTS; STRAINS C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP HULLINGER, GA (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [2-T32-AI07025]; NIAMS NIH HHS [NIAMSD AR27680] NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN PY 1993 VL 192 IS 1 BP 328 EP 331 DI 10.1006/viro.1993.1037 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA KC982 UT WOS:A1993KC98200037 PM 8390759 ER PT B AU BLUMBERG, JB AF BLUMBERG, JB BE Mino, M Nakamura, H Diplock, AT Kayden, HJ TI THE ROLE OF VITAMIN-E IN IMMUNITY DURING AGING SO VITAMIN E: ITS USEFULNESS IN HEALTH AND IN CURING DISEASES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON VITAMIN E, COMMEMORATING THE 70TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE DISCOVERY OF VITAMIN E AND THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF EISAI CO, LTD CY 1991 CL GIFU, JAPAN SP EISAI CO JAPAN RP BLUMBERG, JB (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,ANTIOXIDANTS RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN SCIENTIFIC SOC PRESS PI TOKYO PA TOKYO BN 4-7622-6727-9 PY 1993 BP 219 EP 229 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BY49Q UT WOS:A1993BY49Q00021 ER PT J AU RITCHIE, JC AF RITCHIE, JC BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI AIRBORNE LASER ALTIMETER STUDIES FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SO WATER MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION: PROCEEDINGS OF INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON THE HYDROLOGIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology: Water Management and Protection CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, US GEOL SURVEY, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AMER GEOL INST, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, GEOL SOC AMER, INT ASSOC HYDROGEOLOGISTS, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, UNESCO, UNIV COUNCIL WATER RESOURCES C1 USDA ARS,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20708. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 27 EP 44 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZ60E UT WOS:A1993BZ60E00004 ER PT J AU BOUWER, H AF BOUWER, H BE Eckstein, Y Zaporozec, A TI REDUCING SURFACE WATER POLLUTION BY USING SEWAGE EFFLUENT FOR IRRIGATION AND OTHER PURPOSES SO WATER MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION: PROCEEDINGS OF INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS ON THE HYDROLOGIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd USA/CIS Joint Conference on Environmental Hydrology and Hydrogeology: Water Management and Protection CY MAY 16-21, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER INST HYDROL, US GEOL SURVEY, RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, AMER GEOL INST, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, ASSOC GROUND WATER SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS, GEOL SOC AMER, INT ASSOC HYDROGEOLOGISTS, INT WATER RESOURCES ASSOC, UNESCO, UNIV COUNCIL WATER RESOURCES C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 PY 1993 BP 53 EP 64 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BZ60E UT WOS:A1993BZ60E00007 ER PT J AU BROWN, TC BROWN, D BINKLEY, D AF BROWN, TC BROWN, D BINKLEY, D TI LAWS AND PROGRAMS FOR CONTROLLING NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION IN FOREST AREAS SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE WATER QUALITY; NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION; WATER LAW; WATERSHED MANAGEMENT; FORESTRY; BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ID MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES AB Recent federal legislation strengthened nonpoint source pollution regulations and helped to support and standardize pollution control efforts. A comprehensive review of current state and federal programs for forest areas reveals a substantial increase in agency water quality protection activities. These new efforts emphasize monitoring to assess the use and effectiveness of best management practices (BMPs). Recent monitoring reveals that BMP use is increasing and that such use typically maintains water quality within standards. However, information is generally lacking about the cost effectiveness of BMP programs. Carefully designed and executed monitoring is the key to better specification of BMPs and more cost effective water quality protection. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP BROWN, TC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,3825 E MULBERRY ST,FT COLLINS,CO 80524, USA. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA LM536 UT WOS:A1993LM53600002 ER PT J AU MCGURK, BJ EDENS, TJ AZUMA, DL AF MCGURK, BJ EDENS, TJ AZUMA, DL TI PREDICTING WILDERNESS SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT WITH NONWILDERNESS SNOW SENSORS SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE SNOW SENSOR; SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; WATER SUPPLY FORECASTING; SNOW PILLOW; WILDERNESS AB Ten pairs of snow sensors were analyzed to investigate the feasibility of predicting snow water equivalent at high-elevation, telemetered snow sensor sites from lower-elevation sensors. The need for this analysis stems from an agreement between the California Department of Water Resources and the USDA Forest Service to temporarily allow snow sensors in California's wilderness areas so that a predictive relationship can be developed. After 10 or 15 years, the agreement calls for the sensors to be removed. Initial efforts to a priori select sensor pairs were based on proximity, colocation within a basin, and annual precipitation amount, but regression yielded poor fits (R2 < 0.65) and high standard errors in eight of the ten cases. Analysis of the results suggested that elevational similarity was the most important selection criteria, and that all available sensors near the target site should be analyzed via a regression screening. Using elevation for selection and the regression screening, five sensors that initially had poor fits were reanalyzed. Each of the rive sensors was paired with between two and five new sensors, and R2 values improved between 27 and 46 percent. Various data smoothing and editing algorithms were evaluated but they rarely resulted in improved fits. RP MCGURK, BJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 29 IS 1 BP 85 EP 94 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA LM536 UT WOS:A1993LM53600008 ER PT J AU SMITH, RE CORRADINI, C MELONE, F AF SMITH, RE CORRADINI, C MELONE, F TI MODELING INFILTRATION FOR MULTISTORM RUNOFF EVENTS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RATE RAINFALL INFILTRATION; VERSATILE NONLINEAR MODEL; RICHARDS EQUATION; ADAPTIVE MODEL; SOIL-WATER; BARE SOIL; SIMULATION; PROFILE; SURFACE AB We present a relatively simple analytical/conceptual model for rainfall infiltration during complex storms. It is an approximate but physically based model which can treat intervals of either no rain, low rain, or evaporation. The infiltration model is based on the very general three-parameter analytic model of Parlange et al. (1982), extended to treat soils with very high initial water content. The redistribution model is based on profile extension with shape similarity. A wide range of soil types can be simulated. The model is tested by comparison with numerical solutions of Richards's equation carried out for a variety of events upon four selected soils. The model simulates the solution to Richards's equation quite accurately, provided basic soil retention relations are parametrically represented. It simulates redistribution particularly well for redistribution intervals up to 20 hours. The model usefulness in comparison with the common and simple approach which disregards soil water redistribution is also shown. C1 UNIV PERUGIA,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,I-06100 PERUGIA,ITALY. IST RIC PROTEZ IDROGEOL,NATL RES COUNCIL,PERUGIA,ITALY. RP SMITH, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. RI Corradini, Corrado/K-2066-2013; OI Corradini, Corrado/0000-0002-7297-6665 NR 34 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 29 IS 1 BP 133 EP 144 DI 10.1029/92WR02093 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KG914 UT WOS:A1993KG91400010 ER PT J AU YAKOWITZ, DS STONE, JJ LANE, LJ HEILMAN, P MASTERSON, J ABOLT, J IMAM, B AF YAKOWITZ, DS STONE, JJ LANE, LJ HEILMAN, P MASTERSON, J ABOLT, J IMAM, B TI A DECISION-SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF ALTERNATIVE FARM-MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ON WATER-QUALITY AND ECONOMICS SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONF ON DIFFUSE ( NONPOINT ) POLLUTION : SOURCES, PREVENTION, IMPACT, ABATEMENT CY SEP 19-24, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP INT ASSOC WATER QUAL, USDA, WORKING GRP WATER QUAL, US DEPT TRANSPORT, FED HIGHWAY ADM, US EPA, REG 5, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ATHENS MARQUETTE UNIV DE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS; WATER QUALITY; MULTIOBJECTIVE; FARM MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AB A prototype Multi-Objective Decision Support System (MODSS) for water quality has been developed by the Agricultural Research Service at the Southwest Watershed Research Center in Tucson, Arizona. The Decision Support System uses a simulation model to predict the impact of alternative management systems on surface and groundwater quality as well as farm income. The results of the simulation, which includes modeling of hydrology, erosion, nutrient and pesticide transport crop growth and economics, are analyzed with respect to the multiple objectives of reducing surface and groundwater pollution while maintaining or improving farm income. Often these objectives are in conflict and objectively discerning which practice is preferred can be a difficult task. The multi-objective decision making component of the decision support system makes use of dimensionless utility functions and the concept of importance order dominance. The MODSS allows the user to set up alternatives, choose the decision criteria, and accept or customize the decision mode settings. The results are presented graphically as well as in tabular form. The dominance of one practice over another, if it exists, is clearly evident in the graphical presentation. We illustrate the decision component of the MODSS with pictures of the screens from an example which uses the simulation results of several management alternatives on farmland in the Deep Loess Soil Major Land Resource Area near Treynor, Iowa. RP YAKOWITZ, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 5 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 28 IS 3-5 BP 47 EP 54 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA MA148 UT WOS:A1993MA14800006 ER PT J AU NEMETH, T MOLNAR, E CSILLAG, J BUJTAS, K LUKACS, A PARTAY, G FEHER, J VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF NEMETH, T MOLNAR, E CSILLAG, J BUJTAS, K LUKACS, A PARTAY, G FEHER, J VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI MOBILITY OF SOME HEAVY-METALS IN SOIL-PLANT SYSTEMS STUDIED ON SOIL MONOLITHS SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONF ON DIFFUSE ( NONPOINT ) POLLUTION : SOURCES, PREVENTION, IMPACT, ABATEMENT CY SEP 19-24, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP INT ASSOC WATER QUAL, USDA, WORKING GRP WATER QUAL, US DEPT TRANSPORT, FED HIGHWAY ADM, US EPA, REG 5, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ATHENS MARQUETTE UNIV DE HEAVY METALS; UNDISTURBED SOIL MONOLITHS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; PLANT-AVAILABILITY; PHYTOTOXICITY; TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY (TDR); QUADRUPOLE MASS SPECTROMETRY ID CHROMIUM; BEHAVIOR AB The soil can act as a natural buffer by retaining toxic materials present in municipal and industrial wastes and sewage sludges. Countries of Eastern Europe currently have a limited industrial infrastructure for recycling wastes. One of the most rational and economic ways for these countries to dispose of their waste waters and sludges is to apply them to agricultural fields, thereby utilizing also their nutrient content. A U.S.-Hungarian research project was recently started with the aim of studying the fate and transport of selected heavy metals in the soil profile of cropped undisturbed soil monoliths. Preliminary experiments were carried out to study the adsorption-desorption processes of these chemicals on disturbed soil samples, and to investigate the plant-availability of different metal forms. Concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd in the soil solution were found to decrease with increasing soil moisture content and length of the adsorption period, both showing hyperbolic relationships. Lower soil moisture contents increased both the solution concentrations and the adsorbed concentrations of the elements. Release of adsorbed Zn and Cd was higher than that of Pb and Cr. Higher plant-availability of inorganic forms of Ni correlated with a higher phytotoxicity as compared to Ni applied in sewage sludge. C1 WATER RESOURCES RES CTR,H-1095 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. USDA,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. RP NEMETH, T (reprint author), HAS,SOIL SCI & AGR CHEM RES INST,HERMAN O UT 15,H-1022 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 28 IS 3-5 BP 389 EP 398 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA MA148 UT WOS:A1993MA14800045 ER PT J AU HATFIELD, JL AF HATFIELD, JL TI SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE - IMPACTS ON NONPOINT POLLUTION SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONF ON DIFFUSE ( NONPOINT ) POLLUTION : SOURCES, PREVENTION, IMPACT, ABATEMENT CY SEP 19-24, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP INT ASSOC WATER QUAL, USDA, WORKING GRP WATER QUAL, US DEPT TRANSPORT, FED HIGHWAY ADM, US EPA, REG 5, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ATHENS MARQUETTE UNIV DE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES; WATER BALANCE; WEED MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN SOURCES ID NO-TILL; WATER-QUALITY; COVER CROP; SOIL; SYSTEMS; CONSERVATION; HERBICIDES; ATRAZINE; NITROGEN AB Current agricultural practices are thought to contribute to nonpoint source pollution because of large inputs of pesticides and fertilizers and intensive cultivation and crop production. Trends towards sustainable practices which involve crop rotations, alternative weed and pest control measures, use of manure as fertilizer and crop residues can lead to improved resource management. Sustainable agricultural systems should be viewed not as a reversion to past systems but as adoption of systems which promote efficient resource management and improved efficiency in the use of natural resources. Many of the aspects currently considered to be sustainable agricultural practices will lead to decreased nonpoint source pollution on both the field and landscape scale. There are large changes in the physical, chemical, and biological factors which promote these reductions. The net result of adoption of these practices will be improved environmental quality; however, to realize this benefit will require both educational efforts and improved decision making tools to aid in the management decisions required in agriculture. RP HATFIELD, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 28 IS 3-5 BP 415 EP 424 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA MA148 UT WOS:A1993MA14800048 ER PT J AU SCHREIBER, JD SMITH, S CULLUM, RF AF SCHREIBER, JD SMITH, S CULLUM, RF TI PESTICIDES AND NUTRIENTS IN SOUTHERN UNITED-STATES SHALLOW GROUND-WATER AND SURFACE RUNOFF SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONF ON DIFFUSE ( NONPOINT ) POLLUTION : SOURCES, PREVENTION, IMPACT, ABATEMENT CY SEP 19-24, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP INT ASSOC WATER QUAL, USDA, WORKING GRP WATER QUAL, US DEPT TRANSPORT, FED HIGHWAY ADM, US EPA, REG 5, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ATHENS MARQUETTE UNIV DE PESTICIDES; NUTRIENTS; GROUNDWATER; SURFACE RUNOFF; TILLAGE SYSTEMS AB Nutrient and pesticide concentrations in shallow groundwater (3m) and surface runoff were determined for conventional-till (CT) and no-till (NT) soybean watersheds. Groundwater NO3-N concentrations were similar for both tillage systems, averaging about 7-8 ppm, but exceeded 10 ppm for some storms. Annual mean groundwater NO3-N concentrations were only 0.34 ppm in a riparian zone downslope from the CT watershed. Higher nutrient concentrations in NT surface runoff reflected surface residue leaching. Runoff from both watersheds, 2 days after a broadcast application of 0-20-20, had high nutrient concentrations beneath the decreased during subsequent storms. Pesticide concentrations in groundwater of the NT watershed were as high as 250 ppb at a depth of 1.5 m within 1 week after application (1st rainfall). Concentrations beneath the CT watershed were <10 ppb maximum. One month after application, pesticide concentrations in groundwater beneath both watersheds had decreased to about 10% of their respective 1-week values. Similar total pesticide losses in runoff occurred for both tillage systems. NT reduced sediment loss but increased pesticide movement into the soil profile. Results of companion studies with corn at another site indicated similar trends for nutrients and pesticides in shallow groundwater. Within 11 months after application, herbicides were still detectable at very low concentrations (<1 ppb). Sod insecticides, applied at planting, were not found in groundwater. Herbicides and insecticides were detectable in both the water and sediment phases of runoff for 5 months after application. At the 1.5-m depth, the mean NO3-N concentration in groundwater for conventional-, reduced-and no-till corn was 4.78 ppm compared with 6.96 ppm at the 3-m depth. RP SCHREIBER, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENT LAB,WATER QUAL & ECOL RES UNIT,POB 1157,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 28 IS 3-5 BP 583 EP 588 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA MA148 UT WOS:A1993MA14800066 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, RD NICKS, AD AF WILLIAMS, RD NICKS, AD TI A MODELING APPROACH TO EVALUATE BEST MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONF ON DIFFUSE ( NONPOINT ) POLLUTION : SOURCES, PREVENTION, IMPACT, ABATEMENT CY SEP 19-24, 1993 CL CHICAGO, IL SP INT ASSOC WATER QUAL, USDA, WORKING GRP WATER QUAL, US DEPT TRANSPORT, FED HIGHWAY ADM, US EPA, REG 5, US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, ATHENS MARQUETTE UNIV DE BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES; VEGETATIVE FILTER STRIPS; MODELING RP WILLIAMS, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1993 VL 28 IS 3-5 BP 675 EP 678 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA MA148 UT WOS:A1993MA14800076 ER PT J AU ORFANEDES, MS WAX, LM LIEBL, RA AF ORFANEDES, MS WAX, LM LIEBL, RA TI ABSENCE OF A ROLE FOR ABSORPTION, TRANSLOCATION, AND METABOLISM IN DIFFERENTIAL SENSITIVITY OF HEMP DOGBANE (APOCYNUM-CANNABINUM) TO 2 PYRIDINE HERBICIDES SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE UPTAKE; TRANSLOCATION; METABOLISM; SELECTIVITY; APCCA ID THISTLE CIRSIUM-ARVENSE; COMMON MILKWEED; PICLORAM; 2,4-D; CHLORSULFURON; GLYPHOSATE; TRICLOPYR; ACID; ACCUMULATION; GLANDULOSA AB Hemp dogbane is sensitive to fluroxypyr and tolerant to clopyralid. Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of clopyralid and fluroxypyr were studied in hemp dogbane to determine if differences in these processes could be responsible for differential sensitivity. In addition, the effect of growth stage on herbicide absorption and translocation was evaluated. The C-14-herbicides were applied to the adaxial side of a single leaf located near the midpoint of hydroponically cultured plants. Uptake of fluroxypyr was more rapid than clopyralid. At 72 h after treatment (HAT), fluroxypyr and clopyralid absorption was 62 and 38%, respectively. Clopyralid was much more mobile than fluroxypyr, with 75% of the absorbed C-14 from C-14-clopyralid recovered outside the treated leaf compared to only 45% for fluroxypyr 72 HAT. Relative to fluroxypyr, a higher percentage of C-14-clopyralid recovered outside the treated leaf translocated acropetally, especially when plants were treated during the vegetative stage. Treatment during the early reproductive stage increased basipetal and reduced acropetal translocation relative to the vegetative stage. Neither herbicide was metabolized rapidly. Approximately 60 and 90% of the recovered C-14 was attributable to unaltered fluroxypyr and clopyralid, respectively, 72 HAT. Some differences in absorption, translocation, and metabolism between clopyralid and fluroxypyr exist, but they cannot fully account for differential sensitivity of hemp dogbane to these two herbicides. Differences in activity at the target site may be responsible for differential activity of these herbicides on hemp dogbane. C1 USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA ARS,CROP PROT RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 41 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LC517 UT WOS:A1993LC51700001 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, DT AF PATTERSON, DT TI EFFECTS OF DAY AND NIGHT TEMPERATURE ON GOATSRUE (GALEGA-OFFICINALIS) AND ALFALFA (MEDICAGO-SATIVA) GROWTH SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NOXIOUS WEED; GROWTH ANALYSIS AB Goatsrue, a perennial legume, is an exotic noxious weed currently found in the United States only in Cache County, Utah. It infests irrigated pastures, alfalfa fields, and noncropland areas. In order to compare their responses to temperature, goatsrue and alfalfa were grown in artificially illuminated controlled-environment chambers in 16 day/night temperature regimes ranging from 1514 to 36/25 C. Growth analysis was used to evaluate effects of temperature on dry matter accumulation, leaf area production, and biomass allocation. Both species grew best at day/night temperatures of 22/25, 29/18, and 29/25 C. Leaf appearance rates were linearly related to mean daily temperature. Goatsrue produced fewer but larger leaves and a greater total leaf area than alfalfa. Biomass partitioning to leaves was greater in goatsrue, whereas partitioning to stems was greater in alfalfa. Response of vegetative dry matter production to temperature closely paralleled response of leaf area duration in both species. Alfalfa generally had a higher net assimilation rate, but the greater leaf area duration of goatsrue resulted in greater dry matter accumulation in this species after 50 d of growth. Overall responses to temperature were similar in the two species. Thus it seems likely that goatsrue could become a much more widely distributed weed in alfalfa. RP PATTERSON, DT (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,DEPT BOT,USDA ARS,DURHAM,NC 27706, USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 41 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LC517 UT WOS:A1993LC51700008 ER PT J AU TEASDALE, JR AF TEASDALE, JR TI INTERACTION OF LIGHT, SOIL-MOISTURE, AND TEMPERATURE WITH WEED SUPPRESSION BY HAIRY VETCH RESIDUE SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; CHENOPODIUM-ALBUM; SETARIA-VIRIDIS; ZEA-MAYS; ABUTH; CHEAL; SETVI ID LEGUME COVER CROPS; NO-TILL CORN; GERMINATION; GROWTH AB The influence of light, soil moisture, and temperature on establishment of selected species through hairy vetch residue on the soil surface was investigated under controlled conditions in the greenhouse. Hairy vetch residue at rates ranging from 0 to 616 g m-2 had no effect on corn, slightly reduced velvetleaf and green foxtail establishment, and severely inhibited common lambsquarters establishment under full sunlight conditions. The same rates of hairy vetch residue reduced velvetleaf, green foxtail, and common lambsquarters establishment more under a shade cloth with 9% light transmittance than under full sunlight. Day/night temperatures of 24/16 or 32/26 C had no effect and soil moistures of 50 or 133% field capacity had little effect on response of all species to residue rates. Weed establishment was similar under shade cloth without residue as under residue with an equivalent light transmittance, suggesting that light was more important than allelopathy or physical impedance for weed suppression by hairy vetch residue. RP TEASDALE, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 15 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 41 IS 1 BP 46 EP 51 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LC517 UT WOS:A1993LC51700009 ER PT J AU COFFMAN, CB FRANK, JR POTTS, WE AF COFFMAN, CB FRANK, JR POTTS, WE TI CROP RESPONSES TO HEXAZINONE, IMAZAPYR, TEBUTHIURON, AND TRICLOPYR SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RESIDUAL HERBICIDE ACTIVITY AB Field investigations were conducted for 2 yr to characterize the responses of wheat, kidney bean, field com, squash, okra, potato, and banana to soil-applied hexazinone, imazapyr, tebuthiuron, and triclopyr at rates used for control of woody perennial plants. Test species were planted at seven selected intervals through the first and second years after herbicide applications to assess residual herbicide activity. Tebuthiuron treatments of 2.2 kg ai ha-1 were not tolerated by any bioassay species planted 436 d after application (DAA). Only potato was tolerant of residual hexazinone 436 DAA. All species except banana generally tolerated residual imazapyr and triclopyr by the second growing season. Indigenous plants repopulated all herbicide-treated areas, except those treated with tebuthiuron, by the third growing season. Plots treated with tebuthiuron were 90% free of indigenous plants 40 mo after herbicide application. RP COFFMAN, CB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 7 IS 1 BP 140 EP 145 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KW883 UT WOS:A1993KW88300024 ER PT J AU LOWELL, EC KRAHMER, RL AF LOWELL, EC KRAHMER, RL TI EFFECTS OF LEAN IN RED ALDER TREES ON WOOD SHRINKAGE AND DENSITY SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RED ALDER; SHRINKAGE; X-RAY DENSITOMETRY AB Certain wood qualities may be affected by lean in red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) trees. Such characteristics as shrinkage and density can potentially cause problems in the manufacture of products from red alder. Thirty-six trees with varying degrees of lean (0 to 20 degrees) and different diameters (12 to 24 inches) were selected. Cross-sectional disks were cut from the top of the first 10-foot log and used for measuring shrinkage (longitudinal, radial, and tangential) and density. Wood density was measured using an X-ray densitometer. Each sample was categorized as coming from the tension or compression side of the stem. Subsampling within sides permitted examination of the effect on shrinkage of position in relation to the pith. Longitudinal, radial, and tangential shrinkages were affected by all or some of the following factors: lean, side, and position. There was no significant effect of lean or side on wood density. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY,DEPT FOREST PROD,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP LOWELL, EC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,POB 3890,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 1 BP 2 EP 7 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA KM307 UT WOS:A1993KM30700002 ER PT J AU GREEN, DW MCDONALD, KA AF GREEN, DW MCDONALD, KA TI INVESTIGATION OF THE MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF RED OAK 2 BY 4S SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RED OAK; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; BENDING; TENSION PARALLEL TO THE GRAIN; COMPRESSION PARALLEL TO THE GRAIN; MECHANICAL GRADING AB Efficient utilization of the U.S. hardwood supply depends upon developing better methods of grading lumber and assigning allowable property values to structural lumber produced from hardwood species. This study evaluated the properties of lumber cut from logs of the northern red oak species group and tested in bending, and in tension and compression parallel to the grain. Compared to published values derived by ASTM D245 clear-wood procedures, the results of this study indicate that significant increases in allowable properties could be obtained using procedures based on tests of full-size lumber given in ASTM D1990. The relationships between hardwood lumber strength in compression parallel to the grain and bending strength and between tension parallel to the grain and bending strength were found to be similar to those for softwood species. Thus, procedures used to assign properties to machine-graded softwood species should be applicable to northern red oak. RP GREEN, DW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 1 BP 35 EP 45 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA KM307 UT WOS:A1993KM30700005 ER PT J AU SINCLAIR, SA HANSEN, BG FERN, EF AF SINCLAIR, SA HANSEN, BG FERN, EF TI INDUSTRIAL FOREST PRODUCT QUALITY - AN EMPIRICAL-TEST OF GARVIN-8 QUALITY DIMENSIONS SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE OFFICE FURNITURE; QUALITY; SERVICE; PRICE ID SERVICE QUALITY; STRATEGY AB A national sample of purchasing executives was asked to rate 26 product and dealer/manufacturer attributes on the basis of their importance in assessing office furniture quality. Attributes were selected a priori to represent eight quality dimensions-performance, features, reliability, conformance, durability, serviceability, aesthetics and perceived quality. Results of confirmatory factor analysis failed to support the eight dimensional structure. However, subsequent exploratory factor analysis utilizing raw and transformed rating scores supported the existence of most dimensions. Results also suggest the combining of performance and feature dimensions, adding an economic (price/value) dimension, and the existence of a strong association between service and perception of overall quality. C1 US FOREST SERV,PRINCETON,WV 24740. VIRGINIA POLYTECHN INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT MKT,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP SINCLAIR, SA (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECHN INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD,1650 RAMBLE RD,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 1 BP 66 EP 76 PG 11 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA KM307 UT WOS:A1993KM30700008 ER PT J AU VICK, CB CHRISTIANSEN, AW AF VICK, CB CHRISTIANSEN, AW TI CURE OF PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE ADHESIVE IN THE PRESENCE OF CCA-TREATED WOOD BY DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE ADHESIVE; ADHESIVE CURE; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; CHROMIUM; COPPER; ARSENIC; CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE (CCA) PRESERVATIVE; CCA-TREATED WOOD ID PRESERVATIVES; MECHANISM; KINETICS; FIXATION AB Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) preservatives interfere with bond formation of phenolic-based adhesives on CCA-treated southern pine. Ions of chromium (Cr+3) and copper (Cu+2) are known to complex with phenol and formaldehyde, affecting the rate of cure of the resin. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to thermally analyze the cure of a commercial phenol-formaldehyde adhesive in the presence of CCA-treated wood, solutions of CCA preservative, and solutions of model compounds containing ions of Cr+6, Cr+3, Cu+2, and As+5. The DSC thermograms indicated that free metallic ions in solution can accelerate the cure of a portion of the adhesive at less than normal temperatures. However, when the CCA preservative was chemically ''fixed'' within the southern pine wood, accelerated cure of the adhesive did not occur. RP VICK, CB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 1 BP 77 EP 86 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA KM307 UT WOS:A1993KM30700009 ER PT J AU SNOWDER, GD AF SNOWDER, GD TI FACTORS INFLUENCING UNITED-STATES WOOL PRICE - A REVIEW SO WOOL TECHNOLOGY AND SHEEP BREEDING LA English DT Article DE AMERICAN WOOL; PRICE; MARKETING AB There are approximately 10 million sheep in the U.S. today and most are considered dual purpose, producing red meat and wool fibre.Wool revenue contributes only 25 to 30% of the total income on a per ewe basis; however, in some farm flocks with coarser wool sheep, wool may contribute less than 10% of the total income. Fluctuations in domestic lamb prices are often a greater influence on the contribution of wool to total income than changes in wool prices. Wool prices in the U.S. are largely influenced by fluctuating international markets. The volume of U.S. wool is relatively low compared to that of Australia and New Zealand; thus, the U.S. wool market has minimal influence on domestic and international wool prices. However, the price a U.S. producer receives can be influenced upward or downward by several factors that are usually under his control. This study reviews the domestic factors which contribute to price variation in the marketing of American wool. RP SNOWDER, GD (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NEW SOUTH WALES PI KENSINGTON PA DEPT WOOL & ANIMAL SCIENCE, SIX ROBERT WEBSTER BLDG, PO BOX 1, KENSINGTON NSW 2033, AUSTRALIA SN 0043-7875 J9 WOOL TECH SHEEP BREE JI Wool Technol. Sheep Breed. PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 230 EP 238 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LW967 UT WOS:A1993LW96700015 ER PT J AU ALDRICH, JR NUMATA, H BORGES, M BIN, F WAITE, GK LUSBY, WR AF ALDRICH, JR NUMATA, H BORGES, M BIN, F WAITE, GK LUSBY, WR TI ARTIFACTS AND PHEROMONE BLENDS FROM NEZARA SPP AND OTHER STINK BUGS (HETEROPTERA, PENTATOMIDAE) SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE HEMIPTERA; EUSCHISTUS; PODISUS; ATTRACTANT; BISABOLENE ID VIRIDULA L HETEROPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE; HEMIPTERA AB Isomeric compounds reportedly released by mature males of Nezara viridula as attractants for conspecific females are evidently artifacts formed by dimerization of (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal. Additional analyses of the male-specific volatiles from Italian, Australian, Brazilian, and Japanese populations of N. viridula verify that at least two distinctive pheromone strains exist, but an active synthetic pheromone has not yet been developed. Analyses of volatiles from N. antennata and Acrosternum aseadum males are also reported showing that the native Japanese Ne-ara sp., and species in the sister genus Acrosternum, produce species-specific blends based on the same compounds as N. viridula.- (Z)-alpha-bisabolene (1-methyl-4-(1,5-dimethyl-(Z)-1,4-hexadienyl)-cyclohexene), and trans- and cis-1,2-epoxides of (Z)-alpha-bisabolene. The trans-/cis-1,2-epoxide ratio of N. antennata is within the range found for most N. viridula populations, but the blend from Japanese N. viridula males deviates radically from those of other conspecific populations. C1 OSAKA CITY UNIV,FAC SCI,DEPT BIOL,OSAKA 558,JAPAN. EMBRAPA,CENARGEN,CTR NACL RECUROS GENET & BIOTECHNOL,BR-70770 BRASILIA,DF,BRAZIL. UNIV PERUGIA,INST ENTOMOL AGR,I-06100 PERUGIA,ITALY. QUEENSLAND DEPT PRIMARY IND,MAROOCHY HORT RES STN,NAMBOUR,QLD 4560,AUSTRALIA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,AGR RES CTR E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ALDRICH, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,AGR RES CTR,B-007,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Borges, Miguel/C-6937-2013; OI Numata, Hideharu/0000-0003-3786-0701 NR 22 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 79 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA KR778 UT WOS:A1993KR77800014 ER PT B AU KOCHIAN, LV AF KOCHIAN, LV BE Robson, AD TI ZINC-ABSORPTION FROM HYDROPONIC SOLUTIONS BY PLANT-ROOTS SO ZINC IN SOILS AND PLANTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Zinc in Soils and Plants CY SEP 27-28, 1993 CL UNIV W AUSTRALIA, PERTH, AUSTRALIA HO UNIV W AUSTRALIA RP KOCHIAN, LV (reprint author), USDA ARS,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 0 TC 59 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2631-8 J9 DEV PLANT SOIL SCI PY 1993 VL 55 BP 45 EP 57 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BB47C UT WOS:A1993BB47C00004 ER PT B AU CHANEY, RL AF CHANEY, RL BE Robson, AD TI ZINC PHYTOTOXICITY SO ZINC IN SOILS AND PLANTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Zinc in Soils and Plants CY SEP 27-28, 1993 CL UNIV W AUSTRALIA, PERTH, AUSTRALIA HO UNIV W AUSTRALIA RP CHANEY, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BLDG 318,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Koleva, Lyubka/B-4695-2009 NR 0 TC 134 Z9 137 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2631-8 J9 DEV PLANT SOIL SCI PY 1993 VL 55 BP 135 EP 150 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BB47C UT WOS:A1993BB47C00010 ER PT B AU WELCH, RM AF WELCH, RM BE Robson, AD TI ZINC CONCENTRATIONS AND FORMS IN PLANTS FOR HUMANS AND ANIMALS SO ZINC IN SOILS AND PLANTS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Zinc in Soils and Plants CY SEP 27-28, 1993 CL UNIV W AUSTRALIA, PERTH, AUSTRALIA HO UNIV W AUSTRALIA RP WELCH, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 0 TC 40 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2631-8 J9 DEV PLANT SOIL SCI PY 1993 VL 55 BP 183 EP 195 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BB47C UT WOS:A1993BB47C00013 ER PT J AU ABBOTT, AP GOUNILI, G BOBBITT, JM RUSLING, JF KUMOSINSKI, TF AF ABBOTT, AP GOUNILI, G BOBBITT, JM RUSLING, JF KUMOSINSKI, TF TI ELECTRON-TRANSFER BETWEEN AMPHIPHILIC FERROCENES AND ELECTRODES IN CATIONIC MICELLAR SOLUTION SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MERCURY-SOLUTION INTERFACE; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM IONS; SOLVENT POLARITIES; TRANSFER KINETICS; ADSORBED FILM; PI-STAR; SURFACTANTS; PARAMETERS; DISTANCE; TETRATHIOFULVALENE AB Standard heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constants (k') for ferrocene (Fc) esters attached to the 2- and 5-carbon atoms (I and II) away from nitrogen on the hydrocarbon chain of dodecyltrimethylammonium ions were similar to each other and to ferrocene (Fc) in homogeneous organic solvent. However, in micellar solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), differences were found for k' in the order Fc > I > II. Activation free energies from temperature dependences of k' and microenvironmental polarities from spectroscopic studies were similar for I and II in CTAB solutions, suggesting similar reorganization energies. The distance dependence of k' in micellar solution was consistent with predictions of Marcus theory using a through-space model with average distances of electron transfer estimated from molecular dynamics or a through-bond model assuming bonding of head groups to the electrode. Results suggest that CTAB adsorbed to the electrode helps to orient the electroactive surfactants with alkylammonium head groups down on the Pt surface prior to electron transfer. Electron transfer to Pt from Fc in cationic micellar solutions occurs over a shorter distance than for I. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT CHEM,U-60,STORRS,CT 06269. USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,WYDMOOR,PA 19118. OI Abbott, Andrew/0000-0001-9556-8341 NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD DEC 24 PY 1992 VL 96 IS 26 BP 11091 EP 11095 DI 10.1021/j100205a085 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA KE711 UT WOS:A1992KE71100085 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, IH AF ROSENBERG, IH TI FOLIC-ACID AND NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS - TIME FOR ACTION SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PERICONCEPTIONAL USE; SUPPLEMENTATION; EXPERIENCE; PREVENTION; FOLATE RP ROSENBERG, IH (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 11 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 24 PY 1992 VL 327 IS 26 BP 1875 EP 1877 DI 10.1056/NEJM199212243272609 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KD714 UT WOS:A1992KD71400009 PM 1448126 ER PT J AU KOCHANSKY, J WAGNER, RM AF KOCHANSKY, J WAGNER, RM TI AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OF A TERTIARY ALCOHOL PROLINE LINKER AND ITS USE IN A SYNTHESIS OF MOSQUITO OOSTATIC HORMONE SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS; PEPTIDE-SYNTHESIS; SWEET PROTEIN; CRYSTALLIZATION; MONELLIN; HANDLE AB An improved synthesis of 4-(3'-hydroxy-3'-methylbutyl)phenoxyacetic acid was developed using THF to overcome solubility problems initially encountered in trying to reproduce the published preparation. This hydroxyacid linker was coupled to aminomethyl polystyrene resin and used for a synthesis of the mosquito oostatic hormone by the Fmoc protocol. Attempts to prepare this insect peptide by other techniques had failed because of loss of cyclo-Pro2 from the resin. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP KOCHANSKY, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 1992 VL 33 IS 52 BP 8007 EP 8010 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)74702-2 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA KE106 UT WOS:A1992KE10600004 ER PT J AU OLIEN, R AF OLIEN, R TI PROTECTIVE MODIFICATION OF FREEZE STRESS IN PLANT-TISSUE SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20TH CONF OF THE NORTH AMERICAN THERMAL ANALYSIS SOC : NEW DIRECTIONS IN MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION BY THERMAL ANALYSIS CY SEP 20-26, 1991 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP N AMER THERMAL ANAL SOC ID L CV GERBEL; RYE; LEAVES; ICE AB Arabinoxylan mucilages from cell walls of hardy winter cereal plants inhibit the initial growth of ice crystals. These polymers affect the kinetics of freezing by adhesion to ice through interfacial liquid. The energy of polymer hydration decreases the latent heat of freezing by reducing the activation energy of melting. The decrease is a measure of adhesion energy. Other hydrated substances including the plasmalemma also equilibrate with freezing by adhesive interactions. Adhesion can produce lethal stress by - 10-degrees-C. The adhesive stress can be reduced to osmotic stress by release of solutes from the protoplasts into the intercellular space. The interfacial tension in winter cereal plants is reduced by hydrolysis of fructan to sugars. RP OLIEN, R (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD DEC 21 PY 1992 VL 212 BP 255 EP 260 DI 10.1016/0040-6031(92)80240-W PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA KJ946 UT WOS:A1992KJ94600028 ER PT J AU DWYER, JT AUSMAN, LM AF DWYER, JT AUSMAN, LM TI FIBER - UNANSWERED QUESTIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Editorial Material ID COLORECTAL-CANCER; DIET C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP DWYER, JT (reprint author), NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,BOX 783,750 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD DEC 16 PY 1992 VL 84 IS 24 BP 1851 EP 1853 DI 10.1093/jnci/84.24.1851 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA KB984 UT WOS:A1992KB98400002 PM 1334152 ER PT J AU MILLERIHLI, NJ AF MILLERIHLI, NJ TI FACSS 1992 CONFERENCE HIGHLIGHTS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article RP MILLERIHLI, NJ (reprint author), USDA,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 64 IS 24 BP A1171 EP A1172 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KD101 UT WOS:A1992KD10100002 ER PT J AU BROWN, F AF BROWN, F TI SOME UNANSWERED QUESTIONS ABOUT VACCINATION SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE VACCINE; VIRUS; ANTIGENIC VARIATION ID MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; HOST-CELL SELECTION; ANTIGENIC VARIANTS; IMMUNITY RP BROWN, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,BOX 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 100 IS 1-3 BP 475 EP 478 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KE540 UT WOS:A1992KE54000072 PM 1478478 ER PT J AU KOPCHA, M KANEENE, JB SHEA, ME MILLER, R AHL, AS AF KOPCHA, M KANEENE, JB SHEA, ME MILLER, R AHL, AS TI USE OF NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE BOVINE SPECIES; NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS ID FLUNIXIN MEGLUMINE; PHENYLBUTAZONE AB We attempted to determine the extent to which nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are used in the treatment of food animals, and whether withdrawal times for milk and slaughter are recommended to clients. A survey questionnaire was mailed to a stratified random sample of 2,000 veterinarians whose practices were at least half food animals. A cross-sectional study was used to examine the responses to determine whether differences existed on the basis of a respondent's geographic location, number of years since graduation from veterinary college, and percentage of practice devoted to beef and dairy cattle. The response rale was 71% (1,424/2,000). Of those practitioners responding, 93% (1,325/1,424) reported using NSAID, with approximately 57 (751/1,322), 24 (327/1,322), and 18% (244/1,322) of respondents reporting use more than once a week, once a week, and 1 to 2 times per mon th, respectively. Dairy practitioners reported more frequent use than did beef practitioners. Use of flunixin meglumine was reported more frequently than the use of aspirin, phenylbutazone, or dipyrone. Approximately 88% (1,146/1,306) of respondents that used NSAID did so in combination with antibiotics. Withdrawal times for milk and meat were made on the basis of guidelines for the antibiotic. When using NSAID alone, recommendations for withdrawal times for milk and meat varied extensively. Overall, practitioners indicated that NSAID were useful and necessary for the treatment of food-producing animals. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,CTR POPULAT MED,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA,APHIS,RISK ANAL SYST,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP KOPCHA, M (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT LARGE ANIM CLIN SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 11 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 201 IS 12 BP 1868 EP 1872 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KD036 UT WOS:A1992KD03600011 PM 1483904 ER PT J AU RHYAN, JC SARTIN, EA POWERS, RD WOLFE, DF DOWLING, PM SPANO, JS AF RHYAN, JC SARTIN, EA POWERS, RD WOLFE, DF DOWLING, PM SPANO, JS TI SEVERE RENAL OXALOSIS IN 5 YOUNG BEEFMASTER CALVES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE BOVINE SPECIES; OXALATES; RENAL FIGURE ID PRIMARY HYPEROXALURIA TYPE-1; OXALATE AB Severe renal oxalosis was diagnosed in 4 male and 1 female purebred Beefmaster calves from herds in southeastern and northwestern United States. Clinical signs included weakness, anorexia, lethargy, alopecia, dehydration, and diarrhea. Results of serum biochemical analysis for 2 calves were consistent with end-stage renal disease. Calves died 2 days to 6 weeks after birth. At necropsy, renal calyces were dilated and contained pale yellow granular calculi. Histologically, there was renal interstitial fibrosis, and cortical and medullary tubules were distended with calcium oxalate crystals. Oxalate crystals were also in the tracheal glands of 1 calf. Severe renal oxalosis in young purebred calves, on widely varied diets, with no known exposure to exogenous oxalates is suggestive of an inherited metabolic defect resulting in primary hyperoxaluria. C1 AUBURN UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. AUBURN UNIV,COLL VET MED,LARGE ANIM CLIN,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP RHYAN, JC (reprint author), USDA,SCI & TECHNOL ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LAB,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1992 VL 201 IS 12 BP 1907 EP 1910 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KD036 UT WOS:A1992KD03600021 PM 1483914 ER PT J AU KAMO, K JORDAN, R HSU, HT HUDSON, D AF KAMO, K JORDAN, R HSU, HT HUDSON, D TI DEVELOPMENT OF A MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY TO THE CONSERVED REGION OF P34(CDC2) PROTEIN-KINASE SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE P34(CDC2); MULTIPLE ANTIGEN PEPTIDE; ANTIPEPTIDE ANTIBODY ID MULTIPLE ANTIGEN PEPTIDE; CALMODULIN; VACCINE; SYSTEM AB Mice and rabbits were injected with various forms of a 16 amino acid synthetic peptide representing PSTAIR, the evolutionarily conserved region of the protein kinase p34cdc2, for polyclonal antisera hybridoma-monoclonal antibody production. Antisera from mice injected with an unconjugated monomeric form of the peptide showed no reaction to the peptide. Of four animals injected with the monomeric form of the peptide conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin via m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysulfoscuccinimide (MBS), antisera from only one mouse had a very low titer to the peptide, and all four animals produced antibody to the MBS bridge. Both mice injected with an octameric multiple antigen peptide (MAP) of PSTAIR produced antisera reactive to the octameric MAP form of the peptide in ELISA and also to the cdc2 protein expressed in bacteria in an immunoblotting assay. Splenocytes from one mouse injected with the octameric MAP form of the peptide were successfully used for hybridoma-monoclonal antibody production. A monoclonal antibody was produced that reacted with octamer, monomer and cdc2-expressed protein and specifically with the carboxyl terminus of the 16 amino acid peptide. C1 ARRIS PHARMACEUT,S SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94080. RP KAMO, K (reprint author), USDA,BLDG 004,RM 208,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Jordan, Ramon/H-8920-2013; OI Jordan, Ramon/0000-0003-1105-4066; Kamo, Kathryn/0000-0001-6862-2410 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD DEC 8 PY 1992 VL 156 IS 2 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1016/0022-1759(92)90022-L PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA KH668 UT WOS:A1992KH66800003 PM 1474253 ER PT J AU STIPANOVIC, RD MACE, ME BELL, AA BEIER, RC AF STIPANOVIC, RD MACE, ME BELL, AA BEIER, RC TI THE ROLE OF FREE-RADICALS IN THE DECOMPOSITION OF THE PHYTOALEXIN DESOXYHEMIGOSSYPOL SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 1 LA English DT Article ID MOSAIC-VIRUS; SUPEROXIDE; GOSSYPOL; HEMIGOSSYPOL; INVOLVEMENT; TOXICITY; COTTON; CELLS; PH AB The cotton phytoalexin desoxyhemigossypol (dHG) decomposed rapidly in solution to give hemigossypol (HG). The rate of decomposition was retarded by the reducing agents ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione and cysteine, by the metal chelator diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, and by the enzyme catalase. However, the chelator, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid did not reduce the rate of decomposition and the enzyme superoxide dismutase increased the rate of decomposition. Solutions of the phytoalexin desoxyhemigossypol-6-methyl ether were significantly more stable than were those of dHG. Oxygen-18 from water but not from oxygen gas was incorporated into HG during this decomposition. A hydroperoxynaphthalenone which loses hydrogen peroxide is proposed as an intermediate to explain this observation. The formation of hydrogen peroxide may be involved in the toxicity of this phytoalexin to plant pathogens such as Verticillium dahliae. RP STIPANOVIC, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS & FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LABS,ROUTE 5,BOX 805,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0300-922X J9 J CHEM SOC PERK T 1 JI J. Chem. Soc.-Perkin Trans. 1 PD DEC 7 PY 1992 IS 23 BP 3189 EP 3192 DI 10.1039/p19920003189 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA KB893 UT WOS:A1992KB89300010 ER PT J AU ERHAN, SZ BAGBY, MO AF ERHAN, SZ BAGBY, MO TI GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY OF VEGETABLE-OIL-BASED PRINTING INK VEHICLES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The apparent weight-average molecular weights (M(w)BAR) of ink vehicles made from soybean, safflower, sunflower, cottonseed, and canola oils were compared by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and the correlation between viscosity and M(w)BAR of these vehicles was established. Apparent M(w)BAR of vegetable oil gels that were used in vehicle preparation were also obtained by GPC. RP ERHAN, SZ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,OIL CHEM RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 5 PY 1992 VL 46 IS 10 BP 1859 EP 1862 DI 10.1002/app.1992.070461017 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA JX762 UT WOS:A1992JX76200017 ER PT J AU RICHARDSON, RL HAUSMAN, GJ GASKINS, HR AF RICHARDSON, RL HAUSMAN, GJ GASKINS, HR TI EFFECT OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA ON INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I AND DEXAMETHASONE-INDUCED PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION IN PRIMARY CULTURES OF PIG PREADIPOCYTES SO ACTA ANATOMICA LA English DT Article DE TGF-BETA-1; IGF-1; PRIMARY CULTURE; PIG; ADIPOCYTE ID TGF-BETA; FIBROBLASTS; EXPRESSION; HORMONE; CELLS; SERUM AB The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a known inhibitor, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) versus the known stimulators insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and dexamethasone (DEX) on pig preadipocyte differentiation in serum and serum-free primary cultures. In cultures with serum, preadipocyte and nonpreadipocyte replication was increased (p < 0.02) by IGF-1 and by TGF-beta1 (p < 0.05; p < 0.001). IGF-1 (10 nM) enhanced preadipocyte differentiation (p < 0.05) in serum-supplemented (1% pig serum) cultures, whereas TGF-beta1 (15 pM) reduced preadipocyte differentiation (p < 0.01) in the presence and absence of IGF-1. Furthermore, GPDH (SN-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) specific activity (marker that indicates differentiation) was decreased (p < 0.05) by adding TGF-beta1 to serum-free cultures, but TGF-beta1 had little effect in serum-supplemented cultures. DEX significantly enhanced GPDH activity and fat cell cluster number, whereas pretreatment with TGF-beta1 eliminated the DEX enhancement. We have shown for the first time that TGF-beta can decrease (p < 0.01) the cellular secretion of IGF-1 by pig adipose tissue cells and counter the effects of exogenous IGF-1. These studies indicate that TGF-beta1 may not inhibit adipocyte development in the initial growth phase, but may inhibit differentiation and/or hypertrophy (lipid filling) at a later stage of development. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP RICHARDSON, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,RB RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ANIM PHYSIOL RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0001-5180 J9 ACTA ANAT JI Acta Anat. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 145 IS 4 BP 321 EP 326 PG 6 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA KQ545 UT WOS:A1992KQ54500005 PM 10457771 ER PT J AU KIMMEL, PL VELASQUEZ, MT MICHAELIS, OE AF KIMMEL, PL VELASQUEZ, MT MICHAELIS, OE TI DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY IN TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS - ANIMAL-MODELS WITH EMPHASIS ON RECENTLY DEVELOPED CORPULENT RAT STRAINS SO ACTA DIABETOLOGICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON THE STATE-OF-THE-ART AND NEW PERSPECTIVES IN DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY CY MAR 06-07, 1992 CL UNIV PADUA, PADUA, ITALY HO UNIV PADUA DE HYPERLIPEMIA; HYPERTENSION; MICE; OBESITY; RATS ID SHR/N-CP RATS; HYPERTENSIVE RATS; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; KIDNEY; CARBOHYDRATE; SUCROSE; MICE; PARAMETERS; DISEASE; ONSET AB Genetic background has recently been implicated as an important factor in the development of diabetic nephropathy in humans. Little is known about the natural history of renal disease in patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Because toxins used in chemically induced models of diabetes may be associated with pathological renal changes, investigators have employed well-defined, genetically distinct animal models to study diabetic nephropathy. This review will focus on animal models of spontaneous type 2 diabetic nephropathy. No single animal model of diabetes corresponds exactly to the human disorder, nor develops renal changes identical to those seen in man. Rodents have been the most studied species with diabetic renal disease. The spontaneously hypertensive/NIH-corpulent (SHR/N-cp) rat provides a unique model of obesity, type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. In addition, genetic controls for this rat, including the lean SHR/N-cp rat and the Wistar-Kyoto/NIH-corpulent (WKY/N-cp) rat, allow assessment of the role of hypertension and obesity in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. SHR/N-cp rats have abnormal glucose tolerance, hypertension, and develop a renal disease reminiscent of human diabetic nephropathy. WKY/N-cp rats are also obese and have hyperlipidaemia, but their glucose control is somewhat worse than that of the SHR/N-cp rat. In contrast, they do not have hypertension, the renal disease is less severe, and is less suggestive of the human pathology. Finally the LA/N-cp rat also carries the gene for obesity, and exhibits hyperlipidaemia. In contrast to the other two spontaneous models of obesity it does not exhibit hypertension or glucose intolerance. There is little evidence of renal disease in this model. The development of genetic models of obesity, hypertension and glucose intolerance provides a unique opportunity to make longitudinal observations on the natural history of diabetic nephropathy, and to test the various proposed mechanisms for the development of diabetic glomerulopathy, and the effects of various treatment modalities. Diversity in manifestations of diabetic renal disease in animals suggests the importance of genetic mechanisms in pathological outcomes. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KIMMEL, PL (reprint author), GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV RENAL DIS & HYPERTENS,2150 PENN AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20037, USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0940-5429 J9 ACTA DIABETOL JI Acta Diabetol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 29 IS 3-4 BP 142 EP 148 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LK103 UT WOS:A1992LK10300007 ER PT J AU BAKER, JM NORMAN, JM BLAND, WL AF BAKER, JM NORMAN, JM BLAND, WL TI FIELD-SCALE APPLICATION OF FLUX MEASUREMENT BY CONDITIONAL SAMPLING SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; ATMOSPHERE AB Increasing concerns about atmospheric transport of agricultural chemicals and the diffuse emission of greenhouse gases are motivation for development of accurate, straightforward methods for measurement of trace gas fluxes. A recently proposed hypothesis suggests that the flux of a substance is directly proportional to the product of the standard deviation of the vertical wind velocity (sigma(w)) and the difference between mean concentrations of that substance in upward- and downward-moving eddies (DELTAC). Reported simulations indicate that the coefficient of proportionality (beta) is unaffected by atmospheric stability and may be similar for heat, water vapor, and, presumably, other scalars. This research was conducted to evaluate the validity of this hypothesis and the utility of the method at the farm field scale. The system we developed samples air from the immediate vicinity of a one-dimensional sonic anemometer. There are two sample lines; one is open only when vertical velocity (w) is positive, and the other is open only when w is negative. These lines are routed to a differential gas analyzer, which simultaneously measures DELTAC for both CO2 and H2O. A data-logger samples w at 10 Hz, controls the solenoid valves, and computes sigma(w). It also samples a fine-wire thermocouple to allow computation of sensible heat flux by both eddy correlation and conditional sampling. Field tests were conducted in a soybean (Glycine max) field at Rosemount, MN. Two data sets of sensible heat flux, each with more than 250 observations, both produced estimates of beta = 0.56, comparable with the previously reported estimate of 0.6 +/- 10%. We show that this is not an altogether empirical value, but is derivable from statistical considerations. The value of 0.56 was used in subsequent measurements of latent heat flux (LE) and carbon exchange rate (CER) with an IR gas analysis-based system. There are discretization errors in the sample system that caused systematic underestimation of DELTAC, for which we derived an approximate correction. Even with this correction, measurements of LE still tended to be somewhat lower than residual energy balance estimates of LE. In one 4 day trial, the slope of measured LE vs. residual-estimated LE was 0.96, whereas in a second trial the slope was only 0.86. Although such results indicate that further research is necessary, they also provide encouragement that such work will be worthwhile. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT SOIL SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. RP BAKER, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 16 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 62 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 52 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(92)90004-N PG 22 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KC985 UT WOS:A1992KC98500003 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JK AF KAPLAN, JK TI A BLOOMING INDUSTRY - POINSETTIAS LEAD THE WAY IN SALES SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP KAPLAN, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC-W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 12 BP 4 EP 7 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KD869 UT WOS:A1992KD86900001 ER PT J AU BECKER, H AF BECKER, H TI HEDGING AGAINST EROSION SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP BECKER, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC-W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 12 BP 8 EP 10 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KD869 UT WOS:A1992KD86900002 ER PT J AU STANLEY, D AF STANLEY, D TI PECANS IN PERIL - RESCUING A POPULAR NUT FROM ATTACK SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP STANLEY, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC-W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 12 BP 12 EP 15 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KD869 UT WOS:A1992KD86900004 ER PT J AU KINZEL, B AF KINZEL, B TI IMPROVED GINNING FOR BETTER COTTON SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP KINZEL, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 12 BP 17 EP 18 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KD869 UT WOS:A1992KD86900005 ER PT J AU CORLISS, J AF CORLISS, J TI BLIGHT THREATENS OREGON HAZELNUTS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP CORLISS, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC-W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 12 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KD869 UT WOS:A1992KD86900006 ER PT J AU ADAMS, S AF ADAMS, S TI PURSLANE EYED AS RICH FOOD SOURCE SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP ADAMS, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC-W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 12 BP 20 EP 21 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KD869 UT WOS:A1992KD86900008 ER PT J AU SUSZKIW, J AF SUSZKIW, J TI ARS ACCOMMODATING GRIN SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP SUSZKIW, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC-W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 12 BP 20 EP 20 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KD869 UT WOS:A1992KD86900007 ER PT J AU COMIS, D AF COMIS, D TI SLOWER IS BETTER SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP COMIS, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC-W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 12 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KD869 UT WOS:A1992KD86900010 ER PT J AU WOOD, M AF WOOD, M TI FORECASTING DIETERS FAT LOSS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Note RP WOOD, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ROOM 318,B-005,BARC-W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 12 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KD869 UT WOS:A1992KD86900009 ER PT J AU BENASHER, J PHENE, CJ KINARTI, A AF BENASHER, J PHENE, CJ KINARTI, A TI CANOPY TEMPERATURE TO ASSESS DAILY EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND MANAGEMENT OF HIGH-FREQUENCY DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID COTTON WATER-STRESS; WHEAT; TRANSPIRATION AB The infrared thermometer (IRT) can be an important tool for detection of crop water stress symptoms for it measures the canopy temperature. This enables the system operator to translate it into a crop water stress index (CWSI). IRT has not yet been used to manage irrigation by using it to estimate the daily transpiration rate. The goal of this study was to test the applicability of IRT to control precise irrigation by: (1) comparing crop water stress index (CWSI) with standard pressure chamber, and (2) comparing IRT-estimated transpiration of tomato and cotton with other, more standard, methods. A model for using IRT as a tool for evaluating daily transpiration is presented. This was tested in Israel and California. The IRT was found to measure adequately differences in canopy temperature and its derivatives only when water treatments differ largely from one another. Good agreement was obtained under optimal water regime when daily lysimeter measurements were compared to IRT measured transpirations. An acceptable correlation was obtained when CWSI was related to psiL (leaf water potential). The resolution of IRT was insufficient to detect small differences between well irrigated treatments; nor was it able to assess transpiration on a short-time scale. It is concluded that at its present status implementation of the IRT using both CWSI and transpiration estimation could not improve efficiency of high frequency irrigation. C1 USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT LAB,FRESNO,CA. REG COUNCIL,YORDAN VALLEY EXTENS SERV,TZEMACH,ISRAEL. RP BENASHER, J (reprint author), BEN GURION UNIV NEGEY,JACOB BLAUSTEIN INST DESERT RES,SEDE BOQUER CAMPUS,IL-84993 SEDE BOQER,ISRAEL. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 4 BP 379 EP 390 DI 10.1016/0378-3774(92)90045-X PG 12 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA KN831 UT WOS:A1992KN83100006 ER PT J AU SPANGLER, HG THOENES, SC SUGDEN, EA SCHMIDT, JO AF SPANGLER, HG THOENES, SC SUGDEN, EA SCHMIDT, JO TI A DEVICE FOR DETECTING HONEY-BEES IN CAVITIES SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The Schmidt-Thoenes swarm trap has come into common usage for capturing swarms and monitoring the movement of Africanized honey bees. Often the placing of these traps makes it difficult to determine if a swarm has moved in. We developed a device made of plastic pipe to solve the problem of detecting bee colonies in swarm traps and a variety of other cavities. The eight-foot-long device can be shortened into two-foot sections for traveling. By transmitting the sounds of bees to the user, the device allows colonies of bees to be distinguished from scout bees assessing a trap. The device can also be used to detect other medium-to-large colonial insects with a winged worker caste. RP SPANGLER, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 132 IS 12 BP 803 EP 804 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB886 UT WOS:A1992KB88600016 ER PT J AU BOYCE, RR BROWN, TC MCCLELLAND, GH PETERSON, GL SCHULZE, WD AF BOYCE, RR BROWN, TC MCCLELLAND, GH PETERSON, GL SCHULZE, WD TI AN EXPERIMENTAL EXAMINATION OF INTRINSIC VALUES AS A SOURCE OF THE WTA-WTP DISPARITY SO AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW LA English DT Note ID WILLINGNESS; PAY; ACCEPT C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PSYCHOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP BOYCE, RR (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ECON,CAMPUS BOX 257,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI McClelland, Gary/E-6351-2013 NR 13 TC 109 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC PI NASHVILLE PA 2014 BROADWAY, STE 305, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 SN 0002-8282 J9 AM ECON REV JI Am. Econ. Rev. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 82 IS 5 BP 1366 EP 1373 PG 8 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA KB229 UT WOS:A1992KB22900017 ER PT J AU FAVA, M LITTMAN, A LAMONFAVA, S MILANI, R SHERA, D MACLAUGHLIN, R CASSEM, E LEAF, A MARCHIO, B BOLOGNESI, E GUARALDI, GP AF FAVA, M LITTMAN, A LAMONFAVA, S MILANI, R SHERA, D MACLAUGHLIN, R CASSEM, E LEAF, A MARCHIO, B BOLOGNESI, E GUARALDI, GP TI PSYCHOLOGICAL, BEHAVIORAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RISK-FACTORS FOR CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE AMONG AMERICAN AND ITALIAN MALE CORPORATE MANAGERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; STRESS; MORTALITY; CHOLESTEROL; POPULATION; HOSTILITY; PROGRAM; PATTERN AB Differences in psychological, behavioral and biochemical risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) among male corporate managers of 2 countries (United States and Italy), with very different age-specific rates of mortality for CAD were evaluated. In all, 129 American (mean age 43 +/- 7 years) and 80 Italian (mean age 45 +/- 7 years) managers volunteered to participate in this study. Each subject was administered several questionnaires assessing various psychological and behavioral risk factors for CAD, and all 129 Americans and SS of 80 Italians had their blood drawn between 8:00 and 9:30 Am after overnight fasting for the measurement of plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), total cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoproteins A-I and B. Italian managers reported significantly more cynicism and hostility, and less enjoyment in leisure activities than did American ones. Furthermore, 40 Italian (51%) and only 18 American (14%) managers were smokers (this difference being statistically significant). Although no significant differences were found in factors positively related with CAD (cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B), there were clear differences in parameters inversely correlated with the incidence of CAD. Italian managers had significantly lower levels of plasma DHEA-S and apolipoprotein A-I than did American ones. In conclusion, this study found that Italian managers had a significantly more unhealthy psychological and behavioral profile than did American ones, and had lower levels of those biochemical parameters (apolipoprotein A-I and DHEA-S) thought to have a protective role against development of CAD. C1 MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,DEPT PREVENT MED,BOSTON,MA 02114. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV MODENA,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,I-41100 MODENA,ITALY. RP FAVA, M (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,DEPT PSYCHIAT,CLIN PSYCHOPHARMACOL UNIT,WACC 815,15 PARKMAN ST,BOSTON,MA 02114, USA. RI Milani, Richard/A-6045-2011 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 70 IS 18 BP 1412 EP 1416 DI 10.1016/0002-9149(92)90291-6 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA KA272 UT WOS:A1992KA27200008 PM 1442610 ER PT J AU SOKOLL, LJ DAWSONHUGHES, B AF SOKOLL, LJ DAWSONHUGHES, B TI CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION AND PLASMA FERRITIN CONCENTRATIONS IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE FERRITIN; IRON; CALCIUM CARBONATE; SUPPLEMENTATION ID FOOD IRON-ABSORPTION; TO-DAY VARIATION; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MENSTRUATING WOMEN; SERUM FERRITIN; NONHEME-IRON; INDEXES; STORES; ZINC AB The effect of calcium supplement use on iron stores was examined in a randomized controlled study in free-living, healthy, premenopausal women. Of 109 women who completed the study, 52 were in the control group and 57 took two tablets containing 250 mg Ca as the carbonate with each of two meals daily for 12 wk. In all subjects at baseline, plasma ferritin concentrations were positively correlated with heme-iron intake (r = 0.21, P = 0.04), serum iron concentration (r = 0.19, P = 0.04), transferrin saturation (r = 0.31, P = 0.001), and hemoglobin concentration (r = 0.22, P = 0.02), and negatively correlated with total iron-binding capacity (TIBC, r = -0.42, P < 0.001). No significant differences in absolute or percent changes in plasma ferritin concentrations, serum iron concentrations, TIBC, transferrin saturation, hemoglobin concentrations. or hematocrit were observed between the treatment and control groups. Thus, over a 12-wk period, use of 1000 mg Ca as the carbonate daily with meals does not appear to be detrimental to iron stores in healthy, free-living, premenopausal women. C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,USDA,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 29 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1045 EP 1048 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA JZ774 UT WOS:A1992JZ77400013 PM 1442655 ER PT J AU KATZ, JB PEDERSON, JC AF KATZ, JB PEDERSON, JC TI ANALYSIS OF GLYCOPROTEIN-I (GI) NEGATIVE AND ABERRANT PSEUDORABIES VIRAL DIAGNOSTIC ISOLATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VACCINE STRAINS; CHAIN-REACTION; VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; INVITRO; PIGS AB Glycoprotein I (gI) phenotypes and genotypes of 4 pseudorabies viral diagnostic isolates were evaluted by use of in vitro DNA amplification, monoclonal antibody binding, gI-specific serodiagnostic responses, and in vivo virulence approaches. Three viruses were avirulent and did not elicit gI-specific serologic responses, react with gI-specific monoclonal antibodies, or contain gI epitope-encoding DNA sequences. The fourth virus was virulent and did elicit a gI-specific serodiagnostic response. Compared with reference virulent pseudorabies viruses, however, the fourth isoslate had reduced reactivity with a group of gI monoclonal antibodies and had a single nucleotide sequence substitution with a corresponding putative amino acid change in the epitopically dominant portion of the gI molecule. Presumably, the first 3 isolates represented diagnostic recoveries of viruses derived from gI-deleted modified-live pseudorabies viral vaccines, whereas the fourth isolate was a virulent but gI-aberrant wild-type virus. Thoroughly assessing the gI status of pseudorabies viral diagnostic isolates was considered to be essential in evaluating the epidemiologic importance of these viruses and in monitoring the validity of gI-based vaccine companion tests now used worldwide in pseudorabies control and eradication programs. RP KATZ, JB (reprint author), USDA,SCI & TECHNOL ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 53 IS 12 BP 2259 EP 2263 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KA936 UT WOS:A1992KA93600009 PM 1335706 ER PT J AU HAYNES, KG WILSON, DR AF HAYNES, KG WILSON, DR TI CORRELATIONS FOR YIELD AND SPECIFIC-GRAVITY BETWEEN POTATO TUBERLING AND 2ND YEAR FIELD GENERATIONS SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; SELECTION; HORTICULTURE ID BREEDING PROGRAM; SEEDLING SELECTION; CLONAL GENERATION; VISUAL SELECTION; DIPLOID POTATOES; EFFICIENCY AB Individual hills of one 50-hill plot from each of 24 randomly chosen tuberling families were harvested in 1988 and 1989. Within each 50-hill plot, five hills were selected based on horticultural characteristics, such as shape, size, smoothness, and freedom from defects to form the population selected for horticultural characteristics (HC). From the remaining 45 hills, the five highest specific gravity hills were selected to form the population selected for specific gravity (SG). The HC and SG populations from 1988 and 1989 were planted in a randomized complete block design with two replications of six hills in 1989 and 1990, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation for yield and for specific gravity between the tuberling generation and the second year field generation in both 1988-89 and 1989-90. There was no correlation between yield and specific gravity in the second year field generation in either the SG or HC populations for 1989 and 1990. In selecting within the second year field generation on the basis of horticultural characteristics, a clone from the HC population was 1.9 and 1.7 times more likely to be selected in 1989 and 1990, respectively, than a clone from the SG population. C1 USDA ARS,VEGETABLE LAB,PRESQUE ISLE,ME 04769. RP HAYNES, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 69 IS 12 BP 817 EP 826 DI 10.1007/BF02854189 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KG794 UT WOS:A1992KG79400004 ER PT J AU BERTACCINI, A DAVIS, RE HAMMOND, RW VIBIO, M BELLARDI, MG LEE, IM AF BERTACCINI, A DAVIS, RE HAMMOND, RW VIBIO, M BELLARDI, MG LEE, IM TI SENSITIVE DETECTION OF MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS IN FIELD-COLLECTED AND INVITRO PROPAGATED PLANTS OF BRASSICA, HYDRANGEA AND CHRYSANTHEMUM BY POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DETECTION; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PCR; PLANT DISEASE AB A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol, previously designed for amplification of a DNA fragment from aster yellows mycoplasmalike organism (MLO), was employed to investigate the detection of MLO DNA in field-collected and in vitro micropropagated plants. PCR with template DNA extracted from symptomatic, naturally-infected samples of Brassica, Chrysanthemum and Hydrangea, each yielded a DNA band corresponding to 1.0 Kbp. However, no DNA product was observed when either infected Ranunculus (with phyllody disease) or Gladiolus with (symptoms of 'germs fins') was used as source of template nucleic acid for PCR; further experiments indicated absence of target DNA in the case of Ranunculus and the presence of substances in Gladiolus which inhibited the PCR. The MLO-specific DNA was detected by PCR using less than 95 pg of total nucleic acid (equivalent to total nucleic acid from 1.9 mug tissue) in the case of field-collected Hydrangea and less than 11.4 pg of nucleic acid (equivalent to total nucleic acid from 19 ng of tissue) in the case of field-collected Brassica. The findings illustrate highly sensitive detection of MLOs in both field-grown and in vitro micropropagated infected plants. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BERTACCINI, A (reprint author), UNIV BOLOGNA,IST PATOL VEGETALE,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. NR 12 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASSN APPLIED BIOLOGISTS PI WARWICK PA NATL VEGETABLE RES STATION WELLSBOURNE, WARWICK, ENGLAND CV35 9EF SN 0003-4746 J9 ANN APPL BIOL JI Ann. Appl. Biol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 121 IS 3 BP 593 EP 599 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1992.tb03469.x PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA KQ239 UT WOS:A1992KQ23900014 ER PT J AU BREIDT, F FLEMING, HP AF BREIDT, F FLEMING, HP TI COMPETITIVE GROWTH OF GENETICALLY MARKED MALOLACTIC-DEFICIENT LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM IN CUCUMBER FERMENTATIONS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; MALIC-ACID; PLASMID; LISTERIA; BACILLUS AB Procedures were developed for the differential enumeration of an added strain of Lactobacillus plantarum and indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) during the fermentation of brined cucumbers. The added strain was an N,N-nitrosoguanidine-generated mutant that lacked the ability to produce CO2 from malic acid (MDC-). The MDC- phenotype is desirable because CO2 production from malic acid decarboxylation has been shown to contribute to bloater formation in fermented cucumbers. A basal medium containing malic acid and adjusted to pH 4.0 permitted growth of indigenous LAB (predominantly MDC+), but not growth of the added MDC- culture. Transformation of the MDC- culture by electroporation with cloning vector pGK12 conferred chloramphenicol resistance, which permitted selective enumeration of this culture. The reversion frequency of the MDC- mutation was determined by a fluctuation test to be less than 10(-10). The level of retention of plasmid pGK12 was greater than 90% after 10 generations in cucumber juice medium at 32-degrees-C. With the procedures developed, we were able to establish the ratio of MDC- to MDC+ LAB that results in malic acid retention in fermentations of filter-sterilized cucumber juice and unsterilized whole cucumbers under specified conditions. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 58 IS 12 BP 3845 EP 3849 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KA901 UT WOS:A1992KA90100011 PM 16348818 ER PT J AU YANG, CMJ RUSSELL, JB AF YANG, CMJ RUSSELL, JB TI RESISTANCE OF PROLINE-CONTAINING PEPTIDES TO RUMINAL DEGRADATION INVITRO SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RUMEN-PROTECTED METHIONINE; AMINO-ACIDS; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; MICROORGANISMS INVITRO; DAIRY-COWS; BACTERIA; CASEIN AB Mixed ruminal bacteria utilized an enzymatic digest of casein at a rate faster than that for an enzymatic digest of gelatin, but neither amino acid source was completely utilized even when the incubation period was as long as 96 h. Since the reaction of ninhydrin with the residual nonammonia, nonprotein nitrogen was more than twofold stronger when the samples were hydrolyzed with 6 N HCI, it appeared that much of the residual nitrogen was from peptides. Approximately 66% of the nonammonia, nonprotein, ninhydrin-reactive material could not be recovered as amino acids, but there was a significant decrease in total amino acid nitrogen when the samples were pretreated with a C18 Sep-Pak column to remove peptides. The resistant peptides had an abundance of proline, and subsequent incubations showed that synthetic dipeptides which contained proline were hydrolyzed slowly. Lysine appears to be the amino acid which is most apt to limit ruminant production. Dipeptides containing proline and lysine were hydrolyzed at least fivefold slower than lysine-alanine. Methionine, another potentially limiting amino acid, was also degraded at a slower (2.5-fold) rate when it was present as part of a proline dipeptide. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 27 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 58 IS 12 BP 3954 EP 3958 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KA901 UT WOS:A1992KA90100029 PM 1476438 ER PT J AU CAMPOS, H BLIJLEVENS, E MCNAMARA, JR ORDOVAS, JM POSNER, BM WILSON, PWF CASTELLI, WP SCHAEFER, EJ AF CAMPOS, H BLIJLEVENS, E MCNAMARA, JR ORDOVAS, JM POSNER, BM WILSON, PWF CASTELLI, WP SCHAEFER, EJ TI LDL PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION - RESULTS FROM THE FRAMINGHAM OFFSPRING STUDY SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS LA English DT Article DE LDL PARTICLE SIZE; CHOLESTEROL; PLASMA LIPOPROTEINS; TRIGLYCERIDES; GRADIENT GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; APOLIPOPROTEINS; DIETARY FAT INTAKE ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; SUBCLASS PATTERNS; HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; PLASMA; CHOLESTEROL AB Using 2-16% gradient gel electrophoresis, we examined low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size in relation to plasma lipoproteins in 1,168 women and 1,172 men from the Framingham Offspring Study. In addition, we studied the effect of dietary intake on LDL size in a subset of the population. Seven LDL size peaks were identified, with the largest, LDL 1, being found in the density range 1.019-1.033 g/ml; LDL 2 and LDL 3 in d = 1.033-1.038 g/ml; LDL 4 and LDL 5 in d = 1.038-1.050 g/ml; and the smallest, LDL 6 and 7, in d = 1.050-1.063 g/ml. Seventy-seven percent of the population had one major and at least one minor LDL peak. Secondary LDL peaks accounted for 23% of the total LDL relative area, based on laser scanning densitometry. LDL size distribution was skewed toward larger LDL particles in women (prevalence of LDL 1, 30% and of LDL 2, 31%), whereas men exhibited a more symmetric distribution (prevalence or LDL 3, 42%). The prevalence of small (< 255 angstrom), dense (d > 1.038 g/ml) LDL particles 4-7 was 33% in men, 5% in premenopausal women, and 14% in postmenopausal women. In agreement with previous reports, small, dense LDL particles were significantly (p < 0.0001) associated with increased triglyceride and apolipoprotein (apo) B levels and decreased HDL cholesterol and apo A-1 levels. In addition, we found a significant (p < 0.0001) association between LDL cholesterol and LDL size. The highest LDL cholesterol levels were found among women with LDL 4 (148 mg/dl) and men with LDL 3-5 (138 mg/dl). In addition, the presence of LDL 3 or 4 as secondary peaks was significantly associated with higher LDL cholesterol levels, while smaller secondary LDL peaks were associated with higher triglyceride levels. We also found that compared with subjects with optimal LDL cholesterol levels (< 130 mg/dl), individuals with high-risk LDL cholesterol levels (greater-than-or-equal-to 160 mg/dl) had 1) a higher prevalence of LDL 3 and 4 (women only) and a lower prevalence of LDL 1 and 2 (women only) and 2) 11% higher LDL cholesterol to apo B ratios, even when matched for LDL particle size. Furthermore, low saturated fat and cholesterol intakes were significantly associated (p < 0.01) with smaller LDL particles. Therefore, the identification of small, dense LDL particles per se may not be a good indicator of coronary artery disease risk in population studies. Gender differences and environmental factors that affect triglyceride levels and LDL physical and chemical properties should be taken into consideration. In addition, LDL 3-5 particles in men and 4 in women are associated with the highest LDL cholesterol levels. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02215. BOSTON UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02215. NHLBI,FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-35243, HV83-03] NR 47 TC 196 Z9 199 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1049-8834 J9 ARTERIOSCLER THROMB JI Arterioscler. Thromb. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1410 EP 1419 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA KB239 UT WOS:A1992KB23900006 PM 1450174 ER PT J AU BYTNEROWICZ, A DAWSON, PJ MORRISON, CL POE, MP AF BYTNEROWICZ, A DAWSON, PJ MORRISON, CL POE, MP TI ATMOSPHERIC DRY DEPOSITION ON PINES IN THE EASTERN BROOK LAKE WATERSHED, SIERRA-NEVADA, CALIFORNIA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE ANIONS; CATIONS; NITROGEN; DEPOSITION FLUX; CONIFERS ID NITROGEN DEPOSITION; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; SURROGATE SURFACES; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; LODGEPOLE PINE; WHITEBARK PINE; NITRIC-ACID; CANOPY; AMMONIUM; SULFUR AB Atmospheric dry deposition to branches of Pinus contorta and P. albicaulis was measured during summer 1987 in a sub-alpine zone at Eastern Brook Lake Watershed (EBLW), eastern Sierra Nevada, California. Results are presented as deposition fluxes of NO3-, SO42-, PO43-, Cl-, F-, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Pb2+ and H+, and compared with other locations in California and elsewhere. Deposition fluxes of anions and cations to the pine branches were low, several times lower than the values determined near the Emerald Lake Watershed (ELW), another sub-alpine location in the western Sierra Nevada. The sums of deposition fluxes of the measured cations and anions to pine surfaces were similar, in contrast to the ELW location where the sums of cation fluxes were much higher than the sums of anion fluxes. A strong positive correlation between depositions of NO3- and NH4+, as well as SO42- and Ca2+, suggested that large portions of these ions might have originated from particulate NH4NO3 and CaSO4 deposited on pine surfaces. An estimated total N dry deposition (surface deposition of NO3- and NH4+ and internal uptake of NO2 and HNO3) to the forested area of the EBLW was 29.54 eq ha-1 yr-1 (about 414 g N ha-1 yr-1). C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,STATEWIDE AIR POLLUT RES CTR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP BYTNEROWICZ, A (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD DEC PY 1992 VL 26 IS 17 BP 3195 EP 3201 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90475-Z PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KC107 UT WOS:A1992KC10700014 ER PT J AU SOMERS, DA RINES, HW GU, W KAEPPLER, HF BUSHNELL, WR AF SOMERS, DA RINES, HW GU, W KAEPPLER, HF BUSHNELL, WR TI FERTILE, TRANSGENIC OAT PLANTS SO BIO-TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TISSUE-CULTURES; MAIZE CELLS; TRANSFORMATION; REGENERATION; DNA; MICROINJECTION; INHERITANCE; EXPRESSION; SELECTION; PROGENY AB Transgenic friable, embryogenic oat callus cultures were selected for phosphinothricin (PPT) resistance following microprojectile bombardment with a plasmid encoding the Streptomyces hygroscopicus bar gene and the Escherichia coli uidA gene. From three microprojectile bombardment experiments, 111 PPT-resistant tissue cultures were shown to be transgenic based on Southern blot analysis. From one to more than 20 copies of the transgenes were integrated in the genome of the PPT-resistant tissue cultures. Coexpression of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity due to expression of uidA was detected in 75% of the transgenic tissue cultures. Plants were regenerated from 38 of the 111 transgenic tissue cultures. Regenerated plants generally exhibited male sterility; however, more than 30 plants regenerated from one transgenic tissue culture were fully fertile. GUS activity in the seed of fertile regenerated plants and PPT resistance in progeny of these plants cosegregated with bar and uidA sequences demonstrating stable inheritance of the transgenes. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP SOMERS, DA (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,INST PLANT MOLEC GENET,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,411 BORLAUG HALL,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 27 TC 126 Z9 135 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 0733-222X J9 BIO-TECHNOL JI Bio-Technology PD DEC PY 1992 VL 10 IS 12 BP 1589 EP 1594 DI 10.1038/nbt1292-1589 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA LM369 UT WOS:A1992LM36900033 ER PT J AU Daigle, DJ Cotty, PJ AF Daigle, D. J. Cotty, P. J. TI Production of Conidia of Alternaria cassiae with Alginate Pellets SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE sporulation; V-8; potato dextrose broth; corn grits; Alternaria cassiae; fermentation; sodium alginate; encapsulation AB Formulations of alginate-encapsulated mycelia are used to generate spores for mycoherbicidal. application to weed-infested fields and for bulk production of spore-based products. Spore yield of such formulations is a primary determinant of product efficacy. A number of parameters of the alginate process were studied to develop an optimal alginate formulation for field application of Alternaria cassiae, a mycoherbicide for sickle-pod (Cassia obtusifolia). The composition of the fermentation medium and of the filler used in formulation and the fermentation time were important variables. The addition of nutrients to the mycelial homogenate after fermentation increased sporulation but the amount and ratio of nutrients in the fermentation medium had a greater influence on spore yield from pellets. Optimal sporulation resulted from mycelia produced during a 60- to 70-h fermentation in 2.4% dehydrated potato dextrose broth and 14% V-8 vegetable juice and entrapped in pellets containing corn cob grits as the filler. C1 [Daigle, D. J.; Cotty, P. J.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Daigle, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1992 VL 2 IS 4 BP 278 EP 281 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(92)90019-A PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06DF UT WOS:000207173600004 ER PT J AU Kok, LT McAvoy, TJ Malecki, RA Hight, SD Drea, JJ Coulson, JR AF Kok, L. T. McAvoy, T. J. Malecki, R. A. Hight, S. D. Drea, J. J. Coulson, J. R. TI Host Specificity Tests of Galerucella calmariensis (L.) and G-pusilla (Duft.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Potential Biological Control Agents of Purple Loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L. (Lythraceae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Galerucella calmariensis; Galerucella pusilla; Chrysomelidae; quarantine tests; host specificity tests; Lythrum salicaria; purple loosestrife; Lythraceae; biological control AB Host specificity tests of Galerucella calmariensis (L.) and Galerucella pusilla (Duft.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) were conducted under quarantine to determine the suitability of these beetles as biological control agents of purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L., an aggressive emergent aquatic weed of Eurasian origin. Both species of imported Eurasian beetles, natural enemies of purple loosestrife, were tested on 15 species of plants from nine families within six orders. The plants were selected on the basis of preliminary tests by the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International Institute of Biological Control. Adult G. calmariensis readily fed and oviposited on Lagerstroemia indica L., Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell., and Lythrum alatum Pursh. However, only L. alatum and Lythrum virgatum L., besides the target host purple loosestrife, supported larval development beyond the first instar to the adult stage. Test plants outside the Lythraceae showed minimal feeding or oviposition and were not suitable as hosts. Feeding by adult G. pusilla was confined to members of the Lythraceae. Of the five test plants that were accepted for oviposition, only two (L. virgatum and L. alatum) were suitable for larval development past the first instar. As L. virgatum is considered taxonomically similar to L. salicaria, it appears that the only test plant that is a suitable host for both Galerucella spp., besides the target plant, is L. alatum. These results suggest that both species of beetles are highly host specific and should not be a threat to nontarget plants with the exception of L. alatum. (c) 1992 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Kok, L. T.; McAvoy, T. J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Malecki, R. A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hight, S. D.; Drea, J. J.; Coulson, J. R.] ARS, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kok, LT (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Kok, Loke/G-9922-2016 OI Kok, Loke/0000-0002-5734-3472 FU Cornell University [146484899]; U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service [14-16009-1553] FX We thank B. Blossey and D. Schroeder of the C.A.B. International Institute of Biological Control, Delemont, Switzerland for the shipment of insects for the tests, and W. T. Mays of VPI & SU for technical assistance. This research was supported by subagreement 146484899 with Cornell University under cooperative agreement 14-16009-1553 from the U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1992 VL 2 IS 4 BP 282 EP 290 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(92)90020-E PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06DF UT WOS:000207173600005 ER PT J AU Mannion, CM Jansson, RK AF Mannion, Catharine M. Jansson, Richard K. TI Movement and Postinfection Emergence of Entomopathogenic Nematodes from Sweetpotato Weevil, Cylas formicarius (F.) (Coleoptera: Apionidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Steinernema spp.; Heterorhabditis spp.; dispersal; insect-parasitic nematodes AB Emergence and movement of five entomopathogenic nematode species [Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) All strain; S. feltiae (Filipjev) (= S. bibionis) N-27 strain; S. glaseri (Steiner); Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar HP88 strain; Heterorhabditis sp. FL2122 strain (an undescribed nematode isolated in Florida)] from sweetpotato weevil cadavers, Cylas formicarius (F.), within sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., storage roots, was measured using a Galleria mellonella (L.) baiting technique. Weevil-infested storage roots were exposed to the nematodes and then buried in sand or soil in the laboratory and in the field. In both sand and soil environments (laboratory and field), all nematode species tested were recovered, with the heterorhabditid species causing more mortality of the bait insect than the steinernematid species. All nematode species were capable of moving horizontally at least 15 cm from the weevil cadavers within the swollen root in a soil environment in the laboratory. The heterorhabditid nematodes and to a lesser extent, S. feltiae and S. glaseri, were capable of locating and infecting weevils within swollen roots placed 15 cm away from the swollen root from which they exited. Steinernema carpocapsae was not capable of infecting weevils within these roots. All nematode species mentioned above and S. carpocapsae Mexican strain were applied to the field as a point-source inoculation and were recovered 60 cm horizontally from the point of application with the heterorhabditid nematodes and S. glaseri causing the most mortality of the bait insect. (c) 1992 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Mannion, Catharine M.; Jansson, Richard K.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. RP Mannion, CM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, IBPMRL, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. FU USDA under Cooperative State Research Service Special Grants [88-34135-3564, 91-34135-6134] FX We thank J. Foote for technical assistance and J. H. Frank, J. L. Capinera, and G. C. Smart, Jr., Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, I.F.A.S., Gainesville, and S. K. O'Hair, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, I.F.A.S., Homestead, for critically reviewing the manuscript. This research was supported by the USDA under Cooperative State Research Service Special Grants 88-34135-3564 and 91-34135-6134 (to R.K.J.) managed by the Caribbean Basin Administrative Group. This is Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. R-02511. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1992 VL 2 IS 4 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(92)90022-6 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06DF UT WOS:000207173600007 ER PT J AU Hamm, JJ Styer, EL Lewis, WJ AF Hamm, John J. Styer, Eloise L. Lewis, W. Joe TI Three Viruses Found in the Braconid Parasitoid Microplitis croceipes and Their Implications in Biological Control Programs SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Microplitis croceipes; polydnavirus; nonoccluded baculovirus; picorna-like virus; mass rearing; disease AB Productivity and longevity decreased in a laboratory colony of the parasitoid wasp Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Using light microscopy, it was determined that the colony was free of microsporidia. However, samples of the colony examined for pathogens by electron microscopy revealed three types of viruses: a nonpathogenic polydnavirus which is produced by all female wasps; a nonoccluded baculovirus which is pathogenic to late-stage pupae and adults; and a picorna-like virus which is present in larvae, pupae, and adults. The nonoccluded. baculovirus was eliminated from the laboratory colony of M. croceipes by selection of progeny from wasps which had oviposited within 2 to 3 days after emergence from the cocoons and which had lived for at least 14 days post-emergence. Upon death, the wasps were examined by negative stain electron microscopy and only progeny from baculovirus-free wasps were retained. Parasitoid colonies should be systematically examined for pathogenic viruses that may reduce their productivity and efficacy as biological control agents. In addition, exotic parasitoids and predators should be evaluated for viruses and other pathogens while in quarantine. (c) 1992 Academic Press, Inc. C1 [Hamm, John J.; Lewis, W. Joe] USDA ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Styer, Eloise L.] Univ Georgia, Diagnost & Invest Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Hamm, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 1992 VL 2 IS 4 BP 329 EP 336 DI 10.1016/1049-9644(92)90027-B PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA V06DF UT WOS:000207173600012 ER PT J AU NIELSEN, FH SHULER, TR AF NIELSEN, FH SHULER, TR TI STUDIES OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN BORON AND CALCIUM, AND ITS MODIFICATION BY MAGNESIUM AND POTASSIUM, IN RATS - EFFECTS ON GROWTH, BLOOD VARIABLES, AND BONE-MINERAL COMPOSITION SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BORON; CALCIUM; MAGNESIUM; POTASSIUM; TRACE ELEMENTS; BONE; MACROMINERALS ID DIETARY BORON; CHOLECALCIFEROL; METABOLISM; SUSPENSION; CHICK AB Two experiments were performed to confirm that boron interacts with calcium, and that this interaction can be modified by dietary magnesium and potassium in the rat. Upon manipulating the dietary variables listed above, it was found that under certain conditions, boron and calcium deprivation similarly affected several variables; for example, they both could be made to elevate plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and to depress femur calcium concentration. Under some dietary conditions, both boron and calcium deprivation affected some variables related to blood or iron metabolism. However, the effects of dietary boron and calcium on spleen weight/body weight ratio, hematocrit, and femur iron concentration generally were not similar. Femur copper, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc also were affected by an interaction between boron and calcium under some dietary conditions. The findings show that there is a relationship between boron and calcium, but they do not clearly indicate the nature of the relationship. However, the data suggest that boron and calcium act on similar systems in the rat. RP NIELSEN, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 225 EP 237 DI 10.1007/BF02783768 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA KC887 UT WOS:A1992KC88700003 PM 1283690 ER PT J AU LEWIS, CG FIELDS, M BEAL, T AF LEWIS, CG FIELDS, M BEAL, T TI THE EFFECT OF TIME OF INTRODUCTION OF A HIGH-FRUCTOSE, LOW-COPPER DIET ON COPPER DEFICIENCY IN MALE-RATS SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AGE; FRUCTOSE; STARCH; CARBOHYDRATE; COPPER ID FEMALE RATS; MORTALITY; STARCH AB The purpose of the present study was to compare the time of introduction of the high-fructose low-copper diet on the expression of copper (Cu) deficiency. Weanling male rats were randomly assigned to either a diet containing 62.7% fructose or starch, and 6.0 (F + Cu) or 0.6 (S - Cu) mug Cu/g diet, respectively, for either 1, 2, or 3 wk before being transferred to a diet containing fructose and inadequate in copper (F - Cu). At week 10, body weight and relative heart size of rats initially consuming the F + Cu diet was inversely related to the week placed on the F - Cu diet, but not for those initially consuming S - Cu. Hematocrit, hepatic Cu concentration and RBC superoxide dismutase activity were significantly lower in rats initially consuming S - Cu when compared to those fed F + Cu. Mortality was greatest in rats switched to the F - Cu diet at weeks 1 and 2 when compared to those switched at week 3 regardless of the type of diet initially consumed. Plasma cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations were not significantly altered by the type of diet initially consumed or by the time of introduction of the F - Cu diet. It was concluded that changing rats to a F - Cu diet at 1, 2, or 3 wk after weaning did not significantly improve some of the characteristic signs associated with Cu deficiency, but the later that the F - Cu diet was introduced after weaning the greater the chances for survival. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COLL PK,MD 20742. GEORGETOWN UNIV,DIV ENDOCRINOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. RP LEWIS, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BHNRC,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 239 EP 246 DI 10.1007/BF02783769 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA KC887 UT WOS:A1992KC88700004 PM 1283691 ER PT J AU HAWKES, WC WILLHITE, CC CRAIG, KA OMAYE, ST COX, DN CHOY, WN HENDRICKX, AG AF HAWKES, WC WILLHITE, CC CRAIG, KA OMAYE, ST COX, DN CHOY, WN HENDRICKX, AG TI EFFECTS OF EXCESS SELENOMETHIONINE ON SELENIUM STATUS INDICATORS IN PREGNANT LONG-TAILED MACAQUES (MACACA-FASCICULARIS) SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SELENOMETHIONINE; SELENIUM; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; MACACA-FASCICULARIS; LONG-TAILED MACAQUE; NONHUMAN PRIMATE; SELENIUM STATUS ASSESSMENT; SELENIUM TOXICITY, CANCER CHEMOPREVENTION ID GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE-ACTIVITIES; NEW-ZEALAND RESIDENTS; INORGANIC SELENIUM; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; BLOOD; REPLETION; PLASMA; RAT; SUPPLEMENTATION; DEPOSITION AB Forty pregnant long-tailed macaques were treated daily for 30 d with 0, 25, 150, or 300 mug selenium as L-selenomethionine/kg body weight. Erythrocyte and plasma selenium and glutathione peroxidase specific activities, hair and fecal selenium, and urinary selenium excretion were increased by and were linearly related to L-selenomethionine dose. Hair selenium was most sensitive to L-selenomethionine dose, with an 84-fold increase in the 300 mug selenium/(kg-d) group relative to controls (r = 0.917). Daily urinary selenium excretion (80-fold, r = 0.958), plasma selenium (22-fold, r = 0.885), erythrocyte selenium (24-fold, r = 0.920), and fecal selenium (18-fold, r = 0.911) also responded strongly to L-selenomethionine. Erythrocyte and plasma glutathione peroxidase specific activities increased 154% and 69% over controls, respectively. Toxicity was associated with erythrocyte selenium > 2.3 mug/mL, plasma selenium > 2.8 mug/mL, and hair selenium > 27 mug/g. Plasma, erythrocyte, and hair selenium concentrations may be useful for monitoring and preventing the toxicity of L-selenomethionine administered to humans in cancer chemoprevention trials. C1 DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. LETTERMAN ARMY INST RES,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. CALIF PUBL HLTH FDN,BERKELEY,CA 94704. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CALIF PRIMATE RES CTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP HAWKES, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 35 IS 3 BP 281 EP 297 DI 10.1007/BF02783772 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA KC887 UT WOS:A1992KC88700007 PM 1283694 ER PT J AU AMBUS, P MOSIER, A CHRISTENSEN, S AF AMBUS, P MOSIER, A CHRISTENSEN, S TI NITROGEN TURNOVER RATES IN A RIPARIAN FEN DETERMINED BY N-15 DILUTION SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE N-MINERALIZATION; ASSIMILATION; NITRIFICATION; NO3- REDUCTION; RIPARIAN FEN; N-15 SUBSTRATES ID N-MINERALIZATION; HETEROTROPHIC NITRIFICATION; VEGETATION RESPONSE; NITRATE REDUCTION; WET MEADOWS; SOIL; DENITRIFICATION; ACETYLENE; AMMONIUM; SEDIMENT AB Gross rates of N mineralization, assimilation, nitrification, and NO3- reduction were determined in soil from a wet riparian fen by 1-day incubations of soil cores and slurries with N-15-labelled substrates. N mineralization transformed 0.1% of the total organic N pool daily in the soil cores, of which 25% was oxidized through autotrophic nitrification and 53% - 70% was incorporated into microorganisms. N mineralization and nitrification were markedly inhibited below 5 cm in soil depth. At least 80% of the NO3- reduction in aerated cores occurred through dissimilatory processes. Dissimilatory reduction to NH4+ (DNRA) occurred only below 5 cm in depth. The results show that NH4+ oxidation was limited by available substrate and was itself a strong regulator of NO3--reducing activity. NO3- reduction was significantly increased when the soil was suspended under anaerobiosis; adding glucose to the soil slurries increased NO3- reduction by 2.4 - 3.7 times. Between 3% and 9% (net) of the added NO3- was reduced through DNRA in the soil slurries. The highest percentage was observed in soil samples from deeper layers that were pre-incubated anaerobically. C1 USDA ARS, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA. RP AMBUS, P (reprint author), UNIV COPENHAGEN, INST POPULAT BIOL, DK-2100 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK. RI Christensen, Soren/J-6246-2014; Ambus, Per/B-2514-2015 OI Christensen, Soren/0000-0002-7067-5586; Ambus, Per/0000-0001-7580-524X NR 40 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD DEC PY 1992 VL 14 IS 4 BP 230 EP 236 DI 10.1007/BF00395457 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KB460 UT WOS:A1992KB46000002 ER PT J AU SPARROW, SD SPARROW, EB COCHRAN, VL AF SPARROW, SD SPARROW, EB COCHRAN, VL TI DECOMPOSITION IN FOREST AND FALLOW SUB-ARCTIC SOILS SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE MASS LOSS; C-MINERALIZATION; N-MINERALIZATION; FOREST FLOOR MATERIALS; CELLULOSE; LIGNIN; SUB-ARCTIC SOILS ID SPRUCE-LICHEN WOODLAND; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; INTERIOR ALASKA; ORGANIC-MATTER; BARLEY STRAW; HEAT UNITS; ECOSYSTEMS; CARBON; AGRICULTURE; TEMPERATURE AB Large-scale agricultural development in high latitude regions could lead to large losses of soil C due to accelerated decomposition. Changes in decomposition rates of forest floor material upon land clearing in interior Alaska were simulated by measuring, over a 2-year period, changes in mass, cellulose, lignin, and N of forest floor materials and in mass of filter papers and wood in a forest floor and a fallowed field. All materials decomposed slowly at the surface, with about 90% of the original weight remaining after 2 years. Decomposition rates were higher for materials buried in the field than the forest. Cellulose loss in forest floor materials closely followed mass loss, whereas lignin loss was not significant. However, weight loss of wood was rapid when buried in the field, with about 20% of the initial mass remaining after 2 years. Relationships between mass loss of buried forest floor materials and soil degree days were significant (r = 70% - 80%). Temperature was a major, but not the only factor, controlling decomposition rates. Forest floor materials showed significant N losses, indicating net N mineralization and that N deficiency was not a factor affecting decomposition. C loss to the atmosphere due to decomposition of forest floor materials after forest clearing will be minimal and similar to that in the undisturbed forest if left on the soil surface, but will be substantial if incorportated into the soil. Incorporation is necessary for cropping; thus some accelerated decomposition is unavoidable in clearing subarctic forests for cultivation. C1 USDA ARS,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP SPARROW, SD (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS,AGR & FORESTRY EXPT STN,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD DEC PY 1992 VL 14 IS 4 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1007/BF00395460 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KB460 UT WOS:A1992KB46000005 ER PT J AU GUTHRIE, HD ROHAN, RM REXROAD, CE COOPER, BS AF GUTHRIE, HD ROHAN, RM REXROAD, CE COOPER, BS TI CHANGES IN CONCENTRATIONS OF FOLLICULAR INHIBIN-ALPHA AND BETA-A SUBUNIT MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC-ACIDS AND INHIBIN IMMUNOACTIVITY DURING PREOVULATORY MATURATION IN THE PIG SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID OVARIAN FOLLICLES; PROGESTERONE AGONIST; FLUID INHIBIN; ESTROUS-CYCLE; BOVINE OVARY; RAT; GONADOTROPINS; SECRETION; GRANULOSA; GROWTH AB Ovarian tissues were collected from 5 pigs on each of days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after withdrawal of an orally active progestin to determine changes in follicular inhibin subunit mRNAs during preovulatory maturation. Follicles (N = 146) were aspirated for fluid and homogenized in guanidinium isothiocyanate for RNA isolation. Follicular RNA and inhibin alpha and beta(A) subunit mRNA standards were dot-blotted, hybridized with [P-32]-cDNA probes, and quantified by densitometry. Mean concentrations of a mRNA (pg/mug of RNA) increased (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) by 140% as healthy follicles grew from medium (3-5 mm) to large (>5 mm). Inhibin immunoactivity was greater (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) in large than medium follicles. In contrast, mean concentrations of inhibin beta(A) subunit mRNA did not differ between healthy medium and large follicles. However, both alpha mRNA and beta(A) mRNA increased (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) linearly as follicular diameter increased from 3 to 5 mm on Day 1 and from 3 to 9 mm on Day 3. On Day 5, a mRNA remained elevated, but was not significantly correlated with diameter. In contrast, beta(A) mRNA decreased linearly (p < 0.05) as increased from 6 to 11 mm on Day 5. The molar ratio of mRNA to beta(A) mRNA was 20:1 in healthy, large follicles on Days 3 and 5. Mean concentration of alpha mRNA in large follicles decreased (p < 0.05) by 72% between Days 5 and 7, while beta(A) mRNA decreased to non-detectable levels on Day 7. Mean concentration of immunoactive inhibin in large follicles increased (p < 0.05) between Days 3 and 7. Results indicate that 1) inhibin alpha and beta(A) subunit mRNA increased in follicles selected for ovulation and decreased during luteinization, and 2) inhibin alpha subunit peptide increased progressively during preovulatory maturation. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,DIV REPROD ENDOCRINOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GENE EVALUT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP GUTHRIE, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 47 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1018 EP 1025 DI 10.1095/biolreprod47.6.1018 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA JZ900 UT WOS:A1992JZ90000015 PM 1493165 ER PT J AU ARCHIBONG, AE MAURER, RR ENGLAND, DC STORMSHAK, F AF ARCHIBONG, AE MAURER, RR ENGLAND, DC STORMSHAK, F TI INFLUENCE OF SEXUAL MATURITY OF DONOR ON INVIVO SURVIVAL OF TRANSFERRED PORCINE EMBRYOS SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID 3RD ESTRUS; ESTRONE SULFATE; GILTS; 1ST; PIG; PROGESTERONE; PERFORMANCE; PREGNANCY; PUBERTY; PLASMA AB A study was conducted to determine whether embryos recovered from first-estrous (pubertal) and second-estrous gilts differed in survival when transferred to first- or third-estrous recipients. Embryos were recovered surgically from first- and second-estrous donors 48-72 h postmating and 6-10 normal embryos/zygotes (1-4 cells) were transferred to oviducts (3-5 embryos/ampulla) of nonmated synchronous first- (n = 40) or third- (n = 15) estrous recipients. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of recipient gilts on Days 3, 12, and 30 of gestation and the sem were analyzed for progesterone and free (unconjugated) estrogens by use of radioimmunoassays. Recipient gilts were subsequently slaughtered between Days 30 and 40 to assess embryonic losses. Mean number of ovulations was lower among first-estrous vs. third-estrous recipients (8.9 +/- 0.7 vs. 11.4 +/- 0.7; P < 0.05). Percentage of recipients that maintained pregnancy was similar between first- and third-estrous gilts (67.5 vs. 60.0% ) and recovery of total conceptuses (normal and degenerating) resulting from transfer of one-cell- and cleavage-stage embryos did not differ among first- vs. third-estrous gilts (76.1 vs. 78.2% ). Similarly, percentage of viable fetuses in first-estrous gilts that were pregnant from transfer of one-cell- and cleavage-stage embryos was not different from that of third-estrous gilts (69.3 vs. 75.6%). Percentages of total conceptuses and viable fetuses in first- and third-estrous gilts that were recipients of cleavage-stage embryos only also did not differ (p > 0.05). However, when source of embryo was considered, percentage of viable fetuses resulting from transfer of embryos of first-estrous gilts was less (63.8% ) than that from gilts that had exhibited one estrous cycle (84.9%; p < 0.005). Serum concentrations of progesterone were significantly lower in first- vs. third-estrous recipients on Days 3, 12, and 30 of gestation. However, serum-free estrogen in pregnant first- vs. pregnant third-estrous recipients on Days 12 and 30 was not different statistically. These data indicate that the documented increase in embryonic mortality in gilts bred at pubertal estrus is not due to an abnormal intrauterine environment but rather to a deficiency of the conceptus. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1026 EP 1030 DI 10.1095/biolreprod47.6.1026 PG 5 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA JZ900 UT WOS:A1992JZ90000016 PM 1493166 ER PT J AU PIAZZA, GJ AF PIAZZA, GJ TI LIPOXYGENASE CATALYZED HYDROPEROXIDE FORMATION IN MICROEMULSIONS CONTAINING NONIONIC SURFACTANT SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION; ACID AB Nearly quantitative conversion of linoleic acid to its hydroperoxide was achieved at room temperature (approximately 24-degrees-C) in microemulsions containing surfactant, water, and organic solvent, using air as the oxygen source, and lipoxygenase from soybeans as the catalyst, providing an excellent route to this strategic intermediate in the synthesis of important industrial products. RP PIAZZA, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. OI Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 12 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1153 EP 1158 DI 10.1007/BF01027020 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA KE306 UT WOS:A1992KE30600011 ER PT J AU GROHMANN, K BALDWIN, EA AF GROHMANN, K BALDWIN, EA TI HYDROLYSIS OF ORANGE PEEL WITH PECTINASE AND CELLULASE ENZYMES SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Hydrolysis of polysaccharides in comminuted orange peel by commercial cellulase and pectinase enzymes has been investigated. High levels of conversion to monomeric sugars were observed after treatment with pectinase enzyme, but cellulase enzyme achieved only limited solubilization. The combination of cellulase and pectinase enzymes appears to be a most efficient system for enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides in orange peel. RP GROHMANN, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,SAA CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,600 AVE S NW,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 16 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 6 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1169 EP 1174 DI 10.1007/BF01027023 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA KE306 UT WOS:A1992KE30600014 ER PT J AU ZABINSKI, C AF ZABINSKI, C TI ISOZYME VARIATION IN EASTERN HEMLOCK SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PINE PINUS-RESINOSA; RED PINE; AVERAGE HETEROZYGOSITY; GENETIC DISTANCE; NORTH-AMERICA; SMALL NUMBER; POPULATIONS; HISTORY; POLLEN; INDIVIDUALS AB The western and southern edges of its geographic distribution are characterized by disjunct populations 50-100 km or more from the continuous distribution. Genetic variation was measured using starch gel electrophoresis of needle tissue enzymes from 17 populations throughout the species' distribution. Six enzyme systems including 10 putative loci were assayed, with only 1 of the 10 loci being polymorphic. The polymorphic locus, cytochrome oxidase, consisted of two alleles present in all but two populations. Allele frequencies averaged 0.69 and 0.31. The low level of genetic variation in eastern hemlock was an unexpected result, given that most coniferous species are highly variable. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ECOL EVOLUT & BEHAV,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP ZABINSKI, C (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1838 EP 1842 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KG576 UT WOS:A1992KG57600004 ER PT J AU THURSTON, SW KRASNY, ME MARTIN, CW FAHEY, TJ AF THURSTON, SW KRASNY, ME MARTIN, CW FAHEY, TJ TI EFFECT OF SITE CHARACTERISTICS AND 1ST-YEAR AND 2ND-YEAR SEEDLING DENSITIES ON FOREST DEVELOPMENT IN A NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID HUBBARD BROOK ECOSYSTEM AB Factors influencing the initial colonization and subsequent (18-year) survivorship of trees were studied in two clear-cut watersheds in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire. Variation in microsite conditions associated with the harvest operations (e.g., soil scarification, slash) and physical gradients within the watershed were particularly important in determining 1st- and 2nd-year densities of pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.), whereas factors relating to seed availability and the presence of advance seedlings and sprouts were important in determining 1st- and 2nd-year white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) density. The 1st- and 2nd-year densities of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) were relatively independent of factors measured in this study and were probably related to both seed availability and the presence of advance seedlings and sprouts. Physical site factors immediately following clear-cutting continued to be important in determining the density of pin cherry and yellow birch at stand age 18 years, whereas 2nd-year sugar maple and beech seedling and sprout densities were the most important factors in determining the densities of these species 18 years following clear-cutting. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT NAT RESOURCES,FERNOW HALL,ITHACA,NY 14853. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,CAMPTON,NH 03223. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1860 EP 1868 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KG576 UT WOS:A1992KG57600007 ER PT J AU COPES, DL AF COPES, DL TI EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM PRUNING, MERISTEM ORIGIN, AND BRANCH ORDER ON THE ROOTING OF DOUGLAS-FIR STEM CUTTINGS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ABIES-FRASERI; SITKA SPRUCE; PROPAGATION AB The rooting percentages of 14 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) clones were examined annually from 1974 to 1988. The trees were 10 and 13 years old in 1974 and were pruned to 2.0 m in 1978 and 1979 and then recut annually to 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 m, starting in 1983. The pruned trees showed no evidence of decreased rooting percentage even after 15 years; average rooting increased from 47% in 1974 to 74% in 1986. Rooting percentage was significantly influenced by tree height. Cuttings collected from 0.5 m tall ramets exhibited better rooting than cuttings from 1.0 or 2.0 m tall ramets, and cuttings from 1.0 m tall ramets rooted better than cuttings from 2.0 m tali ramets. Rooting of cuttings collected from 0.5 m high subinterval zones within trees showed a negative linear relation between rooting percentage and collection height. Cuttings collected from the 0-0.5 m zone rooted 25% better than cuttings from the 1.5-2.0 m zone of the 2 m tall trees. That difference was significant at p < 0.05. A test of rooting of larger, more orthotropic cuttings gathered from the upper flat surface of pruned ramets indicated that the cuttings from the top rooted significantly less than smaller, more plagiotropic cuttings from the contiguous side areas (24 versus 33%, respectively). Rooting comparisons of meristems of primary and secondary origin showed significantly greater rooting of secondary meristems. Comparison of rooting of second-order and first-order meristems of secondary origin indicated the second-order twigs averaged 26% better rooting than the first-order branch tips when the cuttings were collected in January and placed in the rooting beds in February. RP COPES, DL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1888 EP 1894 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KG576 UT WOS:A1992KG57600011 ER PT J AU MCQUATTIE, CJ SCHIER, GA AF MCQUATTIE, CJ SCHIER, GA TI EFFECT OF OZONE AND ALUMINUM ON PITCH PINE (PINUS-RIGIDA) SEEDLINGS - ANATOMY OF MYCORRHIZAE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED ACID-RAIN; NUTRIENT SOLUTION; GROWTH-RESPONSE; RED SPRUCE; ECTOMYCORRHIZAE; ALLOCATION; INFECTION; EXPOSURES; TOXICITY; DIOXIDE AB Newly germinated pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) seedlings inoculated with a mycorrhizal fungus (Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch) were grown for 13 weeks in sand irrigated with nutrient solution (pH 4.0) containing 0, 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/L aluminum (Al) in growth chambers fumigated with 0, 50, 100, or 200 ppb ozone. Anatomical changes in roots stressed by ozone and Al, singly and in combination, were determined by light and electron microscopy. All ozone concentrations reduced the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization. In contrast, Al increased the percentage of colonization at low concentration, reducing it only at the highest level. Aluminum caused more overall deterioration of root cortex than ozone, though both treatments adversely affected the mycorrhizal fungus. Increased vacuolation in the root meristem was caused by both ozone and Al. Additional effects of ozone on cells in the meristem were the swelling of the nuclear membrane and invaginations in the plasmalemma. Intracellular fungal hyphae were observed at the highest level of ozone and (or) Al. The combined effect of ozone and Al on the anatomy of mycorrhizae was greater (possibly synergistic) than the effect of each pollutant alone. Similar cellular alterations have also been observed in forests damaged by pollution. RP MCQUATTIE, CJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1901 EP 1916 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KG576 UT WOS:A1992KG57600013 ER PT J AU CEULEMANS, R SCARASCIAMUGNOZZA, G WIARD, BM BRAATNE, JH HINCKLEY, TM STETTLER, RF ISEBRANDS, JG HEILMAN, PE AF CEULEMANS, R SCARASCIAMUGNOZZA, G WIARD, BM BRAATNE, JH HINCKLEY, TM STETTLER, RF ISEBRANDS, JG HEILMAN, PE TI PRODUCTION PHYSIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF POPULUS SPECIES AND THEIR HYBRIDS GROWN UNDER SHORT ROTATION .1. CLONAL COMPARISONS OF 4-YEAR GROWTH AND PHENOLOGY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID ESTABLISHMENT YEAR; GENETIC-VARIATION; CONTRASTING MORPHOLOGY; CROWN ARCHITECTURE; TRICHOCARPA; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; BIOMASS; SEASON AB Height and diameter growth, stem volume production, leaf phenology and leaf number, and number of branches of Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray, Populus deltoides Bartr., and their F1 hybrids (P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides) were studied for 4 years in a research plantation in western Washington, United States. Twelve clones (three of each species and six of the hybrids) grew under a short-rotation silviculture regime in monoclonal plots at spacings of 1 x 1 m (10 000 stems/ha). Clones represented a north-south gradient within the geographic distribution of both the two North American poplar species and the parentage of the hybrid material. The results support earlier work by contributing additional evidence for the superiority of the hybrids. However, the relative hybrid superiority in these monoclonal plots was less pronounced than that found earlier in field trials with single-tree plots because of heightened intraclonal competition. After 4 years, mean estimated stem volume of the hybrids was 1.5 times that of P. trichocarpa and 2.3 times that of P. deltoides. Total tree height of the hybrids was 1.1 times that of P. trichocarpa and 1.3 times that of P. deltoides. Clonal variation was the dominant theme in height and diameter growth, stem volume productivity, time of bud break and bud set, tree mortality, and number of branches. Populus trichocarpa had the highest number of sylleptic branches, P. deltoides had the lowest, and hybrids were intermediate. Significant clone by replicate interactions were observed in height, diameter, and volume growth. Phenological traits, such as the dates of bud break and bud set, and the length of growing period only partly explained the observed differences in growth between the P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides hybrids and the parental species. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. UNIV TUSCIA,DEPT FOREST ENVIRONM & RESOURCES,I-01100 VITERBO,ITALY. UNIV INSTELLING ANTWERP,DEPT BIOL,B-2610 WILRIJK,BELGIUM. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,WESTERN WASHINGTON RES & EXTENS CTR,PUYALLUP,WA 98371. RP CEULEMANS, R (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. RI Hinckley, Thomas/F-9249-2010; Ceulemans, Reinhart/F-2109-2016 OI Hinckley, Thomas/0000-0002-2821-6044; NR 39 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1937 EP 1948 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KG576 UT WOS:A1992KG57600017 ER PT J AU LEARY, RA PHAN, H NIMERFRO, K AF LEARY, RA PHAN, H NIMERFRO, K TI PASCAL RECURRENCE RELATION AND EVEN-AGED-FOREST STAND DYNAMICS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note AB A common method of modelling forest stand dynamics is to use permanent growth plot remeasurements to calibrate a whole-stand growth model expressed as an ordinary differential equation. To obtain an estimate of future conditions, either the differential equation is integrated numerically or, if analytic, the differential equation is solved in closed form. In the latter case, a future condition is obtained simply by evaluating the integral form for the age of interest, subject to appropriate initial conditions. An older method of modelling forest stand dynamics was to use a normal or near-normal yield table as a density standard and calibrate a relative density change equation from permanent plot remeasurements. An estimate of a future stand property could be obtained by iterating from a known initial relative density. In this paper we show that when the relative density change equation has a particular form, the historical method also has a closed form solution, given by a sequence of polynomials with coefficients from successive rows of Pascal's arithmetic triangle. RP LEARY, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1996 EP 1999 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KG576 UT WOS:A1992KG57600024 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, MA KINLAW, CS NEALE, DB AF CAMPBELL, MA KINLAW, CS NEALE, DB TI EXPRESSION OF LUCIFERASE AND BETA-GLUCURONIDASE IN PINUS-RADIATA SUSPENSION CELLS USING ELECTROPORATION AND PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note ID TRANSIENT GENE-EXPRESSION; PICEA-GLAUCA; DOUGLAS-FIR; PLANT-CELLS; PROTOPLASTS; TRANSFORMATION; GYMNOSPERM; MARIANA; SPRUCE; TAEDA AB The reporter gene beta-glucuronidase, under the control of the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus, was introduced into a suspension-cultured cell line of Pinus radiata using electroporation and particle bombardment. Electroporation of suspension-derived protoplasts in the presence of pBI221 resulted in transient beta-glucuronidase activity. Maximum levels of beta-glucuronidase activity were obtained 24 h after electroporation using field strengths of 1000 V/cm but decreased to background levels within 48 h. This decrease corresponded to a drop in protoplast viability and metabolic activity, as determined by fluorescein diacetate staining and chlorophyll fluorescence. Electroporation of P. radiata protoplasts with a plasmid containing a firefly luciferase reporter gene driven by a 35S promoter resulted in expression levels that were 2-3.5 times that of background. Biolistic transfer of a beta-glucuronidase coding sequence driven by a 35S promoter resulted in histochemically detectable beta-glucuronidase activity in P. radiata suspension culture cells. Extracts from P. radiata suspension culture cells containing 800 mug soluble protein inhibited the beta-glucuronidase activity of Escherichia coli extracts by 50%. Aliquots of P. radiata extracts containing less than 100 mug of total soluble protein did not exhibit any inhibitory effect. These studies establish two different methods of gene transfer into a P. radiata cell line and will contribute to our ability to examine a variety of promoter types associated with transcriptional regulation in conifers. RP CAMPBELL, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,INST FOREST GENET,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 12 BP 2014 EP 2018 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KG576 UT WOS:A1992KG57600029 ER PT J AU LUMSDEN, RD RIDOUT, CJ VENDEMIA, ME HARRISON, DJ WATERS, RM WALTER, JF AF LUMSDEN, RD RIDOUT, CJ VENDEMIA, ME HARRISON, DJ WATERS, RM WALTER, JF TI CHARACTERIZATION OF MAJOR SECONDARY METABOLITES PRODUCED IN SOILLESS MIX BY A FORMULATED STRAIN OF THE BIOCONTROL FUNGUS GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTIBIOTIC; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; ANTAGONIST ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; DAMPING-OFF; GLIOTOXIN; VIRIDIOL; SENSITIVITY; TRICHODERMA; GROWTH AB A strain of Gliocladium virens (GL-21 = G-20) formulated in alginate prill was grown for 3 days in a commercial soilless potting medium. Chloroform extractions were separated by thin-layer chromatography and individual bands from G-20 cultures in soilless medium were identified by standards, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance as (i) a mixture of fatty acids, (ii) viridin, (iii) gliotoxin, (iv) dimethylgliotoxin, (v) viridiol, and (vi) a mixture of phenolics including ferulic acid. None of these compounds was detected in the medium not amended with prills of isolate G-20 of G. virens. Other isolates of G. virens, including G-3 and G-9, produced gliovirin and did not produce gliotoxin. Of all the metabolites produced by G-20 in soilless medium, only gliotoxin strongly inhibited germination of sporangia and growth of Pythium ultimum (growth prevention at 1.0 mug/mL), growth of Rhizoctonia solani mycelium (0.5 mug/mL), or germination of sclerotia and growth of Sclerotium rolfsii (50 mug/mL). Viridin was more inhibitory to growth of R. solani (1.0 mug/mL, minimum inhibitory concentration) than to P. ultimum (25 mug/mL) or S. rolfsii (50 mug/mL). Growth of G. virens isolate G-20 was inhibited by 25 mug/mL of viridin but not by 100 mug/mL gliotoxin. In contrast, growth of isolate G-3 was inhibited by 50 mug/mL gliotoxin but not by 100 mug/mL of viridin. Dimethylgliotoxin, fatty acids, and phenolics were not inhibitory to any of the fungi tested. These results suggest that gliotoxin is the major antibiotic metabolite inhibitory to Pythium and Rhizoctonia of this formulated strain of G. virens. This information will be useful for monitoring metabolite production by G. virens, determining optimum gliotoxin production in situ, and improving strain performance for biocontrol of plant pathogens. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. WR GRACE & CO CONN,COLUMBIA,MD 21044. RP LUMSDEN, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 38 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1274 EP 1280 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA KJ165 UT WOS:A1992KJ16500009 ER PT J AU DESHAZO, RD SOTOAGUILAR, MC BANKS, WA AF DESHAZO, RD SOTOAGUILAR, MC BANKS, WA TI A FATALITY FROM AN ATTACK BY IMPORTED FIRE ANTS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV SO ALABAMA,DEPT MED,MOBILE,AL 36688. USDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 4 BP A774 EP A774 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA KE141 UT WOS:A1992KE14100009 ER PT J AU KING, EG POWELL, JE AF KING, EG POWELL, JE TI PROPAGATION AND RELEASE OF NATURAL ENEMIES FOR CONTROL OF COTTON INSECT AND MITE PESTS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE COTTON; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; AUGMENTATION; PREDATORS; PARASITOIDS; PROPAGATION; NATURAL ENEMIES ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES HYMENOPTERA; BOLL-WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; HELIOTHIS LEPIDOPTERA; ARTHROPOD PARASITES; ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NOCTUIDAE; BRACONIDAE; CURCULIONIDAE; IDENTIFICATION AB The state of the art for controlling four primary pests or pest complexes by augmentative releases of predators and parasitoids in the United States is reviewed. The pests are (1) the bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), (2) the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boheman), (3) the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) and (4) plant bugs, specifically Lygus spp. Rearing of the predators and parasitoids and identification and the use of behaviour-modifying chemicals are described and discussed. C1 USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. RP KING, EG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 125 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 11 IS 6 BP 497 EP 506 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(92)90166-3 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JY851 UT WOS:A1992JY85100003 ER PT J AU SMILANICK, JL HENSON, DJ AF SMILANICK, JL HENSON, DJ TI MINIMUM GASEOUS SULFUR-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS AND EXPOSURE PERIODS TO CONTROL BOTRYTIS-CINEREA SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE VITIS-VINIFERA; GRAPES, TABLE; POSTHARVEST STORAGE; GRAY MOLD ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE; TABLE GRAPES; RESIDUES; FUMIGATION; DECAY AB Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Concentrations required to kill the spores and mycelium of Botrytis cinerea and control post-harvest decay of fresh grapes were determined in chamber studies. Effective concentrations and exposure times were simultaneously expressed in a single dosage term, parts per million-hours (p.p.m.-h). This unit is the product of the concentration Of SO2 in parts per million multiplied by the duration of the fumigation in hours. SO2 dosages that killed 99% of the spores (ED99) were 78.3 +/- 22.3 p.p.m.-h at 0-degrees-C and 20.3 +/- 2.0 p.p.m.-h at 20-degrees-C. These values were determined with continuous concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 p.p.m. SO2 at high humidity. The mycelium on the surface of infected berries was injured by dosages of 10 p.p.m.-h and was no longer viable after fumigation with dosages of 50-100 p.p.m.-h at 0-degrees-C. Infection of inoculated berries at 0-degrees-C compared with the controls was 68,47,2 and 0% after dosages of 20, 50, 100 and 200 p.p.m.-h, respectively. Reduction in the percentage infection after spore inoculation of berries required a larger dosage (approximately 100 p.p.m.-h) than that which controlled mycelial growth (approximately 50 p.p.m.-h). For initial fumigation of grapes after harvest, where control of spores on the surface of grapes is required, 100 p.p.m.-h should be sufficient; for subsequent storage fumigations where control of mycelial growth from latent infections is required, 50 p.p.m.-h should be sufficient. Colorimetric dosimeters have been developed to quantify exposures of humans to SO2 rapidly and inexpensively for safety purposes. They consist of a sealed glass tube containing a colour-indicating substrate that reacts with SO2 to produce a coloured product. One end of the tube is opened before use, and the length of the colour change indicates the accumulated dosage in units of p.p.m.-h. They should be placed inside grape packages before fumigation and examined promptly after fumigation. Their accuracy was sufficient for determination of adequacy of SO2 dosages to control decay. RP SMILANICK, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 11 IS 6 BP 535 EP 540 DI 10.1016/0261-2194(92)90171-Z PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA JY851 UT WOS:A1992JY85100008 ER PT J AU KAJIKAWA, H RUSSELL, JB AF KAJIKAWA, H RUSSELL, JB TI THE EFFECT OF IONOPHORES ON PROTON FLUX IN THE RUMINAL BACTERIUM, STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOTIVE FORCE; PH; FLUORESCENCE; CONDUCTANCE; EFFICIENCY; POTASSIUM; GROWTH AB Nonenergized Streptococcus bovis cells, which were washed in potassium-phosphate buffer and incubated in Tris buffer containing 200 mm potassium chloride (pH 6.5), did not take up tetraphenylphosphonium ion (TPP+), but the same cells took up TPP+ when they were incubated in Tris buffer lacking potassium. This result indicated that passive potassium diffusion was creating an electrical potential (DELTAPSI) across the cell membrane. Neither cells took significant amounts of 9-aminoacridine (9-AA), an intracellular pH marker. Cells that were incubated in Tris buffer and treated with carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) took up 9-AA, and this result indicated that this protonophore was facilitating proton influx. The ionophores monensin and lasalocid also caused 9-AA uptake, and it appeared that they were responsible for or responsive to potassium/proton antiport. However, there was also a rapid accumulation of 9-AA when the cells were treated with valinomycin, a potassium uniporter that cannot translocate protons. This latter result indicated that potassium efflux was associated with another avenue of proton influx (e.g., potassium/proton symport). Because cells treated with dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCCD) also exhibited valinomycin-dependent 9-AA uptake, it is unlikely that the F1F0ATPase or ATP formation was responsible for proton flux across the cell membrane. C1 CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 25 IS 6 BP 327 EP 330 DI 10.1007/BF01577229 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JX325 UT WOS:A1992JX32500004 ER PT J AU SINGH, S KOEHLER, B FETT, WF AF SINGH, S KOEHLER, B FETT, WF TI EFFECT OF OSMOLARITY AND DEHYDRATION ON ALGINATE PRODUCTION BY FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; SYRINGAE PATHOVARS; AERUGINOSA; EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES; GENES; POLYSACCHARIDE; TRANSCRIPTION; BIOSYNTHESIS; VIRULENCE; MENDOCINA AB Alginate is produced as an exopolysaccharide by many fluorescent pseudomonads. However, pseudomonads often have a nonmucoid phenotype in standard laboratory media. Growth in the presence of 0.3 M sodium chloride or 3-5% ethanol reportedly can lead to the generation of mucoid variants of nonmucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We wished to determine whether alginate production by other fluorescent pseudomonads is affected by sodium chloride and ethanol. Eight alginate-producing strains of saprophytic and phytopathogenic pseudomonads were grown as broth cultures containing 0-0.7 M sodium chloride or 0-5% ethanol for 24-30 h at 28-degrees or 35-degrees-C. Culture supernatant fluids were subjected to ethanol precipitation, and the amount of alginate present was estimated by measuring the uronic acid content. The presence of sodium chloride and ethanol caused significant stimulation of alginate production by all strains tested except P. viridiflava ATCC13223 and P. fluorescens W4F1080. The optimal concentration of sodium chloride ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 M; that for ethanol ranged from 1 to 3%. Moreover, inclusion of the nonmetabolizable, nonionic solute sorbitol showed a similar stimulation of alginate production. The stimulation of alginate production by high medium osmolarity and dehydration appears to be a trait shared by fluorescent pseudomonads. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. RP SINGH, S (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,HAZLETON CAMPUS,HAZLETON,PA 18201, USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 25 IS 6 BP 335 EP 339 DI 10.1007/BF01577231 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JX325 UT WOS:A1992JX32500006 ER PT J AU RYAN, MG WARING, RH AF RYAN, MG WARING, RH TI MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION AND STAND DEVELOPMENT IN A SUB-ALPINE LODGEPOLE PINE FOREST SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARBON BUDGETS; CARBON METABOLISM; COLORADO, USA; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; PINUS-CONTORTA; SAPWOOD; STEM RESPIRATION; SUB-ALPINE ID SOIL-NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; LEAF-AREA; PLANT RESPIRATION; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEMS; BIOMASS; MODEL; PRODUCTIVITY; TREE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB We examined a chronosequence of subalpine lodgepole pine stands to test the hypothesis that low net primary production in older forest stands is caused by higher maintenance respiration costs of woody tissues. We predicted that respiration of woody tissues (particularly stem sapwood) would be greater in older stands and that the higher maintenance costs would account for observed low wood production. For a unit of ground surface, the carbon flux involved in wood production and associated construction respiration was 210 g-m 2-yr-1 in a 40-yr-old stand, but declined to 46 g.m-2.yr-1 in a 245-yr-old stand. However, maintenance respiration of woody tissues in stems and branches consumed only 61 g.M-2.yr-1 in the 40-yr-old stand and 79 g.M-2.yr-1 in the 245-yr-old stand. The slight, nonsignificant increase in maintenance respiration of woody tissues could not explain the dramatic decline in aboveground wood production in the old-growth stand. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP RYAN, MG (reprint author), ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT RD,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Waring, Richared/C-4796-2014 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Waring, Richared/0000-0003-2533-3664 NR 72 TC 194 Z9 206 U1 1 U2 18 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 1992 VL 73 IS 6 BP 2100 EP 2108 DI 10.2307/1941458 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KB843 UT WOS:A1992KB84300012 ER PT J AU LANDOLT, PJ HEATH, RR CHAMBERS, DL AF LANDOLT, PJ HEATH, RR CHAMBERS, DL TI ORIENTED FLIGHT RESPONSES OF FEMALE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLIES TO CALLING MALES, ODOR OF CALLING MALES, AND A SYNTHETIC PHEROMONE BLEND SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; TEPHRITIDAE; ATTRACTANT; BEHAVIOR; CERATITIS-CAPITATA ID SEX-PHEROMONE; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; FLY DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; IDENTIFICATION; LEPIDOPTERA AB Male Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), produce volatile chemicals thought to be attractive sex pheromones. We demonstrated for the first time that male odor elicits upwind flight and zigzagging upwind flight patterns in mature unmated females. Such flight patterns indicate the mechanisms involved in female location of the pheromone source and arrival at that source. Similar female oriented upwind flight responses occurred with a three component blend comprised of ethyl-(E)-octenoate, geranyl acetate, and E,E-alpha farnesene. These findings clarify the role of male sex pheromone in mate-location strategies in this species and provide new bioassay criteria for evaluating attraction responses to male pheromone and synthetic blends. C1 USDA,APHIS,AMER EMBASSY,GUATEMALA MEDFLY METHODS STN,MIAMI,FL 34024. RP LANDOLT, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 65 IS 3 BP 259 EP 266 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB308 UT WOS:A1992KB30800008 ER PT J AU HORTON, DR HIGBEE, BS UNRUH, TR WESTIGARD, PH AF HORTON, DR HIGBEE, BS UNRUH, TR WESTIGARD, PH TI SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFECTS OF FALL DENSITY AND WEATHER ON OVERWINTERING LOSS OF PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA, PSYLLIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CACOPSYLLA-PYRICOLA; DISPERSAL; SAMPLING ID CACOPSYLLA-PYRICOLA HOMOPTERA; AUTOCORRELATION; POPULATIONS; FENVALERATE; SEASONALITY; RESISTANCE; DIAPAUSE; PROGRAM; BIOLOGY; TRAPS AB Overwintering los of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, in the Yakima area of Washington and the Medford area of Oregon, was estimated as the difference between the peak beat tray count obtained in fall and the peak count obtained the following spring. Thirty five orchards were sampled over 13 yr at Yakima, and 12 orchards were sampled for 10 yr at Medford. Overwintering loss increased linearly with peak fall counts. Loss coefficients were greater-than-or-equal-to 0.90 in three of four regions at Yakima and in all 12 orchards at Medford. Peak spring counts were independent of peak fall counts in three of four regions at Yakima and at 6 of 12 orchards at Medford. At Yakima, peak spring count was positively correlated with November precipitation and negatively correlated with November and january temperature; overwintering loss increased with increasing january temperature and decreased with increasing November precipitation. At Medford, overwintering loss increased with decreasing fall precipitation but, in contrast to Yakima, increased also with decreasing january temperatures. We suggest that wet autumns result in higher overwintering success by causing a reduction in dispersal from pear. Spatial autocorrelation showed that peak counts were more similar among neighboring orchards than between distantly separated orchards for two of six analyses in spring and one of six analyses in fall. Counts were less variable in spring than in fall, consistent with the hypothesis that psylla reallocate among orchards between fall and spring. The claim that orchards with intensive pesticide use in some regions have higher fall counts than less intensively managed orchards was tested for Yakima; no differences in counts were noted in commercial versus organic orchards. Initial pesticide applications in spring at a chemically intensive orchard preceded peak spring counts in a neighboring unsprayed orchard by 4-5 d, resulting in an estimated seasonal peak count that was about four psylla per tray lower than what would occur in the absence of pesticides. Julian day of peak spring counts occurred earlier in the warmer regions of the Yakima valley. Variation between regions in timing of spring peaks was eliminated by expressing timing in degree-days (DD); for the Yakima valley, peak counts occurred at almost-equal-to 80 DD using a lower threshold of 5-degrees-C. RP HORTON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1319 EP 1332 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KD282 UT WOS:A1992KD28200012 ER PT J AU FLINN, PW HAGSTRUM, DW MUIR, WE SUDAYAPPA, K AF FLINN, PW HAGSTRUM, DW MUIR, WE SUDAYAPPA, K TI SPATIAL MODEL FOR SIMULATING CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE AND INSECT POPULATION-DYNAMICS IN STORED GRAIN SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CRYPTOLESTES-FERRUGINEUS; SPATIAL MODEL; STORED PRODUCTS ID MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; COLEOPTERA AB A spatial model describing insect population dynamics in a grain bin was developed by coupling a model of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) with a two-dimensional bin temperature model. In the model, the bin is divided into 16 compartments. The insect model is run separately for each compartment. This allows the insect model to simulate different population growth rates based on each compartment's average daily temperature. Field data for a 351-m3 (10,000 bu) bin located in Cloud County, KS, was used to validate the model. The model predicted grain temperatures accurately for each of the nine compartments, except the center top portion of the grain mass. In this region, observed grain temperatures were 8-degrees-C higher than predicted during December. This may have been caused by convective air movement. In general, the model accurately predicted insect density for most of the bin compartments. However, the model tended to overestimate insect density in the center of the grain mass during the end of the storage period in December. During this period, actual grain temperatures were still optimal for C. ferrugineus growth. Cephalonomia waterstoni (Gahan), a common host-specific parasitoid of C. ferrugineus, may have been responsible for the pest population decrease. RP FLINN, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1351 EP 1356 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KD282 UT WOS:A1992KD28200016 ER PT J AU THOENY, WT TIARKS, AE HAYES, JL BRIDGES, JR AF THOENY, WT TIARKS, AE HAYES, JL BRIDGES, JR TI MARKING THE SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) WITH RUBIDIUM WITHIN LOBLOLLY-PINE FOR DISPERSAL STUDIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; PINUS-TAEDA; ELEMENTAL MARKING ID TRYPODENDRON-LINEATUM OLIVIER; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; BARK BEETLES; INSECTS; FLIGHT; TORTRICIDAE; EMERGENCE; NOCTUIDAE; RECAPTURE AB Studies were conducted to improve techniques for the use of elemental marking in dispersal studies of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. Tissues from host loblolly pines, Pinus taeda L., having diameters at breast height ranging from 15 to 46 cm and the emerging D. frontalis were marked successfully by injection of rubidium (Rb) concentrations based on estimates of bole surface area. A stem-well infusion technique, which is less labor intensive than pressure injections, was found to mark emerging beetles successfully. Use of dimethysulfoxide (DMSO) in RbCl solution did not significantly increase Rb concentration in P. taeda phloem samples or percentage of Rb-marked D. frontalis. Rb was rapidly eliminated by Rb-marked D. frontalis adults when allowed to feed on nonRb-enhanced host tissue, but Rb concentrations remained relatively constant in Rb-marked beetles held without feeding. While this loss of Rb by colonizing D. frontalis would effect use of the elemental labeling technique for subsequent tracking of reemerging adults, it would be relatively unimportant for typical short duration mark-recapture experiments. Rb-marked D. frontalis were successfully recaptured in pheromone-baited traps at distances as far as 1 km from the point of emergence. Recaptures in four cardinal directions indicated a random dispersal pattern. A direct comparison of fluorescent powder and Rb-marking showed both are equally effective. Selection of method will depend on the objectives and experimental design. C1 SO FOREST EXPT STN,2500 SHREVEPORT HIGHWAY,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP HAYES, JL (reprint author), SO FOREST EXPT STN,2500 SHREVEPORT HIGHWAY,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1377 EP 1385 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KD282 UT WOS:A1992KD28200020 ER PT J AU RAULSTON, JR PAIR, SD LOERA, J SPARKS, AN WOLF, WW WESTBROOK, JK FITT, GP ROGERS, CE AF RAULSTON, JR PAIR, SD LOERA, J SPARKS, AN WOLF, WW WESTBROOK, JK FITT, GP ROGERS, CE TI HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) PUPA PRODUCTION IN FRUITING CORN IN NORTHEAST MEXICO AND SOUTH TEXAS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA-ZEA; PUPAE POPULATION ESTIMATES; MIGRATION ID HELIOTHIS AB Populations of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), pupae produced in almost-equal-to 200,000 ha of corn growing in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of northeast Tamaulipas Mexico and south Texas were estimated. Pupae were excavated from two soil samples (1 m2) in 90-120 cornfields each year between 1985 and 1988 following larval development on ear-stage corn. Mean plant populations in the fields ranged from 5.6 per meter of row in 1987 to 6.8 per meter of row in 1986, while ear infestation by H. zea larvae ranged from 76.9% in 1987 to 93.6% in 1986. The total number of corn earworm prepupae, pupae, and exuviae excavated ranged from an average 1.1 insects per square meter in 1987 to 3.8 insects per square meter in 1985. Correlation analysis indicated that only 58% of the variation in the number of corn earworm excavated from the 1-m2 soil samples was correlated with the variation in the number of infested plants per meter of row. Estimates of the number of live pupae produced from 200,000 ha of ear-stage corn in the Lower Rio Grande Valley ranged from 1.48 x 10(9) in 1987 to 7.16 x 10(9) in 1985. The potential for adult H. zea populations emerging from ear-stage corn to affect other crops subsequently is discussed. RP RAULSTON, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,SPA,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,SUBTROP COTTON INSECTS RES UNIT,2413 E HWY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. RI Fitt, Gary/C-5457-2008 NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1393 EP 1397 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KD282 UT WOS:A1992KD28200022 ER PT J AU NIWA, CG SOWER, LL AF NIWA, CG SOWER, LL TI SEX-PHEROMONE CHEMISTRY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN PINE TIP MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTICIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RHYACIONIA-NEOMEXICANA; SEX PHEROMONES; MATING ISOLATION ID TORTRICIDAE; RHYACIONIA; BIOSYNTHESIS; NOCTUIDAE; ACETYLATION; ATTRACTANTS; COMPONENTS; ALCOHOLS AB Chemical analyses and field bioassays were conducted to identify major components of the sex pheromone of the southwestern pine tip moth, Rhyacionia neomexicana (Dyar). E-9-dodecenyl acetate was the most abundant pheromone component in gland washes, with 0.5-1.5 ng per female equivalent. Z-9-dodecenyl acetate, and E and Z-9-dodecenol were also present. A ratio of about 80:20 E:Z-9-dodecenyl acetate was the most attractive bait in field trapping. No males were caught-in traps baited with a blend of E and Z-9-dodecenol, and addition of these alcohols at about a 3:1 acetate/alcohol ratio did not improve attractiveness to E and Z-9-dodecenyl acetate baits. The role of pheromones in mating isolation of Rhyacionia species is discussed. RP NIWA, CG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1410 EP 1413 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KD282 UT WOS:A1992KD28200025 ER PT J AU NEAL, JW TAUBER, MJ TAUBER, CA AF NEAL, JW TAUBER, MJ TAUBER, CA TI PHOTOPERIODIC INDUCTION OF REPRODUCTIVE DIAPAUSE IN CORYTHUCHA-CYDONIAE (HETEROPTERA, TINGIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADULT DIAPAUSE; BUG AB The multivoltine hawthorn lace bug, Corythucha cydoniae (Fitch), undergoes a reproductive diapause from late summer to spring. In the laboratory, the critical photoperiod for diapause induction fell between 13:11 and 14:10 L:D h. High temperature averted diapause in a proportion (almost-equal-to 25%) of the females that were reared under short daylengths; high temperature also appeared to diminish the intensity of diapause in females reared under daylengths near the critical photoperiod. Diapause in this long-day insect expresses several features that are typical of imaginal diapause. For example, the preimaginal stages perceive and respond to diapause-inducing photoperiods, but the adult is the ultimate sensitive stage. Diapause is induced earlier in females that experience short daylengths as fourth and fifth instars than in females that are transferred to short days as adults. Mature females remain sensitive to diapause-inducing photoperiods for at least 2 wk after emergence. Photoperiod also appears to play a role in diapause maintenance. RP NEAL, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT PATHOL,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BLDG 470,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1414 EP 1418 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KD282 UT WOS:A1992KD28200026 ER PT J AU GEDEN, CJ RUTZ, DA MILLER, RW STEINKRAUS, DC AF GEDEN, CJ RUTZ, DA MILLER, RW STEINKRAUS, DC TI SUPPRESSION OF HOUSE-FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) ON NEW-YORK AND MARYLAND DAIRIES USING RELEASES OF MUSCIDIFURAX-RAPTOR (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) IN AN INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT PROGRAM SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MUSCIDIFURAX-RAPTOR; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID MUSCA-DOMESTICA DIPTERA; SPALANGIA-ENDIUS; POULTRY HOUSES; PARASITES HYMENOPTERA; FLY DIPTERA; FARMS; POPULATIONS; MANURE AB Releases of Muscidifurax raptor (Girault & Sanders) were integrated with weekly removal of calf bedding and infrequent use of pyrethrin space sprays for management of house flies, Musca domestica L., on seven dairy farms in New York and Maryland; six other farms were used as controls. Baited traps were used for supplemental outdoor fly control on release farms in Maryland. Parasitoid releases were made by weekly placement of either 25,000 (in New York) or 20,000 (in Maryland) parasitized house fly pupae in screen bags on each farm, resulting in weekly release rates of 12,000 and 9,600 female parasitoids per farm per week, respectively. Overall season-long fly pupal mortality (as measured by sentinel fly pupae) was 65 and 38% on release farms in New York and Maryland, respectively, compared with 30 and 26% on control farms. Overall parasitism was 36 and 18% on release farms in New York and Maryland, respectively, compared with 5 and 3% on control farms. Fly populations on control farms in both states were approximately twice as large as on release farms based on spot card and resting fly counts inside the barns. Producers on control farms in New York made an average of 14.7 insecticide applications (space sprays, baits, and residual premise treatments) for house fly control compared with 2.7 insecticide applications (pyrethrin space sprays) on release farms. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP GEDEN, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 26 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1419 EP 1426 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KD282 UT WOS:A1992KD28200027 ER PT J AU PURCELL, M JOHNSON, MW LEBECK, LM HARA, AH AF PURCELL, M JOHNSON, MW LEBECK, LM HARA, AH TI BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) WITH STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE (RHABDITIDA, STEINERNEMATIDAE) IN CORN USED AS A TRAP CROP SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA-ZEA; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; CORN ID BODDIE LEPIDOPTERA AB The planting of corn borders as a trap crop for the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillet, potentially could cause increased infestation rates of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in adjacent tomatoes. The potential of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser for control of H. zea in corn borders was explored in research conducted both in Oahu and Maui, HI. Field tests were conducted to determine the concentration response of H. zea to S. carpocapsae in Oahu. The most effective of the treatments tested were 4,000 and 40,000 nematodes per milliliter of water, causing 57.6 +/- 5.4 and 74.5 +/- 17.4% mortality, respectively, 6 d after treatment. In corn border trials with tomatoes, treated com had 15 times fewer living H. zea larvae and 97% less damage to com ears than in untreated corn. There was a mean of 0.03 +/- 0.02 living H. zea larva per ear in the treated corn throughout the 9-wk treatment period, versus 0.45 +/- 0.06 larvae per ear in the untreated corn. The mean feeding damage to the corn ears was significantly greater in the untreated corn, at 3.8 +/- 0.25 cm, than the treated ears, at 0.16 +/- 0.02 cm. During the primary period of H. zea infestation (tomato harvests 1-4), the marketable yield of tomatoes with corn borders treated with S. carpocapsae was 18% higher than the untreated corn border treatments. However, the tomato plots with no corn borders had consistently higher yields than those with corn borders throughout the six harvests. C1 UNIV HAWAII,DEPT ENTOMOL,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP PURCELL, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE LAB,POB 1330,KAPAA,HI 96746, USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1441 EP 1447 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KD282 UT WOS:A1992KD28200030 ER PT J AU MCARTHUR, ED FREEMAN, DC LUCKINBILL, LS SANDERSON, SC NOLLER, GL AF MCARTHUR, ED FREEMAN, DC LUCKINBILL, LS SANDERSON, SC NOLLER, GL TI ARE TRIOECY AND SEXUAL LABILITY IN ATRIPLEX-CANESCENS GENETICALLY BASED - EVIDENCE FROM CLONAL STUDIES SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE ATRIPLEX-CANESCENS; CLONES; ENVIRONMENT; GENOTYPE; SEX EXPRESSION; SEXUAL LABILITY; SEXUAL PHENOTYPES; TRIOECY ID EXPRESSION; PLANTS; RATIOS; GENDER; CHOICE; SIZE AB Prior studies have alternatively considered floral Phenotypes in Atriplex canescens as trioecious (having three sexual genders) and/or dioecious and having a ''leaky genetical switch.'' Clones transplanted from three populations and grown in common gardens reveal the existence of two distinctly different genetic controls regulating gender expression. In some clones gender is fixed as male (staminate) or female (pistillate), while in other clones gender varies, ranging from a mixture of mate and female ramets to simultaneous hermaphrodites with various proportions of male and female flowers. For clones which vary their sex expression, variation occurs within irrigation treatments, between treatments and over time, as a consequence of the combined effects of genotype plus environment. The magnitude of sex change is also a product of the interaction of genetics and environment. Some clones have been repeatedly examined for 20 years. C1 WAYNE STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOL SCI, DETROIT, MI 48202 USA. UPPER COLORADO ENVIRONM PLANT CTR, MEEKER, CO 81641 USA. RP MCARTHUR, ED (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, INTERMT RES STN, SHRUB SCI LAB, PROVO, UT 84606 USA. NR 52 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD DEC PY 1992 VL 46 IS 6 BP 1708 EP 1721 DI 10.2307/2410025 PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA KG897 UT WOS:A1992KG89700007 ER PT J AU JAHNGENHODGE, J CYR, D LAXMAN, E TAYLOR, A AF JAHNGENHODGE, J CYR, D LAXMAN, E TAYLOR, A TI UBIQUITIN AND UBIQUITIN CONJUGATES IN HUMAN LENS SO EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HUMAN LENS; UBIQUITIN; LENS PROTEINS ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; PROTEINS; SYSTEM; DEGRADATION; ATP C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR & VIS RES LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 21 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0014-4835 J9 EXP EYE RES JI Exp. Eye Res. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 55 IS 6 BP 897 EP 902 DI 10.1016/0014-4835(92)90016-L PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA KC770 UT WOS:A1992KC77000013 PM 1336733 ER PT J AU AVGUSTIN, G FLINT, HJ WHITEHEAD, TR AF AVGUSTIN, G FLINT, HJ WHITEHEAD, TR TI DISTRIBUTION OF XYLANASE GENES AND ENZYMES AMONG STRAINS OF PREVOTELLA (BACTEROIDES) RUMINICOLA FROM THE RUMEN SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE XYLANASE; PREVOTELLA-RUMINICOLA; BACTEROIDES-RUMINICOLA; RUMEN BACTERIA; CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULASE; HYBRIDIZATION ID BACTERIA; CLONING; ENUMERATION; EXPRESSION; CELLULASE AB The distribution of two xylanase genes was examined by Southern hybridization among 26 strains of the rumen anaerobic bacterium Prevotella (Bacteroides) ruminicola. Hybridization with a xylanase/endoglucanase gene from the type strain 23 was found in six strains while hybridization with a xylanase gene from strain D31d was found in 14 strains. Sequences related to both genes were present, on different restriction fragments, in six strains, whereas no hybridization to either gene was detected in five other strains capable of hydrolysing xylan, or in seven strains that showed little or no xylanase activity. Zymogram analyses of seven xylanolytic strains of P. ruminicola demonstrated interstrain variation in the apparent molecular masses of the major xylanases and carboxymethylcellulases that could be renatured following SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. C1 ROWETT RES INST,GREENBURN RD,BUCKSBURN AB2 9SB,ABERDEEN,SCOTLAND. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP FLINT, HJ (reprint author), ROWETT RES INST,GREENBURN RD,BUCKSBURN AB2 9SB,ABERDEEN,SCOTLAND. RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 99 IS 2-3 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05556.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KD035 UT WOS:A1992KD03500006 ER PT J AU FETT, WF WIJEY, C LIFSON, ER AF FETT, WF WIJEY, C LIFSON, ER TI OCCURRENCE OF ALGINATE GENE-SEQUENCES AMONG MEMBERS OF THE PSEUDOMONAD RIBOSOMAL-RNA HOMOLOGY GROUPS-I-IV SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ALGINATE; ALGINATE GENE; SOUTHERN HYBRIDIZATION; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA ID ACIDIC EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE; COMB-NOV; AERUGINOSA; POLYSACCHARIDES; BIOSYNTHESIS; MENDOCINA; STRAINS AB Total genomic DNA of 13 pseudomonads representing rRNA homology groups I-IV were screened for sequences homologous to four Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate (alg) genes by Southern hybridization. Biotinylated probes for three structural genes (algA, algC and algD) and one regulatory gcne (algR1) were prepared. Genomic DNA of strains representing group I (P. syringae pv. glycinea, P. viridiflava and P. corrugata) hybridized with all four gene probes. Hybridizing fragments were of differing sizes, indicating that evolutionary divergence among group I members has occurred. P. corrugata has not been reported to synthesize alginate. Genomic DNA from representatives of groups II-IV gave no or very weak hybridization with the probes except for algC. This study indicates that the ability to produce alginic acid as an exopolysaccharide among the pseudomonads is restricted to members of rRNA homology group I in agreement with earlier physiological studies. C1 BUCKS CTY COMMUNITY COLL,DEPT SCI & TECHNOL,NEWTOWN,PA 18940. RP FETT, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,SCI RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 99 IS 2-3 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1016/0378-1097(92)90017-I PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KD035 UT WOS:A1992KD03500008 PM 1283378 ER PT J AU BUCKINGHAM, GR AF BUCKINGHAM, GR TI ROLE OF QUARANTINE FACILITIES IN BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON IMPORTANT ARTHROPOD PESTS OF THE CARIBBEAN BASIN AMENABLE TO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL : HOMOPTERA, COLEOPTERA, LEPIDOPTERA CY APR 08-10, 1991 CL ORLANDO, FL SP CARIBBEAN BASIN ADM GRP AB Quarantine facilities play an important role in classical biological control programs. Imported natural enemies can be identified, cleaned of diseases and hyperparasites, and studied in a secure quarantine facility without risk to the environment. Personnel at the facilities advise other researchers about regulations and techniques for importation, document results of the importations through shipment record forms, annual reports, and voucher specimens, and conduct research on biologies and host ranges of natural enemies. Not only does the quarantine facility help allay the fears of the public about the dangers of importing foreign organisms, it also protects the researcher from blame for accidental introductions not associated with the researcher's project. RP BUCKINGHAM, GR (reprint author), FLORIDA BIOL CONTROL LAB,USDA ARS,POB 147100,GAINESVILLE,FL 32614, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 75 IS 4 BP 414 EP 420 DI 10.2307/3496122 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KH681 UT WOS:A1992KH68100004 ER PT J AU IGNOFFO, CM AF IGNOFFO, CM TI ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS AFFECTING PERSISTENCE OF ENTOMOPATHOGENS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON IMPORTANT ARTHROPOD PESTS OF THE CARIBBEAN BASIN AMENABLE TO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL : HOMOPTERA, COLEOPTERA, LEPIDOPTERA CY APR 08-10, 1991 CL ORLANDO, FL SP CARIBBEAN BASIN ADM GRP ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; PROTECTANTS; STABILITY; FOLIAGE AB This symposium review will focus on the impact of environmental factors (primarily sunlight, temperature, humidity-water) on the field persistence of selected representative species of entomopathogens (bacteria, fungi, protozoans, viruses). Sunlight is probably the most destructive environmental factor affecting the persistence of entomopathogens and commercial microbial pesticides. Temperatures prevalent in most agro-ecosystems (ca. 10 to 40-degrees-C) generally do not adversely affect entomopathogens. Effects at temperature extremes, however, might be obtained when the entomopathogens are stressed by other factors (e.g., light, water, chemicals). The effect of humidity or water on entomopathogens also is difficult to separate from its combination with other environmental factors. Humidity or water per se generally does not directly affect the activity or viability of viral or bacterial entomopathogens, respectively. In contrast, lack of moisture reduces the infectivity of many protozoan spores and moisture generally is a primary requirement for germination of conidia and survival of entomopathogenic fungi. RP IGNOFFO, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 59 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 15 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 75 IS 4 BP 516 EP 525 DI 10.2307/3496133 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KH681 UT WOS:A1992KH68100015 ER PT J AU SCHROEDER, WJ AF SCHROEDER, WJ TI ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES FOR CONTROL OF ROOT WEEVILS OF CITRUS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON IMPORTANT ARTHROPOD PESTS OF THE CARIBBEAN BASIN AMENABLE TO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL : HOMOPTERA, COLEOPTERA, LEPIDOPTERA CY APR 08-10, 1991 CL ORLANDO, FL SP CARIBBEAN BASIN ADM GRP ID DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; RHABDITIDA; FLORIDA; SOIL AB The entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae (All strain), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HP-88 strain), H. bacteriophora (Florida strain), applied to the soil of a citrus grove near Lake Jem, Florida in March 1989, significantly reduced adult emergence of the root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.). The total number of weevils captured in 160 traps from April 1989 through May 1990 was 833. Weevil emergence was reduced 70% compared with the check in May, June, and September (1989) and March and April 1990. There was no difference between nematode treatments. Efficacy trials conducted in a grove in Fort Pierce, Florida, for control of the citrus root weevil, Pachnaeus opalus and P. litus, gave similar results. A study to determine seasonal variation of a native heterorhabditd population in a grove adjacent to the Lake Jem grove was inconclusive. RP SCHROEDER, WJ (reprint author), USDA,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 75 IS 4 BP 563 EP 567 DI 10.2307/3496138 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KH681 UT WOS:A1992KH68100020 ER PT J AU WHITING, RC CYGNAROWICZPROVOST, M AF WHITING, RC CYGNAROWICZPROVOST, M TI A QUANTITATIVE MODEL FOR BACTERIAL-GROWTH AND DECLINE SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREDICTING MICROBIAL-GROWTH; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; WATER ACTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; PH; ATMOSPHERE; RESPONSES; NITRITE RP WHITING, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 27 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 9 IS 4 BP 269 EP 277 DI 10.1016/0740-0020(92)80036-4 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA KB815 UT WOS:A1992KB81500001 ER PT J AU BUCHANAN, RL SHULTZ, FJ GOLDEN, MH BAGI, K MARMER, B AF BUCHANAN, RL SHULTZ, FJ GOLDEN, MH BAGI, K MARMER, B TI FEASIBILITY OF USING MICROBIOLOGICAL INDICATOR ASSAYS TO DETECT TEMPERATURE ABUSE IN REFRIGERATED MEAT, POULTRY, AND SEAFOOD PRODUCTS SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article RP BUCHANAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 9 IS 4 BP 279 EP 301 DI 10.1016/0740-0020(92)80037-5 PG 23 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA KB815 UT WOS:A1992KB81500002 ER PT J AU HILLEBRAND, JJ ERNST, RL STOUT, SL FAIRWEATHER, SE AF HILLEBRAND, JJ ERNST, RL STOUT, SL FAIRWEATHER, SE TI USING RELATIVE DIAMETER TO IMPROVE DENSITY MEASURES IN ALLEGHENY HARDWOOD STANDS SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Relative measurements of density in even-aged stands of mixed hardwoods have proven more useful for assessing crowding than absolute measures. Species composition and average tree size often result in large differences in absolute measures of density such as numbers of trees per acre or basal area per acre. The measure currently used for Allegheny hardwood stands assesses relative density by summing the growing space of all trees as a function of their species and diameter. The relative density calculated by this measure is well correlated with net basal-area growth in unthinned stands and stands that have been silviculturally thinned, predominantly from below. But in stands that have been thinned to alter stand structure, the correlation with net basal-area growth in poor. We tested several measures of relative density that included a term for relative diameter. Equations of this type give measures of density that are as highly correlated with net stand growth as the current measure in stands that have been silviculturally thinned. But in stands that have been thinned in ways that alter stand structure, the new measures are more highly correlated with net stand growth. The new model requires knowledge of the average stand diameter before thinning. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,UNIV PK,PA 16802. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,WARREN,PA 16365. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 55 IS 1-4 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90102-F PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KG447 UT WOS:A1992KG44700016 ER PT J AU TRYON, EH LANASA, M TOWNSEND, EC AF TRYON, EH LANASA, M TOWNSEND, EC TI RADIAL GROWTH-RESPONSE OF UNDERSTORY SUGAR MAPLE (ACER-SACCHARUM MARSH) SURROUNDING OPENINGS SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Understory sugar maple around openings 15 to 75 m in diameter in mature hardwood stands gave a radial response over a 5-year period. Size of opening and distance into the uncut stand from opening edge, especially, affected the increase in diameter growth. The trend of response with distance ranged from a nearly 300% increase near the opening to 12% at 30 m into the stand, with opening sizes grouped, indicating that the openings affected growth more than 30 m into the stand. The interaction, opening size x distance, gave a strong relationship, significant at the 0.005% level because effect of opening size diminished as distance from opening increased. Sunlight intensity and available soil moisture were collected from three new openings, 15, 30, and 45 m in diameter and one new clearcut. Sunlight intensity dropped from about 33% along the opening edge to about 5% at 15 m into the stand. Percentage sunlight was directly related to percentage radial response (significant at 0.01% level) similar to the response relationship. However, no relationships were found for the interaction of available soil moisture with radial response as the moisture data ranged from 10 to 14% throughout the 30 m distance. C1 US FOREST SERV,HIAWATHA NATL FOREST,ESCANABA,MI 49829. W VIRGINIA UNIV,COLL AGR & FORESTRY,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. RP TRYON, EH (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV FORESTRY,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 55 IS 1-4 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(92)90104-H PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KG447 UT WOS:A1992KG44700018 ER PT J AU KING, JW FRANCE, JE SNYDER, JM AF KING, JW FRANCE, JE SNYDER, JM TI ONLINE SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION-SUPERCRITICAL FLUID REACTION-CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF THE FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION OF OILSEEDS SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; COUPLED SFE-GC; CARBON-DIOXIDE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ENVIRONMENTAL SOLIDS; OXIDATION; PRODUCTS; OIL; CO2 AB The versatility of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) directly coupled with gas chromatography (GC) is further expanded by the addition of an on-line derivatization technique that is performed under supercritical fluid conditions. The integrated extraction and derivatization technique has been applied to the determination of the fatty acid composition of oilseeds. Triglycerides are extracted from seed samples using SC-CO2 and transesterified to methyl esters, in situ, over a solid catalyst. Experimental conditions were selected such that the methyl esters are preferentially eluted from the catalyst. A linear capillary restrictor was used to deposit the effluent from the supercritical fluid extractor/reactor onto a retention gap precolumn in the GC. Applications of the on-line SFE-SFR-GC technique include the analysis of single soybean, evening primrose, and peanut seeds. RP KING, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 344 IS 10-11 BP 474 EP 478 DI 10.1007/BF00323746 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KF613 UT WOS:A1992KF61300010 ER PT J AU AKKAYA, MS BHAGWAT, AA CREGAN, PB AF AKKAYA, MS BHAGWAT, AA CREGAN, PB TI LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS OF SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT DNA IN SOYBEAN SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GENE; AMPLIFICATION; REGIONS; GENOMES; MARKERS; INVITRO AB The objective of this work was to ascertain the presence and degree of simple sequence repeat (SSR) DNA length polymorphism in the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. A search of GenBank revealed no (CA)n or (GT)n SSRs with n greater than 8 in soybean. In contrast, 5 (AT)n and 1(ATT)n SSRs with n ranging from 14 to 27 were detected. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers to regions flanking the six SSR loci were used in PCR amplification of DNA from 43 homozygous soybean genotypes. At three loci, amplification produced one PCR product per genotype and revealed 6, 7 and 8 product length variants (alleles) at the three loci, respectively. F1 hybrids between parents carrying different alleles produced two PCR products identical to the two parents. Codominant segregation of alleles among F2 progeny was demonstrated at each locus. A soybean DNA library was screened for the presence of (CA/GT)n SSRs. Sequencing of positive clones revealed that the longest such SSR was (CA)9. Thus, (CA)n SSRs with n of 15 or more are apparently much less common in soybean than in the human genome. In contrast to humans, (CA)n SSRs will probably not provide an abundant source of genetic markers in soybean. However, the apparent abundance of long (AT)n sequences should allow this SSR to serve as a source of highly polymorphic genetic markers in soybean. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 27 TC 382 Z9 467 U1 1 U2 13 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 1992 VL 132 IS 4 BP 1131 EP 1139 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA JZ832 UT WOS:A1992JZ83200024 PM 1459432 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, SE NARANG, SK COCKBURN, AF SEAWRIGHT, JA GOLDENTHAL, M AF MITCHELL, SE NARANG, SK COCKBURN, AF SEAWRIGHT, JA GOLDENTHAL, M TI MITOCHONDRIAL AND RIBOSOMAL DNA VARIATION AMONG MEMBERS OF THE ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) SPECIES COMPLEX SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE MTDNA; RDNA; ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS; SPECIES COMPLEX; SIBLING SPECIES ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; LABORATORY STRAINS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; POPULATIONS; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; POLYMORPHISM; MOSQUITO; HETEROPLASMY AB The extent of intra- and inter-specific variation in mitochondrial DNA and nuclear ribosomal RNA gene restriction sites was determined for the four sibling species of the Anopheles quadrimaculatus complex. Individual mosquitoes were identified by allozyme analysis according to previously published keys, and the total genomic DNA of these same individuals was then cleaved with restriction enzymes. Restriction maps of mitochondrial DNA, including the positions of variable sites, were constructed for each species. No evidence for interspecific hybridization was found in the populations surveyed. There was little variation in restriction patterns within any given species, but differences occurred among the four. Three restriction enzymes (AvaI, HindIII, and PvuII) yielded species-specific DNA restriction patterns for the mitochondrial DNA, while AvaI and HindIII produced diagnostic patterns for the ribosomal DNA. Thus, restriction patterns were very useful for detecting cryptic species but less appropriate than isozymes for studying genetic structure of populations within species. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,CAMDEN,NJ 08102. RP MITCHELL, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. RI Cockburn, Andrew/B-1354-2009 OI Cockburn, Andrew/0000-0002-1636-9019 NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 1992 VL 35 IS 6 BP 939 EP 950 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA KD500 UT WOS:A1992KD50000006 PM 1473727 ER PT J AU WANG, RRC AF WANG, RRC TI AMPHIDIPLOIDS OF PERENNIAL TRITICEAE .1. SYNTHETIC THINOPYRUM SPECIES AND THEIR HYBRIDS SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE HYBRID; AMPHIDIPLOID; GENOME; ISOZYME; CHROMOSOME PAIRING; TRITICEAE; THINOPYRUM ID PSEUDOROEGNERIA-SPICATA; INTERGENERIC HYBRIDS; TRIBE TRITICEAE; GENOME ANALYSIS; ELONGATUM; BESSARABICUM; VIOLACEUM AB Amphiploids of the hybrid Thinopyrum elongatum (Host) D.R. Dewey (2n = 2x = 14; J(e)J(e)) x Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Love (2n = 2x = 14; SS) were obtained by the colchicine treatment of regenerants from inflorescence culture. Meiotic pairings in the JJSS amphiploids averaged 2.90 I + 4.44 rod II + 7.50 ring II + 0. 14 III + 0.20 IV at metaphase I but had 13.38 ring II + 0.30 IV at diakinesis. This amphidiploid was crossed with that of T. bessarabicum (Savul. & Rayss) A. Love (2n = 2x = 14; J(b)J(b)) x T. elongatum and the latter was also crossed with T. scirpeum (K. Presl) D.R. Dewey (2n = 4x = 28; J(e)J(e)J(e)J(e)) to obtain J(b)J(e)J(e)S and J(e)J(e)J(e)J(b) hybrids, respectively. The former hybrid had a metaphase I pairing pattern of 7.82 I + 4.33 rod II + 2.76 ring II + 1.51 III + 0.35 IV. The latter hybrid had 3.04 1 + 4.05 rod II + 4.31 ring II + 1.26 III + 1.08 IV. These meiotic pairing data are in agreement with the genomic relationships based on the diploid hybrids involving these genomes. Fertility of the hybrid between T. scirpeum and the amphiploid of T. bessarabicum x T. elongatum suggested that their genomes were similar and balanced and that gene flow could occur between the JJ diploids and the JJJJ tetraploid. RP WANG, RRC (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 1992 VL 35 IS 6 BP 951 EP 956 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA KD500 UT WOS:A1992KD50000007 ER PT J AU BURSON, BL AF BURSON, BL TI CYTOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR OF HYBRIDS BETWEEN PASPALUM-URVILLEI AND 2 HEXAPLOID P-DILATATUM BIOTYPES SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS; GENOMES; CHROMOSOME PAIRING; SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS; DALLISGRASS; VASEYGRASS ID DALLISGRASS AB Sexual, tetraploid (2n = 4x = 40) vaseygrass (Paspalum urvillei Steud.) was crossed with two apomictic, hexaploid (2n = 6x = 60) dallisgrass (P. dilatatum Poir.) biotypes (Uruguayan and Uruguaiana) to determine their relationships and the reproductive behavior of the hybrids. One vaseygrass x Uruguayan and two vaseygrass x Uruguaiana hybrids were studied and all had 2n = 5x = 50 chromosomes. The mean pairing meiotic association for the vaseygrass x Uruguayan hybrid was 10.18 I and 19.91 II, and for the two vaseygrass x Uruguaiana hybrids was 10.28 I, 19.82 II, 0.006 III, and 0.01 IV. These findings indicate that the parents of both hybrids have two homologous genomes. Because vaseygrass and Uruguayan dallisgrass have the genome formulas IIJJ and IIJJXX, respectively, their hybrid has the formula IIJJX and the two homologous genomes are the I and J genomes. Likewise, chromosome pairing in the vaseygrass x Uruguaiana hybrids demonstrates that both species have two similar genomes, I and J. The Uruguaiana biotype usually has 8-10 univalents per cell and these result from the failure of some members of the third genome to pair. Thus the Uruguaiana biotype has different forms of the X genome, and its genome formula may be designated as IIJJXX2. Cytologically all three hybrids were facultative apomicts but their uniform F2 progeny indicates that only the apomictic embryo sacs are functional. Seed fertility ranged from 10.8 to 16.2%. RP BURSON, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 1992 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1002 EP 1006 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA KD500 UT WOS:A1992KD50000015 ER PT J AU DAHLEEN, LS JOPPA, LR AF DAHLEEN, LS JOPPA, LR TI HYBRIDIZATION AND TISSUE-CULTURE OF HORDEUM-VULGARE X ELYMUS-CANADENSIS SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE SOMACLONAL VARIATION; INTERGENERIC HYBRIDIZATION; CANADA WILD RYE ID PLANT-REGENERATION; CALLUS; BARLEY; HYBRIDS; IMPROVEMENT; PROPAGATION; GRASSES; INVITRO AB Canada wild rye (CWR, Elymus canadensis L.) is winter hardy, drought tolerant, and resistant to barley yellow dwarf virus. Crosses between CWR and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) produce sterile F1 hybrids. The objectives of this study were to compare callus and regeneration response with different media, to assess the effectiveness of in vitro colchicine treatment, and to determine whether chromosome changes occurred in regenerated plants. 'Betzes' barley was crossed with CWR and hybrid plants were recovered using embryo rescue. Immature inflorescences of the hybrids were placed on Gamborg's B5 medium supplemented with two levels of sucrose and two levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) to initiate callus growth. Media were solidified with either agar or gellum gum. Beginning at 8 weeks, a portion of the calli was placed on medium containing 20 mg/L colchicine for 10 days to double the chromosome number. Callus initiation was significantly greater with media containing gellum gum than with agar and with 5 mg/L 2,4-D than with 20 mg/L 2,4-D. Plantlet regeneration response to media paralleled the callus response. Chromosome counts of 1864 regenerants showed that 12% had chromosome numbers other than the expected 2n = 21. Chromosome numbers in regenerants ranged from 7 to 44. There was no benefit to using colchicine in the media. Evidence of chromosome recombination was observed. A backcrossing program to barley was initiated using all regenerants, while concentrating on plants with 2n = 42, which had some restored female fertility. RP DAHLEEN, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,POB 5677,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 1992 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1045 EP 1049 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA KD500 UT WOS:A1992KD50000022 ER PT J AU PENDLETON, RL WAGSTAFF, FJ WELCH, BL AF PENDLETON, RL WAGSTAFF, FJ WELCH, BL TI WINTER NUTRIENT CONTENT AND DEER USE OF GAMBEL OAK TWIGS IN NORTH CENTRAL UTAH SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE QUERCUS-GAMBELII; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; NUTRIENTS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; UTILIZATION; BROWSE; WINTER AB We examined winter nutritional quality of current-year bud and stem tissues from burned and unburned stands of Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii Nutt.). Nutritional analyses were based on the amount of forage consumed by wintering mule deer. Deer use along the Utah Valley foothills averaged 6.25-10.7 cm of current-year growth. Of the tissues examined, post-fire bud tissue had the highest nutrient content, with a mean of 9.51% crude protein, 0.19% phosphorus, and 34.0% in vitro digestibility. Composite values (bud + stem) for unburned stands were slightly higher in crude protein and phosphorus and lower in digestibility than those reported in previous studies. Nutrient values from burned stands were significantly higher than those of unburned stands for all three measures. Tannin content of the burned-area regrowth was also higher. Overall forage value of Gambel oak to wintering mule deer is relatively low. RP PENDLETON, RL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,SHRUB SCI LAB,735 N 500 E,PROVO,UT 84606, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 52 IS 4 BP 293 EP 299 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KG350 UT WOS:A1992KG35000001 ER PT J AU YOUNG, JA PALMQUIST, DE AF YOUNG, JA PALMQUIST, DE TI PLANT-AGE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS IN BLACK SAGEBRUSH (ARTEMISIA-NOVA) - EFFECTS ON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE BIOMASS; SHRUB SUCCESSION; DESERT SOIL FORMATION; SOIL NITRATE; BLACK SAGEBRUSH; ARTEMISIA-NOVA AB The demography of black sagebrush (Artemisia nova Nelson) was investigated in the Buckskin Mountains of western Nevada to determine patterns of stand renewal in sagebrush communities currently free from wildfires. Biomass sampling was conducted to develop growth classes that reflected apparent age of the shrubs. The density of black sagebrush plants was twice that of basin big sagebrush (A. tridentata ssp. tridentata Nutt.) in adjacent communities on contrasting soils (2.2 versus 1.1 plants per m2). Black sagebrush accumulated only 75% as much woody biomass, current annual growth (CAG), and leaf weight of black sagebrush plants. Apparent age classes were developed both for the black sagebrush plants and the sub-canopy mounds on which they grew. Discriminant analysis was used to test this classification system. Plant succession, apparently controlled by nitrate content of the surface soil, appeared to eliminate the successful establishment of black sagebrush seedlings on the mounds. After the shrubs die, the mounds eventually deflate. We propose that mound reform around shrub seedlings; but because seedling establishment is so rare in these communities, this could not be verified. RP YOUNG, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,920 VALLEY RD,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 52 IS 4 BP 313 EP 320 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KG350 UT WOS:A1992KG35000004 ER PT J AU WOZNIAK, GD BABULA, RA AF WOZNIAK, GD BABULA, RA TI DYNAMIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG REGIONAL AND NATIONWIDE MANUFACTURING SO GROWTH AND CHANGE LA English DT Article ID AUTOREGRESSIVE TIME-SERIES; UNIT-ROOT; DETERMINANTS; INTEGRATION; VARIABLES; GROWTH; MONEY AB The purpose of this paper is to examine how regional manufacturing responds to a decline in manufacturing activity nationwide. A trivariate VAR model of the relationships between the Federal Reserve Board's Industrial Production Index for manufacturing, and two regional manufacturing output indexes is estimated. The regions considered correspond to the Fifth and the Seventh Federal Reserve Districts. A negative shock in the national index is imposed on the system to demonstrate the following: durations and general patterns of the impulse responses; severity of the responses in the two patterns; reaction times; and interregional differences in response patterns. The findings indicate that the response patterns generally differ between the regions. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. RP WOZNIAK, GD (reprint author), UNIV TULSA,ECON,TULSA,OK 74135, USA. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02148-5023 SN 0017-4815 J9 GROWTH CHANGE JI Growth Change PD WIN PY 1992 VL 23 IS 1 BP 16 EP 36 DI 10.1111/j.1468-2257.1992.tb00570.x PG 21 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA HP369 UT WOS:A1992HP36900002 ER PT J AU MCGUIRE, RG AF MCGUIRE, RG TI REPORTING OF OBJECTIVE COLOR MEASUREMENTS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article RP MCGUIRE, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 5 TC 1158 Z9 1284 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1992 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1254 EP 1255 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KL028 UT WOS:A1992KL02800002 ER PT J AU HARTSELL, PL HARRIS, CM VAIL, PV TEBBETS, JC HARVEY, JM YOKOYAMA, VY HINSCH, RT AF HARTSELL, PL HARRIS, CM VAIL, PV TEBBETS, JC HARVEY, JM YOKOYAMA, VY HINSCH, RT TI TOXIC EFFECTS AND RESIDUES IN 6 NECTARINE CULTIVARS FOLLOWING METHYL-BROMIDE QUARANTINE TREATMENT SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PRUNUS-PERSICA; CYDIA-POMONELLA; FIRMNESS ID CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; FUMIGATION; TORTRICIDAE; FRUITS AB Residues and the toxic effects of methyl bromide (MB) were determined in fumigation tests with six cultivars of nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. var. nectarina (Ait.) Maxim.]. 'Fantasia', 'Firebrite', and 'Summer Grand' were treated in wooden field bins in a commercial facility, whereas 'May Fire', 'May Glo', and 'May Diamond' were fumigated in smaller fiberglass chambers. The treatment of 48 g MB/m3 for 2 hours at 21C and normal atmospheric pressure with a load factor of 50% (179 kg.m-3) was that proposed for quarantine eradication of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.). The appearance of the fruit, as well as the soluble solids content, were not affected by the MB fumigation; however, ripening of 'May Grand'and 'Firebrite' was delayed slightly. Sorption of MB was 55%. Desorption rates of organic bromide were not significantly different among the six treated cultivars; all fruits contained <0.001 mug.g-1 after 7 days of storage at 2.5C. Inorganic bromide residues in all treated fruits were <8.0 mug.g-1. RP HARTSELL, PL (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1992 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1286 EP 1288 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KL028 UT WOS:A1992KL02800014 ER PT J AU HINSCH, RT HARRIS, CM HARTSELL, PL TEBBETS, JC AF HINSCH, RT HARRIS, CM HARTSELL, PL TEBBETS, JC TI FRESH NECTARINE QUALITY AND METHYL-BROMIDE RESIDUES AFTER IN-PACKAGE QUARANTINE TREATMENTS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EXPORT; PRUNUS-PERSICA; FUMIGATION ID CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; FUMIGATION; TORTRICIDAE; FRUITS AB California nectarines [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. var. nectarina (Ait) Maxim.] packed in single-layer corrugated fiberboard boxes were fumigated with methyl bromide (MB) at a rate of 48 g.m-3 for 21 hours at 21C and normal atmospheric pressure and a 50% load (v/v) as a quarantine treatment for codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.). When the boxes were loosely stacked with spaces between them or tightly stacked and forced-air fumigated, concentration multiplied by time (C x T) relationships were > 68 g.m-3.h-1, which is recommended for efficacy. Tightly stacked boxes that were not forced-air fumigated had C x T products <68 g.m-3.h-1. Organic bromide residues were <0.001 mug.g-1 and inorganic bromide residues were <7.0 mug.g-1 after 3 days. A trace to slightly phytotoxic response was observed in 'Summer Grand' and 'Fantasia' nectarines in 1989 but not in 1990. RP HINSCH, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1992 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1288 EP 1291 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KL028 UT WOS:A1992KL02800015 ER PT J AU FERY, RL DUKES, PD AF FERY, RL DUKES, PD TI CAROLINA CROWDER SOUTHERNPEA SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE COWPEA; VIGNA-UNGUICULATA; VIRUS RESISTANCE; BLACKEYE COWPEA MOSAIC VIRUS; INSECT RESISTANCE; COWPEA CURCULIO; CHALCODERMUS-AENEUS; NEMATODE RESISTANCE; ROOT KNOT; MELOIDOGYNE SPP; DISEASE RESISTANCE; VEGETABLE BREEDING RP FERY, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US VEGETABLE LAB, 2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY, CHARLESTON, SC 29414 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1992 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1335 EP 1337 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KL028 UT WOS:A1992KL02800036 ER PT J AU STAUB, JE PETERSON, CE CRUBAUGH, LK PALMER, MJ AF STAUB, JE PETERSON, CE CRUBAUGH, LK PALMER, MJ TI CUCUMBER POPULATION WI-6383 AND DERIVED INBREDS WI-5098 AND WI-5551 SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE CUCUMIS-SATIVUS; MULTIPLE FRUITING; MULTIPLE DISEASE RESISTANCE; EXOTIC GERMPLASM; VEGETABLE BREEDING RP STAUB, JE (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1992 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1340 EP 1341 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KL028 UT WOS:A1992KL02800039 ER PT J AU MAXWELL, RJ PARKS, OW PIOTROWSKI, EG AF MAXWELL, RJ PARKS, OW PIOTROWSKI, EG TI IMPROVED SFE RECOVERY OF TRACE ANALYTES FROM LIVER USING AN INTEGRAL MICROMETERING VALVE - SPE COLUMN HOLDER ASSEMBLY SO HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE SFE; METERING VALVE; SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION (SPE) COLUMN; SORBENT TRAPPING; NITROBENZAMIDE; ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS ID SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION AB A novel integral restrictor-collector has been designed for use with a conventional supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) apparatus. The assembly reduces the path length between a micrometering valve and collector (a solid phase extraction (SPE) column), obviating the need for the complicated tubing and connectors usually associated with such devices. Also described is a heating-block assembly which encases the micrometering valve and provides uniform heating of the valve during extraction. The valve-SPE column assembly was part of a system used to perform the first reported SFE multi-residue drug recovery from fortified liver. Extractions used carbon dioxide pressurized to 690 bar as the supercritical fluid. Flow rates of expanded gas through the SPE columns were 3-4 L/min with concomitant quantitative trapping of the analytes on the sorbent bed. After SFE the three nitrobenzamide antimicrobial drug residues from the liver were eluted from the SPE columns by off-line analysis. The results demonstrated that losses of trace level analytes in tissue may be significantly reduced by including an integral metering valve - collector assembly as part of the SFE apparatus. RP MAXWELL, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 6 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU DR ALFRED HUTHIG VERLAG GMBH PI HEIDELBERG 1 PA POSTFACH 102869, W-69018 HEIDELBERG 1, GERMANY SN 0935-6304 J9 HRC-J HIGH RES CHROM JI HRC-J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 15 IS 12 BP 807 EP 811 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KG059 UT WOS:A1992KG05900006 ER PT J AU NELSON, SO KANDALA, CVK LAWRENCE, KC AF NELSON, SO KANDALA, CVK LAWRENCE, KC TI MOISTURE DETERMINATION IN SINGLE GRAIN KERNELS AND NUTS BY RF IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9TH ANNUAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONF ( IMTC / 92 ) CY MAY 12-14, 1992 CL MEADOWLANDS, NJ SP IEEE ID DC CONDUCTANCE; CORN; PEANUTS AB The moisture contents of single corn and peanut kernels, single in-shell pecan nuts and pecan kernel halves were determined by measurement of the impedance of a small parallel-plate capacitor with the kernel or nut between and in contact with the plates at two frequencies between 1 and 5 MHz. Standard errors of performance ranged from 0.5 to 0.7% moisture, and the method appears useful for practical application. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP NELSON, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1027 EP 1031 DI 10.1109/19.199387 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA KQ207 UT WOS:A1992KQ20700055 ER PT J AU VISSER, ES MCGUIRE, TC PALMER, GH DAVIS, WC SHKAP, V PIPANO, E KNOWLES, DP AF VISSER, ES MCGUIRE, TC PALMER, GH DAVIS, WC SHKAP, V PIPANO, E KNOWLES, DP TI THE ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE MSP5 GENE ENCODES A 19-KILODALTON PROTEIN CONSERVED IN ALL RECOGNIZED ANAPLASMA SPECIES SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; SURFACE; CATTLE; ANTIGEN; SERUM; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNIZATION; COMPILATION; EXPRESSION AB Immunization with Anaplasma marginale outer membranes induced immunity against clinical disease which correlated with antibody titer to outer membrane proteins, including a 19-kDa protein (N. Tebele, T. C. McGuire, and G. H. Palmer, Infect. Immun. 59:3199-3204, 1991). This 19-kDa protein, designated major surface protein 5 (MSP-5), was encoded by a single-copy 633-bp gene. The molecular mass of MSP-5, defined in immunoblots by binding to monoclonal antibody ANAF16C1, was conserved among all recognized species of Anaplasma: A. marginale, A. centrale, and A. ovis. Recombinant MSP-5, which absorbed the antibody reactivity of bovine immune serum to native MSP-5, was recognized by anti-A. marginale and anti-A. centrale immune sera in a competitive inhibition assay with monoclonal antibody ANAF16C1. The presence of antibody to the epitope defined by monoclonal antibody ANAF16C1 in all postinfection sera tested indicates that this epitope is a potential diagnostic antigen for use in identifying persistently infected cattle. C1 USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. ONDERSTEPOORT VET INST,ONDERSTEPOORT 0110,SOUTH AFRICA. KIMRON VET INST,DEPT PATHOL,BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 40 TC 113 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 60 IS 12 BP 5139 EP 5144 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA JZ989 UT WOS:A1992JZ98900025 PM 1280624 ER PT J AU BROGDEN, KA AF BROGDEN, KA TI OVINE PULMONARY SURFACTANT INDUCES KILLING OF PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA, ESCHERICHIA-COLI, AND KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE BY NORMAL SERUM SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ALVEOLAR LINING MATERIAL; LUNG SURFACTANT; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDE; SHEEP; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; MACROPHAGES; MULTOCIDA; LAVAGE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Pulmonary surfactant has been shown to play an increasingly important role in bacterial clearance at the alveolar surface in the lung. This study describes a bactericidal mechanism in which ovine pulmonary surfactant induces killing of Pasteurella haemolytica by normal serum. To demonstrate killing, six bacterial species were incubated first with pulmonary surfactant for 60 min at 37-degrees-C and then with serum for an additional 60 min at 37-degrees-C. P. haemolytica type A1 strains 82-25 and L101, a P. haemolytica type 2 strain, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were susceptible and Pasteurella multocida, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were not susceptible to killing by ovine pulmonary surfactant and normal serum. No bacteria incubated with bovine pulmonary surfactant were killed by normal serum. Although the species origin of pulmonary surfactant was selective, the species origin of serum was not. P. haemolytica incubated with ovine pulmonary surfactant was killed by fetal calf serum, gnotobiotic calf serum, pooled normal sheep serum, pooled normal rabbit serum, and pooled guinea pig serum. Ultrastructurally, killed P. haemolytica suspensions contained dead cells and cells distorted with vacuoles between the cytoplasmic membrane and the cytoplasm. The mechanism of killing did not correlate with concentrations of complement or lysozyme or titers of residual antibody in either the pulmonary surfactant or the serum, and killing was reduced by preincubation of surfactant with P. haemolytica lipopolysaccharide. Preliminary characterization of both surfactant and serum implicate a low-molecular-weight proteinaceous component in the surfactant and serum albumin in the serum. This mechanism may help clear certain gram-negative bacteria from the lungs of sheep as a part of the pulmonary innate defense system. RP BROGDEN, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,RESP DIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 60 IS 12 BP 5182 EP 5189 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA JZ989 UT WOS:A1992JZ98900031 PM 1452351 ER PT J AU CHRISTENSEN, TA LEHMAN, HK TEAL, PEA ITAGAKI, H TUMLINSON, JH HILDEBRAND, JG AF CHRISTENSEN, TA LEHMAN, HK TEAL, PEA ITAGAKI, H TUMLINSON, JH HILDEBRAND, JG TI DIEL CHANGES IN THE PRESENCE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF OCTOPAMINE IN THE FEMALE SEX-PHEROMONE GLANDS OF HELIOTHINE MOTHS SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIEL PERIODICITY; NERVOUS SYSTEM; OCTOPAMINE; PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; PHOTOPERIOD ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; NEURAL REGULATION; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; BRAIN HORMONE; BOMBYX-MORI; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; PBAN AB Recent evidence suggests that the biogenic monoamine octopamine (OA) may be involved in the regulation of female sex-pheromone production in Lepidoptera. A radioenzymatic assay coupled with high performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of OA in the innervated sex-pheromone gland of the com earworm moth Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea. Significantly more OA was found in glands just before the onset of scotophase (ca 320 fmol/gland), compared to levels at mid-photophase or just after the onset of scotophase (ca 160 fmol/gland). Exogenous OA had several actions on pheromone production. H. zea virgin females normally do not produce pheromone during the photophase, but highly significant levels of pheromone were induced by injection of OA into intact, day-2 photophase females. Importantly, this effect was absent in older females that showed increased levels of flight and oviposition activity. A second action of OA was revealed in isolated abdomen preparations from day-2 H. virescens females. Exogenous OA stimulated highly significant increases in pheromone production if abdomens were treated at the onset of scotophase, but not if they were treated in photophase. This critical period for OA action in these reduced preparations coincided with the time when peak levels of OA were present in the pheromone gland tissue. OA is therefore sufficient to induce pheromone production, but its actions in these short-lived insects depend on factors such as age and photoperiod. Diel fluctuations in OA levels in the pheromone gland, together with the observed pheromonotropic actions of this amine, support the hypothesis that OA is involved in the regulation of pheromone production in these insects. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. UNIV ARIZONA,CTR INSECT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP CHRISTENSEN, TA (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DIV NEUROBIOL,ARIZONA RES LABS,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 31 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 22 IS 8 BP 841 EP 849 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(92)90110-Z PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA KC898 UT WOS:A1992KC89800007 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, SB YOUNG, VR FUSS, P HEYMAN, MB FIATARONE, M DALLAL, GE CORTIELLA, J EVANS, WJ AF ROBERTS, SB YOUNG, VR FUSS, P HEYMAN, MB FIATARONE, M DALLAL, GE CORTIELLA, J EVANS, WJ TI WHAT ARE THE DIETARY ENERGY NEEDS OF ELDERLY ADULTS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE ENERGY METABOLISM; OBESITY; BODY COMPOSITION; ELDERLY ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; EXPENDITURE; MEN; HUMANS; REQUIREMENTS; METABOLISM; HEALTH; YOUNG AB The energy requirements of healthy elderly men were investigated by measuring total energy expenditure (TEE), body composition and resting energy expenditure (REE), using (H2O)-H-2-O-18 techniques and indirect calorimetry during ten days when a weight maintaining diet was consumed. Values for TEE/REE (1.75 +/- 0.05, s.e.) were significantly higher than the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for energy in this age group, as were previously reported values for TEE/REE in a group of young men in the same experimental protocol. There was a significant negative association between TEE/REE (a physical activity indicator) and body fat mass. Combining data from the elderly men in this study and the young men studied previously, age and TEE/REE together accounted for 73% of the variation in body fat mass between individuals. These results lend additional weight to the suggestion that the current RDAs for energy may significantly under-estimate usual energy requirements. They also indicate that the low levels of energy expenditure suggested by the RDAs may favour unnecessarily high levels of body fat mass and that increased levels of energy expenditure are desirable. C1 MIT,CLIN RES CTR,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP ROBERTS, SB (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,USDA,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR88]; NIA NIH HHS [AG07388] NR 28 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 16 IS 12 BP 969 EP 976 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA KC072 UT WOS:A1992KC07200004 PM 1335976 ER PT J AU NISPEROSCARRIEDO, MO BALDWIN, EA MOSHONAS, MG SHAW, PE AF NISPEROSCARRIEDO, MO BALDWIN, EA MOSHONAS, MG SHAW, PE TI DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE FLAVOR COMPONENTS, SUGARS, AND ASCORBIC, DEHYDROASCORBIC, AND OTHER ORGANIC-ACIDS IN CALAMONDIN (CITRUS-MITIS BLANCO) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY; VEGETABLES; FRESH; FRUIT AB The volatile flavor components of calamondin juice were determined by a headspace analysis technique. Twenty components including five aldehydes (acetaldehyde, decanal, nonanal, octanal, and perillaldehyde), two esters (geranyl acetate and neryl acetate), five alcohols (ethanol, linalool, methanol, terpinen-4-ol, and alpha-terpineol), and eight hydrocarbons (3-carene, limonene, myrcene, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, tau-terpinene, terpinolene, and valencene) were identified. The levels of these components, except for limonene and myrcene, were determined in the juice. The levels of individual sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) and dehydroascorbic, ascorbic, citric, and malic acids were also given in this study. RP NISPEROSCARRIEDO, MO (reprint author), USDA ARS,US CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,S ATLANTIC AREA,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 12 BP 2464 EP 2466 DI 10.1021/jf00024a025 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KD926 UT WOS:A1992KD92600025 ER PT J AU MUELLER, TC MOORMAN, TB SNIPES, CE AF MUELLER, TC MOORMAN, TB SNIPES, CE TI EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION, SORPTION, AND MICROBIAL BIOMASS ON DEGRADATION OF THE HERBICIDE FLUOMETURON IN SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE SOILS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COTTON GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; METRIBUZIN; DISSIPATION; MODEL AB The variation in adsorption and degradation of fluometuron was determined in soil collected from different depths (0-120 cm) of a Beulah silt loam soil profile. Microbial demethylation was the initial degradation step in both surface and subsurface soils, resulting in accumulations of demethylfluometuron (DMFM). After addition of 1500 ng/g of soil of fluometuron, degradation was adequately described by first-order kinetics. However, these kinetics did not describe degradation after addition of 85 ng/g of soil of [C-14-trifluoromethyl]fluometuron. At this lower concentration, degradation followed a lag period in the subsurface soil. Degradation rates decreased as depth increased, but rates were not correlated with adsorption coefficients (K(d)). Declines in microbial biomass and respiration with depth in the profile contributed to the reduced degradation rates in subsurface zones. Adsorption was primarily a first-order process, with K(d) values positively correlating with soil organic matter content. Approximately 56 % of adsorbed fluometuron was desorbed in a single equilibration step, suggesting that a large fraction of adsorbed fluometuron was available for degradation. If fluometuron moves into subsurface soils, the decreased adsorption and degradation rates observed would increase potential leaching for fluometuron and its metabolites. C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 31 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 40 IS 12 BP 2517 EP 2522 DI 10.1021/jf00024a035 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KD926 UT WOS:A1992KD92600035 ER PT J AU MAKUS, LD GUENTHNER, JF LIN, BH AF MAKUS, LD GUENTHNER, JF LIN, BH TI FACTORS INFLUENCING PRODUCER SUPPORT FOR A STATE MANDATORY SEED LAW - AN EMPIRICAL-ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE GROWER SURVEY; MANDATORY SEED LAW; PROBIT MODEL; SEED POTATOES ID ADOPTION; MODELS AB A probit model identifies characteristics influencing Idaho potato producer support or opposition to a state mandatory certified seed law. Economic self-interest appears to be the most important influencer. Current users of certified seed and growers of certified seed are strong supporters. However, producer attitudes about the impact of seed-borne diseases and effectiveness of certified seed as a control mechanism also are important. Respondent characteristics (gross farm income, potato acreage, and geographic region of the state) seem to be less important influencers. C1 USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP MAKUS, LD (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 17 IS 2 BP 286 EP 293 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA KK660 UT WOS:A1992KK66000006 ER PT J AU BOWERS, DE AF BOWERS, DE TI GAINING ACCESS - CONGRESS AND THE FARM LOBBY, 1919-1981 - HANSEN,JM SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY LA English DT Book Review RP BOWERS, DE (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION AMER HISTORIANS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 112 N BRYAN ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47408 SN 0021-8723 J9 J AM HIST JI J. Am. Hist. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 79 IS 3 BP 1218 EP 1219 DI 10.2307/2080913 PG 2 WC History SC History GA KC313 UT WOS:A1992KC31300126 ER PT J AU KOOHMARAIE, M AF KOOHMARAIE, M TI OVINE SKELETAL-MUSCLE MULTICATALYTIC PROTEINASE COMPLEX (PROTEASOME) - PURIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND COMPARISON OF ITS EFFECTS ON MYOFIBRILS WITH MU-CALPAINS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SKELETAL MUSCLE; PROTEINASES; MULTICATALYTIC PROTEINASE COMPLEX; CALPAIN ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT PROTEINASE; SENSITIVE NEUTRAL ENDOPEPTIDASE; RAT-LIVER; MACROPAIN PROTEASOME; HUMAN-ERYTHROCYTES; PITUITARY; ENZYME; FORMS; PROTEOLYSIS; SPECIFICITY AB The latent form of multicatalytic proteinase complex (MCP) was purified to homogeneity from ovine skeletal muscle. The MCP ran as a single band (M(r) 600,000) on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel (PAGE) and dissociated to a number of subunits (M(r) 21,000 to 31,000) under denaturing and reducing conditions (SDS-PAGE). The proteinase complex was activated reversibly by heating at 60-degrees-C and in the presence of SDS. Maximum activation (18-fold) was observed after 2 min at 60-degrees-C and there was rapid inactivation beyond 2 min, Maximum proteolytic activity (12.8-fold) occurred in the presence of .25 mM SDS and diminished rapidly at higher SDS concentrations. The MCP was maximally active at pH 7.5 to 8.0 and 45-degrees-C using radiolabeled alpha-casein. These and other results (e.g., proteinase inhibitor profiling) indicate that ovine skeletal muscle does indeed contain MCP and that its biochemical properties are the same as MCP isolated from other sources. By using [C-14]-casein as a substrate, the specific activities (milligrams of protein degraded/milligrams of proteinase) for mu-, m-calpain, and MCP were 44.0, 59.7, and 2.0, respectively. Purified ovine myofibrils were incubated with mu-calpain or MCP. Classical effects of calpains, which include degradation of Z-disks, titin, desmin, troponin-T, and troponin-I and removal of alpha-actinin, were observed. However, only troponin-C and myosin light chains-2 and -3 were degraded by MCP. Morphologically, MCP had no detectable effect on myofibrils. Results suggest that MCP is not involved in the initial steps of myofibril disassembly. However, its involvement in the degradation of myofilaments remains to be determined. RP KOOHMARAIE, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 39 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 70 IS 12 BP 3697 EP 3708 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KB974 UT WOS:A1992KB97400006 PM 1474009 ER PT J AU EVOCKCLOVER, CM STEELE, NC CAPERNA, TJ SOLOMON, MB AF EVOCKCLOVER, CM STEELE, NC CAPERNA, TJ SOLOMON, MB TI EFFECTS OF FREQUENCY OF RECOMBINANT PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN ADMINISTRATION ON GROWTH-PERFORMANCE, TISSUE ACCRETION RATES, AND HORMONE AND METABOLITE CONCENTRATIONS IN PIGS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; SOMATOTROPIN; ENERGY INTAKE; FREQUENCY; GROWTH; CARCASS TRAITS ID ENERGY-METABOLISM; DIETARY-PROTEIN; FACTOR-I; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; INSULIN ACTION; GROWING-PIGS; PITUITARY; INTERRELATIONSHIPS; NITROGEN; WEIGHT AB Thirty-two crossbred barrows were used to determine the effects of frequency of administration of equivalent total dosages of recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST) on growth performance, tissue accretion rates, and hormone and metabolite status of pigs. Treatments were control (buffer-injected daily), 60 mug/kg BW daily (4 injections/4 d), 120 mug/kg BW injected every other day (2 injections/4 d), or 240 mug/kg BW given every 4th d (1 injection/4 d). Treatments were initiated at 35 kg BW and continued until each pig had consumed a total of 440 Mcal of DE intake. Pigs were fed a diet that contained 16% CP, 1.2% lysine, and 3.5 Mcal of DE/kg at 85% of calculated ad libitum intake. Feed intake and rpST dose were adjusted at 8-d intervals. The 240 mug/kg BW treatment did not decrease appetite beyond the 15% restriction already imposed in the experimental design. Treatment groups responded to rpST in a frequency-dependent manner. Average daily gain was improved by 10, 23, and 36%, respectively, as injection frequency was increased from 1/4 to 2/4 to 4/4 d. Muscle weights were increased uniformly (15% on average) on a BW basis by all rpST treatments. Carcass (21, 42, and 63%), visceral (43, 65, and 112%), and empty body (22, 43, and 65%) protein accretion rates were increased by rpST treatment in a frequency-dependent fashion, respectively. Lipid accretion also was reduced in carcass and empty body (3 1% on average) by all rpST injection schemes relative to controls; however, visceral lipid accretion was increased by 59% by rpST. Protein utilization efficiency increased linearly by 24, 45, and 65% as the frequency of injection of rpST was increased from 1/4 to 2/4 to 4/4 d. Hormones and metabolites exhibited frequency-related profiles as well. These results suggest that frequency of administration greatly influences the magnitude of responsiveness to rpST and that optimal benefit would be realized by a delivery system that mimicked a daily surge, at minimum, of rpST. RP EVOCKCLOVER, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 70 IS 12 BP 3709 EP 3720 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KB974 UT WOS:A1992KB97400007 PM 1474010 ER PT J AU KLINDT, J BUONOMO, FC YEN, JT AF KLINDT, J BUONOMO, FC YEN, JT TI ADMINISTRATION OF PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN BY SUSTAINED-RELEASE IMPLANT - GROWTH AND ENDOCRINE RESPONSES IN GENETICALLY LEAN AND OBESE BARROWS AND GILTS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENOTYPES; GROWTH; INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR; SEX; SOMATOTROPIN; PIGS ID FACTOR-I; HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS; METABOLIC-CLEARANCE; ENERGY-METABOLISM; STIMULATES GROWTH; HORMONE SECRETION; BODY-COMPOSITION; GROWING-PIGS; IGF-II; SWINE AB Previous studies have documented the effectiveness of porcine somatotropin (pST) administered by daily injection in promoting lean tissue growth in lean and obese pigs and the influence of sex and genotype. The present study examined the accretive responses in pigs of different lines and sexes to a slow release formulation of pST (pST-SR). Implants that deliver 2.0 mg of pST/d were implanted in genetically lean and obese barrows and gilts at 65 +/- .7 kg BW (mean +/- SE). Pigs received no, one, or two implants (i.e., doses of 0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg of pST/d). Pigs (four per line x sex x dose) were housed individually and continuously supplied with fresh water and a 19% CP diet containing 1.08% lysine. Pigs were slaughtered on d 0 (four per line x sex) and at the end of the trial (approximately 42 d after implantation) for estimation of initial composition and calculation of accretion rates. Blood samples were collected at d 0, 7, 14, 28, and 42 to measure endocrine and metabolite responses to pST-SR. Sustained-release pST elevated (P < .05) circulating pST throughout the trial with peak concentrations at d 7. On d 7, serum pST concentrations in the pigs given 2.0 mg of pST-SR per day were 16-fold greater than those in control pigs, and in pigs given 4.0 mg of pST-SR per day pST concentrations were 33-fold greater than in controls. Elevated serum pST resulted in increased (P < .05) serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, insulin, and glucose and in reduced (P < .05) concentrations of urea nitrogen and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-2. Gain was not influenced by pST-SR dose; however, feed consumption was reduced (P < .05) and efficiency of gain was increased (P < .05). Accretion of all body components except cold carcass weight, cecum, and untrimmed Boston butt and ham were changed (P < .05) with pST-SR administration. Heart and stomach were the only components of the carcass and offal whose accretion was not affected by line or sex. Increases in accretion of carcass components (< 75%) induced by sustained-release pST were considerably less than those measured in the organs (liver, 157%; lungs, 748%). The pST-SR treatment resulted in elevated serum concentrations of pST and its mediators and improved efficiency and composition of gain. Thus, pST-SR seems to be an effective method of pST administration; however, the response is influenced by genotype and sex of the treated pig. C1 MONSANTO AGR CO,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. RP KLINDT, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 45 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 70 IS 12 BP 3721 EP 3733 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KB974 UT WOS:A1992KB97400008 PM 1474011 ER PT J AU KAHL, S RUMSEY, TS ELSASSER, TH KOZAK, AS AF KAHL, S RUMSEY, TS ELSASSER, TH KOZAK, AS TI PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS OF THYROID-HORMONE IN STEERS TREATED WITH SYNONEX-S(R) AND 3,5,3'-TRIIODOTHYRONINE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; TRIIODOTHYRONINE; ESTRADIOL; THYROID HORMONES; THYROTROPIN; GROWTH ID THYROID-HORMONE; BEEF STEERS; RAT-LIVER; THYROXINE; TRIIODOTHYRONINE; CATTLE; GROWTH; PROPYLTHIOURACIL; RONNEL; T3 AB This experiment examined the effect of daily administration of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) on plasma profiles of T3, thyroxine (T4), 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3; rT3) and thyrotropin (TSH) in beef steers in which protein accretion was increased by using implants of Synovex-S(R) (SYN). Twenty-four Angus-Hereford steers (302 +/- 16 kg) were individually fed a diet of a corn-based concentrate and silage mixture for 56 d at equal energy intake per steer (ME/unit BW.75). A 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used in which treatments were SYN ear implants (200 mg of progesterone and 20 mg of estradiol benzoate) or no implants and s.c. injections of T3 in polyethylene glycol (2 mug of T3/kg BW every 48 h) or no injections of T3. Blood samples were collected every 2 wk. Plasma T3 concentration during the experimental period was increased in T3-treated steers (3.0 +/- .1 vs 2.2 +/- .1 ng/mL, P < .01) and was decreased in SYN-implanted steers (2.4 +/- .1 vs 2.7 +/- .1 ng/mL, P < .01). Plasma T4 and rT3 concentrations were reduced (22 +/- 4 vs 75 +/- 2 and .04 +/- .01 vs .12 +/- .01 ng/mL, respectively, P < .01) in T3-treated steers. Concurrently, plasma TSH concentration was decreased in T3-treated steers (.37 +/- .01 vs .51 +/- .02 ng/mL, P < .02). Synovex-S increased BW gain (21.0%, P < .01) and protein gain (35.6%, P < .01) compared with that of nonimplanted steers. Body weight gain and protein gain were not affected by treatment with T3. These data indicate that long-term administration of T3 to steers inhibits endogenous thyroid secretion without affecting normal and SYN-stimulated BW gain and protein deposition. The results support the suggestion that the growth-promoting action of SYN in steers is associated with a reduction in peripheral generation of T3 and(or) increased T3 metabolism, although decreased plasma concentration of T3 is not directly involved in the mechanism of SYN action on growth. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 70 IS 12 BP 3844 EP 3850 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KB974 UT WOS:A1992KB97400021 PM 1474023 ER PT J AU REID, RL JUNG, GA PUOLI, JR COXGANSER, JM SCOTT, LL AF REID, RL JUNG, GA PUOLI, JR COXGANSER, JM SCOTT, LL TI NUTRITIVE QUALITY AND PALATABILITY OF SWITCHGRASS HAYS FOR SHEEP - EFFECTS OF CULTIVAR, NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION, AND TIME OF ADAPTATION SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PANICUM-VIRGATUM; NITROGEN; CULTIVAR; ADAPTATION; PALATABILITY; NUTRITIVE VALUE ID VOLUNTARY FEED-INTAKE; SEASON GRASS HAYS; WARM-SEASON; DIFFERING DIGESTIBILITY; INVIVO DIGESTIBILITY; MINERAL UTILIZATION; FORAGE QUALITY; COOL-SEASON; CATTLE; STRAINS AB Feeding and palatability trials were conducted with four cultivars (cv) of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), fertilized at three levels of N (0, 75, or 150 kg of N/ha) in 2 yr. Wether sheep had ad libitum access to chopped hays, and intake, apparent digestibility, particle passage rates, and concentrations of blood metabolites were determined. Palatability was measured with mature sheep in cafeteria trials. Nitrogen fertilization did not affect (P > .05) DM digestibility (DMD) or DMI, but there was a year x N interaction (P < .01) for NDF digestibility. Dry matter digestibility values for combined years and N levels were 56.9, 54.4, 56.6, and 57.9% (P < .01) for Pathfinder, New Jersey 50, Kentucky 1625, and Trailblazer cv, respectively; mean DMI values were 60.4, 60.8, 57.7, and 64.0 g/kg BW.75 (year x cv, P < .01). An apparently greater quality of Trailblazer was masked by weed invasion of N-fertilized stands of this cv in yr 2, with changes in hay composition. Lambs adapted to hay diets with time; mean DMI for cv and N levels combined increased (P < .001) from 50.5 to 71.4 g/kg BW.75 between wk 2 and 3 and wk 10 and 11, with no change in DMD. Intakes of NDF increased from 37.6 to 55.6 g/kg BW.75, an increase of 48%. Marker (Yb) measurements indicated little change in particle passage rates with treatment. There were no major differences in blood composition, apart from increases in blood urea N, as a result of N fertilization. Cafeteria trials showed preference by sheep for Trailblazer and KY 1625 compared with NJ 50 and Pathfinder, with a N x cv interaction (P < .01). Trailblazer was preferred to KY 1625 in a two-choice situation (P < .01). Results show relatively small effects of cv and N fertilization on quality of switchgrass and indicate the need for a lengthy period of adaptation by sheep to the feeding of a warm-season grass. C1 USDA ARS,REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP REID, RL (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV ANIM & VET SCI,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 70 IS 12 BP 3877 EP 3888 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KB974 UT WOS:A1992KB97400025 PM 1335450 ER PT J AU MARTIN, LC BRINKS, JS BOURDON, RM CUNDIFF, LV AF MARTIN, LC BRINKS, JS BOURDON, RM CUNDIFF, LV TI GENETIC-EFFECTS ON BEEF HEIFER PUBERTY AND SUBSEQUENT REPRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; PUBERTY; SCROTUM; GENETICS ID POST-WEANING GROWTH; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; HEREFORD BULLS; SCROTAL CIRCUMFERENCE; ADJUSTMENT FACTORS; SHORTHORN CATTLE; TESTICULAR SIZE; CYCLE-III; TRAITS; HETEROSIS AB Significant genetic variation exists within and between breeds of beef cattle for age at puberty (AP). In general, faster-gaining breed groups of larger mature size reach puberty at a later age than do slower-gaining breed groups of smaller mature size; breeds selected for milk production reach puberty at younger ages than do those breeds not selected for milk production. Heterosis, independent of heterosis effects on weight, influences most measures of puberty in females and scrotal circumference (SC) in males. Crossbred heifers reach puberty at younger ages and heavier weights than their straightbred counterparts. Scrotal circumference has been shown to be an excellent indicator of AP in yearling bulls. Furthermore, a favorable genetic relationship exists between SC in bulls and AP of female offspring. Beef cattle breeders may take a direct approach to breeding for AP and subsequent reproduction by directly selecting for measures of fertility such as SC. However, an indirect approach, involving selection for an array of traits that provide an appropriate "genetic environment" for the expression of fertility (i.e., size, milk production, calving ease) may be preferred. Although seedstock producers axe limited to making change through within-breed selection, commercial producers can take advantage of both within- and between-breed selection as well as crossbreeding to achieve the same goal. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP MARTIN, LC (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ANIM SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 48 TC 79 Z9 85 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 70 IS 12 BP 4006 EP 4017 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KB974 UT WOS:A1992KB97400039 PM 1474037 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, DJ PERRY, RC KIRACOFE, GH BELLOWS, RA STAIGMILLER, RB CORAH, LR AF PATTERSON, DJ PERRY, RC KIRACOFE, GH BELLOWS, RA STAIGMILLER, RB CORAH, LR TI MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS IN HEIFER DEVELOPMENT AND PUBERTY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; HEIFERS; PUBERTY; REPRODUCTION ID POSTWEANING ENERGY MANIPULATION; INDICUS CROSSBRED HEIFERS; MELENGESTROL ACETATE MGA; INDUCED CORPORA-LUTEA; RANGE BEEF-CATTLE; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; GROWTH-RATE; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; ZEBU HEIFERS; BOS-TAURUS AB Management of replacement beef heifers should focus on factors that enhance physiological processes that promote puberty. Age at puberty is important as a production trait when heifers axe bred to calve as 2-yr-olds and in systems that impose restricted breeding periods. Calving by 24 mo of age is necessary to obtain maximum lifetime productivity. Because the reproductive system is the last major organ system to mature, factors that influence puberty are critical. The influence of environment on the sequence of events leading to puberty in the heifer is dictated largely by the nutritional status of the animal and related effects on growth rate and development. Management strategies have been designed to ensure that heifers reach a prebreeding target weight that supports optimum reproductive performance, and consequences of inadequate or excessive development have been evaluated. Those strategies are based on evidence linking postweaning nutritional development with key reproductive events that include age at puberty and first breeding, conception, pregnancy loss, incidence and severity of dystocia, and postpartum interval to estrus. Management alternatives that ultimately affect lifetime productivity and reproductive performance of heifers begin at birth and include decisions that involve growth-promoting implants, creep-feeding, breed type and(or) species, birth date and weaning weight, social interaction, sire selection, and exogenous hormonal treatments to synchronize or induce estrus. Basic and applied future research efforts should converge to match in a realistic manner the production potential of the animal with available resources. Strategies that incorporate consideration of nutrition, genetics, and emerging management techniques will need to be tested to enable producers to make decisions that result in profit. This review evaluates the current status of knowledge relating to management of the replacement beef heifer and serves to stimulate research needed to enhance management techniques to ensure puberty at an optimal age. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT ANIM SCI & IND,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. CALIF STATE UNIV FRESNO,DEPT ANIM SCI & AGR EDUC,FRESNO,CA 93740. USDA,LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES IND,MILES CITY,MT 59301. RP PATTERSON, DJ (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT ANIM SCI,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 188 TC 106 Z9 111 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 70 IS 12 BP 4018 EP 4035 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KB974 UT WOS:A1992KB97400040 PM 1474038 ER PT J AU MILLER, MC PARRESOL, BR AF MILLER, MC PARRESOL, BR TI WINTER INCREASE OF DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS ZIMMERMANN (COL, SCOLYTIDAE) - A PRECURSOR FOR OUTBREAKS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE ENTOMOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE; COLEOPTERA-SCOLYTIDAE; SURVIVAL AB In Louisiana successful attacks, egg densities, brood adult emergence, and survival of southern pine beetle (SPB), Dendroctonus frontalis, from an epidemic period (1984-1986) were compared with endemic period (1960-1971) data from east Texas, Louisiana, and southwest Mississippi. Endemic SPB emergence counts are low and exhibit a right-skewed distribution. Before the start of the Louisiana SPB epidemic in 1985 on the Catahoula Ranger District, Kisatchie National Forest, there was a significant increase in the median counts of emerging adult beetles from July to December 1984. Also emergence counts shifted from a right-skewed distribution to a symmetric distribution. An increase in egg densities was measured from winter 1984 through spring 1985, and higher brood survival was observed during the last 3 months of 1984. Although many infestations were detected in the spring of 1985, the low emergence counts for brood adults showed that reproduction had returned to endemic levels. This phenomenon had not been observed previously because research has concentrated on infestation during summers. Seasonal surveys of population densities may be useful for anticipating SPB activity and timing management plans. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,ROOM T-10210,USPS BLDG,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol.-Z. Angew. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 114 IS 5 BP 520 EP 529 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KD639 UT WOS:A1992KD63900013 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, DE MILLER, DR WANG, YS YENDOL, WG MIERZEJEWSKI, K MCMANUS, ML AF ANDERSON, DE MILLER, DR WANG, YS YENDOL, WG MIERZEJEWSKI, K MCMANUS, ML TI DEPOSITION OF AERIALLY APPLIED BT IN AN OAK FOREST AND ITS PREDICTION WITH THE FSCBG MODEL SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Data are provided from 17 single-swath aerial spray trials that were conducted over a fully leafed, 16-m tall, mixed oak forest. The distribution of cross-swath spray deposits was sampled at the top of the canopy and below the canopy. Micrometeorological conditions were measured above and within the canopy during the spray trials. The USDA Forest Service FSCBG (Forest Service-Cramer-Barry-Grim) model was run to predict the target sampler catch for each trial using forest stand, airplane-application-equipment configuration, and micrometeorological conditions as inputs. Observations showed an average cross-swath deposition of 100 IU cm-2 with large run-to-run variability in deposition patterns, magnitudes, and drift. Eleven percent of the spray material that reached the top of the canopy penetrated through the tree canopy to the forest floor. The FSCBG predictions of the ensemble-averaged deposition were within 17% of the measured deposition at the canopy top and within 8% on the ground beneath the canopy. Run-to-run deposit predictions by FSCBG were considerably less variable than the measured deposits. Individual run predictions were much less accurate than the ensemble-averaged predictions as demonstrated by an average root-mean-square-error (rmse) of 27.9 IU cm-2 at the top of the canopy. Comparisons of the differences between predicted and observed deposits indicated that the model accuracy was sensitive to atmospheric stability conditions. In neutral and stable conditions, a regular pattern of error was indicated by overprediction of the canopy-top deposit at distances from 0 to 20 m downwind from the flight line and underprediction of the deposit both farther downwind than 20 m and upwind of the flight line. In unstable conditions the model generally underpredicted the deposit downwind from the flight line, but showed no regular pattern of error. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,PESTICIDES RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT & ENGN,STORRS,CT 06268. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPTL STN,HAMDEN,CT 06514. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1457 EP 1466 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<1457:DOAABI>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KB863 UT WOS:A1992KB86300008 ER PT J AU FEKETE, A BANTLE, JA HALLING, SM STICH, RW AF FEKETE, A BANTLE, JA HALLING, SM STICH, RW TI AMPLIFICATION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM IN BRUCELLA STRAINS BY USE OF POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION WITH ARBITRARY PRIMERS SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA; GENUS AB DNA heterogeneity among members of the genus Brucella was demonstrated with the arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). Simple, reproducible genomic fingerprints from DNA of 25 different Brucella strains were generated with five arbitrarily chosen primers, alone and in pairs, with the PCR. Reaction conditions were optimized for each primer. Several DNA segments were amplified in each sample with all of the primers. PCR products that are not shared among all strains act as polymorphic markers. Polymorphism was apparent for each primer. The Brucella strains can be distinguished according to the banding patterns of their amplified DNA on agarose gels, and the differences can be diagnostic of specific strains. To determine genetic relatedness among the Brucella strains, similarity coefficients were calculated. Statistical analysis of the similarity coefficients revealed the degrees of relatedness among strains of the genus Brucella. C1 USDA ARS,NADC,AMES,IA 50010. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET PARASITOL MICROBIOL & PUBL HLTH,STILLWATER,OK 74078. SEMMELWEIS UNIV MED,INST BIOPHYS,H-1444 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. OI Stich, Roger/0000-0002-9749-2034 NR 20 TC 93 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 174 IS 23 BP 7778 EP 7783 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JZ841 UT WOS:A1992JZ84100036 PM 1360006 ER PT J AU ODELL, TM XU, CH SCHAEFER, PW LEONHARDT, BA YAO, DF WU, XD AF ODELL, TM XU, CH SCHAEFER, PW LEONHARDT, BA YAO, DF WU, XD TI CAPTURE OF GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR (L), AND LYMANTRIA-MATHURA (L) MALES IN TRAPS BAITED WITH DISPARLURE ENANTIOMERS AND OLEFIN PRECURSOR IN THE PEOPLES-REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; GYPSY MOTH; LYMANTRIA-MATHURA; LEPIDOPTERA; LYMANTRIIDAE; PHEROMONE; DISPARLURE; CIS-7,8-EPOXY-2-METHYOCTA-DECANE AB Pheromone traps baited with (+)-disparlure, cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyocta-decane. captured males of Lymantria dispar, L. monacha, and L. mathura in northeastern People's Republic of China. L. dispar responded to the addition of olefin to (+)-disparlure-baited traps in a negative dose-response manner. Observations on site and seasonal capture of L. dispar and L. mathura are discussed. C1 CHINESE ACAD FORESTRY,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. USDA,ARS,BENEFICIAL INSECTS RES LAB,NEWARK,DE 19713. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST AGR ENVIRONM QUAL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. FOREST INSECT & PEST CONTROL STN,MENGJIAGANG,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP ODELL, TM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,CTR BIOL CONTROL NORTHEASTERN FOREST INSECTS & DIS,HAMDEN,CT 06514, USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2153 EP 2159 DI 10.1007/BF00984942 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KD096 UT WOS:A1992KD09600001 PM 24254863 ER PT J AU MCDONOUGH, LM ALLER, WC KNIGHT, AL AF MCDONOUGH, LM ALLER, WC KNIGHT, AL TI PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMMERCIAL CONTROLLED-RELEASE DISPENSER OF SEX-PHEROMONE FOR CONTROL OF CODLING MOTH (CYDIA-POMONELLA) BY MATING DISRUPTION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SEX PHEROMONE; CODLING MOTH; CYDIA-POMONELLA; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; OLETHREUTINAE; CONTROLLED RELEASE; MATING DISRUPTION; DODECAN-1-OL; TETRADECAN-1-OL; (E,E)-8,10-DODECADIEN-1-OL ID VOLATILE SUBSTANCES; INSECT PHEROMONES; RATES; REEVALUATION; TEMPERATURE; CAPILLARIES; ACETATES; DEVICES AB Performance characteristics of polyethylene tube dispensers containing a mixture of (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (1), dodecan-1-ol (2), and tetradecan-1-ol (3) were evaluated for suitability as a mating disruptant for codling moth control. The rate of loss of pheromone component from a dispenser at any time was found to be described by the equation: -dP/dt = (k1k2 + k(d))P where P is the amount of pheromone component in the dispenser well; t is time; k1 is the ratio of the amount dissolved in the dispenser wall to the amount in the dispenser well; k2 is the ratio of the evaporation rate to the amount dissolved in the dispenser wall; k(d) is the rate constant for chemical decomposition. The evaporation rate, E, of a pheromone component at any time was given by: E = k1k2P For all three components during the first three weeks, k1 decreased from ca. 0.25 to ca. 0. 10 and was approximately constant thereafter. The decrease of k1 with time may have been caused by weather-induced cross-linking of the polyethylene. Over time k2 was constant and was 1.27 +/- 0.26 x 10(-3)/hr for 1, 1.96 +/- 0.33 x 10(-3)/hr for 2, and 0.31 +/- 0.05 x 10(-3)/hr for 3. The k(d) was zero for 2 and 3 and 6.96 x 10(-4) for 1. After 150 days in an orchard in 1991, 95 % of 1 was lost from the dispensers (61 % of the loss was by chemical decomposition and 39% by evaporation). The heat summation units in a Yakima valley orchard during 1991 were 4.7% above the average for the 1980-1991 period, while during 1990 they were the highest for this period (26% above average). After the first three weeks of dispenser aging, the regression line half-lives for 1 for 1990 and 1991 were 31.0 and 35.1 days, respectively. The difference in temperature between 1990 and 1991 did not affect the half-life of 1 very much because so much of the loss was from photochemically induced decomposition. Based on an estimate of the required minimum evaporation rate for mating disruption of 2 mg/ha-hr and a half-life of 35 days for 1, 2345 dispensers/ha would be required for one application per season; 944 dispensers/ha for two applications per season; and 734 dispensers/ ha for three applications per season. If a different emission rate of 1 is required for reliable mating disruption, then the number of dispensers required would be changed proportionately. RP MCDONOUGH, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 12 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2177 EP 2189 DI 10.1007/BF00984945 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KD096 UT WOS:A1992KD09600004 PM 24254866 ER PT J AU KNOWLES, DP KAPPMEYER, LS STILLER, D HENNAGER, SG PERRYMAN, LE AF KNOWLES, DP KAPPMEYER, LS STILLER, D HENNAGER, SG PERRYMAN, LE TI ANTIBODY TO A RECOMBINANT MEROZOITE PROTEIN EPITOPE IDENTIFIES HORSES INFECTED WITH BABESIA-EQUIL SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEGRADATION AB Horses infected with Babesia equi were previously identified by the presence of antibodies reactive with a merozoite surface protein epitope (D. P. Knowles, Jr., L. E. Perryman, L. S. Kappmeyer, and S. G. Hennager. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29:2056-2058, 1991). The antibodies were detected in a competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI ELISA) by using monoclonal antibody 36/133.97, which defines a protein epitope on the merozoite surface. The gene encoding this B. equi merozoite epitope was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant merozoite protein, designated equi merozoite antigen 1 (EMA-1), was evaluated in the CI ELISA. Recombinant EMA-1 bound antibody from the sera of B. equi-infected horses from 18 countries. The antibody response to EMA-1 was then measured in horses experimentally infected with B. equi via transmission by the tick vector Boophilus microplus or by intravenous inoculation. Anti-EMA-1 antibody was detected 7 weeks post-tick exposure and remained, without reexposure to B. equi, for the 33 weeks of the evaluation period. The data indicate that recombinant EMA-1 can be used in the CI ELISA to detect horses infected with B. equi. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP KNOWLES, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 21 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 30 IS 12 BP 3122 EP 3126 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JZ911 UT WOS:A1992JZ91100016 PM 1280648 ER PT J AU POLACHECK, I NAGLER, A OKON, E DRAKOS, P PLASKOWITZ, J KWONCHUNG, KJ AF POLACHECK, I NAGLER, A OKON, E DRAKOS, P PLASKOWITZ, J KWONCHUNG, KJ TI ASPERGILLUS-QUADRILINEATUS, A NEW CAUSATIVE AGENT OF FUNGAL SINUSITIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS-DISEASE; NIDULANS; CHILDHOOD; INFECTION AB Aspergillus quadrilineatus was found to be the etiologic agent of pansinusitis in a patient suffering from acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia and who had undergone allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. A. quadrilineatus was cultured from biopsy specimens of the maxillary sinus, and tissue sections with fungal stains showed a necrotic area containing dichotomously branching septate hyphae, which is morphologically consistent with Aspergillus species. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of surgical debridement, granulocyte transfusions, and intravenous administration of amphotericin B-cholesterol sulfate colloidal dispersion. This is the first report of an infection caused by A. quadrilineatus. C1 NIAID,CLIN INVEST LAB,CLIN MYCOL SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. HADASSAH MED CTR,DEPT CLIN MICROBIOL,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. HADASSAH MED CTR,DEPT BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTAT,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. HADASSAH MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. USDA,SYSTEMAT BOT MYCOL & NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NIAID,CLIN INVEST LAB,CLIN MYCOL SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 30 IS 12 BP 3290 EP 3293 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA JZ911 UT WOS:A1992JZ91100052 PM 1452721 ER PT J AU LINO, M AF LINO, M TI FACTORS AFFECTING BORROWER CHOICE BETWEEN FIXED AND ADJUSTABLE RATE MORTGAGES SO JOURNAL OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS LA English DT Article AB For this study, data were collected from 352 mortgage borrowers to determine whether mortgage decisions are economically rational with regard to the type of mortgage believed to have the higher expected cost, and how various factors affect mortgage choice. For many borrowers, the type of mortgage with actual higher expected cost (based on interest rates and residency expectations) is not the type of mortgage thought to have the higher expected cost. The financial planning aspect of a mortgage choice and the risk factor have a significant influence on this choice, whereas lender constraints and the financial cost aspect do not. These findings suggest that consumer education programs focusing on mortgage choice are needed. RP LINO, M (reprint author), USDA,FAMILY ECON RES GRP,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 114 N MURRAY ST, MADISON, WI 53715 SN 0022-0078 J9 J CONSUM AFF JI J. Consum. Aff. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 26 IS 2 BP 262 EP 273 PG 12 WC Business; Economics SC Business & Economics GA KD140 UT WOS:A1992KD14000004 ER PT J AU BINGHAM, EW GARVER, K POWLEN, D AF BINGHAM, EW GARVER, K POWLEN, D TI PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE IN THE LACTATING BOVINE MAMMARY-GLAND SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ENZYMES; MILK; SECRETION ID INHIBITION; PROTEINS; RAT; MEMBRANE; KINETICS AB Alkaline phosphatase has been purified 1400-fold from homogenates of lactating bovine mammary tissue. The purification procedure included subcellular fractionation, solubilization with butanol, fractionation with acetone, chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose, DEAE cellulose, DEAE-Sephadex, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The enzyme activity was measured with the substrate p-nitrophenylphosphate in three buffers, and the maximum rate occurred at pH 10. For maximum activity, Mg2+ was required. Substrate specificity studies at three pH values indicated that the enzyme had broad specificity. It catalyzed the hydrolysis of aliphatic and aromatic phosphates and pyrophosphates, but the phosphoprotein beta-casein was a poor substrate. Potent inhibitors of the enzyme were levamisole and sulfhydryl reagents (2-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, and cysteine). RP BINGHAM, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 75 IS 12 BP 3394 EP 3401 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78115-6 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA KD942 UT WOS:A1992KD94200014 PM 1474206 ER PT J AU ELZEN, GW LEONARD, BR GRAVES, JB BURRIS, E MICINSKI, S AF ELZEN, GW LEONARD, BR GRAVES, JB BURRIS, E MICINSKI, S TI RESISTANCE TO PYRETHROID, CARBAMATE, AND ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES IN FIELD POPULATIONS OF TOBACCO BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) IN 1990 SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; TOBACCO BUDWORM; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE ID PERMETHRIN RESISTANCE; BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; TOXICITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MISSISSIPPI; INHERITANCE; SYNERGISM; STRAINS; LARVAE AB Responses of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), to several classes of insecticides were determined using four types of laboratory bioassays. Topical application bioassays on third instars showed 13- to 15-fold resistance to cypermethrin, 7- to 12-fold resistance to profenofos, and 7- to 10-fold resistance to sulprofos in strains collected from Louisiana in 1990. A bioassay with neonate larvae showed 139- to 173-fold resistance levels to cypermethrin in the Louisiana strains. An adult vial test showed 9- to 12-fold resistance to cypermethrin. Resistance to pyrethroid, carbonate, and organophosphate insecticides was found in strains from Louisiana and Mississippi using a spray chamber bioassay. Multiple resistance to insecticides has not been reported in H. virescens since the late 1970s. Implications for control of tobacco budworm with currently available insecticides are discussed. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,MACON RIDGE RES STN,AGR CTR,WINNSBORO,LA 71295. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,RED RIVER RES STN,AGR CTR,BOSSIER CITY,LA 71112. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,AGR CTR,NE RES STN,ST JOSEPH,LA 71366. RP ELZEN, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 43 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 2064 EP 2072 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB237 UT WOS:A1992KB23700004 ER PT J AU HARBO, JR AF HARBO, JR TI BREEDING HONEY-BEES (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) FOR MORE RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAE AND PUPAE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APIS-MELLIFERA; VARROA-JACOBSONI; SELECTION ID VARROA-JACOBSONI; APIS-MELLIFERA; HERITABILITY; STAGE AB A shorter development time for the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) would allow the parasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans less time to reproduce and may provide the bee colony with some resistance to the mite. I developed an accurate way to measure development time, measured variance and heritability of development time of honey bees in Baton Rouge, and determined if colonies with rapidly developing workers produced more rapidly developing queens. Newly hatched larvae were obtained by placing combs that contained eggs into an incubator with no adult workers present. After waiting 1-3 h, newly hatched larvae were identifiable because they had no brood food in their cells. These unfed larvae from different colonies were transferred to a single comb and reared in a nurse colony. Workers (n = 180) from 26 different colonies averaged (mean +/- SD) 114.5 +/- 4.3 h for uncapped larval period and 285.4 +/- 5.1 h for the capped period. Heritability +/- SEM was 0.41 +/- 0.15 for the uncapped and 0.61 +/- 0.19 for the capped period. Stocks with rapidly developing workers did not always produce rapidly developing queens (queen-worker regression slope not > 0), so workers must be evaluated rather than queens. These data predict that selective breeding from 10% of the population should reduce the mean capped period of workers by 5 h in a single generation. RP HARBO, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 2125 EP 2130 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB237 UT WOS:A1992KB23700014 ER PT J AU COLLINS, HL CALLCOTT, AM LOCKLEY, TC LADNER, A AF COLLINS, HL CALLCOTT, AM LOCKLEY, TC LADNER, A TI SEASONAL TRENDS IN EFFECTIVENESS OF HYDRAMETHYLNON (AMDRO) AND FENOXYCARB (LOGIC) FOR CONTROL OF RED IMPORTED FIRE ANTS (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; HYDRAMETHYLNON; FENOXYCARB AB Hydramethylnon (AMDRO and fenoxycarb (LOGIC) baits applied monthly (June 1989-May 1990) for control of red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, resulted in seasonal trends in rates of activity and levels of control that were attributable to the time of bait application. Summer (June-August) applications with both hydramethylnon and fenoxycarb resulted in rapid declines in population indices. Control peaked 2-4 mo after application and was maintained for almost-equal-to 11 mo after treatment. Fall applications with fenoxycarb were characterized by a slow, gradual decrease in the population index, attaining a maximum level of control 10 mo after treatment. Hydramethylnon applied in winter provided highly erratic results. Maximum decrease occurred 4 mo after application., with reinfestation beginning 7 mo after application. Spring treatments with both products were similar to summer, except that reinfestation occurred almost-equal-to 6 mo after treatment. Therefore, if rapid population suppression is the main objective of a control effort, applications would be best applied in spring. However, summer and fall treatments generally result in gradual population suppression over a more extended period of time. RP COLLINS, HL (reprint author), USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,PLANT PROTECT & QUARANTINE,IMPORTED FIRE ANT STN,GULFPORT,MS 39501, USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 2131 EP 2137 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB237 UT WOS:A1992KB23700015 ER PT J AU HAMM, JJ SHAPIRO, M AF HAMM, JJ SHAPIRO, M TI INFECTIVITY OF FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS ENHANCED BY A FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENER SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS; TINOPAL LPW ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES; GENOME AB Studies were designed to determine the effect of the optical brightener, Tinopal LPW, on the infectivity of two preparations each of two isolates of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SfMNPV). The viral preparations were diluted in either water or 0.1% Tinopal and applied to the surface of meridic diet without formalin. Three-d-old fall armyworm larvae were held individually on the treated diet for the duration of the assay (8 d). The addition of 0.1% Tinopal to the virus in the bioassay greatly enhanced infectivity of the SfMNPV. LC50s in polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) per cup ranged from 185 to 4,910 when tested in water and from 0.0162 to 3.36 when tested in 0.1% Tinopal. LC90s ranged from 13,800 to 305,000 per cup for virus in water and from 25.4 to 5,720 PIB per cup for virus in 0.1% Tinopal. RP HAMM, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 15 TC 53 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 2149 EP 2152 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB237 UT WOS:A1992KB23700018 ER PT J AU ALLSOPP, PG KLEIN, MG MCCOY, EL AF ALLSOPP, PG KLEIN, MG MCCOY, EL TI EFFECT OF SOIL-MOISTURE AND SOIL TEXTURE ON OVIPOSITION BY JAPANESE-BEETLE AND ROSE-CHAFER (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE POPILLIA-JAPONICA; MACRODACTYLUS-SUBSPINOSUS; SOIL MOISTURE AND TEXTURE ID POPILLIA-JAPONICA COLEOPTERA; SURVIVAL; ADULTS; GRUBS; EGGS AB In choice tests, Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman, laid more eggs the wetter the soil, up to about field capacity. No eggs were laid in soils with less-than-or-equal-to 5% moisture content. Even in nonchoice tests, Japanese beetles laid few eggs in dry soils. In choice tests, Japanese beetles laid more eggs in soils with medium clay contents than other soil textures. In nonchoice tests, Japanese beetles laid similar numbers of eggs into a wide range of soil textures, except fewer eggs were laid into pure sand. In choice tests, rose chafer, Macrodactylus subspinosus (F.), also laid many more eggs in wetter soil than in drier soil. In choice tests, rose chafers showed no preference for oviposition in any of the soil textures tested. These data help explain the patchy distribution of Japanese beetle larvae and of rose chafer adults after dry summers, but do not explain reported occurrences of rose chafer larvae only in sandy soil. C1 USDA ARS,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,APPL TECHNOL RES UNIT,HORT INSECTS RES LAB,WOOSTER,OH 44691. NR 20 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 2194 EP 2200 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB237 UT WOS:A1992KB23700023 ER PT J AU GRODOWITZ, MJ LLOYD, EP MCKIBBEN, GH AF GRODOWITZ, MJ LLOYD, EP MCKIBBEN, GH TI COMPARISON OF FEEDING AND OLFACTORY BEHAVIORS BETWEEN LABORATORY-REARED AND OVERWINTERED NATIVE BOLL-WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS-GRANDIS; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; OLFACTORY BEHAVIOR ID ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS BOH; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; DIETARY NITROGEN; QUALITY AB Major differences in the feeding and olfactory behaviors of laboratory-reared and overwintered native boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, were observed. Both number of feeding punctures and damaged anthers in cotton squares (flower buds) were at least 1.5 times lower for overwintered weevils than for a laboratory-reared strain. However, overwintered females damaged a greater number of anthers with each feeding attempt (>2.5-fold). Similar to what was observed for cotton squares, decreases in the number of feeding punctures for overwintered weevils were also noted for artificial food formulations. Ingestion rates for overwintered weevils were from 1.2- to 2-fold lower for a water extract of cotton squares with and without added sucrose. However, ingestion was significantly higher (>5-fold) for overwintered weevils on a per-puncture basis; i.e., overwintered weevils appeared to ingest higher quantities of water-soluble plant material per feeding attempt. Olfactory behavior also differed significantly; overwintered weevils were 14.4-28.8% more responsive to the volatiles of cotton squares in choice olfactory studies. C1 USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 2201 EP 2210 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB237 UT WOS:A1992KB23700024 ER PT J AU SMITH, CW MCCARTY, JC ALTAMARINO, TP LEGE, KE SCHUSTER, MF PHILLIPS, JR LOPEZ, JD AF SMITH, CW MCCARTY, JC ALTAMARINO, TP LEGE, KE SCHUSTER, MF PHILLIPS, JR LOPEZ, JD TI CONDENSED TANNINS IN COTTON AND BOLLWORM-BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) RESISTANCE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM ID GERMPLASM LINES; ELEVATED LEVELS; TOBACCO BUDWORM; REGISTRATION AB Two morphological characters (glabrousness and nectarilessness) and three allelochemics (gossypol, raimondal, and condensed tannins) have been implicated in host plant resistance of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., to the bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). Thirty-seven germplasm lines of upland cotton having elevated levels of condensed tannins (CT) were developed by and released by the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. These lines contain up to 100% more CT than 'Stoneville 213' or 'Stoneville 112'. Several of these lines were documented to have an intermediate level of resistance to the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Thirteen of these lines were evaluated for yield and fiber properties during 1988 at College Station, TX; for yield and fiber properties with and without artificial infestations of tobacco budworm during 1988 and 1989 at Starkville, MS; and for naturally infested bollworm/budworm damage at Pine Bluff, AR, in 1988 and 1989. The 13 lines were evaluated in several feeding trials with neonate tobacco budworm larvae at Dallas or College Station, TX, from 1987 through 1989. The elevated levels of CT were substantiated during these evaluations, but either the levels were not high enough or CT does not act as a feeding deterrent nor reduce performance of neonate larvae of the bollworm/budworm complex. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,STARKVILLE,MS. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT ENTOMOL,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,USDA ARS,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP SMITH, CW (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 2211 EP 2217 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB237 UT WOS:A1992KB23700025 ER PT J AU DAVEY, RB AHRENS, EH GEORGE, JE AF DAVEY, RB AHRENS, EH GEORGE, JE TI EFFICACY OF CYHALOTHRIN AND LAMBDACYHALOTHRIN AGAINST BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS (ACARI, IXODIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYHALOTHRIN; LAMBDACYHALOTHRIN; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS ID RESISTANCE; COUMAPHOS AB A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of cyhalothrin and lambdacyhalothrin as a whole-body spray and lambdacyhalothrin as a pour-on application on cattle infested with Boophilus microplus (Canestrini). A laboratory bioassay was also done with both spray formulations. Cattle were infested with all parasitic life stages of B. microplus, then treated with 0.007 or 0.01% (AI) concentrations of cyhalothrin as a spray; 0.005, 0.007, or 0.01% (AI) concentrations of lambdacyhalothrin as a spray, or 1% (AI) lambdacyhalothrin as a pour-on. As determined by calculations of the index of reproduction (IR), the 0.007 and 0.01% (AI) cyhalothrin provided 92.4 and 97.3% control, respectively; the 0.005, 0.007, and 0.01% (AI) lambdacyhalothrin provided 92.4, 98.2 (average of two treatments) and 99.3% control, respectively; and the lambdacyhalothrin pour-on treatment provided <50% control. Bioassay results indicated lambdacyhalothrin to be twice as effective as cyhalothrin against B. microplus. C1 USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB,KERRVILLE,TX 78028. RP DAVEY, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,CATTLE FEVER TICK RES LAB,POB 969,MISSION,TX 78572, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 2286 EP 2290 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB237 UT WOS:A1992KB23700037 PM 1464689 ER PT J AU HOGSETTE, JA AF HOGSETTE, JA TI NEW DIETS FOR PRODUCTION OF HOUSE-FLIES AND STABLE FLIES (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) IN THE LABORATORY SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MUSCA-DOMESTICA; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS; LARVAL DIETS AB A diet for rearing the house fly, Musca domestica (L.), was developed from feed constituents available on a year-round basis in Gainesville, FL. The diet, called the Gainesville House Fly Diet, performed as well or better than the Chemical Specialties Manufacturers' Association fly larval medium (CSMA) and can be mixed, bagged, and delivered by a local feed mill within 3 d. By adding pelleted peanut hulls 1:1 by volume, the house fly diet becomes suitable for rearing the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). Use of these diets and the economics involved are discussed further. RP HOGSETTE, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 13 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 29 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 2291 EP 2294 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB237 UT WOS:A1992KB23700038 PM 1464690 ER PT J AU HOGSETTE, JA AF HOGSETTE, JA TI AUTOSEPARATION METHOD FOR HARVESTING HOUSE-FLY (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) PUPAE OF KNOWN AGE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MUSCA-DOMESTICA; PUPAE; KNOWN AGE ID MUSCA-DOMESTICA DIPTERA; SPALANGIA-ENDIUS; FLIES DIPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; PTEROMALIDAE AB Postfeeding larvae of Musca domestica (L.) were allowed to crawl from the larval rearing medium into sand-filled collection containers to pupate. By separating postfeeding larvae and pupae from the sand at predetermined intervals, the approximate time of pupation and the pupal age could be determined. More are postfeeding larvae were collected in fine, wet sand than in coarse, dryer sand. Whether or not the sand was tightly packed into collection containers was unimportant, and fly mortality was not increased by the sand-collection method. Uses for the system and implications of the results are discussed. RP HOGSETTE, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 2295 EP 2297 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB237 UT WOS:A1992KB23700039 ER PT J AU SHARP, JL AF SHARP, JL TI HOT-AIR QUARANTINE TREATMENT FOR MANGO INFESTED WITH CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TEPHRITIDAE; HEATED AIR; QUARANTINE TREATMENT ID FORCED-AIR; IMMERSION; WATER AB A single-stage forced-air quarantine treatment at 48 +/- 0.3-degrees-C was developed to disinfest Florida-grown 'Tommy Atkins' and 'Keitt' mangoes, Mangifera indica L., of Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), eggs and larvae. Treating infested fruits for 30-150 min with 48 +/- 0.3-degrees-C forced air at a 0.75 m3/s mean air flow rate reduced the number of surviving pupae that developed from treated eggs and larvae. Probit analysis of the data estimated that a mean treatment time of 136.7 min was needed to reach 99.9968% (probit 9) mortality when the mean +/- SEM temperature next to the seed surface was 44.5 +/- 0.5-degrees-C. A large-scale confirmatory test resulted in no survivors (based on puparia of normal appearance) when an estimated 106,053 A. suspensa larvae in 7,000 infested mangoes were heated with 48 +/- 0.3-degrees-C forced air at an average 0.75 m3/s air flow mte for 160 or 220 min and the fruit pulp temperatures next to the seeds were 46.1 +/- 0.4 or 46.5 +/-0.2-degrees-C, respectively. RP SHARP, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 2302 EP 2304 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB237 UT WOS:A1992KB23700041 ER PT J AU NIWA, CG OVERHULSER, DL AF NIWA, CG OVERHULSER, DL TI OVIPOSITION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MEGASTIGMUS-SPERMOTROPHUS (HYMENOPTERA, TORYMIDAE) IN UNFERTILIZED DOUGLAS-FIR SEED SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MEGASTIGMUS-SPERMOTROPHUS; OVIPOSITION; DEVELOPMENT ID PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; CONE; ORCHARDS AB An exclusion study was done in Oregon to determine the incidence of Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl in unfertilized Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco, seed. Larvae were detected in seeds of cones, from which pollen was excluded, from all 14 test trees. Damage ranged from 6-79% in unfertilized seeds, compared with 14-72% in control cones. Females were unable to distinguish between fertilized and unfertilized seeds for most or all of their oviposition period. Unfertilized seeds contained sufficient nutrition for larval development and adult emergence. Future evaluations of chalcid effects on seed yields should recognize that some proportion of the seeds infested would have been empty at maturation. RP NIWA, CG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 2323 EP 2328 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB237 UT WOS:A1992KB23700045 ER PT J AU ELLSBURY, MM PEDERSON, GA FAIRBROTHER, TE AF ELLSBURY, MM PEDERSON, GA FAIRBROTHER, TE TI RESISTANCE TO FOLIAR-FEEDING HYPERINE WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) IN CYANOGENIC WHITE CLOVER SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HYPERA-POSTICA; CYANOGENESIS; INSECT RESISTANCE ID TRIFOLIUM-REPENS; CULTIVARS AB We observed variation in feeding damage to white clover, Trifolium repens L., cultivars by larvae of alfalfa weevils, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal). A cyanogenic cultivar, 'Louisiana S-1', was least damaged among eight cultivars rated visually for weevil feeding in naturally infested plots. Variation in leaf damage also was observed among 104 white clover plant introductions and cultivars rated for number of leaves showing insect damage in field plantings. Larvae of alfalfa weevils and adults of clover head weevils, Hypera meles (F.), exhibited preference for leaflets from acyanogenic genotypes offered in free-choice feeding tests; 'Louisiana S-1' was used as a cyanogenic check. Alfalfa weevil larvae also preferred acyanogenic leaflets from 'Regal' white clover compared with leaflets from cyanogenic plants selected from Brown Loam Synthetic No. 2 germplasm. Alfalfa weevils did not discriminate between leaflets from 'Regal' paired with leaflets from acyanogenic selections out of Brown Loam Synthetic No. 2 germplasm. We suggest that levels of cyanogenic glycosides could be selected in white clover to improve resistance to insects. RP ELLSBURY, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NPA,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,RR 3,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 2467 EP 2472 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB237 UT WOS:A1992KB23700067 ER PT J AU WISEMAN, BR SNOOK, ME ISENHOUR, DJ MIHM, JA WIDSTROM, NW AF WISEMAN, BR SNOOK, ME ISENHOUR, DJ MIHM, JA WIDSTROM, NW TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROWTH OF CORN-EARWORM AND FALL ARMYWORM LARVAE (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) AND MAYSIN CONCENTRATION IN CORN SILKS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA-ZEA; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; MAYSIN ID MAIZE SILKS AB Plant resistance to insects, specifically antibiotic resistance, offers biologically, economically, and environmentally sound alternatives to pesticides for controlling the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), in com, Zea mays L. Our study was done to determine the relationship between maysin concentration in corn silks and growth of corn earworm and fall armyworm larvae. Silks, or methanol extracts from the silks of a large number of corn entries mixed in meridic diets, were evaluated by feeding them to neonate larvae and measuring subsequent larval growth at 8 or 9 d. Silks from several corn entries showed high antibiosis and a high maysin content. A range of highly significant negative relationships between weight of larvae and maysin concentration was observed. RP WISEMAN, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 13 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 2473 EP 2477 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB237 UT WOS:A1992KB23700068 ER PT J AU VIDELA, GW DAVIS, FM WILLIAMS, WP NG, SS AF VIDELA, GW DAVIS, FM WILLIAMS, WP NG, SS TI FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) LARVAL GROWTH AND SURVIVORSHIP ON SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT CORN AT DIFFERENT VEGETATIVE GROWTH-STAGES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CORN; FALL ARMYWORM; PLANT RESISTANCE; LEAF FEEDING ID SURVIVAL AB Two single-cross com, Zea mays L., hybrids (Mp701 x Mp706 and Mp496 x Mp707) with leaf-feeding resistance at the midwhorl stage of growth to fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), were evaluated for resistance from seedling (V3) to pretassel (V14) vegetative stages. Expression of resistance was determined by comparing the growth and survivorship of fall armyworm larvae reared for 7 d on the resistant hybrids and on a susceptible hybrid (Ab24E x SC229). Larvae recovered from infested seedlings of the resistant hybrids weighed 43% less than those recovered from the susceptible hybrid. When plants were infested in the early-, mid-, and late-whorl stages (V6, V8, and V12, respectively) significantly fewer larvae or smaller larvae (or both) were obtained from the resistant hybrids than from the susceptible hybrid. However, when the plants were infested at pretassel stage of growth (V14), differences in larval growth and survivorship were smaller and more inconsistent. Differences in larval weight between resistant and susceptible hybrids were greater when plants were infested at earlier whorl stages. No consistent differences were found among plant growth stages within either resistant or susceptible hybrids for weight or survivorship. C1 USDA ARS,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 2486 EP 2491 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB237 UT WOS:A1992KB23700070 ER PT J AU BARRY, D WIDSTROM, NW DARRAH, LL MCMILLIAN, WW RILEY, TJ SCOTT, GE LILLEHOJ, EB AF BARRY, D WIDSTROM, NW DARRAH, LL MCMILLIAN, WW RILEY, TJ SCOTT, GE LILLEHOJ, EB TI MAIZE EAR DAMAGE BY INSECTS IN RELATION TO GENOTYPE AND AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN PREHARVEST MAIZE GRAIN SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HOST PLANT RESISTANCE; ZEA-MAYS; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; DIVERSE LOCATIONS; CORN; HYBRIDS; RESISTANCE; KERNELS; GEORGIA AB Aflatoxin contamination in preharvest maize, Zea mays L., grain is a serious problem in the United States, especially in the southeastern production areas. Development of genotypes with resistance to ear-infesting insects, resistance to Aspergillus spp., and resistance to production of aflatoxin are maize-breeding objectives. Two cultivars, Mo20W x Teosinte and 'Ibadan B', have been identified as having resistance to ear-infesting insects when compared with the widely grown check hybrid B73 x Mo17. Although it was not determined if there was resistance to growth of Aspergillus flavus (Link ex Fries) or aflatoxin production per se, it was confirmed that these two cultivars produced less aflatoxin in preharvest grain than B73 x Mo17. Also, Mo20W x Teosinte tended to have less aflatoxin than 'Ibadan B'. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MISSOURI,PLANT SCI UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 2492 EP 2495 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB237 UT WOS:A1992KB23700071 ER PT J AU PARROTT, WL JENKINS, JN AF PARROTT, WL JENKINS, JN TI EQUIPMENT FOR MECHANICALLY HARVESTING EGGS OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; REARING; HOST PLANT RESISTANCE ID TOBACCO BUDWORM AB An improved Heliothis virescens F. egg harvester was designed, constructed, and evaluated .The machine automatically removes eggs oviposited on screens, recycles the wash solution (sodium hypochlorite) for reuse, and rinses the eggs with tap water. Results showed that H. virescens eggs removed mechanically with the egg harvester hatched as well as eggs removed manually. Daily collection rates over a 60-d test period averaged 360,000 eggs. On peak day of egg collection, almost-equal-to 700,000 eggs were collected in almost-equal-to 20 min. The improved machine has built-in features for limiting the time eggs are exposed to the sodium hypochlorite solution, immediately rinsing the eggs with tap water, and a feature to prevent harvest of eggs if the collection screen is not properly in place. RP PARROTT, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,BOX 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 2496 EP 2499 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB237 UT WOS:A1992KB23700072 ER PT J AU WISEMAN, BR SNOOK, ME WILSON, RL ISENHOUR, DJ AF WISEMAN, BR SNOOK, ME WILSON, RL ISENHOUR, DJ TI ALLELOCHEMICAL CONTENT OF SELECTED POPCORN SILKS - EFFECTS ON GROWTH OF CORN-EARWORM LARVAE (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA-ZEA; LARVAL GROWTH; MAYSIN ID RESISTANCE AB Silks of popcorn, Zea mays L., in the Eldredge collection were evaluated or effects on growth of larvae of the com earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and assayed for content of maysin, chlorogenic acid, apimaysin, and 3'-methoxymaysin. The weights of 9-d-old larvae ranged from 8 mg on 'PI340856' to 952 mg on 'PI340855'. Silks from about one-third of the popcorn collection produced com earworm larvae equal to or smaller than larvae that fed on silks of the resistant standard, 'Zapalote Chico'. Content of maysin, a luteolin-C-glycoside, ranged from zero for eighteen PIs to 1.128% for 'PI340856'. Significant negative correlations were found between contents of all four allelochemicals assayed and larval weights. Silks of 'PI340853' had no detectable levels of any of the allelochemicals assayed, yet they produced larvae with an average weight of only 37 mg. Silks of several introductions had higher concentrations of chlorogenic acid, apimaysin, and 3'-methoxymaysin than silks of 'Zapalote Chico'. RP WISEMAN, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 85 IS 6 BP 2500 EP 2504 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KB237 UT WOS:A1992KB23700073 ER PT J AU WINCHELL, CS TURMAN, JW AF WINCHELL, CS TURMAN, JW TI A NEW TRAPPING TECHNIQUE FOR BURROWING OWLS - THE NOOSE ROD SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A technique to trap ground dwelling owls, using monofilament nooses and wooden dowel rods, was developed. Setting noose rods does not require modification or disturbance to the burrow and the trap can easily be customized to fit different physical configurations of a burrow or mound. Using this technique permitted capture of 100% of Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia) during the fledgling season, a time when owls were extremely wary of any change near their burrows or roosts. Other capture techniques either required modification to the burrow entrance, had a lower capture rate, or caused adults to abandon the burrow temporally. C1 USDA,ANIM DAMAGE CONTROL,EL CAJON,CA 92021. RP WINCHELL, CS (reprint author), USN,NAT RESOURCES OFF,NAVAL AIR STN N ISL,BLDG 3,SAN DIEGO,CA 92135, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 1992 VL 63 IS 1 BP 66 EP 70 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA HE684 UT WOS:A1992HE68400010 ER PT J AU TATE, CR MILLER, RG MALLINSON, ET AF TATE, CR MILLER, RG MALLINSON, ET TI EVALUATION OF 2 ISOLATION AND 2 NONISOLATION METHODS FOR DETECTING NATURALLY-OCCURRING SALMONELLAE FROM BROILER FLOCK ENVIRONMENTAL DRAG-SWAB SAMPLES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CONVENTIONAL CULTURE PROCEDURE; DNA HYBRIDIZATION METHOD; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; POULTRY CARCASSES; FOODS; ASSAY; FARMS AB One hundred and fifty-five environmental drag-swab samples, collected from 15 broiler flocks, were examined for the presence of salmonellae using a conventional and modified isolation method and two nonisolation assays. The conventional isolation method consisted of primary overnight enrichment in Hajna's tetrathionate broth at 41-degrees-C followed by inoculation to xylose-lysine desoxycholate and brilliant green agar plating medium. The modified isolation method employed the same overnight enrichment broths inoculated to xylose-lysine-tergitol 4 agar and brilliant green agar with novobiocin plating media. In the modified isolation method, any samples found Salmonella negative after primary enrichment were further evaluated using delayed secondary enrichment. The two commercial nonisolation assays examined were an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a colorimetric DNA hybridization assay (DNAHA). Salmonellae were detected in 60 samples using the conventional isolation method and in 73 samples using the modified isolation method. Salmonellae were presumptively detected in 72 samples using the ELISA and in 67 samples using the DNAHA. The improved selectivity observed with the modified isolation method was primarily due to the incorporation of the xylose-lysine-tergitol 4 plating medium. The results from the modified isolation method revealed that both the ELISA and DNAHA were more specific, but less sensitive, than was indicated by the results from the conventional isolation method. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP TATE, CR (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,BLDG 322,ARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 55 IS 12 BP 964 EP 967 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA KD928 UT WOS:A1992KD92800004 ER PT J AU LACHOWSKI, H MAUS, P PLATT, B AF LACHOWSKI, H MAUS, P PLATT, B TI INTEGRATING REMOTE-SENSING WITH GIS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 PACIFIC MERIDIAN RESOURCES,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. US FOREST SERV,MARK TWAIN NATL PK,ROLLA,MO. RP LACHOWSKI, H (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NATIONWIDE FORESTRY APPLICAT PROGRAM,SALT LAKE CITY,UT, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 90 IS 12 BP 16 EP 21 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JZ848 UT WOS:A1992JZ84800012 ER PT J AU ZHU, ZL EVANS, DL AF ZHU, ZL EVANS, DL TI MAPPING MIDSOUTH FOREST DISTRIBUTIONS - AVHRR SATELLITE DATA AND GIS HELP MEET RPA MANDATE SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION; COVER RP ZHU, ZL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,50 FOREST EXPT STN,STARKVILLE,MS, USA. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 90 IS 12 BP 27 EP 30 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA JZ848 UT WOS:A1992JZ84800014 ER PT J AU DUNSON, WA WYMAN, RL CORBETT, ES AF DUNSON, WA WYMAN, RL CORBETT, ES TI A SYMPOSIUM ON AMPHIBIAN DECLINES AND HABITAT ACIDIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON AMPHIBIAN DECLINES AND HABITAT ACIDIFICATION, AT THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOC FOR THE STUDY OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES AND THE HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE CY AUG 08, 1991 CL UNIVERSITY PARK, PA SP SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS & REPTILES, HEPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE ID ACIDIC DEPOSITION; POPULATIONS; GONE AB A symposium was held 8 August 1991, at the annual meeting of the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles and The Herpetologists' League in University Park, Pennsylvania. The topic, "Amphibian Declines and Habitat Acidification" was selected for its relevance to the topical issues of a precipitous drop in many amphibian populations, and possible causation by acidic atmospheric deposition. As organizers, we felt that a rigorous approach to these issues requires meticulous field documentation of population fluctuations and correlated environmental measures of pollution, along with an experimental ecotoxicological analysis of possible anthropogenic causation. Because of the potential for large-scale environmental change acting synergistically with pollution across landscapes, the experimental elucidation of cause and effect will be extremely difficult. It appears that some amphibian populations fluctuate in an episodic fashion, but there are no long-term data bases adequate to determine whether particular declines are uniequivocally due to acidic deposition from non-point sources, other anthropogenic causes, natural causes, or interactions among them. This series of papers deals with the effects of acidic waters and soils on amphibians in England and North America. It is very clear that acidic habitats of natural and polluted origin exclude certain species and cause sub-lethal and lethal effects. However, no data are at hand which show directly that anthropogenic acidification causes amphibian populations to decline. There is considerable interest in the development of bioindicators of habitat decline. Net loss of body sodium and the embryonic curling defect in amphibians are examples of the best of such direct bioassays in acidified aquatic and terrestrial habitats. There is a strong need for standardization of test conditions so that better comparisons can be made among results from laboratories in different geographic regions. We recommend that a number of sites be chosen for long-term (10 year minimum) study of the relation between amphibian population cycles and anthropogenic change. This research would provide data not only specifically pertinent to the issue of amphibian declines, but would also provide valuable tests of the usefulness of amphibians as general bioindicators of ecosystem decline in response to anthropogenic stress. These issues are complex and are not amenable to quick solutions. A sustained commitment is needed by researchers and funding agencies to provide long-term monitoring and rigorous experimental tests of the causes of any declines in especially sensitive biotic components of ecosystems. C1 EDMUND NILES HUYCK PRESERVE & BIOL RES STN,RENSSELAERVILLE,NY 12147. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP DUNSON, WA (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,208 MUELLER,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 28 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 19 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI OXFORD PA MIAMI UNIV, DEPT ZOOLOGY, OXFORD, OH 45056 SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 26 IS 4 BP 349 EP 352 DI 10.2307/1565110 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA KD179 UT WOS:A1992KD17900001 ER PT J AU STOTTLEMYER, R TROENDLE, CA AF STOTTLEMYER, R TROENDLE, CA TI NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION PATTERNS IN STREAMS DRAINING ALPINE AND SUB-ALPINE CATCHMENTS, FRASER EXPERIMENTAL FOREST, COLORADO SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; WILDERNESS AREA; CHEMISTRY; LAKES; ACIDIFICATION; SNOWMELT; ECOSYSTEM; RETENTION; MOVEMENT; SNOWPACK AB Streamwater samples were collected during 1987-1988 from two adjacent gauged watersheds, the subalpine-alpine East St. Lows and the Fool Creek Alpine, in the Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado. The study objective was to compare the relationships between streamwater discharge and ion concentration in alpine and alpine-subalpine watersheds at a site receiving low inputs of atmospheric contaminants. Streamwater discharge accounts for much of the variation in ion concentration. Trajectories of time, discharge, and ion concentration suggest that patterns of nutrient flux are controlled primarily by the magnitude of streamwater discharge, and seasonal differences in the relative contributions of snowmelt and soil water. In the subalpine catchment, increased streamwater discharge accounted for most of the decline in concentration of ions, with high concentrations in soil water relative to precipitation. This relationship was not seen in the alpine catchment, probably because of the influence of large diurnal variation in the ratio of snowmelt to soil water. In both catchments, ions with comparatively high concentrations in precipitation and the snowpack relative to soil water showed less concentration decline with increased streamwater discharge. The recurring nature of the trajectories, especially in the subalpine catchment, suggests that the time, discharge, and ion concentration patterns may represent a general characteristic in moderate-sized, undisturbed Rocky Mountain catchments which do not receive high inputs of airborne contaminants. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP STOTTLEMYER, R (reprint author), MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,GREAT LAKES AREA RESOURCE STUDIES UNIT,HOUGHTON,MI 49931, USA. NR 38 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 140 IS 1-4 BP 179 EP 208 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(92)90240-V PG 30 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA KJ528 UT WOS:A1992KJ52800009 ER PT J AU GILLEY, JE KINCAID, DC ELLIOT, WJ LAFLEN, JM AF GILLEY, JE KINCAID, DC ELLIOT, WJ LAFLEN, JM TI SEDIMENT DELIVERY ON RILL AND INTERRILL AREAS SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT CAPACITY; FLOW AB Equations which relate sediment delivery to a power function of flow rate and slope gradient were evaluated in this study. The data used to parameterize the equations were obtained from sites where crop residues had been removed, and moldboard plowing and disking had occurred. Measurements of sediment delivery resulting from simulated rainfall were obtained from preformed rills and interrill areas. The equations provided reliable sediment delivery estimates for selected soils located throughout the United States. To use the sediment delivery equations, soil-related parameter values must be identified. Multiple regression analyses were performed to relate parameter values used in the equations to selected soil properties. Equations were also developed for estimating rill sediment delivery under rainfall conditions from rill soil loss and discharge data collected without the addition of rainfall. The equations identified in this study, and appropriate soils information, can be used to predict sediment delivery on both rill and interrill areas. C1 USDA ARS,KIMBERLY,ID 83341. PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP GILLEY, JE (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 140 IS 1-4 BP 313 EP 341 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(92)90246-R PG 29 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA KJ528 UT WOS:A1992KJ52800015 ER PT J AU GARMYN, M YAAR, M BOILEAU, N BACKENDORF, C GILCHREST, BA AF GARMYN, M YAAR, M BOILEAU, N BACKENDORF, C GILCHREST, BA TI EFFECT OF AGING AND HABITUAL SUN EXPOSURE ON THE GENETIC RESPONSE OF CULTURED HUMAN KERATINOCYTES TO SOLAR-SIMULATED IRRADIATION SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; HUMAN-SKIN FIBROBLASTS; THYMOCYTE-ACTIVATING FACTOR; DNA-DAMAGING AGENTS; FOS PROTO-ONCOGENE; HUMAN MELANOCYTES; C-MYC; EXPRESSION; GROWTH; CELLS AB Aging and chronic sun exposure are known to be associated with decreased cutaneous immune function, changes in the balance between epidermal proliferation and differentiation, and a greatly enhanced risk of photocarcinogenesis. However, their specific effects on the response of human keratinocytes to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation are unknown. We therefore asked whether aging and photoaging modulate the response at the mRNA level to UV-inducible genes implicated in immunomodulation and/or growth control. Cultured human keratinocytes derived from newborn, young adult, and old adult donors were exposed to a single physiologic dose of solar-simulated UV or sham irradiation and liar-vested at 1, 4, 8, 24, and 48 h post-irradiation for northern blot analysis. Specific mRNA was detected using cDNA probes encoding the proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-myc and the growth-arrest and DNA damage (GADD153) gene, all recently shown by our laboratory to be modulated by UV in newborn keratinocytes; interleukin (IL)-1a, IL-1b, and the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), two keratinocyte cytokines and their competitive inhibitor, implicated in the immunomodulatory effect of UV; and SPR2, a recently cloned gene known to be induced during normal keratinocyte differentiation and by lethal UV-C irradiation. Our data suggest that aging alone strikingly increases the baseline expression of SPR2 and IL-1ra but has relatively little effect on the response to UV for the other genes examined. In contrast, the combination of aging and habitual sun exposure, so-called photoaging, markedly increases c-fos inducibility and decreases baseline expression of SPR2 and IL-1ra relative to that in cells from sun-protected skin of the same donors. The implied alterations in signal transduction and differentiation state observed in cells derived from habitually sun-exposed sites of old adults may explain in part the predisposition to photocarcinogenesis in photoaged skin. C1 BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,80 E CONCORD ST,BOSTON,MA 02118. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. LEIDEN UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,MOLEC GENET LAB,2300 RA LEIDEN,NETHERLANDS. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 07114, AG 08909] NR 46 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 99 IS 6 BP 743 EP 748 DI 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12614470 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA KF927 UT WOS:A1992KF92700012 PM 1469287 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, AW DOWLER, CC GLAZE, NC CHALFANT, RB GOLDEN, AM AF JOHNSON, AW DOWLER, CC GLAZE, NC CHALFANT, RB GOLDEN, AM TI NEMATODE NUMBERS AND CROP YIELD IN A FENAMIPHOS-TREATED SWEET CORN SWEET-POTATO VETCH CROPPING SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FENAMIPHOS; IPOMOEA-BATATAS; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; NEMATICIDE; NEMATODE; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; SWEET CORN; SWEET POTATO; VETCH; VICIA-SATIVA; ZEA-MAYS ID DEGRADATION; MANAGEMENT; SOIL AB Nematode population densities and yield of sweet corn and sweet potato as affected by the nematicide fenamiphos, in a sweet corn-sweet potato-vetch cropping system, were determined in a 5-year test (1981-85). Sweet potato was the best host of Meloidogyne incognita of these three crops. Fenamiphos 15G (6.7 kg a.i./ha) incorporated broadcast in the top 15 cm of the soil layer before planting of each crop increased (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) yields of sweet corn in 1981 and 1982 and sweet potato number 1 grade in 1982 and 1983. Yield of sweet corn and numbers of M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) in the soil each month were negatively correlated from planting (r = -0.47) to harvest (r = -0.61) in 1982. Yield of number 1 sweet potato was inversely related to numbers of J2 in the soil in July-October 1982 and july-September 1983. Yield of cracked storage roots was positively related to the numbers of J2 in the soil on one or more sampling dates in all years except 1985. Some factor(s), such as microbial degradation, resistant M. incognita development, or environment, reduced the effect of fenamiphos. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,TIFTON,GA 31793. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP JOHNSON, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 24 IS 4 BP 533 EP 539 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA KB212 UT WOS:A1992KB21200010 PM 19283032 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, AW CSINOS, AS GOLDEN, AM GLAZE, NC AF JOHNSON, AW CSINOS, AS GOLDEN, AM GLAZE, NC TI CHEMIGATION FOR CONTROL OF BLACK SHANK ROOT-KNOT COMPLEX AND WEEDS IN TOBACCO SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLACK SHANK; CHEMIGATION; MELOIDOGYNE SPP; NEMATODE; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; PHYTOPHTHORA-PARASITICA; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE ID OVERHEAD SPRINKLER IRRIGATION; NEMATICIDES; SYSTEM; WATER AB Tank mixes of a fungicide (metalaxyl) and a nematicide (fenamiphos) with herbicides (isopropalin or pendimethalin) and an insecticide (chlorpyrifos) were applied by soil incorporation or irrigation to control the black shank-Toot knot complex and weeds on four tobacco cultivars. The disease complex was more severe on cultivars McNair 944, NC-2326, and K-326 than on Speight G-70. The disease complex was reduced (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) on all cultivars with the pesticide combinations containing metalaxyl + fenamiphos. On most cultivars, percentage disease, disease index, root-gall index, yield, and weed control did not differ (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) between the tank mixes containing isopropalin or pendimethalin or among methods of application. Generally, the most effective method of treatment application for control of the disease complex and weeds was preplant incorporated followed by postplant irrigation and preplant irrigation. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP JOHNSON, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 24 IS 4 SU S BP 648 EP 655 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA KB716 UT WOS:A1992KB71600004 PM 19283041 ER PT J AU NOE, JP HOLBROOK, CC MINTON, NA AF NOE, JP HOLBROOK, CC MINTON, NA TI FIELD-EVALUATION OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA IN ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA PLANT INTRODUCTIONS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA; NEMATODE; PEANUT; RESISTANCE; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE ID RESISTANCE AB Resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria race 1 is not currently available in commercial peanut cultivars. Moderate levels of resistance have been identified in Arachis hypogaea plant introductions (PI) in previous greenhouse studies. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of resistance in peanut PI on populations dynamics of M. arenaria in field plots. The PI designated as resistant in greenhouse studies had fewer M. arenaria in roots than the most susceptible PI. At midseason and at the end of the season, resistant PI had fewer M. arenaria in rhizosphere soil than the most susceptible PI. Seven resistant PI had lower numbers of M. arenaria than 'Florunner' at the end of the growing season. Gall index, egg mass index, number of eggs/plant, and number of eggs/g root from greenhouse screening were highly correlated with population levels of M. arenaria in the field, especially at midseason. These greenhouse indices should provide reliable estimates of host suitability in future studies. C1 USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP NOE, JP (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 24 IS 4 SU S BP 712 EP 716 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA KB716 UT WOS:A1992KB71600013 PM 19283050 ER PT J AU VEECH, JA AF VEECH, JA TI REPRODUCTION OF 4 RACES OF MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA ON HIBISCUS-CANNABINUS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIBISCUS-CANNABINUS; HOST SUITABILITY; KENAF; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; NEMATODE; RACES; RESISTANCE; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE AB The feasibility of cultivation of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) in the United States is receiving a multifaceted evaluation. Among the factors being evaluated is kenaf's susceptibility to nematodes. In this investigation, four races of Meloidogyne incognita reproduced extensively on each of the several kenaf genotypes examined in greenhouse tests. Some genotypes of kenaf, however, demonstrated limited resistance to certain races of M. incognita. RP VEECH, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,RURAL ROUTE 5,BOX 805,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 24 IS 4 SU S BP 717 EP 721 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA KB716 UT WOS:A1992KB71600014 PM 19283051 ER PT J AU RUMBAUGH, MD GRIFFIN, GD AF RUMBAUGH, MD GRIFFIN, GD TI RESISTANCE OF LATHYRUS SPECIES AND ACCESSIONS TO THE NORTHERN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE, MELOIDOGYNE-HAPLA SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; FLATPEA; FORAGE; GERMPLASM; GRASSPEA; LATHYRUS; LEGUME; MELOIDOGYNE-HAPLA; NEMATODE; PATHOGENICITY; PEAVINE; PERENNIAL PEA; VETCHLING ID 2,4-DIAMINOBUTYRIC ACID COMPOSITION; FLATPEA CROSSING METHODS; SATIVUS AB The leguminous plant genus Lathyrus contains many species useful for soil conservation and reclamation. Some of these species may also have value in the United States for forage production. The extent of genetic variation among Lathyrus populations in reaction to most disease pathogens is not known. We examined 28 USDA Agricultural Research Service Plant Introduction accessions representing 16 Lathyrus species for their ability to tolerate attack by the northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla. There were differences in the percentage of root tissue galled and in the nematode reproductive index among species and among accessions within species. Root biomass of infected plants was significantly less than that of uninfected plants of the same accession. Accessions of L. ochrus and L. tingitanus were susceptible to M. hapla, whereas L. latifolius, L. sylvestris, and L. hirsutus were resistant. The variation among Lathyrus spp. in root galling and reproductive indices of M. hapla warrant the inclusion of these traits in Lathyrus breeding programs. RP RUMBAUGH, MD (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 24 IS 4 SU S BP 729 EP 734 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA KB716 UT WOS:A1992KB71600016 PM 19283053 ER PT J AU WINDHAM, GL LAWRENCE, GW AF WINDHAM, GL LAWRENCE, GW TI HOST STATUS OF COMMERCIAL MAIZE HYBRIDS TO ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CORN; HOST SUITABILITY; MAIZE; NEMATODE; RENIFORM NEMATODE; RESISTANCE; ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS; ZEA MAYS ID COTTON; RESISTANCE; NEMATODE; PLANTS AB The host status of 50 commercial maize hybrids for a Mississippi population of Rotylenchulus reniformis was determined in greenhouse experiments. Reproduction was measured by determining RF values ([final egg number + juveniles and vermiform adults in soil] divided-by initial egg number) and number of eggs per gram of fresh root. All hybrids maintained R. reniformis below the initial population level, indicating that they are relatively poor hosts for this species. RF values for R. reniformis among hybrids were different (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) and ranged from 0.03 for 'Pioneer 3147' and 'Pioneer 3136' to 0.60 for 'Hy Performer HS60'. No R. reniformis eggs were recovered from the roots of 15 of the maize hybrids. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & WEED SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP WINDHAM, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 24 IS 4 SU S BP 745 EP 748 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA KB716 UT WOS:A1992KB71600019 PM 19283056 ER PT J AU BODE, AM MILLER, LA FABER, J SAARI, JT AF BODE, AM MILLER, LA FABER, J SAARI, JT TI MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION IN HEART, LIVER, AND KIDNEY OF COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE COPPER DEFICIENCY; CARDIAC MITOCHONDRIA; MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION ID CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; ENLARGEMENT; IRON AB Morphological observations in some tissues indicate that dietary copper deficiency results in structural damage to mitochondria. The purpose of this study was to determine whether mitochondrial function is impaired as well. Male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets deficient or sufficient in copper for 4 weeks. Mitochondria were isolated from heart, liver, kidney cortex, and kidney medulla. P/O ratio, state 3 and state 4 respiration rates (oxygen consumed in the presence and absence of ADP, respectively), and acceptor control index (ratio of state 3:state 4) were determined using succinate or pyruvate/malate as substrate. State 3 respiration rate in mitochondria from copper-deficient hearts and livers was lower than in mitochondria from copper-sufficient hearts. Copper deficiency reduced the state 4 respiration rate only in cardiac mitochondria. Neither respiration rate was affected by copper deficiency in mitochondria from kidney medulla or cortex. P/O ratio was not significantly affected by copper deficiency in any tissue examined. Acceptor control index was reduced only in liver mitochondria. The observed decreases in respiration rates are consistent with decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity, shown by others to occur in mitochondria isolated from hearts and livers of copper-deficient rats. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. RP BODE, AM (reprint author), UNIV N DAKOTA,DEPT PHYSIOL,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 3 IS 12 BP 668 EP 672 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(92)90088-Z PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA KB468 UT WOS:A1992KB46800008 ER PT J AU KLEMCKE, HG AF KLEMCKE, HG TI HORMONAL AND STRESSOR-ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN PORCINE ADRENOCORTICAL CHOLESTEROL ESTER HYDROLASE ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAT ADRENAL-GLAND; CORTICOSTEROID SECRETION; CHROMAFFIN CELLS; CORTEX; PROLACTIN; DOPAMINE; METABOLISM; ACTH; HYPOPROLACTINEMIA; STEROIDOGENESIS AB Cholesterol ester hydrolase (CEH) activity was characterized in the porcine adrenal gland and experiments conducted to determine the nature of its hormonal regulation. CEH activity was studied in the 14,000 g(max) pellet (F4) and in the 192,000 g(max), supernatant (F6). Characteristics associated with pH optima, product formation with time, linearity with increasing protein concentration, and equilibration of exogenous cholesterol esters added in acetone with endogenous cholesterol esters were determined. Scatchard analyses of saturation data demonstrated two-site models, which indicated the presence of lower velocity lower K(m) enzymes (catalytic sites) (L-VK(m)) and higher velocity higher K(m) enzymes (catalytic sites) (H-VK(m)) in both subcellular fractions. Neither ACTH (0.4 mug/kg body weight) nor 30-min restraint affected CEH activities at 0.5, 2, and 5 h after injection or initiation of restraint. However, 1 h after a longer restraint period (45 min), F4 H-VK. CEH activity increased concomitantly with decreased F6 L-VK(m) (P = 0.003). More modest increases in F4 H-VK(m) (P = 0.03) were still apparent 1 h after the last of nine daily 45-min restraints. Bromocriptine (CB154, a dopamine agonist) administration for 6 days (9.6 mg/daily) reduced plasma prolactin (PRL) by 53% (P < 0.05), but had no effect on CEH activities. ACTH treatment to CB154-induced hypoprolactinemic barrows dramatically reduced F4 (63%) and F6 (49%) L-VK(m) CEH activity (P = 0.03). These data are the first concerned with regulation of adrenal CEH activity in swine, and are the first to evaluate in vivo treatments on in vitro CEH activity in any species evolutionarily higher than rodents. In vivo regulation of porcine adrenal CEH activity appears complex. Stressor-associated hormonal perturbations apparently must surpass a certain threshold of duration and/or magnitude before they alter CEH activity. Differing K(m) and V(max) of CEH within and between the two subcellular fractions studied and the differential responses to restraint stressor suggest that as many as four different enzymes with CEH activity are involved. Additionally, the combined effect of ACTH and CB154-induced hypoprolactinemia argues for an interrelated modulatory function of ACTH and PRL (or dopamine) on specific porcine adrenal CEH activities. RP KLEMCKE, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-0760 J9 J STEROID BIOCHEM JI J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 43 IS 7 BP 725 EP 739 DI 10.1016/0960-0760(92)90299-X PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA KE767 UT WOS:A1992KE76700016 PM 1335279 ER PT J AU ZAHN, JJ AF ZAHN, JJ TI RELIABILITY OF BOLTED WOOD CONNECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB This report analyzes the implied reliability of current practice for the design of bolted wood connections. All U.S. data available to the writer were used. The resistance distribution was taken to be normal, and the coefficient of variation was obtained by pooling data from several sources, as long as the moisture condition, grain direction, side-plate material, and species were alike. The reliability index for softwood connections is about 5; the index for hardwood connections is about 20% greater than that for softwood connections. A comparative study of data from six sources showed that reliability does not depend upon bolt length-to-diameter ratio, and the effects of wood moisture content and side-plate material (steel or wood) are minimal. Two new codes are briefly examined and compared with current practice. Both of these codes contain radically reformed design criteria for bolted wood connections. The comparison shows that both new codes maintain the present level of reliability. RP ZAHN, JJ (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 1992 VL 118 IS 12 BP 3362 EP 3376 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:12(3362) PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA JZ466 UT WOS:A1992JZ46600009 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, EJ KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B DALLAL, GE RUSSEL, RM AF JOHNSON, EJ KRALL, EA DAWSONHUGHES, B DALLAL, GE RUSSEL, RM TI LACK OF AN EFFECT OF MULTIVITAMINS CONTAINING VITAMIN-A ON SERUM RETINYL ESTERS AND LIVER-FUNCTION TESTS IN HEALTHY WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-A; RETINOL; RETINYL ESTERS; VITAMIN-A SUPPLEMENTS; VITAMIN-A TOXICITY ID ELDERLY POPULATION; BINDING PROTEIN; PLASMA RETINOL; SUPPLEMENTATION; PEOPLE AB Two hundred eighty-four female adults (aged 40-70 years) were longitudinally studied to investigate the relationship between dietary supplemental vitamin A and serum biochemical markers of vitamin A toxicity. Serum retinol, retinyl esters, and retinol-binding protein (RBP), alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and bile acids were measured at baseline, 1 and 2 years. Fasting serum retinol and retinyl ester concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and dietary and supplemental intake of vitamin A were assessed by 3-day food records. There was no difference in dietary vitamin A intake between supplement users and nonusers. In supplemental users, the mean +/- SEM supplemental vitamin A intake was 952 +/- 81 IU/day (range 250-5000 retinol equivalents/day). Serum retinol, retinyl esters, and RBP concentrations were not different between the two groups during the 2-year period. For each group, serum retinyl esters significantly increased over time (p < 0.03), but the magnitude of the increase was not different between the groups. Serum levels of retinol, retinyl esters, and RBP were not correlated with vitamin A intake or age in either group. Biochemical measures of liver damage (serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and serum bile acids) were not related to serum retinol, retinyl esters or RBP concentrations, nor were they different between nonusers and users of supplemental vitamin A. This study provides evidence that long-term supplemental vitamin A in doses commonly found in multivitamin supplements does not present a risk for hypervitaminosis A. RP JOHNSON, EJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 11 IS 6 BP 682 EP 686 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KB220 UT WOS:A1992KB22000004 PM 1460182 ER PT J AU MERTZ, W AF MERTZ, W TI FOOD-INTAKE MEASUREMENTS - IS THERE A GOLD STANDARD SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID ENERGY-INTAKE; RECORDS; DIET RP MERTZ, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1463 EP 1465 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KB772 UT WOS:A1992KB77200004 PM 1452958 ER PT J AU TUCKER, KL DALLAL, GE RUSH, D AF TUCKER, KL DALLAL, GE RUSH, D TI DIETARY PATTERNS OF ELDERLY BOSTON-AREA RESIDENTS DEFINED BY CLUSTER-ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FOOD EATING PATTERNS; CONSUMPTION PATTERNS; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; OLDER AMERICANS; CHOLESTEROL; HEALTH AB The dietary patterns of 680 noninstitutionalized, predominantly white elderly volunteers from the Boston area (447 women and 233 men) were examined by cluster of food contribution to energy intake. Data were derived from 3-day dietary records. The four major patterns identified corresponded to high consumption of (a) alcohol, (b) milk, cereals, and fruits (c) bread and poultry, and (d) meat and potatoes. The resulting clusters of subjects differed significantly in gender, education, income, and frequency of smoking. Those with diets high in milk, cereals, and fruits had the highest intakes of micronutrients and the best hematologic profile. Those with high meat and potato intakes had the lowest intakes of most micronutrients and lowest levels of plasma folate and vitamin B-6. High alcohol consumers had lowest blood levels of riboflavin and vitamin B-12 and highest levels of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. Those with high bread and poultry intakes has lowest reported energy intakes, but, paradoxically, they had the highest mean body mass index Neither total serum cholesterol nor cholesterol intake varied significantly among groups. Our findings suggest that the nutritional status of the elderly may be improved by promoting food patterns rich in milk, fruit, and cereals and by counseling the elderly to limit consumption of alcohol and meats high in saturated fats. RP TUCKER, KL (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 18 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1487 EP 1491 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KB772 UT WOS:A1992KB77200009 PM 1452962 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, RL AF ANDERSON, RL TI EFFECTS OF STEAMING ON SOYBEAN PROTEINS AND TRYPSIN-INHIBITORS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; NITROGEN SOLUBILITY; NSI; PROTEIN; SOYBEAN; SOY FLOUR; STEAMING; TRYPSIN INHIBITOR ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; CV MAPLE ARROW; ULTRASTRUCTURAL-LOCALIZATION; SOY PROTEINS; THIN-SECTIONS; GOLD METHOD; GLYCININ AB Steaming of defatted soybean flakes decreases both protein solubility and trypsin inhibitor (TI) activity as measured by nitrogen solubility index (NSI) and TI assay, respectively. NSI can be lowered from 80-90, in raw flakes, to 10-20 with sufficient steaming. concurrently, about 90% of TI activity is destroyed . Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis of raw soy flour demonstrated transition temperatures (T(max)) of 58.2,72.8 and 96.4-degrees-C for TI, 7S and 11S proteins, respectively. Lowering the NSI to 42.4 by steaming caused the TI transition to disappear, even though half of the TI activity remained. DSC analysis of steamed soybean flakes revealed that undenatured 7S and 11S storage proteins remain, even when the NSI is decreased to 10. RP ANDERSON, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 26 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 69 IS 12 BP 1170 EP 1176 DI 10.1007/BF02637675 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KC877 UT WOS:A1992KC87700002 ER PT J AU ISBELL, TA KLEIMAN, R ERHAN, SM AF ISBELL, TA KLEIMAN, R ERHAN, SM TI CHARACTERIZATION OF MONOMERS PRODUCED FROM THERMAL HIGH-PRESSURE CONVERSION OF MEADOWFOAM AND OLEIC ACIDS INTO ESTOLIDES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE BRANCHED FATTY ACIDS; CIS TRANSISOMERIZATION; ESTOLIDES; LACTONES; MEADOWFOAM; MONOMERS; MONTMORILLONITE; OLEFIN MIGRATION; OLEIC ID CLAY CATALYSTS; ESTERS; PALM; OILS AB The monomers produced from thermal high-pressure conversion of meadowfoam or oleic acids into estolides were characterized as a complex mixture of fatty acids. Mild reaction conditions produced little change in the starting acids. However, vigorous reaction conditions, e.g. greater-than-or-equal-to 3 h at 250-degrees-C with stirring, significantly altered the starting fatty acids. Cis/trans isomerizaton occurred readily, with the proportion of trans isomers reaching 57%. In addition, the double bonds migrated throughout all positions of the hydrocarbon chain with concentrations diminishing outward from the starting double bond position. Branching was also observed to a small extent under these conditions and was even more pronounced in the absence of water. Lactones were also identified in the reaction mixture, with contents near 16% in the meadowfoam series. All products can be explained via carbocation rearrangement mechanisms that result from protonation of the starting olefins. RP ISBELL, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 69 IS 12 BP 1177 EP 1183 DI 10.1007/BF02637676 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KC877 UT WOS:A1992KC87700003 ER PT J AU DIERS, BW SHOEMAKER, RC AF DIERS, BW SHOEMAKER, RC TI RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN FATTY-ACID CONTENT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE FATTY ACIDS; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; SOYBEAN; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI ID QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; LOCI AB The quality of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil depends greatly upon its fatty acid composition. The objective of this study was to map quantitative trait loci affecting the relative content of the fatty acids composing soybean seed oil. The mapping was done in a population formed from a cross between a G. max experimental line and a G. soja plant introduction. Sixty F2-derived lines from this population were genotyped with 243 restriction fragment length polymorphism, five isozyme, one storage protein and three morphological markers. The genotyped lines were grown in a replicated trial, and the seed harvested was analyzed for palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic fatty acids. Markers significantly (P > 0.005) associated with each fatty acid were found. Individual markers were associated with up to 38% of the total variance in specific fatty acids among the F2 lines. The greatest associations between markers and fatty acid content were observed with markers on two major linkage groups. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT GENET,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,FCR,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. RP DIERS, BW (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PLANT & SOIL SCI BLDG,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 69 IS 12 BP 1242 EP 1244 DI 10.1007/BF02637690 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KC877 UT WOS:A1992KC87700017 ER PT J AU BRUNINGFANN, C KANEENE, J HEAMON, J AF BRUNINGFANN, C KANEENE, J HEAMON, J TI INVESTIGATION OF AN OUTBREAK OF VELOGENIC VISCEROTROPIC NEWCASTLE-DISEASE IN PET BIRDS IN MICHIGAN, INDIANA, ILLINOIS, AND TEXAS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB An outbreak of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease in exotic pet birds in the United States from April through july 1991 was investigated. More than 2,000 pet birds in 5 states (Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Texas, and Maryland) were tested. Infected birds were found in Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, and Texas. This disease was eradicated without spread to domestic poultry. Epidemiologic investigations revealed the source of infection to be double yellow-headed Amazon parrots suspected to be illegally imported into Texas. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,CTR POPULAT MED,A109 VET MED CTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA,APHIS,VS,HOLT,MI 48842. USDA,APHIS VS,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 1992 VL 201 IS 11 BP 1709 EP 1714 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KA914 UT WOS:A1992KA91400024 PM 1293111 ER PT J AU GREENE, SE HARCOMBE, PA HARMON, ME SPYCHER, G AF GREENE, SE HARCOMBE, PA HARMON, ME SPYCHER, G TI PATTERNS OF GROWTH, MORTALITY AND BIOMASS CHANGE IN A COASTAL PICEA-SITCHENSIS-TSUGA-HETEROPHYLLA FOREST SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BOLE BIOMASS; DISTURBANCE; GAP; OREGON; WIND AB Ten years (1979-1989) of growth and mortality were determined in a 130-yr old stand on the Oregon coast based on periodic remeasurements in 44 1000 m2 plots. Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) constituted 90 % of the individuals and 57 % of the biomass. Wind is a major form of disturbance in this area, creating both small discrete and large diffuse disturbance patches; wind therefore has a direct effect on the location and extent of regeneration. Rates of tree mortality were high for this coastal stand (2.8 %/yr), especially compared to similar-aged stands in the western and eastern Cascade Ranges. Though low in absolute density, Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) persisted in competition with the more tolerant western hemlock. Net production of bole biomass (4.9 Mg ha-1 yr-1) did not equal mortality (8.7 Mg ha-1 yr-1), and total biomass declined over the 10-yr measurement period from 499 to 460 Mg/ha; this trend may have begun as early as the mid-1950's at a peak biomass of about 600 Mg/ha. The decline may have been due to a positive feedback in which new gaps and enlarging gap perimeters exposed more and more trees to potential wind damage. RP GREENE, SE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI KNIVSTA PA APELSINVAGEN 47, S 741 00 KNIVSTA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 3 IS 5 BP 697 EP 706 DI 10.2307/3235838 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA KA466 UT WOS:A1992KA46600016 ER PT J AU KLEINA, LG GRUBMAN, MJ AF KLEINA, LG GRUBMAN, MJ TI ANTIVIRAL EFFECTS OF A THIOL PROTEASE INHIBITOR ON FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; POLIOVIRUS INFECTION; PROTEINASE-INHIBITOR; TRANSLATION SYSTEM; CLEAVAGE; E-64; RNA; POLYPEPTIDES; POLYPROTEIN; EXPRESSION AB The thiol protease inhibitor E-64 specifically blocks autocatalytic activity of the leader protease of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and interferes with cleavage of the structural protein precursor in an in vitro translation assay programmed with virion RNA. Experiments with FMDV-infected cells and E-64 or a membrane-permeable analog, E-64d, have confirmed these results and demonstrated interference in virus assembly, causing a reduction in virus yield. In addition, there is a lag in the appearance of virus-induced cellular morphologic alterations, a delay in cleavage of host cell protein p220 and in shutoff of host protein synthesis, and a decrease in viral protein and RNA synthesis. The implications of using E-64-based compounds as potential antiviral agents for FMDV are discussed. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,N ATLANTIC AREA,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 50 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 66 IS 12 BP 7168 EP 7175 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA JY710 UT WOS:A1992JY71000040 PM 1331517 ER PT J AU JESSUP, DA MILLER, RE BOLIN, CA KOCK, MD MORKEL, P AF JESSUP, DA MILLER, RE BOLIN, CA KOCK, MD MORKEL, P TI RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN FREE-RANGING AND CAPTIVE BLACK RHINOCEROSES (DICEROS-BICORNIS) BY MICROSCOPIC AGGLUTINATION TITERS AND FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY TESTING SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE LEPTOSPIROSIS; LEPTOSPIRA-INTERROGANS; MICROSCOPIC AGGLUTINATION; BLACK RHINOCEROS; DICEROS-BICORNIS; ZAMBEZI VALLEY; ZIMBABWE; DAMARALAND; NAMIBIA ID HEMOLYTIC-ANEMIA AB To determine exposure of wild and captive black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) to Leptospira interrogans and to investigate the role of leptospirosis in cases of hemolytic anemia seen in captive black rhinoceroses, serum samples from 63 free-ranging and 29 captive black rhinoceroses were tested for antibodies against L. interrogans. A microscopic agglutination test was used to detect antibodies against eight serovars. Free-ranging black rhinoceroses had low levels of antibody against various serovars of L. interrogans tested. The incidence of antibodies and the serovars involved varied in rhinoceroses captured in different geographic and ecological areas. Serum was tested from nonvaccinated captive rhinoceroses and from those that had been vaccinated with a pentavalent leptospiral vaccine. Leptospiral titers in nonvaccinated captive rhinoceroses were generally low, even in rhinoceroses that had survived or been exposed to mild episodes of hemolytic anemia. Postvaccination titer responses were similar to those expected in domestic species. Biannual vaccination with a leptospiral vaccine is recommended. To further investigate the role of leptospirosis in hemolytic anemia, a fluorescent antibody test was done on frozen liver tissue from eight captive black rhinoceroses (four of eight animals died of acute hemolytic anemia) to detect the presence of L. interrogans. Leptospires were detected in the liver of three of four black rhinoceroses that died of hemolytic anemia and in another rhinoceros that died of complications of ulcerative skin disease. C1 ST LOUIS ZOO,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. NATL ANIM DIS CTR,USDA ARS,LEPTOSPIROSIS MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. DEPT NATL PARKS & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,HARARE,ZIMBABWE. ETOSHA ECOL INST,DEPT NAT CONSERVAT,OUTJO,NAMIBIA. RP JESSUP, DA (reprint author), INT WILDLIFE VET SERV,1850 N MAIN ST,SALINAS,CA 93906, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 23 IS 4 BP 401 EP 408 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KE236 UT WOS:A1992KE23600002 ER PT J AU ALLEN, PC AF ALLEN, PC TI COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF LONG, SEGMENTED, FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS IN CHICKENS AND MICE SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MURINE AB No transmission of long, segmented, filamentous organisms (LSFO) from a laboratory mouse strain (Mus musculus) to a domestic broiler chicken strain (Gallus domesticus) occurred by oral dosing with mouse mucosal and fecal preparations, even in hydrocortisone-treated chicks. Transmission of chicken LSFO to laboratory mice was attempted, but the results were confounded by the mice having been already infected with LSFO. However, the morphologic characteristics of the LSFO in the dosed mice suggested that transmission of chick LSFO did not occur. Mouse LSFO, as detected in carbol thionin-stained mucosal smears, are generally wider, longer, and have slightly different morphologic characteristics than chicken LSFO. The results of these studies suggest that the LSFO in mice and chickens may be two distinct species. RP ALLEN, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,BLDG 1040,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CORDOVA PA 70 TIMBERCREEK DR, SUITE 5, CORDOVA, TN 38018 SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 42 IS 6 BP 542 EP 547 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA KE139 UT WOS:A1992KE13900002 PM 1479803 ER PT J AU KAHLON, TS SHORE, VG LINDGREN, FT AF KAHLON, TS SHORE, VG LINDGREN, FT TI HETEROGENEITY OF MOLECULAR-WEIGHT AND APOLIPOPROTEINS IN LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS OF HEALTHY-HUMAN MALES SO LIPIDS LA English DT Note ID AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; HUMAN-PLASMA; B GENE; HYPOBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA; ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; SUBFRACTIONS; DOMAINS; BINDING; CDNA AB The molecular weights of five low density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions from four normal healthy males were determined by analytic ultracentrifuge sedimentation equilibria. Protein content of each subfraction was determined by elemental CHN analysis, and weights of apoprotein peptides were calculated. Molecular weights in subfractions of increasing density were 2.92 +/- 0.26, 2.94 +/- 0.12, 2.68 +/- 0.09, 2.68 +/- 0.28 and 2.23 +/- 0.22 million Da, and protein weight percentages were 21.05, 21.04, 22.05, 23.10 and 29.10, in subfractions 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Total mean apoprotein weights for respective subfractions were 614 +/- 53, 621 +/- 45, 588 +/- 9, 637 +/- 83 and 645 +/- 62 KDa. In addition to a single apoprotein B-100 (apo B-100) peptide with a mean carbohydrate content of 7.1% and a molecular weight of 550 KDa per LDL particle, there may be one or more apoprotein E peptides of 34 KDa and/or apoprotein C-III of 9 KDa. In addition, subfractions 4 and 5 may contain 3-7% apolipoprotein (a). There is considerable heterogeneity among LDL subfractions as well as within the same fraction from different individuals. This heterogeneity may relate to differences in origin, metabolism and/or atherogenicity as a result of their content of apoproteins other than apo B-100. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DONNER LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP KAHLON, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD DEC PY 1992 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1055 EP 1057 DI 10.1007/BF02535588 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA KE209 UT WOS:A1992KE20900020 PM 1487953 ER PT J AU SPEISER, DM ORTIZ, DF KREPPEL, L SCHEEL, G MCDONALD, G OW, DW AF SPEISER, DM ORTIZ, DF KREPPEL, L SCHEEL, G MCDONALD, G OW, DW TI PURINE BIOSYNTHETIC GENES ARE REQUIRED FOR CADMIUM TOLERANCE IN SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENCODING ADENYLOSUCCINATE SYNTHETASE; METAL-BINDING PEPTIDES; FISSION YEAST; CANDIDA-GLABRATA; HEAVY-METALS; CADYSTIN-A; PHYTOCHELATINS; METALLOTHIONEIN; SEQUENCE; CLONING AB Phytochelatins (PCs) are metal-chelating peptides produced in plants and some fungi in response to heavy metal exposure. A Cd-sensitive mutant of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, defective in production of a PC-Cd-sulfide complex essential for metal tolerance, was found to harbor mutations in specific genes of the purine biosynthetic pathway. Genetic analysis of the link between metal complex accumulation and purine biosynthesis enzymes revealed that genetic lesions blocking two segments of the pathway, before and after the IMP branchpoint, are required to produce the Cd-sensitive phenotype. The biochemical functions of these two segments of the pathway are similar, and a model based on the alternate use of a sulfur analog substrate is presented. The novel participation of purine biosynthesis enzymes in the conversion of the PC-Cd complex to the PC-Cd-sulfide complex in the fission yeast raises an intriguing possibility that these same enzymes might have a role in sulfur metabolism in the fission yeast S. pombe, and perhaps in other biological systems. C1 USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 43 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 12 IS 12 BP 5301 EP 5310 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA JZ258 UT WOS:A1992JZ25800003 PM 1448066 ER PT J AU BURDON, TG WALL, RJ AF BURDON, TG WALL, RJ TI FATE OF MICROINJECTED GENES IN PREIMPLANTATION MOUSE EMBRYOS SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE TRANSGENIC ANIMALS; DNA METHYLATION; CONCATEMER FORMATION; MOSAICISM ID TRANSGENIC MICE; DNA-REPLICATION; EXPRESSION AB The state of genes microinjected into mouse embryos was followed from the one-cell to the blastocyst stage using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Microinjected DNA was detected in all one-, two-, and four-cell injected embryos and in 44% of morula and 26% of blastocysts. Head-to-tail ligation of microinjected genes, a common feature of stably integrated transgene arrays, was detected in all embryos after injection of microinjected genes and occurred irrespective of the structure at the ends of the injected genes. Sensitivity of microinjected DNA to a methylation-dependent restriction endonuclease Dpn I was lost in all embryos by the two-cell stage (24 hr), indicating a change in DNA methylation, independent of transgene integration. Dissociation of blastomeres prior to compaction revealed a mosaic distribution of the microinjected DNA within the embryo and supports the notion that injected genes form a limited number of arrays, which segregate independently until they integrate into the genome or are degraded. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BLDG 200,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 26 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 33 IS 4 BP 436 EP 442 DI 10.1002/mrd.1080330410 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA KA308 UT WOS:A1992KA30800009 PM 1472374 ER PT J AU MORKEBERG, JC SHENG, HP MERSMANN, HJ AF MORKEBERG, JC SHENG, HP MERSMANN, HJ TI DIFFERENCES IN ENERGY-INTAKE AFFECT BODY-COMPOSITION AND ADIPOSE-TISSUE ACCRETION IN YOUNG GROWING PIGLETS SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ADIPOSE TISSUE; BODY COMPOSITION; ENERGY METABOLISM; GROWTH ID SMALL FAT-CELLS; SIZE; CELLULARITY; GROWTH; NUMBER; METABOLISM; INFANTS; RATS AB From d 7 to d 32 of age, piglets were fed one of three diets that varied in energy content: LE, lowest; IE, intermediate; and HE, highest. The protein, vitamin and mineral content was constant, the fat content varied, and the amount fed was on a body-weight basis. Body fat, adipose tissue fat and adipocyte size were proportional to energy intake. Adipocyte distribution was bimodal at d 32; cells < 25 mum in diameter represented 60% of the total in the LE group and 40% in the IE and HE groups. Composition of the body fat-free mass did not differ. Pigs from all three dietary groups were fed a high-energy diet from d 32 to d 57. At d 57, pigs from the LE group had larger adipocytes than pigs from the IE and HE groups. Adipocyte distribution appeared trimodal in all groups at d 57; cells < 25 mum in diameter represented < 40 % of the total. The number of cells > 25 mum was larger in the LE than in the IE and HE groups. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1503 EP 1516 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80191-5 PG 14 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KA776 UT WOS:A1992KA77600008 ER PT J AU SCHEDL, HP WILSON, HD HORST, RL CHRISTENSEN, K BROWN, K AF SCHEDL, HP WILSON, HD HORST, RL CHRISTENSEN, K BROWN, K TI GLUTATHIONE EFFECTS ON VITAMIN-D METABOLISM IN CONTROL AND STREPTOZOTOCIN DIABETIC RAT SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GLUTATHIONE; 1,25-DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL; REDOX ENZYME SYSTEM ID PARATHYROID-HORMONE; OXIDATIVE INJURY; TRANSPORT; INSULIN; INTESTINE; MEMBRANE; CELLS AB The circulating concentration of 1,25-dihydroxychole-calciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] is a physiologic index of enzymatic activity of the renal 1alpha-hydroxylase of 25-hydroxychole-calciferol (25-OH-D3). Hydroxylation of 25-OH-D3 and circulating 1,25-(OH)2D3 are decreased in the streptozotocin diabetic rat. We previously found that activity of another redox enzyme system, cytosolic superoxide dismutase, also decreased in streptozotocin diabetes, can be restored by treatment with glutathione. In the present experiment we tested the effect of glutathione treatment on vitamin D metabolism in control and diabetic rats. Enteral glutathione increased circulating 1,25-(OH)2D3 and decreased 25-OH-D3 in both control and diabetic animals. These results suggest that exogenous glutathione increases 25-OH-D3 1alpha-hydroxylation both under basal conditions in the normal animal and in diabetes-induced depression. C1 VET ADM MED CTR,GASTROENTEROL HEPATOL RES LABS,IOWA CITY,IA 52240. UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. USDA,NATL ANIM DIS LABS,AMES,IA 50010. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1541 EP 1547 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80194-0 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KA776 UT WOS:A1992KA77600011 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, IH AF ROSENBERG, IH TI NUTRITION IN THE ELDERLY SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 TUFTS UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP ROSENBERG, IH (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,MEDFORD,MA 02155, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 50 IS 12 BP 349 EP 350 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KF735 UT WOS:A1992KF73500002 PM 1488163 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, RM AF RUSSELL, RM TI MICRONUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF THE ELDERLY SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PROTEIN-BOUND VITAMIN-B12; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ATROPHIC GASTRITIS; HUMAN-SKIN; SUPPLEMENTATION; MALABSORPTION; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; DEFICIENCY; SECONDARY; ADULTS C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP RUSSELL, RM (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD DEC PY 1992 VL 50 IS 12 BP 463 EP 466 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KF735 UT WOS:A1992KF73500029 PM 1488190 ER EF