FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU LURE, MD FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG AF LURE, MD FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG TI EVIDENCE OF A COPPER X CARBOHYDRATE X PROTEIN-INTERACTION IN WEANLING RATS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BHNRC,CNL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A297 EP A297 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401718 ER PT J AU LYU, LC SHIEH, MJ POSNER, BM CUPPLES, LA LICHTENSTEIN, AH WILSON, PWF SCHAEFER, EJ AF LYU, LC SHIEH, MJ POSNER, BM CUPPLES, LA LICHTENSTEIN, AH WILSON, PWF SCHAEFER, EJ TI CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONS BETWEEN CHINESE AND AMERICAN POPULATIONS - NUTRIENT INTAKES, OBESITY, LIPOPROTEINS, AND APOLIPOPROTEINS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TAIPEI MED COLL,TAIPEI,TAIWAN. BOSTON UNIV,SCH PH,BOSTON,MA 02215. TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRC,FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A203 EP A203 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401172 ER PT J AU MAKDANI, D HEGAR, A RAO, D SMITH, JC AF MAKDANI, D HEGAR, A RAO, D SMITH, JC TI VITAMIN-A AND ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION OF BELIZE CHILDREN WITH SUBOPTIMAL STATUS OF THESE NUTRIENTS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LINCOLN UNIV,JEFFERSON CITY,MO 65102. BELIZE GOVT HOSP,BELIZE,GUATEMALA. USDA,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A86 EP A86 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400493 ER PT J AU MARTIN, A MEYDANI, M RIBAYAMERCADO, J GONG, J RUSSELL, R BLUMBERG, J AF MARTIN, A MEYDANI, M RIBAYAMERCADO, J GONG, J RUSSELL, R BLUMBERG, J TI BETA-CAROTENE SUPPLEMENTATION INCREASES ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF PLASMA FROM OLDER SUBJECTS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,ANTIOXIDANT RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A276 EP A276 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401597 ER PT J AU MATZ, JM BODE, AM ROTH, P SAARI, JT AF MATZ, JM BODE, AM ROTH, P SAARI, JT TI EVIDENCE FOR ALTERED MITOCHONDRIAL ATPASE IN HEARTS OF COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N DAKOTA,DEPT PHYSIOL,GRAND FORKS,ND 58201. USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A300 EP A300 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401738 ER PT J AU MCWHINNEY, V POND, W MERSMANN, H AF MCWHINNEY, V POND, W MERSMANN, H TI ONTOGENY OF 3-HYDROXYL-3-METHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASE IN PIG-LIVER AND INTESTINE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. PRAIRIE VIEW A&M UNIV,PRAIRIE VIEW,TX 77446. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A64 EP A64 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400364 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, M MEYDANI, SN LEKA, L GONG, J BLUMBERG, JB AF MEYDANI, M MEYDANI, SN LEKA, L GONG, J BLUMBERG, JB TI EFFECT OF LONG-TERM VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION ON LIPID-PEROXIDATION AND IMMUNE-RESPONSES OF YOUNG AND OLD SUBJECTS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A415 EP A415 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97402398 ER PT J AU MICHAELIS, OE ABRAHAM, AA HANSEN, CT SCHOLFIELD, DJ STRIFFLER, JS VELASQUEZ, MT AF MICHAELIS, OE ABRAHAM, AA HANSEN, CT SCHOLFIELD, DJ STRIFFLER, JS VELASQUEZ, MT TI DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW STRAIN OF OBESE HYPERINSULINEMIC SALT-SENSITIVE RAT SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. NIH,VET RES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A270 EP A270 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401564 ER PT J AU MILNE, DB NIELSEN, FH AF MILNE, DB NIELSEN, FH TI MAGNESIUM DEPRIVATION IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN - EFFECT OF MARGINAL INTAKES ON MAGNESIUM (MG) AND CALCIUM (CA) STATUS INDICATORS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A509 EP A509 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97402950 ER PT J AU MONTANDON, CM MOTIL, KJ AF MONTANDON, CM MOTIL, KJ TI DIETARY-INTAKE OF LACTATING WOMEN SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A155 EP A155 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400897 ER PT J AU MORRIS, ER HILL, AD AF MORRIS, ER HILL, AD TI INOSITOL TRIPHOSPHATE, TETRAPHOSPHATE, PENTAPHOSPHATE, AND HEXAPHOSPHATE (PHYTATE) AND CA, MG AND ZN CONTENTS OF SELECTED BREAKFAST CEREALS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BHNRC,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A306 EP A306 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401774 ER PT J AU MORRIS, VC AGER, AL FONTELA, R LEVANDER, OA AF MORRIS, VC AGER, AL FONTELA, R LEVANDER, OA TI RELATIVE ABILITIES OF PROBUCOL (PL), THIOCTIC ACID (TA), AND ASCORBYL PALMITATE (AP) TO BLOCK THE ANTIMALARIAL ACTION OF MENHADEN OIL (MO) FED TO VITAMIN-E-DEFICIENT (-VE) MICE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MIAMI,CTR TROP PARASIT DIS,MIAMI,FL 33177. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A151 EP A151 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400874 ER PT J AU MOTIL, KJ KERTZ, B LLAURADOR, M MONTANDON, CM DAVIS, T REEDS, PJ KLEIN, PD AF MOTIL, KJ KERTZ, B LLAURADOR, M MONTANDON, CM DAVIS, T REEDS, PJ KLEIN, PD TI LEUCINE OXIDATION IN LACTATING WOMEN ADAPTS RAPIDLY TO VARIABLE PROTEIN INTAKES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A156 EP A156 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400898 ER PT J AU MUST, A CROWDER, T LIFRAK, S RUSH, D AF MUST, A CROWDER, T LIFRAK, S RUSH, D TI CHANGES IN DIETARY-COMPOSITION AND ANTHROPOMETRY OVER ONE YEAR IN WEST-POINT CADETS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A80 EP A80 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400460 ER PT J AU NIELSEN, FH POELLOT, RA AF NIELSEN, FH POELLOT, RA TI CHANGES IN RESTING AND ACTIVATED PLATELET [CA2+](I) IN RESPONSE TO BORON DEPRIVATION SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A204 EP A204 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401178 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, KY RUBIN, MA MOSERVEILLON, PB VEILLON, C AF PATTERSON, KY RUBIN, MA MOSERVEILLON, PB VEILLON, C TI THE DETERMINATION OF NATURAL AND ISOTOPICALLY ENRICHED CHROMIUM IN URINE BY ISOTOPE-DILUTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,BHNRC,VITAMIN MINERAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HUMAN NUTR & FOOD SYST,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A279 EP A279 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401613 ER PT J AU PEKAS, JC AF PEKAS, JC TI ASSOCIATION OF CHOLECYSTOKININ (CCK) ANTISERA WITH FOOD-INTAKE IN SWINE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A206 EP A206 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401186 ER PT J AU PENLAND, JG HUNT, JR AF PENLAND, JG HUNT, JR TI NUTRITIONAL-STATUS AND MENSTRUAL-RELATED SYMPTOMATOLOGY SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A379 EP A379 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97402189 ER PT J AU POELLOT, RA UTHUS, EO AF POELLOT, RA UTHUS, EO TI EFFECT OF FOLATE STATUS ON NICKEL DEPRIVATION IN RATS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A79 EP A79 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400453 ER PT J AU POLANSKY, MM BRYDEN, NA ANDERSON, RA AF POLANSKY, MM BRYDEN, NA ANDERSON, RA TI EFFECTS OF FORM OF CHROMIUM ON CHROMIUM ABSORPTION SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,BHNRC,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A77 EP A77 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400443 ER PT J AU QUINN, KE FLEET, JC WOOD, RJ AF QUINN, KE FLEET, JC WOOD, RJ TI CALCIUM-TRANSPORT FAVORS NET MUCOSAL TO SEROSAL MOVEMENT IN CACO-2 CELLS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,MINERAL BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A87 EP A87 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400498 ER PT J AU REEVES, PG ROSSOW, KL SKINNER, BK AF REEVES, PG ROSSOW, KL SKINNER, BK TI EFFECTS OF HIGH DIETARY ZN AND CD ON CU STATUS IN RATS - RELATIONSHIP TO INTESTINAL METALLOTHIONEIN (IMT) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A305 EP A305 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401768 ER PT J AU RIDDICK, H AF RIDDICK, H TI BODY-MASS INDEX, TELEVISION VIEWING, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AND DIET OF FEMALES AGE 20 TO 49 IN USDAS 1989 CONTINUING SURVEY OF FOOD INTAKES BY INDIVIDUALS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A410 EP A410 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97402372 ER PT J AU RITCHIE, LD KING, JC FUNG, EB VANLOAN, MD CANN, CE AF RITCHIE, LD KING, JC FUNG, EB VANLOAN, MD CANN, CE TI PREGNANCY AND LACTATION CAUSE SPINAL BONE-MINERAL LOSS IN HUMANS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A67 EP A67 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400383 ER PT J AU RUSH, D LUMEY, LH RAVELLI, LH MYERS, B AF RUSH, D LUMEY, LH RAVELLI, LH MYERS, B TI PERIMENOPAUSAL WEIGHT IS NEGATIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH HAVING BREAST FED - THE ASSOCIATION APPEARS TO BE INDIRECT SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV AMSTERDAM,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A81 EP A81 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400464 ER PT J AU SAARI, JT BODE, AM AF SAARI, JT BODE, AM TI DOES NONENZYMATIC GLYCOSYLATION CONTRIBUTE TO DEFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH DIETARY COPPER DEFICIENCY SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. UNIV N DAKOTA,DEPT PHYSIOL,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A410 EP A410 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97402371 ER PT J AU SARVAZYAN, N WANG, Y ORLOWSKI, E ASKARI, A KLEVAY, LM HUANG, WH AF SARVAZYAN, N WANG, Y ORLOWSKI, E ASKARI, A KLEVAY, LM HUANG, WH TI SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE (SOD) AND H2O2-INDUCED INJURY IN CARDIAC MYOCYTES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MED COLL OHIO,DEPT PHARMACOL,TOLEDO,OH 43699. MED COLL OHIO,DEPT SURG,TOLEDO,OH 43699. USDA ARS,ANAT RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A103 EP A103 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400592 ER PT J AU SCHELKOPH, GM KATO, N SAARI, JT AF SCHELKOPH, GM KATO, N SAARI, JT TI INVESTIGATION OF CYSTINE AS AN OXIDATIVE STRESSOR IN DIETARY COPPER (CU) DEFICIENCY SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. HIROSHIMA UNIV,FAC APPL SCI,HIROSHIMA 730,JAPAN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A298 EP A298 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401727 ER PT J AU SCOTT, KC TURNLUND, JR AF SCOTT, KC TURNLUND, JR TI COMPARTMENTAL MODEL OF MOLYBDENUM (MO) METABOLISM IN ADULT MEN FED 5 LEVELS OF MO SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A288 EP A288 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401667 ER PT J AU SEABORN, CD NIELSEN, FH AF SEABORN, CD NIELSEN, FH TI RESPONSE-SURFACE ANALYSIS OF BONE-COMPOSITION CHANGES CAUSED BY DIETARY CALCIUM AND SILICON SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A77 EP A77 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400445 ER PT J AU SERFATYLACROSNIERE, C VOYTKO, D CARY, EE SCHWARTZ, R WOOD, RJ AF SERFATYLACROSNIERE, C VOYTKO, D CARY, EE SCHWARTZ, R WOOD, RJ TI INTESTINAL MAGNESIUM ABSORPTION IN YOUNG AND ELDERLY WOMEN USING A STABLE ISOTOPE ABSORPTION TEST SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA,PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A510 EP A510 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97402951 ER PT J AU SERGEANT, S JOHNSON, WT AF SERGEANT, S JOHNSON, WT TI HL-60 CELLS AS A CELL-CULTURE MODEL OF FUNCTIONAL COPPER (CU) DEFICIENCY SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A299 EP A299 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401730 ER PT J AU SHANE, J WALKER, P EMKEN, E AF SHANE, J WALKER, P EMKEN, E TI CANOLA OIL AND SOYBEAN OIL SUPPLEMENTATION OF A MIXED FAT CONTROL DIET LOWERS SERUM-LIPIDS IN WOMEN SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,NORMAL,IL 61761. USDA,NCAUR,PEORIA,IL 61601. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A84 EP A84 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400482 ER PT J AU SOKOLL, LJ CAMILO, ME SADOWSKI, JA AF SOKOLL, LJ CAMILO, ME SADOWSKI, JA TI USE OF SERUM OSTEOCALCIN (OC) CONCENTRATIONS AS A MEASURE OF VITAMIN-K NUTRITIONAL-STATUS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A287 EP A287 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401661 ER PT J AU STUFF, JE ABRAMS, SA AF STUFF, JE ABRAMS, SA TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CALCIUM INTAKE AND CALCIUM-ABSORPTION OR CALCIUM RETENTION IN GIRLS, AGED 5 TO 16 YEARS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A308 EP A308 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401784 ER PT J AU SZEPESI, B MICHAELIS, OE HANSEN, CT AF SZEPESI, B MICHAELIS, OE HANSEN, CT TI VERY SEVERE DIABETES IN A SUBSTRAIN OF WKY/N-CP MALE-RAT SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NIH,VET RES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A270 EP A270 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401567 ER PT J AU TUCKER, K JACQUES, P MAHNKEN, B WILSON, P RUSH, D AF TUCKER, K JACQUES, P MAHNKEN, B WILSON, P RUSH, D TI PATTERNS OF FOOD AND NUTRIENT INTAKE AMONG ELDERLY PARTICIPANTS IN THE FRAMINGHAM-HEART-STUDY SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RECH INST,BOSTON,MA 02111. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A202 EP A202 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401165 ER PT J AU TURNLUND, JR KEYES, WR PEIFFER, GL AF TURNLUND, JR KEYES, WR PEIFFER, GL TI ABSORPTION, RETENTION, AND EXCRETION OF A STABLE ISOTOPE OF MOLYBDENUM IN YOUNG MEN DURING MOLYBDENUM DEPLETION AND REPLETION SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A279 EP A279 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401616 ER PT J AU UTHUS, EO AF UTHUS, EO TI GENDER AFFECTS THE RESPONSE TO ARSENIC DEPRIVATION IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A79 EP A79 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400456 ER PT J AU VEILLON, C PATTERSON, KY TEHAN, AM NAGEY, DA AF VEILLON, C PATTERSON, KY TEHAN, AM NAGEY, DA TI BLOOD-VOLUME IN HUMANS USING STABLE ISOTOPE-DILUTION WITH CR-53 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A279 EP A279 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401615 ER PT J AU WANG, XD KRINSKY, NI RUSSELL, RM AF WANG, XD KRINSKY, NI RUSSELL, RM TI RETINOIC ACID (RA) INHIBITS RETINOL (ROL) OXIDATION AND STIMULATES RETINOL ESTERIFICATION IN FERRET LIVER SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,BOSTON,MA 02111. USDA,HUM NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A511 EP A511 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97402957 ER PT J AU WANG, Y SARVAZYAN, N ASKARI, A KLEVAY, LM HUANG, WH AF WANG, Y SARVAZYAN, N ASKARI, A KLEVAY, LM HUANG, WH TI SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE (SOD) AND SODIUM-PUMP ISOFORMS IN COPPER DEFICIENT RAT HEARTS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MED COLL OHIO,DEPT PHARMACOL,TOLEDO,OH 43699. MED COLL OHIO,DEPT SURG,TOLEDO,OH 43699. USDA ARS,ANAT RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A103 EP A103 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400590 ER PT J AU WATKINS, BA SHEN, CL LIM, SS BURGESS, J XU, H MCMURTRY, J AF WATKINS, BA SHEN, CL LIM, SS BURGESS, J XU, H MCMURTRY, J TI DIETARY N-3 PUFA ELEVATED 20/5N3 IN BONE POLAR LIPIDS AND PLASMA IGF-I LEVELS IN CHICKS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT FOODS & NUTR,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A150 EP A150 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400870 ER PT J AU WERMAN, MJ BHATHENA, SJ AF WERMAN, MJ BHATHENA, SJ TI GENDER AND DIETARY COPPER AFFECT HEPATIC FRUCTOSE METABOLIZING ENZYMES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BHNRC,CNL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A297 EP A297 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401719 ER PT J AU WILEY, ER VESTAL, JH MOE, PW AF WILEY, ER VESTAL, JH MOE, PW TI ENERGY-EXPENDITURE AND LEAN BODY-MASS IN WEIGHT CYCLED ADULT-RATS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BHNRC,ENERGY & PROT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A91 EP A91 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400520 ER PT J AU WILSON, PWF DALLAL, GE ROUBENOFF, R AF WILSON, PWF DALLAL, GE ROUBENOFF, R TI THE BODY-MASS INDEX (BMI, KG/M(2)) IS NOT LINEARLY RELATED TO FATNESS AND THIS RELATION IS FURTHER ALTERED WITH ADVANCING AGE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA 01701. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A203 EP A203 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401168 ER PT J AU WU, D MEYDANI, SN HAYEK, M VESPA, D WEINER, E HUTH, P NICOLOSI, RJ AF WU, D MEYDANI, SN HAYEK, M VESPA, D WEINER, E HUTH, P NICOLOSI, RJ TI IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF (N-3) POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS (PUFA) IN NONHUMAN-PRIMATES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A73 EP A73 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400421 ER PT J AU ZHENG, J MASON, JB ROSENBERG, IH WOOD, RJ AF ZHENG, J MASON, JB ROSENBERG, IH WOOD, RJ TI LOW ZINC BIOAVAILABILITY IN HUMANS FROM A READY-TO-EAT HIGH-FIBER BREAKFAST CEREAL SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA HNRCA,MINERAL BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A306 EP A306 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401770 ER PT J AU BEATTIE, JH RICHARDS, MP SELF, R AF BEATTIE, JH RICHARDS, MP SELF, R TI SEPARATION OF METALLOTHIONEIN ISOFORMS BY CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID HEMOGLOBIN AFFINITY ASSAY; LIVER METALLOTHIONEIN; SATURATION METHOD; PROTEINS; PEPTIDES; TISSUES AB The potential of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) for the analysis of metallothionein (MT) isoforms was investigated. CZE was performed using two different systems, (1) a laboratory-constructed instrument with an ISCO UV detector and (2) a Waters Quanta 4000 system. Capillaries were of 75 pm I.D. x ca. 1 m in length and loading times were up to 40 s by gravity or 4 s by electrokinetic migration at 30 kV. Samples were dissolved in 10 mM Tris-HCI buffer, pH 9.1, and electrophoresis was performed at 30 kV using a 50 mM Tris-HCI, pH 9.1 running buffer. Detection was by UV absorbance at 185 or 214 nm. Purified and semipurified MT samples were analysed for qualitative assessment of purity, relative isoform abundance and separation characteristics of MT from different species. As progress towards the development of a quantitative assay, the linearity of calibration curves and simple methods of sample preparation for analysis by CZE were investigated. Complete separation of a mixture of the two major MT isoforms was achieved in less than 5 min and the technique was found to be very useful for qualitative analysis of MT. Using a rabbit liver MT standard (500 mug/ml-1), a linear relationship was found between the gravity load time and the integrated peak area. Standard calibration curves were also linear and the detection limit for both CZE instruments under our separation conditions was 1-10 mug MT ml-1. The successful use of two solvent ''traction procedures for tissue samples demonstrated the potential of CZE for routine quantitative analysis of MT. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. ROWETT RES INST,DIV SERV,BUCKSBURN AB2 9SB,ABERDEEN,SCOTLAND. RP BEATTIE, JH (reprint author), ROWETT RES INST,DIV BIOCHEM SCI,BUCKSBURN AB2 9SB,ABERDEEN,SCOTLAND. NR 24 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 632 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 135 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80035-7 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KN834 UT WOS:A1993KN83400017 PM 8454714 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, WT DUFAULT, SN AF JOHNSON, WT DUFAULT, SN TI INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM MOBILIZATION IN RAT PLATELETS IS ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY COPPER DEFICIENCY SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE PLATELET; CYTOSOLIC CALCIUM; COPPER DEFICIENCY; THROMBIN; FURA-2; (RAT) ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; CA-2+ TRANSPORT-SYSTEMS; ACTIVATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; SECRETION; ACTIN; ORGANIZATION; FLUORESCENCE; SIGNAL; PLASMA AB The influence of copper deficiency on the mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores following ionomycin treatment or thrombin activation of rat platelets was examined using the fluorescent indicator, fura-2, to measure changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Platelets, obtained from copper-deficient and control rats and loaded with fura-2, were suspended in medium containing 1 mM EGTA and no added Ca2+. The size of the internal Ca 2 + pools in the suspended platelets was estimated from the rise in [Ca2+]i following maximal discharge of stored Ca 2 +by treatment with 1 muM ionomycin. Peak [Ca2+]i following ionomycin treatment was lower in platelets from copper-deficient rats compared to control rats (148 +/- 27 nM vs. 188 +/- 17 nM), suggesting that the size of the Ca2+ storage pools was decreased by copper deficiency. Furthermore, once internal Ca2+ stores were discharged by ionomycin, [Ca2+]i remained elevated in platelets from copper-deficient rats, but decreased in control rats. These data indicate that copper deficiency may inhibit the efflux of Ca2+ from platelets after its release from internal stores by ionomycin treatment. In platelets from copper-deficient and control rats, stimulation with 0.1 U/ml thrombin led to rapid rise followed by a slow decay in [Ca2+]i. However, peak [Ca2+]i was lower in platelets from copper-deficient rats than in control rats (94 +/- 19 nM vs. 131 +/- 16 nM). These findings imply that by reducing the amount of Ca2+ available for release from intracellular stores, copper deficiency also reduces [Ca2+]i following thrombin activation in the absence of external Ca2+. RP JOHNSON, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS,GFHNRC,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3002 J9 BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA PD FEB 17 PY 1993 VL 1175 IS 3 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.1016/0167-4889(93)90215-B PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA KN614 UT WOS:A1993KN61400004 PM 8435442 ER PT J AU SHIH, DM WALL, RJ SHAPIRO, SG AF SHIH, DM WALL, RJ SHAPIRO, SG TI A 5' CONTROL REGION OF THE HUMAN EPSILON-GLOBIN GENE IS SUFFICIENT FOR EMBRYONIC SPECIFICITY IN TRANSGENIC MICE SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID G-GAMMA-GLOBIN; GREEK HEREDITARY PERSISTENCE; LOCUS ACTIVATION REGION; ERYTHROID-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; STAGE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; BETA-GLOBIN; FETAL HEMOGLOBIN; DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION; HYPERSENSITIVE SITE; 5'-FLANKING REGION AB When introduced as part of DNA constructions containing the human beta-globin locus control region (LCR), the human embryonic beta-globin gene, epsilon, is expressed in primitive but not definitive erythroid cells of recipient transgenic mice. In contrast to this pattern, the hu an fetal, beta-globin gene, gamma, has been shown to be expressed in both primitive and definitive erythroid cells of transgenic mice when introduced in similar LCR-containing constructions. To begin to identify the minimal sequence(s) necessary for the epsilon expression pattern, we have fused a DNA fragment that contains the human epsilon-globin gene promoter region, and 13.7-kilobase (kb) of contiguous upstream flanking sequence containing super-hypersensitive (HS) sites 5'HS-2 and 5'HS-1 of the globin LCR, to the structural portion and near 3'-flanking region of the human gamma-globin gene. This construction, and one containing an intact human gamma-globin gene with the same 3'-flanking sequence and 383 base pairs of 5'-flanking sequence linked to LCR DNA from -0.86 to -13.7 kb upstream of epsilon, were each microinjected to produce transgenic mice. While the construction containing the intact gamma-globin gene is transcriptionally active in primitive and definitive erythroid cells of the transgenic mice, the fusion construction, in which the gamma-globin gene promoter and promoter proximal region is essentially replaced by that of epsilon, is not active in definitive erythroid cells and expresses with the same pattern as an intact epsilon gene. These results indicate that the promoter and near 5'-flanking region of epsilon, when linked to the LCR, is sufficient for embryonic-specific expression in transgenic mice. The level of expression of the fusion construction in primitive erythroid cells of transgenic mice is similar to that previously observed for the intact epsilon gene when identically cloned. This suggests that the epsilon 5'-region of the fusion construction also contains all the sequence necessary for the LCR-dependent activation of epsilon in transgenic mice. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ZOOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,PROGRAM MOLEC & CELL BIOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 15 PY 1993 VL 268 IS 5 BP 3066 EP 3071 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA KM161 UT WOS:A1993KM16100012 PM 8428985 ER PT J AU MANSFIELD, LS GAMBLE, HR BAKER, JS LICHTENFELS, JR AF MANSFIELD, LS GAMBLE, HR BAKER, JS LICHTENFELS, JR TI LUNGWORM INFECTION IN A SHEEP FLOCK IN MARYLAND SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB First-stage larvae of Protostrongylus rufescens were detected in the feces of a ram with diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss, and mucopurulent nasal discharge. Subsequently, a survey was initiated in the experimental sheep flocks maintained at the Agricultural Research Service's Helminthic Diseases Laboratory in Beltsville, Md to determine the extent and effect of infection with the parasite. Five of 31 ewes and 4 of 16 rams were found to be infected with the lung-worm. Clinical signs of infection, which ranged from mild to severe, included diarrhea, weight loss, and respiratory distress. Natural transmission of the parasite to parasite-naive lambs grazing on pasture occurred during the course of this study. Three lambs born to infected ewes during this study were not infected, suggesting that there is no vertical transmission. Additionally, cattle grazing the same pastures as infected sheep were not infected with the parasite. Results of this study indicated that Protostrongylus rufescens can cause serious disease in domestic sheep in the United States and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in sheep with nonspecific respiratory tract signs. RP MANSFIELD, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HELMINTH DIS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Mansfield, Linda S./0000-0002-7523-7577 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 15 PY 1993 VL 202 IS 4 BP 601 EP 606 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KL851 UT WOS:A1993KL85100014 PM 8449799 ER PT J AU GUPTA, AS HEINEN, JL HOLADAY, AS BURKE, JJ ALLEN, RD AF GUPTA, AS HEINEN, JL HOLADAY, AS BURKE, JJ ALLEN, RD TI INCREASED RESISTANCE TO OXIDATIVE STRESS IN TRANSGENIC PLANTS THAT OVEREXPRESS CHLOROPLASTIC CU/ZN SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE TOBACCO; PHOTOINHIBITION; METHYL VIOLOGEN ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXYGEN-TOXICITY; PHOTOINHIBITION; LIGHT; RADICALS; DAMAGE; CDNAS; PEA AB Transgenic tobacco plants that express a chimeric gene that encodes chloroplast-localized Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) from pea have been developed. To investigate whether increased expression of chloroplast-targeted SOD could alter the resistance of photosynthesis to environmental stress, these plants were subjected to chilling temperatures and moderate (500 mumol of quanta per m2 per s) or high (1500 mumol of quanta per m2 per s) light intensity. During exposure to moderate stress, transgenic SOD plants retained rates of photosynthesis almost-equal-to 20% higher than untransformed tobacco plants, implicating active oxygen species in the reduction of photosynthesis during chilling. Unlike untransformed plants, transgenic SOD plants were capable of maintaining nearly 90% of their photosynthetic capacity (determined by their photosynthetic rates at 25-degrees-C) following exposure to chilling at high light intensity for 4 hr. These plants also showed reduced levels of light-mediated cellular damage from the superoxide-generating herbicide methyl viologen. These results demonstrate that SOD is a critical component of the active-oxygen-scavenging system of plant chloroplasts and indicate that modification of SOD expression in transgenic plants can improve plant stress tolerance. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI & AGRON,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT HORT & ENTOMOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. NR 26 TC 147 Z9 191 U1 1 U2 27 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 15 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1629 EP 1633 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.4.1629 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KM607 UT WOS:A1993KM60700100 PM 8434026 ER PT J AU REILLY, JD SILVA, RF AF REILLY, JD SILVA, RF TI A DOUBLE-COS-SITE VECTOR CONTAINING A MULTIPLE CLONING SITE FLANKED BY T7 AND T3 RNA-POLYMERASE PROMOTERS SO GENE LA English DT Note DE RECOMBINANT DNA; COSMID; POLYLINKER; LIBRARY; GENOME MAPPING; HERPESVIRUS; MAREKS DISEASE VIRUS AB A double-cos-site cosmid vector, c2XMCS, contains a multiple cloning site (MCS) with fifteen restriction sites flanked by phage T7 and T3 RNA polymerase promoters. The two cos sites in the cosmid vector enable the construction of cosmid libraries from unfractionated partial digests of genomic DNA. This simple construct combines the efficiency of a double-cos-site cosmid with the versatility provided by the MCS from pBluescript. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,3606 E MT HOPE RD,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD FEB 14 PY 1993 VL 124 IS 1 BP 135 EP 136 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90775-X PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA KN909 UT WOS:A1993KN90900021 PM 8382653 ER PT J AU OECHEL, WC HASTINGS, SJ VOURLITIS, G JENKINS, M RIECHERS, G GRULKE, N AF OECHEL, WC HASTINGS, SJ VOURLITIS, G JENKINS, M RIECHERS, G GRULKE, N TI RECENT CHANGE OF ARCTIC TUNDRA ECOSYSTEMS FROM A NET CARBON-DIOXIDE SINK TO A SOURCE SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; TRENDS; PEAT; CO2 AB ARCTIC tundra has been a net sink for carbon dioxide during historic and recent geological times1-4, and large amounts of carbon are stored in the soils of northern ecosystems. Many regions of the Arctic are warmer now than they have been in the past5-10, and this warming may cause the soil to change from a carbon dioxide sink to a source by lowering the water table11,12, thereby accelerating the rate of soil decomposition (CO2 source)3,13-15 so that this dominates over photosynthesis (CO2 sink). Here we present data indicating that the tundra on the North Slope of Alaska has indeed become a source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. This change coincides with recent warming in the Arctic, whether this is due to increases in greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere or to some other cause. Our results suggest that tundra ecosystems may exert a positive feedback on atmospheric carbon dioxide and greenhouse warming. C1 SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,STATEWIDE AIR POLLUT RES CTR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. US FOREST SERV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP OECHEL, WC (reprint author), SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,SYST ECOL RES GRP,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182, USA. RI Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010 OI Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X NR 36 TC 613 Z9 643 U1 13 U2 159 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 11 PY 1993 VL 361 IS 6412 BP 520 EP 523 DI 10.1038/361520a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KL714 UT WOS:A1993KL71400054 ER PT J AU FETTERER, RH RHOADS, ML AF FETTERER, RH RHOADS, ML TI THE ROLE OF TYROSINE DERIVED CROSS-LINKS IN THE CUTICULAR BIOCHEMISTRY OF PARASITIC NEMATODES SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD FEB 8 PY 1993 SU 17C BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KN466 UT WOS:A1993KN46600335 ER PT J AU POGELL, BM AF POGELL, BM TI STREPTOMYCES AS HOMOLOGOUS AND RECOMBINANT VEHICLES FOR BIOREMEDIATION OF PESTICIDES, NERVE AGENTS, AND OTHER XENOBIOTICS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,MBI,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD FEB 8 PY 1993 SU 17C BP 184 EP 184 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KN466 UT WOS:A1993KN46600628 ER PT J AU TREES, AJ GUY, F TENNANT, BJ BALFOUR, AH DUBEY, JP AF TREES, AJ GUY, F TENNANT, BJ BALFOUR, AH DUBEY, JP TI PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES TO NEOSPORA-CANINUM IN A POPULATION OF URBAN DOGS IN ENGLAND SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; TRANSMISSION; APICOMPLEXA; AGENT AB Of 163 dogs, randomly selected from those examined at the University of Liverpool Small Animal Hospital, 12.9 per cent had antibody titres greater-than-or-equal-to 1/200 to Neospora caninum in an indirect fluorescent antibody test. None was apparently suffering clinical neosporosis. There was no association between the occurrence of neospora antibodies and either toxoplasma antibodies measured by the dye test, sex, age, type of feeding or the presence of other dogs in the household. Antibody was detected at titres greater-than-or-equal-to 1/200 in nine breeds, suggesting that there is a substantial level of subclinical infection in British dogs. C1 PUBL HLTH LAB,TOXOPLASMA REF LAB,LEEDS LS15 7TR,ENGLAND. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV LIVERPOOL,DEPT VET CLIN SCI,LIVERPOOL L69 3BX,ENGLAND. RP TREES, AJ (reprint author), UNIV LIVERPOOL,SCH TROP MED,PEMBROKE PL,LIVERPOOL L3 5QA,ENGLAND. NR 14 TC 96 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD FEB 6 PY 1993 VL 132 IS 6 BP 125 EP 126 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KM273 UT WOS:A1993KM27300003 PM 8447050 ER PT J AU FESTE, AS KHAN, I AF FESTE, AS KHAN, I TI SEPARATION OF GLUCOOLIGOSACCHARIDES AND POLYSACCHARIDE HYDROLYSATES BY GRADIENT ELUTION HYDROPHILIC INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; D-GLUCO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES; STATIONARY PHASE; SILICA-GEL; POLYMERIZATION; RETENTION AB Commercial glucooligosaccharide mixtures (Polycose) and polysaccharide hydrolysates (acid and enzymatic) were fractionated by hydrophilic interaction chromatography and observed by pulsed amperometric detection. Seven peaks were observed when 625 ng of glucose oligomers in Polycose were fractionated. The between-run precision of retention times (n = 10, 100 mug, 15 peaks) ranged from a relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of 0.09 to 0.40%; between-run precision of peak areas (n = 10) for the same separations had values that ranged from 2.66 to 14.4%. Injection-to-injection time was 48 min. When polysaccharide hydrolysates were fractionated using a gradient program capable of resolving all of the oligosaccharide species, dextran-derived alpha-(1 ---> 6)-glucooligosaccharides were retained to a greater degree than amylose-derived alpha-(1 --> 4)-glucooligosaccharides, which were retained to a greater degree than beta-(2 --> 1)-fructooligosaccharides derived from inulin. Excluding the peaks that eluted before glucose or fructose, 25 to 35 peaks were observed after fractionation of the hydrolysates. Differences in elution profiles were observed between acid and enzymatic hydrolysis products of the same polysaccharide as well as between hydrolysis products of different polysaccharides. In conjunction with high-performance size-exclusion chromatography, the method demonstrated the effect of preheating starch before hydrolysis with isoamylase. RP FESTE, AS (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD FEB 5 PY 1993 VL 630 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 139 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80448-H PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KL947 UT WOS:A1993KL94700011 PM 8444997 ER PT J AU MCGRAW, GW STEYNBERG, JP HEMINGAY, RW AF MCGRAW, GW STEYNBERG, JP HEMINGAY, RW TI CONDENSED TANNINS - A NOVEL REARRANGEMENT OF PROCYANIDINS AND PRODELPHINIDINS IN THIOLYTIC CLEAVAGE SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Conditions commonly used for the thiolytic cleavage of interflavanoid bonds of condensed tannins also result in cleavage of the C4 to C10 bond of flavan units. Subsequent electrophilic attack of the C4 carbocation on the C2' or C6' of the B-ring, and loss of phloroglucinol (the A-ring), result in the formation of a mixture of 1,3-dithiobenzyl-2,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy indane diastereomers. C1 UNIV ORANGE FREE STATE,DEPT CHEM,BLOEMFONTEIN 9300,SOUTH AFRICA. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP MCGRAW, GW (reprint author), LOUISIANA COLL,DEPT CHEM,PINEVILLE,LA 71359, USA. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 1993 VL 34 IS 6 BP 987 EP 990 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA KL277 UT WOS:A1993KL27700023 ER PT J AU PICK, D KRISSOFF, B AF PICK, D KRISSOFF, B TI WILL DEVELOPING-COUNTRY DEBT FORGIVENESS INCREASE AGRICULTURAL TRADE SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB Latin American countries are important customers in international agricultural trade. However, between 1981 and 1987, U.S. agricultural exports to these countries declined by almost 50%. One explanation for the above decrease is the change in financial conditions facing many countries in this region. Outstanding debt in the Latin American countries continued to rise through the 1980's, reaching over $120 billion for Brazil and Mexico by 1987. In this paper, we develop an import model which considers the effect of the debt crisis on the ability of developing countries to purchase agricultural commodities in world markets. We estimate the model for four countries: Mexico, Brazil, Chile, and Venezuela. The estimated results are used in a simulation model to obtain the effects of a 50% debt forgiveness scenario. Results indicate only a modest improvement in agricultural imports of the four Latin American countries considered in this study. These four countries would expand agricultural imports by $400 million per annum given the debt reduction. RP PICK, D (reprint author), USDA,DIV AGR & TRADE ANAL,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 8 IS 2 BP 91 EP 105 DI 10.1016/0169-5150(92)90024-S PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA KP897 UT WOS:A1993KP89700001 ER PT J AU TALLENT, WH AF TALLENT, WH TI ARS PLANS NOW FOR FUTURE SCIENTISTS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material RP TALLENT, WH (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD FEB PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 2 EP 2 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KM446 UT WOS:A1993KM44600001 ER PT J AU HAYS, SM AF HAYS, SM TI ARS HELPS SCIENCE FLOURISH AT 1890 SCHOOLS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP HAYS, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INFORMAT STAFF,BLDG 419,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD FEB PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 4 EP 10 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KM446 UT WOS:A1993KM44600002 ER PT J AU GERRIETTS, M AF GERRIETTS, M TI FARMER-FRIENDLY HERBICIDE APPLICATOR SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP GERRIETTS, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD FEB PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KM446 UT WOS:A1993KM44600003 ER PT J AU SENFT, D AF SENFT, D TI CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE GREAT-PLAINS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP SENFT, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD FEB PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KM446 UT WOS:A1993KM44600004 ER PT J AU SILVA, J AF SILVA, J TI TOUGHER PEEL REPELS FRUIT-FLIES SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP SILVA, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD FEB PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 14 EP 18 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KM446 UT WOS:A1993KM44600005 ER PT J AU COMIS, D AF COMIS, D TI ROCK PHOSPHATE - RX FOR POOR SOILS SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP COMIS, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD FEB PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KM446 UT WOS:A1993KM44600006 ER PT J AU ADAMS, S AF ADAMS, S TI BENEFICIALS ARE MONEY IN THE BANK SO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP ADAMS, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERV PI WASHINGTON PA US DEPT AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 SN 0002-161X J9 AGR RES PD FEB PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 20 EP 22 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KM446 UT WOS:A1993KM44600008 ER PT J AU DOUDS, DD JANKE, RR PETERS, SE AF DOUDS, DD JANKE, RR PETERS, SE TI VAM FUNGUS SPORE POPULATIONS AND COLONIZATION OF ROOTS OF MAIZE AND SOYBEAN UNDER CONVENTIONAL AND LOW-INPUT SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; SOIL DISTURBANCE; CROP-ROTATION; INFECTIVITY AB Spore populations of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and formation of mycorrhizae in maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were studied in three farming systems: a conventional maize-soybean rotation and two low-input systems. Spore populations were counted in soil samples obtained at planting and after harvest for two growing seasons. Maize and soybean root systems were sampled for mycorrhizae early in the growing season. Low-input plots tended to have higher populations of spores of VAM fungi than the conventionally farmed plots. Further, the readily identifiable species Gigaspora gigantea (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe, was more numerous in low-input plots (up to 30 spores 50 cm-3 soil) than in conventional plots (0-0.3 spores 50 cm-3 soil), suggesting farming system affected species distribution as well. Colonization of plants in the field did not always reflect VAM fungus spore populations at planting. Greenhouse bioassays showed 2.5-10 fold greater colonization of plants growing in soil from low-input than conventional systems. The results indicate that conventional farming systems yield lower levels of VAM fungi whereas low-input sustainable agriculture, with cover crops planted between cash crops, has greater populations of VAM fungi and potential to utilize the benefits of VA mycorrhizae. C1 RODALE RES CTR,KUTZTOWN,PA 19530. RP DOUDS, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS,ERRC,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 27 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 325 EP 335 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(93)90095-7 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM926 UT WOS:A1993KM92600011 ER PT J AU GRAHAM, DY LEW, GM RAMIREZ, FC GENTA, RM KLEIN, PD MALATY, HM AF GRAHAM, DY LEW, GM RAMIREZ, FC GENTA, RM KLEIN, PD MALATY, HM TI SHORT REPORT - A NON-METRONIDAZOLE TRIPLE THERAPY FOR ERADICATION OF HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION - TETRACYCLINE, AMOXICILLIN, BISMUTH SO ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID OMEPRAZOLE; LANSOPRAZOLE; GASTRITIS AB Triple therapies using bismuth, metronidazole and tetracycline or amoxicillin were the first truly successful anti-H. pylori therapies. Metronidazole resistance has become an increasing problem that has severely limited the usefulness of the original triple therapy. Resistance to tetracycline or amoxicillin has not been reported and both are effective against H. pylori. We therefore tested a new triple therapy consisting of 500 mg tetracycline, 500 mg amoxicillin, and 2 tablets of bismuth subsalicylate each administered four times daily (with meals and at bedtime) for 14 days during treatment with ranitidine 300 mg daily. H. pylori eradication was defined as no evidence of H. pylori one or more months after stopping therapy. H. pylori status was evaluated by a combination of urea breath test and histology. Sixteen patients with H. pylori infection and active peptic ulcers were enrolled. The new triple therapy was successful in only 7 individuals (43%). Metronidazole appears to be critical for the effectiveness of the original triple therapy. An alternative to metronidazole will be required for a new successful triple therapy. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PATHOL,DIV MOLEC VIROL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP GRAHAM, DY (reprint author), VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,111D,2002 HOLCOMBE BLVD,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0269-2813 J9 ALIMENT PHARM THERAP JI Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 7 IS 1 BP 111 EP 113 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA KP397 UT WOS:A1993KP39700013 PM 8439632 ER PT J AU GALE, HF AF GALE, HF TI WHY DID THE NUMBER OF YOUNG FARM ENTRANTS DECLINE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE DEMOGRAPHIC ECONOMICS; ENTRY; FARM STRUCTURE; OCCUPATIONAL CHOICE ID AGRICULTURE AB The influence of demographic and economic factors on the number of young farm entrants is investigated. After controlling for the demographic effect, it is found that higher commodity prices, lower real interest rates, and lower land values are associated with greater entry. Regional effects suggest lower entry in states with better nonfarm opportunities. Demographic factors suggest that the shrinking pool of potential entrants will lead to further decline in farm entry. The decline in farm entry has important implications for the future structure of farming in the United States. RP GALE, HF (reprint author), USDA,ERS,DIV AGR & RURAL ECON,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 75 IS 1 BP 138 EP 146 DI 10.2307/1242962 PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA KQ736 UT WOS:A1993KQ73600015 ER PT J AU JUST, RE MIRANOWSKI, JA AF JUST, RE MIRANOWSKI, JA TI UNDERSTANDING FARMLAND PRICE CHANGES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE DEBT; INFLATION; LAND PRICES ID REAL-ESTATE; LAND; SECTOR AB This paper develops a structural model of land prices which includes the multidimensional effects of inflation on capital-erosion, savings-return erosion, and real debt reduction as well as the effect of changes in the opportunity cost of capital. The results show that inflation and changes in the real returns on capital are major explanatory factors in farmland price swings in addition to returns to farming. Additionally, the effects of credit market constraints and expectations schemes are considered explicitly in the analytical model. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV RESOURCES & TECHNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP JUST, RE (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR & RESOURCE ECON,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 17 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 75 IS 1 BP 156 EP 168 DI 10.2307/1242964 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA KQ736 UT WOS:A1993KQ73600017 ER PT J AU DENBALY, M VROOMEN, H AF DENBALY, M VROOMEN, H TI DYNAMIC FERTILIZER NUTRIENT DEMANDS FOR CORN - A COINTEGRATED AND ERROR-CORRECTING SYSTEM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE COINTEGRATION; ERROR-CORRECTION MODEL; FERTILIZER NUTRIENT DEMANDS; UNIT ROOTS ID TECHNOLOGY; MONEY AB Past studies of the demand for fertilizer have typically been based on static models which assume that adjustments toward equilibrium are instantaneous. This article builds on past studies by developing a dynamic model of nutrient demands of corn. Unit root and cointegration tests demonstrate that fertilizer demands of corn are dynamic. Therefore, statistically correct estimates can be obtained using a dynamic model. A set of error-correction models for nitrogen, phosphate, and potash use in corn production are estimated. Results provide strong statistical evidence that nutrient demands of com are price inelastic both in the short and the long run. RP DENBALY, M (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 75 IS 1 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.2307/1242968 PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA KQ736 UT WOS:A1993KQ73600021 ER PT J AU OLIVER, MJ MISHLER, BD QUISENBERRY, JE AF OLIVER, MJ MISHLER, BD QUISENBERRY, JE TI COMPARATIVE MEASURES OF DESICCATION-TOLERANCE IN THE TORTULA-RURALIS COMPLEX .1. VARIATION IN DAMAGE CONTROL AND REPAIR SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; PLANT DESICCATION; MOSS; REHYDRATION; BRYOPHYTES; STABILITY; HABITATS; RECOVERY; RATES; RNA AB A mechanism for desiccation-tolerance in bryophytes based on carbon balance, damage limitation, and cellular repair is proposed. These criteria are incorporated into an experimental framework to measure desiccation-tolerance comparatively. In this report we utilize measures of damage control and damage repair to determine relative differences in tolerance between populations of three tolerant moss species: Tortula caninervis, T. ruralis, and T. norvegica. The measurement of damage control by electrolyte leakage alone was demonstrated not to be useful in determining levels of tolerance by traditional criteria in these closely related and highly tolerant species. Measurement of protein synthetic differences between hydrated and desiccated-rehydrated treatments was used to distinguish between the capabilities of the three moss species to repair cellular damage and to formulate a measure of tolerance. The overall ranking of the three species in descending order of tolerance is calculated to be: Tortula caninervis, T. ruralis, and T. norvegica. However, individual populations of each of these species exhibit variation in tolerance levels that span this broader classification. These rankings correlate well with the perceived ranking of water stress in the species' natural habitat. C1 DUKE UNIV,DEPT BOT,DURHAM,NC 27708. RP OLIVER, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT UNIT,BOX 215,ROUTE 3,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. NR 30 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 7 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 80 IS 2 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.2307/2445030 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KM635 UT WOS:A1993KM63500002 ER PT J AU BLAIR, IA PRAKASH, C PHILLIPS, MA DOUGHERTY, RM IACONO, JM AF BLAIR, IA PRAKASH, C PHILLIPS, MA DOUGHERTY, RM IACONO, JM TI DIETARY MODIFICATION OF OMEGA-6 FATTY-ACID INTAKE AND ITS EFFECT ON URINARY EICOSANOID EXCRETION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ATHEROSCLEROSIS; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS; LINOLEIC ACID; MASS SPECTROMETRY; EICOSANOIDS; STABLE ISOTOPES ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LINOLEIC-ACID; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; HEART-DISEASE; THROMBOXANE-B2; METABOLITES; NONCYCLOOXYGENASE; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; PROSTAGLANDINS AB A group of women were fed two separate diets in a crossover study and urinary eicosanoids were quantified. One diet contained 3.1% of total energy (en%) as polyunsaturated fatty acids (3.0 en% linoleic acid) and the other contained 8.4 en% polyunsaturated fatty acids (8.3 en% linoleic acid). Carbohydrate replaced fat in the low-polyunsaturated-fat diet. No changes were observed in the urinary excretion of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1alpha, its 2,3-dinor metabolite or thromboxane B2 by subjects on either of the diets. Urinary 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 excretion was lower (206.5 ng/24 h) when subjects were fed the high-omega6 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet when compared with the lower-omega6 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet (275.3 ng/24 h). Conversely, urinary prostaglandin E2 was higher (139.2 ng/g creatinine) during the higher-omega6 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet when compared with the lower-omega6 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet (94.4 ng/g creatinine). C1 USDA, AGR RES STN, SAN FRANCISCO, CA USA. VANDERBILT UNIV, CLIN NUTR RES UNIT, NASHVILLE, TN 37232 USA. RP VANDERBILT UNIV, DEPT PHARMACOL, NASHVILLE, TN 37232 USA. RI Blair, Ian/B-3320-2010 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK26657-12] NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 57 IS 2 BP 154 EP 160 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KK283 UT WOS:A1993KK28300007 PM 8424383 ER PT J AU JACQUES, PF SULSKY, SI SADOWSKI, JA PHILLIPS, JCC RUSH, D WILLETT, WC AF JACQUES, PF SULSKY, SI SADOWSKI, JA PHILLIPS, JCC RUSH, D WILLETT, WC TI COMPARISON OF MICRONUTRIENT INTAKE MEASURED BY A DIETARY QUESTIONNAIRE AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF MICRONUTRIENT STATUS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE BLOOD; CAROTENOIDS; DIET; MINERALS; NUTRITION SURVEYS; VITAMINS ID ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; HISTORY QUESTIONNAIRE; BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-E; PLASMA; RETINOL; REPRODUCIBILITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VALIDATION; VALIDITY AB We compared the intake of 12 micronutrients as reported on a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire with corresponding biochemical indicators of nutrient status in a sample of 57 males and 82 females aged 40-83 y. Age-, sex- and energy-adjusted correlation coefficients ranged from near zero for thiamin, vitamin A, and zinc to 0.63 for folate. Correlation coefficients between intake and the biochemical measures were > 0.30 for carotenoids, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B-12, folate, and vitamin C. Differences of 50% or more were observed between extreme quartiles of intake for mean plasma concentrations of folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin C. Excluding nutrient supplement users generally reduced the correlations. These data demonstrate that food frequency questionnaires can provide valid information on intake for a number of micronutrients. RP JACQUES, PF (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 44 TC 240 Z9 244 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 57 IS 2 BP 182 EP 189 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KK283 UT WOS:A1993KK28300011 PM 8424386 ER PT J AU BIRN, H SELHUB, J CHRISTENSEN, EI AF BIRN, H SELHUB, J CHRISTENSEN, EI TI INTERNALIZATION AND INTRACELLULAR-TRANSPORT OF FOLATE-BINDING PROTEIN IN RAT-KIDNEY PROXIMAL TUBULE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; MICROPUNCTURE; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; CRYOULTRAMICROTOMY; ENDOCYTOSIS; RECEPTOR RECYCLING; DENSE APICAL TUBULES ID RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS; BRUSH-BORDER; IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; MEMBRANE-VESICLES; SECRETORY-CELLS; APICAL TUBULES; RENAL CORTEX; LOCALIZATION; ABSORPTION; PATHWAYS AB Folate-binding protein (FBP) is involved in folate reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. Immunocytochemical studies have located FBP to the brush-border membrane, endocytic vacuoles, and dense apical tubules. We applied the same polyclonal antibody (anti-FBP) against FBP to investigate the dynamic relationship between FBP in the different compartments by microinjecting the antibody into rat kidney proximal tubules in situ. Specific binding of anti-FBP in vivo to the brush-border membrane was followed by fixation at various times. Protein A-gold labeling shows that anti-FBP is transported from endocytic invaginations into vacuoles followed by transport into dense apical tubules within 15 s. Thus FBP is rapidly internalized, and together with previous studies this study strongly suggests recycling of FBP back to the luminal plasma membrane through dense apical tubules. The results are consistent with reabsorption of folate through endocytosis of the FBP-folate complex followed by dissociation and recycling of FBP. When time is allowed there is a steady accumulation of FBP in dense apical tubules combined with an increase in surface density of the same compartment. A possible explanation involves partial inhibition of the fusion between dense apical tubules and plasma membrane because of the anti-FBP labeling of the receptor. C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP BIRN, H (reprint author), AARHUS UNIV,INST ANAT,DEPT CELL BIOL,DK-8000 AARHUS,DENMARK. RI Birn, Henrik/C-3931-2009 NR 33 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0002-9513 J9 AM J PHYSIOL JI Am. J. Physiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 264 IS 2 BP C302 EP C310 PN 1 PG 9 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA KN680 UT WOS:A1993KN68000006 PM 8447363 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP THULLIEZ, P AF DUBEY, JP THULLIEZ, P TI PERSISTENCE OF TISSUE CYSTS IN EDIBLE TISSUES OF CATTLE FED TOXOPLASMA-GONDII OOCYSTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AGGLUTINATION-TEST; INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; TACHYZOITES; PREVALENCE AB Four 1-year-old steers were each inoculated orally with 10,000 Toxoplasma gondii oocysts of the GT-1 strain and euthanatized on postinoculation days (PID) 350, 539, 1191, and 1201. Samples (500 g) of tongue, heart, semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles (roast), intercostal muscles (ribs), longismus muscles (tenderloin), brain, kidneys, liver, and small intestine were bioassayed for T gondii by feeding to cats and examination of cat feces for shedding of oocysts. Toxoplasma gondii was recovered by bioassays in cats from the 3 steers necropsied PID 350, 539, and 1191, but not from the steer euthanatized on PID 1201. Cats shed oocysts after ingesting tongue from 2 steers, heart from 3 steers, liver from 2 steers, and roast, ribs, brain, and intestines from 1 steer each. Toxoplasma gondii was not isolated from any of the other bovine tissues. In addition to tissues bioassayed in cats, homogenates of mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs, spinal cord, spleen, and eyes were bioassayed in mice for T gondii infection. Toxoplasma gondii was not recovered from the 135 mice inoculated with tissue from each of the 4 steers. All 4 inoculated steers developed high T gondii antibody titers (greater-than-or-equal-to 1:8,000) in the agglutination test, using formalin-fixed whole tachyzoites. In the steer euthanatized on PID 1201, agglutinating T gondii antibody titers decreased from 1:4,000 to 1:320 between 2 and 5 months after inoculation and to 1:20 by 19 months after inoculation. C1 INST PUERICULTURE,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 54 IS 2 BP 270 EP 273 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KJ764 UT WOS:A1993KJ76400013 PM 8430937 ER PT J AU KOZEMPEL, MF TOMASULA, P CRAIG, JC AF KOZEMPEL, MF TOMASULA, P CRAIG, JC TI SIMULATION AND SENSITIVITY STUDY OF POTATO FLAKE FOOD-PROCESSING SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MODELING; BLANCH; COOK; DRUM DRY SYSTEMS; COMPUTER ID MODEL AB We made a sensitivity study of the potato flake process using the ERRC Food Process Simulator computer program with cost as the primary objective function. The study showed that labor was the largest component of the processing cost followed by capital related expenses. Pilot plant operation demonstrated the feasibility of reducing labor requirements. Capital related expenses could be minimized by using four drum dryers to more closely match the through put of the rest of the process. In addition, the drum dryers should be run as close to 8% moisture as possible without exceeding 8% to optimize the yield of finished product. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using the ERRC Food Process Simulator to do a sensitivity study of potato processing. RP KOZEMPEL, MF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 70 IS 2 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1007/BF02857177 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KQ310 UT WOS:A1993KQ31000002 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, RJ SECOR, GA RUBY, CL ORR, PH AF TAYLOR, RJ SECOR, GA RUBY, CL ORR, PH TI TUBER YIELD, SOFT ROT RESISTANCE, BRUISING RESISTANCE AND PROCESSING QUALITY IN A POPULATION OF POTATO (CV-CRYSTAL) SOMACLONES SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE PROTOPLASTS; SOMACLONAL VARIATION; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L; TISSUE CULTURE ID PROTOPLAST-DERIVED CALLI; VARIABILITY; CULTURE; GENERATIONS; IMPROVEMENT; CLONES AB Several important postharvest characteristics were evaluated in protoplast-derived somaclones after two consecutive growing seasons (1987, 1988). None of the somaclones had tuber yields significantly greater than the protoplast donor Crystal mother clone (MC), however, 8 of 37 clones had significantly lower yields. Of the 25 somaclones selected for Erwinia soft rot resistance testing, 1 clone demonstrated significantly elevated resistance to soft rot while 12 clones were found to be significantly more susceptible relative to MC. Over half (20) of the 33 somaclones tested showed significant improvement in resistance to tuber bruising while only a single clone was more susceptible than MC. Based upon Agtron color analysis, 5 somaclones showed significantly enhanced chip color when processed directly out of cold storage (6 C). Six clones had significantly improved chip color after a reconditioning period (20 C). Four of the clones with significantly better cold processing characteristics were also among the 6 with significantly enhanced processing quality after reconditioning. Some clones showed improvement in two or more characteristics. Clone 72-93 had significantly elevated resistance to both bacterial soft rot and tuber bruising while the bruise resistant clones 74-14, 71-41, 71-18 and 71-2 demonstrated significant improvement in both cold and reconditioned processing characteristics. C1 USDA ARS,RED RIVER VALLEY POTATO RES LAB,E GRAND FORKS,MN 56721. RP TAYLOR, RJ (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 70 IS 2 BP 117 EP 130 DI 10.1007/BF02857179 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KQ310 UT WOS:A1993KQ31000004 ER PT J AU DALLAL, GE AF DALLAL, GE TI WHY IS INTRODUCTORY STATISTICS DIFFICULT TO LEARN - AND WHAT CAN WE DO TO MAKE IT EASIER - REPLY SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Letter RP DALLAL, GE (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 47 IS 1 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA KG971 UT WOS:A1993KG97100023 ER PT J AU OLDROYD, BP RINDERER, TE BUCO, SM BEAMAN, LD AF OLDROYD, BP RINDERER, TE BUCO, SM BEAMAN, LD TI GENETIC VARIANCE IN HONEY-BEES FOR PREFERRED FORAGING DISTANCE SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; SUPER-SISTERS; COLONIES; DIVISION; LABOR; RECOGNITION; COMPONENT; POLYANDRY; WORKERS C1 STAT RESOURCES,BATON ROUGE,LA 70808. RP OLDROYD, BP (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL RES LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 25 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 45 IS 2 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1006/anbe.1993.1037 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA KQ872 UT WOS:A1993KQ87200010 ER PT J AU STONE, RT MUGGLICOCKETT, NE AF STONE, RT MUGGLICOCKETT, NE TI BOLA-DIB - SPECIES DISTRIBUTION, LINKAGE WITH DOB, AND NORTHERN ANALYSIS SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE BOLA; CLASS-II; BOLA-DIB; LINKAGE; BOVIDAE ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; PARTIAL NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BETA-CHAIN GENE; CLASS-II DQB; BOVINE; REGION; HYBRIDIZATION; POLYMORPHISM; CATTLE; PROBES AB The bovine major histocompatibility complex differs from that of other species in that it has a second group of class II genes that are separated from the classical class I/class II complex by 15 to 20 centimorgans. Two class II bovine genes, BoLA-DYA and BoLA-DIB, seem to be unique based on sequence analysis. To investigate the occurrence of one of these genes, BoLA-DIB, in other species, a DIB 2nd domain exon probe was hybridized to Southern genomic blots containing DNA from representatives from a variety of mammalian families. The probe hybridized only with DNA from representatives of the Cervidae, Giraffidae and Bovidae families, indicating that significant sequence similarity to DIB may be confined to these families. Analysis of the linkage relationship between DIB and DOB in cattle half-sib families did not yield any recombinants among 39 informative offspring, indicating that DIB maps within the second group of class II bovine genes; DOB has previously been mapped to the second group of class II genes. A 1st domain exon probe from BoLA-DQB hybridized to RNA from either stimulated or unstimulated peripheral bovine lymphocytes, while 1st domain exon probes from BoLA-DIB and HLA-DOB gave no hybridization signals, indicating that transcription in peripheral lymphocytes of these genes is at least very minor compared to BoLA-DQB. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP STONE, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 24 IS 1 BP 41 EP 45 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA KU446 UT WOS:A1993KU44600007 PM 7684580 ER PT J AU SUNDEN, SLF STONE, RT BISHOP, MD KAPPES, SM KEELE, JW BEATTIE, CW AF SUNDEN, SLF STONE, RT BISHOP, MD KAPPES, SM KEELE, JW BEATTIE, CW TI A HIGHLY POLYMORPHIC BOVINE MICROSATELLITE LOCUS - BM2113 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Note RP SUNDEN, SLF (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 24 IS 1 BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA KU446 UT WOS:A1993KU44600014 PM 8498716 ER PT J AU KURTZMAN, CP DEHOOG, GS AF KURTZMAN, CP DEHOOG, GS TI NEW DIRECTIONS IN THE SYSTEMATICS OF YEASTS AND YEAST-LIKE FUNGI SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CENT BUR SCHIMMELCULTURES,3740 AG BAARN,NETHERLANDS. UNIV AMSTERDAM,DEPT MOLEC CELL BIOL,1098 SM AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RP KURTZMAN, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD FEB PY 1993 VL 63 IS 2 BP 93 EP 93 DI 10.1007/BF00872384 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LY126 UT WOS:A1993LY12600001 ER PT J AU KURTZMAN, CP AF KURTZMAN, CP TI SYSTEMATICS OF THE ASCOMYCETOUS YEASTS ASSESSED FROM RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCE DIVERGENCE SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON YEASTS CY AUG 23-28, 1992 CL ATLANTA, GA DE ENDOMYCETALES; PHYLOGENY; RIBOSOMAL RNA; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCETALES; TAXONOMY; YEASTS ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; EVOLUTIONARY AFFINITIES; DNA-SEQUENCE; GENES; 18S; IDENTIFICATION; FUNGI AB Extent of divergence in partial nucleotide sequences from large and small subunit ribosomal RNAs was used to estimate genetic relationships among ascomycetous yeasts and yeastlike fungi. The comparisons showed four phylogenetically distinct groups comprised of the following taxa: Group 1. The budding yeasts Saccharomyces, Saccharomycopsis, Debaryomyces, Metschnikowia, Saturnospora, and Lipomyces, and the yeastlike genera Ascoidea, Cephaloascus, Dipodascus, Dipodascopsis, and Galactomyces; Group 2. Eremascus, Emericella and Ceratocystis; Group 3. Taphrina and Protomyces; Group 4. Schizosaccharomyces. Because of the genetic relationships indicated by sequence analysis, Group 1 taxa are retained in the order Endomycetales, and Schizosaccharomyces is retained in the Schizosaccharomycetales Prillinger et al. ex Kurtzman. RP KURTZMAN, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 42 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD FEB PY 1993 VL 63 IS 2 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1007/BF00872391 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LY126 UT WOS:A1993LY12600008 PM 8259833 ER PT J AU WEIMER, PJ HATFIELD, RD BUXTON, DR AF WEIMER, PJ HATFIELD, RD BUXTON, DR TI INHIBITION OF RUMINAL CELLULOSE FERMENTATION BY EXTRACTS OF THE PERENNIAL LEGUME CICER MILKVETCH (ASTRAGALUS-CICER) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RUMINOCOCCUS-FLAVEFACIENS; GROWTH; METHYLCELLULOSE; MICROORGANISMS; BACTERIA; QUALITY; CULTURE; YIELD AB Cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.) is a perennial legume used as a pasture or rangeland plant for ruminants. A study was undertaken to determine whether reported variations in its ruminal digestibility may be related to the presence of an antinutritive material. In vitro fermentation of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of cicer milkvetch by mixed rumen microflora was poorer than was the fermentation of NDF in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Fermentation of cicer milkvetch NDF was improved by preextraction of the ground herbage with water for 3 h at 39-degrees-C. Such water extracts selectively inhibited in vitro fermentation of pure cellulose by mixed ruminal microflora and by pure cultures of the ruminal bacteria Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 and Fibrobacter succinogenes S85. Inhibition of the cellulose fermentation by mixed ruminal microflora was dependent upon the concentration of cicer milkvetch extract and was overcome upon prolonged incubation. Pure cultures exposed to the extract did not recover from inhibition, even after long incubation times, unless the inhibitory agent was removed (viz., by dilution of inhibited cultures into fresh medium). The extract did not affect the fermentation of cellobiose by R. flavefaciens but did cause some inhibition of cellobiose fermentation by F. succinogenes. Moreover, the extracts did not inhibit hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, or p-nitrophenylcellobioside by supernatants of these pure cultures of cellulolytic bacteria or by a commercial cellulase preparation from the fungus Trichoderma reesei. The agent caused cellulose-adherent cells to detach from cellulose fibers, suggesting that the agent may act, at least in part, by disrupting the glycocalyx necessary for adherence to, and rapid digestion of, cellulose. C1 USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS RES,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. RP WEIMER, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 59 IS 2 BP 405 EP 409 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KK916 UT WOS:A1993KK91600008 PM 8434909 ER PT J AU BARTA, TM KINSCHERF, TG UCHYTIL, TF WILLIS, DK AF BARTA, TM KINSCHERF, TG UCHYTIL, TF WILLIS, DK TI DNA-SEQUENCE AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE TBLA GENE REQUIRED FOR TABTOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS BY PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; AERUGINOSA; STABILITY; EXOTOXIN; MUTATION; CLONING; OPERON AB The tblA gene of Pseudomonas syringae is required for tabtoxin biosynthesis and is under the control of a regulatory gene, lemA. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the tblA gene and identified the 5' end of the tblA gene transcript. The sequence of the tbl4 gene was identical to that of the recently reported open reading frame 1 gene of the tabA region of the BR2 chromosome. The open reading frame of the tbl4 gene potentially encodes a protein of 231 amino acids. mRNA from the tbl4 gene was detected at all phases of cells grown in minimal medium. This result is correlated with the constitutive production of tabtoxinine-beta-lactam (the biologically active part of the toxin) by P. syringae BR2R in minimal medium, as quantitated by a phenylisothiocyanate derivatization method. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM07215] NR 53 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 59 IS 2 BP 458 EP 466 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KK916 UT WOS:A1993KK91600016 PM 7679566 ER PT J AU KELLER, NP DISCHINGER, HC BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE ULLAH, AHJ AF KELLER, NP DISCHINGER, HC BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE ULLAH, AHJ TI PURIFICATION OF A 40-KILODALTON METHYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVE IN THE AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VERSICONAL HEMIACETAL ACETATE; ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; SEQUENCE MOTIFS; VERSICOLORIN-A; CONVERSION; STERIGMATOCYSTIN; IDENTIFICATION; PRECURSOR; AVERUFIN AB The penultimate step in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway of the filamentous fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus involves conversion of sterigmatocystin to O-methylsterigmatocystin. An S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase that catalyzes this reaction was purified to homogeneity (>90%) from 78-h-old mycelia of A. parasiticus SRRC 163. Purification of this soluble enzyme was carried out by five soft-gel chromatographic steps: cell debris remover treatment, QMA ACELL chromatography, hydroxylapatite-Ultrogel chromatography, DEAE-Spherodex chromatography, and Octyl Avidgel chromatography, followed by MA7Q high-performance liquid chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the protein peak from this step on silver staining identified a single band of approximately 40 kDa. This purified protein was distinct from the dimeric 168-kDa methyltransferase purified from the same fungal strain under identical growth conditions (D. Bhatnagar, A. H. J. Ullah, and T. E. Cleveland, Prep. Biochem. 18:321-349, 1988). The chromatographic behavior and N-terminal sequence of the 40-kDa enzyme were also distinct from those of the 168-kDa methyltransferase. The molar extinction coefficient of the 40-kDa enzyme at 278 nm was estimated to be 4.7 X 10(4) M-1 cm-1 in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5). C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 36 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 59 IS 2 BP 479 EP 484 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KK916 UT WOS:A1993KK91600019 PM 8434913 ER PT J AU AKIN, DE BORNEMAN, WS RIGSBY, LL MARTIN, SA AF AKIN, DE BORNEMAN, WS RIGSBY, LL MARTIN, SA TI P-COUMAROYL AND FERULOYL ARABINOXYLANS FROM PLANT-CELL WALLS AS SUBSTRATES FOR RUMINAL BACTERIA SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID SEQUENTIAL TREATMENT; SODIUM-HYDROXIDE; MODEL SYSTEM; ESTERS AB Growth of the ruminal bacteria Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD1, Selenomonas ruminantium HD4, and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 49 was limited by ester-linked feruloyl and p-coumaroyl groups. The limitation of growth on phenolic acid-carbohydrate complexes varied with individual bacteria and appeared to be influenced by ability to hydrolyze carbohydrate linkages. C1 MERCK & CO INC, MMD TECH OPERAT, BIOTECHNOL SECT, ELKTON, VA 22827 USA. UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. RP AKIN, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 13 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 59 IS 2 BP 644 EP 647 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KK916 UT WOS:A1993KK91600051 PM 8434931 ER PT J AU HUANG, WY HANSEN, L URI, ND AF HUANG, WY HANSEN, L URI, ND TI THE TIMING OF NITROGEN-FERTILIZER APPLICATION - THE CASE OF COTTON PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED-STATES SO APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE COTTON PRODUCTION; FARM-LEVEL DECISION; NITROGEN FERTILIZER; RISK NEUTRAL; RISK AVERSE ID SPLIT AB This paper concerns factors affecting a farmer's decision about the timing of nitrogen fertilizer application. These factors include expected nitrogen loss associated with different application times, expected seasonal fluctuations in nitrogen fertilizer prices and operating costs, and the perceived risk of not being able to apply nitrogen fertilizer during the growing season. The analysis indicates that a split application of nitrogen fertilizer is an optimal strategy for both a risk-neutral and a risk-averse cotton farmer if the farmer perceives that he or she may be unable to apply nitrogen fertilizer after planting. C1 USDA ARS,CED,ERS,RM 1240,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0307-904X J9 APPL MATH MODEL JI Appl. Math. Model. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 17 IS 2 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1016/0307-904X(93)90103-N PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA KJ630 UT WOS:A1993KJ63000004 ER PT J AU ABBOTT, TP FELKER, FC KLEIMAN, R AF ABBOTT, TP FELKER, FC KLEIMAN, R TI FT-IR MICROSPECTROSCOPY - SAMPLE PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF BIOPOLYMERS SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE INFRARED; FT-IR MICROSPECTROSCOPY ID SPECTROSCOPY AB Samples of seed, stem, woody, and proteinaceous tissue were examined by FF-IR microspectroscopy. Methods of mounting samples for examination are described. Either they were immersed in D2O, embedded in either paraffin wax, epoxy, or vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer, or they were examined without an embedding matrix. RP ABBOTT, TP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,NEW CROPS RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA PO BOX 1438, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 47 IS 2 BP 180 EP 189 DI 10.1366/0003702934048299 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA KM239 UT WOS:A1993KM23900008 ER PT J AU MCSWEENY, CS ALLISON, MJ MACKIE, RI AF MCSWEENY, CS ALLISON, MJ MACKIE, RI TI AMINO-ACID UTILIZATION BY THE RUMINAL BACTERIUM SYNERGISTES-JONESII STRAIN 78-1 SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SYNERGISTES-JONESII; RUMEN BACTERIA; ARGININE METABOLISM; PYRIDINEDIOL DETOXIFICATION ID LEUCAENA-LEUCOCEPHALA; MIMOSINE; METABOLISM; ARGININE; TOXICITY; GOATS; HAWAII; RUMEN; DHP AB The ruminal bacterium Synergistes jonesii strain 78-1, which is able to degrade the pyridinediol toxin in the plant Leucaena leucocephala, was studied for its ability to utilise amino acids. The organism used arginine, histidine and glycine from a complex mixture of amino acids, and both arginine and histidine supported growth in a semi-defined medium. The products of (U-C-14)-arginine metabolism were CO2 acetate, butyrate, citrulline and ornithine. The labelling pattern of end products from (U-C-14)-histidine metabolism differed in that carbon also flowed into formate and propionate. Arginine was catabolised by the arginine deiminase pathway which was characterised by the presence of arginine deiminase, ornithine transcarbamylase and carbamate kinase. This is the first report of a rumen bacterium that uses arginine and histidine as major energy yielding substrates. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. RP MCSWEENY, CS (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV TROP ANIM PROD,LONG POCKET LABS,PRIVATE BAG 3 PO,INDOOROOPILLY,QLD 4068,AUSTRALIA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0302-8933 J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 159 IS 2 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1007/BF00250272 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KK276 UT WOS:A1993KK27600006 PM 8439235 ER PT J AU LICHTENSTEIN, AH AUSMAN, LM CARRASCO, W JENNER, JL ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ AF LICHTENSTEIN, AH AUSMAN, LM CARRASCO, W JENNER, JL ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ TI HYDROGENATION IMPAIRS THE HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF CORN-OIL IN HUMANS - HYDROGENATION, TRANS-FATTY-ACIDS, AND PLASMA-LIPIDS SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS LA English DT Article DE TRANS-FATTY ACIDS; CHOLESTEROL; TRIGLYCERIDES; LDL CHOLESTEROL; HDL CHOLESTEROL; SATURATED FAT; MONOUNSATURATED FAT; POLYUNSATURATED FAT; DIET ID UNITED-STATES DIET; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AB The effects on plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins of replacing corn oil with corn-oil margarine in stick form as two thirds of the fat in the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Step 2 diet were assessed in 14 middle-aged and elderly women and men (age range, 44-78 years) with moderate hypercholesterolemia (low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] range, 133-219 mg/dl [3.45-5.67 mmol/l] at screening). During each 32-day study phase, subjects received all their food and drink from a metabolic kitchen. Subjects were first studied while being fed a diet approximating the composition of the current US diet (baseline), which contained 35% of calories as fat (13% saturated fatty acids [SFAs], 12% monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFAs; 0.8% 18:1n-9 trans], and 8% polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFAs]) and 128 mg cholesterol/1,000 kcal. This baseline phase was followed by a corn oil-enriched diet containing 30% fat (6% SFA, 11% MUFA [0.4% 18:1n-9 trans], and 10% PUFA) and 83 mg cholesterol/1,000 kcal, and then a corn-oil margarine-enriched diet containing 30% fat (8% SFA, 12% MUFA [4.2% 18:1n-9 trans], and 8% PUFA) and 77 mg cholesterol/1,000 kcal. All diets were isocaloric. Mean fasting LDL-C and apolipoprotein (apo) B levels were 153 mg/dl (3.96 mmol/l) and 101 mg/dl on the baseline diet, 17% and 20% lower (both p<0.001) on the corn oil-enriched diet, and 10% and 10% lower (both p<0.01) on the margarine-enriched diet. Mean fasting high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apoA-I levels were 48 mg/dl (1.24 mmol/l) and 134 mg/dl on the baseline diet, 9% and 0.4% lower on the corn oil-enriched diet (p<0.01 for HDL-C), and 10% and 3% lower on the margarine-enriched diet (p<0.01 for HDL-C). No significant effects of diet on triglyceride, apoA-I, or lipoprotein(a) concentrations were noted. Replacing corn oil with a typical corn-oil margarine in stick form, as is currently available, resulted in a 10-fold increase in dietary trans fatty acid intake as well as 21% and 14% increases in SFA and MUFA intake, respectively, and a 12% decrease in PUFA intake. These changes resulted in higher plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (p=0.039), LDL-C (p=0.058), and LDL apoB (p=0.068) and a less favorable total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio (p=0.037). Both experimental diets resulted in significant reductions in plasma cholesterol relative to the baseline diet; however, the differences resulting from the substitution of the corn-oil margarine for corn oil were associated with a less favorable lipid profile with regard to coronary heart disease risk. We therefore recommend that hydrogenation be minimized during the processing of foods for use in cholesterol-lowering diets. RP LICHTENSTEIN, AH (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,LIPID METAB LAB,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-39326] NR 30 TC 147 Z9 148 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1049-8834 J9 ARTERIOSCLER THROMB JI Arterioscler. Thromb. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 13 IS 2 BP 154 EP 161 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA KL620 UT WOS:A1993KL62000002 PM 8427852 ER PT J AU LI, H CYBULSKY, MI GIMBRONE, MA LIBBY, P AF LI, H CYBULSKY, MI GIMBRONE, MA LIBBY, P TI AN ATHEROGENIC DIET RAPIDLY INDUCES VCAM-1, A CYTOKINE-REGULATABLE MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE ADHESION MOLECULE, IN RABBIT AORTIC ENDOTHELIUM SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS LA English DT Article DE ATHEROSCLEROSIS; LESION INITIATION; MONOCYTE ADHESION; VCAM-1; CYTOKINES; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; RABBITS ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; FIBRONECTIN BINDING-SITE; CHOLESTEROL-FED RABBITS; ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CHEMOTACTIC FACTOR; INTEGRIN VLA-4; EXPRESSION; MACROPHAGES; IDENTIFICATION AB Accumulation of monocyte-derived foam cells in focal areas of the arterial intima is a key step in early atherogenesis. We investigated the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), a mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule, in the arterial endothelium during the early phases of diet-induced atherogenesis in rabbits in vivo and the regulation of VCAM-1 expression by cytokines in rabbit aortic organoid cultures in vitro. Rabbits were fed either an atherogenic diet (containing 0.3% cholesterol, 9% coconut oil, and 1% corn oil) or an isocaloric control diet (10% corn oil) for 4 days or 1, 3, 6, or 13 weeks. The endothelium in the ascending aorta focally expressed VCAM-1 after only 1 week on the atherogenic diet but before the first appearance of intimal macrophages, as judged by immunohistochemical staining of serial sections. The rabbits that consumed the atherogenic diet for 3 weeks or longer developed lesions in the intima composed of macrophages bearing class II major histocompatibility antigen (MHC-II). Endothelial cells continued to focally express VCAM-1 at sites of MHC-II-positive intimal macrophages for up to 13 weeks. The ascending aortas of control rabbits lacked VCAM-1 or MHC-II-positive endothelium or macrophages at all times studied. These observations demonstrate the focal activation of arterial endothelium as early as 7 days after initiation of an atherogenic diet (at serum cholesterol levels of 308+/-57 mg/dl). In organoid cultures of rabbit thoracic aortas, Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide or the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-4, as well as interferon gamma, induced VCAM-1 expression in the endothelium. Our results suggest that the activation of cytokine-inducible endothelial functions, such as expression of VCAM-1, may participate in the initiation of diet-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. C1 BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV CARDIOVASC,VASC MED & ATHEROSCLEROSIS UNIT,221 LONGWOOD AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,DIV VASC RES,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01-HL-36028, HL-34636, R01-HL-45563] NR 42 TC 513 Z9 533 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1049-8834 J9 ARTERIOSCLER THROMB JI Arterioscler. Thromb. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 13 IS 2 BP 197 EP 204 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA KL620 UT WOS:A1993KL62000006 PM 7678986 ER PT J AU CONKLIN, MH SOMMERFELD, RA LAIRD, SK VILLINSKI, JE AF CONKLIN, MH SOMMERFELD, RA LAIRD, SK VILLINSKI, JE TI SULFUR-DIOXIDE REACTIONS ON ICE SURFACES - IMPLICATIONS FOR DRY DEPOSITION TO SNOW SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE SULFUR DIOXIDE; DRY DEPOSITION; ICE; SNOW; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; ICE AIR INTERFACE; PRE-MELT LAYER; LABORATORY STUDY ID GASEOUS DEPOSITION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; WATER PHASE; SO2; CHEMISTRY; MODEL AB Controlled exposure of ice to a reactive gas, SO2, demonstrated the importance of the chemical composition of the ice surface on the accumulation of acidity in snow. In a series of bench-scale continuous-flow column experiments run at four temperatures (-1. -8, -30 and -60-degrees-C), SO2 was shown to dissolve and to react with other species in the ice air interfacial region at temperatures approaching the melting point of ice. Experiments consisted of passing air containing SO2 through glass columns packed with 100-mum ice spheres of varying bulk composition (0-5 muM H2O2, and 0-1 mM NaCl), and analysing SO2 in the air and SO42- in the ice. At all temperatures (-60 to -1-degrees-C), increased retention volumes were found for increasing ionic strength and oxidant concentration. At the coldest temperatures and with no NaCl, increased retention volumes for -60 vs -30-degrees-C are consistent with SO2 uptake by physical adsorption. At warmer temperatures, -8 and -1-degrees-C, the observed tailing in the sorption curves indicated that other processes besides physical adsorption were occurring. The desorption curves showed a rapid decrease for the warmer temperatures, indicating the sorbed SO2 is irreversibly oxidized to SO42-. Results indicate that aqueous-phase reactions can occur below -8-degrees-C (i.e. -30 and -60-degrees-C). Results for different salt concentrations show that increasing ionic strength facilitates SO2 oxidation at colder temperatures, which is consistent with freezing point depression. One environmental implication is that snowpacks in areas with background SO2, can accumulate acidity during the winter months. As acidity accumulates, the solubility of SO2 will decrease causing a concomitant decrease in the air-to-surface flux of SO2. Modeling dry deposition of gases to snow surfaces should incorporate the changing composition of the ice surface. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP CONKLIN, MH (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT HYDROL & WATER RESOURCES,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD FEB PY 1993 VL 27 IS 2 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90346-Z PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KP206 UT WOS:A1993KP20600005 ER PT J AU MASSMAN, WJ AF MASSMAN, WJ TI PARTITIONING OZONE FLUXES TO SPARSE GRASS AND SOIL AND THE INFERRED RESISTANCES TO DRY DEPOSITION SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE OZONE DRY DEPOSITION; SHORT-GRASS STEPPE; EDDY COVARIANCE FLUXES; INFERRED BULK RESISTANCES ID SURFACE AB A two-source (Penman Monteith type) model, used in a preceding companion study as a diagnostic tool to partition objectively half-hourly measurements of evapotranspiration into bare soil and plant components and to derive in situ estimates of the bulk plant and soil resistances to evaporation, is extended to include ozone deposition. At the time this study was performed, the total leaf area index (LAI) of the site varied between 0.5 and 0.8. Live plant material accounted for 60-75% of the LAI while the remaining LAI was dead plant material. For present purposes this two-source model augments measurements of the major components of the surface energy balance and other micrometeorological measurements with measurements of the ambient ozone concentration and eddy correlation measurements of the total dry depositional flux of ozone. This study employs the bulk canopy resistances estimated previously with this model along with additional ozone measurements: (1) to partition the ozone dry deposition flux into bare soil and plant components in a region of partial canopy cover and (2) to estimate the intrinsic soil resistance to ozone destruction. The results of this study suggest: (a) that the plant component probably receives no more than 25% of the total ozone depositional flux and this percentage decreases as the soil water available to the plants decreases and (b) that the soil resistance to ozone destruction has a near-surface boundary layer component of about 0.7 s cm-1 and an intrinsic component of about 1.0 s cm-1. RP MASSMAN, WJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD FEB PY 1993 VL 27 IS 2 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90347-2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KP206 UT WOS:A1993KP20600006 ER PT J AU NARANG, SK KLEIN, TA PERERA, OP LIMA, JB TANG, AT AF NARANG, SK KLEIN, TA PERERA, OP LIMA, JB TANG, AT TI GENETIC-EVIDENCE FOR THE EXISTENCE OF CRYPTIC SPECIES IN THE ANOPHELES-ALBITARSIS COMPLEX IN BRAZIL - ALLOZYMES AND MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS SO BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; MOSQUITOS; KEY AB Allozyme and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction studies were undertaken to determine the extent of genetic divergence among field populations of Anopheles albitarsis in Brazil. Two sympatric species, An. deaneorum and An. marajoara, were identified in collections from Costa Marques (CM), Rondonia. Genetic evidence includes (1) the presence of two types of individuals, each with diagnostic allelic clusters (for Had-1, Pgi-1, Pep-1, Mpi-1, and Idh-1), (2) a deficiency of heterozygotes, and (3) characteristic mtDNA haplotypes. In addition, two allopatric cryptic species of An. marajoara were identified, one from Iguape (An. marajoara form IG), Sao Paulo state, and the other from the Island of Marajo (An. marajoara form MA). Though form IG and form-MA resemble form CM in wing spot morphology, they differ from it in diagnostic allozymes and mtDNA haplotypes. An. marajoara form CM had a higher variability (mean heterozygosity, H = 0.22, and percentage of polymorphic loci, P = 66.7) than did form IG and form MA (H = 0.08 in both, and P = 25.0 and 33.3, respectively). Form MA and form IG are genetically more similar to each other than both are to form CM. Based on wing morphology, estimates of F statistics, and genetic similarities, we propose that An. albitarsis in Brazil is a species complex. It comprises at least two morphologically distinguishable species: (1) An. deaneorum (currently one taxon) and (2) the An. marajoara species complex, which further consists of at least three cryptic forms, marajoara form MA, marajoara form IG, and marajoara form CM. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT ENTOMOL,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS & IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. INST BIOL EXERCITO,BR-20911 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. MINIST SAUDE,SUCAM,DIV MALARIA,CENT ENTOMOL LAB,BR-70058 BRASILIA,DF,BRAZIL. RP NARANG, SK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,SO STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 23 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0006-2928 J9 BIOCHEM GENET JI Biochem. Genet. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 112 DI 10.1007/BF02399823 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA KV631 UT WOS:A1993KV63100009 PM 8097085 ER PT J AU SIKORA, LJ AZAD, MI AF SIKORA, LJ AZAD, MI TI BLENDING COMPOSTS WITH FERTILIZERS SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 AYUB AGR RES INST,FAISALABAD,PAKISTAN. RP SIKORA, LJ (reprint author), USDA,MARYLAND AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD FEB PY 1993 VL 34 IS 2 BP 71 EP 71 PG 1 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA KM988 UT WOS:A1993KM98800014 ER PT J AU ESPINOZAVICTORIA, D QUINTERORAMOS, M FERRERACERRATO, R BETHLENFALVAY, GJ AF ESPINOZAVICTORIA, D QUINTERORAMOS, M FERRERACERRATO, R BETHLENFALVAY, GJ TI FITTING PLANTS TO SOIL THROUGH MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI - PLANT NUTRITION IN HOST-ENDOPHYTE COMBINATIONS EVALUATED BY THE DIAGNOSIS AND RECOMMENDATION INTEGRATED SYSTEM SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE DRIS; HELIANTHUS-ANNUS; PLANT NUTRITION; VAM; ZEA-MAYS ID MICROORGANISMS; ASSOCIATIONS; PHOSPHORUS; DEPENDENCE; SELECTION; SYMBIOSIS; RESPONSES; INFECTION; ROOTS AB Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi improve plant growth in marginal soils. This study was conducted to determine the effects of three species of VAM fungi on plant nutrition in two cultivars of corn (Zea mays L.) and one of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Plants were grown in pot cultures under controlled (greenhouse) conditions in a soil high in K, Mg, and P, and low in Ca and N, and were supplied with amounts of VAM-fungal inocula in which equal numbers of infective propagules had previously been determined. Analysis of variance showed highly significant main effects and interactions due to both factors (plant and fungus) for N, P, Ca, and Mg. For K, only plant effects were significant (P<0.043). The uptake of nutrients was selectively enhanced or inhibited by one or the other VAM fungus relative to non-VAM control plants. In sunflower, N concentration was markedly enhanced (73%) by the mixed inoculum of the three fungi, even though individual effects were not significant. Evaluation of leaf nutrient analyses by the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) revealed the utility of this system to rank nutritional effects by VAM fungi in an order of relative nutrient deficiency. The DRIS therefore is seen as a useful tool in evaluating and selecting VAM fungi for the alleviation of specific nutrient disorders. C1 COLEGIO POSTGRAD,CTR EDAFOL,MONTECILLO 56230,MEXICO,MEXICO. USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD FEB PY 1993 VL 15 IS 2 BP 96 EP 102 DI 10.1007/BF00336425 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KV242 UT WOS:A1993KV24200004 ER PT J AU CAHN, MD BOULDIN, DR CRAVO, MS AF CAHN, MD BOULDIN, DR CRAVO, MS TI AMELIORATION OF SUBSOIL ACIDITY IN AN OXISOL OF THE HUMID TROPICS SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM; MAIZE; NITROGEN; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; CATION LEACHING; CANAVALIA-ENSIFORMES; MUCUNA-ATERRIMA ID SULFATE RETENTION; SOIL ACIDITY; CALCIUM; GYPSUM; LIME; PHOSPHOGYPSUM; MAGNESIUM; MOVEMENT AB This work investigated the effects of amendments of fertilizer N and lime on subsoil acidity and maize rooting depth in an acid soil of the central Amazon basin. A split-plot designed field experiment was conducted on a clayey Oxisol (Typic Acrudox) during a 16-month period. Main plots received 0 or 4 Mt ha-1 of lime. Subplots were four crop sequences: (1) Maize-green manure (Canavalia ensiformes); (2) maize-green manure (Mucuna aterrima); (3) maize-bare fallow, with the maize receiving 300 kg ha-1 of urea-N; and (4) bare fallow, with an application of 300 kg ha-1 of urea-N at the same time as sequence 3. Plots were periodically sampled to 1.2 m. The experimental site received 4265 mm of precipitation during 16 months; approximately 60% - 90% of this rain percolated through the profile. Substantial amounts of Ca were leached from the 0 - 30 cm horizon during the experimental period, but only limited amounts accumulated in the subsoil. Base saturation below 45 cm was less than 50% at the end of the experiment regardless of lime treatment. Roots of maize were concentrated in the 0 - 30 cm layers in limed plots and the 0 - 20 cm layers in unlimed plots. In all treatments less than 5% of the roots was found below 50 cm. An acidity balance indicated that considerable acidity was leached below the plow layer and out of the profile. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. CPAA,EMBRAPA,MANAUS,AMAZONAS,BRAZIL. RP CAHN, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP RES PROTECT UNIT,376A AESB,1304 W PENNSYLVANIA AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD FEB PY 1993 VL 15 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1007/BF00336435 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KV242 UT WOS:A1993KV24200014 ER PT J AU BAIANU, IC WEI, TC KUMOSINSKI, TF AF BAIANU, IC WEI, TC KUMOSINSKI, TF TI MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AND O-17 NMR-STUDIES OF AMINO-ACID HYDRATION AND ACTIVITY IN AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS AS A FUNCTION OF PH SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,AFC NMR FACIL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 64 IS 2 BP A268 EP A268 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA KP517 UT WOS:A1993KP51701538 ER PT J AU FARNSWORTH, P KUMOSINSKI, T SCHLEICH, T GROTHVASSELLI, B AF FARNSWORTH, P KUMOSINSKI, T SCHLEICH, T GROTHVASSELLI, B TI PREDICTED 3-D STRUCTURE OF ALPHA-CRYSTALLIN SUBUNITS USING MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS - A WORKING MODEL SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NJMS,NEWARK,NJ 07103. USDA,EERC,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. UCSC,DEPT CHEM,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 64 IS 2 BP A169 EP A169 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA KP517 UT WOS:A1993KP51700969 ER PT J AU FRANCE, LL PIATTY, P NEWMAN, JFE BROWN, F AF FRANCE, LL PIATTY, P NEWMAN, JFE BROWN, F TI 3D-STRUCTURAL PREDICTION OF THE IMMUNODOMINANT LOOP OF 7 ANTIGENIC VARIANTS OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS (FMDV), USING MOLECULAR MODELING TECHNIQUES SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,PIADC,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 64 IS 2 BP A13 EP A13 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA KP517 UT WOS:A1993KP51700069 ER PT J AU KUMOSINSKI, TF FARRELL, HM AF KUMOSINSKI, TF FARRELL, HM TI FOURIER DECONVOLUTION FTIR OF GLOBULAR-PROTEINS IN WATER - COMPARISON WITH X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERRC,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 64 IS 2 BP A171 EP A171 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA KP517 UT WOS:A1993KP51700981 ER PT J AU MCCABE, MA BROWNING, CW THEWALT, JL ADLOF, RO WASSALL, SR AF MCCABE, MA BROWNING, CW THEWALT, JL ADLOF, RO WASSALL, SR TI COMPARISON OF ISOMERIC MONOUNSATURATED PHOSPHOLIPID-MEMBRANES BY 2H NMR SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 INDIANA UNIV PURDUE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46205. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT PHYS,VANCOUVER V6T 1Z1,BC,CANADA. USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 64 IS 2 BP A349 EP A349 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA KP517 UT WOS:A1993KP51702010 ER PT J AU MORAGUTIERREZ, A KUMOSINSKI, TF CURLEY, DM FARRELL, HM AF MORAGUTIERREZ, A KUMOSINSKI, TF CURLEY, DM FARRELL, HM TI TEMPERATURE-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE SECONDARY STRUCTURE OF CAPRINE ALPHA-S1- AND BETA-CASEINS AS DETERMINED BY FTIR SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PRAIRIE VIEW AEM UNIV,PRAIRIE VIEW,TX 77446. USDA,ERRC,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 64 IS 2 BP A165 EP A165 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA KP517 UT WOS:A1993KP51700948 ER PT J AU TU, SI PATTERSON, D BRAUER, D HSU, AF AF TU, SI PATTERSON, D BRAUER, D HSU, AF TI DIFFERENTIAL INHIBITION OF TONOPLAST H+-ATPASE ACTIVITIES BY ORYZALIN SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERRC,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 64 IS 2 BP A353 EP A353 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA KP517 UT WOS:A1993KP51702029 ER PT J AU FRONCZEK, FR HEMINGWAY, RW MCGRAW, GW STEYNBERG, JP HELFER, CA MATTICE, WL AF FRONCZEK, FR HEMINGWAY, RW MCGRAW, GW STEYNBERG, JP HELFER, CA MATTICE, WL TI CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE, CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS, AND MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS OF TETRA-O-METHYL-(+)-CATECHIN SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Article ID C(4)-C(8) LINKED DIMERS; COUPLING-CONSTANTS; 16 C(4)-C(6); SOLID-STATE; (-)-EPICATECHIN; (+)-CATECHIN; FLUORESCENCE; MONOMER; DECAY AB The structure of tetra-O-methyl-(+)-catechin has been determined in the crystalline state. Two independent molecules, denoted structure A and structure B, exist in the unit cell. Crystals are triclinic, space group P1, a = 4.8125(2) angstrom, b = 12.9148 (8) angstrom, c = 13.8862(11) angstrom, alpha = 86.962 (6)-degrees, beta = 89.120 (5)-degrees, gamma = 88.044(5)-degrees, Z = 2, D(c) = 1.336 g cm-3, R = 0.033 for 6830 observations. The heterocyclic rings o the crystal structures are compared to previous results tor 8-bromotetra-O-methyl-(+)-catechin, penta-O-acetyl-(+)-catechin, and (-)-epicatechin. One of the two molecules has a heterocyclic ring conformation similar to that observed previously for (-)-epicatechin, and the other has a heterocyclic ring conformation similar to one predicted earlier in a theoretical analysis of dimers of (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin. Both structure A and structure B in t he crystal have heterocyclic ring conformations that place the dimethoxyphenyl substituent, at C(2) in the equatorial position. However, this heterocyclic ring conformation does not explain the proton nmr coupling constant measured in solution. Molecular dynamics simulations show an equatorial half arrow left over half arrow right axial interconversion of the heterocyclic ring, which can explain the nmr results. C1 SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. UNIV ORANGE FREE STATE,DEPT CHEM,BLOEMFONTEIN 9301,SOUTH AFRICA. UNIV AKRON,DEPT APPL PHYS,AKRON,OH 44325. LOUISIANA COLL,DEPT CHEM,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP FRONCZEK, FR (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0006-3525 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 2 BP 275 EP 282 DI 10.1002/bip.360330209 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA KL125 UT WOS:A1993KL12500008 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, DW COCKBURN, AF SEAWRIGHT, JA AF JOHNSON, DW COCKBURN, AF SEAWRIGHT, JA TI INEXPENSIVE PROTEASE SOURCE FOR IMPROVING THE SPECIFICITY OF DNA HYBRIDIZATIONS SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RI Cockburn, Andrew/B-1354-2009 OI Cockburn, Andrew/0000-0002-1636-9019 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD FEB PY 1993 VL 14 IS 2 BP 195 EP 195 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA KL409 UT WOS:A1993KL40900010 PM 8094285 ER PT J AU TYREE, MT AF TYREE, MT TI THEORY OF VESSEL-LENGTH DETERMINATION - THE PROBLEM OF NONRANDOM VESSEL ENDS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE VESSEL-LENGTH DISTRIBUTION ID WOODY-PLANTS; STEMS AB A theoretical analysis was undertaken to examine the accuracy of algorithms commonly used to compute vessel lengths from paint perfusion experiments. The double-difference (DD) algorithm assumes that all vessels have randomly distributed vessel ends along the axis of the paint-perfused stem and that vessels do not branch. When these conditions were met, the DD algorithm overestimated die frequency of short vessels and underestimated the frequency of long vessels. When these conditions were not met, negative numbers for frequencies were outputted by the DD algorithm. Two algorithms for correcting for negative numbers were examined, one used by Zimmermann and the other used by Ewers and Fisher. Neither algorithm produced the correct result, but the correction algorithm proposed by Ewers and Fisher produced more accurate results. RP TYREE, MT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,705 SPEAR ST,POB 968,BURLINGTON,VT 05402, USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 71 IS 2 BP 297 EP 302 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KY546 UT WOS:A1993KY54600009 ER PT J AU DOLLOFF, CA AF DOLLOFF, CA TI PREDATION BY RIVER OTTERS (LUTRA-CANADENSIS) ON JUVENILE COHO SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH) AND DOLLY VARDEN (SALVELINUS-MALMA) IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ATLANTIC SALMON; SALAR L AB The effect of predation by river otters (Lutra canadensis) on juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) in a Southeast Alaska watershed was inferred by examining the number and size distribution of sagittal otoliths that were found in otter scats. Individual scats contained up to 408 otoliths, indicating that at least 200 fish had been eaten between defecations. Otoliths from juvenile salmonids out-numbered those from coastrange sculpins (Cottus aleuticus) by about six to one. Based on examination of over 8000 otoliths found in otter scats, at least 3300 juvenile salmonids were eaten by two river otters and their two young in the Kadashan River system during a 6-wk period in late spring 1985. C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 50 IS 2 BP 312 EP 315 DI 10.1139/f93-036 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LK296 UT WOS:A1993LK29600012 ER PT J AU SORENSEN, FC CAMPBELL, RK AF SORENSEN, FC CAMPBELL, RK TI SEED WEIGHT - SEEDLING SIZE CORRELATION IN COASTAL DOUGLAS-FIR - GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SPRUCE; GROWTH AB The effect of seed weight on nursery seedling height was analyzed in two experiments. In expt. 1, 16 seeds per family from 111 families were individually weighed and sown in autumn. In expt. 2, a second group of 16 seeds were individually weighed and stratified and sown in spring. Four-tree noncontiguous family plots were randomly assigned to two densities in two replications in each experiment. Date of emergence and duration and rate of shoot elongation were determined over 2 years of growth. Seedlings in expt. 1 were exposed to damaging frost after emergence; some seedlings in expt. 2 suffered Lygus bug damage to the terminal shoot. Developmental associations between seed weight, a maternally inherited trait, and seedling height and its components were examined using sets of path analyses with and without adjustment for planned and accidental treatment effects. Results suggested both ''environmental'' and ''genetic'' contributions of seed weight to seedling height. The weight (environmental) component, alone, decreased with time. The genetic component, which was indicated by lack of direct effect of seed weight on seedling height in the path analyses and by changing female:male variance ratios over time, was quite stable across treatment effects. Because of the genetic relation, seed weight adjustment is not recommended as a procedure for increasing precision in early selection of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) RP SORENSEN, FC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 23 IS 2 BP 275 EP 285 DI 10.1139/x93-037 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KT108 UT WOS:A1993KT10800020 ER PT J AU REAMS, GA NICHOLAS, NS ZEDAKER, SM AF REAMS, GA NICHOLAS, NS ZEDAKER, SM TI 200 YEAR VARIATION OF SOUTHERN RED SPRUCE RADIAL GROWTH AS ESTIMATED BY SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID TREE-RING ANALYSIS; APPALACHIAN FORESTS; DECLINE; DEPOSITION; CLIMATE; TRENDS; PINE AB Spectral analysis was applied to high-elevation (greater-than-or-equal-to 1800 m) old-growth(greater-than-or-equal-to 200 years) red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.)tree-ring data from eight plots on Clingmans Dome, North Carolina. Low-frequency sine and cosine functions with wavelengths greater than or equal to 10 years accounted for between 76 and 90% of the variation in mean ring widths for all eight sites analyzed. Mean radial growth has increased and decreased no less than nine times over the last 200 years, with no evidence of constant radial growth for extended periods of time. Since the mid-1960s, radial growth has decreased and increased twice and is currently increasing through 1986, the last year of sampling. Growth in 1976 was equal to or greater than pre-1965 levels. A local maximum (mid-1960s) of the periodic cycles in radial growth coincides with the reported downturn in radial growth of red spruce at other locations in the southern Appalachians. Verification of historical growth periodicities can best be evaluated through continual monitoring of trees from a greater number of sites. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,NORRIS,TN 37828. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,BLACKSBURG,VA 24060. RP REAMS, GA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,SO FOREST EXPT STN,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 23 IS 2 BP 291 EP 301 DI 10.1139/x93-039 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KT108 UT WOS:A1993KT10800022 ER PT J AU SMITH, KT OSTROFSKY, WD AF SMITH, KT OSTROFSKY, WD TI CAMBIAL AND INTERNAL ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE OF RED SPRUCE TREES IN 8 DIVERSE STANDS IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note ID BALSAM FIR TREES; CAPACITANCE; YOUNG; DECAY; WOOD AB Rating systems are being developed to determine the degree to which forests are at risk from pests, pathogens, and anthropogenic disturbances. Measurements of electrical resistance of living trees have been shown to be correlated with cambial growth and alterations of wood function in a wide range of species. A comparison was made of patterns of cambial electrical resistance and of stem internal electrical resistance for eight red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) stands in the northeastern United States. Stands were compared by a new procedure using cambial electrical resistance profiles. The resulting groupings provided a refinement of vigor categories over other comparative methods, and the technique should prove useful for guiding management decisions. No direct relationship was found between the internal tree condition and the cambial electrical resistance, and implications of this with regard to monitoring forest stand health are discussed. C1 UNIV MAINE,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,COOPERAT FORESTRY RES UNIT,ORONO,ME 04469. RP SMITH, KT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 640,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 23 IS 2 BP 322 EP 326 DI 10.1139/x93-044 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KT108 UT WOS:A1993KT10800027 ER PT J AU FRENCH, AD SCHAFER, L NEWTON, SQ AF FRENCH, AD SCHAFER, L NEWTON, SQ TI OVERLAPPING ANOMERIC EFFECTS IN A SUCROSE ANALOG SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL CALCULATIONS; MM3 FORCE-FIELD; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MELEZITOSE MONOHYDRATE; MECHANICS; HYDROCARBONS; RINGS AB Previous calculations with the molecular mechanics program MM3 gave unusually high energies (as much as 5.5 kcal/mol) for sucrosyl geometries found in single-crystal diffraction studies of oligosaccharides. Comparable MM3 energies for observed interresidue linkage conformations of disaccharides such as maltose and cellobiose are all within 2.8 kcal/mol. These results suggest that some energies calculated by MM3 for the linkage between anomeric centers of a pyranose ring and a furanose ring are too high. In the present paper, ab initio calculations at the 4-21G level and MM3 were used to study the conformational energies and geometry of a sucrose analogue, tetrahydro-2-[(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)oxy]-2H-pyran. The range of energies of the observed structures was substantially reduced (to 2.4 kcal/mol) with the 4-21G calculations for the analogue despite an increase for the analogue (to 7.5 kcal/mol) based on new MM3 calculations. Besides the improved energy values, the 4-21G calculations also reproduced the observed variations in the endocyclic C-O bond lengths better than did MM3. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS, DEPT CHEM, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA. RP FRENCH, AD (reprint author), USDA, SO REG RES CTR, POB 19687, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 1993 VL 239 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(93)84202-H PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA KL211 UT WOS:A1993KL21100004 PM 8458001 ER PT J AU ALEXANDER, EB MALLORY, JI COLWELL, WL AF ALEXANDER, EB MALLORY, JI COLWELL, WL TI SOIL-ELEVATION RELATIONSHIPS ON A VOLCANIC PLATEAU IN THE SOUTHERN CASCADE RANGE, NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, USA SO CATENA LA English DT Article ID NEVADA AB The main features of an altitudinal sequence were determined from mapping soils on a late Cenozoic volcanic plateau west-southwest of Lassen Peak, and from the analyses of 27 pedons sampled from 270 to 2030 m above sea level. This sequence is characterized by thermic Rhodoxeralfs in oak-grassland below 500 m through mesic Palexeralfs, mesic Xeric Haplohumults, frigid Andic Haplohumults, and Haplocryands in conifer forest. Soil depth and clay content are greatest in the lower part of the conifer forest, but soils in the oak-grassland are slightly redder. The characteristic (not necessarily predominant) clay minerals, from low to high altitude, are smectite, kaolinite, halloysite, hydrated halloysite, and allophane. Soil reaction ranges from slightly acid at all depths in the oak-grassland to strongly acid in the surface and very strongly acid in the subsoil at higher altitude. The soil organic carbon content increases from about 9 kg/m2-m in the oak-grassland to about 11 in the lower part and 25 kg/m2-m or more in the upper part of the conifer forest. Soil organic carbon to total nitrogen ratios range from 11 to 14 in the oak-grassland and from 25 to 35 in the surface horizons in the conifer forest; increase with elevation in the forest being relatively small compared to the abrupt increase in C:N ratio from grassland to forest. C1 US FOREST SERV,REDDING,CA 96001. US FOREST SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP ALEXANDER, EB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,OGDEN,UT 84401, USA. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD FEB-APR PY 1993 VL 20 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 128 DI 10.1016/0341-8162(93)90032-K PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA KN357 UT WOS:A1993KN35700008 ER PT J AU PAVLATH, AE WONG, DSW KUMOSINSKI, TF AF PAVLATH, AE WONG, DSW KUMOSINSKI, TF TI NEW COATINGS FOR CUT FRUITS AND VEGETABLES SO CHEMTECH LA English DT Article C1 USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA. RP PAVLATH, AE (reprint author), USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0009-2703 J9 CHEMTECH JI Chemtech PD FEB PY 1993 VL 23 IS 2 BP 36 EP 40 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA KL972 UT WOS:A1993KL97200012 ER PT J AU THYAGARAJA, BS MASLER, EP KELLY, TJ BORKOVEC, AB AF THYAGARAJA, BS MASLER, EP KELLY, TJ BORKOVEC, AB TI THYROXINE-INDUCED CHANGES IN OVARIAN PROTEIN AND ECDYSTEROID LEVELS IN THE SILKWORM, BOMBYX-MORI L - EFFECT ON OVARIAN MATURATION AND EGG-PRODUCTION SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CULTURED GH1 CELLS; HORMONE; GROWTH AB 1. Feeding of thyroxine to larvae of the bivoltine silkworm, Bombyx mori L. resulted in increased pupal hemolymph protein and ecdysteroid levels, increased yolk deposition and accelerated oocyte maturation. 2. Due to early yolk deposition, mature oocytes were more numerous than vitellogenic oocytes in the ovarian tubules of thyroxine-treated animals scored on pupal day 8. 3. Oocyte size was significantly higher following the thyroxine treatment. 4. Pupal-adult eclosion was accelerated. 5. Hemolymph and oocyte ecdysteroid profiles were quantitatively and qualitatively altered. 6. The data suggest that the vertebrate hormone thyroxine effects changes in insect development and maturation through changes in ecdysteroid patterns. C1 USDA,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BLDG 306,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CENT SILK BOARD,REG SERICULTURAL RES STN,NAGAR 571313,INDIA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 104 IS 2 BP 247 EP 253 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(93)90312-R PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA KL976 UT WOS:A1993KL97600011 ER PT J AU CLARK, L AVILOVA, KV BEAN, NJ AF CLARK, L AVILOVA, KV BEAN, NJ TI ODOR THRESHOLDS IN PASSERINES SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILES; BIRDS AB 1. Eight species of passerines were evaluated for their ability to form conditioned responses to odor stimuli. Only 5 species met training criteria and were tested for odor detection thresholds. 2. Detection thresholds were comparable to other passerines tested. Detection values were also similar to mammalian macrosmatic species, such as rats and rabbits. Thus, despite the poorly elaborated olfactory anatomy of passerines, these birds possess an adequate sense of smell. 3. Within the Passeriformes there is no correlation between olfactory acuity and relative size of the olfactory bulb. However, there is a correlation between acuity and olfactory bulb size across orders of birds. These latter observations are consistent with hypotheses correlating form and function. C1 MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,INST ECOL & MORPHOL,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. VASSAR COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,POUGHKEEPSIE,NY 12601. RP CLARK, L (reprint author), USDA,ANIM PLANT & HLTH INSPECT SERV,SCI & TECHNOL DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 104 IS 2 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(93)90322-U PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA KL976 UT WOS:A1993KL97600021 ER PT J AU WACHTEL, SS TIERSCH, TR AF WACHTEL, SS TIERSCH, TR TI VARIATIONS IN GENOME MASS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CELLULAR DNA CONTENT; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; SIZE VARIATION; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; EVOLUTION; FISHES; BIRDS; CANCER AB 1. Genome size varies considerably among vertebrates, ranging from less than 1 pg to more than 200 pg; the amount of DNA differing among individuals in a population can equal the amount in the entire structural gene complement. 2. Recent technological advances permit evaluation of genome size variation at several levels including sub-chromosomal, chromosomal and cellular. 3. Genome size variation may also be viewed from taxonomic levels, and across evolutionary time frames. 4. As sources of genome size variation are identified and studied, the conundrum of the C-value paradox (lack of correlations among genome size, genomic complexity and phylogenetic status of organisms) may prove to be more apparent than real. 5. For example, the limited and relatively constant genome size of avians may be related to the physiological constraints of flight, C1 UNIV TENNESSEE CTR HLTH SCI, MEMPHIS, TN 38163 USA. USDA ARS, CATFISH GENET RES UNIT, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. NR 55 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 EI 1879-1107 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 104 IS 2 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(93)90360-H PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA KN062 UT WOS:A1993KN06200001 PM 8462275 ER PT J AU FLEMING, MW AF FLEMING, MW TI CATECHOLAMINES DURING DEVELOPMENT OF THE PARASITIC NEMATODE, HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ECDYSIS AB 1. Catecholamines from infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus were extracted, separated on HPLC, and measured on an electrochemical detector. DOMA 18 ng/100,000 larvae: NE 6 ng: E 1 ng: DA 1 ng 2. Levels of norepinephrine decreased below detection level rapidly after gassing with CO2. 3. Levels of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid (DOMA), a metabolite of norepinephrine, increased when exsheathment took place in tap water rather than buffer. RP FLEMING, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0742-8413 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 104 IS 2 BP 333 EP 334 DI 10.1016/0742-8413(93)90044-L PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA KV598 UT WOS:A1993KV59800020 PM 8098687 ER PT J AU BRUGGER, KE AF BRUGGER, KE TI DIGESTIBILITY OF 3 FISH SPECIES BY DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE DIGESTION; DOROSOMA-CEPEDIANUM; FISH-EATING BIRDS; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; METABOLIZABLE ENERGY COEFFICIENT; NITROGEN CORRECTION; PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS ID FOOD TRANSIT RATES; ENERGY; BIOENERGETICS; REQUIREMENTS; GROWTH; PREY AB I determined daily energy requirements of captive Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and their metabolizable energy coefficients (MECs) for three fish species: channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Ad libitum intake ranged from 264 to 503 g . bird -1 . day -1 among tests, resulting in metabolizable energy values of 616 to 1,334 kJ . kg -1 .day-1. Ninety percent of the marker carmine red was recovered in 48 hr, suggesting that collection periods should be ca. three days to determine digestion efficiencies. Estimated MECs ranged from 77.9% to 89.2% among fish diets, with bluegill < channel catfish = gizzard shad. No seasonal differences were found for MECs of catfish. Nitrogen corrections reduced MECs to approximately 75% for bluegill, 78% for gizzard shad, and 79% for channel catfish. C1 USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ZOOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 37 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 9 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 1993 VL 95 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.2307/1369383 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA KQ367 UT WOS:A1993KQ36700002 ER PT J AU COUTINHO, LL MORRIS, J MARKS, HL BUHR, RJ IVARIE, R AF COUTINHO, LL MORRIS, J MARKS, HL BUHR, RJ IVARIE, R TI DELAYED SOMITE FORMATION IN A QUAIL LINE EXHIBITING MYOFIBER HYPERPLASIA IS ACCOMPANIED BY DELAYED EXPRESSION OF MYOGENIC REGULATORY FACTORS AND MYOSIN HEAVY-CHAIN SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE SOMITE; QMFL; BHLH; MYOGENIC FACTORS; MYOGENESIS; MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN; COUTURNIX; QUAIL; HYPERPLASIA ID LONG-TERM SELECTION; JAPANESE QUAIL; GENE FAMILY; AVIAN EMBRYOS; CELL LINEAGE; BODY-WEIGHT; MYOD FAMILY; MUSCLE; MUSCULATURE; ORIGIN AB A myofiber hyperplastic quail line P has been developed through selection for heavy body weight. Since the number of muscle fibers is determined early in development and skeletal muscle originates from somites, we compared somite formation and muscle-specific gene expression in P- and control C-line quail embryos. At 47 hours of incubation, C embryos had 18 somite pairs and P embryos had 14.3. By 72 and 120 hours, both lines appeared to be at the same stage of somite development. To determine whether the delay in the formation of the brachial somites was accompanied by alterations in muscle-specific gene expression, we conducted whole-mount in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence studies. At 47 hours of incubation, C embryos were expressing qmf1 in the first 12 somites, while in P embryos only the first 7 somites showed qmf1 activation. Delays in expression were also observed for qmf3 at 43 hours and for all three myogenic factors (qmf1, qmf2 and qmf3) at 60 hours. At 65 hours, C embryos expressed myosin heavy chain in the first 15 somite pairs and P embryos in the first 7. At 72 hours, the transient delay in somite formation had disappeared and there was no lag in myosin heavy chain expression between the lines. The phase delay in brachial somite formation, myogenic factors and myosin heavy chain expression may be associated with the observed myofiber hyperplasia in P-line quail by allowing an increase in the muscle stem cell population. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT GENET,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT POULTRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA,ARS,SEPRL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RI Coutinho, Luiz/C-8455-2012 NR 41 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4DL SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD FEB PY 1993 VL 117 IS 2 BP 563 EP 569 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA KU455 UT WOS:A1993KU45500014 PM 8330527 ER PT J AU NAKAMURA, F SWANSON, FJ AF NAKAMURA, F SWANSON, FJ TI EFFECTS OF COARSE WOODY DEBRIS ON MORPHOLOGY AND SEDIMENT STORAGE OF A MOUNTAIN STREAM SYSTEM IN WESTERN OREGON SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY; SEDIMENT STORAGE; DEBRIS FLOW; FLOOD ID CHANNEL AB Effects of coarse woody debris (CWD) on channel morphology and sediment storage were investigated at five sites, representative of first-order to fifth-order streams. In the steep and bedrock-confined stream (first second order), interaction between the channel and CWD was limited, except where breakage upon falling produced CWD pieces shorter than channel width. Channel widening, steepening and sediment storage associated with CWD were observed predominantly in third- to fifth-order streams. Variation in channel width and gradient was regulated by CWD. In the fifth-order stream, most of the CWD pieces derived from the riparian forest interacted directly with the channel without being suspended by sideslopes. In this system CWD promoted lateral channel migration, but sediment storage was temporary, with annual release and capture. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP NAKAMURA, F (reprint author), HOKKAIDO UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,SAPPORO,HOKKAIDO 060,JAPAN. RI Nakamura, Futoshi/A-6696-2012; OI Nakamura, Futoshi/0000-0003-4351-2578 NR 21 TC 182 Z9 189 U1 1 U2 26 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROCESSES JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 18 IS 1 BP 43 EP 61 DI 10.1002/esp.3290180104 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA KJ802 UT WOS:A1993KJ80200003 ER PT J AU KREMER, RJ AF KREMER, RJ TI MANAGEMENT OF WEED SEED BANKS WITH MICROORGANISMS SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; DETERIORATION RESISTANCE MECHANISMS; INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT; MICROBIAL ECOLOGY; SEED DORMANCY; SOIL ENVIRONMENT; WEED SEED BANK ID VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; CORN ZEA-MAYS; DETERIORATION RESISTANCE MECHANISMS; SOIL; SURVIVAL; EMERGENCE; LONGEVITY; VIABILITY; PATTERNS; DECLINE AB Successful weed management in agroecosystems centers on manipulating the weed seed bank in soil, the source of annual weed infestations. Despite advances in above-ground weed control and decreases in the production of new seeds, weed infestations continue to be generated from a small portion of the seed bank that persists as a result of dormancy and resistance to decay. Depletion of the persistent seeds using soil-applied chemicals to stimulate germination has received much attention while the search for microorganisms selective for seed decay has been largely overlooked. This paper provides an overview of the effects of microorganisms on weed seed viability relative to seed bank depletion, and how this information can be applied to weed management. Limited studies indicate that microorganisms associated with weed seeds can contribute to seed bank depletion through attraction to seeds by chemotaxis, rapid colonization of the spermosphere and production of enzymes and/or phytotoxins to kill seeds prior to germination. It is recognized, however, that the best opportunity for success will be through integration of selected microorganisms or microbial products with other approaches including germination stimulation, application of low rates of herbicides, manipulation of the soil environment (e.g., solarization), and biological control agents for effectively eliminating dormant, persistent seeds from soil. To achieve success, more in-depth research on microbial factors affecting weed seed banks is required. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP KREMER, RJ (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 62 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 5 U2 26 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.2307/1941791 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LN263 UT WOS:A1993LN26300013 PM 27759226 ER PT J AU FORCELLA, F ERADATOSKOUI, K WAGNER, SW AF FORCELLA, F ERADATOSKOUI, K WAGNER, SW TI APPLICATION OF WEED SEEDBANK ECOLOGY TO LOW-INPUT CROP MANAGEMENT SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE AGROECOLOGY; AMARANTHUS-RETROFLEXUS; CHENOPODIUM-ALBUM; CORN; SEED DORMANCY; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; SETARIA-GLAUCA; SETARIA-VIRIDIS; SOYBEAN; SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; WEED CONTROL ID CORN; EMERGENCE; SOIL AB Pesticide use in the United States is concentrated in the Com Belt, mainly in the form of herbicides on com (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max). If this chemical load to the environment is to be reduced, without appreciably affecting crop yields, an intimate understanding of weed ecology is necessary. For annual weeds in the U.S. Corn Belt, critical ecological information includes seedbank density, seed dormancy, seedling emergence, and environmental variables that regulate these factors. For three weeds (Setaria spp., Amaranthus retroflexus, and Chenopodium album) in Minnesota, this information is summarized, and its application to weed management is illustrated. If weed seedbank densities (0-10 cm depth) are < 1 00 seeds/m2 prior to spring tillage operations, subsequent seedling populations are too low (<40 seedlings/m2) to require control. Seedbanks ranging from 100-1000 seeds/m2 produce seedling populations (<400 Seedlings/m2) that can be controlled mechanically. In contrast, pre-tillage seedbanks > 1 000 seeds/m2 typically result in such high seedling populations that nonchemical control measures alone cannot prevent large crop yield losses. About one-half of all arable fields harbor seedbanks with densities > 1000 seeds/m2. The proportion of buried seeds giving rise to seedlings is controlled by seed dormancy, which in turn is governed partially by April temperatures (in Minnesota), whereas the timing of subsequent seedling emergence is determined by soil temperature and soil water. EMERG models simulate daily percentages of emerging weed seedlings for April through June, when most Com Belt crops are sown. If seedbeds of fields with potential seedling densities of 100 seedlings/m2 are prepared and sown when simulated emergence exceeds almost-equal-to 80% for C album, 85% for A. retroflexus, and 99% for Setaria spp., then mechanical weed control sufficiently reduces weed populations and crop yield losses are negligible. Accordingly, mechanical weed control may be substituted economically for chemical control, but only when accompanied by adequate understanding of the ecology of pertinent weed species. RP FORCELLA, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 18 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 10 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 74 EP 83 DI 10.2307/1941793 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LN263 UT WOS:A1993LN26300015 PM 27759235 ER PT J AU TURCHIN, P THOENY, WT AF TURCHIN, P THOENY, WT TI QUANTIFYING DISPERSAL OF SOUTHERN PINE BEETLES WITH MARK RECAPTURE EXPERIMENTS AND A DIFFUSION-MODEL SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE BARK BEETLES; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; DIFFUSION; DISPERSAL; DISTRIBUTION OF DISPERSAL DISTANCES; FOREST INSECTS; MODEL; QUANTITATIVE MEASURE OF DISPERSAL; SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY ID COLEOPTERA; INSECTS; SCOLYTIDAE; MOVEMENT AB Pest management decisions should take into consideration quantitative information on dispersal of insect pests, but such information is often lacking. The goal of this study was to measure intraforest dispersal in the southern pine beetle (SPB). We developed an analytical formula for interpreting data from mark-recapture studies of insect dispersal. The formula is obtained by postulating a simple model of diffusion with disappearance (e.g., as a result of death) for the spread of marked insects from the release point. Parameters of the model (assumed to be invariant in space) are estimated by fitting the curve to the cumulative number of recaptured insects as a function of the distance from release. We also derived an expression for the distribution of dispersal distances in terms of the fitted parameters. The proposed methodology was applied to a mark-recapture study of SPB dispersal. Statistical analysis of recaptures-with-distance curves obtained in 11 replicate releases indicated that the proposed formula provided an accurate description of the data. There were no systematic departures from the functional relationship prescribed by the formula, and the model consistently outperformed another commonly used formula for fitting data on dispersal distances, the exponential curve. We explored the effect of spatial heterogeneity in the host distribution on SPB movement by regressing the deviation from the recapture rate predicted by the model in each trap on the pine basal area around the trap. This correlation was significantly greater than zero, indicating that beetles tended to aggregate in localities where pines were dense. This result suggests that a diffusion model with spatially varying parameters may provide a more accurate description of the redistribution process in the SPB. Quantitative results on SPB intraforest dispersal were summarized by calculating radii of circles enclosing a given proportion of SPB dispersal distances. For example, we estimated that one half of released beetles dispersed > 0.69 km. This result has important implications for evaluating the area-wide consequences of current or novel control tactics that rely on disrupting SPB movements, e.g., cut-and-leave and treatments with anti-congregation pheromone. RP TURCHIN, P (reprint author), SO FOREST EXPT STN,2500 SHREVEPORT HIGHWAY,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 35 TC 147 Z9 150 U1 5 U2 40 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 187 EP 198 DI 10.2307/1941801 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LN263 UT WOS:A1993LN26300023 PM 27759232 ER PT J AU LIEBHOLD, AM SIMONS, EE SIOR, A UNGER, JD AF LIEBHOLD, AM SIMONS, EE SIOR, A UNGER, JD TI FORECASTING DEFOLIATION CAUSED BY THE GYPSY-MOTH FROM FIELD-MEASUREMENTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIIDAE; SAMPLING; EGG MASS ID LYMANTRIIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; OAK AB The correlation of various preseason field measurements with subsequent defoliation by the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), was examined from a series of forest stands in central Pennsylvania. These measurements included preseason egg-mass density, density of old egg masses (residual egg masses from previous generations), fecundity, number of larvae hatching per mass, egg-mass length, and host-tree basal area. Egg density (product of fecundity and egg-mass density) was the best single variable for predicting defoliation. The product of egg-mass density and mean egg-mass length provided predictions of defoliation nearly as well as egg density, reflecting the previously observed linear relationship between egg-mass length and fecundity. The addition of the ratio of new-old egg masses to the model significantly increased the model fit. Parameters of these and other parameters in linear and nonlinear (Weibull) models are provided. These results indicate that recording one or two additional field measurements (egg-mass length or counts of old egg masses) increases the precision in the prediction of defoliation when densities range from 100 to 10,000 egg masses per acre (250 to 25,000 egg masses per ha). C1 PENN DEPT ENVIRONM RESOURCES,MIDDLETOWN,PA 17057. PENN BUR FORESTRY,BLAIN,PA 17006. RP LIEBHOLD, AM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,180 CANFIELD ST,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KM008 UT WOS:A1993KM00800005 ER PT J AU FLINT, HM YAMAMOTO, AK PARKS, NJ NYOMURA, K AF FLINT, HM YAMAMOTO, AK PARKS, NJ NYOMURA, K TI AERIAL CONCENTRATIONS OF GOSSYPLURE, THE SEX-PHEROMONE OF THE PINK-BOLLWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, GELECHIIDAE), WITHIN AND ABOVE COTTON FIELDS TREATED WITH LONG-LASTING DISPENSERS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PECTINOPHORA-GOSSYPIELLA; PHEROMONES; GOSSYPLURE AB Cotton plants, Gossypium spp. were treated with long-lasting dispensers containing gossyplure, the sex pheromone of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). Samples of air from 0.15 m above ground level and from above the tops of plants were pulled through adsorbent cartridges during day and night periods (0600-1800 and 1800-0600 hours [PST], respectively) and analyzed by gas chromatography for gossyplure content. The gossyplure was applied in Shin-Etsu rope or bag dispensers to 5-ha areas at rates of 86.8 or 71.6 g AI/ha, respectively, at the pin-square (first-flower bud) stage of plant development. Air samples were taken during 3-d periods beginning 20, 40, 63, and 84 d after application. Ten Delta traps, each baited with 1 mg of gossyplure, were used to capture males in each treated area and an untreated control field. Eight samples of 200 bolls per area were collected weekly from treated and control areas during August and September and incubated for 2 wk before counts of pink bollworm were made. Temperatures and wind speed were recorded at 0.3 and 1.8 m above ground level in the cotton field. Temperatures and wind speeds were similar at 0.3 and 1.8 m above ground level when the cotton plants were small, but as the plants grew, temperatures were 4-degrees-C lower and wind speeds were reduced to <0.5 m/s at 0.3 m. Emission of gossyplure from rope dispensers was greatest following application and then declined, whereas the emission from bag dispensers increased slightly throughout the test period. Trap catch of males in both treated areas was reduced 99% compared with the control area during 60 d following application. No pink bollworm were found in 1,600 bolls collected from each treated area compared with 13 pink bollworm collected from the control area. Aerial concentrations of gossyplure followed similar patterns in rope and bag fields during canopy formation. Daytime and nighttime aerial concentrations of gossyplure at 0.15 m increased significantly during the test, whereas concentrations at the tops of the plants changed little. These results show that the nighttime aerial concentrations in the mating arena of moths at the tops of the plants do not reflect the increasing concentrations at 0.15 m as obtained with the dispensers applied at pin-square. RP FLINT, HM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KM008 UT WOS:A1993KM00800007 ER PT J AU GRANT, GG KATOVICH, SA HALL, DJ LOMBARDO, DA LESSOR, KNSA AF GRANT, GG KATOVICH, SA HALL, DJ LOMBARDO, DA LESSOR, KNSA TI SEX-PHEROMONE IDENTIFICATION AND TRAPPING OF DIORYCTRIA-RESINOSELLA (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIORYCTRIA-RESINOSELLA; SEX PHEROMONES; TRAPPING ID PINE SHOOT MOTH; RED-PINE; CONEWORM; WISCONSIN; INSECTS; HEIGHT AB (Z)-154e161decen3l acetate (Zg-14:Ac) and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol (Z9-14: OH) were identified as sex pheromone components of Dioryctria resinosella Mutuura. Sticky traps baited with 30 mug of Z9-14:Ac in rubber septa were attractive to males, and in some tests the addition of 5% of the E9 isomer enhanced catch. Addition of Z9-14:OH to these acetates did not increase catches, but in combination with Z9-12:Ac, the resulting four-component lure caught significantly more males than did Z9-14:Ac alone. Baited traps at the treetops caught significantly more moths than traps at the midcrown or lower crown (1.8 m above ground) levels. The seasonal flight of D. resinosella, as indicated by catches in pheromone-baited traps, was prolonged. Flight started in mid-July, peaked in mid-August, and continued well into September. Some Dioryctria disclusa Heinrich and D. banksiella Mutuura & Munroe were also captured. C1 US FOREST SERV,ST PAUL,MN 55108. WISCONSIN DNR,MADISON,WI 53711. SIMON FRASER UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BURNABY V5A 1S6,BC,CANADA. RP GRANT, GG (reprint author), FORESTRY CANADA,INST FOREST PEST MANAGEMENT,POB 490,SAULT STE MARIIE P6A 5M7,ON,CANADA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 154 EP 161 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KM008 UT WOS:A1993KM00800022 ER PT J AU VILLA, JD RINDERER, TE COLLINS, AM AF VILLA, JD RINDERER, TE COLLINS, AM TI OVERWINTERING OF AFRICANIZED, EUROPEAN, AND HYBRID HONEY-BEES (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) IN THE ANDES OF VENEZUELA SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APIS-MELLIFERA; OVERWINTERING; TEMPERATURE AB The potential of Africanized honey bees, Apis mellifera L., to survive the cold temperatures and confinement of winter was studied at 4,100 m above sea level in the Andes of Venezuela. The first experiment was conducted through the rainy-season ''winter'' of 1986 using Africanized (A) and European (E) colonies. In 1986, temperature conditions only rarely allowed honey bee flight. Under these conditions, 13 of 14 A colonies died within 18 wk compared with 4 of 15 E colonies. In 1987, European x Africanized (E x A) hybrid colonies were included in a larger experiment with treatments with various initial adult and brood populations. Higher maximum temperatures during this second experiment allowed worker flight almost daily; colonies in one treatment were confined with screens to test the published hypothesis that flight from A colonies during cold weather causes bees to leave their hives and die, causing the colonies to dwindle. All screened A colonies had died by week 10, while screened E and E x A colonies were alive through week 14. In treatments involving free-flying colonies, there were fewer differences between bee types in colony survival, size, brood production, final adult population, or food consumption. E x A colonies had intermediate values for most traits, suggesting that any differences will be reduced with hybridization as Africanized bees expand their range into areas with high-density populations of European bees. RP VILLA, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 183 EP 189 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KM008 UT WOS:A1993KM00800026 ER PT J AU BOLDT, PE SOBHIAN, R AF BOLDT, PE SOBHIAN, R TI RELEASE AND ESTABLISHMENT OF ACERIA-MALHERBAE (ACARI, ERIOPHYIDAE) FOR CONTROL OF FIELD BINDWEED IN TEXAS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACERIA-MALHERBAE; CONVOLVULUS-ARVENSIS; WEEDS ID CONVOLVULUS-ARVENSIS; WEEDS AB Aceria malherbae Nuzzaci (Acari: Eriophyidae), was imported from Greece to the United States and released in 1989 near Bushland, TY, as a potential biological control agent for field bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis L. (Convolvulaceae). The number of gall mite-infested crowns increased from 2.0/m2 in September 1989 to 9.5/m2 in June 1991 but decreased to 4.0/m2 in June 1992. In September 1991, 76.0% of the crowns were infested, and the gall mites had moved 9.6 m from the plot. Gall mites overwintered on rhizomes 0.1-6.0 cm beneath the soil surface, but 63. 1% of those recovered were found in the top 1.0 cm of soil. This represents the first successful establishment of an introduced arthropod for biological control of a crop weed in the United States. The mite is now being released on field bindweed in South Dakota, New Jersey, and Oklahoma. C1 USDA ARS,EUROPEAN BIOL CONTROL LAB,F-34092 MONTPELLIER,FRANCE. RP BOLDT, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 234 EP 237 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KM008 UT WOS:A1993KM00800032 ER PT J AU VARGAS, RI STARK, JD UCHIDA, GK PURCELL, M AF VARGAS, RI STARK, JD UCHIDA, GK PURCELL, M TI OPIINE PARASITOIDS (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) OF ORIENTAL FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) ON KAUAI ISLAND, HAWAII - ISLANDWIDE RELATIVE ABUNDANCE AND PARASITISM RATES IN WILD AND ORCHARD GUAVA HABITATS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACTROCERA (=DACUS) DORSALIS; PARASITOIDS; POPULATION DYNAMICS ID FLIES DIPTERA; KULA AREA; CERATITIS; MAUI AB During a 2-yr survey of Kauai Island, four species of opiine parasitoids were recovered from host fruits infested with Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) [=Dacus dorsalis Hendel]: Biosteres arisanus (Sonan), Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead), Psyttalia incisi (Silvestri), and Biosteres vandenboschi (Fullaway). These species constituted 87.5, 9, 2.4, and 1.1% of the total parasitoids recovered in 1988, and 95.1, 0.9, 4, and 0.04% of the total parasitoids recovered in 1989, respectively. Total islandwide opiine parasitism rates on the basis of live parasitoids recovered from oriental fruit fly pupae were 41.4% in 1988 and 53% in 1989. Wild common guava, Psidium guajava L., and strawberry guava, Psidium cattleianum Sabine, were the most prevalent hosts infested with oriental fruit fly encountered during our roadside survey. Population studies in a large commercial common guava orchard indicated that oriental fruit fly infestation of fruits was correlated with infestation of wild common guava fruits in surrounding wild habitats. Positive correlations between numbers of B. arisanus, the dominant parasitoid, and numbers of oriental fruit fly indicated a density-dependent relationship. Overall, percentage parasitism of B. arisanus was significantly higher in wild habitats than in orchard habitats. Relative abundance of D. longicaudata, P. incisi, and B. vandenboschi were significantly higher in orchard habitats than in wild habitats. C1 USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,KAPAA,HI 96746. NR 22 TC 54 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1 BP 246 EP 253 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KM008 UT WOS:A1993KM00800034 ER PT J AU ALTEKRUSE, S KOEHLER, J HICKMANBRENNER, F TAUXE, RV FERRIS, K AF ALTEKRUSE, S KOEHLER, J HICKMANBRENNER, F TAUXE, RV FERRIS, K TI A COMPARISON OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS PHAGE TYPES FROM EGG-ASSOCIATED OUTBREAKS AND IMPLICATED LAYING FLOCKS SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTED HENS AB Infections due to Salmonella enteritidis are increasing worldwide. In the United States, between 1985 and 1989, 78 % of the S. enteritidis outbreaks in which a food vehicle was identified implicated a food containing raw or lightly cooked shell eggs. Under a US Department of Agriculture regulation published in 1990, eggs implicated in human food-borne S. enteritidis outbreaks were traced back to the source flock. The flock environment and the internal organs of a sample of hens were tested for S. enteritidis. We compared the S. enteritidis phage types of isolates from 18 human, egg-associated outbreaks and the 15 flocks implicated through traceback of these outbreaks. The predominant human outbreak phage type was recovered from the environment in 100 % of implicated flocks and from the internal organs of hens in 88 % of implicated flocks we tested. The results support the use of phage typing as a tool to identify flocks involved in human S. enteritidis outbreaks. C1 USDA,AMES,IA 50010. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ALTEKRUSE, S (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,HFF 265,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 19 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 110 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA KL759 UT WOS:A1993KL75900003 PM 8432319 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, A AF TAYLOR, A TI AMINOPEPTIDASES - STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE AMINOPEPTIDASE; LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE; BESTATIN; ZN2+ ID AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE; BOVINE LENS; METHIONINE AMINOPEPTIDASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; PROLYL AMINOPEPTIDASE; LEUCYL AMINOPEPTIDASE; VACUOLAR HYDROLASES AB Aminopeptidases catalyze the cleavage of amino acids from the amino terminus of protein or peptide substrates. They are widely distributed throughout the animal and plant kingdoms and are found in many subcellular organelles, in cytoplasm, and as membrane components. Several aminopeptidases perform essential cellular functions. Many, but not all, of these peptidases are zinc metalloenzymes and are inhibited by the transition-state analog bestatin. Some are monomeric, and others are assemblies of relatively high mass (50 kDa) subunits. cDNA sequences are available for several aminopeptidases, and a 3-dimensional structure is available for the bovine lens enzyme. Crystallographic, electron micrographic, NMR, and photoaffinity labeling studies indicate that lens leucine aminopeptidase protomers are bilobal and that bestatin and substrates are bound in an active site, which is found in the larger lobe on each protomer. Zn2+ is involved in substrate liganding in most aminopeptidases. There is no evidence of an acyl-enzyme intermediate in hydrolysis. Amino acid sequences determined directly or deduced from cDNAs indicate some amino acid sequence homologies in organisms as diverse as Escherichia coli and mammals, particularly in catalytically important residues or in residues involved in metal ion binding. RP TAYLOR, A (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,PULM RES CTR,NUTR & VIS RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. RI Bell, Tiffany/F-4403-2010 FU PHS HHS [522361] NR 58 TC 379 Z9 388 U1 7 U2 25 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 1 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 2 BP 290 EP 298 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KN885 UT WOS:A1993KN88500004 PM 8440407 ER PT J AU KALNINS, MA FEIST, WC AF KALNINS, MA FEIST, WC TI INCREASE IN WETTABILITY OF WOOD WITH WEATHERING SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Western redcedar panels were exposed to outdoor weathering. Wettability with water was measured as contact angle, using a videotape technique. Contact angles decreased from 77 to 51 degrees after 4 weeks of weathering. Greater wettability of weathered wood is suggested as a contributing factor to the deterioration of wood structures. RP KALNINS, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 19 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 55 EP 57 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA KN414 UT WOS:A1993KN41400010 ER PT J AU VANDEUSEN, PC REAMS, GA AF VANDEUSEN, PC REAMS, GA TI FREQUENCY-DOMAIN TREE-RING STANDARDIZATION SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SMOOTHING SPLINE; FOURIER TRANSFORM AB Prior to modeling tree-ring variation from climatic variables, an effort is made to standardize the tree-ring series by removing nonclimatic variance. A number of methods for standardizing tree-ring series in the frequency domain are presented along with a method for reducing end-fit problems, A technique for controlling the stiffness of a smoothing spline using frequency domain considerations is derived using matrix theory, and the spline is shown to be similar to other frequency domain methods. The results presented here elucidate earlier developments and allow for a more general application of frequency domain smoothing procedures. RP VANDEUSEN, PC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,SO FOREST EXPT STN,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 39 IS 1 BP 55 EP 65 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KN118 UT WOS:A1993KN11800004 ER PT J AU ROESCH, FA VANDEUSEN, PC AF ROESCH, FA VANDEUSEN, PC TI CONTROL VARIATE ESTIMATORS OF SURVIVOR GROWTH FROM POINT SAMPLES SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POINT SAMPLING; SIMULATION; FOREST GROWTH; FOREST INVENTORY; CONTROL VARIATES ID INGROWTH AB Two estimators of the control variate type for survivor growth from remeasured point samples are proposed and compared with more familiar estimators. The large reductions in variance, observed in many cases for estimators constructed with control variates, are also realized in this application. A simulation study yielded consistent reductions in variance which were often 50% and occasionally over 70%. RP ROESCH, FA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,SO FOREST EXPT STN,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 39 IS 1 BP 66 EP 77 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KN118 UT WOS:A1993KN11800005 ER PT J AU RUARK, GA AF RUARK, GA TI MODELING SOIL-TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON INSITU DECOMPOSITION RATES FOR FINE ROOTS OF LOBLOLLY-PINE SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TURNOVER; LITTER; SOIL ORGANIC MATTER ID ORGANIC-MATTER; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; FLORIDA AB A study was conducted to quantify the relationship between soil temperature and fine root decomposition. Undisturbed soil cores containing root systems of loblolly pine seedlings were incubated in the lab under field capacity moisture conditions at constant soil temperatures of 15-degrees and 25-degrees-C. Some seedling root systems were allowed to decompose in situ outside, where soil moisture and temperature were recorded. Laboratory and outside in situ results were compared to decomposition rates for seedling roots that were washed, air-dried, and reburied outside in mesh bags. Laboratory decomposition rates of the seedling root system, which contained fine laterals and a small taproot, averaged 31% and 44% weight loss annually, while annual rates of only the fine lateral root component averaged 57% and 66% loss of total weight at 15-degrees and 25-degrees, respectively. Average annual Q-10s of 1.4 and 1.2 were calculated between 15-degrees and 25-degrees for whole root systems and lateral roots alone. Lab incubation results were used to construct a regression model for fine root decomposition as a function of cumulative average monthly temperature. The model was validated against data on the root systems that were allowed to decompose in situ outside. Decomposition of this material after 1 yr was 43% complete for the whole root system and 60% complete for laterals. The observed remaining weight at various time intervals was accurately predicted from the regression model. After 1 yr, roots in the buried bags displayed a weight loss similar to the outdoor in situ samples. However, their decomposition rate was linear, whereas both outdoor and incubator in situ samples followed a curvilinear decay path. C1 US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST SOIL PROD PROJECT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 39 IS 1 BP 118 EP 129 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KN118 UT WOS:A1993KN11800008 ER PT J AU RIEMENSCHNEIDER, DE MCMAHON, BG AF RIEMENSCHNEIDER, DE MCMAHON, BG TI GENETIC-VARIATION AMONG LAKE STATES BALSAM POPLAR POPULATIONS IS ASSOCIATED WITH GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POPULUS-BALSAMIFERA; PHENOLOGY; SYLLEPTIC BRANCHING; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; CLUSTER ANALYSIS ID LATITUDINAL TRANSECT; NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO; VARIANCE; GROWTH AB Variation among populations of balsam poplar from Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan (the Lake States) in tree height, phenology, and sylleptic branching was associated with geographic origin based on bivariate correlation, canonical correlation, principal component, and cluster analyses. Ninety percent of the joint variation in five traits was explained by two principal components, the first associated with late season growth and tree height, the second associated with number of sylleptic branches. Populations were delineated into northwestern, central, and southeastern clusters based on principal component one and two coordinates using Ward's minimum variance method. Populations from the southeastern cluster grew taller, produced more late season leaves, and set bud later than populations from the northwestern and central clusters. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. RP RIEMENSCHNEIDER, DE (reprint author), N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,5985 HIGHWAY K,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 39 IS 1 BP 130 EP 136 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KN118 UT WOS:A1993KN11800009 ER PT J AU JENSEN, KB AF JENSEN, KB TI CYTOGENETICS OF ELYMUS-MAGELLANICUS AND ITS INTRA-GENERIC AND INTER-GENERIC HYBRIDS WITH PSEUDOROEGNERIA-SPICATA, HORDEUM-VIOLACEUM, ELYMUS-TRACHYCAULUS, E-LANCEOLATUS, AND E-GLAUCUS (POACEAE, TRITICEAE) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE CHROMOSOME PAIRING; MEIOSIS ID COMPLEX AB This paper describes the cytogenetics of the South American grass Elymus magellanicus (2n = 4x = 28) and its inter- and intra-generic hybrids with North American Pseudoroegneria spicata (2n = 2x = 14; SS), Iranian Hordeum violaceum (2n = 2x = 14; HH), and North American E. trachycaulus (2n = 4x = 28; SSHH), E. lanceolatus (2n = 4x = 28; SSHH), and E. glaucus (2n = 4x = 28; SSHH). Chromosome pairing in the F1 hybrid of E. magellanicus x P. spicata (2n = 3x = 21) averaged 4.09 bivalents per cell. Bivalent frequencies in the E. magellanicus x H. violaceum (2n = 3x = 21) averaged 4.86 bivalents per cell. Bivalent formation (frequencies) in hybrids between North and South American tetraploids averaged 11.42 in E. magellanicus x E. trachycaulus, 13.02 in E. magellanicus x E. lanceolatus, and 10.91 in E. magellanicus x E. glaucus. Meiotic data demonstrated that E. magellanicus is an allotetraploid having the same basic genomes (SSHH) as North American E. trachycaulus, E. lanceolatus, and E. glaucus. RP JENSEN, KB (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD FEB PY 1993 VL 36 IS 1 BP 72 EP 76 DI 10.1139/g93-010 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA KP623 UT WOS:A1993KP62300010 PM 18469971 ER PT J AU LIU, ZW WANG, RRC AF LIU, ZW WANG, RRC TI GENOME ANALYSIS OF ELYTRIGIA-CAESPITOSA, LOPHOPYRUM-NODOSUM, PSEUDOROEGNERIA-GENICULATA SSP SCYTHICA, AND THINOPYRUM-INTERMEDIUM (TRITICEAE, GRAMINEAE) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE GENOME; HYBRID; MEIOSIS; KARYOTYPE; CHROMOSOME BANDING; SPECIATION ID PERENNIAL INTERGENERIC HYBRIDS; TRIBE TRITICEAE; TETRAPLOID HYBRIDS; ELONGATUM; BESSARABICUM; AGROPYRON; VIOLACEUM; SPICATA; ELYMUS AB To elucidate the genome constitutions of the tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) species Elytrigia caespitosa, Lophopyrum nodosum, and Pseudoroegneria geniculata ssp. scythica and the hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) Thinopyrum intermedium, meiotic pairing was studied in these species as well as 10 hybrids. Karyotype analysis with aceto-orcein stained root-tip cells was performed for the four species and the hybrids of T. bessarabicum with E. caespitosa, P. geniculata ssp. scythica, and T. intermedium. Karyotype analysis by Giemsa C-banding was carried out with the three tetraploid species and the two triploid hybrids involving T. bessarabicum. The species behaved as strict allopolyploids. All hybrids were male sterile with few stainable pollen grains. It is concluded from the results that the three tetraploid species have the genome formula J(e)J(e)SS and T. intermedium has the formula J(e)J(e)J(e)J(e)SS. The chromosomes of the J(e) and S genomes in these species had C-banding patterns differing from each other and from those of the extant diploid species. Based on these findings, the four species investigated should be placed in the same genus or the same section of a genus. However, new combinations are not proposed at this time pending future taxonomic investigation of the genome constitution of Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 28 TC 62 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD FEB PY 1993 VL 36 IS 1 BP 102 EP 111 DI 10.1139/g93-014 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA KP623 UT WOS:A1993KP62300014 PM 18469974 ER PT J AU PINEDA, O BONIERBALE, MW PLAISTED, RL BRODIE, BB TANKSLEY, SD AF PINEDA, O BONIERBALE, MW PLAISTED, RL BRODIE, BB TANKSLEY, SD TI IDENTIFICATION OF RFLP MARKERS LINKED TO THE H1 GENE CONFERRING RESISTANCE TO THE POTATO CYST NEMATODE GLOBODERA-ROSTOCHIENSIS SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; POTATO; RESISTANCE GENES; GLOBODERA-ROSTOCHIENSIS; H1; RFLP; CYST NEMATODES ID ISOGENIC LINES; TOMATO AB The H1 gene from Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena confers high levels of resistance to the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis and is used extensively in potato breeding. Using a dihaploid segregating population, a search was conducted for linkage between this gene and markers on the potato/tomato RFLP map. A total of 60 RFLP markers covering the entire genome were screened on bulk resistant and susceptible segregants. Linkage was indicated for eight markers on chromosome 5. Individual plant analysis placed the closest marker, CD78, at a maximum map distance of 2.7 cM from H1. A molecular marker for the H1 should be useful both as a correlative screening tool for incorporation of resistance into new cultivars and as starting point for map-based cloning of this important gene. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP PINEDA, O (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT BREEDING & BIOMETRY,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 27 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD FEB PY 1993 VL 36 IS 1 BP 152 EP 156 DI 10.1139/g93-019 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA KP623 UT WOS:A1993KP62300019 PM 18469978 ER PT J AU ABDULBAKI, AA TEASDALE, JR AF ABDULBAKI, AA TEASDALE, JR TI A NO-TILLAGE TOMATO PRODUCTION SYSTEM USING HAIRY VETCH AND SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER MULCHES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; VICIA-VILLOSA; TRIFOLIUM-SUBTERRANEUM; ORGANIC MULCH; BLACK POLYETHYLENE MULCH; PAPER MULCH; LOW-INPUT PRODUCTION SYSTEM; YIELD; EARLINESS ID LEGUME COVER CROPS AB A novel approach is described for using two winter annual legumes-hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L. Roth.) and 'Mt. Barker' subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)-as cover crops and plant mulches in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production. The approach calls for sowing the cover crops in the fall in prepared beds, mowing the cover crops with a high-speed flail mower immediately before transplanting the tomato seedlings into the field in early May, and then transplanting the seedlings into the beds with minimal interruption of the soil or mulch cover. Plants in the vetch treatment with no tillage produced a higher yield than those grown under black polyethylene, paper, or no mulch in conventional systems. Both plant mulches delayed fruit maturity by almost-equal-to 10 days relative to black polyethylene mulch. The proposed approach eliminates tillage, reduces the need for applying synthetic fertilizers and herbicides, and is adapted to large- and small-scale tomato production in a low-input, no-tillage system. It also may be used to produce other vegetables. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ABDULBAKI, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 18 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1993 VL 28 IS 2 BP 106 EP 108 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KW355 UT WOS:A1993KW35500011 ER PT J AU CURRY, EA GREENE, DW AF CURRY, EA GREENE, DW TI CPPU INFLUENCES FRUIT-QUALITY, FRUIT-SET, RETURN BLOOM, AND PREHARVEST DROP OF APPLES SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CYTOKININS; GROWTH REGULATOR; MALUS-DOMESTICA ID CYTOKININ ACTIVITY; BENZYLADENINE; THIDIAZURON AB CPPU was applied to whole spur 'Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees in central Washington at 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, or 50 mg.liter-1 at full bloom (FB) or FB plus 2 weeks. At both application times, the flesh firmness of treated fruit linearly increased with increasing concentration. CPPU applied at 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mg-liter-1 to spur 'Delicious' trees in Massachusetts at king bloom resulted in a linear increase in flesh firmness at harvest and following 28 weeks in air storage at 0C. CPPU did not affect the incidence of senescent breakdown, decay, or cork spot. Fruit length : diameter (L/D) ratios generally increased at all doses. Fruit weight was not influenced at either location. AH CPPU concentrations reduced return bloom on 'Delicious' apples in Massachusetts in 1989. Of the 10, 20, or 40 mg-liter-1 treatments for 'Empire' apples, only CPPU at 40 mg-liter-1 reduced return bloom. CPPU applied to 'Empire' apples in Massachusetts did not effect fruit set, soluble solids concentration, L/D, or firmness; however, fruit weight increased linearly with concentration. CPPU applied at 100 mg.liter-1 retarded preharvest fruit drop of 'Early McIntosh' in Massachusetts for almost-equal-to 7 days but was not as effective as NAA at 20 mg-liter-1. In a larger semicommercial trial, 'Delicious' fruit treated with CPPU at 5, 10, or 15 mg.liter-1 at FB, petal fall (PF), or PF plus 1 week, respectively, were harvested and graded over a commercial packing line. Malformities caused by CPPU at the highest doses reduced packout, although all CPPU application rates reduced the percent fruit culled due to poor color. CPPU increased packed fruit size, since the size of fruit (64 mm in diameter) in the >150-fruit/box size decreased, while the size of fruit (72 mm in diameter) in the 100- and 130-fruit/box sizes increased. Treated fruit stored for 7 months at 1C were firmer than nontreated controls. Chemical names used: N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea (CPPU); 1 naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA). C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP CURRY, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,TREE FRUIT RES LAB,1104 N WESTERN AVE,WENATCHEE,WA 98801, USA. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1993 VL 28 IS 2 BP 115 EP 119 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KW355 UT WOS:A1993KW35500014 ER PT J AU MILLER, WR MCDONALD, RE CROCKER, TE AF MILLER, WR MCDONALD, RE CROCKER, TE TI QUALITY OF 2 FLORIDA BLUEBERRY CULTIVARS AFTER PACKAGING AND STORAGE SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VACCINIUM-CORYMBOSUM; V-ASHEI; HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY; POSTHARVEST ID RABBITEYE BLUEBERRIES AB Blueberry cultivars Sharpblue (mainly Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and Climax (V. ashei L.) were hand-harvested on three occasions and manually packaged into 0.275-liter fiber-pulp cups or automatically packaged in vented polystyrene cups. Berries were evaluated after 1, 2, or 3 weeks of storage at 1C and after 2 additional days of storage at 16C, a time frame that simulated a merchandising period. Weight loss of fruit packaged in polystyrene cups was < 1 % during 3 weeks of storage at 1C, whereas weight loss of berries packaged in fiber-pulp cups was almost-equal-to 5.0% after similar storage. 'Sharpblue' berries were softer at harvest and after each storage duration than 'Climax' berries. Decay increased to almost-equal-to 7% for 'Climax' and 28% for 'Sharpblue' after 3 weeks of storage at 1C. Package type did not affect decay incidence after 3 weeks of storage; but after 2 additional days at 16C, decay incidence was slightly higher for berries packaged in polystyrene compared with those packaged in fiber-pulp cups. 'Sharpblue' should be packaged only in fiber-pulp cups and marketed quickly after harvest to avoid excessive decay. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT FRUIT CROPS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP MILLER, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1993 VL 28 IS 2 BP 144 EP 147 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KW355 UT WOS:A1993KW35500024 ER PT J AU STABEL, TJ MAYFIELD, JE MORFITT, DC WANNEMUEHLER, MJ AF STABEL, TJ MAYFIELD, JE MORFITT, DC WANNEMUEHLER, MJ TI ORAL IMMUNIZATION OF MICE AND SWINE WITH AN ATTENUATED SALMONELLA-CHOLERAESUIS [DELTA-CYA-12 DELTA(CRP-CDT)19] MUTANT CONTAINING A RECOMBINANT PLASMID SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL MURINE BRUCELLOSIS; HIGH-EFFICIENCY TRANSFORMATION; CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; 31-KILODALTON PROTEIN; VACCINE STRAINS; T-CELLS; TYPHIMURIUM; VIRULENCE; CHICKENS AB Salmonella choleraesuis chi3781, an attenuated [DELTAcya-12 DELTA(crp-cdt)19] mutant, was electroporated with the plasmid pBA31-R7, which codes for the expression of a 31-kDa protein from Brucella abortus (BCSP31). Recombinant S. choleraesuis chi3781 stably maintained the pBA31-R7 plasmid and continued to express the cloned protein following recovery of the organism from orally inoculated animals. Unlike previous studies using S. typhimurium chi4064(pBA31-R7), S. choleraesuis chi3781(pBA31-R7) was able to colonize both the gut mucosa and deep tissues of both BALB/cByj mice and crossbred swine. Orally inoculated mice developed serum antibodies to both the cloned 31-kDa protein (rBCSP31) and to S. choleraesuis chi3781 endotoxin. These mice also developed a local intestinal antibody response to Salmonella endotoxin but not to rBCSP31. Similarly, mice inoculated with recombinant S. choleraesuis chi3781 did not develop a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) footpad response following injection with rBCSP31; however, these mice did respond to S. choleraesuis chi3781 soluble antigen. Conversely, orally inoculated swine did not develop significant serum or intestinal antibody responses to cloned protein or Salmonella endotoxin, but DTH responses to both cloned protein and S. choleraesuis chi3781 soluble antigen were strongly positive. The cell-mediated nature of these DTH responses was confirmed by histological examination. Results suggest that S. choleraesuis chi3781 may be a suitable choice for further studies of vaccine efficacy in swine, especially for diseases which require cell-mediated immunity for resolution. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,VET MED RES INST,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RI APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010 NR 45 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 61 IS 2 BP 610 EP 618 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA KH674 UT WOS:A1993KH67400033 PM 8423090 ER PT J AU YAKUBU, PI OZU, EM BAIANU, IC ORR, PH AF YAKUBU, PI OZU, EM BAIANU, IC ORR, PH TI HYDRATION OF POTATO STARCH IN AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS DETERMINED FROM NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RELAXATION STUDIES BY O-17, H-2, AND H-1-NMR - RELAXATION MECHANISMS AND QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN HYDRATION; RESONANCE; MALTODEXTRINS; BEHAVIOR; DEUTERON; CORN AB Nuclear magnetic relaxation (O-17, H-2, and H-1 NMR) measurements were employed to investigate the hydration properties of potato starch in relation to functionality in food systems. A comparison of O-17, H-2, and H-1 NMR data allowed us to resolve the contributions to water relaxation made by water binding, chemical exchange, and intermolecular dipolar interaction cross-relaxation, respectively. Weakly bound water in potato starch suspensions has an average correlation time of about 20 +/- 0.6 ps (determined by O-17, NMR), compared with 5 ps for bulk water (D2O) at 20-degrees-C. Three hydration regions were observed between 0.02 and 0.90 g of starch/g of D2O, respectively. The first hydration region extends from 0.02 to 0.4 g of starch/g of H2O, whereas the second region occurred between 0.40 and 0.65 g of starch/g H2O. Deuterium and proton NMR allowed us to resolve three water populations ''bulk (or free)'' water, ''weakly bound'' water, and trapped water in potato starch suspensions. Deuterium NMR resolved a slowly exchangeable anisotropically bound water population within the potato starch granule structure. We find, therefore, that potato starch has a potential for utilization as a stable functional ingredient in food formulations to increase stability and storage life. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL AGR,DEPT FOOD SCI,PHYS CHEM LAB,NUCL MED MAGNET RESONANCE FACIL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,POTATO RES LAB,E GRAND FORKS,MN 56721. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 162 EP 167 DI 10.1021/jf00026a003 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KM916 UT WOS:A1993KM91600003 ER PT J AU WOLF, WJ AF WOLF, WJ TI SULFHYDRYL CONTENT OF GLYCININ - EFFECT OF REDUCING AGENTS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN PROTEINS; DISULFIDE; SUBUNITS; IDENTIFICATION; GELATION; GLOBULIN; DISSOCIATION; AGGREGATION; STORAGE; GENE AB Analysis of 15 freeze-dried preparations of glycinin with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) gave values of 0.6-2.2 sulfhydryl (SH) groups/mol with a mean value of 1.4 +/- 0.5. When reduced with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) in the absence of denaturants and separated from excess 2-ME by gel filtration, the SH content increased and leveled off at 21 SH/mol in the range 0.04-0.1 M 2-ME. With dithiothreitol (DTT), the SH content increased more rapidly with concentration than with 2-ME and leveled off at a maximum of 28 SH/mol at 0.02-0.1 M DTT. Sodium borohydride was less effective at low concentrations but yielded about 18 SH/mol at 0.1 M. Fully reduced glycinin contained 41 SH/mol. Results of SH measurements are compared with the current model for glycinin consisting of six subunits each comprised of an acidic and a basic polypeptide connected by a single disulfide bond. A large discrepancy was noted in the number of SH groups measured vs the number predicted from the model. Reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. RP WOLF, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 42 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 168 EP 176 DI 10.1021/jf00026a004 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KM916 UT WOS:A1993KM91600004 ER PT J AU TEPASKE, MR POWELL, RG PETROSKI, RJ SAMFORD, MD PATERSON, JA AF TEPASKE, MR POWELL, RG PETROSKI, RJ SAMFORD, MD PATERSON, JA TI QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSES OF BOVINE URINE AND BLOOD-PLASMA FOR LOLINE ALKALOIDS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TALL FESCUE; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE; N-FORMYL; ACCUMULATION; ACETYL; GROWTH AB Capillary gas chromatographic methods for the routine analysis of the loline alkaloids in bovine blood plasma and urine have been developed. Urine samples diluted with MeOH were suitable for direct GC analysis. Plasma samples, following protein precipitation, were also suitable for direct GC analysis. N-Methylloline was used as an internal standard for these analyses. Peak identities were verified by mass spectrometry and comparison to known standards. The methods should prove to be useful in toxicological studies concerning the role of loline alkaloids in fescue toxicosis. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 231 EP 234 DI 10.1021/jf00026a017 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KM916 UT WOS:A1993KM91600017 ER PT J AU MURPHY, PA RICE, LG ROSS, PF AF MURPHY, PA RICE, LG ROSS, PF TI FUMONISIN-B1, FUMONISIN-B2, AND FUMONISIN-B3 CONTENT OF IOWA, WISCONSIN, AND ILLINOIS CORN AND CORN SCREENINGS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME AB Fumonisin B1, B2, and B3 contents of corn from the 1988-1991 crop years and corn screenings from 1989 were assayed. FB1 ranged from 0 to 14.9, from 0 to 37.9, from 0 to 19.1, and from 0 to 15.8 ppm in corn from 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991, respectively. FB2 and FB3 averaged 0.7 and 0.2, 0.8 and 0.2, 0.9 and 0.3, and 0.8 and 0.4 ppm from 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991 crop years, respectively. There were statistically significant linear regression correlation coefficients between FB1 content and FB2 and FB3 contents in all crop years. Corn screenings contain about 10 times higher fumonisin contents than intact corn. There was no size-related segregation of fumonisin contents in corn screenings. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LAB,AMES,IA 50010. RP MURPHY, PA (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 15 TC 134 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 263 EP 266 DI 10.1021/jf00026a024 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KM916 UT WOS:A1993KM91600024 ER PT J AU HAGENMAIER, RD BAKER, RA AF HAGENMAIER, RD BAKER, RA TI REDUCTION IN GAS-EXCHANGE OF CITRUS-FRUIT BY WAX COATINGS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TENSION AB Grapefruits and oranges were coated with various fruit waxes. Compared to control, internal CO2 concentration was markedly higher and weight loss markedly lower for coated fruit. Resistance of coated fruit to passage of CO2 and water vapor was shown to be influenced by permeability of the coating but more so by the degree to which the coating seals openings in the fruit epidermis. For restriction of CO2 exchange the coating thickness and surface tension of liquid coating were of less importance than type of wax. Critical surface tension of grapefruit and orange peel, after washing, was 23 dyn/cm. Shellac coatings adversely affected fruit flavor. RP HAGENMAIER, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,S ATLANTIC AREA,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 22 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1021/jf00026a029 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KM916 UT WOS:A1993KM91600029 ER PT J AU SOMASUNDARAM, L JAYACHANDRAN, K KRUGER, EL RACKE, KD MOORMAN, TB DVORAK, T COATS, JR AF SOMASUNDARAM, L JAYACHANDRAN, K KRUGER, EL RACKE, KD MOORMAN, TB DVORAK, T COATS, JR TI DEGRADATION OF ISAZOFOS IN THE SOIL ENVIRONMENT SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FIELD LYSIMETERS; SILT LOAM; PERSISTENCE; MOBILITY; INSECTICIDES; METOLACHLOR; ADSORPTION; EXTRACTION; TURFGRASS; PH AB Field and laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the degradation of the organophosphorus insecticide isazofos (O-5-chloro-1-isopropyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate) in soil. In a 6-year field study, soil pH was an important factor influencing the degradation of isazofos inasmuch as an increased rate of degradation was observed in soils with previous isazofos applications and pH of 6.9 or more. A laboratory study of [C-14]isazofos confirmed the rapid degradation of this insecticide in high pH soils. No increased degradation rate, however, was observed in sterilized high-pH soils. The availability of isazofos to microorganisms, based on sorption of isazofos to soil, seems to be an important factor influencing the degradation of isazofos in soil. Sorption coefficients were negatively correlated with isazofos degradation rate. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,NATL SOIL HLTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 313 EP 318 DI 10.1021/jf00026a035 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KM916 UT WOS:A1993KM91600035 ER PT J AU SONNET, PE AF SONNET, PE TI LIPASE-CATALYZED HYDROLYSIS - EFFECT OF ALCOHOL CONFIGURATION ON THE STEREOBIAS FOR 2-METHYLOCTANOIC ACID SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ESTERS; SOLVENTS AB The reactivities of 2-methyloctanoic acid esters of rac-2,3-isopropylidene glycerol and rac-glycidol have been examined with several commercial lipase preparations. The S configuration of the acid always reacted faster. The (S)-2,3-isopropylidene glycerol esters and (R)-glycidol esters reacted faster than did the esters of the enantiomeric alcohols. The effect of alcohol configuration on the stereobias of the lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis, however, was modest, which is consistent with a mechanism whereby the oxygenated alcohols enable binding of catalyst to substrate while offering only slight changes to the energetics of the catalytic step. The most promising candidate alcohols for resolving 2-methyloctanoic acid by hydrolysis appear to be rac-2,3-isopropylidene glycerol (Candida rugosa lipase) and (S)-glycidol (Mucor miehei lipase). RP SONNET, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 319 EP 321 DI 10.1021/jf00026a036 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KM916 UT WOS:A1993KM91600036 ER PT J AU MULDOON, MT FRIES, GF NELSON, JO AF MULDOON, MT FRIES, GF NELSON, JO TI EVALUATION OF ELISA FOR THE MULTIANALYTE ANALYSIS OF S-TRIAZINES IN PESTICIDE WASTE AND RINSATE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; HERBICIDES; WATER; SOIL AB Immunoassay has been adapted for the analysis of pesticide waste and rinsate. Five s-triazine-specific monoclonal antibodies and three different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay formats were evaluated for reactivity and sensitivity toward atrazine, simazine, and cyanazine. Three of the antibodies showed similar reactivity patterns toward the analytes. The two other antibodies had distinctively different patterns. Three antibodies that possessed different reactivity patterns were chosen for further assay format optimization and were evaluated for the ability to quantitate individual and total s-triazine analytes in a buffer mixture by solving simultaneous equations, each representative of individual antibody assays. This method was applied to pesticide waste and rinsate analysis. The quantities of individual and total s-trazines in actual pesticide waste samples containing atrazine, simazine, and cyanazine measured by immunoassay were compared to the quantities measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Correlation coefficients for the analysis of atrazine, simazine, cyanazine, and total s-triazine were 0.94, 0.90, 0.92, and 0.85, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 18 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP 322 EP 328 DI 10.1021/jf00026a037 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KM916 UT WOS:A1993KM91600037 ER PT J AU REEVES, JB GALLETTI, GC AF REEVES, JB GALLETTI, GC TI USE OF PYROLYSIS-GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY IN THE STUDY OF LIGNIN ASSAYS SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article DE FIBER; FORAGES; LIGNIN ASSAYS; PY-GC/MS; PYROLYSIS AB Wheat straw, its acid detergent fibre (ADF) (residue from boiling extraction with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in 1 N sulphuric acid) and residues from lignin assay procedures were examined by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Pyrolysis was performed for 5 s at 600-degrees-C using a CDS Pyroprobe 100 and the resulting products determined on a Varian 3400 GC (using a Supelco SPB-5 column) coupled with a Finnigan MAT ion trap detector. Extraction by ADF resulted in reduced relative percentages of some aromatics, indicating either the cleavage of some side chains or condensation reactions, and decreased carbohydrate products as expected. The permanganate lignin residue showed no aromatic fragments, indicating complete removal of lignin, while the chlorite residue showed some. These latter fragments were removed by further permanganate treatment, indicating the chlorite procedure does not determine total lignin. Sulphuric acid lignin showed aromatic and protein residues, although some aromatics previously seen were missing. However, treatment of sulphuric acid lignin with chlorite or permanganate followed by pyrolysis of the residue resulted in an increased production of aromatics. Finally, triethylene glycol lignin was indicated to be aromatic free. In conclusion Py-GC/MS can be a useful tool in determining the effects of fibre procedures on ligno-celluloses. However, care must be taken in interpreting results due to the nature of the pyrolytic process, because materials may not always give products suitable for chromatography that are expected or desired. C1 CNR,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. RP REEVES, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD FEB PY 1993 VL 24 IS 3 BP 243 EP 255 DI 10.1016/0165-2370(93)85004-I PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA KR985 UT WOS:A1993KR98500004 ER PT J AU AZZAM, SM KINDER, JE NIELSEN, MK WERTH, LA GREGORY, KE CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM AF AZZAM, SM KINDER, JE NIELSEN, MK WERTH, LA GREGORY, KE CUNDIFF, LV KOCH, RM TI ENVIRONMENTAL-EFFECTS ON NEONATAL-MORTALITY OF BEEF-CALVES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF COWS; NEONATAL MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; DYSTOCIA; BIRTH WEIGHT; CLIMATE ID CALF MORTALITY; BIRTH-WEIGHT; POSTNATAL MORTALITY; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; PREGNANCY RATE; CATTLE; SURVIVAL; TRAITS; BREED; COWS AB Calving records from 1969 to 1989 from the Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center were used to investigate how climatic conditions, in addition to dystocia, age of dam, size of calf, and sex affect calf survival from birth to 1 wk of age. Data were analyzed separately for cows calving with (n = 11,094) or without (n = 72,187) dystocia. Neonatal mortality was described by a logit model and parameters were estimated by maximum-likelihood procedures. Calves born to cows with dystocia were five times as likely to die neonatally than calves born without assistance. Of all calves that died, 43.6% were born with difficulty. Of these calves, survival was lowest for those that were small relative to their genetic group, sex, and age of dam. Large calves had markedly increased mortality only when born to 2-yr-old dams. Average ambient temperature and precipitation on day of calving affected survival nonlinearly and the magnitude of the effect depended on age of dam, sex and size of calf, and dystocia incidence. Calves born to 2-yr-old cows were more susceptible to severe weather conditions than calves born to older cows. The negative effect of precipitation on survival increased with decreasing temperature. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP AZZAM, SM (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 34 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 71 IS 2 BP 282 EP 290 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KK256 UT WOS:A1993KK25600002 PM 8440645 ER PT J AU NUGENT, RA JENKINS, TG AF NUGENT, RA JENKINS, TG TI SIMULATED EFFECTS OF CULLING EWES FOR AGE AND FAILURE TO CONCEIVE ON BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF AN ANNUAL LAMBING PRODUCTION SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SHEEP; SYSTEMS; EFFICIENCY; SIMULATION; CULLING ID WOOL PRODUCTION; MODEL AB A deterministic computer simulation model was used to estimate the effects of different culling strategies for nonconception and age on the biological efficiency of an annual lambing system. Interaction among culling strategy and genotype for system efficiency was estimated by also varying ewe genetic potentials for fertility, precocity of fertility, and litter size. Biological efficiency was defined as grams of empty body weight equivalent value of market lamb, cull ewe, and wool output per kilogram input of TDN. Pure breeding with random selection of intraflock replacement ewe lambs was assumed. Sheep were fed to maintain normal weight. Maximum allowable ewe age (i.e., time at culling for age) was varied from 2 to 10 yr. The four strategies of culling for nonconception that were simulated ranged from no removal for nonconception to removal of all nonpregnant ewes 15 wk after exposure. During calculation of lamb empty body weight equivalent, relative values per kilogram of output for market lambs, cull ewes, and clean wool were assumed to be 1 to .33 to 2.04 for most simulation runs. In addition, relative value of cull ewes was varied to .01, .16, .50, or .99 for some simulations. The effect of strategy for removal of nonconceiving ewes on system efficiency depended on maximum ewe age and genotype. In general, if relative value per kilogram of cull ewes to market lambs was less-than-or-equal-to .50, ewes should be allowed to produce through 4 or 5 yr of age and then be salvaged. Unless salvage value of culled ewes approaches that of market lambs, ewe lambs should not be culled for failure to conceive. C1 USDA ARS, ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR, CLAY CTR, NE 68933 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 71 IS 2 BP 310 EP 320 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KK256 UT WOS:A1993KK25600006 PM 8440649 ER PT J AU BROWN, MA THAREL, LM BROWN, AH JACKSON, WG MIESNER, JR AF BROWN, MA THAREL, LM BROWN, AH JACKSON, WG MIESNER, JR TI GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS IN PREWEANING TRAITS OF PUREBRED AND RECIPROCAL CROSS ANGUS AND BRAHMAN CALVES ON COMMON BERMUDAGRASS AND ENDOPHYTE-INFECTED TALL FESCUE PASTURES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENOTYPES; ENVIRONMENT; FORAGE; BEEF CATTLE; HETEROSIS; MATERNAL EFFECTS ID INTERACTIONS INVOLVING PROPORTION; HEREFORD CATTLE; BEEF-CATTLE; CALF SURVIVAL; BIRTH-WEIGHT; PERFORMANCE; GROWTH; COWS; SEASON AB Preweaning data on 486 Angus, Brahman, and reciprocal cross calves (AB, BA) managed on common bermudagrass or endophyte-infected tall fescue were used to evaluate the interactions of forage type and sex of calf with direct effects, individual heterosis, and maternal effects. Calves were spring-born in 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991 to five sires of each breed. Male calves were castrated at birth, and calves were not creep-fed. Average values of heterosis for birth weight, 205-d weight, weaning hip height, and weaning weight:height ratio (WT/HT) were important (P < .01) and consistent across forage environment. Heterosis for birth weight was larger in bull calves than in heifer calves (P < .05), whereas heterosis for other preweaning traits were consistent across sex of calf. Average maternal effects for WT/HT (P < .10) were important and consistent across forage environment. Maternal effects for birth weight were larger with bull calves than with heifer calves (P < .01). Maternal effects for weaning hip height favored the Angus dam managed on bermudagrass (P < .05) but not managed on fescue. A similar but nonsignificant trend occurred in maternal effects for 205-d weight. Direct effects for birth weight were larger in bull calves than in heifer calves (P < .01). Direct effects for weaning height were larger in calves managed on bermudagrass than in calves managed on tall fescue (P < .07). A similar but nonsignificant trend was evident in direct effects for 205-d weight. Direct effects for WT/HT were relatively small and unimportant. These data indicate that heterosis for preweaning traits reported in this research are relatively stable across the two forage environments but maternal and direct effects may vary with production environment. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT ANIM & POULTRY SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP BROWN, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARM RES CTR,BOONEVILLE,AR, USA. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 71 IS 2 BP 326 EP 333 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KK256 UT WOS:A1993KK25600008 PM 8440651 ER PT J AU ERCANBRACK, SK KNIGHT, AD AF ERCANBRACK, SK KNIGHT, AD TI 10-YEAR LINEAR TRENDS IN REPRODUCTION AND WOOL PRODUCTION AMONG INBRED AND NONINBRED LINES OF RAMBOUILLET, TARGHEE, AND COLUMBIA SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SHEEP; INBREEDING; REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY; LAMB PRODUCTION; WOOL PRODUCTION; SELECTION DIFFERENTIAL ID PERFORMANCE; FERTILITY; EWES AB To investigate the value of creating inbred lines for genetic improvement of sheep, 54 inbred, 1 randombred control, and 3 noninbred control lines were evaluated for lamb and wool production. Results were based on 19,438 dam and 23,625 lamb records from Rambouillet (R), Targhee (T), and Columbia (C) sheep collected over 9 yr (for T and C) and 10 yr (for R), starting in 1954. Average inbreeding in the inbred lines during the period was near 25% for lambs and 20% for ewes. The general trend in inbred lines for litter weight weaned (120 d) and number weaned (net reproductive rate), per ewe exposed to breeding, was downward as inbreeding increased. Trends in fleece weight generally also were down, regardless of concomitant increases in body weight. Declines were most pronounced in two lines developed by rapid inbreeding. Reproductive merit in the R and C noninbred controls also declined, but the declines were less than those for most inbred lines. Although the T noninbred control declined in fleece weight, trends for fleece weight in the R and C controls were positive and significantly different from the negative trends in the inbred lines. For the randombred control, slight downward trends in litter weight and number weaned were less (P < .05) than those for most inbred lines, indicating genetic declines in these traits for most inbred lines. Direct selection for an index of overall phenotypic merit, recurrent selection for combining ability for overall merit, and direct selection for body type, clean fleece weight, or staple length were all ineffective in preventing a decline in reproductive merit. Ending means (last 2 yr of production) revealed that litter weight weaned in the control groups of each breed was clearly superior to that in most inbred lines. Controls also were typically superior for fleece and body weight. Not one of the 54 inbred lines was superior (P < .05) to its respective noninbred control in weight of lamb weaned or net reproductive rate. Only four of the inbred lines were superior to the noninbred controls in fleece weight. These results, after at least 23 yr of development for most lines, reflect little encouragement for the costly development of many inbred lines for the purpose of improving lamb and wool production, especially when using the above selection criteria. RP ERCANBRACK, SK (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SHEEP EXP STA,DUBOIS,ID 83423, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 71 IS 2 BP 341 EP 354 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KK256 UT WOS:A1993KK25600010 PM 8440653 ER PT J AU RALPHS, MH CHENEY, CD AF RALPHS, MH CHENEY, CD TI INFLUENCE OF CATTLE AGE, LITHIUM-CHLORIDE DOSE LEVEL, AND FOOD TYPE IN THE RETENTION OF FOOD AVERSIONS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; FOOD PREFERENCES; CONDITIONING; BEHAVIOR; ALFALFA; BEET PULP ID CONDITIONED TASTE-AVERSION; CERCOCARPUS-MONTANUS; RATS; EXTINCTION; LARKSPUR; SHEEP; ADULT AB The influences of animal age and lithium chloride (LiCl) dose levels were evaluated in forming and retaining food aversions to licorice-flavored alfalfa pellets and beet pulp. Lithium chloride (100, 200, 300 mg/kg BW) was given to yearling and mature cattle by gavage (four animals per age-dose treatment group) after meals of the test food. Cattle dosed with the higher levels of LiCl formed aversions more rapidly in both trials than those dosed at lower levels. Both age classes extinguished aversions to licorice-flavored alfalfa pellets, but aversions to beet pulp persisted. Mature cattle retained aversions to beet pulp to a greater extent than did young cattle in social facilitation and single-choice persistence trials. Of dosages studied, the optimum for retaining aversions to beet pulp was 200 mg/kg BW for mature cows. Yearling cattle required 300 mg/kg for complete abstinence. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP RALPHS, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 71 IS 2 BP 373 EP 379 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KK256 UT WOS:A1993KK25600014 PM 8382673 ER PT J AU MORGAN, JB WHEELER, TL KOOHMARAIE, M CROUSE, JD SAVELL, JW AF MORGAN, JB WHEELER, TL KOOHMARAIE, M CROUSE, JD SAVELL, JW TI EFFECT OF CASTRATION ON MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEIN-TURNOVER, ENDOGENOUS PROTEINASE ACTIVITIES, AND MUSCLE GROWTH IN BOVINE SKELETAL-MUSCLE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF; CALPAIN; CALPASTATIN; CASTRATION; GROWTH RATE; PROTEIN DEGRADATION ID N-TAU-METHYLHISTIDINE; AGONIST CLENBUTEROL; URINARY-EXCRETION; ENERGY-METABOLISM; WETHER LAMBS; FIBER TYPES; CATTLE; 3-METHYLHISTIDINE; TESTOSTERONE; DEGRADATION AB The effect of castration on endogenous proteinase activity and myofibrillar protein turnover was investigated in cattle. Six each of MARC III composite bulls and steers weighing approximately 210 kg were given ad libitum access to a typical growing diet. At 0, 42, 84, 126, and 168 d, two consecutive 24-h urine samples were obtained. Urine was analyzed for N(tau)-methylhistidine (N(tau)MH) and creatinine. Following slaughter after 170 d on feed, a longissimus muscle sample was removed immediately from each carcass for quantification of mu-calpain, m-calpain, calpastatin, cystatin(s), cathepsin B, and cathepsin B + L activities. Bulls were heavier (P < .05) at 126 and 168 d and more efficient (P < .05) in conversion of feed to gain at 84 and 168 d than were steers. Compared with steers, bulls excreted less (P < .05) N(tau)MH at 84, 126, and 168 d and displayed lower (P < .05) fractional degradation rates (FDR) at all sample times. No differences (P > .05) in calpain or cathepsin activities were observed between bulls and steers. However, muscle from bulls had greater (P < .05) activities of calpastatin and cystatin(s) than that from steers. A negative relationship existed between d-168 FDR and calpastatin (r = -.72; P < .05) and cystatin (r = -.62; P < .05) activities. These results indicate that decreased FDR of skeletal muscle from growing bulls contributes to their greater efficiency of growth and could be related partially to cystatin-mediated cathepsin activity and(or) calpastatin-mediated calpain activity. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT IMMUNOGENET,MEAT SCI SECT,COLL STN,TX 77843. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013; Savell, Jeffrey/C-2434-2008 OI Savell, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0354-1286 NR 44 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 71 IS 2 BP 408 EP 414 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KK256 UT WOS:A1993KK25600019 PM 7680026 ER PT J AU OSWEILER, GD KEHRLI, ME STABEL, JR THURSTON, JR ROSS, PF WILSON, TM AF OSWEILER, GD KEHRLI, ME STABEL, JR THURSTON, JR ROSS, PF WILSON, TM TI EFFECTS OF FUMONISIN-CONTAMINATED CORN SCREENINGS ON GROWTH AND HEALTH OF FEEDER CALVES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CATTLE; FUMONISINS; LIVER FUNCTION; MYCOTOXINS ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD; CATTLE; RATS; HEPATOTOXICITY; COMPLEMENT; TOXICITY AB Fumonisins are myocotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme and F. proliferatum, common molds of com in North America. The toxin is at especially high concentrations in corn screenings. Fumonisins are toxic to swine and horses, but effects of these toxins in cattle have not been evaluated. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects in cattle of feeding fumonisins at levels known to be toxic to swine and horses. A total of 18 crossbred feeder calves were fed diets containing fumonisins at 15, 31, or 148 mug/g for 31 d. Feed consumption, weight gain, complete blood count, serum clinical chemistries, and an immune function profile were done on d -3, 4, 10, 17 and 31 relative to the start of fumonisin feeding. There was no treatment-related effect on feed intake or weight gain, but feed containing 148 mug/g of fumonisins seemed to be less palatable than other feeds. Significant increases in serum aspartate amino transferase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, and cholesterol occurred from d 10 through 31. Mild microscopic liver lesions were present in two calves fed at the highest fumonisin level. Lymphocyte blastogenesis was significantly impaired at the end of the feeding period in the group given the highest dose. Other measures of immune function were not affected significantly. Fumonisins are capable of causing changes in liver function and in some measures of immune function. However, cattle seem to be relatively less susceptible to fumonisins present naturally in grains than either swine or horses. C1 USDA,APHIS,NATL VET SERV LAB,AMES,IA 50010. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP OSWEILER, GD (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,VET DIAGNOST LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 29 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 71 IS 2 BP 459 EP 466 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KK256 UT WOS:A1993KK25600026 PM 8440667 ER PT J AU WILT, FM MILLER, GC EVERETT, RL HACKETT, M AF WILT, FM MILLER, GC EVERETT, RL HACKETT, M TI MONOTERPENE CONCENTRATIONS IN FRESH, SENESCENT, AND DECAYING FOLIAGE OF SINGLE-LEAF PINYON (PINUS-MONOPHYLLA TORR AND FREM - PINACEAE) FROM THE WESTERN GREAT-BASIN SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PINUS-MONOPHYLLA; SINGLE-LEAF PINYON PINE; ALLELOPATHY; MONOTERPENE; SENESCENT; TREE LITTER; DECAYING; VAPOR PHASE; VOLATILE HYDROCARBONS; PHYTOTOXIN AB Senescent foliage from pines is potentially a large contributor to the total monoterpene content of the litter layer, and the availability of these compounds as phytotoxins may result from release of these compounds into the vapor phase. In order to determine the fate of several monoterpene hydrocarbons in the natural environment, we examined their concentrations in fresh, senescent. and decaying needles from 32 single-leaf pinyon pine (Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frem.: Pinaceae) trees growing at two different locations. Total monoterpene content was highest in the fresh needles (mean = 5.6 +/-2.2 mg/g extracted air dry weight), but also remained relatively high in senescent needles (mean = 3.6 +/- 1.8 mg/g extracted air dry weight), either still attached to the tree or forming the freshest layer of understory litter. Decaying needles within a dark decomposing layer of litter material 5-20 cm from the surface were found to contain much lower amounts of total monoterpenes (average: = 0.12 +/- 0.06 mg/g extracted air dry weight). Further investigation of the fate of these compounds in the pinyon understory is required to determine if these hydrocarbons are indeed exerting phytotoxic characteristics. C1 UNIV NEVADA,DEPT RANGE WILDLIFE & FORESTRY,RENO,NV 89512. USFS,FORESTRY SCI LAB,WENATCHEE,WA 98801. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT BIOCHEM,RENO,NV 89557. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 19 IS 2 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1007/BF00993688 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM829 UT WOS:A1993KM82900003 PM 24248867 ER PT J AU HEDIN, PA WILLIAMS, WP BUCKLEY, PM DAVIS, FM AF HEDIN, PA WILLIAMS, WP BUCKLEY, PM DAVIS, FM TI ARRESTANT RESPONSES OF SOUTHWESTERN CORN-BORER LARVAE TO FREE AMINO-ACIDS - STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER; DIATRAEA-GRANDIOSELLA DYAR; LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE; CORN; ZEA-MAYS L; PLANT INSECT INTERACTION; AMINO ACIDS; SUGARS; HERBIVORY; FEEDING RESISTANCE ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; LEAF-FEEDING RESISTANCE; NOCTUIDAE; CALLUS AB The leaf-feeding resistance of com or maize Zea mays L. to the southwestern corn borer, SWCB, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar has been attributed at least in part to decreased protein, increased crude fiber, and increased hemicellulose in the whorls of resistant genotypes. In this study, individual amino acids and sugars were evaluated as arrestants, with the objective of identifying those that gave weak or negative responses. Several structure-activity relationships were identified. Larvae responded to three-carbon n-alkyl alpha amino acids more than to two-, four-, five-, and six-carbon compounds. Amino acids with terminal isopropyl functions gave decreased responses relative to their n-alkyl counterparts. Dicarboxylic acids and their amides gave the lowest responses of all classes of amino acids. The normally occurring basic amino acids were all good arrestants. The guanido [HN:C(NH2)NH-] function was somewhat important to an arrestant response, as was the number of methylenes between the alpha and omega amino functions of diamino n-alkyl amino acids. Hydroxy amino acids were generally good arrestants unless the hydroxyl was located on a ring system. The two sugars present in expressed com whorl juice, glucose and fructose, gave poor responses. However, two other sugars, mannose and arabinose, whose C-2 hydroxyls are conformationally in the axial position, were strongly arrestant. Formulated amino acid mixtures based on their content in whorl juice were as strong arrestants as whorl juice. However, the relative contributions of amino acids and sugars that are weak arrestants to the resistance of corn to SWCB larvae is uncertain because amino acid analyses did not reveal significantly higher contents of these amino acids in the whorl juices of resistant lines. RP HEDIN, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 19 IS 2 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1007/BF00993697 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KM829 UT WOS:A1993KM82900012 PM 24248876 ER PT J AU WILSON, MA MORGAN, MJ BARGER, GE AF WILSON, MA MORGAN, MJ BARGER, GE TI COMPARISON OF DNA FINGERPRINTING AND SEROTYPING FOR IDENTIFICATION OF AVIAN PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA ISOLATES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOWL CHOLERA; TURKEYS; STRAINS; HOSTS; DIFFERENTIATION; SEROTYPE-3,4; SEROGROUP; WILDLIFE AB The DNA fingerprint profiles and serotypes of 63 avian Pasteurella multocida field isolates, 13 attenuated vaccine isolates (propagated from vaccines manufactured by five companies), and 16 somatic reference strains were compared. DNA fingerprinting established the relationship of isolates that could not be distinguished by serotyping. Of the 76 isolates, 28 DNA fingerprint profiles and 12 somatic types were recognized. One isolate was nonreactive with 16 reference somatic and 5 reference capsule-type antisera. Thirty-one field isolates and seven vaccine isolates were identified as capsule type A. Twenty-nine field isolates and six vaccine isolates were nonencapsulated. Three field isolates were capsule type F. Isolates of capsule types B, D, and E were not found. One field isolate, identified as somatic type 7, had a DNA fingerprint identical to that of the somatic reference type 6 profile. Twelve field isolates had profiles identical to the somatic reference type 3 strain profile; 11 of these were identified as somatic type 3,4, and 1 was identified as somatic type 3. The DNA fingerprint profiles of 50 field isolates and 13 attenuated vaccine isolates did not match profiles of the 16 somatic type reference strains. Twenty-five DNA fingerprint profiles were recognized from 30 of these field isolates. The DNA fingerprint profiles of 20 field isolates and 13 attenuated vaccine isolates were identical. Three somatic types (3; 3,4; and 4,16) were identified from the field isolates, and two somatic types (3 and 3,4) were identified from the attenuated vaccine isolates. DNA fingerprinting is useful for accurate identification and epidemiologic study of P. multocida isolates. C1 ARKANSAS LIVESTOCK & POULTRY DIAGNOST LAB,SPRINGDALE,AR 72764. RP WILSON, MA (reprint author), USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,VET SERV,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 17 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 2 BP 255 EP 259 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KH751 UT WOS:A1993KH75100016 PM 8432810 ER PT J AU SALIKI, JT BERNINGER, ML TORRES, A HOUSE, JA MEBUS, CA DUBOVI, EJ AF SALIKI, JT BERNINGER, ML TORRES, A HOUSE, JA MEBUS, CA DUBOVI, EJ TI EFFECT OF GAMMA-IRRADIATION ON REACTIVITY OF RINDERPEST VIRUS-ANTIGEN WITH BOVINE IMMUNE SERUM IN ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS AND VIRUS NEUTRALIZATION AND INDIRECT FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY TESTS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID INACTIVATION AB Gamma irradiation effectively inactivated gradient-purified rinderpest virus. Irradiated antigen and sera remained functional in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, virus neutralization tests, and indirect fluorescent-antibody tests. Irradiation, however, led to a dose-dependent decrease in reactivity, particularly significant (P < 0.05) when both reagents were irradiated. To avoid false-positive reactions, only one reagent (serum or antigen) may be irradiated. C1 CORNELL UNIV,NYS COLL VET MED,DIAGNOST LAB,ITHACA,NY 14851. RP SALIKI, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,APHIS,VS,NVSL,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 2 BP 428 EP 432 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KH751 UT WOS:A1993KH75100052 PM 8432831 ER PT J AU BINGHAM, EW MCGRANAGHAN, MB WICKHAM, ED LEUNG, CT FARRELL, HM AF BINGHAM, EW MCGRANAGHAN, MB WICKHAM, ED LEUNG, CT FARRELL, HM TI PROPERTIES OF [CA2+ + MG2+]-ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASES IN THE GOLGI-APPARATUS AND MICROSOMES OF THE LACTATING MAMMARY-GLANDS OF COWS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ENZYMES; MEMBRANES; MILK; SECRETION ID BOVINE MAMMARY-GLAND; GOLGI-APPARATUS; PHOSPHORYLATION; MEMBRANES; CASEIN AB The [Ca2+ + Mg2+]-ATPase activity of bovine lactating mammary gland is associated with membranes. This study compares the ATPase activity in microsomal membranes to that of the Golgi apparatus. The enzyme activity in both fractions hydrolyzed Ca2+-ATP and Mg2+-ATP. The ATPase activities were inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate, indicating the involvement of a sulfhydryl group for activity. Although calmodulin had no effect on the ATPase activities of the two fractions, calmodulin antagonists (chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, and trifluoperazine) were inhibitory. Strong inhibitors of the ATPase activities were vanadate, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, La3+, and Zn2+. There were some differences in the activities from two membrane fractions. Although both fractions could hydrolyze all of the triphosphonucleotides, cytidine-5'-triphosphate and uridine-5'-triphosphate were poor substrates for the Golgi enzyme. Detergents diminished the activity of the microsomal enzyme to a much greater extent than the ATPase of the Golgi apparatus. Thus, the intact membrane may be more critical to microsomal activity. The role of these enzymes in Ca2+ accumulation in milk is discussed. RP BINGHAM, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 393 EP 400 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA KM842 UT WOS:A1993KM84200003 PM 8445092 ER PT J AU RAYBURN, EB FOX, DG AF RAYBURN, EB FOX, DG TI VARIATION IN NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER INTAKE OF HOLSTEIN COWS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FEED INTAKE; FIBER INTAKE; DAIRY COWS ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; DRY-MATTER INTAKE; SOYBEAN-MEAL; MILK-PRODUCTION; PROTECTED METHIONINE; SODIUM-BICARBONATE; PROTEIN-SUPPLEMENT; EXTRUDED SOYBEANS; SEASON FORAGES; PHYSICAL FORM AB Published data representing 1284 Holstein cows over 149 treatment periods were used to evaluate alternative methods of predicting DMI. Stepwise multiple regression analyses of ration and cow characteristics against DMI and NDF intake were used (regression set) to develop DMI prediction equations and to test against DMI models (test set). After 70 DIM, DMI was correlated with BW, DIM, FCM, and ration NDF (R2 = .99; standard deviation of the regression = 1.79). Intake of NDF was correlated with DIM, FCM, and ration NDF (R2 = .99; standard deviation of the regression = .096), and NDF intake increased with increasing ration NDF. When evaluated against the test set, the regression model had an average bias of 3% and an error of 1.6 kg/d. A DMI model of Chase and Sniffen (11) that predicts DMI from BW and FCM underestimated DMI but had less bias and error than the NRC model (1.5 vs 1.7 kg), which overestimated DMI. Using a constant NDF intake of 1.2% of BW, the model of Mertens, which predicts DMI from NDF, had the greatest error (2.5 kg). When variable NDF intake, which was estimated by the NDF regression, was used in the model of Mertens, the DMI error decreased to 1.6 kg/d of DM. C1 USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,FRANKLINVILLE,NY 14737. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 52 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 544 EP 554 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA KM842 UT WOS:A1993KM84200019 ER PT J AU SCHUTZ, MM FREEMAN, AE LINDBERG, GL BEITZ, DC AF SCHUTZ, MM FREEMAN, AE LINDBERG, GL BEITZ, DC TI EFFECTS OF MATERNAL LINEAGES GROUPED BY MITOCHONDRIAL GENOTYPES ON MILK-YIELD AND COMPOSITION SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MATERNAL LINEAGE; CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE; MITOCHONDRIAL INHERITANCE; MITOCHONDRIAL DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID CLUSTERING ID CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE; DAIRY-CATTLE; PRODUCTION TRAITS; DNA; REPRODUCTION; SEQUENCE; MICE AB Maternal lineages grouped by several methods of classification using mitochondrial DNA sequence characteristics were evaluated with animal models. Maternal pedigrees for cattle from a selection experiment begun in 1968 were traced to the earliest female member in the Holstein-Friesian Herd Book, and foundation females were assigned to maternal lineages. Mitochondrial DNA displacement loop sequence data were available for 36 lineages; all cows within lineages were considered to be identical for useful DNA sequence polymorphisms. Maternal lineages were grouped according to base pair substitution at a single locus, clustering based on displacement loop sequences, or genotypes defined by sequence and restriction site differences. Base pair substitution (adenine to guanine) at nucleotide 169 defined two maternal lineage groups that differed significantly for fat yield and percentage and estimated milk energy. Clustering the 36 maternal lineages by using 16 mitochondrial DNA displacement loop sequence differences produced 24 groups that significantly influenced fat percentage and energy concentration in milk. Decreasing the number of clustered groups from 24 to 14 produced groups that differed at some polymorphic sites but remained identical for most. The F statistics for 14 groups were larger, but significant outcomes were observed for the same traits. Genotype groups previously defined by sequence and restriction fragment length differences did not have a significant effect on yield or composition of cows in 29 maternal lineages. C1 UNIV IOWA,DEPT ANIM SCI,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. UNIV IOWA,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP SCHUTZ, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 621 EP 629 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA KM842 UT WOS:A1993KM84200028 ER PT J AU SCHUTZ, MM VANRADEN, PM BOETTCHER, PJ HANSEN, LB AF SCHUTZ, MM VANRADEN, PM BOETTCHER, PJ HANSEN, LB TI RELATIONSHIP OF SOMATIC-CELL SCORE AND LINEAR TYPE TRAIT EVALUATIONS OF HOLSTEIN SIRES SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LINEAR TYPE; SOMATIC CELL SCORE; GENETIC EVALUATION; HOLSTEIN ID GENETIC-PARAMETERS; MILK-PRODUCTION; MASTITIS; COUNTS; COWS AB Genetic evaluations of Holstein bulls for mean somatic cell score were compared with their standardized transmitting abilities for linear type traits. Based on first lactation daughter information from five dairy records processing centers, PTA for somatic cell scores for 712 sires ranged from -.50 to .56. Standardized transmitting abilities for 14 type traits were provided for these bulls by the Holstein Association. Mean transmitting abilities for udder traits were negative for the 100 bulls with highest PTA and positive for the 100 bulls with lowest PTA for somatic cell score. For all hulls, correlations of PTA for somatic cell score with udder trait evaluations were negative (-.31 for fore udder attachment, -.28 for udder depth, -.21 for front teat placement, 1.17 for rear udder width. -.16 for udder cleft, and -.13 for rear udder height). The best five-trait model to predict PTA for somatic cell score consisted of transmitting abilities for fore udder attachment, thurl width, strength, dairy form, and body depth (R2 = .142). If PTA for milk yield was included with evaluations for type traits, it replaced dairy form in the model. Inclusion of quadratic terms did not contribute greatly to prediction of PTA for somatic cell score. Selection for higher, more firmly attached udders should contribute to reducing somatic cell scores. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ANIM SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP SCHUTZ, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 658 EP 663 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA KM842 UT WOS:A1993KM84200033 ER PT J AU BULL, DL PATTERSON, RS AF BULL, DL PATTERSON, RS TI CHARACTERIZATION OF PYRETHROID RESISTANCE IN A STRAIN OF THE GERMAN-COCKROACH (DICTYOPTERA, BLATTELLIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLATTELLA-GERMANICA; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; RESISTANCE FACTORS ID SYNERGISM AB Laboratory strains of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), that were either susceptible (S, Orlando Normal) or resistant (R, Village Green) to pyrethroid insecticides were compared in studies of the topical toxicity of permethrin, as well as the in vivo penetration, metabolism, and excretion of radioactive material after topical application of sublethal doses of [C-14]trans-permethrin. The objective of these tests, which were done in the presence or absence of the metabolic synergists PBO or DEF, was to obtain a better idea of the possible contribution to resistance of factors other than a previously identified kdr-like mechanism. Toxicity tests indicated the R cockroaches were highly resistant to permethrin (R/S value 38.9). Pretreatment of insects with PBO or DEF strongly increased the toxicity of permethrin to both S and R strains but did not change the level of resistance; the R/S value with PBO was 42.8 and with DEF was 41.5. Cuticular penetration, internal accumulation, and excretion of radioactive material were all slower in R strain insects. Coadministration of [C-14]trans-permethrin with the synergists reduced its cuticular penetration and the subsequent excretion of radioactive material in both strains; internal accumulation of radioactive material was increased in both strains by PBO but was not affected by DEF. The in vivo degradation of [C-14]trans-permethrin was diminished in both strains by the two synergists, with PBO having the greatest effect. The results suggest that resistance to permethrin in this R strain is influenced primarily by the development of a kdr-like form of insensitivity in neural target sites. This factor might be complemented to some extent by reduced cuticular penetration. Metabolic degradation is a very important defensive mechanism in both S and R strains but does not appear to be enhanced in the R strain to the extent that it could be considered a major contributing factor in resistance. C1 USDA ARS,HOUSEHOLD INSECTS RES UNIT,MED & VET ENTOMOL LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608. RP BULL, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,VET ENTOMOL RES UNIT,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 86 IS 1 BP 20 EP 25 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KL114 UT WOS:A1993KL11400003 ER PT J AU DUBOIS, NR REARDON, RC MIERZEJEWSKI, K AF DUBOIS, NR REARDON, RC MIERZEJEWSKI, K TI FIELD EFFICACY AND DEPOSIT ANALYSIS OF BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS, FORAY 48B, AGAINST GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; PEST CONTROL ID LARVAE; POPULATIONS AB Four aerial treatments of Bacillus thuringiensis (Foray 48B) were evaluated against gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., infestations to determine their field efficacy and foliar deposits. From an initial average density of 2,000 egg masses per ha (EM/ha), gypsy moth populations in the untreated (control) blocks increased to 6,570 EM/ha. At a dose of 30 Billion International Units of insecticidal activity per hectare (BIU/ha) applied in 2.3 and in 7.0 liters, the populations decreased significantly to 337 EM/ha (95% control) and to 280 EM/ha (96% control), respectively. At 60 BIU/4.6 and at 90 BIU/7.0 liters/ha, they decreased to 1175 EM/ha (89% control) and to 50 EM/ha (99% control), respectively. EM density differences between treatments after spray were not significant and all were significantly less than the controls. The mean drop density, estimated volume deposit, drop size (D(V0.5) and relative span (RS) measured on the foliage were 2 drops per cm2, 1.5 nl/cm2, 134 mum D(V0.5), and 0.54 RS for the 2.3 liter/ha application and 8 drops per cm2, 2.2 nl/cm2, 103 mum D(V0.5), and 0.81 RS for the 7.0 liter/ha volume application rates. Nine percent of the leaves collected from blocks sprayed at 2.3 liter/ha had no B. thuringiensis, compared with 2% of the leaves collected from blocks sprayed at 7.0 liter/ha. At 5 or fewer drops per cm', the differences were 83% and 43%, respectively. The remaining 8% of the leaves collected from the blocks sprayed at 2.3 liter had between 5 and 20 drops per cm2, compared with 49% of the leaves from blocks sprayed at 7.0 liter/ha. The remaining 8% of the leaves collected from blocks sprayed at 7.0 liters/ha were covered with >20 drops per cm2. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. US FOREST SERV,NORTHEASTERN AREA STATE & PRIVATE FORESTRY,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. RP DUBOIS, NR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPT STN,CTR BIOL CONTROL,51 MILL POND RD,HAMDEN,CT 06514, USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 86 IS 1 BP 26 EP 33 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KL114 UT WOS:A1993KL11400004 ER PT J AU VAIL, PV TEBBETS, JS MACKEY, BE CURTIS, CE AF VAIL, PV TEBBETS, JS MACKEY, BE CURTIS, CE TI QUARANTINE TREATMENTS - A BIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO DECISION-MAKING FOR SELECTED HOSTS OF CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYDIA-POMONELLA; INFESTATION LEVELS; QUARANTINE TREATMENTS ID METHYL-BROMIDE; FRUIT; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA AB The current criterion for insect quarantine treatments in many countries is the probit 9 (i.e., 99.9968% mortality). This concept is used without due consideration for commodity infestation levels or types (multiple or solitary) or survival on the harvested commodity. Historically, probit 9 was based on security levels required for tropical fruit fly species. However, other quarantined insects such as codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), infest commodities at very low levels; in addition, inherent survival and reproductive potential on these commodities after harvest is quite low. When infestation levels at harvest alone are considered, several of the currently approved quarantine treatments appear to be extremely conservative based on potential for survival and reproduction. Tables are provided showing the probability of a potential mating pair of codling moths occurring in a shipment based on infestation levels, volumes shipped, as well as mortality required, if any, to maintain survival below this level. Systems approaches to quarantine include development of more quantitative biology data, modification of shipment volume, arrival times, and the distribution of the commodity upon arrival. All of these data suggest that quarantine treatment should be based on survival and that, in a number of situations, treatment is not needed at all. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP VAIL, PV (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,COMMOD PROTECT & QUARANTINE INSECT RES UNIT,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 13 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 86 IS 1 BP 70 EP 75 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KL114 UT WOS:A1993KL11400011 ER PT J AU YOKOYAMA, VY HATCHETT, JH MILLER, GT AF YOKOYAMA, VY HATCHETT, JH MILLER, GT TI HESSIAN FLY (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) CONTROL BY HYDROGEN PHOSPHIDE FUMIGATION AND COMPRESSION OF HAY FOR EXPORT TO JAPAN SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; PRESSURE; HYDROGEN PHOSPHIDE FUMIGATION AB A multiple-quarantine treatment of compression and hydrogen phosphide fumigation (60 g/28.3 m3 for 7 d at > 10-degrees-C) was developed to control Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), in six species of hay exported to Japan. The hay included timothy, Phleum pratense; alfalfa, Medicago sativa; oat, Avena sativa; Sudan grass, Sorghum bicolor sudanensis; Bermuda grass, Cynodon dactylon; and rye straw, Secale cereale. Commercial hay compressors configured to produce 72 and 80 kg/cm2 of pressure caused 93 and 97% mortality of Hessian fly puparia in bales held for 7 d in freight containers, respectively. Hydrogen phosphide fumigation of compressed bales significantly increased the mortality of puparia that survived compression in the bales. The total number of Hessian fly puparia tested and insect mortality for all species of hay was 255,191 and 99.940%, respectively, based on the number of puparia in wheat seedlings, and 105,763 and 99.855%, respectively, based on the number of puparia reared to the adult stage in laboratory controls. In total, 153 puparia survived bay compression and fumigation and were reared to the adult stage. The extraordinary number of insects tested in our large-scale tests would not occur in export-quality bay, and mortality would be increased by postharvest bay handling procedures. Hay compression and hydrogen phosphide fumigation can be used to control Hessian fly in a multiple-quarantine treatment and to maintain quarantine security levels required by regulatory agencies for hay exported to Japan. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,USDA ARS,DEPT ENTOMOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP YOKOYAMA, VY (reprint author), USDA,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 86 IS 1 BP 76 EP 85 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KL114 UT WOS:A1993KL11400012 ER PT J AU THORPE, KW RIDGWAY, RL LEONHARDT, BA AF THORPE, KW RIDGWAY, RL LEONHARDT, BA TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) PHEROMONE TRAP CATCH AND POPULATION-DENSITY - COMPARISON OF TRAPS BAITED WITH 1 AND 500 MU-G (+)-DISPARLURE LURES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; PHEROMONE TRAPS; POPULATION DENSITY ID SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING PLANS; DISPAR LEPIDOPTERA; PEST-MANAGEMENT; EFFICIENCY AB The relationship between the number of male gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar (L.), captured in pheromone traps and subsequent egg-mass density in the area surrounding each pheromone trap was determined for traps baited with either 1 or 500 mug of (+)-disparlure. Traps were located along transects that extended from within diflubenzuron-treated spray blocks, in which gypsy moth populations were low (252.0 egg masses per ha), to adjoining areas with high populations (3,390.4 egg masses per ha) that had either been treated with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner or left untreated and that were associated with defoliation of oak, Quercus spp. Traps containing low-dose lures captured means of 5.4 and 32.9 moths in the low and high gypsy moth population density areas, respectively. Traps containing high-dose lures captured means of 431.1 and 874.4 moths in the low and high density areas. Trap captures for both lure doses were significantly correlated with subsequent egg-mass density. Numbers of surviving female pupae under burlap averaged 0.16 and 1.11 per cm in the low- and high-population density areas, respectively. Pupal numbers were also significantly correlated with subsequent egg-mass density. Functional relationships between trap catches and subsequent egg-mass densities for traps containing low- and high-dose lures are given, which explain 60 and 65% of the variation, respectively. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP THORPE, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BLDG 402,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 86 IS 1 BP 86 EP 92 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KL114 UT WOS:A1993KL11400013 ER PT J AU CHALFANT, RB BONDARI, K SUMNER, HR HALL, MR AF CHALFANT, RB BONDARI, K SUMNER, HR HALL, MR TI REDUCTION OF WIREWORM (COLEOPTERA, ELATERIDAE) DAMAGE IN SWEET-POTATO WITH INSECTICIDES APPLIED BY CHEMIGATION SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CONODERUS SPP; SWEET POTATO; SOIL INSECTICIDES ID MANAGEMENT AB Chemigation of insecticides was compared with soil incorporation of granular insecticides to reduce feeding damage of wireworm, Conoderus spp., to sweet potatoes. In 1988, emulsifiable (EC) and oil (EC plus nonemulsifiable oil) formulations of chlorpyrifos chemigated at two water volumes were compared with soil-incorporated chlorpyrifos granules at planting. In 1989 and 1990 EC and oil formulations of chlorpyrifos, chemigated at planting, were followed at root enlargement by chemigated EC and oil formulations of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethoprop, or fonofos. These treatments were compared with soil-incorporated chlorpyrifos granules applied at planting followed at root enlargement by soil-incorporated ethoprop or diazinon granules. During all years, there were no significant differences among formulations in total wireworm feeding damage and all treatments resulted in significant reduction of feeding damage compared with the nontreated check. In 1988, chlorpyrifos chemigated in 63.5 kliter/ha of water resulted in significantly less wireworm damage than when applied in 25.4 kliter/ha of water and was as effective as the soil-incorporated granules. In 1989, plots chemigated both at planting and at root enlargement had significantly less wireworm damage than plots chemigated only at planting. In 1990, when the wireworm population was high, granular chlorpyrifos applied only at planting was more effective than EC of oil formulations of chlorpyrifos chemigated only at planting but was not significantly different from either formulation of chlorpyrifos chemigated at planting followed by EC or oil formulations of ethoprop or diazinon chemigated at root enlargement. Chemigation of insecticides to the soil to control wireworm damage of sweet potato can be an effective, cost-saving alternative to mechanical incorporation of insecticide. Savings include reduction of application costs and less damage to the crop caused by mechanical incorporation of insecticide. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,STAT SERV,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV GEORGIA,COMP SERV,TIFTON,GA 31793. USDA ARS,IBPMRL,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP CHALFANT, RB (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 86 IS 1 BP 123 EP 130 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KL114 UT WOS:A1993KL11400018 ER PT J AU DANKA, RG LANG, GA GUPTON, CL AF DANKA, RG LANG, GA GUPTON, CL TI HONEY-BEE (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) VISITS AND POLLEN SOURCE EFFECTS ON FRUITING OF GULFCOAST SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APIS-MELLIFERA; VACCINIUM; POLLINATION ID SHARPBLUE BLUEBERRY AB Bee visitation levels and pollen sources were varied in an effort to optimize fruit production (especially early ripening, fruit set, and berry weight) of southern highbush blueberry (low chill hybrids of Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Fruiting plants ('Gulfcoast') were enclosed in nylon-mesh cages with colonies of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., and pollinizer plants affording either intravarietal self-pollination, intervarietal crossing, or interspecific crossing with rabbiteye blueberries, Vaccinium ashei Reade. Newly opened blossoms were allowed 0, 1, 5, 10, or unlimited bee visits before being closed with a fine mesh bag. Significant improvements in fruiting characters were achieved between one and five visits and also usually between five and unlimited visits. Fruit set more than tripled between the fewest- and greatest-visit levels; set peaked near 70%. The pollination-to-harvest interval, a chief determinant of blueberry prices in the early season, was shortened by 5 d to 53 +/- 0.5 (SE) d. Berry weight increased 28% from the 0- and 1-visit groups to 1.77 +/- 0.05 g per berry with unlimited visits. Seed numbers increased 2.2-fold to 40 +/- 1 seeds per berry. Sugar concentration of juice ranged from 11.0 to 12.9% and was lower at greater levels of bee visitation. Pollen source did not have a significant effect on any fruiting character measured in 'Gulfcoast'. C1 USDA ARS,SMALL FRUITS RES STN,POPLARVILLE,MS 39470. RP DANKA, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 86 IS 1 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KL114 UT WOS:A1993KL11400019 ER PT J AU HESLER, LS GRIGARICK, AA ORAZE, MJ PALRANG, AT AF HESLER, LS GRIGARICK, AA ORAZE, MJ PALRANG, AT TI ARTHROPOD FAUNA OF CONVENTIONAL AND ORGANIC RICE FIELDS IN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARTHROPODA; RICE FIELD MANAGEMENT; SPECIES RICHNESS ID ASTER LEAFHOPPER HOMOPTERA; DIPTERA; CICADELLIDAE; CHIRONOMIDAE; COMMUNITIES; COLEOPTERA; CARABIDAE; DENSITY; APPLE AB Levels of both pest and nonpest arthropods were compared among four pairs of fields of conventional and organic rice, Oryza sativa L., in California. For seven major pests, there were no significant differences in abundance or in level of damage between conventional and organic treatments. However, in two organic fields, the combination of high infestation level (>5% of rice plants infested) by immature Hydrellia griseola Fallen, an ephydrid leafminer, and low stand densities (<25 plants per 0.09 m2) warranted preventive action to avoid economic loss. Collections revealed a high degree of taxonomic similarity between conventional and organic treatments; species richness did not differ significantly between treatments. However, three predatory taxa-Belostoma flumineum Say, Notonecta spp., and adult Thermonectus basillaris (Harris)-were significantly more abundant in the organic than in the conventional treatment. C1 USDA ARS,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,BROOKINGS,SD 57006. USDA,APHIS,NATL BIOL CONTROL INST,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP HESLER, LS (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENTOMOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 86 IS 1 BP 149 EP 158 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KL114 UT WOS:A1993KL11400021 ER PT J AU MACK, TP DAVIS, DP LYNCH, RE AF MACK, TP DAVIS, DP LYNCH, RE TI DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM TO TIME SCOUTING FOR THE LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (LEPIDOPTERA, PYRALIDAE) ATTACKING PEANUTS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ELASMOPALPUS-LIGNOSELLUS; SOIL INSECTS; INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT ID ELASMOPALPUS-LIGNOSELLUS; WATER RELATIONS; LARVAL DENSITY; EFFICACY; FIELDS AB We developed a system to time scouting for the lesser cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller), in conventionally planted and tilled fields of peanut, Arachis hypogaea (L.). The system used borer-days (BD) to predict when to scout for the damaging larval stage. Borer-days was patterned after degree-days and is a running total of hot and dry weather minus cooler and wetter weather during the growing season. Number of borer-days explained 67% of the variance in the density of E. lignosellus larvae during the 1986 population outbreak in Alabama and Georgia. We calculated the number of borer-days for the past 9 yr and found that borer-days reached > 10 in the outbreak years of 1980, 1986, and 1990 but never reached this value in years when E. lignosellus did not achieve outbreak densities. Applying a granular insecticide at 0 to + 10 BD increased yield compared with yield in untreated plots. Yields did not increase when a granular insecticide was applied at <0 BD. Borer-days can be a valuable tool in predicting when to scout for this insect. C1 AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP MACK, TP (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 86 IS 1 BP 164 EP 173 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KL114 UT WOS:A1993KL11400023 ER PT J AU JENKINS, JN PARROTT, WL MCCARTY, JC CALLAHAN, FE BERBERICH, SA DEATON, WR AF JENKINS, JN PARROTT, WL MCCARTY, JC CALLAHAN, FE BERBERICH, SA DEATON, WR TI GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) ON TRANSGENIC COTTON CONTAINING A TRUNCATED FORM OF THE DELTA ENDOTOXIN GENE FROM BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TRANSGENIC COTTON; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS AB Lines of transgenic cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., that contain a truncated version of the delta endotoxin gene from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki were tested in the laboratory for effects on growth and survival of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.). Five transgenic lines contained the cryIA(b) gene from bacterial strain HD-1 and one cotton line (MON-249) had the cryIA(c) gene from the strain HD-73. Neonate larvae of tobacco budworm were grown for 6 d on 10 different kinds of plant structures of the six transgenic, field-grown cotton lines and the nontransgenic, parental 'Coker 312'. Mean growth and survival of neonate larvae to 6 d for the transgenic lines as a group were significantly less than 'Coker 312' for every plant structure. Among the six transgenic lines, significant variation in survival of neonate larvae to 6 d on terminal leaves, small squares, and on bracts were observed; however, insect weights were very low and not different among transgenic lines. When larvae were fed on artificial diet before they were placed on mature leaves they tended to have higher survival on one transgenic line (MON-62) than on the others. No larvae pupated on transgenic lines. These laboratory assays using field-grown plant structures indicate that cotton transgenic for delta endotoxin has great potential in controlling tobacco budworm larvae under field conditions. C1 AGR GRP MONSANTO,ST LOUIS,MO. RP JENKINS, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 10 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 86 IS 1 BP 181 EP 185 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KL114 UT WOS:A1993KL11400025 ER PT J AU RYAN, PR DITOMASO, JM KOCHIAN, LV AF RYAN, PR DITOMASO, JM KOCHIAN, LV TI ALUMINUM TOXICITY IN ROOTS - AN INVESTIGATION OF SPATIAL SENSITIVITY AND THE ROLE OF THE ROOT CAP SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE ALUMINUM; TOXICITY; ROOT GROWTH; ROOT CAP ID ZEA-MAYS; CELL-DIVISION; GROWTH; TOLERANCE; DIFFERENTIATION; PHYTOTOXICITY; MECHANISMS; PLANTS; WHEAT AB The primary symptom of aluminium (Al) toxicity in higher plants is inhibition of root growth. In this study, we investigated the spatial sensitivity of maize (Zea mays L.) roots to Al. A divided-chamber technique indicated that only exposure of the terminal 10 to 15 mm of the root to Al resulted in inhibition of growth. Application of Al to all but this apical region of the root had little or no effect on growth for 24 h and caused minimal damage to the root tissue. Small agar blocks infused with Al were then applied to discrete areas of the apex of maize roots to determine which section (root cap, meristem or elongation zone) was more important to Al-induced inhibition of growth. The terminal 2-0 to 3.0 mm of root (root cap and meristem) must be exposed to Al for inhibition. Application of Al to the 3.0 mm of root proximal to this terminal zone (elongation zone) resulted in damage to the root tissue but no significant inhibition of growth. Therefore, the visible injuries incurred by roots during Al-stress are not associated directly with the inhibition of root growth. Furthermore, removal of the root cap had no effect on the Al-induced inhibition of root growth in solution experiments and argues against the root cap providing protection from Al stress or serving an essential role in the mechanism of toxicity. We suggest that the meristem is the primary site of Al-toxicity. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 43 TC 389 Z9 452 U1 11 U2 38 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 44 IS 259 BP 437 EP 446 DI 10.1093/jxb/44.2.437 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KQ022 UT WOS:A1993KQ02200010 ER PT J AU SIRAGUSA, GR DICKSON, JS DANIELS, EK AF SIRAGUSA, GR DICKSON, JS DANIELS, EK TI ISOLATION OF LISTERIA SPP FROM FECES OF FEEDLOT CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; MONOCYTOGENES EXCRETION; MEAT-PRODUCTS; ANIMALS; FOODS; SHEEP AB Healthy feedlot beef cattle were surveyed for the presence of Listeria spp. in fecal grab samples taken over 3 months. Composite samples were made from 224 individual animals each month. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from one composite sample (4%) from the first sampling and not from the subsequent two. Listeria innocua was found in composite samples from all three samplings at levels of 17, 9, and 35%, respectively. From the individual samples comprising the Listeria spp.--positive composites, L. monoytogenes was isolated from one sample (3%) in the second sampling but not in the first or third samplings. L. innocua was found in 9, 8, and 10% of the individual samples comprising Listeria--positive composites in the first, second, and third samplings, respectively. The two L. monocytogenes isolates were pathogenic to mice. Further characterization of these isolates revealed atypical rhamnose fermentation patterns. These results indicate that the frequency of isolation of L. monocytogenes from feedlot beef cattle is low. RP SIRAGUSA, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 56 IS 2 BP 102 EP & PG 0 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA KM850 UT WOS:A1993KM85000002 ER PT J AU HOGUE, AT DREESEN, DW GREEN, SS RAGLAND, RD JAMES, WO BERGERON, EA COOK, LV PRATT, MD MARTIN, DR AF HOGUE, AT DREESEN, DW GREEN, SS RAGLAND, RD JAMES, WO BERGERON, EA COOK, LV PRATT, MD MARTIN, DR TI BACTERIA ON BEEF BRISKETS AND GROUND-BEEF - CORRELATION WITH SLAUGHTER VOLUME AND ANTEMORTEM CONDEMNATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article AB Aerobic plate counts of 3,455 brisket and 1,370 ground beef samples were examined for association with slaughter volume in 547 U.S. beef slaughter establishments. In general, high-volume beef slaughter establishments control total aerobic bacteria counts on briskets and ground beef more effectively than small volume establishments. The lower Aerobic plate counts at high slaughter volumes may have resulted from uniformity of cattle slaughtered, specialization of labor, measures taken to prevent contamination, and effective decontamination of carcasses in high-volume slaughter establishments. In this study the prevalence of Salmonella contamination was found to be more closely associated with the health of animals brought to slaughter than with certain conditions in the slaughter establishments. The prevalence of contamination of brisket and ground beef samples with Salmonella was highest in calf slaughter establishments. Salmonella contamination on brisket samples increased as antemortem condemnation increased in establishments that slaughter calves. No association was found between Salmonella contamination and slaughter volume. RP HOGUE, AT (reprint author), USDA,DIV SCI & TECHNOL SLAUGHTER INSPECTION STAND & PROCEDURES,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 56 IS 2 BP 110 EP & PG 0 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA KM850 UT WOS:A1993KM85000004 ER PT J AU VOSS, KA CHAMBERLAIN, WJ BRENNECKE, LH AF VOSS, KA CHAMBERLAIN, WJ BRENNECKE, LH TI SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY STUDY OF EASTERN BLACK NIGHTSHADE (SOLANUM-PTYCANTHUM) BERRIES IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID GLYCOALKALOIDS; NIGRUM AB Species of the Solanum nigrum complex, including eastern black nightshade (S. ptycanthum Dun.), are common nuisance plants, and their berries often contaminate agricultural commodities. Black nightshade plants and their fruits contain solanaceous glycoalkaloids, but little information is available regarding their toxicity in vivo. Male and female rats were fed diets containing 0, 1, 5 or 25 % (w/w) eastern black nightshade berries (BNB) for 13 weeks. BNB had no effect upon clinical appearance and behavior, body weight, food and water consumption, serum chemical profiles or organ weights. Gross or microscopic lesions related to BNB were not found. Anemia was present in high-dose males after six weeks and in mid-dose males, high-dose males and high-dose females after 13 weeks. Erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrits of these groups were significantly decreased and averaged 81-93 % of their respective control values. Erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrits of males fed 1 % BNB, females fed 1 % BNB and females fed 5 % BNB averaged 94-97 % of the control values after 13 weeks. These findings indicate that ingestion of low to moderate amounts of S. ptycanthum berries does not pose a significant health risk, although anemia may be a potential consequence of prolonged exposure to highly contaminated foodstuffs. C1 PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,FREDERICK,MD 21701. RP VOSS, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 13 IS 2 BP 91 EP 97 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1993.tb00097.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA KY276 UT WOS:A1993KY27600002 ER PT J AU PENSABENE, JW FIDDLER, W AF PENSABENE, JW FIDDLER, W TI EFFECT OF CARBOHYDRATE CRYOPROTECTING AGENTS ON THE FORMATION OF N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE IN SURIMI-MEAT FRANKFURTERS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID NITROSAMINE FORMATION; MODEL SYSTEM; INHIBITION; FISH AB Previous investigations of frankfuters substituted with Alaska pollock consistently showed that, after broiling, higher levels on N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) were found in the surimi containing frankfurters compared to those containing the corresponding washed mince. This was apparent in the 50 %, but not in the 15 % substituted frankfurters. The addition of the cryoprotecting agents, sucrose and sorbitol, to the washed mince to make surimi was the major difference in the two forms offish. Model system experiments carried out, first in an aqueous pH 5.8 buffer and second, in a 50 % fish-meat simulated frankfurter system indicated that the combination of sucrose-sorbitol increased and fructose-sorbitol decreased NDMA formation. Frankfurters prepared with 50 % washed mince and containing different carbohydrates showed that sucrose-sorbitol gave higher NDMA values than fructose-sorbitol, even though all the carbohydrates tested gave NDMA results higher than the control. RP PENSABENE, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 13 IS 2 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1993.tb00100.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA KY276 UT WOS:A1993KY27600005 ER PT J AU SIRAGUSA, GR DICKSON, JS AF SIRAGUSA, GR DICKSON, JS TI INHIBITION OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES, SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM AND ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 ON BEEF MUSCLE-TISSUE BY LACTIC OR ACETIC-ACID CONTAINED IN CALCIUM ALGINATE GELS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article AB A method of applying organic acids contained in a calcium alginate gel was tested for inhibiting bacteria contaminating sterile lean beef tissue surfaces. Treated samples were incubated at 5C under controlled moisture conditions for up to 7 days and viable populations of the pathogens determined. For counts of L. monocytogenes, recovered on tryptic soy agar, alginate/lactic acid treatment reduced the log10 counts 1.8 units vs 0.96 for acid treatment without alginate. With acetic acid, log10 reductions were 1.51 vs 2.33 for the alginate/acetic acid vs acetic acid treatment alone. S. typhimurium was reduced 2.11 log10 units vs 1.11 for alginate/lactic acid and acid treatments alone, respectively. The same trend held for E. coli O157:H7, although the reduction was considerably less, 0.74 log10 reduction vs 0.5 for alginate/lactic acid application vs acid alone. Both Gram-negative organisms were less inhibited by acetic acid treatments. RP SIRAGUSA, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR, POB 166, CLAY CTR, NE 68933 USA. NR 15 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 13 IS 2 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1993.tb00102.x PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA KY276 UT WOS:A1993KY27600007 ER PT J AU PETERSEN, M HARMON, D AF PETERSEN, M HARMON, D TI WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT - THE EFFECT OF NEW EXPECTATIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US BUR LAND MANAGEMENT,PORTLAND,OR. RP PETERSEN, M (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 91 IS 2 BP 10 EP 14 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KL349 UT WOS:A1993KL34900013 ER PT J AU HENDEE, JC EWERT, A AF HENDEE, JC EWERT, A TI WILDERNESS RESEARCH - FUTURE-NEEDS AND DIRECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. RP HENDEE, JC (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,COLL FORESTRY WILDLIFE & RANGE SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 91 IS 2 BP 18 EP 21 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KL349 UT WOS:A1993KL34900016 ER PT J AU COLE, DN AF COLE, DN TI WILDERNESS RECREATION MANAGEMENT - WE NEED MORE THAN BANDAGES AND TOOTHPASTE SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP COLE, DN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,RES STN,MISSOULA,MT, USA. NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 91 IS 2 BP 22 EP 24 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KL349 UT WOS:A1993KL34900017 ER PT J AU WU, GS KAPER, JM TOUSIGNANT, ME MASUTA, C KUWATA, S TAKANAMI, Y PENA, L DIAZRUIZ, JR AF WU, GS KAPER, JM TOUSIGNANT, ME MASUTA, C KUWATA, S TAKANAMI, Y PENA, L DIAZRUIZ, JR TI TOMATO NECROSIS AND THE 369 NUCLEOTIDE-Y SATELLITE OF CUCUMBER MOSAIC-VIRUS - FACTORS AFFECTING SATELLITE BIOLOGICAL EXPRESSION SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRAL SATELLITE; STRAIN-Y; RNA; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIC; CARNA-5; AGENT AB To determine which factors can affect biological expression of the Y satellite RNA of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in tomato, three laboratories collaboratively exchanged their natural satellite variants, the corresponding recombinant DNA clones and helper virus strains, as well as tomato varieties, on which different observations previously reported were based. The effects of these materials and the influence of temperature on symptom expression were systematically studied. The results show that in a standardized tomato bioassay at 24-degrees-C, the Y satellite, when supported by either CMV-1 or CMV-Y, did not induce tomato necrosis in the Rutgers variety but elicited a slower necrotic response in the Best of All variety that was variably lethal, as compared to the faster inevitably lethal response induced by a prototype necrogenic D satellite variant in both tomato varieties. At higher temperatures (26.5 to 32-degrees-C) an extremely fast-killing necrosis caused by CMV-Y itself was observed. The study demonstrates that in experiments on virus symptom modulation induced by CMV satellites, the nature of the helper virus, host plant varieties, as well as the environmental conditions should be precisely defined, and the effects of each parameter change determined separately. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. JAPAN TOBACCO INC,LIFE SCI RES LAB,MIDORI KU,YOKOHAMA 227,JAPAN. CSIC,CTR INVEST BIOL,UEI FITOPATOL,E-28006 MADRID,SPAIN. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. RI Masuta, Chikara/A-6689-2012; Pena Garcia, Leandro Antonio/F-9089-2014 OI Pena Garcia, Leandro Antonio/0000-0002-9853-366X NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 74 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-74-2-161 PN 2 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA KL088 UT WOS:A1993KL08800002 PM 8429299 ER PT J AU ARNOLD, JG ALLEN, PM BERNHARDT, G AF ARNOLD, JG ALLEN, PM BERNHARDT, G TI A COMPREHENSIVE SURFACE-GROUNDWATER FLOW MODEL SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-RESOURCES; RURAL BASINS; SIMULATOR AB In this study, a simple groundwater flow and height model was added to an existing basin-scale surface water model. The linked model is: (1) watershed scale, allowing the basin to be subdivided; (2) designed to accept readily available inputs to allow general use over large regions; (3) continuous in time to allow simulation of land management, including such factors as climate and vegetation changes, pond and reservoir management, groundwater withdrawals, and stream and reservoir withdrawals. The model is described, and is validated on a 471 km 2 watershed near Waco, Texas. This linked model should provide a comprehensive tool for water resource managers in development and planning. C1 BAYLOR UNIV,DEPT GEOL,WACO,TX 76798. HALL SW,AUSTIN,TX 78731. RP ARNOLD, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN, USA. NR 61 TC 417 Z9 435 U1 4 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 142 IS 1-4 BP 47 EP 69 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(93)90004-S PG 23 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA KQ063 UT WOS:A1993KQ06300003 ER PT J AU GILLEY, JE ELLIOT, WJ LAFLEN, JM SIMANTON, JR AF GILLEY, JE ELLIOT, WJ LAFLEN, JM SIMANTON, JR TI CRITICAL SHEAR-STRESS AND CRITICAL FLOW-RATES FOR INITIATION OF RILLING SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EROSION AB This study was conducted to identify critical shear stress and critical flow rates required to initiate rilling on selected sites. The data used in this investigation were collected from soils located throughout the USA where crop residues had been removed, and moldboard plowing and disking had occurred. Runoff and soil loss measurements were made on sites where simulated rainfall was applied to preformed rills. Multiple regression analyses were used to relate critical shear stress values and critical flow rates to selected soil properties. The soil-based regression equations were found to provide reliable estimates. Information identified in this study will improve our ability to understand and properly model upland runoff and erosion processes. C1 USDA ARS,TUCSON,AZ 85719. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP GILLEY, JE (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 9 TC 39 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 142 IS 1-4 BP 251 EP 271 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(93)90013-Y PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA KQ063 UT WOS:A1993KQ06300012 ER PT J AU LEATHERS, TD GUPTA, SC ALEXANDER, NJ AF LEATHERS, TD GUPTA, SC ALEXANDER, NJ TI MYCOPESTICIDES - STATUS, CHALLENGES AND POTENTIAL SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; HERBICIDE; INSECTICIDE ID FUNGUS BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; CUTICLE-DEGRADING ENZYMES; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; COLLETOTRICHUM-GLOEOSPORIOIDES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; XANTHIUM-SPINOSUM; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; MANDUCA-SEXTA; INDUSTRIALISTS VIEW AB Fungi figure prominently among potential biocontrol agents of major agricultural pests, including weeds and insects. Fungi are among the most important pathogens of plants, and insect pathogenic fungi have long been of interest because of their unique mode of infection and their ability to create epizootics. Despite the fact that mycopesticides have a long experimental history, they have enjoyed only limited commercial success to date. Naturally occurring fungi are considered to be relatively slow acting and unreliable as biocontrol agents. Current research into mass production and formulation problems may provide additional mycopesticides during the current decade. The long-range potential of these biocontrol agents will depend upon the success of new screening programmes, as well as basic research into the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP LEATHERS, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 110 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 8 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 12 IS 2 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1007/BF01569904 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PR142 UT WOS:A1993PR14200001 ER PT J AU AHLGREN, JA AF AHLGREN, JA TI PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF A XANTHAN DEPOLYMERASE FROM A HEAT-STABLE SALT-TOLERANT BACTERIAL CONSORTIUM SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE XANTHAN; XANTHAN DEGRADATION; ENZYMATIC VISCOSITY BREAKER; DEPOLYMERASE; CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULASE ID BIODEGRADATION AB A bacterial consortium (NRRL B-14401) resulting from soil enrichment growth on xanthan gum produces enzymes that can degrade xanthan gum in salt-containing solutions at temperatures up to 65-degrees-C. One component that cleaves the backbone linkages of both xanthan gum and carboxymethyl cellulose is called xanthan depolymerase. Two such depolymerase activities were isolated by high performance anion exchange chromatography, and their molecular weights determined by size exclusion chromatography to be 170 000 and 100 000 Da. The 170-kDa protein was purified and its properties studied. Sodium chloride and potassium chloride enhanced the hydrolysis of carboxymethyl cellulose, but decreased the rate of degradation of xanthan gum. The purified enzyme, which was optimally active at pH 6, was less stable to extremes of temperature than crude mixtures of cell-free culture broth; stabilized by its substrate it was active for more than 6 h at 50-degrees-C. RP AHLGREN, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 12 IS 2 BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.1007/BF01569906 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA PR142 UT WOS:A1993PR14200003 ER PT J AU HOU, CT AF HOU, CT TI SCREENING OF MICROBIAL ESTERASES FOR ASYMMETRIC HYDROLYSIS OF 2-ETHYLHEXYL BUTYRATE SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ESTERASE; ETHYLHEXYL BUTYRATE; HYDROLYTIC STEREOSPECIFICITY ID ACID; LIPASE AB A pH indicator agar plate method was used to screen for esterase activities for hydrolysis of 2-ethylhexyl butyrate. Seven hundred and fifty-seven selected microbial cultures, including 325 bacteria and 432 yeasts and actinomycetes from the ARS Culture Collection, were screened. Among them, 62 cultures hydrolyzed 2-ethylhexyl butyrate. Of these strains only 17 showed lipase activity on a rhodamine B lipase screen. The reaction products, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and n-butyric acid, were confirmed by gas-liquid chromatography (GC) and GC/MS analyses. The yield of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol varied depending on the strains of the microorganisms, with the highest yield at 79.1% by a strain of Pseudomonas myxogenes. Product analyses with a cyclodextrin GC chiral column showed that two strains of Pseudomonas produced greater than 80% enantiomeric excess of S( + )-2-ethyl-1-hexanol. RP HOU, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 11 IS 2 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1007/BF01583678 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA KQ057 UT WOS:A1993KQ05700003 ER PT J AU SANQUER, S ELLER, MS GILCHREST, BA AF SANQUER, S ELLER, MS GILCHREST, BA TI RETINOIDS AND STATE OF DIFFERENTIATION MODULATE CRABP-II GENE-EXPRESSION IN A SKIN EQUIVALENT SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID-BINDING PROTEIN; CULTURED HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; EPIDERMAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE; TERMINAL DIFFERENTIATION; INVITRO; FIBROBLASTS; MORPHOGENESIS; PURIFICATION; ACTIVATION; RECEPTORS AB Cellular retinoic acid - binding proteins (CRABPs) are a family of proteins that specifically bind retinoic acid (RA) and have been implicated in mediating its action, although their exact function is still unknown. Two CRABPs have been identified and cloned. CRABP I is present in many tissues and cultured cells; CRABP II, first detected in embryonic and neonatal skin of rats and chicks, is now recognized as the predominant form in human epidermis. Using a human living skin equivalent model composed of a dermis and an epidermis and human cDNAs recently cloned in our laboratory, we have studied the effects of 10(-6) M RA and etretin (ET) on the expression of CRABPs under different culture conditions intended to favor greater or lesser degrees of epidermal differentiation. Total cellular RNA was isolated separately from the dermis and epidermis and processed for northern blot analysis. At a presumptive physiologic RA concentration, only the gene for CRABP II, and not for CRABP I, was expressed. CRABP II transcripts were far more abundant on a per cell basis in epidermal keratinocytes than in dermal fibroblasts under all conditions studied. Epidermal differentiation, stimulated by air exposure of the cultures, tended to enhance CRABP II expression, and treatment with presumptive therapeutic concentrations of the two retinoid compounds tended to decrease CRABP II expression. Opposite effects of air exposure and retinoid treatment were observed on steady state levels of mRNA for selected markers of epidermal differentiation: involucrin, transglutaminase, and spr I. These results are consistent with earlier work at the protein level examining the effect of retinoids on CRABP activity and state of differentiation both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, the skin equivalent appears to be an excellent model system for investigating the role of CRABPs in mediating retinoid effects at the cellular and molecular levels. C1 BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,80 E CONCORD ST,BOSTON,MA 02118. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,CTR HUMAN NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 100 IS 2 BP 148 EP 153 DI 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12462785 PG 6 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA KM220 UT WOS:A1993KM22000010 PM 8381448 ER PT J AU MATYASZCZYK, M KARCZMAREWICZ, E CZARNOWSKA, E REYNOLDS, RD LORENC, RS AF MATYASZCZYK, M KARCZMAREWICZ, E CZARNOWSKA, E REYNOLDS, RD LORENC, RS TI VITAMIN-B6 DEFICIENCY ALTERS RAT ENTEROCYTE CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS BUT NOT DUODENAL TRANSPORT SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS; ENTEROCYTES; VITAMIN-B6 DEFICIENCY; RATS; NUTRIENT INTERACTION ID LIVER PARENCHYMAL-CELLS; ALPHA-1-ADRENERGIC STIMULATION; PYRIDOXAL 5'-PHOSPHATE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BINDING PROTEIN; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; COMPARTMENTALIZATION; HEPATOCYTES; MEMBRANE; HORMONE AB Isolated enterocytes were used as differential transporting cells to examine calcium homeostasis in control and vitamin B-6-deficient rats. Kinetic analysis of calcium fluxes, as well as biochemical determinations, indicated that enterocytes from control animals had high concentrations of cytosol ionized calcium (318.5 +/- 22.4 nmol/L) and a large pool of exchangeable calcium (2.72 nmol/mg protein, or 86% of total cell calcium). Vitamin B-6 deficiency resulted in a 44% reduction in total cellular calcium (1.71 +/- 0.24 vs. 3.07 +/- 0.29 nmol/mg protein), a 69% reduction in total exchangeable calcium (0.85 vs. 2.72 nmol/mg protein) and a 56% reduction in cytosol ionized calcium concentration (141.4 +/- 13.5 vs. 318.5 +/- 22.4 nmol/L). Calcium fluxes between all cellular compartments were markedly diminished as a result of vitamin B-6 deficiency. However, vitamin B-6 deficiency did not affect the basic morphological or functional features of the enterocytes, such as cell viability, cell volume, membrane permeability and protein content. Moreover, intestinal calcium transport in vivo was not affected during vitamin B-6 deficiency, perhaps due to the greater paracellular ion movement compensating for the lower transcellular transport. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CHILDS HLTH CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM & EXPTL MED,PL-04736 WARSAW,POLAND. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 123 IS 2 BP 204 EP 215 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KL612 UT WOS:A1993KL61200006 PM 8429369 ER PT J AU SHULMAN, RJ AF SHULMAN, RJ TI THE PIGLET CAN BE USED TO STUDY THE EFFECTS OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION ON BODY-COMPOSITION SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON HISTORICAL VIEW OF THE SAFETY OF THE FOOD SUPPLY, AT THE 76TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SOC FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY CY APR 28, 1992 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP AMER SOC EXPTL BIOL DE TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION; ENTERAL; NEWBORN; PIGLET; BODY COMPOSITION ID INFANT MINIATURE PIGS; FUEL MIXES; DISACCHARIDASE ACTIVITY; MASS AB Measurement of body composition provides insight into the regulation of normal development as well as the interactions among nutritional, physiological, and biochemical functions. Studies of body composition require an animal model in which body composition at birth and postnatal changes are comparable to those in human infants. Essential to studies of body composition is an animal model that can be fed under various conditions (parenteral and enteral) and can undergo various measurements (whole body and cellular level). The piglet meets these requirements. The postnatal changes in the body composition of infants and piglets are reviewed, and various studies are discussed to show the effect of parenteral and enteral nutrition on piglet body composition. Confirmation of physiological and biochemical similarities in the regulation of body composition in human infants and piglets awaits further study. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP SHULMAN, RJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 123 IS 2 SU S BP 395 EP 398 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KM528 UT WOS:A1993KM52800027 PM 8429393 ER PT J AU LUKASKI, HC AF LUKASKI, HC TI SOFT-TISSUE COMPOSITION AND BONE-MINERAL STATUS - EVALUATION BY DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON HISTORICAL VIEW OF THE SAFETY OF THE FOOD SUPPLY, AT THE 76TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SOC FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY CY APR 28, 1992 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP AMER SOC EXPTL BIOL DE BODY COMPOSITION; INFANTS; ADULTS; BONE MINERAL ID BODY-COMPOSITION; PHOTON-ABSORPTIOMETRY; LUMBAR SPINE; MASS; DENSITY; ADULTS AB Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a new method for assessing whole-body and regional bone, fat and fat-free mineral-free soft tissue masses. X-rays at two discrete energy levels are collimated and directed into the body. The attenuation of the X-rays by the various chemical components in the body permits determination of important compositional variables. The precision and accuracy of the DXA measurements of bone mineral content and density are 99% and < 1% error, respectively. The reproducibility of the determinations of soft tissue composition is approximately 99%. Because the radiation dose associated with the X-ray exposure is low, DXA is a safe method for routine use in humans. Various applications are described, including an assessment of bone mineral status and body composition in adults and infants. This method is appealing for nutritional studies because it directly determines the composition of bone and of the body. RP LUKASKI, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 29 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 123 IS 2 SU S BP 438 EP 443 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KM528 UT WOS:A1993KM52800036 PM 8429400 ER PT J AU KEHAYIAS, JJ AF KEHAYIAS, JJ TI AGING AND BODY-COMPOSITION - POSSIBILITIES FOR FUTURE STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON HISTORICAL VIEW OF THE SAFETY OF THE FOOD SUPPLY, AT THE 76TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SOC FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY CY APR 28, 1992 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP AMER SOC EXPTL BIOL DE BODY FAT; AGING ID INVIVO NEUTRON-ACTIVATION; NITROGEN; CARBON; FAT AB Three approaches are being taken to the development of techniques for measuring body composition: 1) improving present methods, 2) formulating and devising new body composition measuring techniques and 3) focusing on specific problems of body composition changes in aging. The improvement of multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance and dual-photon absorptiometry imaging belong under the first category. Recent developments in low radiation exposure measurement of body carbon and oxygen by neutron inelastic scattering and body protein by gamma-ray resonance are examples of new technology applied to the direct assessment of body composition of the elderly. The third category remains the most important one and should motivate the evolution of existing methods and the development of new. Current questions focus on distribution of regional body fat and its role in cardiovascular diseases and the depletion of lean body mass with age and its relation to functional capacity, quality of life and resistance to injury or disease. The relationship between the distribution of fat, the depletion of muscle tissue and changes in cellular function with age will become the focus of the future studies of body composition. RP KEHAYIAS, JJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,BODY COMPOSIT LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 123 IS 2 SU S BP 454 EP 458 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KM528 UT WOS:A1993KM52800039 PM 8429403 ER PT J AU EVANS, WJ CAMPBELL, WW AF EVANS, WJ CAMPBELL, WW TI SARCOPENIA AND AGE-RELATED-CHANGES IN BODY-COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONAL-CAPACITY SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON HISTORICAL VIEW OF THE SAFETY OF THE FOOD SUPPLY, AT THE 76TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SOC FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY CY APR 28, 1992 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP AMER SOC EXPTL BIOL DE SKELETAL MUSCLE; EXERCISE; FRAILTY ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; OLDER MEN; STRENGTH; HYPERTROPHY; VO2MAX; WOMEN AB Advancing adult age is associated with profound changes in body composition. One of the most prominent of these changes is sarcopenia, defined as the age-related loss in skeletal muscle mass, which results in decreased strength and aerobic capacity and thus functional capacity. Sarcopenia is also closely linked to age-related losses in bone mineral, basal metabolic rate and increased body fat content. Through physical exercise and training, especially resistance training, it may be possible to prevent sarcopenia and the remarkable array of associated abnormalities, such as type II diabetes, coronary artery disease, hypertension, osteoporosis and obesity. Using an exercise program of sufficient frequency, intensity and duration, it is quite possible to increase muscle strength and endurance at any age. There is no pharmacological intervention that holds a greater promise of improving health and promoting independence in the elderly than does exercise. RP EVANS, WJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,HUMAN PHYSIOL LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 27 TC 241 Z9 253 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 123 IS 2 SU S BP 465 EP 468 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KM528 UT WOS:A1993KM52800041 PM 8429405 ER PT J AU ROUBENOFF, R AF ROUBENOFF, R TI HORMONES, CYTOKINES AND BODY-COMPOSITION - CAN LESSONS FROM ILLNESS BE APPLIED TO AGING SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON HISTORICAL VIEW OF THE SAFETY OF THE FOOD SUPPLY, AT THE 76TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SOC FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY CY APR 28, 1992 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP AMER SOC EXPTL BIOL DE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN-1; LEAN BODY MASS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; HUMAN ID RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; AGE; EXERCISE; STRENGTH; IMPACT; WOMEN; MASS AB Loss of lean body mass (LBM) is a hallmark of aging and of acute and chronic illness. Loss of more than 40% of lean mass is not compatible with life. The causes of loss of LBM in aging remain obscure, although changes in growth hormone production, physical activity and the cytokines interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha may play a role. The usefulness of a disease model based on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered, in which all these changes occur to a greater degree and independently of age. RA is a common autoimmune condition in which cytokine production is increased, LBM is reduced and mortality is greatly accelerated. These observations suggest that, with respect to body composition at least, RA represents a model of ''accelerated'' aging. A hypothesis is presented that unifies metabolic and immunologic observations and changes in body composition. The interrelationship of the immune system and body composition is an important area that deserves further investigation. RP ROUBENOFF, R (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BODY COMPOSIT LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-08443] NR 36 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 123 IS 2 SU S BP 469 EP 473 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KM528 UT WOS:A1993KM52800042 PM 8429406 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, SB FUSS, P EVANS, WJ HEYMAN, MB YOUNG, VR AF ROBERTS, SB FUSS, P EVANS, WJ HEYMAN, MB YOUNG, VR TI ENERGY-EXPENDITURE, AGING AND BODY-COMPOSITION SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON HISTORICAL VIEW OF THE SAFETY OF THE FOOD SUPPLY, AT THE 76TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SOC FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY CY APR 28, 1992 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP AMER SOC EXPTL BIOL DE DOUBLY LABELED WATER; ENERGY METABOLISM; FAT; OBESITY; ENERGY INTAKE ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; OVERWEIGHT MEN; FOOD-INTAKE; ADULT MEN; THERMOGENESIS; HUMANS; WEIGHT; WOMEN; CALORIMETRY; STORAGE AB We investigated the importance of adaptive variations in energy expenditure in the regulation of energy balance in young and elderly men of normal body weight leading unrestricted lives. Changes were measured in total and resting energy expenditure and body composition in response to overeating by approximately 4.2 MJ/d or undereating by 3.3 MJ/d for 21 d in 39 young and elderly men consuming a typical diet. In the young men, an average of 85-90% of the excess energy intake during overeating was deposited. During underfeeding, mobilization of body energy compensated for an average of 65% of the energy deficit in these subjects. The resting metabolic rate, averaged for fasting and fed states, increased during overfeeding (+0.63 +/- 0.20 MJ/d, P < 0.01) and decreased during underfeeding (-0.42 +/- 0.12 MJ/d), but at least some of these changes were due to the obligatory expenditure associated with nutrient assimilation. There was no significant change in energy expenditure for physical activity or thermoregulation from overfeeding or underfeeding. Preliminary results indicate that aging had no effect on responses to overfeeding or underfeeding. These findings suggest that adaptive variations in energy expenditure are not the major determinant of energy regulation in young adults of normal body weight and that, instead, energy balance is maintained on a day-to-day basis through the control of nutrient intakes. C1 MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP ROBERTS, SB (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-07388] NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 123 IS 2 SU S BP 474 EP 480 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KM528 UT WOS:A1993KM52800043 PM 8429407 ER PT J AU BAFFORD, RA SEAGULL, RW CHUNG, SY MILLIE, DF AF BAFFORD, RA SEAGULL, RW CHUNG, SY MILLIE, DF TI INTRACELLULAR-LOCALIZATION OF THE TASTE ODOR METABOLITE 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL IN OSCILLATORIA-LIMOSA (CYANOPHYTA) SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Note DE AQUACULTURE; CYANOPHYTA; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; OSCILLATORIA-LIMOSA; RUBISCO; TASTE ODOR COMPOUNDS; WATER QUALITY ID GEOSMIN PRODUCTION; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; CYANOBACTERIUM; BREVIS; OXYGENASE; WATER; ALGAE AB The monoterpene derivative, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), is produced by many blue-green algae and often is responsible for the ''musty'' taste/odor in aquaculturally raised finfish and potable water supplies. Although previous researchers have suggested that taste/odor metabolites are partitioned among cell constituents and that co-regulation with pigment biosynthesis occurs, no structural evidence for these hypotheses exists. MIB was localized in cells of Oscillatoria limosa (Roth) Agardh at the ultrastructural level using standard gold-labeled antibody techniques. There was no apparent relationship between age of the cells and MIB synthesis; cells that were and were not undergoing active division had similar amounts Of MIB label. There was no consistent partitioning of MIB label within cells. However, occasionally, specific label was observed along photosynthetic lamellae, suggesting a potential linkage of MIB synthesis and/or binding to the pigment systems. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. LOYOLA UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU PHYCOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 29 IS 1 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.1993.tb00285.x PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KP046 UT WOS:A1993KP04600013 ER PT J AU LAHR, ML AF LAHR, ML TI PUT UP OR GIVE WAY - STATES, ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS, AND POVERTY - SIDOR,J SO JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP LAHR, ML (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,HUMAN RESOURCES & IND BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02148-5023 SN 0022-4146 J9 J REGIONAL SCI JI J. Reg. Sci. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 110 EP 111 PG 2 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA LG972 UT WOS:A1993LG97200014 ER PT J AU BAILEY, DG AF BAILEY, DG TI REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT BAILEY,DAVID,G., OPENING THE 89TH ANNUAL-MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP BAILEY, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 88 IS 2 BP 44 EP 45 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA MM938 UT WOS:A1993MM93800002 ER PT J AU FEAIRHELLER, SH AF FEAIRHELLER, SH TI ACCEPTANCE OF THE 1993 FRED-OFLAHERTY-SERVICE-AWARD SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP FEAIRHELLER, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 88 IS 2 BP 58 EP 58 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA MM938 UT WOS:A1993MM93800006 ER PT J AU HAAS, MJ CICHOWICZ, DJ PHILLIPS, J MOREAU, R AF HAAS, MJ CICHOWICZ, DJ PHILLIPS, J MOREAU, R TI THE HYDROLYSIS OF PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE BY AN IMMOBILIZED LIPASE - OPTIMIZATION OF HYDROLYSIS IN ORGANIC-SOLVENTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE 2-BUTANONE; DODECANE; HEXANE; HYDROLYSIS; ISOOCTANE; LIPASE; LIPOZYME; 2-OCTANONE; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; PHOSPHOLIPID ID RHIZOPUS-DELEMAR LIPASE; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; INTERESTERIFICATION; PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES; PURIFICATION; PLASMALOGENS AB The ability of a commercial immobilized lipase preparation (Lipozyme) to hydrolyze the fatty acyl ester bonds of soybean phosphatidylcholine in organic media was investigated. Response surface methodology, based on a Modified Central Composite design, was employed to examine the effects on hydrolysis of solvent polarity, water, pH, duration and temperature of incubation, and the amounts of substrate and catalyst. A second-order regression model was developed, which allows evaluation of the effects of these parameters, alone or in combination. Hydrolysis increased in a relatively straightforward manner in response to increases in incubation time and the amount of catalyst and was approximately constant over the range of substrate amounts studied. Solvent polarity had a profound effect on the degree of hydrolysis, and the qualitative and quantitative degrees of this effect were dependent upon the values of the other parameters studied. Conditions were identified where enzyme activity was strong in either nonpolar or polar solvents, with activity increasing as the polarity of the medium increased. Enzyme activity was minimum at about 37-degrees-C, increasing below and above this temperature. Activity was not affected by the presence of acid or base in the reactions. Increasing amounts of water stimulated enzyme activity in solvents more polar than hexane, while in less polar solvents water inhibited activity. C1 LA SALLE UNIV,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19141. RP HAAS, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 26 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 70 IS 2 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.1007/BF02542611 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KL817 UT WOS:A1993KL81700001 ER PT J AU NEFF, WE SELKE, E AF NEFF, WE SELKE, E TI VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM THE TRIACYLGLYCEROL OF CIS,CIS 9,15-LINOLEIC ACID SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE 2,6-NONADIENAL; 5-OCTENAL; 6-NONENAL; CIS,CIS 9,15-LINOLEIC ACID; HYDROGENATION ODOR; ISOLINOLEIC ACID; PARTIALLY HYDROGENATED SOYBEAN OIL; TRI CIS,CIS 9,15-LINOLEOYLGLYCEROL ID SOYBEAN OIL; COMPONENTS; AIR; STABILITY; FLAVOR AB cis,cis 9,15-Linoleic acid, one of the isomers produced by partial hydrogenation of linolenic acid, may be a precursor of the hydrogenation odor observed during heating of partially hydrogenated soybean oil in air. Odors of hydrogenation, for example the melon odor, are associated with foods cooked in partially hydrogenated soybean oil that has undergone oxidative deterioration during heating. To better understand this oxidation mechanism, the volatiles from decomposition of the oxidation products of a synthesized model compound, tri cis,cis 9,15-linoleoylglycerol, heated in air at 192-degrees-C were collected, separated, quantitated by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and identified by mass spectrometry. Major volatiles observed indicated that each of the isolated double bonds at carbons 9,10 and 15,16 isomerized to form an allylic radical. The allylic radical derived from the isolated double bond at carbons 9,10 reacted with oxygen to form the 8,9,10 and 11 monohydroperoxides. The allylic radical derived from the isolated double bond at carbons 15,16 produced the 14,15,16 and 17 monohydroperoxides. The 8,9,10 and 11 monohydroperoxides are the expected precursors of the following volatiles identified by mass spectrometry: 2,8-undecadienal (5.9%), 2,7-decadienal (7.8%), 6-nonenal (8.4%) and 5-octenal (1.5% of total volatiles), respectively. These four aldehydes are analogous to major volatiles obtained from thermal decomposition of autoxidized trioleoylglycerol. The 14,15,16 and 17 monohydroperoxides are the expected precursors of 2-pentenal (9.0%), 2-butenal (8.0%), propanal (12.1%) and ethanal (2.0% of total volatiles), respectively. Among the above volatiles, 6-nonenal (cucumber-melon) is reported to have the most intense odor associated with deteriorated partially hydrogenated soybean oil. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 70 IS 2 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1007/BF02542619 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KL817 UT WOS:A1993KL81700009 ER PT J AU NEFF, WE MOUNTS, TL RINSCH, WM KONISHI, H AF NEFF, WE MOUNTS, TL RINSCH, WM KONISHI, H TI PHOTOOXIDATION OF SOYBEAN OILS AS AFFECTED BY TRIACYLGLYCEROL COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE FLUORESCENT LIGHT; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; PEROXIDE VALUE; PHOTOOXIDATIVE STABILITY; SOYBEAN OIL PHOTOOXIDATION; STEREOSPECIFIC ANALYSIS; TOTAL VOLATILES; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS ID CHLOROPHYLL-SENSITIZED PHOTOOXIDATION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; LIPID OXIDATION; VEGETABLE-OILS; BETA-CAROTENE; FATTY-ACIDS; KINETICS; DETECTOR AB The photooxidation of soybean oil was determined and correlated with triacylglycerol composition and structure. Purified triacylglycerols were photooxidized at room temperature under fluorescent light. Rates of peroxide formation and total headspace volatiles were related positively (P < 0.5 significance) to oxidizability (r = 0.75, r = 0.76); content of linolenic acid (r = 0.80, r = 0.85) and linoleic acid (r = 0.61, r = 0.57); linoleic acid on carbon 2 (r = 0.64, r = 0.64); and average number of double bonds (r = 0.76, r = 0.76). Negative correlations were observed with respect to oleic acid (r = -0.70, r = -0.70). Soybean oil stability was decreased by linolenic acid-containing triacylglycerols and increased by oleic acid-containing triacylglycerols. Trilinoleoylglycerol and dilinoleoyl-oleoylglycerol were the most important oxidation product precursors. However, for high-linolenic acid soybean oil, dilinoleoyl-linolenoylglycerol and trilinoleoylglycerol were the most important oxidation product precursors. The most abundant volatile produced from thermal decomposition at 140-degrees-C of photooxidized triacylglycerols was 2-heptenal, except for high-linolenic acid oils, where the most abundant volatile was propanal. The photooxidative stability of soybean oil triacylglycerols with respect to composition and structure is of interest for the development of soybean varieties with oils of improved odor and flavor stability. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 19 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 70 IS 2 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1007/BF02542620 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KL817 UT WOS:A1993KL81700010 ER PT J AU TINSLEY, PW MAERKER, G AF TINSLEY, PW MAERKER, G TI EFFECT OF LOW-DOSE GAMMA-RADIATION ON INDIVIDUAL PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN AQUEOUS SUSPENSION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIQUID SECONDARY-ION MASS SPECTROMETRY; LYSOPHOSPHOLIPID; PHOSPHATIDIC ACID; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE; PHOSPHATIDYLGLYCEROL; PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE; GAMMA-RADIATION ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; IRRADIATION; SEPARATION; PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; RADIOLYSIS; DETECTOR; NMR AB A series of individual phospholipids (phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylserines and phosphatidylglycerols) containing either saturated or unsaturated fatty acid chains was irradiated at 9.66 kGy and 0-4-degrees-C in aqueous suspension. The phospholipids were analyzed by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a silica column with an evaporative light scattering detector. Phospholipid disappearance and production of two radiolytic products, phosphatidic acid and the lysophospholipid, after irradiation were quantitated from calibration curves of synthetic standards. Dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid and monopalmitoylphosphatidylcholine from irradiated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine were identified by liquid secondary-ion mass spectrometry. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 70 IS 2 BP 187 EP 191 DI 10.1007/BF02542624 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KL817 UT WOS:A1993KL81700014 ER PT J AU ABRAHAM, G HRON, RJ KUK, MS WAN, PJ AF ABRAHAM, G HRON, RJ KUK, MS WAN, PJ TI WATER ACCUMULATION IN THE ALCOHOL EXTRACTION OF COTTONSEED SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE ALCOHOL; COTTONSEED; EXTRACTION; OILSEEDS; WATER AB The critical moisture content of cottonseed flakes extracted with an aqueous alcohol solvent can be defined as that flake moisture level at which the flakes lose no moisture during extraction. This study shows that the critical moisture content for aqueous ethanol (92%, w/w) is 3%. For aqueous isopropanol (88%, w/w) this value is 6%. If the moisture contents of the flakes are above these levels, then the solvents pick up moisture. For moisture contents below this level, the flakes adsorb moisture and actually dry the alcohol. It is proposed that this latter capability can be used as a basis for a method to control water accumulation in aqueous alcohol solvent extractions. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 70 IS 2 BP 207 EP 208 DI 10.1007/BF02542628 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KL817 UT WOS:A1993KL81700018 ER PT J AU KUK, MS HRON, RJ ABRAHAM, G AF KUK, MS HRON, RJ ABRAHAM, G TI ADSORPTIVE GOSSYPOL REMOVAL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE ADSORPTION; ALUMINA; COTTONSEED; EQUILIBRIUM; ETHANOL; EXTRACTION; GOSSYPOL; MEAL; MISCELLA; SILICA AB Gossypol is extractable from cottonseed by using aqueous ethanol. The equilibrium between undissolved gossypol in cottonseed and that dissolved in the solvent determines the residual gossypol. To move the equilibrium toward extraction from the seeds, the dissolved gossypol needs to be removed from the gossypol-solvent-oil mixture. Gossypol removal from the mixture by adsorption on alumina, silica and molecular sieve 5angstrom was tested. Experimental results indicated that gossypol was more selectively adsorbed than triglycerides by these adsorbents. Alumina and silica had higher gossypol adsorption capacities than molecular sieve 5angstrom. RP KUK, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 70 IS 2 BP 209 EP 210 DI 10.1007/BF02542629 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA KL817 UT WOS:A1993KL81700019 ER PT J AU ACKERMANN, MR KEHRLI, ME MORFITT, DC AF ACKERMANN, MR KEHRLI, ME MORFITT, DC TI VENTRAL DERMATITIS AND VASCULITIS IN A CALF WITH BOVINE LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE BOVINE SPECIES; LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY; SKIN; VASCULITIS ID GRANULOCYTOPATHY SYNDROME AB Dermatitis and vasculitis of the skin covering the sternum of a calf with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency was observed. The calf had been conceived through artificial insemination, delivered by cesarean section, and placed in a gnotobiotic isolator. Dermatitis was noticed at 54 days of age and was not responsive to antibiotic or ivermectin treatment. Proteus sp, Enterobacter sp, and Candida tropicalis were isolated from skin specimens. The lesion was characterized by lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic inflammation with vasculitis and thrombosis. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. ABBOTT LABS,DEPT PATHOL,DIV DRUG SAFETY EVALUAT,N CHICAGO,IL 60064. RP ACKERMANN, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AVIAN DIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 1 PY 1993 VL 202 IS 3 BP 413 EP 415 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KJ737 UT WOS:A1993KJ73700015 PM 8440633 ER PT J AU GILBERT, RO REBHUN, WC KIM, CA KEHRLI, ME SHUSTER, DE ACKERMANN, MR AF GILBERT, RO REBHUN, WC KIM, CA KEHRLI, ME SHUSTER, DE ACKERMANN, MR TI CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY IN CATTLE - 14 CASES (1977-1991) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE BOVINE SPECIES; LEUKOCYTE; BOVINE LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY; HEREDITY ID BOVINE GRANULOCYTOPATHY SYNDROME; MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY; HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CALVES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; MOLECULE ICAM-1; MAC-1; LFA-1; ADHERENCE AB In Holstein cattle, an inherited disease has been recognized recently in which leukocytes lack surface glycoproteins termed beta2 integrins, which are important in cell adhesion processes. This disease is the homologue of leukocyte adhesion deficiency in human beings and has been termed bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency. The molecular basis of this disease is failure to produce normal CD18. The gene encoding bovine CD18 and its abnormal mutation have been sequenced, allowing specific diagnosis of the condition by DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction followed by specific endonuclease digestion. This test was applied to formalin-fixed archival tissues from 18 cattle that had been admitted to the veterinary medical teaching hospital between 1975 and 1991 and that had had persistent and severe neutrophilia. Blood samples were collected from 2 additional cattle, and leukocytes from these samples also were tested. Fourteen cattle were confirmed to have been homozygous for the bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency gene. Cattle with this condition had ranged in age from 2 weeks to 8 months at admission. They typically had had chronic bacterial infections that had failed to respond to or had recurred after conventional treatment. Consistent findings in these cattle included signs of bronchopneumonia, gingivitis, periodontitis, and peripheral lymphadenopathy. Severe neutrophilia, usually without a left shift, was a hallmark of the disease, consistent clinical biochemical findings included hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, and hypoglycemia. This disease is important because it mimics common calfhood diseases such as pneumonia and diarrhea, but is ultimately consistently fatal before adulthood. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RP GILBERT, RO (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT CLIN SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. OI Gilbert, Robert/0000-0002-1528-243X FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI07227] NR 20 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 1 PY 1993 VL 202 IS 3 BP 445 EP 449 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KJ737 UT WOS:A1993KJ73700024 PM 8095042 ER PT J AU APOSTOL, D AF APOSTOL, D TI FOREST DESIGN SUGGESTS A NATURAL WAY TO END CLEAR-CUTTING SO LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Editorial Material RP APOSTOL, D (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,GRESHAM,OR, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS PI WASHINGTON PA 4401 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20008 SN 0023-8031 J9 LANDSCAPE ARCHIT JI Landsc. Archit. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 83 IS 2 BP 112 EP 112 PG 1 WC Architecture SC Architecture GA KK664 UT WOS:A1993KK66400011 ER PT J AU MILLER, AJ MURPHY, CA CALL, JE KONIECZNY, P UCHMAN, W AF MILLER, AJ MURPHY, CA CALL, JE KONIECZNY, P UCHMAN, W TI ENHANCED BOTULINAL TOXIN DEVELOPMENT IN BEEF SAUSAGES CONTAINING DECOLOURIZE RED-BLOOD-CELL FRACTIONS SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; NITRITE; LACTOFERRIN; EFFICACY; GROWTH; FORM; IRON; MEAT AB Toxin production by Clostridium botulinum was studied in a model cured beef sausage containing decolourized dried bovine red blood cells (RBC), including intact RBC, acetone-treated RBC, enzyme-treated RBC, peroxide-treated RCB or plasma. Samples were formulated with beef shoulder, curing agents and spores of proteolytic strains of Clostridium botulinum. Vacuum packaged samples were heated to 72-degrees-C, stored at 28-degrees-C, and tested weekly. Sausages contained iron levels proportional to the iron in the blood fraction. Residual nitrite levels varied between < 10-40 mug g-1. Toxin was detected earlier in samples containing higher levels of iron except for acetone-treated RBC. Higher pH values were associated with shorter times to toxin detection. We conclude that the RBC decolourization method can significantly modulate Cl. botulinum growth and toxigenesis. C1 AGR UNIV WARSAW,INST ANIM PROD TECHNOL,PL-02528 WARSAW,POLAND. RP MILLER, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 16 IS 2 BP 80 EP 83 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1993.tb00349.x PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KK658 UT WOS:A1993KK65800010 ER PT J AU JOERGER, RD HAAS, MJ AF JOERGER, RD HAAS, MJ TI OVEREXPRESSION OF A RHIZOPUS-DELEMAR LIPASE GENE IN ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID MIEHEI TRIGLYCERIDE LIPASE; HIGH-LEVEL SYNTHESIS; PLASMID VECTORS; EXPRESSION; CONSTRUCTION; MUTAGENESIS; PROTEINS AB A cloned complementary deoxyribonucleic acid encoding the precursor polypeptide of an extracellular lipase from the fungus Rhizopus delemar was altered by site-directed mutagenesis to generate deoxyribonucleic acid fragments that specifically code for the polypeptides of the proenzyme and the mature form of the lipase. Attempts to produce these polypeptides in enzymatically active form in Escherichia coli revealed toxic effects toward the host. Therefore the polypeptides were expressed as inactive and insoluble forms in the cytoplasm of E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells using plasmid vector pET11-d. With this tightly regulated high-level expression system, lipase and prolipase polypeptides were produced to estimated levels of up to 21% and 15%, respectively, of total cellular protein. The insoluble polypeptides were solubilized in 8 M urea. Refolding into active forms was achieved by treatment with the redox system cystine/cysteine and dilution. Refolded mature lipase was purified to homogeneity by affinity and ion exchange chromatography. The enzyme had a specific activity comparable to that of lipase from the fungal culture. The quantities of pure enzyme obtained from a 1-L culture of E. coli exceeded those obtained from the fungal culture by a factor of at least 100. Refolded recombinant prolipase was purified essentially to homogeneity and had a specific activity similar to that of the mature enzyme. Its pH optimum was 7.5, rather than the pH 8 determined for recombinant mature lipase and for the enzyme purified from the fungal culture. Recombinant prolipase retained activity after 15 min incubation at 65-degrees-C, while mature lipase retained activity only up to 45-degrees-C. RP JOERGER, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 36 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD FEB PY 1993 VL 28 IS 2 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1007/BF02535769 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA KM347 UT WOS:A1993KM34700001 PM 8441342 ER PT J AU HANDLER, AM GOMEZ, SP OBROCHTA, DA AF HANDLER, AM GOMEZ, SP OBROCHTA, DA TI NEGATIVE REGULATION OF P-ELEMENT EXCISION BY THE SOMATIC PRODUCT AND TERMINAL SEQUENCES OF P IN DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER SO MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE P-ELEMENT; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; TRANSPOSON REGULATION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER ID M HYBRID DYSGENESIS; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; CYTOTYPE DETERMINATION; MOLECULAR-BASIS; STERILITY; REPRESSOR; VECTORS; TRANSPOSITION; PROMOTER AB A transient in vivo P element excision assay was used to test the regulatory properties of putative repressor-encoding plasmids in Drosophila melanogaster embryos. The somatic expression of an unmodified transposase transcription unit under the control of a heat shock gene promoter (phspi) effectively repressed P excision in a dose-dependent manner at very low concentrations relative to somatically active transposase (encoded by the hspiDELTA2-3 gene). Maximum repression required transcription of the complete transposase gene. Dose-dependent repression of P excision was also observed in the presence of a vector plasmid (pCarnegie4) having only the terminal sequences, including transposase binding sites, of the P element. However, repression required considerably higher concentrations of pCarnegie 4 than phspi, and elimination of P excision was not observed. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP HANDLER, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,1700 SW 23RD DR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608, USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0026-8925 J9 MOL GEN GENET JI Mol. Gen. Genet. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 237 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 151 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA KN842 UT WOS:A1993KN84200019 PM 8384289 ER PT J AU GULYA, TJ MASIREVIC, S THOMAS, CE AF GULYA, TJ MASIREVIC, S THOMAS, CE TI PRESERVATION OF AIR-DRIED DOWNY MILDEW SPORANGIA IN LIQUID-NITROGEN WITHOUT CRYOPROTECTANTS OR CONTROLLED FREEZING SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PLASMOPARA-HALSTEDII; STORAGE; TEMPERATURE; FUNGI AB Zoosporangia of Plasmopara halstedii, causal agent of sunflower downy mildew, were infective after storage in liquid nitrogen for up to 4.75 yr, using a dry spore, fast-freeze (DSFF) technique. The DSFF technique consists of vacuuming air-dried zoosporangia with a cyclone collector, placing them in a polypropylene screw-cap tube without any cryoprotectant, and immediately placing them in a liquid nitrogen storage tank. Addition of a cryoprotectant or the use of a controlled freezing rate did not enhance infectivity of zoosporangia stored in liquid nitrogen over that of the basic DSFF method. The ability of air-dried zoosporangia to withstand liquid nitrogen storage without cryoprotectants appears to be due to their lower water content compared to that of spores collected by washing and filtering. Spores stored in liquid nitrogen by the DSFF technique were infective after five freeze/thaw cycles. The technique was also successful with Peronospora parasitica and Pseudoperonospora cubensis sporangia, but not with Peronosclerospora sorghi. C1 INST FIELD & VEGETABLE CROPS,NOVI SAD,YUGOSLAVIA. USDA,VEGETABLE LAB,CHARLESTON,SC 29414. RP GULYA, TJ (reprint author), USDA,NO CROP SCI LAB,BOX 5677,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 97 BP 240 EP 244 PN 2 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA KT474 UT WOS:A1993KT47400015 ER PT J AU KRETSCH, MJ FONG, AKH AF KRETSCH, MJ FONG, AKH TI VALIDITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY OF A NEW COMPUTERIZED DIETARY ASSESSMENT METHOD - EFFECTS OF GENDER AND EDUCATIONAL-LEVEL SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NUTRITION ASSESSMENT; DIET RECORDS; METHODOLOGY RESEARCH; MEN; WOMEN; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; COMPUTERS ID RECORDS; CANCER; VALIDATION; ISSUES AB Validity and reproducibility of the Nutrition Evaluation Scale System (NESSy), a computerized quantitative dietary method, was examined when used by young men and women with varying levels of education. Twelve male and 9 female volunteers,aged 23-36 years, recorded their food intake for 14 days with NESSy under controlled conditions. Systematic bias was examined by an independent validity check using the gold standard of dietary methodology (i.e. surreptitious weighing of dietary intake by trained dietary staff), and reproducibility was assessed by measuring NESSy's ability to provide the same intake estimate for an individual across two similar time periods. Neither educational level nor gender was found to be a biasing factor, nor was the mean of the differences significantly different between the two methods for energy and most nutrients. Intraclass correlations (r(l)) between NESSy and the reference method for the mean of 14 d for each subject, ranged between 0.912 to 0.999 for energy and all nutrients except vitamin C. Reproducibility calculated on a mean of 7d basis showed little difference between NESSy and the reference method; both being highly reproducible with a r(l) of >0.9 for energy and nearly all nutrients. The results suggest that NESSy is an accurate dietary assessment tool which has sufficiently simplified the food weighing and recording process to enable use by women and men with varying educational levels. RP KRETSCH, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, POB 29997, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94129 USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 13 IS 2 BP 133 EP 146 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80435-X PG 14 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KK806 UT WOS:A1993KK80600003 ER PT J AU AUSMAN, LM AF AUSMAN, LM TI FIBER AND COLON CANCER - DOES THE CURRENT EVIDENCE JUSTIFY A PREVENTIVE POLICY SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID DIETARY FIBER; FOOD RP AUSMAN, LM (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 51 IS 2 BP 57 EP 63 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KT256 UT WOS:A1993KT25600008 PM 8384348 ER PT J AU LIN, H BLOOMQUIST, JR BEEMAN, RW CLARK, JM AF LIN, H BLOOMQUIST, JR BEEMAN, RW CLARK, JM TI MECHANISMS UNDERLYING CYCLODIENE RESISTANCE IN THE RED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM (HERBST) SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALATHION RESISTANCE; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; TENEBRIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; INHERITANCE; MICROSOMES; COCKROACH; STRAINS; LIVER C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, DEPT ENTOMOL, AMHERST, MA 01003 USA. VIRGINIA POLYTECHN INST & STATE UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, BLACKSBURG, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, US GRAIN MKT RES LAB, MANHATTAN, KS 66502 USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 EI 1095-9939 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 45 IS 2 BP 154 EP 165 DI 10.1006/pest.1993.1018 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA KM639 UT WOS:A1993KM63900009 ER PT J AU WARNER, DA EDWARDS, GE AF WARNER, DA EDWARDS, GE TI EFFECTS OF POLYPLOIDY ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE C3-PLANTS; C4-PLANTS; DNA; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; POLYPLOIDY ID RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; LOLIUM-PERENNE L; TALL FESCUE; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; CHLOROPLAST NUMBER; ISOGENIC POPULATIONS; LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRITICUM GENOTYPES; MESOPHYLL-CELLS; LEAVES AB In polyploid plants the photosynthetic rate per cell is correlated with the amount of DNA per cell. The photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area is the product of the rate per cell times the number of photosynthetic cells per unit area. Therefore, the photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area will increase if there is a less than proportional increase in cell volume at higher ploidal levels, or if cell packing is altered to allow more cells per unit leaf area. In autopolyploids (Medicago sativa, C3 species, and Pennisetum americanum, C4 species) there is a doubling of photosynthesis per cell and of cell volume in the tetraploid compared to the diploid. However, there is a proportional decrease in number of cells per unit leaf area with this increase in ploidy such that the rate of photosynthesis per leaf area does not change. There is more diversity in the relationship between ploidal level (gene dosage) and photosynthetic rates per unit leaf area in allopolyploids. This is likely to reflect the effects of natural selection on leaf anatomy, and novel genetic interactions from contributed genomes which can occur with allopolyploidy. In allopolyploid wheat (C3 species) a higher cell volume per unit DNA at the higher ploidal level is negatively correlated with photosynthesis rate per unit leaf area. Although photosynthesis per cell increases with ploidy, photosynthesis per leaf area decreases, being lowest in the allohexaploid, cultivated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). Alternatively, doubling of photosynthetic rate per cell with doubling of DNA, with apparent natural selection for decreased cell volume per unit DNA, results in higher rates of photosynthesis per leaf area in octaploid compared to tetraploid Panicum virgatum (C4) which may be a case of allopolyploidy. Similar responses probably occur in Festuca arundinacea. Therefore, in some systems anatomical factors affecting photosynthesis are also affected by ploidal level. It is important to evaluate that component as well as determining the effect on biochemical processes. Current information on polyploidy and photosynthesis in several species is discussed with respect to anatomy, biochemistry and bases for expressing photosynthetic rates. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, DEPT BOT, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, PLANT STRESS RES UNIT, ROUTE 3, BOX 215, LUBBOCK, TX 79401 USA. NR 72 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 35 IS 2 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1007/BF00014744 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KL453 UT WOS:A1993KL45300003 PM 24318680 ER PT J AU PREDIERI, S KRIZEK, DT WANG, CY MIRECKI, RM ZIMMERMAN, RH AF PREDIERI, S KRIZEK, DT WANG, CY MIRECKI, RM ZIMMERMAN, RH TI INFLUENCE OF UV-B RADIATION ON DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES, ETHYLENE, CO2 FLUX AND POLYAMINES IN CV - DOYENNE DHIVER PEAR SHOOTS GROWN-INVITRO SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE CARBON DIOXIDE; ETHYLENE; INVITRO CULTURE; PEAR; POLYAMINE; PYRUS-COMMUNIS; UV-B RADIATION ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; ZUCCHINI SQUASH; PLANTS; STRESS; ACCUMULATION; TEMPERATURE; INHIBITION; PUTRESCINE; INJURY; LEAVES AB In vitro shoots of cv. Doyenne d'Hiver pear (Pyrus communis L.) were irradiated under controlled environments for 6 h per day at 5 different levels of biologically effective UV-B radiation (UV-B(BE)). UV-B exposure caused a progressive increase in apical necrosis above background levels and stimulated leaf abscission. Shoots grown for 2 weeks at 7.8 mol m-2 day-1 of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) and treated with 8.4 or 12.0 kJ m-2 day-1 UV-B(BE) produced up to 4 times more ethylene than those given 2.2 or 5.1 kJ m-2 day-1 UV-B(BE) or untreated controls. Exposure of shoots to 12 kJ m-2 day-1 of UV-B(BE) caused an increase in free putrescine content after 4 to 14 days of irradiation. Shoots showed a decrease in CO2 uptake after 3 days of UV-B; thereafter, they appeared to recover their photosynthetic capacity. Under typical PPF conditions used in micropropagation (90 mumol m-2 s-1), 8.4 kJ m-2 day-1 of UV-B radiation was injurious to relatively tender tissues of in vitro pear shoots; increasing the level of UV-B(BE) to 12 kJ m-2 day-1 produced even more adverse effects. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CNR,CTR STUDI TECN FRUTTICOLA,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Predieri, Stefano/C-4392-2015 OI Predieri, Stefano/0000-0003-4270-4914 NR 41 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 87 IS 2 BP 109 EP 117 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KU921 UT WOS:A1993KU92100001 ER PT J AU DESJARDINS, AE CHRISTHARNED, EA MCCORMICK, SP SECOR, GA AF DESJARDINS, AE CHRISTHARNED, EA MCCORMICK, SP SECOR, GA TI POPULATION-STRUCTURE AND GENETIC-ANALYSIS OF FIELD-RESISTANCE TO THIABENDAZOLE IN GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS FROM POTATO-TUBERS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRICHOTHECENE TOXIN PRODUCTION; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; FUSARIUM-SAMBUCINUM; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; DRY ROT; STRAINS; OXYSPORUM; VIRULENCE; MUTANTS; SOIL AB Forty-two strains of Gibberella pulicaris (anamorph: Fusarium sambucinum, synonym F. sulphureum) were obtained from dry-rotted potato tubers collected in North America between 1963 and 1991. Twenty-four of 25 strains collected in 1990 and 1991 were resistant to the fungicide thiabendazole (TBZ), which is widely used to control potato dry rot. The 17 strains collected between 1963 and 1986 were all very sensitive to TBZ. In laboratory tests, most TBZ-resistant and TBZ-sensitive strains were virulent on potato tubers and produced trichothecene mycotoxins in liquid culture and in potato tubers. All 42 strains were characterized for sexual compatibility by crosses with tester strains and for vegetative compatibility by complementation of nitrate-nonutilizing mutants. Twenty-one (50%) of the strains belonged to one widespread vegetative compatibility group (VCG 01). Twelve strains (26%) belonged to two additional overlapping groups (VCG 03 and 04). Forty strains were mating type 1. Two strains were mating type 2 and belonged to a unique group (VCG 02). All TBZ-resistant strains were vegetatively compatible with TBZ-sensitive strains collected in previous years. Genetic analysis indicated that TBZ resistance was stable and inherited as a single gene or as closely linked genes, and that resistance mutations of independently isolated field strains were allelic. These results suggest that TBZ-resistant strains are competitive and have the potential to spread and persist in the G. pulicaris population that causes potato tuber dry rot in North America. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FARGO,ND 58105. RP DESJARDINS, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 34 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 1993 VL 83 IS 2 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-164 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KP819 UT WOS:A1993KP81900009 ER PT J AU KEYSER, JD BRADY, TJ AF KEYSER, JD BRADY, TJ TI A WAR SHIRT FROM THE SCHOCH COLLECTION - DOCUMENTING INDIVIDUAL ARTISTIC EXPRESSION SO PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE ROCK ART; PLAINS CLOTHING; SIOUAN ETHNOGRAPHY; INDIVIDUAL IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT ID ROCK ART; PLAINS; TEXAS AB Prior to the development of Ledger Book art, Plains Indians painted Biographic art on buffalo robes and other items of clothing One such piece, obtained in the 1830s by Lorenz Schoch, a Swiss merchant headquartered in St. Louis, is now in the collection of the Bernisches Historisches Museum in Bern, Switzerland. The Schoch war shirt is identified as Sioux and decorated with a series of Early Biographic style pictographs. Based on structural criteria, these paintings are clearly the work of two different artists. Additionally, the pictographs show several stylistic conventions that add significantly to the Biographic art lexicon. As such, the art provides important insight into both the evolution of Biographic art and the function of art in Sioux culture. RP KEYSER, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 50 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC PI LINCOLN PA 410 WEDGEWOOD DRIVE, LINCOLN, NE 68510 SN 0032-0447 J9 PLAINS ANTHROPOL JI Plains Anthropol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 38 IS 142 BP 5 EP 20 PG 16 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA KY411 UT WOS:A1993KY41100001 ER PT J AU LUGO, AE BROWN, S AF LUGO, AE BROWN, S TI MANAGEMENT OF TROPICAL SOILS AS SINKS OR SOURCES OF ATMOSPHERIC CARBON SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE CARBON SINKS; CHANGES IN SOILS; SOIL FERTILITY; SOIL MANAGEMENT; SOIL ORGANIC CARBON; SOIL ORGANIC MATTER; TROPICAL SOIL; SUCCESSION ID ORGANIC-MATTER; RAIN-FOREST; LAND-USE; SECONDARY FORESTS; TREE PLANTATIONS; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; PUERTO-RICO; BIOMASS; ECOSYSTEM; STORAGE AB The prevailing paradigm for anticipating changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) with changes in land use postulates reductions in SOC in managed systems (agriculture and tree plantations) relative to mature tropical forests. Variations of this notion are used in carbon models to predict the role of tropical soils in the global carbon cycle. Invariably these models show tropical soils as sources of atmospheric carbon. We present data from a variety of studies that show that SOC in managed systems can be lower, the same as, or greater than mature tropical forests and that SOC can increase rapidly after the abandonment of agricultural fields. History of land use affects the comparison of SOC in managed and natural ecosystems. Our review of the literature also highlights the need for greater precautions when comparing SOC in mature tropical forests with that of managed ecosystems. Information on previous land use, bulk density, and consistency in sampling depth are some of the most common omissions in published studies. From comparable SOC data from a variety of tropical land uses we estimate that tropical soils can accumulate between 168 and 553 Tg C/yr. The greatest potential for carbon sequestration in tropical soils is in the forest fallows which cover some 250 million hectares. Increased attention to SOC by land managers can result in greater rates of carbon sequestration than predicted by current SOC models. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT FORESTRY,URBANA,IL 61801. RP LUGO, AE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST TROP FORESTRY,SO FOREST EXPT STN,CALL BOX 25000,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. NR 62 TC 147 Z9 165 U1 6 U2 36 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 1993 VL 149 IS 1 BP 27 EP 41 DI 10.1007/BF00010760 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KX992 UT WOS:A1993KX99200002 ER PT J AU DEVINE, TE ONEILL, JJ KUYKENDALL, LD AF DEVINE, TE ONEILL, JJ KUYKENDALL, LD TI NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES OF SOYBEANS AS TOOLS TO IDENTIFY NODULATION SPECIFIC MUTANTS OF BRADYRHIZOBIUM-ELKANII SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE GENETICS; INEFFECTIVE NODULATION; MUTANTS; NITROGEN FIXATION; SYMBIOSIS; RJ4 GENE ID GENOTYPE-SPECIFIC NODULATION; JAPONICUM SEROGROUP-123; RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; GENE; RJ4; DIVERSITY AB The dominant allele Rj4 in soybean interdicts or restricts the nodulation of plants by certain strains of bacteria, most of which are classified as Bradyrhizobium elkanii, while the recessive allele permits normal nodulation with the same strains. The near isogenic lines BARC-2 (Rj4) and BARC-3 (rj4) are calculated to be 99.95% identical in their nuclear DNA, but differ specifically in the allele present at the Rj4 locus. These lines were used to identify spontaneous mutants of the Rj4-restricted Bradyrhizobium elkanii strain USDA 61 Nal(r) that had the ability to effectively nodulate plants of the Rj4 genotype. Of the eight rare nodules found on roots of soybean plants of the Rj4 genotype inoculated with the genetically marked strain USDA 61 Nal(r), four were identified as containing mutants with the ability to overcome the effects of the Rj4 allele. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP DEVINE, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 1993 VL 149 IS 2 BP 205 EP 209 DI 10.1007/BF00016610 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LD640 UT WOS:A1993LD64000007 ER PT J AU REINHOLD, M BJARKO, ME SANDS, DC BOCKELMAN, HE AF REINHOLD, M BJARKO, ME SANDS, DC BOCKELMAN, HE TI CHANGES IN FREQUENCY OF PLANTS RESISTANT TO BARLEY LEAF RUST CAUSED BY PUCCINIA-HORDEI OTTH IN A BARLEY COMPOSITE CROSS POPULATION SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE HORDEUM-VULGARE; COMPOSITE CROSS POPULATION; RESPONSE TO SELECTION; SELECTION PRESSURE; RESISTANCE TO RUST ID POWDERY MILDEW; CONSERVATION; GENES; SCALD AB The response of barley Composite Cross XLI to selection for resistance to leaf rust was evaluated. Representative samples from eight cycles of recurrent selection were inoculated with an isolate of Puccinia hordei Otth. in both the seedling and adult plant stage. Disease symptoms were evaluated 14 days after inoculation. The resistance in CC XLI increased with selection in the seedling stage from 15.1 to 20.5 %, and in the adult plant stage from 20.5 to 37.5 %, respectively. The largest gains in resistance were observed in the earlier cycles of recurrent selection. Significant fluctuations in percent resistant plants occurred between the years. C1 BUSH AGR RESOURCES INC,FT COLLINS,CO 80524. UNIV IDAHO,CTR RES & EXTENS,USDA ARS,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. RP REINHOLD, M (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 110 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00566.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA KR603 UT WOS:A1993KR60300006 ER PT J AU LOOKHART, GL HAGMAN, K KASARDA, DD AF LOOKHART, GL HAGMAN, K KASARDA, DD TI HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNITS OF THE MOST COMMONLY GROWN WHEAT CULTIVARS IN THE UNITED-STATES IN 1984 SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; CULTIVARS; HIGH MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNITS; SDS-PAGE; WHEAT QUALITY ID BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; STORAGE PROTEINS; BAKING QUALITY; DURUM-WHEAT; VARIETIES; GENETICS; ASSOCIATION; STRENGTH; DOUGH AB All wheat varieties (106) grown in the U.S. on more than 100,000 acres (38,610 ha) as of the latest (1984) crop variety survey were characterized by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) band patterns for each variety were assigned the corresponding Payne numbers and theoretical quality scores based on those assignments. The subunit assignments were compared for the different wheat varieties and the five main wheat classes grown in the U.S. Hard red spring (HRS) and winter (HRW) wheats used mainly for breadmaking showed a remarkably high percentage of bands associated with good breadmaking quality. The allele 5 + 10, which has the strongest association with good quality, was present in 91 % of the hard red spring wheats and 62 % of the hard red winter wheats. Also, 91 % of all HRS and 53 % of HRW wheat varieties had quality scores of 9 or 10 (10 is the highest possible score). Evidently, by selecting for quality through close cooperation with quality testing laboratories, U.S. breeders have unknowingly selected for high quality glutenin subunits in their released varieties. HRS and HRW wheat varieties are normally grown in different environments in time and/or space, accounting to a large extent for differences in protein content (approximately 2 %) and other quality traits in the two crops. The uniformly high theoretical quality scores of the HRS wheats compared to more variable scores for HRW wheats may help to explain the popular perception that spring wheats have intrinsically higher quality than winter wheats. Admixing grain from variable (some poorer, most good) HRW wheat varieties (due to genetics or environment) has probably also led to the perception of overall lower quality for HRW than HRS wheats. In the soft red winter (SRW) and soft white (SW) wheat classes where the end-use is typically cookies and cakes, 40 and 90 %, respectively, have the allele 2 + 12 that correlates with poor bread baking quality. The absence of alleles for good bread baking quality may be predictive of good quality for soft wheat products. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT GRAIN SCI,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP LOOKHART, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 110 IS 1 BP 48 EP 62 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00568.x PG 15 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA KR603 UT WOS:A1993KR60300008 ER PT J AU GREGERSON, RG MILLER, SS TWARY, SN GANTT, JS VANCE, CP AF GREGERSON, RG MILLER, SS TWARY, SN GANTT, JS VANCE, CP TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF NADH-DEPENDENT GLUTAMATE SYNTHASE FROM ALFALFA NODULES SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; ROOT-NODULES; SYNTHETASE GENES; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; NITROGEN; DNA AB Alfalfa NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT), together with glutamine synthetase, plays a central role in the assimilation of symbiotically fixed nitrogen into amino acids in root nodules. Antibodies previously raised against purified NADH-GOGAT were employed to screen a cDNA library prepared using RNA isolated from nodules of 20-day-old alfalfa plants. A 7.2-kb cDNA clone was obtained that contained the entire protein coding region of NADH-GOGAT. Analysis of this cDNA and determination of the amino-terminal amino acids of the purified protein revealed that NADH-GOGAT is synthesized as a 2194-amino acid protein that includes a 101-amino acid presequence. The deduced amino acid sequence shares significant identity with maize ferredoxin-dependent GOGAT, and with both large and small subunits of Escherichia coli NADPH-GOGAT. DNA gel blot analysis of alfalfa genomic DNA suggests the presence of a single NADH-GOGAT gene or a small gene family. The expression of NADH-GOGAT mRNA, enzyme protein, and enzyme activity was developmentally regulated in root nodules. A dramatic increase in gene expression occurred coincidentally with the onset of nitrogen fixation in the bacteroid, and was absent in both ineffective plants that were nodulated with effective Rhizobium meliloti and effective plants that had been nodulated with ineffective R. meliloti strains. Maximum NADH-GOGAT expression, therefore, appears to require an effective, nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 55 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD FEB PY 1993 VL 5 IS 2 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1105/tpc.5.2.215 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA KP084 UT WOS:A1993KP08400010 PM 8453303 ER PT J AU WILSON, JP HANNA, WW WILSON, DM BEAVER, RW CASPER, HH AF WILSON, JP HANNA, WW WILSON, DM BEAVER, RW CASPER, HH TI FUNGAL AND MYCOTOXIN CONTAMINATION OF PEARL-MILLET GRAIN IN RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS IN GEORGIA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POSTCOLUMN DERIVATIZATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AFLATOXINS; CORN AB Pearl millet hybrid Tift 90DAE X Tift 8677 was planted at Tifton, Georgia, on five dates in both 1990 and 1991. Grain was harvested about 33 days after anthesis. Seedborne fungi were determined from 300 seeds from each seed lot. The most frequently isolated fungi were Fusarium semitectum (26% of seed), Alternaria spp. (19%), and Curvularia spp. (13%). Total Fusarium isolations, including F. semitectum, averaged 46%. Isolation frequencies of several fungi were related to weather conditions 2-4 wk prior to harvest. Aflatoxins were detected from grain planted in both years, and concentrations averaged 0.3 ng/g. Deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, and 15-acetylscirpentriol were detected only in the 1991 samples, and levels averaged 0.3, 1.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mug/g, respectively, Isolation of F. chlamydosporum was positively correlated (r greater-than-or-equal-to 0.66) with concentrations of trichothecenes and zearalenone. Although pearl millet grown in Georgia does not appear to be prone to infection by Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination, a potential for problems from infection by toxigenic Fusarium species does exist. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET & MICROBIOL SCI,FARGO,ND 58105. RP WILSON, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE & TURF UNIT,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 77 IS 2 BP 121 EP 124 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KL049 UT WOS:A1993KL04900003 ER PT J AU ROELFS, AP LONG, DL ROBERTS, JJ AF ROELFS, AP LONG, DL ROBERTS, JJ TI RACES OF PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS IN THE UNITED-STATES DURING 1990 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; STEM RUST; NOMENCLATURE; SYSTEM AB Wheat stem rust overwintered in trace amounts from Louisiana to southern Alabama. No stem rust was found in fields of hard red spring or durum wheat cultivars. Race Pgt-QCCJ was the most common virulence combination, making up 67% of the 643 isolates from 240 collections. However, when only collections made from wheat were considered, the most common races, TPMK and QFCS, each made up 30% of the isolates. Of the isolates of race Pgt-QCCJ, 78% were recovered from barley. No virulence was found for wheat lines with ''single'' genes Sr13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 37, Gt, and Wld-1. Oat stem rust was present in light amounts throughout most of the United States in 1990, and yield losses were negligible. Disease onset was a week later than the 40-yr average, The principal race in the United States was NA-27, virulent to resistance genes Pg-1, -2, -3, -4, and -8. NA-27, NA-16, NA-5, and NA-10 made up 82, 10, 6, and 1%, respectively, of the isolates from the United States. No virulence to Pg-9, -13, -16, or -a was found in the 1990 oat stem rust population. C1 USDA ARS,GEORGIA AGR EXPT STN,EXPERIMENT,GA 30212. RP ROELFS, AP (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 14 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 77 IS 2 BP 125 EP 128 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KL049 UT WOS:A1993KL04900004 ER PT J AU ROELFS, AP LONG, DL ROBERTS, JJ AF ROELFS, AP LONG, DL ROBERTS, JJ TI RACES OF PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS IN THE UNITED-STATES DURING 1991 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID STEM RUST EPIDEMICS; NOMENCLATURE; SYSTEM AB Wheat stem rust overwintered in southern Texas, southern Louisiana, and southwestern Georgia. Yield losses caused by stem rust in wheat and barley were light, although losses up to 10% occurred in some barley fields in east central North Dakota. Race Pgt-QCCJ was the most common race, making up 68% of the 1,279 isolates from 487 collections. However, when only collections made from wheat were considered, the most common races were QCCJ, TPMK, and QFCS, comprising 38, 36, and 25% of the isolates, respectively. Of the isolates of race Pgt-QCCJ, 67% were from cultivated barley. No virulence was found for wheat lines with ''single'' genes Sr13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 37, Gt, and Wld-1. Oat stem rust was present in light amounts, occurring only in the Gulf Coast area, northern Great Plains, and California (an isolated population). Yield losses were negligible. The principal race was NA-27, virulent to resistance genes Pg-1, -2, -3, 4, and -8. NA-27, NA-16, and NA-5 made up 94, 4, and 2%, respectively, of the isolates from the United States. No virulence to Pg-9, -13, -16, or -a was found in the 1991 oat stem rust population. C1 USDA ARS,GEORGIA AGR EXPT STN,EXPERIMENT,GA 30212. RP ROELFS, AP (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 77 IS 2 BP 129 EP 132 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KL049 UT WOS:A1993KL04900005 ER PT J AU BAKER, FA VERBYLA, DL HODGES, CS ROSS, EW AF BAKER, FA VERBYLA, DL HODGES, CS ROSS, EW TI CLASSIFICATION AND REGRESSION TREE ANALYSIS FOR ASSESSING HAZARD OF PINE MORTALITY CAUSED BY HETEROBASIDION-ANNOSUM SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB A classification tree based on soil variables was developed to predict the extent of mortality of slash (Pinus elliottii) and loblolly (P. taeda) pines caused by Heterobasidion annosum. Data were obtained from unthinned plantations inoculated with H. annosum. The numbers of dead trees plus living trees with lethal infections (bearing basidiocarps of H. annosum) on each of 152 plots on 16 sites were counted after 5 yr. Hazard of lethal root disease was arbitrarily scored as high if seven or more trees on a plot were affected and low if six or fewer trees were affected. Classification and regression tree analysis (CART) revealed that percent silt in the A horizon and pH of the A horizon were important predictor variables for hazard category. The apparent accuracy of model classification was 85%, and a 10-fold cross-validation estimate of model classification accuracy was 80%. CART provides a useful method for improving the accuracy of disease hazard rating. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27607. US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV IDAHO,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP BAKER, FA (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 14 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 77 IS 2 BP 136 EP 139 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KL049 UT WOS:A1993KL04900007 ER PT J AU SMITH, KP HAVEY, MJ HANDELSMAN, J AF SMITH, KP HAVEY, MJ HANDELSMAN, J TI SUPPRESSION OF COTTONY LEAK OF CUCUMBER WITH BACILLUS-CEREUS STRAIN UW85 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Bacillus cereus strain UW85 was previously shown to suppress seedling diseases caused by oomycetous fungi. In this study, we tested UW85 for suppression of cucumber fruit rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum. To evaluate UW85, we developed an assay for rotting of cucumber fruits by P. aphanidermatum. Wounded fruits were each inoculated with a suspension containing 500 zoospores of the pathogen and incubated at 32 C for 48 hr. Undiluted culture of UW85, containing approximately 4.4 X 10(8) cells per milliliter, applied to fruit by one of three methods prior to inoculation with the pathogen, significantly reduced rotting (P < 0.05) compared with fruit treated with uninoculated medium or water prior to inoculation with P. aphanidermatum. Culture filtrates and suspensions of UW85 containing less than 1.1 X 10(8) cells per milliliter did not suppress fruit rotting. UW85 cells that were washed and resuspended in sterile medium did suppress rotting. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. RP SMITH, KP (reprint author), USDA ARS,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 16 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 77 IS 2 BP 139 EP 142 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KL049 UT WOS:A1993KL04900008 ER PT J AU RAHMAN, F PEADEN, RN AF RAHMAN, F PEADEN, RN TI INCIDENCE OF VIRUSES ON ALFALFA IN WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA VIRUSES ID MOSAIC-VIRUS; FORAGE LEGUMES; UNITED-STATES; PEA STREAK; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; GROWTH; YIELD AB Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect viruses in alfalfa leaf tissue samples taken from 216 fields at 44 widely separated locations in California, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington and southern British Columbia. Samples were collected between April 1987 and May 1988. Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) was found at all locations and in all but one field. Pea streak virus and pea (bean) leafroll virus were detected at 38 locations. Tobacco streak virus was found only in Idaho and Washington at seven locations, and red clover vein mosaic virus at 11 locations in the four states, but not in British Columbia. Pea seedborne mosaic virus and other members of the potyvirus group were not detected at any location. Percent of samples with AMV, pea streak virus, pea leafroll virus, tobacco streak virus, and red clover vein mosaic virus were 86, 21, 28, 4, and 3, respectively. The data indicate a higher incidence of AMV than has previously been reported over a wide geographical area. Furthermore, up to four viruses were in individual samples from several fields. Incidence of AMV in fields was not highly correlated with age of stand (r = 0.44), but generally fields 4-6 yr old contained 80% or more infected samples. Assays for pea enation mosaic virus indicated that this virus was in alfalfa samples, but these data were not included, because of variability in the reactions obtained with the infected control samples. Differences in percent infection were associated more with geographic location than with cultivar. C1 USDA ARS,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTEN,PROSSER,WA 99350. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 77 IS 2 BP 160 EP 162 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KL049 UT WOS:A1993KL04900013 ER PT J AU PUSEY, PL AF PUSEY, PL TI ROLE OF BOTRYOSPHAERIA SPECIES IN PEACH-TREE GUMMOSIS ON THE BASIS OF DIFFERENTIAL ISOLATION FROM OUTER AND INNER BARK SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID DOTHIDEA AB Nonwounded stems of 1-yr-old peach trees were inoculated with Botryosphaeria spp. in May, and fungal colonization of outer bark (rhytidome), inner bark (living secondary phloem), and xylem were evaluated after 18 mo. Trees inoculated with an isolate of B. obtusa or B. rhodina from peach or an isolate of B. dothidea from apple were symptomless, whereas trees inoculated with an isolate of B. dothidea from peach were dead (69%) or severely diseased. The same fungal species used in inoculations were isolated from the outer bark of symptomless stems (following surface-sterilization with 70% ethanol) at frequencies of 35-100% but from inner bark or xylem at frequencies of 0-13%. Sequential isolations were made from outer to inner bark of commercially grown peach trees that varied in age (4-18 yr) and symptom expression in central Georgia. The progression from outer to inner bark usually resulted in an increase in the proportion of B. dothidea isolated on potato-dextrose agar relative to B. obtusa. B. dothidea was consistently predominant in diseased inner bark associated with lenticels. Botryosphaeria spp., which inhabit only dead outer bark as saprophytes, may have been disproportionately represented in previous studies on the cause of peach tree gummosis. RP PUSEY, PL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,POB 87,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 77 IS 2 BP 170 EP 174 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KL049 UT WOS:A1993KL04900016 ER PT J AU HOOKER, ME LEE, RF CIVEROLO, EL WANG, SY AF HOOKER, ME LEE, RF CIVEROLO, EL WANG, SY TI RELIABILITY OF GENTISIC ACID, A FLUORESCENT MARKER, FOR DIAGNOSIS OF CITRUS GREENING DISEASE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PEROXIDASE AB The reliability of gentisic acid (GeA), a fluorescent marker, to predict the presence of citrus greening disease was reevaluated by a modified method for hydrolyzing gentisoyl-beta-D glucose to gentisic acid. Bark tissue extracts of random samples of diseased and healthy citrus plants differed significantly in their GeA content. The severity of foliar symptoms was correlated significantly with the amount of GeA in young and old bark tissue. Older tissue had significantly more severe foliar symptoms than younger tissue and yielded more GeA in extracts. However, when dried tissue samples were used, there was a significant difference in GeA content between tender young bark and old bark but no significant difference between mature and old (woody) bark. Although plants infected with several citrus tristeza virus strains contained GeA, greening-affected plants had statistically higher mean levels of GeA. This method is reliable for diagnosing citrus greening disease in citrus when GeA levels are above 300 mug/gm of tissue and when used in combination with other diagnostic criteria under glasshouse conditions. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. RP HOOKER, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 77 IS 2 BP 174 EP 180 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KL049 UT WOS:A1993KL04900017 ER PT J AU NUTTER, FW TENG, PS ROYER, MH AF NUTTER, FW TENG, PS ROYER, MH TI TERMS AND CONCEPTS FOR YIELD, CROP LOSS, AND DISEASE THRESHOLDS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID DEFOLIATION; MANAGEMENT; ECONOMICS; GROWTH C1 USDA, APHIS PPQ OS, HYATTSVILLE, MD 20782 USA. INT RICE RES INST, MANILA, PHILIPPINES. RP NUTTER, FW (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, 351 BESSEY HALL, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 24 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 77 IS 2 BP 211 EP 215 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KL049 UT WOS:A1993KL04900032 ER PT J AU BRITZ, SJ CARROLL, LJ AF BRITZ, SJ CARROLL, LJ TI ABSENCE OF RED-LIGHT ENHANCEMENT OF PHOTOTROPISM IN PEA-SEEDLINGS AT LIMITING IRRADIANCES OF BLUE-LIGHT SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE PHYTOCHROME; INFRARED; VIDEO; PISUM-SATIVUM ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PHYTOCHROME; MUTANTS; INTENSITY; NUTATION; GROWTH AB The kinetics of phototropism were determined from infrared video recordings of third internodes of intact 7 d etiolated pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L. cv Alcan) exposed to continuous, unilateral blue light (460 nm). Small but significant curvatures (ca. 1-2-degrees-) were observed after a 2 h stimulation at 0.8 pmol m-2 s-1. Both latency (i.e., lag time) and rate of curvature were dependent on irradiance between 0.8 and 80 pmol m-2 s-1. Maximum rates of curvature at the highest irradiance of blue light were 74% greater in seedlings that received 2 min red light (270 J m-2 ) 20 h earlier, but latency was unaffected. An irradiance-response curve for curvature at 2 h was obtained with unilateral, broad-spectrum blue light between 4 and 90,000 pmol m-2 s-1. Maximum tropistic response in dark-grown seedlings (ca.25-degrees) occurred between 30 and 1000 pmol m-2 s-1. Peak response for red light-treated seedlings (ca. 55-degrees-) was obtained at 1000 pmol m-2 s-1. Above this irradiance, phototropism declined by 12-15-degrees for both red-treated and dark-grown plants. Red light did not significantly stimulate phototropism at lower, limiting irradiances of blue light. The data do not support the hypothesis that phytochrome affects the amount or activity of a photoreceptor for phototropism. RP BRITZ, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,10300 BALTIMORE BLVD,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.1007/BF00027209 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KP555 UT WOS:A1993KP55500014 ER PT J AU EGLI, MA GENGENBACH, BG GRONWALD, JW SOMERS, DA WYSE, DL AF EGLI, MA GENGENBACH, BG GRONWALD, JW SOMERS, DA WYSE, DL TI CHARACTERIZATION OF MAIZE ACETYL-COENZYME-A CARBOXYLASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COA CARBOXYLASE; ARYLOXYPHENOXYPROPIONATE HERBICIDES; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; RAT-LIVER; PURIFICATION; PROTEINS; SUBUNIT; CYCLOHEXANEDIONE; PHOSPHORYLATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Maize (Zea mays L.) leaf acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) was purified about 500-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration and blue Sepharose affinity and anion-exchange chromatography. Most ACCase activity (85%) recovered from the anion-exchange column was found in a highly purified fraction (specific activity 5.5 mumol acid-stable product min-1 mg-1) that consisted primarily of a single 227-kD biotinylated polypeptide. The fraction represented 29% of the original activity and was designated ACCase I. A second partially purified ACCase activity (ACCase II) eluted earlier during anion-exchange chromatography, contained a single biotinylated polypeptide of 219 kD, was poorly recognized by antiserum raised against the ACCase I polypeptide, and was less inhibited by the herbicides haloxyfop or sethoxydim than was ACCase I. ACCase I and II both utilized propionyl-CoA as substrate about 50% as effectively as acetyl-CoA, and neither utilized methylcrotonyl-CoA. Immunoprecipitation with antiserum and protein blotting of crude extracts of leaf, embryo, and endosperm tissue and suspension cells indicated that most ACCase activity in these tissues was immunologically similar and consisted of ACCase I. Only leaves contained significant amounts of the ACCase II polypeptide; however, no ACCase II polypeptide was found in isolated mesophyll chloroplasts. The ACCase I and II polypeptides appear to be subunits of distinct ACCase isoforms. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,INST PLANT MOLEC GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 46 TC 100 Z9 108 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 101 IS 2 BP 499 EP 506 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KM094 UT WOS:A1993KM09400022 ER PT J AU GALTIER, N FOYER, CH HUBER, J VOELKER, TA HUBER, SC AF GALTIER, N FOYER, CH HUBER, J VOELKER, TA HUBER, SC TI EFFECTS OF ELEVATED SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE ACTIVITY ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS, ASSIMILATE PARTITIONING, AND GROWTH IN TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM VAR UC82B) SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOSOLIC FRUCTOSE 1,6-BISPHOSPHATASE; SPINACH LEAVES; PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION; CARBON; PURIFICATION; 2,6-BISPHOSPHATE; BIOSYNTHESIS; SYNTHETASE; MODULATION; ENZYME AB The expression of a sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) gene f rom maize (Zea mays, a monocotyledon) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, a dicotyledon) resulted in marked increases in extractable SPS activity in the light and the dark. Diurnal modulation of the native tomato SPS activity was found. However, when the maize enzyme was present the tomato leaf cells were unable to regulate its activation state. No detrimental effects were observed and total dry matter production was unchanged. However, carbon allocation within the plants was modified such that in shoots it increased, whereas in roots it decreased. There was, therefore, a change in the shoot:root dry weight ratio favoring the shoot. This was positively correlated with increased SPS activity in leaves. SPS was a major determinant of the amount of starch in leaves as well as sucrose. There was a strong positive correlation between the ratio of sucrose to starch and SPS activity in leaves. Therefore, SPS activity is a major determinant of the partitioning of photosynthetically fixed carbon in the leaf and in the whole plant. The photosynthetic rate in air was not significantly increased as a result of elevated leaf SPS activity. However, the light- and CO,-saturated rate of photosynthesis was increased by about 20% in leaves expressing high SPS. In addition, the temporary enhancement of the photosynthetic rate following brief exposures to low light was increased in the high SPS plants relative to controls. We conclude that the level of SPS in the leaves plays a pivotal role in carbon partitioning. Furthermore, high SPS levels have the potential to boost photosynthetic rates under favorable conditions. C1 INRA,METAB LAB,ROUTE ST CYR,F-78026 VERSAILLES,FRANCE. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27607. CALGENE INC,DAVIS,CA 95616. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27607. RI Foyer, Christine/K-2143-2012 NR 30 TC 115 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 101 IS 2 BP 535 EP 543 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KM094 UT WOS:A1993KM09400026 ER PT J AU JONES, AM HERMAN, EM AF JONES, AM HERMAN, EM TI KDEL-CONTAINING AUXIN-BINDING PROTEIN IS SECRETED TO THE PLASMA-MEMBRANE AND CELL-WALL SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS-L; LUMINAL ER PROTEINS; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; MOLECULAR-CLONING; BREFELDIN-A; IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS; COLEOPTILE MEMBRANES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DISULFIDE-ISOMERASE; PUTATIVE RECEPTOR AB The auxin-binding protein ABP1 has been postulated to mediate auxin-induced cellular changes associated with cell expansion. This protein contains the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal, the tetrapeptide lysine-aspartic acid-glutamic acid-leucine (KDEL), at its carboxy terminus, consistent with previous subcellular fractionation data that indicated an ER location for ABP1. We used electron microscopic immunocytochemistry to identify the subcellular localization of ABP1. Using maize (Zea mays) coleoptile tissue and a black Mexican sweet (BMS) maize cell line, we found that ABP1 is located in the ER as expected, but is also on or closely associated with the plasma membrane and within the cell wall. Labeling of the Golgi apparatus suggests that the transport of ABP1 to the cell wall occurs via the secretory system. Inhibition of secretion of an ABP homolog into the medium of BMS cell cultures by brefeldin A, a drug that specifically blocks secretion, is consistent with this secretion pathway. The secreted protein was recognized by an anti-KDEL peptide antibody, strongly supporting the interpretation that movement of this protein out of the ER does not involve loss of the carboxy-terminal signal. Cells starved for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid for 72 h retained less ABP in the cell and secreted more of it into the medium. The significance of our observations is 2-fold. We have identified a KDEL-containing protein that specifically escapes the ER retention system, and we provide an explanation for the apparent discrepancy that most of the ABP is located in the ER, whereas ABP and auxin act at the plasma membrane. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP JONES, AM (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 56 TC 138 Z9 148 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 101 IS 2 BP 595 EP 606 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KM094 UT WOS:A1993KM09400034 ER PT J AU NORVELL, WA WELCH, RM AF NORVELL, WA WELCH, RM TI GROWTH AND NUTRIENT-UPTAKE BY BARLEY (HORDEUM-VULGARE L CV HERTA) - STUDIES USING AN N-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)ETHYLENEDINITRILOTRIACETIC ACID-BUFFERED NUTRIENT SOLUTION TECHNIQUE .1. ZINC ION REQUIREMENTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS; PLANTS; COPPER; ACCUMULATION; MANGANESE; TOXICITY; METAL; IRON AB The critical range of Zn2+ activity in nutrient solution required for optimum growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Herta) was studied using the synthetic chelating agent N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenedinitrilotriacetic acid to buffer micronutrient metal ions. The activity of Zn2+ was varied over a wide range from approximately 0.1 x 10(-11) to 22 x 10(-11) m Zn2+. The dry weight of barley shoots reached a maximum at Zn2+ activities above approximately 3 x 10(-11) m and was clearly depressed when Zn2+ activities were below about 1 x 10(-11) m. The relationship in shoots between dry weight and Zn concentrations supports the view that there is a critical Zn concentration of about 25 mug g-1 dry weight in whole shoots of barley seedlings. When Zn2+ activities in solution were near or below approximately 3 x 10(-11) m, barley shoots accumulated higher concentrations of P, Mn, Ca, Mg, and Na, whereas Cu concentrations were reduced. P and Mn began to accumulate in the shoots before differences in dry weights were apparent and provided the earliest index of Zn deficiency. In Zn-deficient roots, concentrations of Ca and Mg increased by 25 to 30%, and those of Fe and Mn more than doubled. Zn appears to play a special role in regulating uptake of several mineral nutrients in barley. C1 USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 29 TC 88 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 101 IS 2 BP 619 EP 625 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KM094 UT WOS:A1993KM09400036 ER PT J AU WELCH, RM NORVELL, WA AF WELCH, RM NORVELL, WA TI GROWTH AND NUTRIENT-UPTAKE BY BARLEY (HORDEUM-VULGARE L CV HERTA) - STUDIES USING AN N-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)ETHYLENEDINITRILOTRIACETIC ACID BUFFERED NUTRIENT SOLUTION TECHNIQUE .2. ROLE OF ZINC IN THE UPTAKE AND ROOT LEAKAGE OF MINERAL NUTRIENTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE-PERMEABILITY; DEFICIENT PLANTS; INCREASE; COTTON AB Barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Herta) were grown in N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenedinitrilotriacetic acid-buffered nutrient solutions with or without adequate Zn supplies. Fifteen-d-old Zn-deficient seedlings contained higher concentrations of Mn, Ca, Mg, and P in their shoots and more fe, Mn, Cu, K, Ca, and P in their roots than did similar Zn-adequate seedlings, confirming results reported in our companion study (W.A. Norvell and R.M. Welch [1993] Plant Physiol 101: 619-625). Zn-deficient roots leaked greater quantities of K, Mn, Cu, and Cl than did roots supplied adequately with Zn; they also leaked significant amounts of Zn even though the seedlings were not supplied Zn during growth. Calculated uptake rates of P, Mn, and Na were sharply reduced, but uptake rates of K and Mg were stimulated by increasing the Zn2+ activity in nutrient solutions. Intact roots of Zn-deficient seedlings contained lower concentrations of 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) reactive sulfhydryl groups in comparison to Zn-adequate roots. Apparently, Zn is required for the uptake and retention of several mineral nutrients by roots, possibly by playing a protective role in preventing the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups to disulfides in root-cell plasma membrane proteins involved in ion channel-gating phenomena. RP WELCH, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 30 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 101 IS 2 BP 627 EP 631 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KM094 UT WOS:A1993KM09400037 ER PT J AU SUTTLE, JC HULTSTRAND, JF AF SUTTLE, JC HULTSTRAND, JF TI INVOLVEMENT OF ABSCISIC-ACID IN ETHYLENE-INDUCED COTYLEDON ABSCISSION IN COTTON SEEDLINGS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; ACCUMULATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; PHYSIOLOGY; INHIBITION; FLURIDONE AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv LG102) seedlings raised from seeds exposed to 100 muM norflurazon (NFZ) during imbibition contained reduced levels of free abscisic acid (ARA) and were visibly achlorophyllous. Exposure of untreated cotton seedlings to ethylene concentrations >1 muL/L for 24 h resulted in cotyledon abscission. In contrast, exposure of NFZ-treated seedlings to concentrations of ethylene less-than-or-equal-to 50 muL/L elicited no cotyledon abscission. Application of ABA, an ABA analog, or jasmonic acid to NFZ-treated seedlings restored ethylene-induced abscission. Isolated cotyledonary node explants prepared from NFZ-treated seedlings exhibited an altered dose-response pattern of ethylene-induced petiole abscission. Endogenous levels of free IAA were unaltered in NFZ-treated seedlings. Ethylene treatment (50 muL/L, 24 h) had no effect on free indoleacetic acid (IAA) levels in either control or NFZ-treated seedlings. Levels of conjugated (ester plus amide) IAA were substantially increased in NFZ-treated seedlings regardless of ethylene treatment. These results indicate that endogenous ABA plays an essential, but physiologically undefined, role in ethylene-induced cotyledon abscission in cotton. RP SUTTLE, JC (reprint author), USDA,NO CROP SCI LAB,POB 5677,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 101 IS 2 BP 641 EP 646 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KM094 UT WOS:A1993KM09400039 ER PT J AU SHORT, TW REYMOND, P BRIGGS, WR AF SHORT, TW REYMOND, P BRIGGS, WR TI A PEA PLASMA-MEMBRANE PROTEIN EXHIBITING BLUE LIGHT-INDUCED PHOSPHORYLATION RETAINS PHOTOSENSITIVITY FOLLOWING TRITON SOLUBILIZATION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INSIDE-OUT; 5'-PARA-FLUOROSULFONYLBENZOYLADENOSINE; VESICLES AB Phosphorylation of a polypeptide of approximately 120 kD in pea (Pisum sativum L.) plasma membranes in response to blue light has been shown to be involved in phototropic curvature, but the relationship of this protein to the kinase and photoreceptor acting upon it is uncertain. Using two-phase aqueous partitioning to isolate right-side-out plasma membrane vesicles, we have obtained evidence suggesting that the photoreceptor, kinase, and substrate are localized to the plasma membrane fraction. Latent phosphorylation accessible through Triton X-100 or freeze/thaw treatments of purified plasma membrane vesicles indicates that at least the kinase moiety is present on the internal face of the plasma membrane. Effects of solubilization of vesicles on fluence-response characteristics and on phosphorylation levels provide evidence that the receptor, kinase, and protein substrate are present together in individual mixed detergent micelles, either as a stable complex or as domains of a single polypeptide. In vivo blue-light irradiation results in a small but significant decrease in mobility of the 120-kD phosphorylated protein on sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis. This mobility shift is evident on Coomassie-stained gels and on western blots probed with polyclonal antibodies raised against the 120-kD protein. Among the plasma membrane proteins bound to the reactive nucleotide analog fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenine (FSBA), a distinct protein band at 120 kD can be detected on blots probed with anti-FSBA antibodies. This band exhibits an in vivo light-dependent mobility shift identical to that observed for the protein band and antibodies specific for the 120-kD protein, implying that the 120-kD protein has an integral nucleotide binding site and consistent with the possibility that the substrate protein is also a kinase. C1 STANFORD UNIV, DEPT BIOL SCI, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, USDA, CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. INST BIOL & PHYSIOL VEGETALES, CH-1015 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND. CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON, DEPT PLANT BIOL, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. OI Reymond, Philippe/0000-0002-3341-6200 NR 23 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 EI 1532-2548 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 101 IS 2 BP 647 EP 655 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA KM094 UT WOS:A1993KM09400040 ER PT J AU GAST, RK AF GAST, RK TI DETECTION OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS IN EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED LAYING HENS BY CULTURING POOLS OF EGG CONTENTS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; CHICKENS; EGGS; CULTURE; PUBLIC HEALTH AB Two experiments were conducted to determine whether Salmonella enteritidis could be detected efficiently in pooled samples of the contents of eggs laid by experimentally infected hens. In Experiment 1, groups of laying hens were orally inoculated with either 10(4) or 10(6) S. enteritidis cells. In Experiment 2, one-third of the hens in each group were orally inoculated with 10(6) S. enteritidis cells. At 2 wk postinoculation, culturing egg pools yielded positive results at frequencies similar to those obtained by culturing fecal samples, culturing internal organs, or testing for specific serum antibodies. Culturing fecal samples detected a higher percentage of exposed hens than egg pool culturing at 1 and 3 wk, and serum antibody tests were superior at 3 and 4 wk. In Experiment 1, more than 46% of the hens inoculated with 10(6) S. enteritidis cells laid at least one contaminated egg during the 2nd wk postinoculation. In Experiment 2, over 34% of the hens produced at least one contaminated egg during the 2nd wk postinoculation, but very few contaminated egg pools were identified during the 3rd and 4th wk. Bacteriological culturing of pooled egg contents for S. enteritidis, therefore, can apparently provide an effective method for assessing the potential public health threat posed by a flock. RP GAST, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 19 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 72 IS 2 BP 267 EP 274 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA KM479 UT WOS:A1993KM47900006 PM 8441730 ER PT J AU HURD, HS KANEENE, JB AF HURD, HS KANEENE, JB TI THE APPLICATION OF SIMULATION-MODELS AND SYSTEMS-ANALYSIS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY - A REVIEW SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; QUANTITATIVE INVESTIGATIONS; IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; MATHEMATICAL-MODELS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; DAIRY HERDS; MEASLES; RUBELLA AB A method for classifying epidemiologic process models is presented along with a brief history of epidemiologic modeling. Epidemiologic models are distinguished as being associative or process models. Associative models attempt to establish etiology by observing the associations of various risk factors with the occurrence of disease. Process models attempt to quantitatively describe the course of disease in a dynamic population. This begins with a hypothesis regarding the underlying structural processes involved. A process model can be classified further according to: (1) how it models the effect of chance; (2) application perspective; (3) the mathematical treatment of time; (4) the computational treatment of individuals; (5) the method for determining a solution. The literature was reviewed for examples of applied epidemiologic process models. Examples are cited and classified according to the classification method proposed in this paper. Suggestions for appropriate applications of various models and further research are made. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,CTR POPULAT MED,A109 VET MED CTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA,CTR EPIDEMIOL & ANIM HLTH,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. NR 105 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 15 IS 2-3 BP 81 EP 99 PG 19 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KU233 UT WOS:A1993KU23300001 ER PT J AU MEI, BG BUDDE, AD LEONG, SA AF MEI, BG BUDDE, AD LEONG, SA TI SID1, A GENE INITIATING SIDEROPHORE BIOSYNTHESIS IN USTILAGO-MAYDIS - MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION, REGULATION BY IRON, AND ROLE IN PHYTOPATHOGENICITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE L-ORNITHINE N(5)-OXYGENASE; FERRICHROME; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; INTRON; GATA ID SEQUENCE; RNA; CLONING; ENDS; DNA AB Iron uptake in Ustilago maydis is mediated by production of extracellular hydroxamate siderophores. L-Ornithine N5-oxygenase catalyzes hydroxylation of L-ornithine, which is the first committed step of ferrichrome and ferrichrome A biosynthesis in U. maydis. We have characterized sid1, a gene coding for this enzyme, by complementation in trans, gene disruption, and DNA sequence analysis. A comparison of genomic DNA and cDNA sequences has shown that the gene is interrupted by three introns. The putative amino acid sequence revealed similarity with Escherichia coli lysine N6-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the hydroxylation of lysine, the first step in biosynthesis of aerobactin. Two transcription initiation points have been determined, both by PCR amplification of the 5' end of the mRNA and by primer extension. A 2.3-kb transcript which accumulates in cells grown under low iron conditions was detected by Northern hybridization. A less abundant 2.7-kb transcript was observed in cells grown in iron-containing medium. By contrast, constitutive accumulation of the 2.3-kb transcript was observed in a mutant carrying a disruption of urbs1, a gene involved in regulation of siderophore biosynthesis. Analysis of the pathogenicity of mutants carrying a null allele of sid1 suggests that the biosynthetic pathway of siderophores does not play an essential role in the infection of maize by U. maydis. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, USDA ARS, PLANT DIS RESISTANCE RES UNIT, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RI Leong, Sally /I-8550-2012 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01-GM33716] NR 33 TC 100 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 1 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 3 BP 903 EP 907 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.3.903 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KK813 UT WOS:A1993KK81300027 PM 8430103 ER PT J AU REEDS, PJ BURRIN, DG DAVIS, TA FIOROTTO, ML AF REEDS, PJ BURRIN, DG DAVIS, TA FIOROTTO, ML TI POSTNATAL-GROWTH OF GUT AND MUSCLE - COMPETITORS OR COLLABORATORS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SCIENTIFIC MEETING OF THE NUTRITION SOC CY JUL 15-19, 1992 CL TRINITY COLL, DUBLIN, IRELAND SP NUTR SOC HO TRINITY COLL ID TISSUE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; ORGAN SIZE; CELLULAR PROLIFERATION; BODY-COMPOSITION; SYNTHESIS INVIVO; DIETARY-PROTEIN; SUCKLING RATS; NUTRITION; INTESTINE RP REEDS, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 49 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0029-6651 J9 P NUTR SOC JI Proc. Nutr. Soc. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 52 IS 1 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1079/PNS19930037 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KZ093 UT WOS:A1993KZ09300007 PM 8493277 ER PT J AU BOBILYA, DJ BRISKEANDERSON, M REEVES, PG AF BOBILYA, DJ BRISKEANDERSON, M REEVES, PG TI LIGANDS INFLUENCE ZN TRANSPORT INTO CULTURED ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; ZINC-BINDING LIGANDS; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; HUMAN-FIBROBLASTS; SERUM ALBUMIN; AMINO-ACIDS; PROTEINS; RATS AB Experimental results were obtained that demonstrate the importance of the relative concentrations of Zn ligands and their affinities for Zn to the rate of Zn transport across a biological membrane. The transport rate into cultured endothelial cells became saturated near a Zn concentration of 30 muM in the presence or absence of 14% serum. However, the maximum transport rate identified by the saturation plateau was nearly twice as fast from serum-free medium. The addition of histidine or picolinic acid to the medium with serum resulted in the coincidental shift of Zn from high molecular weight ligands to low molecular weight ligands and increased the overall transport rate. In serum-free medium, adding histidine or picolinic acid slowed the transport rate. This indicates that the rate of Zn transport is influenced by the ligand to which it is associated and that altering the relative proportions of specific ligands influences the Zn transport rate. The rate of Zn transport decreased in a stepwise fashion as the albumin to Zn ratio increased from 0 to 4:1, with further increases having little effect. This suggests that albumin has a special role as modulator of Zn transport into endothelial cells. These studies underscore the importance of controlling the relative concentrations of Zn and its ligands in Zn transport kinetic research and suggest that varying their concentrations in a physiological range may be a method of regulating the distribution of Zn into specific cells and tissues. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 202 IS 2 BP 159 EP 166 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA KJ373 UT WOS:A1993KJ37300005 PM 8424105 ER PT J AU MORIN, CL ALLEN, KGD MATHIAS, MM AF MORIN, CL ALLEN, KGD MATHIAS, MM TI THROMBOXANE PRODUCTION IN COPPER-DEFICIENT AND MARGINAL PLATELETS - INFLUENCE OF SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE AND LIPID HYDROPEROXIDES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID METABOLISM; VITAMIN-E; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; RATS; DIETARY; THROMBIN; PLASMA; ACTIVATION; OXIDASE AB Platelet thromboxane (TX) production was examined in response to dietary copper. Groups of eight rats were fed copper-deficient, -marginal, and -adequate diets providing 0.5, 1.7, and 7.5 mug Cu/g, respectively, with controlled dietary Se and vitamin E. Platelets were purified and washed by centrifugation. Separate platelet samples from each rat were challenged with 10 mug/ml of collagen and 1 unit/ml (27.3 nM) of thrombin in Tyrode's buffer, 2.0 mM Ca2+. Platelet copper-dependent superoxide dismutase (CuSOD) activity showed a significant depression with reduced diet copper, but platelet glutathione peroxidase activity was unaffected. Challenged platelet TX production showed a significant 1.5- to 2.5-fold increase in response to both dietary copper deficiency and marginality, with highly significant negative correlations between challenged platelet TX production and platelet CuSOD activity and between TX production and copper status (liver copper). Endogenous (unchallenged) platelet lipid hydroperoxide concentrations, measured as free fatty acid hydroperoxides by a glutathione-disulfide-specific glutathione reductase recycling assay, showed a nonsignificant 47-67% increase in copper deficiency. Pooled data showed a significant 71% increase in platelet lipid hydroperoxides in copper deficiency. Platelet TX production showed a significant correlation with endogenous lipid hydroperoxides. The results suggest that dietary copper insufficiency increases platelet TX synthesis through changes in CuSOD in a dose-responsive (diet copper and platelet CuSOD activity) manner, and that platelet TX synthesis is influenced by lipid hydroperoxides (peroxide tone). C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA,COOPERAT STATE RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 39759] NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 202 IS 2 BP 167 EP 173 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA KJ373 UT WOS:A1993KJ37300006 PM 8424106 ER PT J AU FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD BURNS, WA ANTHOLINE, WE AF FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD BURNS, WA ANTHOLINE, WE TI LOW DIETARY IRON PREVENTS FREE-RADICAL FORMATION AND HEART PATHOLOGY OF COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS FED FRUCTOSE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ASCORBIC-ACID; GROWING-RAT; ANEMIA; CARBOHYDRATE; HYPERTROPHY; SEVERITY; SUCROSE; ATROPHY; TISSUE AB Two studies were conducted to determine whether hepatic iron overload in rats fed fructose plays a role in the exacerbation of the signs associated with copper deficiency. When led the adequate iron diet (50 mug Fe/g), copper-deficient rats fed either fructose or starch exhibited hepatic iron overload of similar magnitude. However, only livers of copper-deficient rats fed fructose exhibited the presence cf high peaks associated with an iron compound detected by electron spin resonance. In addition, only copper-deficient rats fed fructose developed anemia, pancreatic atrophy, and heart hypertrophy with histopathologic changes, and they died prematurely of heart-related abnormalities. Lowering dietary iron from 50 mug/g to 30 gg/g was not sufficient to protect the animals against the pathologic consequences of copper deficiency. In contrast, the consumption of a fructose diet inadequate in both copper (0.6 mug/g) and iron (17 mug/g) resulted in the reduction of hepatic iron, which in turn caused the amelioration of the deficiency, compared with rats fed the adequate iron (50 mug/g) diet. None of these rats developed pancreatic atrophy, none exhibited myocardial lesions, and none died of the deficiency. Electron spin resonance spectra of their livers did not show the presence of free radicals. The data suggest that hepatic iron overload plays a role in the exacerbation of copper deficiency only when fructose diets are consumed. C1 VET ADM MED CTR,LAB SERV,E ORANGE,NJ 07019. MED COLL WISCONSIN,NATL BIOMED ESR CTR,MILWAUKEE,WI 53225. GEORGETOWN UNIV,DIV ENDOCRINOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. RP FIELDS, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BLDG 307-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 202 IS 2 BP 225 EP 232 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA KJ373 UT WOS:A1993KJ37300014 PM 8380928 ER PT J AU HELLER, SR AF HELLER, SR TI CHEMICAL INFORMATION IN THE 21ST-CENTURY SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The current state of the chemical information in a number of areas is presented. The author then discusses a number of areas in detail and predicts what is likely to be the state of the field by the year 2000. The economics of the chemical information are also briefly described. RP HELLER, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 65 IS 2 BP 251 EP 256 DI 10.1351/pac199365020251 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KJ669 UT WOS:A1993KJ66900010 ER PT J AU BRAKKE, TW WERGIN, WP ERBE, EF HARNDEN, JM AF BRAKKE, TW WERGIN, WP ERBE, EF HARNDEN, JM TI SEASONAL-VARIATION IN THE STRUCTURE AND RED REFLECTANCE OF LEAVES FROM YELLOW POPLAR, RED OAK, AND RED MAPLE SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID BIDIRECTIONAL SCATTERING; SPECULAR REFLECTANCE; EPICUTICULAR WAXES; LIGHT; LEAF; VEGETATION; PLANTS; PENETRATION; RADIATION; EPIDERMIS AB A laboratory goniometer was used to measure the light scattered from leaves as a function of view angle in the principal plane for yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), red oak (Quercus rubra L), and red maple (Acer rubrum L.). The source was a parallel-polarized helium-neon laser (632.8 nm). Yellow poplar leaves had the highest reflectance of the three species, which may have been due to its shorter palisade cells and more extensive spongy mesophyll. Prior to senescence, there was a significant decrease, but not total extinction, in the reflectance of the beam incident at 600 from nadir on the adaxial (upper) side of the leaves of all three species. This was interpreted as a Brewster angle effect. The reflectance increased as the leaves senesced. The abaxial (lower) side of the leaf did not exhibit the reflectance decrease at the Brewster angle, indicating that multiple reflections were obscuring the effect. The multiple reflections could have been from either the spongy mesophyll or from the abaxial surface (which was rougher than the adaxial). Low-temperature scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations showed differences in the surface wax patterns among the three species but did not indicate a cause of the reflectance changes other than possibly the accumulation and aging of the wax. SEM observations confirmed the greater roughness of the abaxial side of the leaf. This type of information on leaf bidirectional scattering should be useful for linking remote sensing observations with leaf optical properties. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,SENSOR CONCEPT & DEV BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP BRAKKE, TW (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,BIOSPHER SCI BRANCH,CODE 923,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 115 EP 130 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(93)90001-E PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA KK487 UT WOS:A1993KK48700001 ER PT J AU WALTERSHEA, EA HAYS, CJ MESARCH, MA JACKSON, RD AF WALTERSHEA, EA HAYS, CJ MESARCH, MA JACKSON, RD TI AN IMPROVED GONIOMETER SYSTEM FOR CALIBRATING FIELD REFERENCE-REFLECTANCE PANELS SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article AB Field reference-reflectance panels need an initial calibration and periodic recalibration to ensure valid field reflectance data. The field calibration method proposed by Jackson et al. (1987) is an affordable means to accomplish this provided that a field goniometer system is available. Design and construction details for such a system are described. C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP WALTERSHEA, EA (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGR METEOROL,POB 830728,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(93)90002-F PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA KK487 UT WOS:A1993KK48700002 ER PT J AU WILSON, CL WISNIEWSKI, ME DROBY, S CHALUTZ, E AF WILSON, CL WISNIEWSKI, ME DROBY, S CHALUTZ, E TI A SELECTION STRATEGY FOR MICROBIAL ANTAGONISTS TO CONTROL POSTHARVEST DISEASES OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE ANTAGONISTS; APPLE; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; CRYPTOCOCCUS-LAURENTII; CANDIDA-SAKE; CANDIDA-TENUIS; POSTHARVEST ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; APPLE AB Fruit wounds were utilized to screen for potential antagonists to postharvest rot organisms from unidentified microbial populations on fruit surfaces. Washings from apple, oranges, and tomato fruit surfaces were placed in fresh apple fruit wounds which were subsequently challenged with postharvest rot pathogens. After 10 days, those wounds not showing rot development were scraped with a sterile needle. Dislodged material was diluted in sterile water which was diluted serially and plated on nutrient agar. Individual isolations were made from frequently occurring colonies and tested for antagonistic activity against postharvest pathogens. Utilizing these procedures, six isolates were identified which were effective antagonists against Botrytis and Penicillium rots of apple. Three of the isolates were identified as Candida sake (Saito & Ota) Van Uden & Buckley and one as Candida tenuis Diddens & Lodder none of which has been described previously as a biocontrol agent. C1 ARO,VOLCANI CTR,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP WILSON, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 10 TC 121 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 53 IS 3 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1016/0304-4238(93)90066-Y PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA KN210 UT WOS:A1993KN21000001 ER PT J AU HARRISON, LA LETENDRE, L KOVACEVICH, P PIERSON, E WELLER, D AF HARRISON, LA LETENDRE, L KOVACEVICH, P PIERSON, E WELLER, D TI PURIFICATION OF AN ANTIBIOTIC EFFECTIVE AGAINST GAEUMANNOMYCES-GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI PRODUCED BY A BIOCONTROL AGENT, PSEUDOMONAS-AUREOFACIENS SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BLACK ROOT-ROT; TAKE-ALL; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PLANT-PATHOGENS; WHEAT; SUPPRESSION; RHIZOSPHERE; BACTERIA; TOBACCO AB Inhibition of the fungus that causes take-all of wheat, Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx and Oliver var. tritici Walker, by a biocontrol agent, Pseudomonas aureofaciens Q2-87, was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Q2-87 was originally isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat grown in a take-all suppressive soil. An antifungal compound was isolated from a chemically-defined broth culture of strain Q2-87. The structure of the compound was established to be 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,4-diacetophenone through infrared, [H-1]nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), [C-13]NMR, u.v., and high-resolution fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry. The synthesized product of the proposed structure demonstrated activity equal to the purified natural product. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ROOT DIS & BIOL CONTROL RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP HARRISON, LA (reprint author), MONSANTO CO,PLANT PROTECT & IMPROVEMENT,700 CHESTERFIELD VILLAGE PKWY,ST LOUIS,MO 63198, USA. NR 35 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 25 IS 2 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(93)90029-B PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KN770 UT WOS:A1993KN77000009 ER PT J AU UNGER, PW AF UNGER, PW TI PARATILL EFFECTS ON LOOSENING OF A TORRERTIC PALEUSTOLL SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB Paleustolls occur on extensive areas of the central and southern Great Plains of the USA. These soils are characterized by a thick argillic horizon or, more commonly, a clayey horizon with an abrupt upper boundary. They are slowly permeable and plant rooting in them is limited because of dense B horizons. Paleustolls, which are Mollisols, have characteristics similar to other Mollisols and some Vertisols, both of which occur on extensive areas throughout the world. Hence, practices applicable to Paleustolls should be applicable also to the other soils. Using a Paratill(R) loosens a soil without causing major cloddiness and retains surface residues that aid soil and water conservation efforts. This study was conducted to determine the cross-sectional area of a Torrertic Paleustoll loosened by Paratill operations performed at shallow (0. 1 5 - 0.20 m) or deep (0.25 - 0.30 m) depths at normal (0.6 m) or wide (0.8 m) point spacings with a four-point implement in relatively wet and relatively dry soil. Soil water content at the different times of using the Paratill did not affect areas of loosened soil. The cross-sectional area of loosened soil below the original soil surface was least (0.4 12 M2) with the normal spacing, shallow depth treatment. When the Paratill was operated deeply, the area of loosened soil beneath the original surface was similar with normal and wide point spacings (0.519 and 0.491 m2, respectively). The total resultant loosened soil area also was similar with deep Paratill passes at narrow and wide spacings (0.763 and 0.788 m2, respectively). However, when adjusted to a unit width of loosened soil, the loosened area was 32% less with wide point spacing than with normal point spacing for the deeper operation of the Paratill. The normal spacing, deep Paratill treatment resulted in the greatest calculated water equivalency of pore space in loosened soil, namely, 130 mm in the area below the original surface and 191 mm for the total area, which could be of major value for improving water conservation and crop rooting in this soil. RP UNGER, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(93)90082-Z PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA KN598 UT WOS:A1993KN59800001 ER PT J AU HOBERG, EP LICHTENFELS, JR PILITT, PA AF HOBERG, EP LICHTENFELS, JR PILITT, PA TI COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF OSTERTAGIA-MOSSI AND OSTERTAGIA-DIKMANSI (TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE) FROM ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS AND COMMENTS ON OTHER OSTERTAGIA SPP FROM THE CERVIDAE SO SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CUTICULAR RIDGE-PATTERNS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; BOVINE OSTERTAGIA; RANGIFER-TARANDUS; NORTH-AMERICA; NEMATODA; LEPTOSPICULARIS; PATHOGENICITY; HELMINTHS; RUMINANTS AB The synlophes of Ostertagia mossi Dikmans, 1931 and O. dikmansi Becklund & Walker, 1968 were found to be identical supporting recognition of these as the major and minor morphotypes, respectively, of a putative species pair within the Ostertagiinae. The cervical synlophe included three narrowly spaced, continuous, parallel ridges laterally and three parallel but more widely spaced ridges in the dorsal and ventral fields (Type II and Type A patterns, respectively). The disposition of the synlophe in conjunction with a long oesophageo-intestinal valve, and attributes of the genital cone and spicules are characteristics shared among other Ostertagia spp. from cervids in the Holarctic region that allow recognition of a species group morphologically distinct from the Ostertagiinae of domestic ruminants. The morphological similarity of O. mossi/O. dikmansi, O. leptospicularis Assadov, 1953/O. kolchida Popova, 1937 and O. gruehneri Skrjabin, 1929/O. arctica Mitzkewitsch, 1929 is substantial, but these species can be differentiated by small but constant differences in the synlophe and genital complex of males; females cannot be easily distinguished. The morphological similarity of this cryptic complex of species and their relatively restricted distribution among cervids suggests a coevolutionary history for hosts and parasites in the Holarctic region. RP HOBERG, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BIOSYSTEMAT PARASITOL LAB,BARC E,BLDG 1180,BELTSVILLE,MD 20715, USA. NR 53 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5752 J9 SYST PARASITOL JI Syst. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 24 IS 2 BP 111 EP 127 DI 10.1007/BF00009596 PG 17 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA KR512 UT WOS:A1993KR51200003 ER PT J AU BOYLSTON, EK THIBODEAUX, DP EVANS, JP AF BOYLSTON, EK THIBODEAUX, DP EVANS, JP TI APPLYING MICROSCOPY TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A REFERENCE METHOD FOR COTTON FIBER MATURITY SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Two microscopic methods for characterizing the maturity of a cotton sample have been developed, using either cross-sectional or longitudinal scanning of fibers by image analysis. This study compares the two methods for consistency with the aim of optimizing their efficiency and accuracy as reference methods. Longitudinal scans of cotton fibers at immature (3.5 weeks post-anthesis) and mature (7 weeks, field opened) growth stages are compared with cross-sectional measurements of the same fiber samples. Maximum projections along the length of cotton fibers agree with cross-sectional measurements, but minimum projections do not. Variations in fiber twisting and folding render minimum width projections inaccurate. The only true measure of wall thickness is from cross-sectional data, and fiber alignment is critical. Sample preparation for developing a reference method dictates that bundles of combed, parallel fibers be sectioned in the center. This procedure will decrease errors in sampling due to the natural taper of the fiber along its length. RP BOYLSTON, EK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 7 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 63 IS 2 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1177/004051759306300203 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA KM065 UT WOS:A1993KM06500003 ER PT J AU MANGIALARDI, GJ AF MANGIALARDI, GJ TI LINT CLEANING EFFECT ON SEED-COAT FRAGMENT SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN COTTON - REPLY SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Letter RP MANGIALARDI, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US COTTON GINNING LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 63 IS 2 BP 121 EP 122 DI 10.1177/004051759306300210 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA KM065 UT WOS:A1993KM06500010 ER PT J AU MIKLAS, PN STAVELY, JR KELLY, JD AF MIKLAS, PN STAVELY, JR KELLY, JD TI IDENTIFICATION AND POTENTIAL USE OF A MOLECULAR MARKER FOR RUST RESISTANCE IN COMMON BEAN SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD); PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; UROMYCES-APPENDICULATUS; GENE PYRAMIDING ID NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; DNA POLYMORPHISMS; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; GENE; INHERITANCE; TOMATO AB The Up2 gene of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important source of dominant genetic resistance to the bean rust pathogen [Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers. ex Pers.) Unger var 'appendiculatus' [syn U. phaseoli (Reben) Wint.]. Up2 in combination with other rust resistance genes may be used to obtain potentially stable genetic resistance. It is difficult, however, to combine rust resistance genes effective against a single race due to epistatic interactions that frequently occur between them. A strategy that employed bulked DNA samples formed separately from the DNA of three BC6F2 individuals with Up2 and three without Up2 as contrasting near-isogenic lines (NILs) was used to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA fragments (RAPDs) tightly linked to the Up2 locus. Only 1 of 931 fragments amplified by 167 10-mer primers of arbitrary sequence in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was polymorphic. The RAPD marker (OA14(1100)) amplified by the 5'-TCTGTGCTGG-3' primer was repeatable and its presence and absence easy to score. No recombination was observed between OA14(1100) and the dominant Up2 allele within a segregating BC6F2 population of 84 individuals. This result suggests that OA14(1100) and Up2 are tightly linked. Andean and Mesoamerican bean germ plasm, with and without the Up2 allele, were assayed for the presence of OA14(1100). Apparently, the marker is of Andean origin because all Andean lines, with or without the Up2 allele, contained the marker, and the marker was absent in all Mesoamerican germ plasm except the lines to which Up-2 had been purposely transferred. These results suggest that OA14(1100) will be most useful for pyramiding Up2 with other rust resistance genes into germ plasm of Mesoamerican origin where the marker does not traditionally exist. The use of bulked DNA samples may have concentrated resources toward the identification of RAPDs that were tightly linked to the target locus. Marker-based selection may provide an alternative to the time-consuming testcrosses required to pyramid bean rust resistance genes that exhibit epistasis. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP MIKLAS, PN (reprint author), USDA ARS,TROP AGR RES STN,POB 70,MAYAGUEZ,PR 00709, USA. NR 22 TC 102 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6-7 BP 745 EP 749 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA KP837 UT WOS:A1993KP83700015 PM 24196045 ER PT J AU HAYNES, KG DOUCHES, DS AF HAYNES, KG DOUCHES, DS TI ESTIMATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF DOUBLE REDUCTION IN THE CULTIVATED TETRAPLOID POTATO SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE CHROMOSOMAL SEGREGATION; CHROMATID SEGREGATION; HAPLOIDS; MAP DISTANCE; ISOZYME LOCI ID GENETIC-ANALYSIS; ISOZYME LOCI; SOLANUM AB Theoretical models to estimate the coefficient of double reduction in tetraploid organisms and the standard error of this estimate are derived. Using these models, we were able to estimate the coefficient of double reduction for several loci in tetraploid potatoes, Solanum tuberosum L., through examination of segregating isozyme loci in a series of 4x-2x crosses and in haploid progeny derived from six cultivated tetraploid potatoes. Tetraploid x diploid crosses are useful for estimating the frequency of double reduction because of the availability of homozygous diploid tester lines and the large number of tetraploid progeny generated via the functioning of 2n pollen. The strength of haploid analysis is the examination of diploid progeny. However, it is frequently difficult to obtain large numbers of progeny for testing. Based on our results, we conclude that double reduction occurs sporadically in tetraploid potatoes. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP HAYNES, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6-7 BP 857 EP 862 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA KP837 UT WOS:A1993KP83700030 PM 24196060 ER PT J AU DEVINE, TE WEISEMANN, JM MATTHEWS, BF AF DEVINE, TE WEISEMANN, JM MATTHEWS, BF TI LINKAGE OF THE FR2 LOCUS CONTROLLING SOYBEAN ROOT FLUORESCENCE AND 4 LOCI DETECTED BY RFLP MARKERS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE RP DEVINE, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,INST PLANT SCI,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 8 BP 921 EP 925 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA KQ854 UT WOS:A1993KQ85400001 PM 24196140 ER PT J AU HOESCHELE, I VANRADEN, PM AF HOESCHELE, I VANRADEN, PM TI BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS OF LINKAGE BETWEEN GENETIC-MARKERS AND QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI .2. COMBINING PRIOR KNOWLEDGE WITH EXPERIMENTAL-EVIDENCE SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE GENETIC MARKERS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; BAYESIAN METHOD; PRIOR INFORMATION ID MODEL AB A Bayesian method was developed for identifying genetic markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL) by analyzing data from daughter or granddaughter designs and single markers or marker pairs. Traditional methods may yield unrealistic results because linkage tests depend on number of markers and QTL gene effects associated with selected markers are overestimated. The Bayesian or posterior probability of linkage combines information from a daughter or granddaughter design with the prior probability of linkage between a marker locus and a QTL. If the posterior probability exceeds a certain quantity, linkage is declared. Upon linkage acceptance, Bayesian estimates of marker-QTL recombination rate and QTL gene effects and frequencies are obtained. The Bayesian estimates of QTL gene effects account for different amounts of information by shrinking information from data toward the mean or mode of a prior exponential distribution of gene effects. Computation of the Bayesian analysis is feasible. Exact results are given for biallelic QTL, and extensions to multiallelic QTL are suggested. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HOESCHELE, I (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT DAIRY SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 16 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 8 BP 946 EP 952 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA KQ854 UT WOS:A1993KQ85400005 PM 24196144 ER PT J AU HOESCHELE, I VANRADEN, PM AF HOESCHELE, I VANRADEN, PM TI BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS OF LINKAGE BETWEEN GENETIC-MARKERS AND QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI .1. PRIOR KNOWLEDGE SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE GENETIC MARKERS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; BAYESIAN METHOD; PRIOR INFORMATION ID NUMBER AB Prior information on gene effects at individual quantitative trait loci (QTL) and on recombination rates between marker loci and QTL is derived. The prior distribution of QTL gene effects is assumed to be exponential with major effects less likely than minor ones. The prior probability of linkage between a marker and another single locus is a function of the number and length of chromosomes, and of the map function relating recombination rate to genetic distance among loci. The prior probability of linkage between a marker locus and a quantitative trait depends additionally on the number of detectable QTL, which may be determined from total additive genetic variance and minimum detectable QTL effect. The use of this prior information should improve linkage tests and estimates of QTL effects. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HOESCHELE, I (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT DAIRY SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 30 TC 38 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 8 BP 953 EP 960 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA KQ854 UT WOS:A1993KQ85400006 PM 24196145 ER PT J AU FERNANDEZ, D BERARDINELLI, JG SHORT, RE ADAIR, R AF FERNANDEZ, D BERARDINELLI, JG SHORT, RE ADAIR, R TI THE TIME REQUIRED FOR THE PRESENCE OF BULLS TO ALTER THE INTERVAL FROM PARTURITION TO RESUMPTION OF OVARIAN ACTIVITY AND REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE IN 1ST-CALF SUCKLED BEEF-COWS SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BOVINE; POSTPARTUM INTERVAL; BIOSTIMULATION; PREGNANCY RATES ID CATTLE; EXPOSURE AB This experiment was designed to determine 1) if exposure of first-calf suckled beef cows to mature bulls in the first 30 days, after 30 days, of continuously post partum reduces the postpartum anestrous period and 2) if exposure to bulls alters the first service pregnancy rate. Postpartum first-calf suckled crossbred (Angus x Hereford; Hereford x Angus) cows were randomly assigned to be 1) exposed continuously to mature, epididectomized bulls (BE; n = 18); 2) exposed to bulls for the first 30 days post partum (BE/NE; n = 17); 3) exposed to bulls after the first 30 days post partum (NE/BE; n = 16); or not exposed to bulls (NE; n = 18). Blood samples were collected weekly to be assayed for progesterone to determine resumption of ovarian cyclic activity. All the cows were bred for 21 days by AI while under their respective treatment regimens and were then exposed to fertile bulls for an additional 35 days. The postpartum interval to resumption of ovarian cyclic activity did not differ (P>0.10) among the 3 (BE, BE/NE, and NE/BE) treatment groups, but it was 15.4 d shorter (P<0.05) than for cows in the NE group. The overall pregnancy rates did not differ (P>0.10) among the treatment groups. The AI pregnancy rates for the BE/NE and NE/BE treatment groups were higher (P<0.05) than for the NE group. The AI pregnancy rates for the BE and NE treatment groups did not differ (P>0.10). The results showed that all three treatments (BE, BE/NE and NE/BE) similarly decrease the postpartum interval and that exposure to bulls may improve the reproductive performance of first-calf suckled beef cows. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. USDA,MILES CITY,MT 59301. NR 12 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD FEB PY 1993 VL 39 IS 2 BP 411 EP 419 DI 10.1016/0093-691X(93)90384-H PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA KK603 UT WOS:A1993KK60300008 PM 16727221 ER PT J AU CRAWFORD, L KOCAN, RM AF CRAWFORD, L KOCAN, RM TI STEROIDAL ALKALOID TOXICITY TO FISH EMBRYOS SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE RAINBOW TROUT; STEROIDAL ALKALOID TOXICITY; FISH EMBRYOS ID CASSIA-OBTUSIFOLIA; WEED SEEDS; CYTOCHROME-P-450; GLYCOALKALOIDS; GENOTOXICITY; SICKLEPOD AB Embryos of two species of fish were evaluated for their suitability as model systems for steroidal alkaloid toxicity, the Japanese rice fish, medaka (Oryzius latipes) and the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Additionally, the equine neurotoxic sesquiterpene lactone repin, was also tested. A PROBIT program was used to evaluate the EC1, EC50 and EC99 as well as the associated confidence limits. The steroidal alkaloids tested were the Solanum potato glycoalkaloids alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanine, the aglyclones solanidine and solasodine and the Veratrum alkaloid, jervine. Embryo mortality, likely due to structural or functional abnormalities in the early development stages of the embryo, were the only response observed in both species. The rainbow trout exhibited a toxic response to chaconine, solasidine, repin and solanine but the medaka embryos were only affected by the compounds, chaconine and solanine. Rainbow trout may indeed serve as a good lower vertebrate model for studying the toxicity of steroidal alkaloids. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES HF-15,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP CRAWFORD, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 66 IS 2 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(93)90092-C PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA KM774 UT WOS:A1993KM77400007 PM 8430437 ER PT J AU TURCHIN, P AF TURCHIN, P TI THE LOGISTIC EQUATION REVISITED - FINAL INSTALLMENT SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Letter ID POPULATIONS RP TURCHIN, P (reprint author), SO FOREST EXPT STN,2500 SHREVEPORT HWY,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 8 IS 2 BP 68 EP 69 DI 10.1016/0169-5347(93)90162-I PG 2 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA KK576 UT WOS:A1993KK57600010 PM 21236110 ER PT J AU SOLOMON, JD OLIVERIA, FL AF SOLOMON, JD OLIVERIA, FL TI EVALUATION OF POPLAR TENTMAKER DEFOLIATION ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OLDER COTTONWOOD PLANTATIONS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE SOUTHERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE CLOSTERA-INCLUSA; LOSSES; POPULUS-DELTOIDES; TREE MORTALITY AB The poplar tentmaker, Clostera inclusa (Hubner), became epidemic in the lower Mississippi River Valley in the late 1970's. Some 30,000 acres of cotton-wood plantations were defoliated in 1977 and 1978. The impact of defoliation on the trees was evaluated over a 5-year period (1978 through 1982) primarily by comparing survival, crown deterioration, and growth in protected (sprayed) and unprotected (unsprayed) plots on sites in four 6- to 12-year-old plantations in southeast Arkansas and west-central Mississippi. Mortality rates in unprotected plots ranged from 10 to 52 percent. Diameter growth in unprotected plots during the first 2 years was one-half or less than that in protected plots. Height growth averaged better in protected plots, but the difference from unprotected plots was less marked than was the difference in diameter growth. Crown deterioration in terms of density and crown dieback was most pronounced in unprotected plots over the 2 years following defoliation. One encouraging finding, however, was that one plantation came through moderate defoliation with only minimal negative effects. The trees in this plantation were on an excellent site, had been kept well thinned, and had vigorous crowns that had suffered little previous damage from leaf diseases. RP SOLOMON, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,SO HARDWOODS LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU USDA FOR SERV SO FOR EXP STA PI NEW ORLEANS PA 701 LOYOLA AVE ROOM T-10210, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70113 SN 0502-5265 J9 USDA FOR SERV SO RES JI USDA For. Serv. South. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PD FEB PY 1993 IS 271 BP U1 EP 7 PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KW359 UT WOS:A1993KW35900001 ER PT J AU PETTIT, RK RIMLER, RB ACKERMANN, MR AF PETTIT, RK RIMLER, RB ACKERMANN, MR TI PROTECTION OF PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA DERMONECROTIC TOXIN-CHALLENGED RATS BY TOXOID-INDUCED ANTIBODY SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROGRESSIVE ATROPHIC RHINITIS; PROTEIN TOXIN; VACCINATION AB Two different doses of glutaraldehyde-treated Pasteurella multocida dermonecrotic toxin (PMDT) were used to immunize rats. Rats developed serum IgG antibodies specific for native PMDT, and IgG titers increased with dose and number of toxoid immunizations. Survival rates in both active immunization and passive serum neutralization experiments were dependent on dose of toxoid vaccination and serum levels of anti-PMDT IgG. Vaccination with toxoid prevented weight loss but not leukocytosis and increased complement titers in toxin-challenged rats. Toxoid, itself, induced minimal leukocytosis but no alterations in complement titers or weight gain. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AVIAN DIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 34 IS 2 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(93)90170-C PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA KP136 UT WOS:A1993KP13600006 PM 8451832 ER PT J AU SNYDER, DE KLESIUS, PH AF SNYDER, DE KLESIUS, PH TI SPECIAL ISSUE - OSTERTAGIA - PREFACE SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 PFIZER ANIM HLTH,LEES SUMMIT,MO 64081. USDA ARS,FISH DIS & PARASITES RES LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 46 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA KR281 UT WOS:A1993KR28100001 ER PT J AU LICHTENFELS, JR HOBERG, EP AF LICHTENFELS, JR HOBERG, EP TI THE SYSTEMATICS OF NEMATODES THAT CAUSE OSTERTAGIASIS IN DOMESTIC AND WILD RUMINANTS IN NORTH-AMERICA - AN UPDATE AND A KEY TO SPECIES SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON OSTERTAGIA CY MAR 01-04, 1992 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK, MD SP AMER ASSOC VET PARASITOLOGISTS, USDA, AGR RES SERV, ANIM HLTH PHARM IND HO UNIV MARYLAND ID CUTICULAR RIDGE-PATTERNS; RANGIFER-TARANDUS; 1ST REPORT; TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA; CARIBOU; CALVES AB Studies of medium stomach worms (Subfamily Ostertagiinae) of domestic and wild ruminants in North America have refined our understanding of the systematics, host distribution and biogeography of these nematodes. Strong support for recognition of monophyly for the Ostertagiinae has resulted from preliminary phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters among these and other trichostrongylids. Evaluation of morphological and biochemical characters in our laboratory and elsewhere has not refuted the polymorphism hypothesis where paired major and minor morphotypes are postulated to represent polymorphic species within the genera Ostertagia (Ostertagia ostertagi/Ostertagia lyrata; Ostertagia leptospicularis/Ostertagia kolchida; Ostertagia gruehneri/Ostertagia arctica; Ostertagia mossi/Ostertagia dikmansi), Teladorsagia (Teladorsagia circumcincta/Teladorsagia trifurcata (=Teladorsagia davtiani), and Marshallagia (Marshallagia marshalli/Marshallagia occidentalis). The minor morphotype of Ostertagia bisonis, recognized in Eurasia (considered to be Teladorsagia kazakhstanica), has yet to be discovered in North America. The taxonomy of these species has remained stable since an earlier overview of Ostertagia spp. and Teladorsagia spp. in North American domestic stock at the 1986 Ostertagia Workshop. Investigations since 1986 have focused on comparative morphology and the clear differentiation of Ostertagiinae, primarily from wild ruminants, that have been reported or may potentially occur in domestic bovids. Among these are species which infect wild and domestic sheep (Marshallagia marshalli/Marshallagia occidentalis), bovids (Ostertagia bisonis), and cervids (Ostertagia mossi/Ostertagia dikmansi, Ostertagia leptospicularis/Ostertagia kolchida, Ostertagia gruehneri/Ostertagia arctica, Mazamastrongylus odocoilei and Mazamastrongylus pursglovei) in North America. A key is presented for identifying 15 species of the Subfamily Ostertagiinae that are parasitic in domestic and wild ruminants of North America. Four exotic species (Camelostrongylus mentulatus, Spiculopteragia spiculoptera (=Spiculopteragia boehmi), Spiculopteragia asymmetrica and Longistrongylus curvispiculum) have been reported in North America, but only in game farms and are not included in the key. Hyostrongylus rubidus, a member of the Ostertagiinae normally parasitic in pigs and only rarely reported from domestic ruminants, is not included in the keys. Additional data from comparative morphology and molecular analyses will promote a reassessment of the generic-level systematics of the Ostertagiinae and allow an evaluation of host-parasite evolution and historical biogeography. RP LICHTENFELS, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOSYST PARASITOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 38 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 46 IS 1-4 BP 33 EP 53 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(93)90046-P PG 21 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA KR281 UT WOS:A1993KR28100004 PM 8484224 ER PT J AU KLESIUS, PH AF KLESIUS, PH TI REGULATION OF IMMUNITY TO OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON OSTERTAGIA CY MAR 01-04, 1992 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK, MD SP AMER ASSOC VET PARASITOLOGISTS, USDA, AGR RES SERV, ANIM HLTH PHARM IND HO UNIV MARYLAND ID SOLUBLE EXTRACTS; BOVINE OSTERTAGIASIS; CATTLE; CALVES; RESPONSES; INFECTIONS; COOPERIA; LECTINS; EOSINOPHILS; RECOGNITION AB Knowledge of bovine immune response to ostertagiasis is important to understanding the mechanisms of innate and acquired immunity to this economically important helminth parasite that infects cattle worldwide. Infection causes both antibody and cellular immune responses. Evidence shows that Ostertagia possesses excretory-secretory (ES) molecules that may regulate immune cell responses that affect acquired immunity and pathophysiological changes to infection. Ostertagia can down-regulate antibody and cellular immune responses. One of these ES regulatory molecules is a lectin that causes eosinophil chemotaxis. In addition to its antigenicity, this regulatory molecule serves as a means of communication between the parasite and cells of the host immune system. It is suggested that, lacking this type of communication, Ostertagia infection may not be readily recognized by the host immune cells. A hypothesis is proposed for the mechanisms of acquired immunity to Type I ostertagiasis. Regulatory molecules of Ostertagia ES are suggested as suitable vaccine candidates. RP KLESIUS, PH (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM PARASITE RES LAB,POB 952,AUBURN,AL 36830, USA. NR 53 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 46 IS 1-4 BP 63 EP 79 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(93)90048-R PG 17 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA KR281 UT WOS:A1993KR28100006 PM 8484225 ER PT J AU GASBARRE, LC LEIGHTON, EA DAVIES, CJ AF GASBARRE, LC LEIGHTON, EA DAVIES, CJ TI INFLUENCE OF HOST GENETICS UPON ANTIBODY-RESPONSES AGAINST GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODE INFECTIONS IN CATTLE SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON OSTERTAGIA CY MAR 01-04, 1992 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK, MD SP AMER ASSOC VET PARASITOLOGISTS, USDA, AGR RES SERV, ANIM HLTH PHARM IND HO UNIV MARYLAND ID CALVES; OSTERTAGIA; IMMUNITY; MODEL AB Previous studies have shown that the number of gastrointestinal nematode eggs released per gram of feces (EPG) of calves is strongly influenced by host genetics. The purpose of this study was to determine if host genetics also influenced immune recognition of parasite antigens in these same calves. Serum samples were taken at monthly intervals from calves during their first grazing season, from approximately 4 months after the onset of calving and were continued until weaning. Serum samples were analyzed for antibodies against Ostertagia ostertagi, Haemonchus placei, Cooperia oncophora, and Oesophagostomum radiatum. Significant rises in antibodies of the IgG1 class were seen against Ostertagia ostertagi, H. placei, and C oncophora. In addition, rises in anti-Ostertagia antibodies of the IgG2 and IgM isotypes were also noted. During periods of elevated antibody responses, the sire of the individual calves was found to influence significantly the level of circulating antibody. The heritability of serum anti-parasite antibody levels was demonstrated to be between 70 and 80%, depending upon the time and antibody isotype. The antibody levels did not appear to be correlated with parasite EPG values. These results indicate that the ability of calves to recognize parasite antigens is strongly influenced by genetic factors, and that the genetic factors which control antibody responses may differ from those controlling EPG values. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,AGR EXPT STN,WYE RES & EDUC CTR,QUEENSTOWN,MD. RP GASBARRE, LC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 46 IS 1-4 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(93)90049-S PG 11 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA KR281 UT WOS:A1993KR28100007 PM 8484226 ER PT J AU FETTERER, RH RHOADS, ML AF FETTERER, RH RHOADS, ML TI BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE NEMATODE CUTICLE - RELEVANCE TO PARASITIC NEMATODES OF LIVESTOCK SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON OSTERTAGIA CY MAR 01-04, 1992 CL UNIV MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK, MD SP AMER ASSOC VET PARASITOLOGISTS, USDA, AGR RES SERV, ANIM HLTH PHARM IND HO UNIV MARYLAND ID CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; INFECTIVE LARVAE; ASCARIS CUTICLE; COLLAGEN GENES; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; STRUCTURAL PROTEIN; AMINO-ACID; SURFACE AB The cuticle of nematodes is a thin, flexible outer covering composed primarily of protein with trace amounts of lipid and carbohydrate. There has been considerable recent interest in the biochemistry, immunology and molecular biology of the cuticle of parasitic nematodes because of its role as an interface between parasite and host. The cuticle consists of: (1) collagen-like proteins that form the medial and basal layers; (2) non-collagen proteins that form the epicuticular and external cortical regions; (3) non-structural proteins associated with the external surface. The collagen-like proteins are solubilized by reducing agents, have molecular weights of 30-120 kDa and exhibit stage and species variations. Nematode collagen genes, however, code only for proteins with molecular weights of 30 kDa. The non-collagenous proteins, referred to as cuticlin, exhibit unusual chemical properties as indicated by their resistance to solubilization even under strongly denaturing conditions. Recent studies of Ascaris suum have demonstrated the presence of tyrosine-derived cross-links, dityrosine and isotrityrosine, that may form the linkage between subunits in assemblage of the collagenous and non-collagenous structural components of the cuticle. A peroxidase enzyme has been implicated in the synthesis of these cross-links. Recent I-125 labeling studies of Haemonchus contortus have identified and characterized stage-specific proteins on the cuticular surface. RP FETTERER, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 46 IS 1-4 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(93)90051-N PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA KR281 UT WOS:A1993KR28100009 PM 8484203 ER PT J AU MASON, PW BAXT, B BROWN, F HARBER, J MURDIN, A WIMMER, E AF MASON, PW BAXT, B BROWN, F HARBER, J MURDIN, A WIMMER, E TI ANTIBODY-COMPLEXED FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS, BUT NOT POLIOVIRUS, CAN INFECT NORMALLY UNSUSCEPTIBLE CELLS VIA THE FC RECEPTOR SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; HELA-CELLS; DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RHINOVIRUS RECEPTOR; ATTACHMENT SITE; NEUTRALIZATION; SURFACE; REPLICATION C1 USDA ARS, PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR, GREENPORT, NY 11944 USA. SUNY STONY BROOK, DEPT MICROBIOL, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. NR 66 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB PY 1993 VL 192 IS 2 BP 568 EP 577 DI 10.1006/viro.1993.1073 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA KG754 UT WOS:A1993KG75400019 PM 8380665 ER PT J AU CORDELL, HK BERGSTROM, JC AF CORDELL, HK BERGSTROM, JC TI COMPARISON OF RECREATION USE VALUES AMONG ALTERNATIVE RESERVOIR WATER LEVEL MANAGEMENT SCENARIOS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VALUATION AB Throughout the United States, reservoirs are managed for multiple uses, including hydropower, stream flow regulation, flood control, and recreation. Water level drawdowns for hydropower, stream flow regulation, and flood control often reduce the suitability of reservoirs for water-based recreation. The gain in aggregate economic use value of outdoor recreation under three alternative water level management scenarios was measured for four reservoirs in western North Carolina as part of an interagency policy analysis. Use values were estimated using a contingent valuation survey and expert panel data. The basic question addressed by this study was whether the value recreational users place on higher water levels held longer into the summer and fall is significantly greater than the value of using these reservoirs as they were managed at the time of this study. Maintaining high water levels for longer periods during the summer and fall was found to result in considerable gains in estimated recreational benefits. While not a primary objective of this study, having these estimates provided us an opportunity to compare increased recreational benefits with the value the Tennessee Valley Authority estimated for the reduced production of electricity that would result if the lakes were manages to hold reservoir levels higher, longer into the year. RP CORDELL, HK (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGR & APPL ECON,USDA,SE FOREST EXPT STN,CONNER HALL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 9 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 29 IS 2 BP 247 EP 258 DI 10.1029/92WR02023 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KM520 UT WOS:A1993KM52000004 ER PT J AU GERKE, HH VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF GERKE, HH VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI A DUAL-POROSITY MODEL FOR SIMULATING THE PREFERENTIAL MOVEMENT OF WATER AND SOLUTES IN STRUCTURED POROUS-MEDIA SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SATURATED FRACTURED TUFF; SANDY VADOSE ZONE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; THERMOHYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS; SUBSURFACE STORMFLOW; ADVECTION-DISPERSION; FORESTED HILLSLOPE; UNSATURATED ZONE; MACROPOROUS SOIL; CLAY SOIL AB A one-dimensional dual-porosity model has been developed for the purpose of studying variably saturated water flow and solute transport in structured soils or fractured rocks. The model involves two overlaying continua at the macroscopic level: a macropore or fracture pore system and a less permeable matrix pore system. Water in both pore systems is assumed to be mobile. Variably saturated water flow in the matrix as well as in the fracture pore system is described with the Richards' equation, and solute transport is described with the convection-dispersion equation. Transfer of water and solutes between the two pore regions is simulated by means of first-order rate equations. The mass transfer term for solute transport includes both convective and diffusive components. The formulation leads to two coupled systems of nonlinear partial differential equations which were solved numerically using the Galerkin finite element method. Simulation results demonstrate the complicated nature of solute leaching in structured, unsaturated porous media during transient water flow. Sensitivity studies show the importance of having accurate estimates of the hydraulic conductivity near the surface of soil aggregates or rock matrix blocks. The proposed model is capable of simulating preferential flow situations using parameters which can be related to physical and chemical properties of the medium. C1 USDA ARS,SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 82 TC 573 Z9 589 U1 25 U2 163 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 29 IS 2 BP 305 EP 319 DI 10.1029/92WR02339 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KM520 UT WOS:A1993KM52000009 ER PT J AU SIMUNEK, J SUAREZ, DL AF SIMUNEK, J SUAREZ, DL TI MODELING OF CARBON-DIOXIDE TRANSPORT AND PRODUCTION IN SOIL .1. MODEL DEVELOPMENT SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITIONAL MULTIPHASE MODEL; UNSATURATED ZONE; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PETROLEUM-PRODUCTS; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; POROUS-MEDIA; WATER-FLOW; RESPIRATION; TEMPERATURE AB Knowledge of the CO2 concentration in the unsaturated zone is essential for prediction of solution chemistry in the vadose zone and groundwater recharge as well as for quantifying carbon source/sink terms as part of the global CO2 mass balance. In this paper we present a predictive simulation model, SOILCO2, based on process-oriented relationships. The model includes one-dimensional water flow and multiphase transport Of CO2 utilizing the Richards and the convection-dispersion equations, respectively, as well as heat flow and a CO2 production model. The transport of CO2 in the unsaturated zone can occur in both the liquid and gas phases. The gas transport equation accounts for production of CO2 and uptake of CO2 by plant roots associated with root water uptake. The CO2 production model considers both microbial and root respiration which is dependent on water content, temperature, growth, salinity and plant and soil characteristics. Heat flow is included, since some gas transport parameters, partitioning coefficients and production parameters are strongly temperature dependent. The resulting set of partial differential equations is solved numerically using the finite element and finite difference methods. RP SIMUNEK, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011 NR 59 TC 159 Z9 168 U1 7 U2 43 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 29 IS 2 BP 487 EP 497 DI 10.1029/92WR02225 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KM520 UT WOS:A1993KM52000025 ER PT J AU SUAREZ, DL SIMUNEK, J AF SUAREZ, DL SIMUNEK, J TI MODELING OF CARBON-DIOXIDE TRANSPORT AND PRODUCTION IN SOIL .2. PARAMETER SELECTION, SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS, AND COMPARISON OF MODEL PREDICTIONS TO FIELD DATA SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATION; WATER; TEMPERATURE; EVOLUTION AB In paper 1 of this two-paper series (Simunek and Suarez, this issue) we presented a description of the numerical model, SOILCO2, for CO2 transport and production in the unsaturated zone. In paper 2 the model sensitivity to various parameters is evaluated by both steady state and transient simulations, with a range in the parameter values typically found under field conditions. We also select parameter values for optimal plant and microbial CO2 production and production dependence on temperature, water content, osmotic potential and gas composition for plant and microbial respiration, all based on literature review. The predictive capabilities of the SOILCO2 model are evaluated by comparing model simulations to published field data from Missouri for three different crops and two growing seasons under transient conditions as well as a data set collected in Riverside, California, under relatively constant water content at depth. The model provided good prediction of the CO2 flux to the atmosphere as well as the concentrations in the root zone for all data sets. RP SUAREZ, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011 NR 39 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 29 IS 2 BP 499 EP 513 DI 10.1029/92WR02226 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KM520 UT WOS:A1993KM52000026 ER PT J AU GARBRECHT, J MARTZ, LW AF GARBRECHT, J MARTZ, LW TI A COMBINED ALGORITHM FOR AUTOMATED DRAINAGE NETWORK EXTRACTION - COMMENT SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Note C1 UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,DEPT GEOG,SASKATOON S7N 0W0,SASKATCHEWAN,CANADA. RP GARBRECHT, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 29 IS 2 BP 535 EP 536 DI 10.1029/92WR02428 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KM520 UT WOS:A1993KM52000030 ER PT J AU VENCILL, WK GIRAUDO, LJ LANGDALE, GW AF VENCILL, WK GIRAUDO, LJ LANGDALE, GW TI SOIL-MOISTURE RELATIONS AND CRITICAL PERIOD OF CYNODON-DACTYLON (L) PERS (COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS) COMPETITION IN CONSERVATION-TILLAGE COTTON (GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L) SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SESBANIA SESBANIA-EXALTATA; WATER RELATIONS; INTERFERENCE; TIME AB Field experiments were established at the Southern Piedmont Research facility near Watkinsville, GA during 1989 and 1990 to assess the critical period of interspecific interference between different Cynodon dactylon (coastal bermudagrass) densities and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in a conservation-tillage system. Cotton was exposed to coastal bermudagrass for 0, 4,7, 10 and 25 weeks. Cotton height, yield, and soil volumetric water content were examined. Volumetric water content was determined by time domain reflectometry. Cotton height and yields were significantly reduced by exposure to coastal bermudagrass and reduction in cotton productivity increased with increasing coastal bermudagrass density. Soil volumetric water content decreased in the upper 30 cm of soil with increasing coastal bermudagrass density. The critical period of coastal bermudagrass in cotton was determined to be 4 to 7 weeks after planting. C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA. RP VENCILL, WK (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. RI Vencill, William/K-7748-2015 OI Vencill, William/0000-0001-7233-4534 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 33 IS 1 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.1993.tb01921.x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA KK392 UT WOS:A1993KK39200011 ER PT J AU BANUELOS, GS MEAD, R HOFFMAN, GJ AF BANUELOS, GS MEAD, R HOFFMAN, GJ TI ACCUMULATION OF SELENIUM IN WILD MUSTARD IRRIGATED WITH AGRICULTURAL EFFLUENT SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID SALINE DRAINAGE WATER; SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; COTTON; CALIFORNIA; TISSUE; SOIL AB Three field plantings were conducted from April to October 1989 on the western San Joaquin Valley in central California to evaluate the uptake of selenium (Se) and other ions in wild mustard (Brassica juncea L. czern) when irrigated with saline drainage water (EC(i) of 14-18 dS m-1 with an average concentration of 154 mug l-1 Se) or non-saline water (EC(i) of < 0.8 dS m-1 and < 3 mug l-1 Se). Dry weight yields were 25% lower and Se and other element concentrations higher in plants irrigated with drainage than with non-saline water. Irrigating wild mustard with agricultural effluent increases the Se content in plant tissue. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT BIOL SYST ENGN,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP BANUELOS, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,2021 S PEACH,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN 29 PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1016/0167-8809(93)90114-5 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KL888 UT WOS:A1993KL88800003 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, A PELTIER, CZ TORRE, FJ HAKAMIAN, N AF TAYLOR, A PELTIER, CZ TORRE, FJ HAKAMIAN, N TI INHIBITION OF BOVINE LENS LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE BY BESTATIN - NUMBER OF BINDING-SITES AND SLOW BINDING OF THIS INHIBITOR SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TIGHT-BINDING; PROTEIN; ANALOGS; AMASTATIN; PEPTIDES; KIDNEY AB Aminopeptidases catalyze the hydrolysis of amino acid residues from the amino terminus of peptide substrates. Their activity has been implicated in myriad fundamental biochemical and physiological processes, and alterations in aminopeptidase activity have been correlated with a variety of pathologies. Nevertheless, information about this group of proteases is less well developed. Bovine lens leucine aminopeptidase (blLAP) can be considered prototypical of many enzymes in this family of peptidases. It shows common features of (1) requiring divalent metal ions for activity, (2) having a relatively large size, and (3) having slow, relatively tight binding of bestatin, a transition-state analog of the substrate PheLeu. Bovine lens LAP is the only bestatin-inhibitable aminopeptidase for which structural and mechanistic data are available. However, full exploitation of these data required knowledge of the number of inhibitor molecules bound per subunit. Independent direct binding experiments and kinetic determinations indicate that one bestatin is bound per subunit in blLAP. K(i) and K(i)* for formation of the initial and final complexes are approximately 1.1 X 10(-7) and 1.3 X 10(-9) M, respectively. The mode of binding is slow and competitive. The t1/2 for formation and deformation of the final enzyme-inhibitor complex is approximately 30 and 22 min, respectively, with 10(-8) M bestatin. To perform these measures, a new assay using physiological peptides (LeuGlyGly) as substrate was adapted. Taken together with prior NMR, photoaffinity labeling, and crystallographic data, these binding data allow us to propose a mechanism of the blLAP-catalyzed hydrolysis of peptides. C1 SPRINGFIELD COLL,DEPT BIOL & CHEM,SPRINGFIELD,MA 01101. RP TAYLOR, A (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTR & VIS RES,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY02842, EY522361] NR 43 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JAN 26 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 3 BP 784 EP 790 DI 10.1021/bi00054a007 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA KJ644 UT WOS:A1993KJ64400007 PM 8422382 ER PT J AU CALVO, ES WURTELE, ES SHOEMAKER, RC AF CALVO, ES WURTELE, ES SHOEMAKER, RC TI ISOLATION AND ANALYSIS OF EXPRESSION OF GROUP-1 LATE EMBRYOGENIC ABUNDANT (LEA) GENES IN SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX L) SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,FCR,AMES,IA 50010. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 26 PY 1993 SU 17B BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KN465 UT WOS:A1993KN46500087 ER PT J AU FISHER, RH BARTON, K COHEN, JD POETHIG, RS COOKE, TJ AF FISHER, RH BARTON, K COHEN, JD POETHIG, RS COOKE, TJ TI MICROSURGICAL AND HORMONAL ANALYSES OF AN ARABIDOPSIS MUTANT ALTERED IN ORGAN ELONGATION SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV PENN,DEPT BIOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 26 PY 1993 SU 17B BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KN465 UT WOS:A1993KN46500092 ER PT J AU JACKSON, D HAKE, S AF JACKSON, D HAKE, S TI EXPRESSION OF HOMEOBOX CONTAINING GENES DURING MAIZE DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 26 PY 1993 SU 17B BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KN465 UT WOS:A1993KN46500098 ER PT J AU LINCOLN, C HUBBARD, L HAKE, S AF LINCOLN, C HUBBARD, L HAKE, S TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A KNOTTED-1 HOMOLOG IN ARABIDOPSIS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 26 PY 1993 SU 17B BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KN465 UT WOS:A1993KN46500103 ER PT J AU SINHA, N HAKE, S AF SINHA, N HAKE, S TI CLONING, MAPPING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HOMEOBOX CONTAINING SEQUENCES IN TOMATO SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BOSTON UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BOSTON,MA 02215. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 26 PY 1993 SU 17B BP 36 EP 36 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KN465 UT WOS:A1993KN46500123 ER PT J AU SMITH, LG HAKE, S AF SMITH, LG HAKE, S TI THE EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION OF THE KNOTTED-1 HOMEOBOX GENE DURING MAIZE EMBRYOGENESIS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 26 PY 1993 SU 17B BP 36 EP 36 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KN465 UT WOS:A1993KN46500124 ER PT J AU HOMMA, M WADDELL, C BAKER, B AF HOMMA, M WADDELL, C BAKER, B TI HIGH-FREQUENCY GERMINAL TRANSPOSITION OF D(S)(ALS) IN ARABIDOPSIS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UC BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 26 PY 1993 SU 17B BP 40 EP 40 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KN465 UT WOS:A1993KN46500140 ER PT J AU MARSHALL, KA ALOSI, MC NEALE, DB AF MARSHALL, KA ALOSI, MC NEALE, DB TI EXPRESSION OF PHYTOCHROME GENES IN DOUGLAS-FIR SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,INST FOREST GENET,BERKELEY,CA 94701. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 26 PY 1993 SU 17B BP 42 EP 42 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KN465 UT WOS:A1993KN46500147 ER PT J AU SZTEIN, AE COHEN, JD SLOVIN, JP COOKE, TJ AF SZTEIN, AE COHEN, JD SLOVIN, JP COOKE, TJ TI IAA METABOLISM IN LAND PLANTS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 26 PY 1993 SU 17B BP 46 EP 46 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KN465 UT WOS:A1993KN46500165 ER PT J AU DACOSTA, KA COCHARY, EF BLUSZTAJN, JK GARNER, SC ZEISEL, SH AF DACOSTA, KA COCHARY, EF BLUSZTAJN, JK GARNER, SC ZEISEL, SH TI ACCUMULATION OF 1,2-SN-DIRADYLGLYCEROL WITH INCREASED MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-KINASE-C MAY BE THE MECHANISM FOR SPONTANEOUS HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS IN CHOLINE-DEFICIENT RATS SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIVER-GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE; FED METHYL-DEFICIENT; DEVOID DIET; HUMAN-NEUTROPHILS; PHOSPHOLIPASE-C; FATTY-ACIDS; TRANSFORMED FIBROBLASTS; METHOTREXATE TREATMENT; LINKED DIGLYCERIDES; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AB Choline deficiency, via deprivation of labile methyl groups, is associated with a greatly increased incidence of hepatocarcinoma in experimental animals. This dietary deficiency also causes fatty liver, because choline is needed for hepatic secretion of lipoproteins. We hypothesized that fatty liver might be associated with the accumulation of 1,2-sn-diradylglycerol and subsequent activation of protein kinase C. Several lines of evidence indicate that cancers might develop secondary to abnormalities in protein kinase C-mediated signal transduction. We observed that rats fed a choline-deficient diet for 1, 6, or 27 weeks had increased hepatic concentrations of 1,2-diradylglycerol. At 1 and 6 weeks, hepatic plasma membrane from choline-deficient rats had increased concentrations of 1,2-sn-diacylglycerol and 1-alkyl, 2-acylglycerol, with the latter accounting for 20-26% of membrane 1,2-sn-diradylglycerol (as compared with only 2-5% in controls). Protein kinase C activity was increased in hepatic plasma membrane at 1 week of choline deficiency. By Western blotting there was an increase in the amount of protein kinase C zeta and a decrease in the amount of protein kinase C delta in liver at 1 week. By 6 weeks of choline deficiency, hepatic plasma membrane and cytosolic protein kinase C (PKC) activities were increased significantly, with increased amounts of hepatic plasma membrane protein kinase C alpha, and delta detected by Western blotting. Glycogen synthase activity in liver was diminished after 1 week of choline deficiency; this enzyme is inhibited by PKC-mediated phosphorylation. We suggest that choline deficiency perturbed PKC-mediated transmembrane signaling within liver and that this contributed to the development of hepatic cancer in these animals. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA, SCH PUBL HLTH, DEPT NUTR, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27599 USA. TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. BOSTON UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT PATHOL, BOSTON, MA 02118 USA. UNIV N CAROLINA, SCH MED, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27599 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD16727] NR 85 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JAN 25 PY 1993 VL 268 IS 3 BP 2100 EP 2105 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA KH620 UT WOS:A1993KH62000090 PM 8420980 ER PT J AU KONISHI, H NEFF, WE MOUNTS, TL AF KONISHI, H NEFF, WE MOUNTS, TL TI CORRELATION OF REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY AND GAS-LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR FATTY-ACID COMPOSITIONS OF SOME VEGETABLE-OILS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FLAME IONIZATION DETECTOR; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS AB The triacylglycerol compositions of six genetically modified soybean oils, and commercial soybean, com, safflower and sunflower oils were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with flame ionization detection. Triacylglycerol molecular species were identified based on theoretical carbon numbers. Fatty acid compositions of the above soybean oils were estimated from concentrations of the triacylglycerol molecular species. Fatty acid composition was calculated by multiplying the concentration of each triacylglycerol by the percent of each fatty acid species in the triacylglycerol molecule. The fatty acid composition calculated from triacylglycerol analysis was compared with the composition determined by gas-liquid chromatography. There was good agreement between the fatty acid composition as calculated from the high-performance liquid chromatographic data and as determined by gas-liquid chromatography. These results support the findings that triacylglycerol molecular species could be identified based on theoretical carbon numbers and that fatty acid composition of soybean oil can be obtained from the data of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with flame ionization detection. The triacylglycerol composition for soybean oil obtained by this procedure required no response factors for quantitation. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD JAN 22 PY 1993 VL 629 IS 2 BP 237 EP 241 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)87037-M PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KJ729 UT WOS:A1993KJ72900013 ER PT J AU HUANG, LL JAHNGENHODGE, J TAYLOR, A AF HUANG, LL JAHNGENHODGE, J TAYLOR, A TI BOVINE LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS HAVE A UBIQUITIN-DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS SYSTEM SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE UBIQUITIN; PROTEOLYSIS; LENS; DAMAGED OR OBSOLETE PROTEIN TURNOVER ID PROTEIN LIGASE SYSTEM; CYCLE MUTANT TS85; ACTIVATING ENZYME; RABBIT RETICULOCYTES; EYE LENS; AFFINITY PURIFICATION; CONJUGATING ENZYME; ABNORMAL PROTEINS; ATP; DEGRADATION AB Lens cells must remove obsolete or damaged proteins produced during development, maturation and aging to maintain lens transparency. In reticulocytes removal of abnormal or obsolete proteins is thought to involve a ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. Two hallmarks of ubiquitin (Ub) dependent proteolysis have previously been demonstrated in lens cell or tissue supernatants: (1) the presence of ubiquitin conjugates, and (2) ATP-dependent proteolysis. Nevertheless, conclusive proof was lacking of a requirement for ubiquitination of substrate proteins for proteolysis. Here we show that in bovine lens epithelial cell (BLEC) supernatant, ATP-dependent proteolysis is also ubiquitin-dependent. Ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), the first enzyme in the cascade of ubiquitin ligation, was purified over 3000-fold from a rabbit reticulocyte lysate using Ubiquitin-Sepharose, and showed ATP-PP(i) exchange activity. Antiserum to El was prepared in goats and affinity-purified on Protein G-Sepharose. Western blot analysis revealed that both the goat antiserum and purified antibody (anti-E1(IgG)) recognize specifically E1. Anti-El(IgG) inhibits 86% of the ATP-dependent degradation of labeled histone H2A in reticulocyte lysate and 75% of the ATP-dependent degradation in BLEC. Upon reconstitution with purified El, 100% and 80% of proteolysis was restored in reticulocytes and BLEC supernatant, respectively. This confirms that there is a ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system in lens. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR & VIS RES LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. FU PHS HHS [522360] NR 50 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3002 J9 BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA PD JAN 17 PY 1993 VL 1175 IS 2 BP 181 EP 187 DI 10.1016/0167-4889(93)90021-G PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA KH713 UT WOS:A1993KH71300007 PM 8380340 ER PT J AU JUDD, AK SADOWSKY, MJ BHAGWAT, AA CREGAN, PB LIU, RL AF JUDD, AK SADOWSKY, MJ BHAGWAT, AA CREGAN, PB LIU, RL TI ISOLATION OF A BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM SEROGROUP-123 MUTANT WHICH HAS AN EXTENDED HOST RANGE FOR NODULATION-RESTRICTING SOYBEAN GENOTYPES SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; NODULATION; HOST RANGE-EXTENSION; SEROGROUP-123; NODULATION-RESTRICTION; SOYBEAN PLANT INTRODUCTION GENOTYPES ID TRANSPOSON MUTAGENESIS; GENE AB We have isolated a Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 438 (serogroup 123) mutant which has the ability to form nodules on serogroup 123 nodulation-restricting plant introduction genotypes and soybeans containing the Rj4 allele. The identity of the mutant was confirmed by using a serocluster 123-specific DNA probe, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and serogroup-specific fluorescent antibodies. While the mutant contains Tn5 inserted into a cryptic, non nod gene-containing locus, site-directed mutagenesis and complementation studies indicated that the transposon is not responsible for host-range extension. The mutant and the wild-type parent had the same chromatographic profiles of [C-14]acetate-labelled extracellular B. japonicum nod factors. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,1991 UPPER BUFORD CIRCLE,246 BORLAUG HALL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC W,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MINNESOTA,MICROBIAL ENGN PROGRAM,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MICROBIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 1993 VL 106 IS 2 BP 205 EP 209 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KL417 UT WOS:A1993KL41700015 ER PT J AU SINCLAIR, TR RANDALL, HC AF SINCLAIR, TR RANDALL, HC TI NITROGEN AND BIOMASS ACCUMULATION BY ALFALFA UNDER HIGH-TEMPERATURES OF LATE SUMMER SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RADIATION AB A ''summer slump'' has been commonly observed in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ) whereby biomass accumulation in the late summer was decreased. It was hypothesized that high soil temperature in late summer may be deleterious to nitrogen fixation so that alfalfa plants become nitrogen limited. To examine this hypothesis, late-summer soil temperature treatments of 17 or 23-degrees-C were imposed on plants grown in the field at Gainesville, FL. Late-summer ambient soil temperatures are frequently greater than 33-degrees-C at this location. No evidence was obtained in this 2-year study that cooling the soil resulted in either greater nitrogen or biomass accumulation. To explain the summer slump, the relationship between biomass accumulation and amount of incident solar radiation was examined and found to be unchanged through the growing season (0.35 g MJ-1 in 1987 and 0.31 g MJ-1 in 1988). It was concluded that the summer slump under these conditions was a consequence of decreased incident solar radiation during the late summer, rather than any physiological adjustment by the alfalfa plants. RP SINCLAIR, TR (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,AGRON PHYSIOL LAB,BLDG 164,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD JAN 15 PY 1993 VL 31 IS 3-4 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(93)90067-W PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KC550 UT WOS:A1993KC55000006 ER PT J AU PETERSEN, DJ CARY, JW VANDERLEYDEN, J BENNETT, GN AF PETERSEN, DJ CARY, JW VANDERLEYDEN, J BENNETT, GN TI SEQUENCE AND ARRANGEMENT OF GENES ENCODING ENZYMES OF THE ACETONE-PRODUCTION PATHWAY OF CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM ATCC-824 SO GENE LA English DT Note DE RECOMBINANT DNA; CLOSTRIDIA; CODON BIAS; SOLVENT ID ACETOACETATE DECARBOXYLASE GENE; COENZYME-A-TRANSFERASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SOLVENT PRODUCTION; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; DEHYDROGENASE; BUTYRATE; ACETATE; CLONING; PURIFICATION AB The nucleotide sequence of three open reading frames in the acetone-production locus of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824 has been established. The three gene products, corresponding to acetoacetate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.4) and both subunits of the acetoacetyl-CoA:acetate/butyrate:CoA transferase (EC 2.8.3.9) are transcribed in two convergently arranged operons. The intervening DNA region separating the two transcripts is characterized by an inverted repeat which appears capable of forming a stem-loop structure functioning as a Rho-independent transcription terminator in both directions. C1 RICE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & CELL BIOL,POB 1892,HOUSTON,TX 77251. KV LEUVEN,FA JANSSENS LAB GENET,B-3001 HEVERLEE,BELGIUM. USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD JAN 15 PY 1993 VL 123 IS 1 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90545-E PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA KJ553 UT WOS:A1993KJ55300015 PM 8423010 ER PT J AU VOLK, TJ AF VOLK, TJ TI ALLITERATION ACCIDENTAL SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP VOLK, TJ (reprint author), USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,CTR FOREST MYCOL RES,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 15 PY 1993 VL 259 IS 5093 BP 295 EP 295 DI 10.1126/science.259.5093.295-a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KG624 UT WOS:A1993KG62400007 PM 17832331 ER PT J AU SOMMERFELD, RA MOSIER, AR MUSSELMAN, RC AF SOMMERFELD, RA MOSIER, AR MUSSELMAN, RC TI CO2, CH4 AND N2O FLUX THROUGH A WYOMING SNOWPACK AND IMPLICATIONS FOR GLOBAL BUDGETS SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; NITROUS-OXIDE; METHANE; SOILS AB INCREASING atmospheric concentrations of the three main greenhouse gases-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-account for about 70% of anticipated global warming1, but the production consumption budgets are not balanced for any of these gases2. Snow can cover between 44 and 53% of the land area of the Northern Hemisphere3 and may be several metres deep in alpine and sub-alpine regions for more than half the year. Most trace-gas budgets assume that trace-gas exchange stops when soil is snow covered or soil temperatures drop to approximately 0-degrees-C (refs 4, 5). Thus alpine and sub-alpine soils are generally considered to be net sinks for atmospheric CO2. Some reports6,7, however, suggest that soil microorganisms beneath the snow continue to respire at temperatures close to 0-degrees-C. Here we present evidence that the soils under alpine and sub-alpine snowpacks emit CO2 and N2O and take up atmospheric CH4 throughout the snow-covered period. These fluxes represent an important part of the annual trace-gas budget for these ecosystems. C1 USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP SOMMERFELD, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,240 W PROSPECT RD,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 23 TC 307 Z9 342 U1 2 U2 52 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 14 PY 1993 VL 361 IS 6408 BP 140 EP 142 DI 10.1038/361140a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KG466 UT WOS:A1993KG46600054 ER PT J AU ATALLA, RH HACKNEY, JM VANDERHART, DL AF ATALLA, RH HACKNEY, JM VANDERHART, DL TI THE HEMICELLULOSES AS STRUCTURE REGULATORS IN THE PLANT-CELL WALL SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST SCI & TECHNOL, FOREST PROD LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. US FOREST SERV, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 9 PY 1993 SU 17A BP 14 EP 14 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KN464 UT WOS:A1993KN46400036 ER PT J AU DIXON, DC AF DIXON, DC TI THE INFLUENCE OF PLANT-GROWTH REGULATORS ON CELL-WALL ORGANIZATION IN DEVELOPING COTTON FIBERS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 9 PY 1993 SU 17A BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KN464 UT WOS:A1993KN46400055 ER PT J AU SEAGULL, RW AF SEAGULL, RW TI TIP SYNTHESIS VERSES INTERCALARY GROWTH IN YOUNG DEVELOPING COTTON FIBERS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 9 PY 1993 SU 17A BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KN464 UT WOS:A1993KN46400068 ER PT J AU HATFIELD, RD RALPH, J GRABBER, J JUNG, HJ AF HATFIELD, RD RALPH, J GRABBER, J JUNG, HJ TI STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ISOLATED CORN LIGNINS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 9 PY 1993 SU 17A BP 28 EP 28 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KN464 UT WOS:A1993KN46400093 ER PT J AU RALPH, J HATFIELD, RD HELM, RF QUIDEAU, S JUNG, HJ AF RALPH, J HATFIELD, RD HELM, RF QUIDEAU, S JUNG, HJ TI DETERMINATION OF THE REGIOCHEMISTRY OF INCORPORATION OF HYDROXYCINNAMOYL ESTERS INTO SYNTHETIC LIGNINS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 9 PY 1993 SU 17A BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KN464 UT WOS:A1993KN46400101 ER PT J AU TERASHIMA, N NAKAO, M ATALLA, RH AF TERASHIMA, N NAKAO, M ATALLA, RH TI A NEW PREPARATION OF DHP (DEHYDROGENATIVE POLYMER OF LIGNOL) FROM ITS GLUCOSIDE SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NAGOYA UNIV,FAC AGR,NAGOYA,AICHI 464,JAPAN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 9 PY 1993 SU 17A BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KN464 UT WOS:A1993KN46400105 ER PT J AU TRIPLETT, BA AF TRIPLETT, BA TI AFFINITY PURIFICATION OF BIOTINYLATED COTTON FIBER CELL-SURFACE COMPONENTS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,FIBER PHYS & BIOCHEM RES,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 9 PY 1993 SU 17A BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KN464 UT WOS:A1993KN46400106 ER PT J AU CRAN, DG JOHNSON, LA MILLER, NGA COCHRANE, D POLGE, C AF CRAN, DG JOHNSON, LA MILLER, NGA COCHRANE, D POLGE, C TI PRODUCTION OF BOVINE CALVES FOLLOWING SEPARATION OF X-CHROMOSOME AND Y-CHROMOSOME BEARING SPERM AND INVITRO FERTILIZATION SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Note ID MAMMALIAN SPERM; DNA; SEX C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INST ANIM PHYSIOL & GENET RES,CAMBRIDGE CB2 4AT,ENGLAND. RP CRAN, DG (reprint author), ANIM BIOTECHNOL CAMBRIDGE,307 HUNTINGDON RD,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0JQ,ENGLAND. NR 10 TC 111 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 6 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD JAN 9 PY 1993 VL 132 IS 2 BP 40 EP 41 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KG578 UT WOS:A1993KG57800006 PM 8442336 ER PT J AU STEVENS, MG OLSEN, SC AF STEVENS, MG OLSEN, SC TI COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS OF USING MTT AND XTT IN COLORIMETRIC ASSAYS FOR QUANTITATING BOVINE NEUTROPHIL BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE BACTERICIDAL ASSAY; COLORIMETRIC ASSAY; MTT; XTT AB Two different tetrazolium compounds were compared for use in a colorimetric assay for quantitating bovine neutrophil bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Brucella abortus. The tetrazolium compounds tested included 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and sodium 3,3'-[1[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene sulfonic acid hydrate (XTT). The MTT and XTT colorimetric bactericidal assays were conducted by incubating antibody-opsonized bacteria with neutrophils in microtiter plates for 30 and 60 min at ratios of ten and 100 bacteria per neutrophil. Neutrophils were then lysed with saponin and samples were incubated 30 min with MTT or XTT plus coenzyme Q (CQ). Dead bacteria and lysed neutrophils did not react with MTT or XTT plus CQ. five bacteria converted XTT to water soluble orange formazan in the presence of CQ and MTT to insoluble purple formazan. Absorption of formazan produced by bacteria from XTT was measured at 450 nm. Formazan produced by bacteria from MTT was solubilized by adding isopropanol and measured by absorption at 560 nm. Absorption of both types of formazan was directly related to viable bacteria cell number and used to determine the number of bacteria not killed by neutrophils. The percentage of bacteria killed by neutrophils was determined by extrapolation from a standard formazan curve that was derived by incubating MTT or XTT plus CQ with known numbers of bacteria. The XTT and MTT colorimetric bactericidal assays produced comparable results when used to measure bovine neutrophil bactericidal activity against S. aureus, E. coli, L. monocytogenes, and B. abortus. However, the assay using XTT was quicker and easier to perform because bacteria converted XTT to a formazan that did not need to be solubilized before measuring absorption. RP STEVENS, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NADC,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 13 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD JAN 4 PY 1993 VL 157 IS 1-2 BP 225 EP 231 DI 10.1016/0022-1759(93)90091-K PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA KJ505 UT WOS:A1993KJ50500029 PM 8423367 ER PT B AU CAMP, CR BUSSCHER, WJ SADLER, EJ AF CAMP, CR BUSSCHER, WJ SADLER, EJ BE Goyal, SP Nadarassan, A TI MICROIRRIGATION SYSTEMS FOR DEFICIT IRRIGATION IN HUMID AREAS SO 15TH CONGRESS ON IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE - WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE NEXT CENTURY, VOLS 1A - 1D: QUESTION 44 - PLANNING AND DESIGN OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage - Water Management in the Next Century CY 1993 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS SP INT COMMISS IRRIGAT & DRAINAGE C1 USDA ARS,FLORENCE,SC 29502. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT COMMISSION IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE CENTRAL OFFICE PI NEW DELHI PA 48 NYAYA MARG CHANAKYAPURI, NEW DELHI 110 021, INDIA PY 1993 BP 237 EP 249 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Civil; Geography; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Geography; Water Resources GA BC30M UT WOS:A1993BC30M00020 ER PT J AU BOUWER, H AF BOUWER, H BE Goyal, SP Nadarassan, A TI RESOLVING COMPETITION BETWEEN URBAN AND AGRICULTURAL WATER USE SO 15TH CONGRESS ON IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE - WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE NEXT CENTURY, VOLS 1A - 1D: QUESTION 44 - PLANNING AND DESIGN OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage - Water Management in the Next Century CY 1993 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS SP INT COMMISS IRRIGAT & DRAINAGE C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT COMMISSION IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE CENTRAL OFFICE PI NEW DELHI PA 48 NYAYA MARG CHANAKYAPURI, NEW DELHI 110 021, INDIA PY 1993 BP 1429 EP 1437 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Civil; Geography; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Geography; Water Resources GA BC30M UT WOS:A1993BC30M00113 ER PT B AU DEDRICK, AR CLYMA, W TENNEY, OL CLEMMENS, AJ GIBSON, RD LEVINE, DB REPLOGLE, JA RISH, SA WARE, RE WILSON, PN AF DEDRICK, AR CLYMA, W TENNEY, OL CLEMMENS, AJ GIBSON, RD LEVINE, DB REPLOGLE, JA RISH, SA WARE, RE WILSON, PN BE Goyal, SP Nadarassan, A TI A DEMONSTRATION IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM SO 15TH CONGRESS ON IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE - WATER MANAGEMENT IN THE NEXT CENTURY, VOLS 1E - 1F: QUESTION 45 - IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT - INSTITUTIONAL AND FINANCIAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage - Water Management in the Next Century CY 1993 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS SP INT COMMISS IRRIGAT & DRAINAGE C1 USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT COMMISSION IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE CENTRAL OFFICE PI NEW DELHI PA 48 NYAYA MARG CHANAKYAPURI, NEW DELHI 110 021, INDIA PY 1993 BP 95 EP 104 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Civil; Geography; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Geography; Water Resources GA BC30N UT WOS:A1993BC30N00007 ER PT S AU WILLIAMS, MJ QUESENBERRY, KH STANLEY, RL PRINE, GM KELLY, CA AF WILLIAMS, MJ QUESENBERRY, KH STANLEY, RL PRINE, GM KELLY, CA BE Faw, W TI EFFECT OF PLANTING DATE ON ESTABLISHMENT AND SPREAD OF RHIZOMA PEANUT SO 1993 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS: THE DOLLARS & SENSE OF FORAGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Meeting: The Dollars and Sense of Forages CY MAR 29-31, 1993 CL DES MOINES, IA SP AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, IOWA FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34605. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1993 VL 2 BP 7 EP 11 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BB01E UT WOS:A1993BB01E00007 ER PT S AU MASTERS, RA STOUGAARD, RN NISSEN, SJ AF MASTERS, RA STOUGAARD, RN NISSEN, SJ BE Faw, W TI WARM-SEASON GRASS ESTABLISHMENT WITH ATRAZINE, IMAZAPYR, AND IMAZETHAPYR SO 1993 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS: THE DOLLARS & SENSE OF FORAGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Meeting: The Dollars and Sense of Forages CY MAR 29-31, 1993 CL DES MOINES, IA SP AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, IOWA FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1993 VL 2 BP 12 EP 14 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BB01E UT WOS:A1993BB01E00008 ER PT J AU MASTERS, RA AF MASTERS, RA BE Faw, W TI IMPROVING BIG BLUESTEM ESTABLISHMENT WITH METOLACHLOR AND ATRAZINE SO 1993 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS: THE DOLLARS & SENSE OF FORAGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Meeting: The Dollars and Sense of Forages CY MAR 29-31, 1993 CL DES MOINES, IA SP AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, IOWA FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1993 VL 2 BP 15 EP 19 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BB01E UT WOS:A1993BB01E00009 ER PT J AU BELESKY, DP FEDDERS, JM TURNER, KE AF BELESKY, DP FEDDERS, JM TURNER, KE BE Faw, W TI DYNAMICS OF AN ORCHARDGRASS - WHITE CLOVER CANOPY SO 1993 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS: THE DOLLARS & SENSE OF FORAGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Meeting: The Dollars and Sense of Forages CY MAR 29-31, 1993 CL DES MOINES, IA SP AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, IOWA FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL C1 USDA ARS,BECKLEY,WV 25802. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1993 VL 2 BP 76 EP 80 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BB01E UT WOS:A1993BB01E00025 ER PT J AU TURNER, KE BELESKY, DP FEDDERS, JM AF TURNER, KE BELESKY, DP FEDDERS, JM BE Faw, W TI BACKGROUNDING AND FINISHING LAMBS ON GRASS LEGUME PASTURES SO 1993 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS: THE DOLLARS & SENSE OF FORAGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Meeting: The Dollars and Sense of Forages CY MAR 29-31, 1993 CL DES MOINES, IA SP AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, IOWA FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1993 VL 2 BP 100 EP 103 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BB01E UT WOS:A1993BB01E00031 ER PT S AU ROTZ, CA HARRIGAN, TM TILLOTSON, RJ AF ROTZ, CA HARRIGAN, TM TILLOTSON, RJ BE Faw, W TI HAY PRESERVATION IN VENTILATED BALES SO 1993 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS: THE DOLLARS & SENSE OF FORAGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Meeting: The Dollars and Sense of Forages CY MAR 29-31, 1993 CL DES MOINES, IA SP AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, IOWA FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1993 VL 2 BP 112 EP 116 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BB01E UT WOS:A1993BB01E00034 ER PT S AU HOPKINS, AA VOGEL, KP MOORE, KJ JOHNSON, KD CARLSON, IT AF HOPKINS, AA VOGEL, KP MOORE, KJ JOHNSON, KD CARLSON, IT BE Faw, W TI GENOTYPE AND GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION EFFECTS ON FORAGE YIELD OF SWITCHGRASS IN THE MIDWESTERN STATES SO 1993 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS: THE DOLLARS & SENSE OF FORAGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Meeting: The Dollars and Sense of Forages CY MAR 29-31, 1993 CL DES MOINES, IA SP AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, IOWA FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1993 VL 2 BP 184 EP 187 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BB01E UT WOS:A1993BB01E00050 ER PT J AU MOORE, KJ VOGEL, KP KAEPPLER, SM AF MOORE, KJ VOGEL, KP KAEPPLER, SM BE Faw, W TI DETERMINING PLOIDY LEVEL OF PERENNIAL GRASSES WITH NIRS SO 1993 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS: THE DOLLARS & SENSE OF FORAGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Meeting: The Dollars and Sense of Forages CY MAR 29-31, 1993 CL DES MOINES, IA SP AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, IOWA FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68588. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1993 VL 2 BP 188 EP 191 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BB01E UT WOS:A1993BB01E00051 ER PT J AU TOY, JJ PEDERSEN, JF MOORE, KJ LEE, RD AF TOY, JJ PEDERSEN, JF MOORE, KJ LEE, RD BE Faw, W TI FERTILITY AND FORAGE YIELD OF SORGHUM HYBRIDS IN A1 AND A3 CYTOPLASM SO 1993 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS: THE DOLLARS & SENSE OF FORAGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Meeting: The Dollars and Sense of Forages CY MAR 29-31, 1993 CL DES MOINES, IA SP AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, IOWA FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68588. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1993 VL 2 BP 192 EP 195 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BB01E UT WOS:A1993BB01E00052 ER PT J AU VOGEL, KP MOORE, KJ AF VOGEL, KP MOORE, KJ BE Faw, W TI QUANTIFYING ECONOMIC VALUE OF FORAGE BREEDING PROGRAMS SO 1993 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS: THE DOLLARS & SENSE OF FORAGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Meeting: The Dollars and Sense of Forages CY MAR 29-31, 1993 CL DES MOINES, IA SP AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, IOWA FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1993 VL 2 BP 201 EP 205 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BB01E UT WOS:A1993BB01E00054 ER PT J AU HARRELSON, LL HAMMOND, AC WILLIAMS, MJ KUNKLE, WE JOHNSON, DD PRESTON, RL MILLER, MF AF HARRELSON, LL HAMMOND, AC WILLIAMS, MJ KUNKLE, WE JOHNSON, DD PRESTON, RL MILLER, MF BE Faw, W TI PERFORMANCE, DIET SELECTION AND CARCASS QUALITY OF STEERS FINISHED ON RHIZOMA PEANUT SO 1993 AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS: THE DOLLARS & SENSE OF FORAGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Meeting: The Dollars and Sense of Forages CY MAR 29-31, 1993 CL DES MOINES, IA SP AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL, IOWA FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34605. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 1993 VL 2 BP 224 EP 228 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BB01E UT WOS:A1993BB01E00060 ER PT J AU MERTENS, DR AF MERTENS, DR GP CORNELL UNIV TI IMPORTANCE OF THE DETERGENT SYSTEM OF FEED ANALYSES FOR IMPROVING ANIMAL NUTRITION SO 1993 CORNELL NUTRITION CONFERENCE FOR FEED MANUFACTURERS: PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Cornell Nutrition Conference for feed Manufacturers CY OCT 19-21, 1993 CL ROCHESTER, NY SP ADM BIOCHEM PROD DIV, AGWAY INC, CARL S AKEY INC, A L LABS INC, ALLTECH INC, H J BAKER & BRO INC, BASF WYANDOTTE CORP, BIOPRODUCTS INC, BLUE SEAL FEEDS INC, CARGILL INC, NUTRENA FEED DIV C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CORNELL UNIV DEPT ANIMAL SCIENCE PI ITHACA PA 272 MORRISON HALL, ITHACA, NY 14853-4801 PY 1993 BP 25 EP 36 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Nutrition & Dietetics; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Nutrition & Dietetics; Veterinary Sciences GA BZ42N UT WOS:A1993BZ42N00004 ER PT J AU MCGUIRE, M AF MCGUIRE, M GP UNIV ILLINOIS URBANA CHAMPAIGN, COLL AGR TI INSECT PATHOGENS AS BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS - BEYOND CHEMICAL FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION SO 1993 ILLINOIS AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES CONFERENCE: SUMMARIES OF PRESENTATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Illinois Agricultural Pesticides Conference CY JAN 06-07, 1993 CL URBANA, IL SP UNIV ILLINOIS URBANA CHAMPAIGN, COLL AGR C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ILLINOIS URBANA CHAMPAIGNCOLL AGRICULTURE PI URBANA PA URBANA, IL 61801 PY 1993 BP 60 EP 64 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BA38F UT WOS:A1993BA38F00017 ER PT J AU WANG, T AF WANG, T BE McCarl, HN TI EVALUATION OF RISK STRATEGY - A CASE STUDY OF THE JAPANESE COKING COAL MARKET SO 1993 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MINERAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Professional Conference of the Mineral-Economics-and-Management-Society CY FEB 18-20, 1993 CL RENO, NV SP MINERAL ECON & MANAGEMENT SOC C1 US FOREST SERV,JACKSON,WY 83001. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERAL ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENTSOCIETY PI HOUGHTON PA PO BOX 721, HOUGHTON, MI 49931 PY 1993 BP 142 EP 151 PG 10 WC Business; Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC59B UT WOS:A1993BC59B00018 ER PT S AU INCE, PJ AF INCE, PJ GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI PULPWOOD AND TIMBER TRENDS - OUTLOOK TO 2000 AND BEYOND SO 1993 PULPING CONFERENCE, BOOKS 1-3 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Pulping Conference CY NOV 01-03, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-892-5 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1993 BP 381 EP 389 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BZ67U UT WOS:A1993BZ67U00038 ER PT S AU SPRINGER, EL MCSWEENY, JD AF SPRINGER, EL MCSWEENY, JD GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI BLEACHING KRAFT PULPS WITH PEROXYMONOSULFATE AND OXYGEN SO 1993 PULPING CONFERENCE, BOOKS 1-3 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Pulping Conference CY NOV 01-03, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-892-5 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1993 BP 453 EP 457 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BZ67U UT WOS:A1993BZ67U00046 ER PT S AU WEINSTOCK, IA MINOR, JL REINER, RS AGARWAL, UP ATALLA, RH AF WEINSTOCK, IA MINOR, JL REINER, RS AGARWAL, UP ATALLA, RH GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI FT RAMAN AND UV VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF A HIGHLY SELECTIVE POLYOXOMETALATE BLEACHING SYSTEM SO 1993 PULPING CONFERENCE, BOOKS 1-3 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Pulping Conference CY NOV 01-03, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-892-5 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1993 BP 519 EP 532 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BZ67U UT WOS:A1993BZ67U00054 ER PT S AU WEBBER, CL AF WEBBER, CL GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI KENAF FIBER SUPPLY AS AFFECTED BY NITROGEN APPLICATION AND CULTIVAR SELECTION SO 1993 PULPING CONFERENCE, BOOKS 1-3 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Pulping Conference CY NOV 01-03, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND DE YIELD COMPONENTS; PAPER PULP; FERTILITY; AGRONOMY; HIBISCUS-CANNABINUS L C1 USDA ARS,SCARL,LANE,OK 74555. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-892-5 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1993 BP 581 EP 584 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BZ67U UT WOS:A1993BZ67U00059 ER PT J AU KRASZEWSKI, AW NELSON, SO AF KRASZEWSKI, AW NELSON, SO GP INT MICROWAVE POWER INST TI MICROWAVE PERMITTIVITY OF IN-SHELL PECANS SO 28TH MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS - QUALITY ENHANCEMENTS USING MICROWAVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Microwave Symposium on Quality Enhancements Using Microwaves CY JUL 12-14, 1993 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP INT MICROWAVE POWER INST C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MICROWAVE POWER INST PI MANASSAS PA 10210 LEATHERLEAF COURT, MANASSAS, VA 22111 PY 1993 BP 132 EP 137 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Food Science & Technology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology; Physics GA BB74H UT WOS:A1993BB74H00022 ER PT J AU AGARWAL, UP ATALLA, RH AF AGARWAL, UP ATALLA, RH TI RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPIC EVIDENCE FOR CONIFERYL ALCOHOL STRUCTURES IN BLEACHED AND SULFONATED MECHANICAL PULPS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review AB Light-induced brightness reversion (photoyellowing) is a major drawback in the use of mechanical pulps. Mechanical pulp would otherwise be a desirable substitute for chemical pulp. Photoyellowing processes in high-yield mechanical pulps would be better understood if the identities of light-sensitive units in lignin were known because the interaction of light with lignin is assumed to be the major cause of photoyellowing. The objective of this study was to identify structures that may be responsible for photoyellowing by investigating the nature of lignin in bleached mechanical and sulfonated chemithermomechanical pulps using Raman spectroscopy, which is particularly well suited to the studies of molecular structures that contain aromatic-ring-conjugated bonds, such as lignin. In this study on the Raman spectra of mechanical pulps, a band at approximately 1654 cm-1 was found to be associated with both the alpha,beta C=C bond of coniferyl alcohol and the gamma C=O bond of coniferaldehyde structural units in lignin. In pulp and wood samples, the 1654 cm-1 band intensity varied depending on whether a sample was bleached, sulfonated, or acetylated. The band persisted, with reduced intensity, after most coniferaldehyde units were removed or modified and, therefore, represented contributions from coniferyl alcohol units alone. The 1654 cm-1 band intensity data indicated that the high-yield sulfite pulp had the least aromatic-ring-conjugated double bonds. But even in this case, the residual amount of coniferyl alcohol structures was significant enough to play an important role in the photoyellowing processes. This study showed that the Raman technique is particularly useful in studies of ring-conjugated double bonds in lignocellulosics. RP AGARWAL, UP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 531 BP 26 EP 44 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LQ757 UT WOS:A1993LQ75700002 ER PT J AU SPANIER, AM AF SPANIER, AM TI MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF FOOD QUALITY SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review AB Research in the realm of food quality involves many scientific disciplines from cellular to organ-system physiology, from neural impulse transduction to psychomotor and psychological response, from isolated molecules to their combined biochemical interactions, from mathematics to complex statistical correlations, from negatively impacting microbiological issues to positively impacting microbial safety issues, from simple methods of creating food to complex ones, and from human means of assessing food flavor quality to instrumental methods performing the same objective. For continued growth of our global economy, food scientists need to know the answers to questions such as: What is food flavor and food quality? How are they measured? What mechanisms, such as processing, endogenous factors, outside (external) factors, contribute to the production and loss of food quality? What are some food safety, nutritional and health concerns? What are some of the management and production strategies to enhance food quality? This chapter was written to present the most recent information in response to these questions. RP SPANIER, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 528 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LK205 UT WOS:A1993LK20500003 ER PT J AU STANGELO, AJ AF STANGELO, AJ TI NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC COMPOUNDS FOR FLAVOR QUALITY MAINTENANCE SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE; BEEF; ANTIOXIDANT AB Flavor compounds are formed in meat when lipid constituents are heated during cooking. The resulting products play a major role in determining the distinctive species character of the meat, i. e., in beef, lamb, and pork. When cooked meats are stored at 4-degrees-C, lipids oxidize and produce secondary reaction products that contribute to off-flavor. During this process, called warmed-over flavor, or more recently, meat flavor deterioration (MFD), a loss of desirable meaty flavors and an increase in off-flavors occur. The primary catalysts of lipid oxidation in cooked meat appear to be metal ions or other free radical generating systems. Antioxidants that function primarily as free radical scavengers and those that are chelators were used as probes to investigate the mechanisms involved in MFD. This paper presents results of these studies and compares several classes of antioxidants in retarding lipid oxidation and maintaining flavor. RP STANGELO, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 528 BP 56 EP 77 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LK205 UT WOS:A1993LK20500007 ER PT J AU SPANIER, AM MILLER, JA AF SPANIER, AM MILLER, JA TI ROLE OF PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES IN MEAT FLAVOR SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID OXYGEN RADICALS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; DELICIOUS TASTE; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; DEGRADATION; BEEF; DAMAGE; LYSOSOMES; MONELLIN; MUSCLE AB Human flavor perception is elicited by neurological response to the actions and interactions of food lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Since the main chemical component of muscle foods (meats) are proteins, this research focused on studying the impact of beef proteins and peptides on flavor. Postmortem aging, end-point cooking temperature, storage-after-cooking, factors related to meat structure and handling methods, all affect the protein and peptide composition of beef, thereby affecting meat flavor. Lipid oxidation (LO) and the free radicals generated during LO are involved both directly and indirectly in several of these changes. Experiments using a low molecular weight peptide found in beef (BMP, a beef flavor enhancer) indicate that a correlation exists between BMP loss and LO; the loss of BMP is a secondary result of LO-stimulated proteolysis. Other data presented in this manuscript led to the proposal of a taste receptor model that relates peptide structure to taste perception. RP SPANIER, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 528 BP 78 EP 97 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LK205 UT WOS:A1993LK20500008 ER PT J AU SHIH, FF CAMPBELL, NF AF SHIH, FF CAMPBELL, NF TI ENZYMATIC MODIFICATION OF SOY PROTEINS TO IMPROVE THEIR FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES FOR FOOD USE SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES; BETA-CONGLYCININ; SOYBEAN PROTEIN; GLYCININ; DEAMIDATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; ACID; PEPTIDOGLUTAMINASE; ISOLATE; SUBUNIT AB Soy proteins modified by proteolysis, deamidation, and phosphorylation were characterized to determine the extent of modification and changes in molecular structure. Effects of modification on solubility and emulsifying activity were investigated. Limited proteolysis in treatments with pronase E produced hydrolysates with up to 64 mmoles alpha-amino groups per 100 g protein or 10.2% peptide bond hydrolysis. Also investigated were enzymatic deamidation which occurred with limited proteolysis during germination of soybean seeds. Soy proteins were also phosphorylated by a protein kinase from bovine cardiac muscle. Both deamidation and phosphorylation caused increase in negative charge of the protein and generally resulted in improved functional properties that are essential for use of the proteins in food products. For example, soy proteins with 5-10% peptide bond hydrolysis or 12% deamidation and less than 3% peptide bond hydrolysis could be used as a sodium caseinate substitute in coffee whiteners. RP SHIH, FF (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 528 BP 181 EP 191 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LK205 UT WOS:A1993LK20500016 ER PT J AU BHATNAGAR, D COTTY, PJ CLEVELAND, TE AF BHATNAGAR, D COTTY, PJ CLEVELAND, TE TI PREHARVEST AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION - MOLECULAR STRATEGIES FOR ITS CONTROL SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS CULTURES; VERSICONAL HEMIACETAL ACETATE; LEAF-DERIVED VOLATILES; COTTON BOLLS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; CELL-CULTURES; P53 GENE; FLAVUS; BIOSYNTHESIS; RESISTANCE AB Aflatoxins are carcinogens produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus when these fungi infect crops before and after harvest, thereby contaminating food and feed and threatening both human and animal health. Traditional control methods (such as the use of certain cultural practices, pesticides and resistant varieties), which effectively reduce populations of many plant pests in the field, have not been effective in controlling aflatoxin-producing fungi. Our research, therefore, consists of acquiring knowledge of. 1) the molecular regulation of aflatoxin formation within the fungus, 2) environmental factors and biocompetitive microbes influencing growth of A. flavus and aflatoxin synthesis in crops, and 3) enhancement of host plant resistance to aflatoxin accumulation through understanding the biochemistry of host plant resistance responses. This understanding is expected to lead to development of biocontrol strategies and/or, in longer term research, development of elite crop lines ''immune'' to aflatoxin producing fungi. RP BHATNAGAR, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 93 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 528 BP 272 EP 292 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LK205 UT WOS:A1993LK20500024 ER PT J AU THAYER, DW FOX, JB LAKRITZ, L AF THAYER, DW FOX, JB LAKRITZ, L TI EFFECTS OF IONIZING-RADIATION TREATMENTS ON THE MICROBIOLOGICAL, NUTRITIONAL, AND STRUCTURAL QUALITY OF MEATS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID GAMMA-RADIATION; IRRADIATION; SALMONELLA; CHICKEN; VITAMINS; PORK AB Treating fresh or frozen meats with ionizing radiation is an effective method to reduce or eliminate several species of food-borne human pathogens such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria, Trichinella, and Yersinia. It is possible to produce high quality, shelf-stable, commercially sterile meats. Irradiation dose, processing temperature, and packaging conditions strongly influence the results of irradiation treatments on both microbiological and nutritional quality of meat. These factors are especially important when irradiating fresh non-frozen meats. Radiation doses up to 3.0 kGy have little effect on the vitamin content, enzyme activity, and structure of refrigerated non-frozen chicken meat, but have very substantial effects on food-borne pathogens. Some vitamins, such as thiamin, are very sensitive to ionizing radiation. Thiamin in pork is not significantly affected by the FDA-approved maximum radiation dose to control Trichinella, but at larger doses it is significantly affected. RP THAYER, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 528 BP 292 EP 302 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LK205 UT WOS:A1993LK20500025 ER PT J AU DIONIGI, CP AF DIONIGI, CP TI PHYSIOLOGICAL STRATEGIES TO CONTROL GEOSMIN SYNTHESIS IN CHANNEL CATFISH AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; CYANOBACTERIUM OSCILLATORIA-BREVIS; OFF-FLAVOR; ODOROUS METABOLITE; WATER; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; SUBSTANCES; GROWTH; LAKE; IDENTIFICATION AB Several microbial taxa produce 1alpha,10beta-dimethyl-9alpha-decalol (geosmin) from farnesyl precursors resulting in an intense musty ''off-flavor'' that negatively impacts the flavor quality of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and other food and water Methods to selectively control geosmin production are not available, and the sporadic occurrence of geosmin hinders identification of potential microbial sources of geosmin. Physiological investigations were conducted to provide information necessary to develop molecular controls of geosmin production. Growth of the geosmin-producing filamentous bacterium Streptomyces tendae was inhibited by exogenous farnesol, whereas geosmin did not inhibit growth. Media were identified that both promote and repress geosmin production, and cultures of S. tendae grown on geosmin-promoting media were more resistant to farnesol than cultures grown on media that repress geosmin production, suggesting that geosmin production may provide a mechanism to remove farnesyl moieties. This information is being used to search for non-geosmin producing isolates to competitively exclude problematic strains and to provide sequence information required for gene probes to identify potential sources of geosmin. RP DIONIGI, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 110 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 528 BP 322 EP 335 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LK205 UT WOS:A1993LK20500027 ER PT J AU JOHNSEN, PB AF JOHNSEN, PB TI FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY - MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN - INTRODUCTION SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material RP JOHNSEN, PB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 528 BP R13 EP R14 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LK205 UT WOS:A1993LK20500002 ER PT J AU SPANIER, AM OKAI, H TAMURA, M AF SPANIER, AM OKAI, H TAMURA, M TI FOOD FLAVOR AND SAFETY - MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN - PREFACE SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 HIROSHIMA UNIV,HIROSHIMA 724,JAPAN. KOWA RES INST,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. RP SPANIER, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 528 BP R11 EP R12 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LK205 UT WOS:A1993LK20500001 ER PT J AU TERANISHI, R KINT, S AF TERANISHI, R KINT, S TI BIOACTIVE VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM PLANTS - AN OVERVIEW SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID FLAVOR AB Volatiles from plants have been used for perfumes and incense since ancient times. Today, the perfume industry incorporates extensive research on plant volatiles. Flavor chemists also study and use volatiles from plants to improve food quality. The vast information accumulated by perfume and flavor chemists forms an excellent base of knowledge for studying plant-insect interactions. The following is an overview on subsequent chapters which discuss some of the latest methods and equipment in sample preparation, analyses and identifications of volatiles from various flowers, leaves, and fruits. Also, activities other than olfactory responses, such as bacterial growth inhibition and increase or decrease of motor activity, are briefly reviewed. RP TERANISHI, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1993 VL 525 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LR614 UT WOS:A1993LR61400001 ER PT J AU BUTTERY, RG LING, LC AF BUTTERY, RG LING, LC TI VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF TOMATO FRUIT AND PLANT-PARTS - RELATIONSHIP AND BIOGENESIS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID AROMA COMPONENTS; IDENTIFICATION AB A comparison is made of the volatile component concentrations in the macerated (blended) forms of tomato fruit and leaf and to a lesser extent in macerated flower, calyx and stem. These studies show that some processes such as the formation of C6 lipid derived volatiles are similar between fruit and leaf. Formation of higher carbon number lipid derived volatiles (e.g. 4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal), however, only occurs in the fruit. Other processes such as the formation of carotenoid related (e.g. 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one) and amino acid related (e.g. nitro, nitrile and thiazole) volatiles seem to be largely confined to the fruit. Terpenoid hydrocarbons occur in the leaf but not the fruit, except for (-)-alpha-copaene in the mature green fruit. Lipid oxidation processes occur in the first few minutes after maceration but glycoside hydrolysis and amino acid derived volatile biogenesis seems to occur during the ripening process in the intact tomato. RP BUTTERY, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1993 VL 525 BP 23 EP 34 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LR614 UT WOS:A1993LR61400003 ER PT J AU HAMILTONKEMP, TR LOUGHRIN, JH ANDERSEN, RA RODRIGUEZ, JG AF HAMILTONKEMP, TR LOUGHRIN, JH ANDERSEN, RA RODRIGUEZ, JG TI VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM STRAWBERRY FOLIAGE AND FLOWERS - AIR VERSUS NITROGEN ENTRAINMENT - QUANTITATIVE CHANGES AND PLANT DEVELOPMENT SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID TETRANYCHUS-URTICAE KOCH; NICOTIANA-SYLVESTRIS; COMPONENTS; IDENTIFICATION; RESISTANCE; FRAGRANCE; EMISSION; LEAVES AB Headspace compounds were isolated from detached strawberry foliage by using both air and nitrogen as entrainment gases and trapping on the porous polymer Tenax. Compounds were eluted from traps with hexane, analyzed by GC and GC-MS, and identified by comparison with authentic standards. The profile of volatiles entrained with nitrogen differed considerably from that obtained with air; the former yielded more aliphatic alcohols, esters, and aromatics and the latter yielded greater quantities of terpene hydrocarbons. Air was selected for subsequent experiments including entrainment of flower headspace volatiles which contained aromatic compounds not found in foliage. The developmental stage of the plants also affected the types and quantities of compounds obtained. Considerably more headspace volatiles were isolated from foliage of flowering plants in early Spring than were obtained during later stages of plant development. Removal of the fruit which represented a metabolic sink for the plants did not significantly alter emission of foliage volatiles compared to that from controls. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY, DEPT AGRON, USDA ARS, LEXINGTON, KY 40546 USA. UNIV KENTUCKY, DEPT ENTOMOL, LEXINGTON, KY 40546 USA. RP HAMILTONKEMP, TR (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY, DEPT HORT, LEXINGTON, KY 40546 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1993 VL 525 BP 229 EP 239 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LR614 UT WOS:A1993LR61400017 ER PT J AU DUKE, SO MENN, JJ PLIMMER, JR AF DUKE, SO MENN, JJ PLIMMER, JR TI CHALLENGES OF PEST-CONTROL WITH ENHANCED TOXICOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY - AN OVERVIEW SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; PESTICIDES; STRATEGIES; PATHOGENS; WEEDS; CROPS AB Much of the increase in agricultural productivity over the past half century has been due to more efficacious and economical pest control through the use of synthetic chemical pesticides (SCPs). However, there is continued and growing social and legislative pressure to reduce the toxicological and environmental risks associated with control of agricultural pests with SCPs. Public and private sector research is being conducted to develop biorational pesticides and to replace or reduce the use of SCPs with natural product-based pesticides, biocontrol (including classical biocontrol), genetically-engineered pest resistance, and combinations of these replacement strategies. Nevertheless, these emerging pest control technologies will likely represent only a small percentage of the pest control market by the year 2000. Therefore, methods to reduce use rates of synthetic pesticides and to develop more environmentally and toxicologically benign pesticides are also important in risk abatement. Such strategies as biorational design, development of pesticide synergists, and development of crops resistant to more environmentally safe herbicides, insects, and plant pathogens can improve the environmental quality, food safety, and allay societal fears concerning crop protection technology. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. ABC LABS,COLUMBIA,MO 65202. RP DUKE, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 524 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KY213 UT WOS:A1993KY21300001 ER PT J AU NANDIHALLI, UB DUKE, SO AF NANDIHALLI, UB DUKE, SO TI THE PORPHYRIN PATHWAY AS A HERBICIDE TARGET SITE SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES; PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE INHIBITION; 3 PEROXIDIZING HERBICIDES; ACIFLUORFEN-METHYL; PHOTODYNAMIC HERBICIDES; PHOTOBLEACHING HERBICIDES; CUCUMBER COTYLEDONS; BARLEY ORGANELLES; ACTION MECHANISM; ACCUMULATION AB The porphyrin pathway is one of the most important metabolic pathways in plants. Nevertheless, this pathway has been virtually overlooked as a herbicide target site in biorational design strategies. For over a decade, several pyridine and phenanthroline analogues were known to interfere with the porphyrin pathway by inducing porphyrin accumulation in treated plants. The potential of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a porphyrin precursor, as an environmentally safe herbicide has been studied extensively. Plants treated with ALA either alone or in combination with the chemical modulators accumulate large amounts of different types of porphyrin compounds. Excessive amounts of porphyrins injure plants by type II photoperoxidation. Recently, numerous commercial herbicides such as diphenyl ethers have been found to cause accumulation of protoporphyrin IX by inhibiting protoporphyrinogen oxidase, the last enzyme common to both heme and chlorophyll synthesis. In this article, we review the modes of action of herbicides that interfere with the porphyrin pathway and analyze the potential of the porphyrin pathway for biorational herbicide design. C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP NANDIHALLI, UB (reprint author), DELTA STATE UNIV,CTR ALLUVIAL PLAINS STUDIES,CLEVELAND,MS 38733, USA. NR 60 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 524 BP 62 EP 78 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KY213 UT WOS:A1993KY21300005 ER PT J AU DUKE, SO LYDON, J AF DUKE, SO LYDON, J TI NATURAL PHYTOTOXINS AS HERBICIDES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID TABTOXININE-BETA-LACTAM; DIPHENYL ETHER HERBICIDES; CHLOROSIS-INDUCING TOXIN; SYRINGAE PV-PHASEOLICOLA; GRAIN-SORGHUM SEEDLINGS; HOST-SPECIFIC TOXINS; 3 PHENOLIC-ACIDS; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; PSEUDOMONAS-PHASEOLICOLA; ORNITHINE CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE AB Natural products of plants and microbes offer a vast array of secondary compounds with biological activity, including phytotoxicity. Many of these compounds have the potential to be used directly as herbicides or as structural leads for new synthetic herbicides. Although natural compounds have made a large impact in the insecticide area, relatively few successes have been obtained with these compounds as herbicides. The most notable success is that of glufosinate. Use of natural products in a herbicide discovery strategy has been hindered by several problems. The number of options that must be considered in discovery and development of a natural product as a herbicide is larger than for a synthetic herbicide. Furthermore, the molecular complexity, limited environmental stability, and low herbicidal activity of many phytotoxic natural products are discouraging. Rediscovery of known natural phytotoxins can be time-consuming and expensive. However, advances in chemistry and biotechnology are increasing the speed and ease with which humankind can discover and develop natural products as herbicides, while diminishing returns are being experienced with conventional herbicide discovery efforts based on ''synthesize and screen'' strategies. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP DUKE, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 131 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 524 BP 110 EP 124 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KY213 UT WOS:A1993KY21300009 ER PT J AU VAUGHN, JL AF VAUGHN, JL TI VIRAL INSECTICIDES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; COMMERCIAL SERUM REPLACEMENTS; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; RECOMBINANT BACULOVIRUS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; DIAMONDBACK MOTH; GENE; DOSAGE; CELLS AB Viruses are potentially valuable tools for managing pest insect populations. As has been observed in countless natural epizootics, a virus can cause significant reductions in pest insect populations. Presently they are used on a large scale to control the pine caterpillar in Japan and the soybean looper in Brazil. Four are registered for use in the U.S. They are exempted from the requirement for residue tolerance and, therefore, are free of residue problems. Their host specificity makes them compatible with other natural enemies and safe to use in environmentally sensitive areas. Recent advances in genetic manipulation offer possible solutions to the problems of severely restrictive host range and slow activity and have increased the attractiveness of viruses as pest control agents. Although resistance is possible, the fact that the virus is capable of variation and change reduces this possibility. The technology for in vitro production has improved rapidly and appears to be economically feasible. RP VAUGHN, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,INST PLANT SCI,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 524 BP 239 EP 257 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KY213 UT WOS:A1993KY21300017 ER PT J AU JENKINS, JN AF JENKINS, JN TI USE OF BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS GENES IN TRANSGENIC COTTON TO CONTROL LEPIDOPTEROUS INSECTS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID TOBACCO BUDWORM; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; RESISTANCE; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; MECHANISM AB Transgenic cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., plants containing modified, truncated versions of the cryIA genes from Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki are resistant to many Lepidopterous insects. Plants containing specific, truncated versions of the crvIA gene were resistant to tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens Fab., in field and laboratory studies in my laboratory. Other researchers have shown that these transgenic plants are also resistant to bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie); pink bollworm, Pectinophera gossypiella (Saunders); cotton leafperforator, Bucculatrix thurberiella Busck; and saltmarsh caterpillar, Estigmene acrea (Drury). Others have shown that the proteins coded for by the B. thuringiensis genes bind selectively to sites in the brush borders of epithelial cells in the midgut of the insect and induce the formation of small pores (0.5 to 1.0 nm) in the cell membranes, resulting in a net influx of ions and outflow of water. The cells swell and lyse. The B. thuringiensis genes in transgenic cotton plants Appear to offer an environmentally desirable control method for Lepidopterous cotton pests when used in integrated pest management programs. RP JENKINS, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 524 BP 267 EP 280 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KY213 UT WOS:A1993KY21300019 ER PT J AU CHITWOOD, DJ AF CHITWOOD, DJ TI NATURALLY-OCCURRING NEMATICIDES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID PINE WOOD NEMATODES; NEMATOCIDAL ACTIVITY; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; PLANTS; RESISTANCE; ROOTS; ECDYSTEROIDS; PHYTOALEXINS; ASSOCIATION; INHIBITORS AB This review of naturally occurring phytochemicals with biological activity against plant-parasitic nematodes focuses on several diverse classes of compounds, including polythienyls, alkaloids, phenolics, polyacetylenes, fatty acids, terpenoids, and others. The nematotoxic mode of action and physiological role of most of these compounds in plants are unknown, although some are synthesized in response to nematode infection. Only a few plant families, primarily the Asteraceae and Fabaceae, have been examined for existence of nematotoxic substances. In a few cases, synthetic analogs of naturally occurring compounds have been synthesized and have possessed stronger biological activity than the naturally occurring ones. Enhanced research and development of phytochemical nematicides and analogs could provide safe, selective compounds for minimizing the multibillion dollar annual losses inflicted by phytoparasitic nematodes in the U.S. RP CHITWOOD, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,NEMATOL LAB,BLDG 011A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. RI Torero, Rebeca/C-1703-2012 NR 80 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 524 BP 300 EP 315 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KY213 UT WOS:A1993KY21300021 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, DP FRAVEL, DR AF ROBERTS, DP FRAVEL, DR TI STRATEGIES AND TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING BIOCONTROL OF SOILBORNE PLANT-PATHOGENS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID PREEMERGENCE DAMPING-OFF; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS STRAIN; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CROWN GALL; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE; GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; SIDEROPHORES; CHITINASE AB For successful biocontrol, timing and placement of inoculum of biocontrol agents can be more important than the population size of the biocontrol agent. Delivery of the biocontrol agent is often timed so that it coincides with a period of low biological diversity and maximum pathogen accessibility. Control strategies include: 1) protection of the root or seed; 2) impeding the progress of the pathogen; and 3) destruction of pathogen inoculum. In addition to being in the right place at the right time, the biocontrol agent must also express specific traits at the appropriate time. Traits associated with biocontrol agents include competition for nutrients and production of antibiotics and enzymes. RP ROBERTS, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 524 BP 323 EP 331 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KY213 UT WOS:A1993KY21300023 ER PT J AU RAGSDALE, NN HENRY, MJ SISLER, HD AF RAGSDALE, NN HENRY, MJ SISLER, HD TI MINIMIZING NONTARGET EFFECTS OF FUNGICIDES SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID DEGRADATION AB The history of fungicides demonstrates a movement toward compounds that are less likely to produce adverse environmental effects. The primary concerns about fungicide residues have focused on chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity in particular, resulting from dietary exposure. Because of their low acute non-target toxicity, fungicides have not been as actively sought in environmental monitoring as other classes of pesticides; their residues are rarely found in random sampling of soil, water, and air. Effects on microorganisms other than pathogenic fungi are the most likely non-target impacts of fungicide use. Industry is currently taking a proactive approach to discover and develop new products with minimum environmental impact and an improved toxicological profile. C1 DOWELANCO,CROP DIS MANAGEMENT DISCOVERY GRP,GREENFIELD,IN 46140. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP RAGSDALE, NN (reprint author), USDA,NATL AGR PESTICIDE IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 524 BP 332 EP 341 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KY213 UT WOS:A1993KY21300024 ER PT J AU KARD, BM MCDANIEL, CA AF KARD, BM MCDANIEL, CA TI FIELD-EVALUATION OF THE PERSISTENCE AND EFFICACY OF PESTICIDES USED FOR TERMITE CONTROL SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID SOIL AB Separate quantities of soil were each treated with one of seven currently registered termiticides and placed in trenches along the inside and outside of reduced-scale concrete foundation walls. Each termiticide was applied at its lowest label rate. Composite soil samples were collected after 1, 30, 60, 120, 180, 270, and 365 days. For each termiticide, mean ppm recovered +/- SD of eight composite samples after 1 day was: Dursban TC (1.0% AI rate), 924 +/- 192; Pryfon 6 (0.75%), 782 +/- 48; Demon TC (0.25%), 430 +/- 108; Prevail FT (0.30%), 353 +/- 57; Dragnet FT (0.50%), 471 +/- 127; Torpedo (0.50%), 590 +/- 213; Tribute (0.50%), 681 +/- 255; water controls (0.0%), 0.0 +/- O.O. Using a standard soil sampling protocol developed for this study, initial recoveries of active ingredients were within a 95% or better confidence interval of theoretical ppm. Termiticide residue analyses are provided for the first year of this investigation, which will continue for a minimum period of five years. Differences in degradation of active ingredients between inside and outside concrete foundation walls are provided for the first 12 months. Additionally, evaluations of long-term field tests of currently marketed termiticides are provided. Organophosphate and pyrethroid termiticides provided several years of termite control depending on rates applied to the soil and test site location. RP KARD, BM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,POB 2008,GMF,GULFPORT,MS 39505, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 522 BP 46 EP 61 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KR024 UT WOS:A1993KR02400006 ER PT J AU TIMPA, JD AF TIMPA, JD TI SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY TO CHARACTERIZE COTTON FIBER SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CELLULOSE; MUTANT AB In our laboratory, cotton fibers were dissolved in the solvent N,N-dimethylacetamide with lithium chloride (DMAC/LiCl) and analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Cotton fiber (approximately 96% cellulose) has been technically difficult to characterize. This procedure solubilizes fiber cell wall components directly without prior extraction or derivatization, processes that could lead to degradation of high molecular weight components. Molecular weight distributions were determined with DMAC/LiCl as the mobile phase employing commercial SEC columns and instrumentation. A universal calibration was employed by incorporation of viscometer and refractive index detectors. Applications of this technique have focused on elucidating relationships between cotton fiber molecular composition and fiber quality. Primary and secondary wall compositions of cotton fiber have been monitored during fiber development. Cellulose weight average molecular weight correlated with fiber strength determined on fiber classification standards corresponding to a range of fiber lengths and strengths. RP TIMPA, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 521 BP 302 EP 313 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KX842 UT WOS:A1993KX84200021 ER PT J AU FISHMAN, ML GILLESPIE, DT LEVAJ, B AF FISHMAN, ML GILLESPIE, DT LEVAJ, B TI STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS OF AGGREGATED POLYSACCHARIDES BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY VISCOMETRY SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID TOMATO FRUIT; CELL-WALLS; PECTIN; COMPONENTS; VISCOSITY; GYRATION AB Three high performance size exclusion columns placed in series were calibrated in terms of radii of gyration (R(g)) and hydrodynamic volume (intrinsic viscosity ([IV]) x molecular weight (M)) with a series of pullulan and dextran standards ranging in M from 853,000 to 10,000. Online detection was by differential refractive index (DRI) and viscometry (DP). Two forms of universal calibration were employed to obtain R(g), [IV], and M for pectin, a class of complex plant cell-wall polysaccharides. For pectins extracted from a large number of sources, a Mark-Houwink plot (log [IV] vs. log M) gave a correlation coefficient of 0.2; whereas, a plot of log [IV] against log R(g) gave a correlation coefficient of 0.9. These results in addition to those from the analysis of several pectins from peach fruit indicated that pectins were aggregated and highly asymmetric in shape. The scaling law exponents for pectins were effected by both shape and state of aggregation, rather than shape alone. RP FISHMAN, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 521 BP 314 EP 325 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KX842 UT WOS:A1993KX84200022 ER PT J AU WING, RE CARR, ME DOANE, WM SCHREIBER, MM AF WING, RE CARR, ME DOANE, WM SCHREIBER, MM TI CONTROLLED-RELEASE OF HERBICIDE FROM AN UNMODIFIED STARCH MATRIX SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID TWIN-SCREW EXTRUSION; ENCAPSULATION; FORMULATIONS; TRIFLURALIN; EPTC AB Unmodified starch is an effective matrix for encapsulating solid and/or liquid active agents such as herbicides. Gelatinization of starch in the presence of water and herbicide via continuous twin-screw extrusion processing followed by particularization to desirable mesh sizes yields slow release herbicide products. Rate of release can be controlled by varying extruder conditions, particle size and the addition of other chemical additives to the starch matrix. Data will be presented to show efficacy of weed control and reduction of ground water contamination by various herbicide formulations. C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,INSECT & WEED CONTROL RES,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP WING, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT,PLANT POLYMER RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1993 VL 520 BP 211 EP 219 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KY494 UT WOS:A1993KY49400014 ER PT J AU GOLDBERG, S AF GOLDBERG, S TI CONSTANT CAPACITANCE MODEL - CHEMICAL SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODEL FOR DESCRIBING ADSORPTION OF TOXIC TRACE-ELEMENTS ON SOIL MINERALS SO ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Review ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION INTERFACE; OXIDE-SOLUTION INTERFACE; ACID-BASE REACTIONS; PHOSPHATE ADSORPTION; BORON ADSORPTION; EQUILIBRIUM CHEMISTRY; ELECTROSTATIC MODELS; ANION COMPETITION; WATER INTERFACE; ORGANIC-LIGANDS AB The constant capacitance model provides a molecular description of adsorption phenomena using an equilibrium approach. Unlike empirical models, the constant capacitance model defines surface species, chemical reactions, equilibrium constant expressions, surface activity coefficients and mass and charge balance. The model was able to describe cadmium, lead, copper, aluminum, selenite, arsenate, and boron adsorption on oxide minerals, cadmium, lead, copper, selenite, arsenate, and boron adsorption on clay minerals, and selenite, arsenate, and boron adsorption on soils. Additional research into model application to heterogeneous natural systems such as clay minerals and soils is needed. The constant capacitance model has been incorporated into transport models. Validation of these models is necessary. RP GOLDBERG, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, US SALIN LAB, RIVERSIDE, CA 92501 USA. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1993 VL 518 BP 278 EP 306 PG 29 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KR023 UT WOS:A1993KR02300014 ER PT B AU WEINSTOCK, IA MINOR, JL ATALLA, RH AF WEINSTOCK, IA MINOR, JL ATALLA, RH BE Barton, DHR Martell, AE Sawyer, DT TI NONCHLORINE BLEACHING OF WOOD PULPS MEDIATED BY HETEROPOLYOXOMETALATES SO ACTIVATION OF DIOXYGEN AND HOMOGENEOUS CATALYTIC OXIDATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on the Activation of Dioxygen and Homogeneous Catalytic Oxidation CY MAR 14-19, 1993 CL COLL STN, TX SP TEXAS A&M UNIV, AIR PROD, AMOCO, ARI TECHNOLOGIES INC, BRISTOL MEYERS SQUIBB, DOW, GE, HOECHST CELANESE CORP, ICI AMERICAS, JOHNSON MATTHEY C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-44591-3 PY 1993 BP 487 EP 487 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA BZ40E UT WOS:A1993BZ40E00078 ER PT B AU LEVANDER, OA AGER, AL MORRIS, VC FONTELA, R MAY, RG AF LEVANDER, OA AGER, AL MORRIS, VC FONTELA, R MAY, RG BE Yagi, K TI SUPPRESSION OF MALARIA BY DIETARY OXIDANT STRESS SO ACTIVE OXYGENS, LIPID PEROXIDES, AND ANTIOXIDANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5TH International Congress on Oxygen Radicals: Active Oxygen, Lipid Peroxides and Antioxidants CY NOV 17-21, 1991 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP COMMEMORAT ASSOC JAPAN WORLD EXPOSIT C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN SCIENTIFIC SOC PRESS PI TOKYO PA 2-10 HONGO, 6-CHOME, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN BN 4-7622-6738-4 PY 1993 BP 347 EP 357 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BZ95W UT WOS:A1993BZ95W00029 ER PT B AU LIN, JT STAFFORD, AE AF LIN, JT STAFFORD, AE BE Kuo, CG TI CHANGES OF GIBBERELLIN LEVELS BY TEMPERATURE-VARIATION IN WHEAT SEEDLINGS SO ADAPTATION OF FOOD CROPS TO TEMPERATURE AND WATER STRESS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Adaptation of Food Crops to Temperature and Water Stress CY AUG 13-18, 1992 CL TAIPEI, TAIWAN SP ASIAN VEGETABLE RES & DEV CTR, COUNCIL AGR, ROC, ACAD SIN, INST BOTANY C1 USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASIAN VEGETABLE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CTR PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 205, TAIPEI 10099, TAIWAN BN 92-9058-081-X PY 1993 BP 122 EP 127 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BA05M UT WOS:A1993BA05M00012 ER PT B AU WAYCOTT, W RYDER, EJ AF WAYCOTT, W RYDER, EJ BE Kuo, CG TI ADAPTATION OF LETTUCE TO HIGH-TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTS SO ADAPTATION OF FOOD CROPS TO TEMPERATURE AND WATER STRESS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Adaptation of Food Crops to Temperature and Water Stress CY AUG 13-18, 1992 CL TAIPEI, TAIWAN SP ASIAN VEGETABLE RES & DEV CTR, COUNCIL AGR, ROC, ACAD SIN, INST BOTANY C1 USDA ARS,SALINAS,CA 93905. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASIAN VEGETABLE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CTR PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 205, TAIPEI 10099, TAIWAN BN 92-9058-081-X PY 1993 BP 285 EP 295 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BA05M UT WOS:A1993BA05M00027 ER PT B AU CARTER, TE RUFTY, TW AF CARTER, TE RUFTY, TW BE Kuo, CG TI SOYBEAN PLANT INTRODUCTIONS EXHIBITING DROUGHT AND ALUMINUM TOLERANCE SO ADAPTATION OF FOOD CROPS TO TEMPERATURE AND WATER STRESS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Adaptation of Food Crops to Temperature and Water Stress CY AUG 13-18, 1992 CL TAIPEI, TAIWAN SP ASIAN VEGETABLE RES & DEV CTR, COUNCIL AGR, ROC, ACAD SIN, INST BOTANY C1 USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASIAN VEGETABLE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CTR PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 205, TAIPEI 10099, TAIWAN BN 92-9058-081-X PY 1993 BP 335 EP 346 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BA05M UT WOS:A1993BA05M00032 ER PT J AU RHOADES, JD AF RHOADES, JD TI ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY METHODS FOR MEASURING AND MAPPING SOIL-SALINITY SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 49 SE ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY LA English DT Review ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; WATER-CONTENT; DEPTH RELATIONS; ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS; IMMISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT; CENTRIFUGATION METHOD; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; FIELD SOIL; PH ERRORS; EXTRACTION RP RHOADES, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 124 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0065-2113 J9 ADV AGRON PY 1993 VL 49 BP 201 EP 251 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60795-6 PG 51 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BZ68G UT WOS:A1993BZ68G00004 ER PT J AU TOWNSEND, CE AF TOWNSEND, CE TI BREEDING, PHYSIOLOGY, CULTURE, AND UTILIZATION OF CICER MILKVETCH (ASTRAGALUS CICER L) SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 49 SE ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY LA English DT Review ID COOL-SEASON GRASSES; 4 GERMPLASM LINES; FORAGE LEGUMES; POLYCROSS PROGENIES; MECHANICAL STRENGTH; SEED-GERMINATION; WEED-CONTROL; BLOAT-SAFE; QUALITY; YIELD RP TOWNSEND, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 150 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0065-2113 J9 ADV AGRON PY 1993 VL 49 BP 253 EP 308 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60796-8 PG 56 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BZ68G UT WOS:A1993BZ68G00005 ER PT J AU MERRILL, AH WANG, E GILCHRIST, DG RILEY, RT AF MERRILL, AH WANG, E GILCHRIST, DG RILEY, RT TI FUMONISINS AND OTHER INHIBITORS OF DE-NOVO SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS SO ADVANCES IN LIPID RESEARCH, VOL 26 SE ADVANCES IN LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; F-SP-LYCOPERSICI; EPIDERMOID CARCINOMA-CELLS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; AAL-TOXIN; RAT-LIVER; PHOSPHATIDATE PHOSPHOHYDROLASE C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,TOXICIOL & MYCOTOXINS RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP MERRILL, AH (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ROLLINS RES CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM33369] NR 80 TC 183 Z9 183 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0065-2849 J9 ADV LIPID RES JI Adv.Lipid Res. PY 1993 VL 26 BP 215 EP 234 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BZ68E UT WOS:A1993BZ68E00011 PM 8379451 ER PT B AU THOMASHOW, LS ESSAR, DW FUJIMOTO, DK PIERSON, LS THRANE, C WELLER, DM AF THOMASHOW, LS ESSAR, DW FUJIMOTO, DK PIERSON, LS THRANE, C WELLER, DM BE Nester, EW Verma, DPS TI GENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL DETERMINANTS OF PHENAZINE ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION IN FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS THAT SUPPRESS TAKE-ALL DISEASE OF WHEAT SO ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR GENETICS OF PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS, VOL 2 SE CURRENT PLANT SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions CY JUL, 1992 CL SEATTLE, WA SP NATL SCI FDN, USDA, US DOE, AGRITOPE INC, CALGENE, CIBA GEIGY AG BIOTECHNOL, CIBA GEIGY BASLE, DEKALB PLANT GENET, INT SOC PLANT MOLEC BIOL, MONSANTO, PIONEER HI BRED, SAMUEL ROBERTS NOBLE FDN INC, PLANT BIOL DIV, RHONE POULENC, AMER PHYTOPATHOL SOC, UNIV WASHINGTON, GRAD SCH C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2045-X J9 CURR PLANT SCI BIOT PY 1993 VL 14 BP 535 EP 541 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA BA35U UT WOS:A1993BA35U00059 ER PT B AU LOPER, JE HENKELS, MD LINDOW, SE AF LOPER, JE HENKELS, MD LINDOW, SE BE Nester, EW Verma, DPS TI A BIOLOGICAL SENSOR FOR IRON THAT IS AVAILABLE TO PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS INHABITING THE PLANT RHIZOSPHERE SO ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR GENETICS OF PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS, VOL 2 SE CURRENT PLANT SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions CY JUL, 1992 CL SEATTLE, WA SP NATL SCI FDN, USDA, US DOE, AGRITOPE INC, CALGENE, CIBA GEIGY AG BIOTECHNOL, CIBA GEIGY BASLE, DEKALB PLANT GENET, INT SOC PLANT MOLEC BIOL, MONSANTO, PIONEER HI BRED, SAMUEL ROBERTS NOBLE FDN INC, PLANT BIOL DIV, RHONE POULENC, AMER PHYTOPATHOL SOC, UNIV WASHINGTON, GRAD SCH C1 USDA ARS,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2045-X J9 CURR PLANT SCI BIOT PY 1993 VL 14 BP 543 EP 547 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA BA35U UT WOS:A1993BA35U00060 ER PT J AU CHEVILLE, NF AF CHEVILLE, NF TI DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINES AND DIAGNOSTIC REAGENTS FOR ERADICATION OF BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS SO AGRI-PRACTICE LA English DT Article AB Bovine brucellosis has plagued the cattle industry of North America for over a century. Past efforts to eradicate the disease through vaccination beginning in the 1940s are reviewed. Calfhood vaccination with Brucella abortus strain 19 has proven effective, but problems are associated with its use. Testing is underway on four candidates for an improved live vaccine. Potential complications of bovine brucellosis eradication, including lack of control in wildlife populations, are addressed. RP CHEVILLE, NF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VETERINARY PRACTICE PUBL CO PI SANTA BARBARA PA 7 ASHLEY AVE SOUTH, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93103-9989 SN 0745-452X J9 AGRI-PRACTICE JI Agri-Pract. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 14 IS 1 BP 9 EP 13 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA KM242 UT WOS:A1993KM24200002 ER PT B AU HUTCHINSON, GL LIVINGSTON, GP AF HUTCHINSON, GL LIVINGSTON, GP BE Harper, LA Mosier, AR Duxbury, JM Rolston, DE Peterson, GA Baenziger, PS Luxmoore, RJ Kral, DM TI USE OF CHAMBER SYSTEMS TO MEASURE TRACE GAS FLUXES SO AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEM EFFECTS ON TRACE GASES AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE SE ASA SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON AGROECOSYSTEM EFFECTS ON RADIATIVELY IMPORTANT TRACE GASES AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, AT THE MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOC OF AGRONOMY CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1991 CL DENVER, CO SP AMER SOC AGRON, SOIL SCI SOC AMER RP HUTCHINSON, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,FED BLDG,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. RI Peterson, Gary/B-8119-2013 NR 0 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA MADISON BN 0-89118-113-X J9 ASA SPEC P PY 1993 VL 55 BP 63 EP 78 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX70G UT WOS:A1993BX70G00004 ER PT B AU HUTCHINSON, GL DAVIDSON, EA AF HUTCHINSON, GL DAVIDSON, EA BE Harper, LA Mosier, AR Duxbury, JM Rolston, DE Peterson, GA Baenziger, PS Luxmoore, RJ Kral, DM TI PROCESSES FOR PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF GASEOUS NITROGEN-OXIDES IN SOIL SO AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEM EFFECTS ON TRACE GASES AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE SE ASA SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON AGROECOSYSTEM EFFECTS ON RADIATIVELY IMPORTANT TRACE GASES AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, AT THE MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOC OF AGRONOMY CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 1991 CL DENVER, CO SP AMER SOC AGRON, SOIL SCI SOC AMER RP HUTCHINSON, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,FED BLDG,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 0 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA MADISON BN 0-89118-113-X J9 ASA SPEC P PY 1993 VL 55 BP 79 EP 93 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BX70G UT WOS:A1993BX70G00005 ER PT J AU MADIGAN, E AF MADIGAN, E TI WHATS NEXT SO AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article RP MADIGAN, E (reprint author), USDA,HEADQUARTERS BLDG,14TH & INDEPENDENCE,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0002-1458 J9 AGR ENG PD JAN PY 1993 VL 74 IS 1 BP 12 EP 14 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Engineering GA KG084 UT WOS:A1993KG08400006 ER PT J AU WHISLER, FD REDDY, VR BAKER, DN MCKINION, JM AF WHISLER, FD REDDY, VR BAKER, DN MCKINION, JM TI ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF SOIL COMPACTION ON COTTON YIELD TRENDS SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), yields in the U.S. Cotton Belt declined from 1960 to 1980 despite improvements in technology and introductions of higher yielding cultivars. As part of the effort to examine possible causes for the yield reduction, the cotton crop simulation model, GOSSYM, was used to analyze the effects of soil compaction on cotton yield trends, Weather, soil and cultural input data from six locations over 20 years were acquired and used or this study. There were no consistent trends over all locations. Prior to 1974, compaction had some negative effect at Florence, South Carolina, but due to annual in-row subsoiling, had no effect after that time. At Stoneville, Mississippi, the effects of compactions were generally detrimental but they were often masked by weather. In years of abundant moisture, wheel traffic compaction had little negative effect on yields, since shallow root systems could extract sufficient moisture for plant growth and yield. In extremely dry years, predicted yields were low for both compacted and uncompacted crops. The effect of wheel compaction on yield was generally favorable at College Station, Texas. The lower yielding crop, however, generally put more of its photosynthate into roots during the boll filling period. This was also true at Phoenix, Arizona, where the results were erratic. At Lubbock, Texas, on a clay soil the effects of simulated compaction were negligible. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BA,NRI,SRI,BARC WEST,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,CROP SIMULAT RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP WHISLER, FD (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,POB 5248,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PY 1993 VL 42 IS 3 BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1016/0308-521X(93)90054-6 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA LA966 UT WOS:A1993LA96600002 ER PT J AU HANSON, JD BAKER, BB BOURDON, RM AF HANSON, JD BAKER, BB BOURDON, RM TI COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS ON RANGELAND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID MODEL; BIOMASS AB The effect of climate change on plant and livestock production in the Great Plains of North America is an important issue. The purpose of this study was to modify an existing rangeland ecosystem model and to simulate a cow/calf production system under different climate scenarios. The project required the capability of simulating rangeland livestock production under different ambient CO2 concentrations, temperatures and precipitation patterns. Climate change scenarios were created from three general circulation models (GCMs): GISS (Goddard Institute for Space Studies model), GFDL (Geophysical Fluid Dynamic Laboratory model), and UKMO (United Kingdom Meteorological Office model). Results from the GCMs were used to modify the climate record for a site in northeastern Colorado. Concomitantly, modifications were made to the SPUR model to help predict the effect of predicted climate change on selected variables of the range/livestock ecosystem. Simulation runs showed that predicted climate change will affect plant and animal production for rangelands. Changes in production were more closely related to changes in temperature and precipitation than to enhanced [CO2] alone. The effect of climate change on livestock production was very complex and results were dependent on the particular GCM scenario being simulated. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP HANSON, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. RI Baker, Barry/C-4884-2009 NR 29 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4 BP 487 EP 502 DI 10.1016/0308-521X(93)90047-6 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA KM913 UT WOS:A1993KM91300005 ER PT J AU OLIEN, CR CLARK, JL AF OLIEN, CR CLARK, JL TI CHANGES IN SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATE-COMPOSITION OF BARLEY, WHEAT, AND RYE DURING WINTER SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FRUCTAN METABOLISM; ADAPTIVE RESPONSE; TEMPERATURES; SUCROSE; CEREALS; GROWTH; WARM AB Significant increases in the production of winter cereals could be realized with improved hardiness. The objective of this research was to determine if overwintering cereals modify water soluble carbohydrate composition in response to naturally occurring winter freeze stress. Fields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and rye (Secale cereale L.) were monitored throughout the winter between 1986 to 1990 for snow-pattern development, temperature, and snowfall. Plant crowns were analyzed for freeze injury (form and intensity) and water soluble carbohydrate composition (fructan, sucrose, glucose, and fructose). Growth chamber plants were frozen and analyzed to confirm the interpretation of field plant data. In 1986, there was less fructan and more soluble sugars in the exposed than in the snow-covered wheat plants (but no complete depletion of fructan), and no crown injury from equilibrium freezing. In 1987-1988, little injury or fructan hydrolysis occurred in barley, wheat, or rye; the plants were snow covered during cold periods. In 1989-1990, fructan hydrolysis to sugar in exposed barley, wheat, and rye plants paralleled that in the exposed wheat plants of 1986-1987. The fructan content of exposed barley plants was nearly depleted during the coldest weather. Exposed plants had typical equilibrium freeze injury. Growth chamber plants responded similarly to the exposed field plants. Plants exposed to freeze stress converted fructan to sugars which probably alleviated adhesive freeze stress. The energy of hydrolysis may be useful for placing sugar into sites within the tissue where its cryoprotective activity is most effective. RP OLIEN, CR (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,USDA ARS,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 18 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KL367 UT WOS:A1993KL36700005 ER PT J AU SEILER, GJ AF SEILER, GJ TI FORAGE AND TUBER YIELDS AND DIGESTIBILITY OF SELECTED WILD AND CULTIVATED GENOTYPES OF JERUSALEM-ARTICHOKE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HELIANTHUS-TUBEROSUS; GRASSES; GROWTH; CROP AB Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), a perennial forb, has the potential to be utilized as a silage or tuber crop, but little is known about the variability for forage and tuber yields of wild and cultivated genotypes. Four wild and six cultivated genotypes were evaluated for forage and tuber yields, biomass allocation, and in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) concentrations of stems, leaves, tubers, and whole plants (all above-ground biomass) at different stages of plant development and compared to an annual commercial oilseed sunflower (H. annuus L.) 'Hybrid 894'. The perennial genotypes were maintained as pure stands while the annual Hybrid 894 was replanted each year. The cultivated Jerusalem artichoke 'Sunchoke' had the highest forage yield (6.3 Mg ha-2) which is comparable to some common forage species. The cultivated genotypes also had the highest mean tuber yield (7.19 Mg ha-1). At maturity, the allocation of biomass for Jerusalem artichoke was 68, 23, and 9% for stems, leaves, and heads, respectively. At flowering, the whole-plant concentration of IVDDM was above the accepted level (598 g kg-1) for adequate animal nutrition for all genotypes except wild 'Iowa', wild 'Texas', and cultivated Sunchoke. The sunflower Hybrid 894 had higher IVDDM concentrations than the Jerusalem artichoke genotypes. The significant negative correlation between forage yield and IVDDM concentration indicates that these characteristics cannot be simultaneously improved in a breeding program. There appeared to be enough variability to select for increased forage or tuber yields in Jerusalem artichoke. RP SEILER, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,POB 5677,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KL367 UT WOS:A1993KL36700006 ER PT J AU MUELLER, JP LEWIS, WM GREEN, JT BURNS, JC AF MUELLER, JP LEWIS, WM GREEN, JT BURNS, JC TI YIELD AND QUALITY OF SILAGE CORN AS ALTERED BY JOHNSONGRASS INFESTATION SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Dairy and beef producers in the southern piedmont region of the USA with limited land often grow corn (Zea mays L.), after corn, for silage even though stands gradually become infested with johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Per.]. The objective of this study was to quantity the influence of johnsongrass infestation on the yield and quality of corn grown for silage. Seven field trials were conducted over a 6-yr period in the piedmont region of North Carolina on clayey, kaolinitic, thermic, Typic Hapludult soils. Corn was planted each year into johnsongrass-infested sites. Herbicides were used to produce johnsongrass-free plots and plots where johnsongrass was the only weed present. Additionally, to assess the influence of johnsongrass infestation level on the subsequent silage quality, physical mixtures of corn and johnsongrass forage were made which represented an infestation range from 0 to 100% by weight. In five of seven trials, corn forage yield was significantly increased with johnsongrass control. Where johnsongrass was not controlled, corn plant population was reduced by 13% and silage quality, estimated by in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), was reduced by 8 to 21%. Silage IVDMD decreased linearly 2.37 g kg-1 (r2 = 0.95, P < 0.001) for each percentage unit increase in johnsongrass infestation by weight. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP MUELLER, JP (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 1 BP 49 EP 52 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KL367 UT WOS:A1993KL36700010 ER PT J AU BOUTON, JH GATES, RN BELESKY, DP OWSLEY, M AF BOUTON, JH GATES, RN BELESKY, DP OWSLEY, M TI YIELD AND PERSISTENCE OF TALL FESCUE IN THE SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL-PLAIN AFTER REMOVAL OF ITS ENDOPHYTE SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM AB The coastal plain of the southeastern USA lacks a dependable perennial cool season forage crop, but tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) germplasms have been developed which show greater persistence and yield than currently marketed cultivars in this region. Since these germplasms were found to be infected with the tall fescue endophyte (Acremonium coenaphialum Morgan-Jones and Gams), the contribution of the endophyte to their performance was unknown. The objective of this study was to compare yield and stand survival of endophyte-infected (EI) and endophyte-free (EF) (achieved by removal of its endophyte) versions of four persistent germplasms (GA-5, GA-Jesup, GA-Jesup Improved, and GA-Ecotype KY31) in clipped small plots at three locations in Georgia (Americus and Tifton in the coastal plain and Watkinsville located in the fescue growing area of the southern piedmont region) for a 3-yr period. The EI version of each germplasm showed greater stand survival and yield than its EF version at Americus and Tifton, but no differences were recorded for infection status for the same parameters at Watkinsville. These findings indicate that endophyte removal greatly reduces the ecological fitness of tall fescue by possibly allowing less tolerance to summer drought. Presently, only EI tall fescue can be dependably recommended for perennial pasture in the southeastern coastal plain. C1 USDA ARS,APPLACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERV RES LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25802. USDA,SCS,AMERICUS PLANT MAT CTR,AMERICUS,GA 31709. RP BOUTON, JH (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 13 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 1 BP 52 EP 55 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KL367 UT WOS:A1993KL36700011 ER PT J AU CHARLET, LD MILLER, JF AF CHARLET, LD MILLER, JF TI SEED PRODUCTION AFTER FLORET REMOVAL FROM SUNFLOWER HEADS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-STAGES; LEPIDOPTERA; COCHYLIDAE; MOTH AB The banded sunflower moth (Cochylis hospes Walsingham; Lepidoptera: Cochylidae) is a pest of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the northern Great Plains. Larvae feed initially on sunflower florets and subsequently on immature and matue seeds (achenes). Our objective was to measure the compensatory ability of sunflower for increasing seed yield in response to the loss of florets caused by floret and seed feeding of the banded sunflower moth for the accurate computation of economic injury levels. Treatments were removal of floret at 10% increment intervals from 0 to 50% of the florets of sunflower heads (capitula) at flowering. Floret removal bad a direct effect on the number of resulting fertile seeds. Reducing the number of florets by 10% resulted in a 20% decrease in the number of fertile seed, an 18% decrease in total seed weight of. the head, and a 22% decrease in seed volume. Comparable decreases were found in the number of fertile seeds for other increments of floret removal. The sunflower plant can compensate for floret removal by increasing the weight of individual seeds. As percent of floret loss increased, seed weight increased, but even when only 10% of the florets were destroyed, the weight gain did not overcome the subsequent loss of seeds. Oil content of seeds significantly decreased as floret loss increased. In addition to consumption of mature seeds, simulation of damage showed that early feeding by banded sunflower moth larvae on florets can also directly and indirectly affect the final yield of infested plants. RP CHARLET, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,OILSEEDS RES UNIT,POB 5677,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 1 BP 56 EP 58 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KL367 UT WOS:A1993KL36700012 ER PT J AU KETRING, DL REID, JL AF KETRING, DL REID, JL TI GROWTH OF PEANUT ROOTS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DROUGHT TOLERANCE; WATER; SOIL; GROUNDNUT; PLANTS AB The largest detriment to crop productivity in many environments is available water. Biomass accumulation is proportional to water moving through the plant, i.e., transpiration. The supply of water for crop biomass accumulation is provided from the soil reservoir by the root system. Our objective was to quantify peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) root growth over time by depth and lateral spread in the soil profile. By soil coring techniques, we determined the growth of roots, in response to irrigation treatments imposed under field conditions, of two virginia-, runner-type peanut cultivars over time. Root length density (RLD) and root weight density (RWD) in the soil profile were not significantly different between cultivars or among irrigation treatments. However, significant year differences were observed. Following crop establishment under similar environmental conditions in both years, 1988 was hotter and drier than 1989. Also, postplant rainfall through 45 DAP was less in 1988 than 1989 and total water received by the crop was less in 1988 than 1989. Under these conditions, there was nearly twice and three times as much RLD and RWD in 1988 than 1989. Root length density and RWD significantly increased at each depth increment with days after planting (DAP) until 80 DAP. At 40 to 45 DAP, roots had penetrated to a depth of 120 cm and spread laterally to at least 46 cm (mid-furrow). The 15-cm depth increment had the highest mean RLD, which increased to a maximum at 2.1 and 1.7 cm cm-3 at go and 83 DAP in 1988 and 1989, respectively. However, over the same time period there was also a simultaneous increase in RLD at depths below 15 cm. Thus, peanut roots were established both deeply and laterally in the soil profile early in the growing season. This could prove advantageous in a drought environment and the knowledge useful for water management of the crop. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP KETRING, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES LAB,1301 N WESTERN,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 1 BP 80 EP 85 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KL367 UT WOS:A1993KL36700017 ER PT J AU JONES, TA NIELSON, DC AF JONES, TA NIELSON, DC TI SPRING-CLIPPING RESPONSE IN SNAKE RIVER AND THICKSPIKE WHEATGRASSES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BLUEBUNCH WHEATGRASS; AGROPYRON BUNCHGRASSES; DEFOLIATION; VIGOR AB Grazing at the boot stage can severely damage stands of bluebunch wheatgrass [Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Love]. Snake River wheatgrass [proposed name Elymus lanceolatus ssp. wawawaiensis (Scribner & Gould) J.R. Carlson & D.R. Dewey] has recently been recognized as a taxon distinct from bluebunch wheatgrass, based on cytological data, and placed in the same species as thickspike wheatgrass [Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus (Scribner & J.G. Smith) Gould]. Grazing tolerance of Snake River wheatgrass is unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of clipping at the boot stage on vigor of 'Secar' Snake River wheatgrass, 'Elbee' and T-21076 thickspike wheatgrass, and hybrid populations D30 (50% Snake River wheatgrass/50% thickspike wheatgrass) and D38 (75% Snake River wheatgrass/25% thickspike wheatgrass). Plots were established at North Logan, UT (mollisol) and near Stone, ID (aridisol) in 1987, clipping treatments (clipped or unclipped at the boot stage) were applied in 1988 and 1989, and treatments were compared in 1990. Regardless of spring-clipping treatment, all plants were clipped once in the summer at both locations and again in the fall at North Logan both in 1988 and 1989. Spring clipping reduced Secar dry weight 21%, spike number 27%, and plant basal area (above-ground area occupied by tillers) 17% at North Logan, while the other populations were unaffected. Spring clipping reduced dry weight 26 and 31%, spike number 37 and 36%, and plant basal area 24 and 33%, of Secar and D38, respectively, near Stone, while the other populations were unaffected. Spring clipping was more detrimental at the Stone aridisol than the North Logan mollisol site. Currently available germplasm of the rhizomatous thickspike wheatgrass appears to be more tolerant of spring clipping than that of the caespitose Snake River wheatgrass. It should be possible to make substantial genetic progress for spring-clipping tolerance in hybrid populations. RP JONES, TA (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 1 BP 94 EP 97 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KL367 UT WOS:A1993KL36700019 ER PT J AU REEVES, DW WOOD, CW TOUCHTON, JT AF REEVES, DW WOOD, CW TOUCHTON, JT TI TIMING NITROGEN APPLICATIONS FOR CORN IN A WINTER LEGUME CONSERVATION-TILLAGE SYSTEM SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ANNUAL COVER CROPS; IRRIGATED CORN; CRIMSON CLOVER; GRAIN-SORGHUM; FERTILIZER; RELEASE; TIME; RECOVERY; YIELDS; GROWTH AB Fertilizer N efficiency of corn (Zea mays L.) in conservation-tillage systems with winter legumes such as crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) can possibly be improved by better synchronization of legume-N release, fertilizer-N application time, and crop demand for N. The objective of this 3-yr (1986-1988) field experiment was to determine the effect of N application time on dry matter accumulation, N uptake, and grain yield of corn grown in a winter legume conservation-tillage system. Corn was planted with unit planters into crimson clover residue following in-row subsoiling. The clover was killed at midbloom every year. Treatments were a factorial arrangement of fertilizer N rates and application time. Nitrogen as NH4NO3 was broadcast at rates of 34, 67, and 134 kg ba-1. Zero-N checks were also included in both clover and rye (Secale cereal L.) plots. Application times were at planting, or 3, 6, or 9 wk later. In addition, split applications (113 at planting and the remainder 6 wk later) of the 67 and 134 kg N ha-1 rates were included. In 2 of 3 yr, dry matter accumulation was not affected by N application time. In 1987, however, dry matter production was greater when N was applied at planting compared to split applications or applications later than 3 wk after planting. Application time affected N uptake patterns during the growing season, but generally did not affect total N uptake at the end of the season. With the exception of the first year, split N applications resulted in equivalent or reduced N uptake compared to application of all N at planting. Based on linear regression models, maximum yield was obtained with 134, 116, and 93 kg N ha-1 in 1987, 1988, and 1989, respectively. After the first year, applying N later than 6 wk after planting reduced grain yield and split applications of N were not effective in increasing grain yield. These results suggest that the fertilizer N requirement of corn grown in winter legume conservation-tillage systems on Coastal Plain soils decreases with successive years in the system and that the optimum management practice for conservation of N, energy, time, and labor would be to apply all fertilizer N at planting. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP REEVES, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,POB 3439,AUBURN,AL 36831, USA. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 1 BP 98 EP 106 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KL367 UT WOS:A1993KL36700020 ER PT J AU POWER, JF ZACHARIASSEN, JA AF POWER, JF ZACHARIASSEN, JA TI RELATIVE NITROGEN-UTILIZATION BY LEGUME COVER CROP SPECIES AT 3 SOIL TEMPERATURES SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID N-15 ISOTOPE-DILUTION; FIXATION; N2-FIXATION; BEANS AB When selecting a legume cover crop, one should know relative N-fixing and N uptake capabilities, as well as growth and water use characteristics, to identify the species best adapted to the growth period and soil temperatures (season) during which the cover crop is grown. We provide information on these characteristics for eight inoculated legume species at soil temperatures of 10, 20, and 30-degrees-C. Plants were grown in constant-temperature water baths in a greenhouse for 105 d after establishment in 1.1 kg of Alliance silt loam (fine silty, mixed, mesic, Aridic Argiustoll) per pot. Plant samples were taken every 21 d for determinations of dry weight, total N uptake, and N, fixed (isotope dilution method). Water use was measured daily by weighing. Total N uptake and N, fixation were usually greatest for large-seeded annual species during the first 42 to 63 d of the experiment. At 10-degrees-C total N uptake and N2 fixation were greatest for hairy vetch (HV), Vicia villosa Roth and faba bean (FB), Vicia faba L. At later sampling dates, N uptake and fixation for white clover (WC), Trifolium repens L., was also relatively high. At 20-degrees-C, soybean (SB), [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] exhibited outstanding growth and N uptake throughout the 105 d. For the first 42 d, FB performance also was superior to other species. At 30-degrees-C, N uptake and fixation by SB was more than double that of any other species at all sampling dates. Quantity of N, fixed per unit water used was greatest at 10-degrees-C for WC, followed closely by HV and field pea (FP) Pisum sativum L.; at 20-degrees-C, SB followed by WC and lespedeza (LD), Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim.; and at 30-degrees-C, LD followed by SB. Our results suggest that under many situations (early spring) some grain legumes, such as SB and FB, may be a better cover crop than many species commonly used. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP POWER, JF (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,KEIM HALL,E CAMPUS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 1 BP 134 EP 140 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KL367 UT WOS:A1993KL36700025 ER PT J AU KENIG, A MISHOE, JW BOOTE, KJ COOK, PW REICOSKY, DC PETTIGREW, WT HODGES, HF AF KENIG, A MISHOE, JW BOOTE, KJ COOK, PW REICOSKY, DC PETTIGREW, WT HODGES, HF TI DEVELOPMENT OF SOYBEAN FRESH AND DRY-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS FOR REAL-TIME MODEL CALIBRATION SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB Measurements of dry weight and crop phenology are normally used to validate comprehensive growth models. To reduce this requirement in applications such as large area yield forecasting, the present research was conducted to study the change of dry matter concentration (ratio of dry weight to fresh weight) of the vegetative and reproductive plant components of soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.]. The paper evaluates the usefulness of simple statistical equations that relate dry matter concentration to developmental stages for the specific purpose of growth model calibration. During the 1984 through 1985 seasons, rive cultivars of soybean were grown in five locations throughout the soybean producing regions of the U.S. Soil type, planting date, plant population, and irrigation management varied from site to site. Plant samples were taken at 1- to 2-wk intervals during the growing season for fresh weight and dry weight of vegetative parts and pods, and counts of reproductive sites. In most of the field locations, dry matter concentration of different soybean parts was found to follow a predictable pattern. The pattern was explained for most locations by a simple relation of developmental stage and vegetative dry matter concentration, using data collected until the beginning of pod rill. A second model explained the course of pod dry matter concentration over developmental stage, using data collected after the beginning of seed growth. Insignificant differences among regression lines of extreme locations suggest that the course of dry matter concentration may be of an inherent nature, with minor impact due to differences of cultivar, or weather. The equations developed in this paper to estimate dry weight data will reduce the effort of calibrating and/or validating soybean comprehensive growth models by requiring only the collection of fresh weight samples at known phenological events. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGR ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. ARAVA EXP STN,MOBILE POST,IL-88820 HEVEL EILOT,ISRAEL. USDA,NASS,ESTIMATES RES SECT,SURVEY RES BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20251. USDA ARS,N CENT CONSERV RES LAB,MORRIS,MN 56267. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV MISSISSIPPI,DEPT AGRON,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 1 BP 140 EP 146 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KL367 UT WOS:A1993KL36700026 ER PT J AU AKIN, DE HIMMELSBACH, DS CARL, RT HANNA, WW BARTON, FE AF AKIN, DE HIMMELSBACH, DS CARL, RT HANNA, WW BARTON, FE TI MIDINFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY TO ASSESS LIGNIN IN PLANT-TISSUES RELATED TO DIGESTIBILITY SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID SPECTROSCOPY AB Techniques are needed to rapidly assess the location of phenolics within cell types. The objective of this work was to investigate by mid-infrared microspectroscopy a series of intact cell types, which have a range of digestibilities, from normal (N) and brown midrib (bmr) pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br.). Rind and parenchyma tissues were evaluated using a Nicolet System 740 spectrometer equipped with a Nicolet 0.25 mm MCT-A detector1 interfaced to a microscope. Spectra of rind were similar for normal and bmr mutants and closely resembled lignin spectra. Spectra of pith tissue were similar among plant types and to that for carbohydrates, but differed from rind spectra. Preliminary results indicated that spectra were different for tissues of different digestibilities and showed promise for use of microspectroscopy in evaluating forage quality of cell types. C1 NICOLET INSTRUMENTS CORP,MADISON,WI 53711. USDA ARS,GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN EXP STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP AKIN, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 1 BP 171 EP 175 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KL367 UT WOS:A1993KL36700031 ER PT J AU BAARSTAD, LL RICKMAN, RW WILKINS, D MORITA, S AF BAARSTAD, LL RICKMAN, RW WILKINS, D MORITA, S TI A HYDRAULIC SOIL SAMPLER PROVIDING MINIMUM FIELD PLOT DISRUPTION SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Note AB Hydraulic-powered soil samplers speed and simplify the collection of soil cores and plant root samples. Unfortunately, the vehicle carrying a sampler often damages a large area of the crop surrounding a sampling site and compacts the soil surface. The extent of such damage often prevents the use of powdered samplers. An attachment linking a Giddings1 hydraulic probe to a knuckle boom mounted on a 3-t truck permitted removing soil cores from small field plots with virtually no damage to the crop or soil at the sample site (except for foot traffic). The objectives of this note are to describe and illustrate the attachment and present some examples of rapid, easy collection of soil cores that it provided. The hydraulic probe, when mounted at the end of a knuckle boom, was not restricted in any of its operations. C1 UNIV TOKYO,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. RP BAARSTAD, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 370,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 85 IS 1 BP 178 EP 181 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KL367 UT WOS:A1993KL36700033 ER PT J AU CHEW, JD AF CHEW, JD TI AN EXPERT-SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSIS OF STAND TREATMENT NEEDS SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB An expert system for diagnosing alternatives for stand treatment needs was developed for the Northern Region of the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Treatment needs are diagnosed by comparing an existing stand to the stand conditions necessary to meet management objectives. This comparison is one step in the process of developing silvicultural prescriptions. Silviculturists in the Region helped determine the process involved, the variables used, and the specific combinations of these variables that result in treatment alternatives. A combination of knowledge representation techniques is used. Knowledge associated with inventory data describing an existing stand and comparing it to a target stand is represented with rules and functions written in Lisp. Tree species, habitat types, management direction, target stands, and combinations of variables that represent treatment needs are represented as classes of objects. Knowledge representation is designed to minimize execution time on existing Data General computer systems, to handle frequent updates as the system is expanded to cover the entire Region, and to accommodate additional knowledge developed through Forest Service Research. The expert system was developed with Gold Hill's GoldWorks on Data General's MV series computers. RP CHEW, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,SUBALPINE SILVICULTURE RES WORK UNIT,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA MM926 UT WOS:A1993MM92600001 ER PT J AU BERRY, J AF BERRY, J TI TLIB (VERSION-4.12) SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Software Review RP BERRY, J (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1993 VL 7 IS 1 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA KW499 UT WOS:A1993KW49900002 ER PT J AU RAUSCHER, HM ALBAN, DH JOHNSON, DW AF RAUSCHER, HM ALBAN, DH JOHNSON, DW TI MANAGING THE GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE-BASE SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB Successful problem solving is the key to survival and wealth for individuals, corporations, and nations alike. Successful problem solving depends upon 1) the nature and complexity of the problem to be solved; 2) the accessibility of high quality, relevant knowledge; and 3) a well-led team of effective individuals who can use knowledge wisely. Many centuries of managing our natural resources based on decisions with poorly understood consequences may be changing the climate of our planet. As a response to this threat, many nations have funded an unprecedented scientific research and assessment program which is resulting in a rapidly expanding global climate change knowledge base. Learning how to manage the knowledge that will allow us to successfully solve the global climate change problem is a very important component of the overall research effort. Currently, hypertext appears to offer the most promising electronic technology for general-purpose knowledge management. In this paper, hypertext authoring is described, a pilot study to develop a hypertext scientific assessment of the forest and soil carbon cycle is introduced, and the major research issues that will need to be solved are identified. RP RAUSCHER, HM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 17 EP 40 PG 24 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA MM926 UT WOS:A1993MM92600002 ER PT J AU BERRY, J AF BERRY, J TI AGRICULTURE SOFTWARE-SUPPORT AND MAINTENANCE - THE CURRENT PROBLEM SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON SOFTWARE SUPPORT AND MAINTENANCE IN AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES, AT THE 1992 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA CY DEC 08, 1992 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER RP BERRY, J (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,PPQ,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1993 VL 7 IS 2-3 BP 41 EP 41 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA LP910 UT WOS:A1993LP91000007 ER PT J AU PARHAM, GL POLEY, JK AF PARHAM, GL POLEY, JK TI CREATION AND MAINTENANCE - THE SPLIT PERSONALITY OF SOFTWARE-DEVELOPMENT SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON SOFTWARE SUPPORT AND MAINTENANCE IN AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES, AT THE 1992 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA CY DEC 08, 1992 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER AB The dichotomous nature of software development has wreaked havoc on many software projects and on those responsible for managing the projects. Many software development projects fail, not because of lack of vision, programming skill, or commitment to the project, but because the twin functions of creation and maintenance are not recognized as being interrelated or integrated in the project. Agriculture and natural resources software development projects have undoubtedly been plagued with the same problems prevalent in other efforts, but the prospects for improvement are encouraging. New tools and methodologies are being developed and deployed that promote the integration of the creation and design functions with the maintenance functions. Improvements in computing system interfaces have empowered end users and made them partners in both the creative and maintenance phases of the software development cycle. RP PARHAM, GL (reprint author), USDA,COMMUN INFORMAT & TECHNOL EXTENS SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1993 VL 7 IS 2-3 BP 42 EP 44 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA LP910 UT WOS:A1993LP91000008 ER PT J AU CASE, P AF CASE, P TI TRANSFERRING THE IBIS EXPERT SYSTEM-DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT AND THE NEPA-NFMA WORKBENCH EXPERT SYSTEM TO THE DATA GENERAL SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article RP CASE, P (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT REG,11177 W 8TH AVE,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1993 VL 7 IS 1 BP 47 EP 48 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA KW499 UT WOS:A1993KW49900007 ER PT J AU BERRY, J LANIER, W BELOTE, D AF BERRY, J LANIER, W BELOTE, D TI A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR MANAGEMENT OF RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID IN THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article RP BERRY, J (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA,APHIS,PPQ,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1993 VL 7 IS 1 BP 49 EP 52 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA KW499 UT WOS:A1993KW49900008 ER PT J AU JANIGA, PE AF JANIGA, PE TI TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER IN THE UNITED-STATES-FOREST-SERVICE SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON SOFTWARE SUPPORT AND MAINTENANCE IN AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES, AT THE 1992 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA CY DEC 08, 1992 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER RP JANIGA, PE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,3825 MULBERRY ST,FT COLLINS,CO 80524, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1993 VL 7 IS 2-3 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA LP910 UT WOS:A1993LP91000013 ER PT B AU HOPPUS, ML EVANS, DT AF HOPPUS, ML EVANS, DT BE Henkel, PA Augustyn, TW Fishell, WG TI THE ROLE OF TEXTURE IN INTERPRETING IMAGES OF FOREST LAND SO AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE XVII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Reconnaissance XVII CY JUL 12-14, 1993 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS C1 US FOREST SERV,NATIONWIDE FORESTRY APPLICAT PROGRAM,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84119. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1272-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1993 VL 2023 BP 56 EP 64 DI 10.1117/12.165539 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BZ78G UT WOS:A1993BZ78G00008 ER PT J AU HAYNES, RW AF HAYNES, RW GP MEDIAMATCH COMMUN TI ECONOMIC PROSPECTS FOR THE FOREST SECTOR, PACIFIC COAST STATES SO ALBERTA: GROWING FOR THE FUTURE: FOREST INDUSTRY OUTLOOK CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Forest Industry Outlook Conference - Alberta: Growing for the Future CY OCT 22, 1993 CL EDMONTON, CANADA SP CANADA ALBERTA PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT FORESTRY, ALBERTA ECON DEV & TOURISM, ECON DEV EDMONTON C1 US FOREST SERV,SOCIAL & ECON VALUES,PORTLAND,OR. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALBERTA ECONOMIC DEV & TOURISMFOREST INDUSTRY DEV BRANCH PI EDMONTON T5K 2P6 PA 11TH FLOOR, STERLING PLACE, 9940 - 106TH ST, EDMONTON T5K 2P6 AB, CANADA PY 1993 BP 44 EP 56 PG 13 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB99L UT WOS:A1993BB99L00003 ER PT J AU FONG, AKH KRETSCH, MJ AF FONG, AKH KRETSCH, MJ TI CHANGES IN DIETARY-INTAKE, URINARY NITROGEN, AND URINARY VOLUME ACROSS THE MENSTRUAL-CYCLE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE MENSTRUAL CYCLE; DIETARY INTAKE; FOOD SELECTION; ENERGY NEEDS; URINARY NITROGEN EXCRETION; URINARY VOLUME; WOMEN ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; FOOD-INTAKE; NUTRIENT INTAKE; HUMANS; VALIDATION; PATTERNS; WOMEN AB The effect of four menstrual cycle phases on changes in dietary intake, urinary nitrogen excretion, and urinary volume was examined in nine women confined to a metabolic unit, maintained at a constant activity level, and fed an ad libitum, rotating, staff-weighed diet. No significant changes in intakes of energy, protein, and fat occurred throughout the menstrual cycle although significant changes were found for intakes of ascorbic acid and water in food. A significant increase in consumption of carbonated, sugar-containing beverages was found in the luteal phase as was a significant increase in urine volume. Results suggest food choices and urine volume may be responsive to physiological regulators associated with hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle. Findings also suggest that energy intake is not altered across the menstrual cycle when physical activity is controlled and an accurate dietary assessment method is employed. RP FONG, AKH (reprint author), USDA ARS,WHNRC,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 26 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 43 EP 46 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KF476 UT WOS:A1993KF47600009 PM 8416663 ER PT J AU HALLFRISCH, J AF HALLFRISCH, J TI FRUCTOSE AND BLOOD CHOLESTEROL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter RP HALLFRISCH, J (reprint author), USDA,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 1 BP 89 EP 89 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KF476 UT WOS:A1993KF47600022 PM 8416673 ER PT J AU GOLINO, DA AF GOLINO, DA TI POTENTIAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ROOTSTOCKS AND GRAPEVINE LATENT VIRUSES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE DISEASE; LATENT; ROOTSTOCK; VIRUSES ID CLOSTEROVIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; LEAFROLL DISEASE AB Among the virus or virus-like agents which cause disease in grapevines are several which produce latent or non-symptomatic infections in Vitis vinifera. Research suggests that the severity of disease may vary according to the genotype of the rootstock which is grafted with infected scion wood. This may explain the reports of virus-like diseases which have been observed in California in vineyards where certified rootstock has been grafted with non-certified scion wood selections which appeared disease free when grafted on AXR#1. RP GOLINO, DA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 1993 VL 44 IS 2 BP 148 EP 152 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA LH438 UT WOS:A1993LH43800004 ER PT J AU ELLIS, KJ SHYPAILO, RJ SCHANLER, RJ LANGSTON, C AF ELLIS, KJ SHYPAILO, RJ SCHANLER, RJ LANGSTON, C TI BODY ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF THE NEONATE - NEW REFERENCE DATA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The total body elemental content of seventeen neonates at postmortem was examined; deaths had occurred within 10 days of birth. Body weights ranged from 510 to 4,050 g at examination; gestational ages at birth ranged from 24 to 42 weeks. Nondestructive in situ procedures were used: K-40 counting and delayed-gamma neutron activation analysis. The total body content of K, Ca, P, Na, and Cl was measured and compared with estimates for the reference fetus model. Body elemental contents were significantly correlated with body weight (r = 0.92-0.98, P < 0.001). These data will be useful in determining postnatal nutritional needs. (C) 1993 wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PATHOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP ELLIS, KJ (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1042-0533 J9 AM J HUM BIOL JI Am. J. Hum. Biol. PY 1993 VL 5 IS 3 BP 323 EP 330 DI 10.1002/ajhb.1310050311 PG 8 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA LK569 UT WOS:A1993LK56900010 ER PT J AU ZIEGLER, TE MATTERI, RL WEGNER, FH AF ZIEGLER, TE MATTERI, RL WEGNER, FH TI DETECTION OF URINARY GONADOTROPINS IN CALLITRICHID MONKEYS WITH A SENSITIVE IMMUNOASSAY BASED UPON A UNIQUE MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MARMOSETS; TAMARINS; URINARY LH AND CG; IMMUNOASSAY ID SAGUINUS-OEDIPUS-OEDIPUS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ESTROGEN EXCRETION AB A radioimmunological method for measuring urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) and chorionic gonadotropin (CG) excretion in the family Callitrichidae is described. The method uses a monoclonal antibody that will be available in virtually unlimited quantity. Several polyclonal antisera that have been useful for the detection of callitrichid gonadotropins are near depletion. The monoclonal antibody-based RIA provided similar results when compared with the mouse Leydig cell bioassay for LH and a previously validated polyclonal antibody-based RIA. When the monoclonal antibody is used for immunodetection of Saguinus oedipus LH by non-reducing SDS-PAGE, a single entity is recognized that corresponds with the molecular weight range of bioactive LH and appears to be in the normal range for LH in nonhuman primates. LH and CG were detected by the monoclonal antibody-based RIA in urine from representatives of species from all genera of callitrichids. Hormonal profiles of daily urine samples revealed the detection of the preovulatory LH surge by both RIA methods in the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) and pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea) and the increase in CG due to pregnancy in both species. Serial dilutions of midcycle and pregnancy urine from Saguinus, Callithrix, Leontopithecus, and Cebuella exhibited parallelism when compared with our in-house reference standard of rhesus monkey CG. Cultured Saguinus oedipus pituitary cells showed an increased release of LH when challenged by gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) providing further support that the monoclonal antibody-based RIA measures LH in this species. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,WISCONSIN REG PRIMATE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,ANIM SCI RES CTR S143,COLUMBIA,MO. RP ZIEGLER, TE (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PSYCHOL,1202 W JOHNSON ST,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PY 1993 VL 31 IS 3 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1002/ajp.1350310303 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MD078 UT WOS:A1993MD07800002 ER PT J AU PERINO, LJ SUTHERLAND, RL WOOLLEN, NE AF PERINO, LJ SUTHERLAND, RL WOOLLEN, NE TI SERUM GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-TRANSFERASE ACTIVITY AND PROTEIN-CONCENTRATION AT BIRTH AND AFTER SUCKLING IN CALVES WITH ADEQUATE AND INADEQUATE PASSIVE TRANSFER OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLOSTRAL TRANSFER; NEONATAL CALF AB In an effort to characterize the activity of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in newborn calves before and after suckling and to explore the usefulness of strum GGT as an indicator of failure of passive transfer in calves, blood samples were collected from the first calves of 48 cows at the time of birth and at 1 day of age. Serum was harvested, and concentrations of IgG and protein and activity of GGT were determined. Morbidity and mortality events were monitored from birth to weaning. Calves suckling colostrum had 10 and 1.3 times greater serum concentrations of IgG and protein, respectively, and a 26 times greater serum activity of GGT, compared with concentrations at birth, Increases in GGT activity and protein concentration were correlated to increases in IgG concentration. Calves classified as having failure of passive transfer (< 800 mg of IgG/dl) had a 9.5 times greater risk of becoming sick prior to weaning, compared with calves determined to have partial failure of passive transfer and clinically normal calves (P = 0.0004). The sensitivity and specificity of a cutoff value of 200 IU of GGT/L of serum for diagnosing failure of passive transfer were 80 and 97%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of a cutoff value of 4.2 g of protein/dl of serum for diagnosing failure of passive transfer were 80 and 100%, respectively. The Kappa values for diagnosis of failure of passive transfer, using serum concentrations of IgG vs activity of GGT, IgG vs protein, and GGT vs protein, were 0.72, 0.86, and 0.79, respectively. The value of using GGT activities for diagnosis of hepatic lesions is limited during at least the first week of life in calves that consume adequate amounts of colostrum. The most cost-effective and rapid indicator of passive immune status in this study was determination of serum total protein. Serum activity of GGT also gave reliable indications of passive immune status. Procedures used to determine these values were less expensive and gave results sooner than single radial immunodiffusion for IgG. C1 TEXAS A&M VET MED DIAGNOST LAB,AMARILLO,TX 79116. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP PERINO, LJ (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,GREAT PLAINS VET EDUC CTR,DEPT VET SCI,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 11 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 54 IS 1 BP 56 EP 59 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KH568 UT WOS:A1993KH56800008 PM 8093994 ER PT J AU SHUSTER, DE KEHRLI, ME STEVENS, MG AF SHUSTER, DE KEHRLI, ME STEVENS, MG TI CYTOKINE PRODUCTION DURING ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED MASTITIS IN LACTATING DAIRY-COWS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INDUCED BOVINE MASTITIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI MASTITIS; SOMATIC-CELL COUNT; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; FACTOR-ALPHA; FLUNIXIN MEGLUMINE; INTERLEUKIN-1; PATHOGENESIS; INFECTION AB The role of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha during endotoxin-induced mastitis in cows was characterized. Six cows had 10 mug of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide infused into 1 mammary gland. Three other cows served as nontreated controls. Within 1.5 to 2.5 hours after infusion, endotoxin caused obvious edema of the mammary gland and increased serum albumin concentration in milk of infused glands 6 times. Milk somatic cell count began to increase 3 to 5 hours after infusion in all treated glands. At 7 hours after infusion, somatic cell counts were increased > 10 times, compared with counts in milk from control cows. Pyrexia of > 1 C developed in only 1 cow, but all treated cows had serum cortisol concentrations > 50 ng/ml in response to endotoxin treatment. High concentrations of IL-1 (10 to 600 U/ml) and IL-6 (2 to 22 U/ml) were detected in milk of infused glands beginning 2.5 to 4 hours after infusion. Endotoxin did not induce detectable amounts of tumor necrosis factor activity in milk or serum. Swelling and mammary gland permeability changes preceded any detectable increase in IL-1 and IL-6 activity, indicating that these clinical signs of inflammation were not mediated by these cytokines. Systemic responses and the leukocytic influx into endotoxin-infused glands developed after or concurrently with initial increases in IL-1 and IL-6 activities in milk. These results suggested that IL-land IL-6 may have a role in mammary gland defenses and in the pathophysiologic changes during endotoxin-induced mastitis. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 37 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 54 IS 1 BP 80 EP 85 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KH568 UT WOS:A1993KH56800012 PM 8427476 ER PT J AU STABEL, JR KEHRLI, ME GOFF, JP AF STABEL, JR KEHRLI, ME GOFF, JP TI ENHANCEMENT OF LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION AND INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA TRANSCRIPTION BY RECOMBINANT BOVINE INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; B-CELL GROWTH; PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; PROLIFERATION; EXPRESSION; INVIVO; COWS; DIFFERENTIATION; ADJUVANTICITY AB Six nonpregnant, nonlactating Jersey cows, averaging 4 to 6 years old, were used to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of recombinant bovine interleukin 1beta (rBoIL-1beta). Cows were given 166 ng of rBoIL-1beta/kg of body weight at 8-hour intervals for 96 hours. Persistent leukocytosis was observed within 3 hours of rBoIL-1 treatment, peaking 24 hours after the first IL-1beta injection and returning to baseline values within 72 hours after cessation of IL-1beta treatment. Injection of cows with rBoIL-1beta stimulated lymphocyte-blastogenesis and mitochondrial methylthiazoltetrazolium cleavage activity in resting cell cultures. Increases in the aforementioned lymphocyte activities were also observed in stimulated blood mononuclear cell cultures during IL-1beta administration. Change in IgM production in cell cultures was not observed during IL-1beta treatment. Within 24 hours of the first IL-1beta injection, IL-1beta MRNA transcription in stimulated blood mononuclear cell cultures was markedly increased, suggesting that IL-1beta upregulates its own production in mononuclear cells. These data provide evidence that administration of cytokines, such as Rboil-1beta, enhances immune cell function and, therefore, may be useful in alleviating immunosuppression in cattle. RP STABEL, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,MYCOBACTERIOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 54 IS 1 BP 86 EP 91 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KH568 UT WOS:A1993KH56800013 PM 8427477 ER PT J AU PURDY, CW SCANLAN, CM LOAN, RW FOSTER, GS AF PURDY, CW SCANLAN, CM LOAN, RW FOSTER, GS TI IDENTIFICATION OF PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA-A1 ISOLATES FROM MARKET-STRESSED FEEDER CALVES BY USE OF ENZYME AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA AB An epidemiologic study of Pasteurella haemolytica serovar 1 (Ph1) in market-stressed feeder calves from 7 farms in eastern Tennessee was conducted. The nasal mucus of each calf was cultured sequentially at the farm of origin (day 0), at an auction market (day 133), and at a feedyard in Texas (days 141, 148, 155, and 169). Of the 103 calves tested, 77 were culture-positive, including 1 on day 0, 1 on day 133, 20 on day 141, 57 on day 148, 50 on day 155, and 14 on day 169. From the 143 Ph1 isolates, 20 enzyme profiles were determined by use of a commercial enzyme system that detects 19 enzymatic reactions; 4 antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were obtained, using the disk-diffusion method, which evaluated susceptibility to 11 antibacterial drugs. All isolates were positive for acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase, but were negative for alpha-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, cystine aminopeptidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and trypsin. Other positive enzyme reactions included: leucine aminopeptidase, 140 Ph1 isolates; phosphohydrolase, 90 isolates; alpha-fucosidase, 63 isolates; esterase (C4), 59 isolates; valine aminopeptidase, 30 isolates; esterase lipase (C8), 24 isolates; beta-galactosidase, 2 isolates; and alpha-glucosidase, chymotrypsin and lipase (C14), 1 isolate each. Thirty-four Ph1 profiles were identified, using combined enzyme and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. The data indicate that the strains isolated during the feedyard period may have been determined more by farm of origin (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.001) than by habitation with calves from other farms while in the feedyard. The combined enzyme and antimicrobial susceptibility profile method is a rapid and simple epidemiologic technique for tracking Ph1 strains in market-stressed feeder calves. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL VET MED,TEXAS VET MED CTR,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP PURDY, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 54 IS 1 BP 92 EP 98 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KH568 UT WOS:A1993KH56800014 PM 8427478 ER PT J AU LINDSAY, DS SPEER, CA TOIVIOKINNUCAN, MA DUBEY, JP BLAGBURN, BL AF LINDSAY, DS SPEER, CA TOIVIOKINNUCAN, MA DUBEY, JP BLAGBURN, BL TI USE OF INFECTED CULTURED-CELLS TO COMPARE ULTRASTRUCTURAL FEATURES OF NEOSPORA-CANINUM FROM DOGS AND TOXOPLASMA-GONDII SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CYST-FORMING SPOROZOON; SURFACE-PROTEINS; APICOMPLEXA; REDISTRIBUTION; PHAGOSOMES; SECRETION; PROTOZOA AB The ultrastructure of tachyzoites of 3 isolates of Neospora caninum from dogs was examined, using transmission electron microscopy of infected cultured cells. Ultrastructure of the 3 isolates was similar. Tachyzoites had a pellicle, 22 subpellicular microtubules, a conoid, anterior and posterior polar rings, 8 to 12 electron-dense rhoptries, numerous micronemes, a single vesicular nucleus, tubular mitochondria, Golgi complexes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticula, an inactive micropore, electron-dense bodies, lipid bodies, and amylopectin bodies. Most tachyzoites were located adjacent to the host cell nucleus in a parasitophorous vacuole that contained numerous intravacuolar tubules. Tachyzoites divided by endodyogeny. Neospora caninum tissue cysts were not seen. Comparison of N caninum with Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites indicated that the 2 species can be differentiated on the basis of structure and numbers of rhoptries and numbers and location of micronemes and electron-dense bodies. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MOLEC BIOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LINDSAY, DS (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 26 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 54 IS 1 BP 103 EP 106 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KH568 UT WOS:A1993KH56800016 PM 8427452 ER PT J AU KOCAN, KM GOFF, WL STILLER, D EDWARDS, W EWING, SA CLAYPOOL, PL MCGUIRE, TC HAIR, JA BARRON, SJ AF KOCAN, KM GOFF, WL STILLER, D EDWARDS, W EWING, SA CLAYPOOL, PL MCGUIRE, TC HAIR, JA BARRON, SJ TI DEVELOPMENT OF ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE IN SALIVARY-GLANDS OF MALE DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID THEILER; TRANSMISSION; STILES; COLONIES; TICKS; VARIABILIS; ADULT AB Development of the rickettsia, Anaplasma marginale, in salivary glands of male Dermacentor andersoni exposed as nymphs or adult ticks, was studied indirectly by inoculation of susceptible calves with homogenates and directly by examination, using light microscopy and a DNA probe; some unfed ticks were incubated before tissues were collected. Salivary gland homogenates made from ticks in every treatment group caused anaplasmosis when injected into susceptible calves; prepatent periods decreased as the time that ticks had fed increased. Colonies of A marginale were seen only in salivary glands of ticks exposed as adults and not in those exposed as nymphs; the percentage of salivary gland acini infected in these ticks increased linearly with feeding time. However, the probe detected A marginale DNA in salivary glands of ticks from both groups; the amount of DNA detected increased as feeding time was extended. The amount of A marginale DNA appeared to remain constant in gut tissues, but to increase in salivary glands. Salivary glands of adult-infected male ticks that were incubated, but did not feed a second time, became infected with A marginale, and the pattern of infection of acini varied with incubation temperature. Development of A marginale in salivary glands appears to be coordinated with the tick feeding cycle; highest infection rate was observed in ticks exposed as adults. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PARASITOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PUBL HLTH,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT MED & SURG,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,MOSCOW,ID 83843. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP KOCAN, KM (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 54 IS 1 BP 107 EP 112 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KH568 UT WOS:A1993KH56800017 PM 8427453 ER PT J AU ENDRES, KM SMITH, WP AF ENDRES, KM SMITH, WP TI INFLUENCE OF AGE, SEX, SEASON AND AVAILABILITY ON DEN SELECTION BY RACCOONS WITHIN THE CENTRAL BASIN OF TENNESSEE SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Fifteen raccoons were fitted with radio-transmitters and monitored from March 1987 to May 1988; 1091 locations were classified according to occurrence within three available den types: tree cavities, rock outcroppings and ground burrows. Overall use generally reflected availability of dens, but den use varied across seasons and among raccoons of different age and sex. Rock dens were used most often during winter, especially when temperatures fell below freezing; adult males showed the most frequent and consistent use of rock dens. Ground burrows were consistently used more often by juveniles, especially males, as compared to adults. Use of ground burrows by the raccoon population was greatest during autumn. Females consistently used tree cavities more frequently than males; the greatest disparity occurred during summer and was associated with parturition and rearing of young. C1 TENNESSEE TECHNOL UNIV,CTR MANAGEMENT UTILIZAT & PROTECT WATER RESOURCES,COOKEVILLE,TN 38505. TENNESSEE TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT BIOL,COOKEVILLE,TN 38505. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,SO HARDWOODS LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 50 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 129 IS 1 BP 116 EP 131 DI 10.2307/2426440 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KF514 UT WOS:A1993KF51400012 ER PT J AU TAULMAN, JF WILLIAMSON, JH AF TAULMAN, JF WILLIAMSON, JH TI A SIMPLE APPARATUS AND TECHNIQUE FOR ANESTHETIZING RACCOONS SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Note ID METHOXYFLURANE; MUSKRATS AB We describe the design and use of a plexiglass anesthetizing box to be placed over an occupied live trap and used with an inhalant anesthetic. This apparatus is inexpensive, safe and easy to use, provides short induction and recovery times, and may minimize stress on the captured raccoon (Procyon lotor). C1 US FOREST SERV,WILDLIFE HABITAT & SILVICULTURE LAB,NACOGDOCHES,TX 75962. RP TAULMAN, JF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 1270,FED BLDG,HOT SPRINGS,AR 71902, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 129 IS 1 BP 210 EP 214 DI 10.2307/2426451 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KF514 UT WOS:A1993KF51400023 ER PT J AU PAVEK, JJ BROWN, CR MARTIN, MW CORSINI, DL AF PAVEK, JJ BROWN, CR MARTIN, MW CORSINI, DL TI INHERITANCE OF BLACKSPOT BRUISE RESISTANCE IN POTATO SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; POTATO BREEDING; DIALLEL AB Inheritance of blackspot bruise reaction in tetraploid potato was studied using a five-parent half-diallel, including parental selfs. The parents were chosen to represent the full range of blackspot reactions. Four 12-plant replications of each family were grown at Aberdeen, Idaho and at Prosser, Washington. The abrasive-peel method was used to evaluate the blackspot reaction. Highly significant general combining ability (GCA) effects and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were observed for this trait. The GCA and SCA variances represented 59% and 9%, respectively, of the total variance. GCA effects are presented for the parents. The narrow sense heritability was 0.85. These results indicate that breeding for resistance to blackspot should be successful if resistant parents are used; backcrossing may be needed. C1 USDA ARS,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXT,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP PAVEK, JJ (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,CTR RES & EXT,USDA ARS,ABERDEEN,ID 83210, USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1007/BF02848646 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ595 UT WOS:A1993KJ59500005 ER PT J AU DEAHL, KL SINDEN, SL YOUNG, RJ AF DEAHL, KL SINDEN, SL YOUNG, RJ TI EVALUATION OF WILD TUBER-BEARING SOLANUM ACCESSIONS FOR FOLIAR GLYCOALKALOID LEVEL AND COMPOSITION SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ALKALOID; GERMPLASM ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; LEPTINE GLYCOALKALOIDS; RESISTANCE FACTORS; CHACOENSE BITTER; INHERITANCE; CULTIVARS AB Six hundred forty-five accessions of 70 Solanum species and six natural hybrids were, screened for foliar glycoalkaloids. Total foliar glycoalkaloid (TFGA) level and glycoalkaloid composition of one or more accessions each species were determined by TLC and GLC analyses. Of the more than 12 different glycoalkaloids found in the wild species in this survey, solanine and chaconine account for more than 60% of the TFGA found in the foliage of these plants. There was wide variation in the total glycoalkaloid levels among the species. S. neocardenasii had the highest average TFGA value of the 70 species, 222 mg/100 g fresh wt (222 mg %) and an accession of S. chaocoense had the highest TFGA value recorded in the survey, 486 mg %. Of the 70 species, only 11 had average TFGA levels of more than 100 mg %. However, one or more accessions in 27 of the species synthesized more than 100 mg %. Forty-five species synthesized an average level of less than 50 mg %. The level usually found in the foliage of commercial potato cultivars is about 50 mg %. Therefore, most of the Solanum species in the potato germplasm collection can be considered low glycoalkaloid species. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. RP DEAHL, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1007/BF02848648 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KJ595 UT WOS:A1993KJ59500007 ER PT J AU LOEB, MJ AF LOEB, MJ TI HORMONAL-CONTROL OF GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION IN THE ARTHROPODS - INTRODUCTION TO THE SYMPOSIUM SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON HORMONAL CONTROL OF GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION IN ARTHROPODS, AT THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN-SOC-OF-ZOOLOGISTS CY DEC 27-30, 1991 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS, DIV COMPARAT ENDOCRINOL ID JUVENILE-HORMONE; VIVIPAROUS COCKROACH; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; DIPLOPTERA-PUNCTATA; TOBACCO HORNWORM; CORPORA ALLATA; ARGASID TICK; INVITRO; ECDYSONE; INSECTS AB An overview of hormonal control of growth and reproduction in the arthropods is presented. RP LOEB, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0003-1569 J9 AM ZOOL JI Am. Zool. PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 303 EP 307 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LY610 UT WOS:A1993LY61000002 ER PT J AU OBERLANDER, H AF OBERLANDER, H TI SCHNEIDERMAN,HOWARD,A. - PLANETARY PATRIOT SO AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST LA English DT Item About an Individual CT SYMP ON HORMONAL CONTROL OF GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION IN ARTHROPODS, AT THE 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN-SOC-OF-ZOOLOGISTS CY DEC 27-30, 1991 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS, DIV COMPARAT ENDOCRINOL AB This symposium on arthropod development is dedicated to the memory of Howard A. Schneiderman, who died on December 5, 1990. Howard devoted much of his professional life to research on arthropods and was the author of numerous publications on the developmental biology of moths and flies. At Case-Western Reserve University and at the University of California-Irvine he founded research institutes devoted to developmental biology on arthropods as well as other organisms. Howard Schneiderman championed the use of insect growth regulators, which derived from his research on the chemistry and physiology of juvenile hormone, as environmentally innocuous methods of controlling insect pests of our food and fiber. In recent years he was a proponent of the use of molecular biology to alter the plant genome so that insect-resistant crops might be grown and thereby reduce the use of insecticides. His global perspective was evident in his understanding of how biotechnology could be applied to world agriculture. Moreover, he quickly achieved prominence in promoting industry-university relations in his capacity as Senior Vice President for Research and Development at the Monsanto Company. The cooperation among academic and industrial institutions that he fostered stands as a model for such relationships. Howard Schneiderman's influence on science and its applications, and on the university-industry interface was profound and will be felt for many years to come. RP OBERLANDER, H (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0003-1569 J9 AM ZOOL JI Am. Zool. PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 308 EP 315 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LY610 UT WOS:A1993LY61000003 ER PT J AU MATTHEWS, BF HUGHES, CA AF MATTHEWS, BF HUGHES, CA TI NUTRITIONAL IMPROVEMENT OF THE ASPARTATE FAMILY OF AMINO-ACIDS IN EDIBLE CROP PLANTS SO AMINO ACIDS LA English DT Review DE AMINO ACIDS; LYSINE; METHIONINE; NUTRITIONAL IMPROVEMENT; ASPARTOKINASE ID LYSINE-PLUS-THREONINE; CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; DIHYDRODIPICOLINATE SYNTHASE; STORAGE PROTEIN; NICOTIANA-SYLVESTRIS; PETUNIA PLANTS; GAMMA-ZEIN; HOMOSERINE DEHYDROGENASE; METHIONINE CONTENT; TRANSGENIC PLANTS AB Plants are the primary source of protein for man and livestock, however, not all plants produce proteins which contain a balance of amino acids for the diet to ensure proper growth of livestock and humans. Alteration of the amino acid composition of plants may be accomplished using techniques of molecular biology and genetic engineering. Genes encoding key enzymes regulating the synthesis of lysine and threonine have been cloned from plants and E. coli and are available for modification and transformation into plants. Genes encoding seed storage proteins have been cloned and modified to encode more lysine residues for developing transgenic plants with higher seed lysine. Genes encoding seed storage proteins naturally higher in methionine have been cloned and expressed in transgenic plants, increasing methionine levels of the seed. These and other approaches hold great promise in their application to increasing the content of essential amino acids in plants. RP MATTHEWS, BF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BLDG 006,RM 118,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 64 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0939-4451 J9 AMINO ACIDS JI Amino Acids PY 1993 VL 4 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 34 DI 10.1007/BF00805798 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LC116 UT WOS:A1993LC11600003 PM 24190554 ER PT J AU WARE, GM FRANCIS, O KUAN, SS UMRIGAR, P CARMAN, A CARTER, L BENNETT, GA AF WARE, GM FRANCIS, O KUAN, SS UMRIGAR, P CARMAN, A CARTER, L BENNETT, GA TI DETERMINATION OF FUMONISIN-B1 IN CORN BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE FUMONISIN-B1; CORN SAMPLE; FLUORESCENCE; DETERMINATION; DERIVATIZATION; REAGENT; NAPHTHALENE-2,3-DICARBOXALDEHYDE; HPLC ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; CARCINOGENICITY; RATS AB A method is described for the determination of fumonisin B1 in corn. The method involves sample extraction with methanol:water (75:25) and partial purification using a solid phase extraction. Fumonisin B1 is reacted with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA) to produce a highly fluorescent derivative, 1-cyano-2-alkyl-benz[f]isoindole (CBI) and then separated from the sample matrix on a reverse phase C-18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile:water:acetic acid (55:45:1). The NDA-derivative is quantitated by fluorescence detection at 410 nm excitation and a 440 nm, long past emission filter. Recoveries of fumonisin B1 added to corn at levels of 0.25-20.0 mug/g averaged 88.1% with a coefficient of variation of 10.3%. Confirmation of fumonisin B1 in corn samples was accomplished by fast atom bombardment (FAB) spectroscopy. C1 USDA,NCAUR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP WARE, GM (reprint author), US FDA,NAT TOXINS RES CTR,4298 ELYSIAN FIELDS AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70122, USA. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 1993 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1751 EP 1770 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA LL488 UT WOS:A1993LL48800015 ER PT B AU FLEMING, R AF FLEMING, R GP INT DAIRY FEDERAT TI ASPECTS OF QUALITY CONTROL OF INFRA-RED INSTRUMENTS SO ANALYTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE AND GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE IN DAIRY LABORATORIES SE INTERNATIONAL DAIRY FEDERATION SPECIAL ISSUE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Seminar on Analytical Quality Assurance and Good Laboratory Practice in Dairy Laboratories CY MAY 18-20, 1992 CL SONTHOFEN, GERMANY SP INT DAIRY FEDERAT, ASSOC OFFICIAL ANAL CHEMISTS, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, VERBAND DEUT MILCHWIRTSCHAFT RP FLEMING, R (reprint author), USDA,AGR MKT SERV,DIV DAIRY,TEXAS MILK MKT AREA,POB 110939,CARROLLTON,TX 75011, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT DAIRY FEDERAT PI BRUSSELS PA 41 SQUARE VERGOTE, B-1040 BRUSSELS, BELGIUM BN 92-9098-010-2 J9 INT DAIRY F PY 1993 IS 9320 BP 236 EP 243 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BZ45C UT WOS:A1993BZ45C00028 ER PT J AU TYREE, MT SINCLAIR, B LU, P GRANIER, A AF TYREE, MT SINCLAIR, B LU, P GRANIER, A TI WHOLE SHOOT HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE IN QUERCUS SPECIES MEASURED WITH A NEW HIGH-PRESSURE FLOWMETER SO ANNALES DES SCIENCES FORESTIERES LA English DT Article DE QUERCUS; HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE; WATER STRESS ID SUB-STOMATAL CAVITIES; PETRAEA MATT LIEBL; TREES; EVAPORATION AB Whole shoot resistance to water flow was measured in 4 species of oak, Quercus robur L, Q petraea Matt Liebl, Q pubescens Willd, and Q rubra L. Shoots were 1.1 to 1.5 m long with 16-19 mm basal wood diameter and were 4-8 yr old. Whole shoot resistances accounted for 20-40% of the total resistance to water flow from soils to leaves based on comparisons with literature values. Leaf blade resistances accounted for 80-90% of total shoot resistances measured in this study. Stem resistances to water flow were approximate to twice as large in Q robur than in the other species which had comparable stem resistances. Differences in shoot resistance between Q robur versus Q petrae are discussed in terms of the differential response of these species to drought in mixed stands. C1 INRA,PHYSIOL INTEGREE ARBRE FRUITIER LAB,F-63039 CLERMONT FERRAND,FRANCE. INRA,ECOPHYSIOL FORESTIERE LAB,F-54280 CHAMPENOUX,FRANCE. RP TYREE, MT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,POB 968,BURLINGTON,VT 05402, USA. RI Lu, Ping/B-3904-2008 OI Lu, Ping/0000-0001-8027-3823 NR 17 TC 79 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 16 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0003-4312 J9 ANN SCI FOREST JI Ann. Sci. For. PY 1993 VL 50 IS 5 BP 417 EP 423 DI 10.1051/forest:19930501 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MM896 UT WOS:A1993MM89600001 ER PT J AU ROGERS, R JOHNSON, PS LOFTIS, DL AF ROGERS, R JOHNSON, PS LOFTIS, DL TI AN OVERVIEW OF OAK SILVICULTURE IN THE UNITED-STATES - THE PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE SO ANNALES DES SCIENCES FORESTIERES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Technical Session on Improvement and Silviculture of Oaks, at the IUFRO Centennial Meeting CY 1992 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG DE OAK; SILVICULTURE; REGENERATION; THINNING; MODEL ID NORTHERN RED OAK; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; QUERCUS-RUBRA; WISCONSIN AB Oaks (Quercus) are important components of forest systems throughout the United States. This overview describes past, present, and future silvicultural practices within the oak-hickory ecosystem of the United States. Past land-use activities favored oak development, but wild-fire and livestock grazing controls have caused severe oak regeneration problems that were not recognized until recently. Prescriptions for weedings, cleanings and the use of stocking charts to control intermediate thinnings were early silvicultural developments. More recently, growth and yield models for managed stands were developed to predict current and future timber volumes. Currently, silviculturists are developing solutions to natural and artificial regeneration problems. Research results indicate that, other factors being equal, regeneration success is favored by simultaneously reducing over and understory densities and that oak seedling survival and development is enhanced in large seedlings that have high root to shoot ratios. Future silvicultural practices will have an ecosystems focus. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,ASHEVILLE,NC 28802. RP ROGERS, R (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,STEVENS POINT,WI 54481, USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0003-4312 J9 ANN SCI FOREST JI Ann. Sci. For. PY 1993 VL 50 IS 6 BP 535 EP 542 DI 10.1051/forest:19930602 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MT659 UT WOS:A1993MT65900002 ER PT J AU TECLAW, RM ISEBRANDS, JG AF TECLAW, RM ISEBRANDS, JG TI AN ARTIFICIAL REGENERATION SYSTEM FOR ESTABLISHING NORTHERN RED OAK ON DRY-MESIC SITES IN THE LAKE STATES, USA SO ANNALES DES SCIENCES FORESTIERES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Technical Session on Improvement and Silviculture of Oaks, at the IUFRO Centennial Meeting CY 1992 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG DE QUERCUS-RUBRA; CLEAR-CUT; HERBICIDE; SHELTERWOOD; BAREROOT STOCK; CONTAINERIZED STOCK; SILVICULTURE AB Artificial regeneration of northern red oak is difficult to achieve in the Lake States, USA. A replicated study was established in northern Wisconsin in 1990 to determine the effect of overstory density and understory competition on the performance of barefoot and containerized northern red oak seedlings on dry-mesic sites. The relationship between seedling performance and the number of first-order lateral roots on the seedlings was also tested. Seedling performance was evaluated under 3 overstory densities (each 0.3 ha) - a clearcut, 25%, and 50% crown covers in combination with (and without) understory vegetation control with herbicide. Height growth was greater for containerized seedlings than barefoot stock after 2 and 3 growing seasons. After 2 yr seedling growth was greatest in the sprayed clearcut plots, but was only slightly greater than the unsprayed plots under the 25% crown cover (barefoot 25.5 vs 23.8 cm, and containerized 33.0 vs 31.2 cm, respectively). After 3 yr seedling height growth was significantly greater in the unsprayed plots under the 25% crown cover for both the barefoot and containerized seedlings when compared to all other overstory/understory treatment combinations examined in the study. Early performance results suggest that the light shelterwood silvicultural method (ie 25% crown cover) without chemical control of vegetation is preferred for establishing northern red oak on dry-mesic sites, when compared to the more traditional management schemes. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,POB 898,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0003-4312 J9 ANN SCI FOREST JI Ann. Sci. For. PY 1993 VL 50 IS 6 BP 543 EP 552 DI 10.1051/forest:19930603 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MT659 UT WOS:A1993MT65900003 ER PT J AU WARD, KE HAYES, JL NAVASERO, RC HARDEE, DD AF WARD, KE HAYES, JL NAVASERO, RC HARDEE, DD TI GENETIC-VARIABILITY IN OVIPOSITION PREFERENCE AMONG AND WITHIN POPULATIONS OF THE COTTON BOLLWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA-ZEA; OVIPOSITION PREFERENCE; ADDITIVE GENETIC VARIABILITY ID HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; ARMIGERA HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA; DROSOPHILA-TRIPUNCTATA; HOST PREFERENCE; SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLIES; PERFORMANCE; ADAPTATION; DIFFERENTIATION; HERITABILITY; RESISTANCE AB We investigated genetic variability in oviposition preference between and within colonies of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), originating from southern Texas, central North Carolina, and the Mississippi Delta. We established preference hierarchies using choice tests in which terminals of pubescent and glabrous lines of cotton and soybean were offered. Preferences of populations were compared using MANOVA techniques. The quantitative genetic technique of half-sibling analysis was used to estimate within-colony heritabilities of oviposition preference and genetic correlations between preference and pupal weight, developmental time, longevity, and fecundity. The Mississippi colony showed a significantly stronger preference for cotton than the other colonies, which did not differ significantly from one another. This difference is probably genetically based and could be related to the relative abundance of cotton coupled with the lack of host-crop heterogeneity in the Mississippi Delta region relative to the colonies originating from Texas and North Carolina. Half-sibling analyses detected significant levels of heritable genetic variability in oviposition preference in the Mississippi colony. In addition, a positive genetic correlation was found between proportion of eggs laid on hairy cotton and fecundity. These results suggest the potential for evolutionary change in oviposition preference by the population of H. zea in the Mississippi Delta. However, caution should be used in extrapolating results of this small-scale laboratory study to the field. C1 USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 86 IS 1 BP 103 EP 110 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KH216 UT WOS:A1993KH21600011 ER PT J AU MILLAR, CI AF MILLAR, CI TI IMPACT OF THE EOCENE ON THE EVOLUTION OF PINUS-L SO ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN LA English DT Article ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PETRIFIED CONE; VEGETATION; OLIGOCENE; HISTORY; PINES; ORIGIN; LEAVES AB Pinus evolved in middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in the middle Mesozoic. By the late Cretaceous pines had spread east and west throughout Laurasia, attaining high diversity in eastern Asia, the eastern United States, and western Europe, but having little representation at high northern latitudes. Changing climates in the early Tertiary established warm and humid tropical/subtropical conditions in a broad zone to 70-degrees-N throughout middle latitudes. Pines and their relatives disappeared from many middle-latitude areas during this time and were replaced by diverse angiosperm taxa of the boreotropical flora, which were adapted to the equable, tropical climate. The effect of this climate change and spread of boreotropical flora was to displace pines from their former habitats. A hypothesis is defended that pines shifted, during the three warm periods of the Eocene, into three major refugial areas in the Northern Hemisphere: high latitudes, low latitudes, and upland regions of middle latitudes, especially in western North America. Some of these refugial areas (e.g., Mexico/Central America) underwent active volcanism and mountain-building in the Eocene and became secondary centers of pine diversity. Many phylogenetic patterns within Pinus can be traced to this fragmentation, isolation, and evolution in Eocene refugia. Subsections Oocarpae and Sabinianae appear to have originated from refugia in Mexico and Central America. Older subsections such as Sylvestres, Ponderosae, Contortae, and Strobi were distributed over several refugia; subsections Leiophyllae, Australes, and Cembroides evolved in southern refugia in North America; and Canarienses evolved in southern refugia along the Tethys seaway in Eurasia. Following the cooling and drying of the climate at the end of the Eocene, many angiosperm taxa of the boreotropical flora became extinct and pines recolonized middle latitudes, a zone they have occupied to the present. Migration out of refugia provided additional opportunities for hybridization and introgression, as formerly isolated lineages expanded and met. RP MILLAR, CI (reprint author), USDA FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,INST FOREST GENET,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 153 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 10 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 SN 0026-6493 J9 ANN MO BOT GARD JI Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. PY 1993 VL 80 IS 2 BP 471 EP 498 DI 10.2307/2399795 PG 28 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LC647 UT WOS:A1993LC64700014 ER PT J AU HASTINGS, A HOM, CL ELLNER, S TURCHIN, P GODFRAY, HCJ AF HASTINGS, A HOM, CL ELLNER, S TURCHIN, P GODFRAY, HCJ TI CHAOS IN ECOLOGY - IS MOTHER-NATURE A STRANGE ATTRACTOR SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS LA English DT Review DE STABILITY; STOCHASTICITY; DYNAMICS; LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; TIME SERIES; MODELS ID PREDATOR-PREY MODELS; TIME-SERIES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; BIOLOGICAL POPULATIONS; NOISE-REDUCTION; NONOVERLAPPING GENERATIONS; DROSOPHILA POPULATION; DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS; LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS; DENSITY DEPENDENCE AB We review the role of chaos and the study of chaos in ecology. We use sensitive dependence on initial conditions as the best heuristic definition of chaos. This definition forms the common theme for our review of approaches for demonstrating the importance of chaos in ecology. We emphasize that this definition of chaos can include the effects of noise, and that there is no dichotomy between stochasticity and chaos. We review three classes of approaches for studying chaos in ecology: models, analysis of time series, and experiments. Current ideas from modelling approaches demonstrate the plausibility of chaos. New approaches for analyzing time series are based on using the presence of a positive Lvapunov exponent to indicate sensitive dependence on initial conditions. The methods can deal with relatively short time series that include the effects of noise, with chaotic dynamics appearing in at least some cases. Experimental work is just beginning, spurred by modelling results and the new methods for analyzing times series. We suggest directions tor further work in each of these approaches. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,INST THEORET DYNAM,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT MATH,DAVIS,CA 95616. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,BIOMATH PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT BIOL,ASCOT SL5 7PY,BERKS,ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI & TECHNOL,NERC,CTR POPULAT BIOL,ASCOT SL5 7PY,BERKS,ENGLAND. RP HASTINGS, A (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DIV ENVIRONM STUDIES,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI Hastings, Alan/A-7423-2008 NR 164 TC 294 Z9 304 U1 5 U2 53 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4162 J9 ANNU REV ECOL SYST JI Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. PY 1993 VL 24 BP 1 EP 33 PG 33 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA MJ371 UT WOS:A1993MJ37100001 ER PT J AU SCHOLL, PJ AF SCHOLL, PJ TI BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF CATTLE GRUBS SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE HYPODERMA-LINEATUM; HYPODERMA-BOVIS; HEEL FLY; WARBLE; GADDING ID HYPODERMA-LINEATUM DIPTERA; WARBLE FLY; KINETIC DEVELOPMENT; CRUDE COLLAGENASE; SOLUBLE-PROTEINS; BOVIS DIPTERA; PILOT TEST; OESTRIDAE; PARASITES; IVERMECTIN RP SCHOLL, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES LAB, KERRVILLE, TX 78029 USA. NR 229 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 EI 1545-4487 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 1993 VL 38 BP 53 EP 70 DI 10.1146/annurev.en.38.010193.000413 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KF697 UT WOS:A1993KF69700003 PM 8424627 ER PT J AU MITTER, C POOLE, RW MATTHEWS, M AF MITTER, C POOLE, RW MATTHEWS, M TI BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE HELIOTHINAE (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE INSECTA; HELIOTHIS; SYSTEMATICS; PHYLOGENY; HOST-PLANT ASSOCIATIONS ID PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; HOST SPECIFICITY; SPECIALIZATION; EVOLUTION; VIRESCENS; RELEASE C1 NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. NAT HIST MUSEUM,DEPT ENTOMOL,LONDON SW7 5BD,ENGLAND. RP MITTER, C (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 68 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 13 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4170 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 1993 VL 38 BP 207 EP 225 DI 10.1146/annurev.en.38.010193.001231 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KF697 UT WOS:A1993KF69700010 ER PT J AU LIEBHOLD, AM ROSSI, RE KEMP, WP AF LIEBHOLD, AM ROSSI, RE KEMP, WP TI GEOSTATISTICS AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS IN APPLIED INSECT ECOLOGY SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; SPATIAL STATISTICS; COMPUTERS; POPULATION ECOLOGY ID SPATIAL AUTO-CORRELATION; POPULATION-GENETICS; AUTOCORRELATION; GRASSHOPPER; PATTERNS; DISTRIBUTIONS; METHODOLOGY; SIMULATION; VARIOGRAM; BIOLOGY C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP LIEBHOLD, AM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,180 CANFIELD ST,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 105 TC 231 Z9 304 U1 4 U2 32 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4170 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 1993 VL 38 BP 303 EP 327 DI 10.1146/annurev.en.38.010193.001511 PG 25 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KF697 UT WOS:A1993KF69700014 ER PT J AU RAINA, AK AF RAINA, AK TI NEUROENDOCRINE CONTROL OF SEX-PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS IN LEPIDOPTERA SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE PHEROMONE PRODUCTION IN MOTHS; NEUROPEPTIDES; PBAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; PHEROMONOTROPIC ASSAYS ID C-14 ACETATE INCORPORATION; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; BOMBYX-MORI; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; CORPORA CARDIACA; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; BRAIN HORMONE RP RAINA, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST AGR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 117 TC 129 Z9 138 U1 2 U2 11 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4170 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 1993 VL 38 BP 329 EP 349 DI 10.1146/annurev.en.38.010193.001553 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KF697 UT WOS:A1993KF69700015 PM 8424626 ER PT J AU RILEY, RT NORRED, WP BACON, CW AF RILEY, RT NORRED, WP BACON, CW TI FUNGAL TOXINS IN FOODS - RECENT CONCERNS SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; FUMONISINS; MYCOTOXINS ID F-SP-LYCOPERSICI; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; FUMONISIN CONTAMINATED CORN; FUSARIUM SECTION LISEOLA; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER AREAS; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; PULMONARY-EDEMA; SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; MYCOTOXINS FUMONISIN-B1; COMPLEX SPHINGOLIPIDS RP RILEY, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 137 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 3 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0199-9885 J9 ANNU REV NUTR JI Annu. Rev. Nutr. PY 1993 VL 13 BP 167 EP 189 DI 10.1146/annurev.nu.13.070193.001123 PG 23 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LQ758 UT WOS:A1993LQ75800008 PM 8369143 ER PT J AU IACONO, JM DOUGHERTY, RM AF IACONO, JM DOUGHERTY, RM TI EFFECTS OF POLYUNSATURATED FATS ON BLOOD-PRESSURE SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE HYPERTENSION; DIET; N-6 FATTY ACIDS; N-3 FATTY ACIDS; PROSTAGLANDINS ID SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS; DIETARY LINOLEIC-ACID; FISH OIL; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; PROSTAGLANDIN-E; ENRICHED DIET; SERUM-LIPIDS; HERRING DIET; RICH DIET; EXCRETION RP IACONO, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 95 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 1 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0199-9885 J9 ANNU REV NUTR JI Annu. Rev. Nutr. PY 1993 VL 13 BP 243 EP 260 DI 10.1146/annurev.nutr.13.1.243 PG 18 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LQ758 UT WOS:A1993LQ75800011 PM 8369147 ER PT J AU SCHAFER, JF AF SCHAFER, JF TI PIONEER LEADERS IN PLANT PATHOLOGY - CALDWELL,RALPH,M SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Item About an Individual DE CEREAL BREEDING; DISEASE RESISTANCE; DIVERSITY; DURABLE RESISTANCE RP SCHAFER, JF (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 1993 VL 31 BP 33 EP & DI 10.1146/annurev.py.31.090193.000341 PG 0 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LX756 UT WOS:A1993LX75600003 PM 18643755 ER PT J AU COOK, RJ AF COOK, RJ TI MAKING GREATER USE OF INTRODUCED MICROORGANISMS FOR BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF PLANT-PATHOGENS SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE ANTAGONISTS; ANTIBIOSIS; MYCOPARASITISM; COMPETITION; SUPPRESSIVE SOILS ID GRAMINIS-VAR-TRITICI; TAKE-ALL DECLINE; GAEUMANNOMYCES-GRAMINIS; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; SEED TREATMENTS; CROWN GALL; WHEAT; RHIZOSPHERE; DISEASES RP COOK, RJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ROOT DIS & BIOL CONTROL RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 111 TC 278 Z9 348 U1 5 U2 35 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 1993 VL 31 BP 53 EP 80 PG 28 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LX756 UT WOS:A1993LX75600005 PM 18643761 ER PT J AU HENSON, JM FRENCH, R AF HENSON, JM FRENCH, R TI THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AND PLANT-DISEASE DIAGNOSIS SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE PHYTOPATHOGEN; DETECTION; DIAGNOSTICS; IMMUNO-PCR DNA AMPLIFICATION ID ENZYMATIC CDNA AMPLIFICATION; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS; NUCLEIC-ACID HYBRIDIZATION; REPETITIVE DNA-SEQUENCES; FUNGI COLONIZING ROOTS; YELLOW MOSAIC-VIRUS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; MESSENGER-RNA; REACTION PCR; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP HENSON, JM (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 178 TC 307 Z9 341 U1 1 U2 14 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 1993 VL 31 BP 81 EP 109 DI 10.1146/annurev.py.31.090193.000501 PG 29 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LX756 UT WOS:A1993LX75600006 PM 18643762 ER PT J AU NELSON, PE DESJARDINS, AE PLATTNER, RD AF NELSON, PE DESJARDINS, AE PLATTNER, RD TI FUMONISINS, MYCOTOXINS PRODUCED BY FUSARIUM SPECIES - BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY, AND SIGNIFICANCE SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE MONILIFORMIN; NEUROTOXIC DISEASE; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; PORCINE PULMONARY EDEMA; CORN-BASED FOODS ID F-SP-LYCOPERSICI; HUMAN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; SECTION LISEOLA; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; PULMONARY-EDEMA; MONILIFORME; CORN; TOXIN; RATS; STRAINS C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP NELSON, PE (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FUSARIUM RES CTR,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 58 TC 291 Z9 309 U1 0 U2 24 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 1993 VL 31 BP 233 EP 252 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LX756 UT WOS:A1993LX75600013 PM 18643768 ER PT J AU DEWAARD, MA GEORGOPOULOS, SG HOLLOMON, DW ISHII, H LEROUX, P RAGSDALE, NN SCHWINN, FJ AF DEWAARD, MA GEORGOPOULOS, SG HOLLOMON, DW ISHII, H LEROUX, P RAGSDALE, NN SCHWINN, FJ TI CHEMICAL CONTROL OF PLANT-DISEASES - PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CROP PROTECTION; DESIGN; FIELD; RISK; GENE C1 LAPAPHARM INC,DEPT AGR,ATHENS,GA. UNIV BRISTOL,IACR,DEPT AGR SCI,BRISTOL BS8 1TH,AVON,ENGLAND. MAFF,FRUIT TREE RES STN,TSUKUBA,JAPAN. INRA,PHYTOPHARM STN,F-78000 VERSAILLES,FRANCE. USDA,NATL AGR PESTICIDE ASSESSMENT IMPACT PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV BASEL,INST BOT,CH-4051 BASEL,SWITZERLAND. RP DEWAARD, MA (reprint author), AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT PHYTOPATHOL,6700 HB WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. NR 82 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 8 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 1993 VL 31 BP 403 EP 421 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.31.1.403 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LX756 UT WOS:A1993LX75600020 ER PT J AU RUBINSTEIN, B LUSTER, DG AF RUBINSTEIN, B LUSTER, DG TI PLASMA-MEMBRANE REDOX ACTIVITY - COMPONENTS AND ROLE IN PLANT PROCESSES SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE PLASMA MEMBRANE; OXIDATION-REDUCTION; ELECTRON TRANSPORT; BETA-TYPE CYTOCHROMES; QUINONES; DIOXYGEN REDUCTION; PLANT DEFENSE; FE-DEFICIENCY STRESS; PROTON EXCRETION; GROWTH REGULATION; BLUE LIGHT ID GUARD-CELL PROTOPLASTS; TOMATO LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; YEAST SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; NADH-FERRICYANIDE REDUCTASE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE FORMATION; FREE-FLOW ELECTROPHORESIS; B-TYPE CYTOCHROMES; BLUE-LIGHT; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; RESPIRATORY BURST C1 USDA ARS,FREDERICK,MD 21702. RP RUBINSTEIN, B (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT BIOL,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 146 TC 118 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 3 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4294 J9 ANNU REV PLANT PHYS JI Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Molec. Biol. PY 1993 VL 44 BP 131 EP 155 PG 25 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA LE090 UT WOS:A1993LE09000007 ER PT J AU BUSH, DR AF BUSH, DR TI PROTON-COUPLED SUGAR AND AMINO-ACID TRANSPORTERS IN PLANTS SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE SYMPORT; ANTIPORT; CARRIER; ASSIMILATE PARTITIONING; MEMBRANE PROTEIN ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE VESICLES; DEVELOPING SOYBEAN COTYLEDONS; BETA-VULGARIS L; BARLEY MESOPHYLL PROTOPLASTS; RICINUS-COMMUNIS L; RED BEET TISSUE; SUCROSE TRANSPORT; GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER; SUSPENSION CELLS; DELTA-PH C1 UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT PLANT BIOL, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. RP UNIV ILLINOIS, USDA ARS, PHOTOSYNTHESIS RES UNIT, 196 PABL, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. NR 147 TC 265 Z9 279 U1 4 U2 30 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1040-2519 J9 ANNU REV PLANT PHYS JI Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Molec. Biol. PY 1993 VL 44 BP 513 EP 542 DI 10.1146/annurev.arplant.44.1.513 PG 30 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA LE090 UT WOS:A1993LE09000022 ER PT J AU THISTLE, HW BARRY, JW TESKE, ME AF THISTLE, HW BARRY, JW TESKE, ME GP ASSOC NATL PROTECT PLANTS AND BRIT CROP PROTECT COUNCIL TI DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE FSCBG MODEL FOR THE SIMULATION OF SPRAY DRIFT SO ANPP ANNALES, VOL 1 AND 2, 1993: SECOND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PESTICIDES APPLICATION TECHNIQUES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ANPP-BCPC 2nd International Symposium on Pesticides Application Techniques CY SEP 22-24, 1993 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE SP ASSOC NATL PROTECT PLANTES, BRIT CROP PROTECT COUNCIL DE SPRAY DRIFT; AERIAL APPLICATION; PESTICIDE APPLICATION SIMULATION; COMPUTER MODELING C1 US FOREST SERV,MISSOULA TECHNOL & DEV CTR,MISSOULA,MT. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH CROP PROTECTION COUNCIL PI FARNHAM PA 49 DOWNING ST, FARNHAM, SURREY, ENGLAND GU9 7PH PY 1993 BP 235 EP 245 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Entomology SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Entomology GA BZ56T UT WOS:A1993BZ56T00030 ER PT J AU RUSSO, VM PAPPELIS, AJ AF RUSSO, VM PAPPELIS, AJ TI MYCELIAL ELONGATION AND SPORULATION OF 2 FUNGI ON AMENDED MEDIA IN LIGHT OR DARK SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 6-BENZYLADENINE; BOTRYTIS-ALLII; CAFFEIC ACID; CHLOROGENIC ACID; COLLETOTRICHUM-DEMATIUM; KINETIN AB Botrytis allii and Collectotrichum dematium are onion pathogens which can infect in the field and cause decay in storage. Some phenolics can hinder development of these fungi, but the effect of cytokinins is not clear. Cytokinins (kinetin or 6-benzyladenine) or phenolics (caffeic or chlorogenic acids) were added to agar at concentrations of 0 to 10(-3) M. Cultures were continuously irradiated with fluorescent light or maintained in the dark for 6 days. On unamended media, final mycelial elongation was 45 or 17.8 mm and sporulation was 28 or 10.6 x 10(4) spores/ml for Botrytis and Colletotrichum, respectively. For Botrytis, mycelial elongation was slightly (5%) but significantly increased and sporulation increased by 21% by incubation on phenolics as compared to cytokinins. Mycelial extension of Colletotrichum was not affected by amendment. Sporulation of Colletotrichum on kinetin was 16 to 28% greater than on the other amendments. As amendments concentration increased elongation of mycelia of both fungi decreased. Sporulation of Botrytis increased by 60% as amendment concentration increased from 0 to 10(-5)M and then decreased 25% at 10(-3) M. As amendment concentration increased from 0 to 10(-3) M, sporulation of Colletotrichum increased by 45%. Incubation in light increased mycelial extension 3 to 17% for Botrytis and Colletotrichum respectively, and sporulation was increased approximately 78% for both fungi. These compounds do not appear to inhibit development of these Botrytis or Colletotrichum species in culture. C1 SO ILLINOIS UNIV,DEPT PLANT BIOL,CARBONDALE,IL 62901. RP RUSSO, VM (reprint author), USDA,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD JAN PY 1993 VL 63 IS 1 BP 23 EP 27 DI 10.1007/BF00871727 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KU858 UT WOS:A1993KU85800003 PM 8480989 ER PT J AU GILLIAM, M LORENZ, BJ AF GILLIAM, M LORENZ, BJ TI ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITY OF STRAINS OF ASCOSPHAERA-APIS, AN ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS OF THE HONEY-BEE, APIS-MELLIFERA SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Note DE ASCOSPHAERA; ENZYME; HONEY BEE; CHALKBROOD ID MOLDS AB Unmated +, unmated -, and mated strains of Ascosphaera apis, the honey bee chalkbrood pathogen, were examined for production of 19 enzymes using the API ZYM system. All strains produced alkaline phosphatase, butyrate esterase, leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase, and beta-glucosidase. Since valine aminopeptidase was produced by unmated but not by mated strains, it may be a useful enzyme for identification of mycelial strains of the fungus. Beta-Galactosidase and alpha-mannosidase may be candidate marker enzymes for identification of both unmated and mated strains. Few other molds associated with honey bees produce these 3 enzymes. Use of enzymes as taxonomic aids could simplify tests of bees and hive products for A apis, particularly unmated strains. RP GILLIAM, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1993 VL 24 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 DI 10.1051/apido:19930102 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KX785 UT WOS:A1993KX78500002 ER PT J AU DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G SPIVAK, M MARTIN, J AF DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G SPIVAK, M MARTIN, J TI THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON CUTICULAR COLOR OF HONEYBEE (APIS-MELLIFERA L) QUEENS SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE HONEYBEE QUEEN; TEMPERATURE; CUTICULAR COLOR ID MORPH DETERMINATION; LEPIDOPTERA AB Temperatures were monitored around emergency queen cells in queenless honeybee hives to determine the effect of temperature on queen color. Concurrently, sister queens of those reared in the queenless colony were placed in incubators set at 31.1, 32.8, or 34.4-degrees-C for the post-capping interval. Queens from the 34.4-degrees-C incubator were significantly lighter in color than those in the 31.1-degrees-C in all but one trial. Queens that developed in the colony were not significantly different in color rank from those that emerged in the 34.4-degrees-C incubators in any trial, and from the 32.8 or 31.1-degrees-C incubators in most trials. The median color ranks of queens emerging in the colony did not differ throughout the year. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,CTR INSECT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP DEGRANDIHOFFMAN, G (reprint author), USDA ARS,CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR,2000 E ALLEN RD,TUCSON,AZ 85719, USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1993 VL 24 IS 2 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1051/apido:19930203 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LP444 UT WOS:A1993LP44400003 ER PT J AU MEIXNER, MD SHEPPARD, WS POKLUKAR, J AF MEIXNER, MD SHEPPARD, WS POKLUKAR, J TI ASYMMETRICAL DISTRIBUTION OF A MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA POLYMORPHISM BETWEEN 2 INTROGRESSING HONEY-BEE SUBSPECIES SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Note DE APIS-MELLIFERA; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; SUBSPECIES; POPULATION GENETICS ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; HYBRIDIZATION; POPULATIONS; ORIGIN AB Mitochondrial DNA from 62 samples of Apis mellifera carnica and A m ligustica collected from within areas of endemism and an area of known introgression was extracted and digested with the restriction enzymes AccI, Bc/I, Bg/II, EcoRI and XbaI. Digestion with XbaI revealed a polymorphism with an asymmetrical distribution between the subspecies. This polymorphism occurs primarily in Austrian and Slovenian A m carnica and may be useful for studying introgression between this race and A m ligustica. C1 AGR INST SLOVENIA,61000 LJUBLJANA,SLOVENIA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MEIXNER, MD (reprint author), JW GOETHE UNIV,INST BIENENKUNDE POLYTECH GESELL,KARL VON FRISCH WEG 2,W-6370 OBERURSEL,GERMANY. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1993 VL 24 IS 2 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1051/apido:19930207 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LP444 UT WOS:A1993LP44400007 ER PT J AU VILLA, JD RINDERER, TE AF VILLA, JD RINDERER, TE TI COLD ROOM THERMOREGULATION, STORE CONSUMPTION, AND SURVIVAL OF AFRICANIZED AND EUROPEAN HONEY-BEES (APIS-MELLIFERA L) SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE AFRICANIZED HONEY BEE; COLD TOLERANCE; SURVIVAL; THERMOREGULATION ID ARGENTINA; AMERICAS AB The potential of Africanized honey bees to survive winters was evaluated by comparing them in groups (40 g, 1.0 kg, 1.5 kg or whole colonies) to European bees in cold rooms. Africanized workers caged in 40-g groups at 15-degrees-C aggregated in different positions and in tighter conformations, removed significantly lower amounts of sucrose syrup from feeders, and had higher mortalities than European workers. Africanized bees in 1.0-kg groups also had lower rates of syrup removal but were similar to European groups in aggregation and core temperatures. Groups of 1.5 kg showed similar temperature profiles inside the hives. Whole colonies of both types exposed to temperatures almost-equal-to 0-degrees-C died before 10 wk, and did not differ significantly in amounts of recovered dead workers, or in weight loss. These results suggest that some of the important behavioral components of overwintering are present in Africanized honey bees. RP VILLA, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1993 VL 24 IS 4 BP 411 EP 423 DI 10.1051/apido:19930408 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ME261 UT WOS:A1993ME26100008 ER PT J AU RINDERER, TE BUCO, SM RUBINK, WL DALY, HV STELZER, JA RIGGIO, RM BAPTISTA, FC AF RINDERER, TE BUCO, SM RUBINK, WL DALY, HV STELZER, JA RIGGIO, RM BAPTISTA, FC TI MORPHOMETRIC IDENTIFICATION OF AFRICANIZED AND EUROPEAN HONEY-BEES USING LARGE REFERENCE POPULATIONS SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE APIS-MELLIFERA; AFRICANIZED HONEY BEE; EUROPEAN HONEY BEE; MORPHOMETRIC IDENTIFICATION; MULTIVARIATE DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS ID APIS-MELLIFERA L; DIFFERENTIATION; HYBRIDIZATION; HYMENOPTERA; BRAZIL AB New discriminant analysis procedures have been presented to identify Africanized and European honey bees. These procedures are founded on data from 2 103 samples of honey bees collected from colonies at several locations in the western hemisphere and Kangaroo Island, Australia. Various univariate and multivariate analyses have been used to select the morphological characteristics and the groups of characteristics to be used in the analysis. The multivariate discriminant analysis correctly identified 565 (95.6%) of the 591 Africanized colonies and correctly identified all of the 1 512 European colonies. C1 STAT RESOURCES,BATON ROUGE,LA 70808. USDA ARS,HONEY BEE RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ENTOMOL SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70893. ARIZONA DEPT AGR,PHOENIX,AZ 85009. RP RINDERER, TE (reprint author), USDA,ARS,HONEY BEE BREEDING GENET & PHYSIOL RES LAB,1157 BEN HUR RD,BATON ROUGE,LA 70820, USA. NR 37 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 5 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PY 1993 VL 24 IS 6 BP 569 EP 585 DI 10.1051/apido:19930605 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MT660 UT WOS:A1993MT66000005 ER PT B AU CHEW, JD AF CHEW, JD BE Heatwole, CD TI A KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT FOR THE APPLICATION OF LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY CONCEPTS SO APPLICATION OF ADVANCED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES: EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Advanced Information Technologies: Effective Management of Natural Resources CY JUN 18-19, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP ASAE, INFORMAT & ELECT TECHNOL DIV DE LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,POB 8089,MISSOULA,MT. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-39-3 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 4 BP 18 EP 23 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Soil Science SC Computer Science; Agriculture GA BA28Q UT WOS:A1993BA28Q00003 ER PT B AU THURMAN, JL AF THURMAN, JL BE Heatwole, CD TI PROVIDING PUBLIC-ACCESS TO THE ARS WATER DATA-BASE USING AN ONLINE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT-SYSTEM SO APPLICATION OF ADVANCED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES: EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Advanced Information Technologies: Effective Management of Natural Resources CY JUN 18-19, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP ASAE, INFORMAT & ELECT TECHNOL DIV DE DATA BASE; WATER; PRECIPITATION; RUNOFF; STREAMFLOW; HYDROLOGY C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CTR WATER DATA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-39-3 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 4 BP 42 EP 48 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Soil Science SC Computer Science; Agriculture GA BA28Q UT WOS:A1993BA28Q00006 ER PT B AU NAMKEN, JC STUTH, JW AF NAMKEN, JC STUTH, JW BE Heatwole, CD TI GIS AND MODELING LINKED TO PREDICT GRAZING DISTRIBUTION PATTERN BY CATTLE SO APPLICATION OF ADVANCED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES: EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Advanced Information Technologies: Effective Management of Natural Resources CY JUN 18-19, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP ASAE, INFORMAT & ELECT TECHNOL DIV DE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM; MODELING C1 USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20090. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-39-3 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 4 BP 106 EP 110 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Soil Science SC Computer Science; Agriculture GA BA28Q UT WOS:A1993BA28Q00013 ER PT B AU HERNANDEZ, M HEILMAN, P LANE, LJ STONE, JJ ABOLT, JA MASTERSON, JE AF HERNANDEZ, M HEILMAN, P LANE, LJ STONE, JJ ABOLT, JA MASTERSON, JE BE Heatwole, CD TI A PROTOTYPE SHELL FOR RUNNING FIELD-SCALE NATURAL-RESOURCE SIMULATION-MODELS SO APPLICATION OF ADVANCED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES: EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Advanced Information Technologies: Effective Management of Natural Resources CY JUN 18-19, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP ASAE, INFORMAT & ELECT TECHNOL DIV C1 USDA,ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-39-3 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 4 BP 142 EP 149 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Soil Science SC Computer Science; Agriculture GA BA28Q UT WOS:A1993BA28Q00017 ER PT B AU WIGHT, JR HE, B AF WIGHT, JR HE, B BE Heatwole, CD TI DECISION-SUPPORT SYSTEMS - NEW TOOLS FOR MANAGING RANGELAND ECOSYSTEMS SO APPLICATION OF ADVANCED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES: EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Advanced Information Technologies: Effective Management of Natural Resources CY JUN 18-19, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP ASAE, INFORMAT & ELECT TECHNOL DIV DE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS; RANGELAND ECOSYSTEMS; EXPERT SYSTEMS C1 USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,BOISE,ID 83712. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-39-3 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 4 BP 150 EP 157 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Soil Science SC Computer Science; Agriculture GA BA28Q UT WOS:A1993BA28Q00018 ER PT B AU HEILMAN, P YAKOWITZ, DS STONE, JJ KRAMER, LA LANE, LJ IMAM, B AF HEILMAN, P YAKOWITZ, DS STONE, JJ KRAMER, LA LANE, LJ IMAM, B BE Heatwole, CD TI AN EXPLORATION OF THE ECONOMICS OF FARM-MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES TO IMPROVE WATER-QUALITY SO APPLICATION OF ADVANCED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES: EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Advanced Information Technologies: Effective Management of Natural Resources CY JUN 18-19, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP ASAE, INFORMAT & ELECT TECHNOL DIV DE WATER QUALITY; ECONOMICS; GRAPHICS C1 USDA,ARS,SW WATERSHED RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ 85719. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-39-3 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 4 BP 194 EP 205 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Soil Science SC Computer Science; Agriculture GA BA28Q UT WOS:A1993BA28Q00023 ER PT B AU POTTER, KN WILLIAMS, JR AF POTTER, KN WILLIAMS, JR BE Heatwole, CD TI COMPUTER-SIMULATION OF TILLAGE FOR CONTROLLING WIND EROSION SO APPLICATION OF ADVANCED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES: EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Advanced Information Technologies: Effective Management of Natural Resources CY JUN 18-19, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP ASAE, INFORMAT & ELECT TECHNOL DIV DE TILLAGE; WIND EROSION; EPIC; SIMULATION C1 USDA ARS,TEMPLE,TX 76503. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-39-3 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 4 BP 206 EP 212 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Soil Science SC Computer Science; Agriculture GA BA28Q UT WOS:A1993BA28Q00024 ER PT B AU RICHARDSON, AJ SUMMY, KR DAVIS, MR GOMEZ, A WILLIAMS, DW AF RICHARDSON, AJ SUMMY, KR DAVIS, MR GOMEZ, A WILLIAMS, DW BE Heatwole, CD TI BOLL-WEEVIL CONTROL LAW-ENFORCEMENT USING 1990 TIGER LINE CENSUS FILES SO APPLICATION OF ADVANCED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES: EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Advanced Information Technologies: Effective Management of Natural Resources CY JUN 18-19, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP ASAE, INFORMAT & ELECT TECHNOL DIV DE COTTON; STALK DESTRUCTION; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM; GLOBAL POSITION SYSTEM C1 USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-39-3 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 4 BP 231 EP 239 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Soil Science SC Computer Science; Agriculture GA BA28Q UT WOS:A1993BA28Q00027 ER PT B AU ARNOLD, JG ENGEL, BA SRINIVASAN, R AF ARNOLD, JG ENGEL, BA SRINIVASAN, R BE Heatwole, CD TI CONTINUOUS-TIME, GRID CELL WATERSHED MODEL SO APPLICATION OF ADVANCED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES: EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Advanced Information Technologies: Effective Management of Natural Resources CY JUN 18-19, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP ASAE, INFORMAT & ELECT TECHNOL DIV C1 USDA ARS,TEMPLE,TX 76503. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-39-3 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 4 BP 267 EP 278 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Soil Science SC Computer Science; Agriculture GA BA28Q UT WOS:A1993BA28Q00031 ER PT B AU HJELMFELT, AT WANG, MH AF HJELMFELT, AT WANG, MH BE Heatwole, CD TI RUNOFF HYDROGRAPH ESTIMATION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS SO APPLICATION OF ADVANCED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES: EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Advanced Information Technologies: Effective Management of Natural Resources CY JUN 18-19, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP ASAE, INFORMAT & ELECT TECHNOL DIV DE NEURAL NETWORKS; ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; RAINFALL-RUNOFF; HYDROGRAPHS C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-39-3 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 4 BP 315 EP 320 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Soil Science SC Computer Science; Agriculture GA BA28Q UT WOS:A1993BA28Q00036 ER PT B AU RITCHIE, JC EVANS, DL JACOBS, DM EVERITT, JH WELTZ, MA AF RITCHIE, JC EVANS, DL JACOBS, DM EVERITT, JH WELTZ, MA BE Heatwole, CD TI AIRBORNE LASER MEASUREMENTS OF FOREST AND RANGE CANOPIES SO APPLICATION OF ADVANCED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES: EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Advanced Information Technologies: Effective Management of Natural Resources CY JUN 18-19, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP ASAE, INFORMAT & ELECT TECHNOL DIV DE LASER; REMOTE SENSING; FOREST CANOPY; TOPOGRAPHY C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-39-3 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 4 BP 428 EP 435 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Soil Science SC Computer Science; Agriculture GA BA28Q UT WOS:A1993BA28Q00048 ER PT B AU EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE VILLARREAL, R RICHERSON, JV ALANIZ, MA DAVIS, MR AF EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE VILLARREAL, R RICHERSON, JV ALANIZ, MA DAVIS, MR BE Heatwole, CD TI INTEGRATION OF AIRBORNE VIDEO-GPS-GIS TECHNOLOGIES FOR DETECTING AND MAPPING NOXIOUS PLANTS ON RANGELANDS SO APPLICATION OF ADVANCED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES: EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Advanced Information Technologies: Effective Management of Natural Resources CY JUN 18-19, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP ASAE, INFORMAT & ELECT TECHNOL DIV DE REMOTE SENSING; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM; CONVENTIONAL COLOR VIDEO IMAGERY; COLOR-INFRARED VIDEO IMAGERY; RANGELANDS C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-39-3 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 4 BP 436 EP 445 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Soil Science SC Computer Science; Agriculture GA BA28Q UT WOS:A1993BA28Q00049 ER PT B AU CORWIN, DL VAUGHAN, PJ WANG, H RHOADES, JD CONE, DG AF CORWIN, DL VAUGHAN, PJ WANG, H RHOADES, JD CONE, DG BE Heatwole, CD TI COUPLING A SOLUTE TRANSPORT MODEL TO A GIS TO PREDICT SOLUTE LOADING TO THE GROUNDWATER FOR A NONPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTANT SO APPLICATION OF ADVANCED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES: EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Applications of Advanced Information Technologies: Effective Management of Natural Resources CY JUN 18-19, 1993 CL SPOKANE, WA SP ASAE, INFORMAT & ELECT TECHNOL DIV DE CONTAMINANTS; SALTS; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM; WATER QUALITY; TETRANS; ARC/INFO C1 USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 BN 0-929355-39-3 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 1993 VL 93 IS 4 BP 485 EP 492 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Soil Science SC Computer Science; Agriculture GA BA28Q UT WOS:A1993BA28Q00054 ER PT J AU PAYNE, GA NYSTROM, GJ BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE WOLOSHUK, CP AF PAYNE, GA NYSTROM, GJ BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE WOLOSHUK, CP TI CLONING OF THE AFL-2 GENE INVOLVED IN AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS FROM ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; PARASITICUS; TRANSFORMATION AB Aflatoxins are extremely potent carcinogens produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Cloning of genes in the aflatoxin pathway provides a specific approach to understanding the regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis and, subsequently, to the control of aflatoxin contamination of food and feed. This paper reports the isolation of a gene involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis by complementation of an aflatoxin-nonproducing mutant with a wold-type genomic cosmid library of A. flavus. Strain 650-33, blocked in aflatoxin biosynthesis at the afl-2 allele, was complemented by a 32-kb cosmid clone (B9), resulting in the production of aflatoxin. The onset and profile of aflatoxin accumulation was similar for the transformed strain and the wild-type strain (NRRL 3357) of the fungus, indicating that the integrated gene is under the same control as in wild-type strains. Complementation analyses with DNA fragments from B9 indicated that the gene resides within a 2.2-kb fragment. Because this gene complements the mutated afl-2 allele, it was designated afl-2. Genetic evidence obtained from a double mutant showed that afl-2 is involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis before the formation of norsolorinic acid, the first stable intermediate identified in the pathway. Further, metabolite feeding studies with the mutant, transformed, and wild-type cultures and enzymatic activity measurements in cell extracts of these cultures suggest that afl-2 regulates gene expression or the activity of other aflatoxin pathway enzymes. This is the first reported isolation of a gene for aflatoxin biosynthesis in A. flavus. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP PAYNE, GA (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 33 TC 162 Z9 171 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 59 IS 1 BP 156 EP 162 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KF249 UT WOS:A1993KF24900026 PM 8439147 ER PT J AU COTTA, MA WHITEHEAD, TR AF COTTA, MA WHITEHEAD, TR TI REGULATION AND CLONING OF THE GENE ENCODING AMYLASE ACTIVITY OF THE RUMINAL BACTERIUM STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RUMEN BACTERIA; STEPWISE ADAPTATION; CONTINUOUS CULTURE; FERMENTATION; COMPETITION; TRANSPORT; PROTEIN; STRAINS; SHEEP AB Streptococcus bovis is an important starch-degrading ruminal bacterium that has been implicated as being important in the etiology of a number of ruminal pathologies associated with diets high in grains. Previous studies with S. bovis have shown that amylase production was influenced by the growth substrate, but the nature of this regulation was not determined. The current study was conducted to better describe the regulatory phenomena and gain a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of this activity. Nutritional experiments demonstrated that the presence of starch or the starch-derived disaccharide maltose was required for maximum amylase production. Subsequent time-course experiments showed that amylase synthesis was induced by maltose and repressed by glucose, cellobiose, and fructose, while inulin and lactose had little effect on enzyme accumulation. The effects of the added antibiotics rifampin and tetracycline were consistent with transcriptional control of amylase synthesis. Analysis of S. bovis cells grown on glucose or maltose showed that they contained similar low levels of cyclic AMP, indicating that it was unlikely that regulation of amylase synthesis was mediated through a mechanism involving this nucleotide. The amylase gene from S. bovis JB1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The amylase produced in E. coli was of lower molecular weight than that synthesized by S. bovis and had catalytic characteristics different from those of S. bovis amylase. When the gene was introduced back into S. bovis JB1, only one form of amylase activity was detected, indicating that the entire gene was present on this insert. The use of the amylase gene as a genetic probe for identification of S. bovis strains is discussed. RP COTTA, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009; OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 38 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 59 IS 1 BP 189 EP 196 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KF249 UT WOS:A1993KF24900031 PM 7679887 ER PT J AU VANTILBURG, AUB THOMAS, MD AF VANTILBURG, AUB THOMAS, MD TI PRODUCTION OF EXTRACELLULAR PROTEINS BY THE BIOCONTROL FUNGUS GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; CELL-WALLS; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; BETA-GLUCOSIDASE; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; LYTIC ENZYMES; DEGRADATION; CHITINASE; CELLULASES; XYLOSIDASE AB Gliocladium virens is a common saprophytic fungus that is mycoparasitic on a large number of fungi. Responses of G. virens toward its environment were examined by monitoring the presence of extracellular proteins in culture fluid during time course experiments. Culture fluid of G. virens grown on glucose, washed cell walls of Rhizoctonia solani (one of its hosts), olive oil, or chitin contained beta-glucanase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, lipase, and proteinase activities. There were relatively minor amounts of other enzymatic activities tested. Levels of extracellular enzyme activity varied with the age of the culture and the substrate used as the carbon source. Substrate-associated differences in enzyme activities were detected as early as 8 h after transfer of mycelia from stationary-phase cultures to fresh media. When G. virens was grown on host cell wall material, beta-glucanase had the greatest specific activity of any enzyme tested at 8 h. This result suggests that beta-glucanase may be the first enzyme important in the G. virens-R. solani interaction. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that some of the polypeptides were present in the culture fluid at relatively constant amounts and others accumulated early, at intermediate times, or late in the 8-day incubation test period. Several of the polypeptides present in the culture fluid during the first 24 h disappeared completely by 48 h. Consequently, it appears that extracellular proteins in cultures of G. virens are regulated by a combination of gene regulation and protein degradation. C1 USDA ARS, SO CROPS RES LAB, COLLEGE STN, TX 77845 USA. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST, DEPT PLANT PATHOL & MICROBIOL, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 59 IS 1 BP 236 EP 242 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KF249 UT WOS:A1993KF24900039 PM 16348848 ER PT J AU VERNIERE, C PRUVOST, O CIVEROLO, EL GAMBIN, O JACQUEMOUDCOLLET, JP LUISETTI, J AF VERNIERE, C PRUVOST, O CIVEROLO, EL GAMBIN, O JACQUEMOUDCOLLET, JP LUISETTI, J TI EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOG SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION SYSTEM TO IDENTIFY AND ASSESS METABOLIC VARIATION AMONG STRAINS OF XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS PV CITRI SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; PHASEOLI EX SMITH; BACTERIAL SPOT; FLORIDA; REINSTATEMENT; CITRUMELO; NURSERIES; HASSE AB Metabolic fingerprints of 148 strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri originating from 24 countries and associated with various forms of citrus bacterial canker disease (CBCD) were obtained by using the Biolog substrate utilization system. Metabolic profiles were used to attempt strain identification. Only 6.8% of the studied strains were correctly identified when the commercial Microlog 2N data base was used alone. When the data base was supplemented with data from 54 strains of X. campestris pv. citri (40 CBCD-A strains, 8 CBCD-B strains, and 6 CBCD-C strains) and data from 43 strains of X. campestris associated with citrus bacterial spot disease, the percentage of correct identifications was 70%. Thus, it is recommended that users supplement the commercial data base with additional data prior to using the program for identification purposes. The utilization of Tween 40 in conjunction with other tests can help to differentiate strains associated with CBCD and citrus bacterial spot disease. These results confirmed the separation of X. campestris pv. citri into different subgroups (strains associated with Asiatic citrus canker [CBCD-A], cancrosis B [CBCD-B], and Mexican lime canker [CBCD-C]). The utilization Of L-fucose, D-galactose, and alaninamide can be used as markers to differentiate strains associated with these groups. A single strain associated with bacteriosis of Mexican lime in Mexico (CBCD-D) was closely similar to CBCD-B strains. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INRA,PATHOL VEGETALE STN,F-49071 BEAUCOUZE,FRANCE. IRFA,CIRAD,PHYTOPATHOL LAB,ST PIERRE 97455,REUNION. NR 23 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 59 IS 1 BP 243 EP 249 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KF249 UT WOS:A1993KF24900040 PM 16348849 ER PT J AU URI, ND BOYD, R AF URI, ND BOYD, R TI ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE TAX ON REFINED PETROLEUM-PRODUCTS IN THE PHILIPPINES SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY; POLICY AB This paper uses an aggregate modelling approach to assess the impact of taxes on refined-petroleum products on the Philippine's economy. The approach used in the analysis consists of a general equilibrium model composed of 14 producing sectors, 14 consuming sectors, three household categories classified by income, and a government. The effects of removing the 48% tax on premium and regular gasoline and the 24% tax on other refined petroleum products on prices and quantities are examined. The results are revealing. For example, the consequences of a complete elimination of refined petroleum product taxes would be an increase in output by all producing sectors of about 3.7% or about 2.65 hundred billion (2.65 x 10(11)) Philippine pesos, a rise in the consumption of goods and services by about 13.6% or 4.2 hundred billion (4.2 x 10(11)) Philippine pesos, a rise in total utility by 14.3% or 4.5 hundred billion (4.5 x 10(11)) Philippine pesos and a lower tax revenue for the government of 62.4% or 2.8 hundred billion (2.8 x 10(11)) Philippine pesos. When subjected to a sensitivity analysis, the results are reasonably robust with regard to the assumption of the values of the substitution elasticities. That is, while the model's equilibrium values do vary in response to different assumptions of the values of these elasticities, the fluctuations are not so large as to suggest that the model is unrealistically sensitive to these parameters. C1 OHIO UNIV,DEPT ECON,ATHENS,OH 45701. RP URI, ND (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PY 1993 VL 46 IS 1 BP 69 EP 92 DI 10.1016/0306-2619(93)90077-3 PG 24 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA LJ325 UT WOS:A1993LJ32500002 ER PT J AU URI, ND BOYD, R AF URI, ND BOYD, R TI USING THE GASOLINE TAX TO REDUCE THE UNITED-STATES-FEDERAL-GOVERNMENTS BUDGET DEFICIT SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article ID PRICE AB The analysis presented in this paper examines the US impact of raising the excise tax on gasoline on the US economy. The analytical approach used in the analysis consists of a computable general equilibrium model composed of fourteen producing sectors, fourteen consuming sectors, six household categories classified by income and the government. The effects of a 50 cents per gallon increase in the excise tax on gasoline on prices and quantities include a lower output by the producing sectors (by about $35.0 billion), a reduction in the consumption of goods and services (by about $28.6 billion), and a reduction in welfare (by about $51.7 billion). The govenment would realize an increase in revenue of about $17.3 billion. When subjected to a sensitivity analysis, the results are reasonably robust with regard to the assumption of the values of the substitution elasticities. C1 OHIO UNIV,DEPT ECON,ATHENS,OH 45701. RP URI, ND (reprint author), USDA ARS,DIV COMMOD ECON,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PY 1993 VL 46 IS 3 BP 215 EP 239 DI 10.1016/0306-2619(93)90073-X PG 25 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA LZ677 UT WOS:A1993LZ67700002 ER PT J AU PREISLER, HK AF PREISLER, HK TI MODELING SPATIAL PATTERNS OF TREES ATTACKED BY BARK-BEETLES SO APPLIED STATISTICS-JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C LA English DT Article DE AUTOLOGISTIC MODELS; CONDITIONAL DISTRIBUTIONS; GIBBS SAMPLER; MARKOVIAN SAMPLING; PARAMETRIC BOOTSTRAP; PSEUDOLIKELIHOOD ESTIMATES ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; LODGEPOLE PINE; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; SCOLYTIDAE; POPULATIONS; OUTBREAK; VIGOR AB Many species of bark-beetles kill trees in clusters. One of the most destructive forest insect pests with this colonization pattern is the mountain pine-beetle. Heavy losses caused by this beetle are of primary concern to national forest managers in western North America. An understanding of the process of tree selection by the beetles is useful for prescribing measures that might minimize beetle damage. Here, an autologistic model is used to study the spatial patterns of lodgepole pine trees attacked by the beetles. The model is used to describe the conditional probability that a tree of a given size, age and vigour is attacked given the status of all other trees in the stand. The spatial correlation between trees is modelled by constructing a covariate that is a measure of the angles from attacked trees to other trees in the stand. Some surprising difficulties in modelling conditional probabilities are discussed. Parameter estimates are obtained by maximizing a pseudolikelihood function, and estimates of standard errors are obtained from iteratively simulated samples. RP PREISLER, HK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0035-9254 J9 APPL STAT-J ROY ST C JI Appl. Stat.-J. R. Stat. Soc. PY 1993 VL 42 IS 3 BP 501 EP 514 DI 10.2307/2986328 PG 14 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA LD572 UT WOS:A1993LD57200005 ER PT J AU CANE, DE ZHEN, W OLIVER, JS HOHN, TM AF CANE, DE ZHEN, W OLIVER, JS HOHN, TM TI OVERPRODUCTION OF SOLUBLE TRICHODIENE SYNTHASE FROM FUSARIUM-SPOROTRICHIOIDES IN ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BACTERIOPHAGE-T7 RNA-POLYMERASE; SESQUITERPENE CYCLASE GENE; FARNESYL PYROPHOSPHATE; ENZYMATIC CYCLIZATION; EXPRESSION; BIOSYNTHESIS; PURIFICATION; PROTEINS; STEREOCHEMISTRY; SYNTHETASE C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP CANE, DE (reprint author), BROWN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BOX H,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM30301] NR 33 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 300 IS 1 BP 416 EP 422 DI 10.1006/abbi.1993.1056 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA KG984 UT WOS:A1993KG98400056 PM 8424673 ER PT J AU LOEB, MJ GELMAN, DB BELL, RA AF LOEB, MJ GELMAN, DB BELL, RA TI 2ND MESSENGERS MEDIATING THE EFFECTS OF TESTIS ECDYSIOTROPIN IN TESTES OF THE GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHORBOL ESTERS; ECDYSTEROIDS; INOSITOL PHOSPHATE; CYCLIC AMP; MALE REPRODUCTION ID LEYDIG-CELL STEROIDOGENESIS; DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; CYCLIC-AMP; PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; ECDYSONE SYNTHESIS; DEVELOPING OVARIES; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; CORPORA CARDIACA; JUVENILE-HORMONE AB Exposure of larval and pupal testes of Lymantria dispar to diacyl glycerol mimics, phorbol, 12-myristate, 13-acetate, and 11, 12 dibutyryl phorbol ester, induced or augmented synthesis of immunodetectable ecdysteroids. The non-esterified analog, 4alpha-phorbol, had little effect. H-7, a protein kinase C inhibitor, inhibited ecdysteroid synthesis. When testis ecdysiotropin and phorbol esters were administered together at the maximum effective dose of each, steroidogenesis was further enhanced. Therefore, diacyl glycerol may be a second messenger for testis ecdysiotropin in testes. In addition, testis ecdysiotropin induced a rapid rise and fall in cAMP titers in both larval and pupal testes. The cyclic AMP analog, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, induced ecdysteroid synthesis in larval testes, but had little steroidogenic effect in pupal testis sheaths. However, dibutyryl cyclic AMP inhibited the steroidogenic effect of testis ecdysiotropin in larval as well as pupal testes. Cyclic AMP may act to modulate the effects of testis ecdysiotropin in inducing ecdysteroid synthesis by testes of L. dispar. RP LOEB, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,ROOM 319,BLDG 306,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 13 EP 28 DI 10.1002/arch.940230104 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA LB683 UT WOS:A1993LB68300002 ER PT J AU SHIPLEY, MM DILLWITH, JW ESSENBERG, RC HOWARD, RW SAUER, JR AF SHIPLEY, MM DILLWITH, JW ESSENBERG, RC HOWARD, RW SAUER, JR TI ANALYSIS OF LIPIDS IN THE SALIVARY-GLANDS OF AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM (L) - DETECTION OF A HIGH-LEVEL OF ARACHIDONIC-ACID SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FATTY ACIDS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; PROSTAGLANDINS; TICKS ID UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; MUSCA-DOMESTICA L; METABOLISM; IXODIDAE; PROSTAGLANDINS; TICKS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; BIOSYNTHESIS; ACARINA AB Analysis of lipids in salivary glands of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, demonstrated that arachidonic acid (20:4, n-6) comprises 8% of all fatty acids identified by gas chromatography. The occurrence of arachidonic acid and other C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids in tick salivary glands was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Arachidonate is located entirely in the phospholipid fraction and is associated exclusively with phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Salivary glands stored and frozen for several months had a similar lipid composition as freshly dissected salivary glands, with the exception of a small amount of free arachidonic acid and an increase in lysophosphatidylcholine. Incubation of salivary gland homogenates with snake venom phospholipase A2 showed that most saturated fatty acids are esterified in the sn-1 position of PC and PE, with the unsaturated fatty acids in the sn-2 position. Approximately 75% of arachidonic acid is in the sn-2 position of PC and PE, adding support to the hypothesis that arachidonic acid is released into the cytoplasm after activation of a phospholipase A2 for subsequent metabolism to prostaglandins and/or other eicosanoids. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA,GRAIN MARKETING RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 31460, AI 26158] NR 46 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 37 EP 52 DI 10.1002/arch.940230106 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA LB683 UT WOS:A1993LB68300004 PM 8324244 ER PT J AU SUTTON, BD CARLSON, DA AF SUTTON, BD CARLSON, DA TI INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION IN TEPHRITID FRUIT-FLY LARVAE SURFACE HYDROCARBONS SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANASTREPHA; EXTRACT; DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS; ALKANES; GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ID CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; GLOSSINA-PALLIDIPES; SEX-PHEROMONE; TSETSE FLIES; IDENTIFICATION; COMPONENTS AB Hydrocarbons extracted from seven species of tephritid fruit fly larvae were analyzed using capillary column gas-liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Interspecific variation in hydrocarbon patterns was evaluated using both classical and nonparametric discriminant analysis for four of the seven Anastrepha taxa; A. acris, A. fraterculus, A. suspensa and A. obliqua. Three of the four taxa, excluding A. acris, were correctly classified using a linear discriminant model at 72-83% and a nonparametric kernel density discriminant model at 87-92%. C1 STATE FLORIDA,DEPT AGR & CONSUMER SERV,DIV PLANT IND,GAINESVILLE,FL. USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1993 VL 23 IS 2 BP 53 EP 65 DI 10.1002/arch.940230202 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA LD121 UT WOS:A1993LD12100001 ER PT J AU FELDLAUFER, MF BUCHMANN, SL LUSBY, WR WEIRICH, GF SVOBODA, JA AF FELDLAUFER, MF BUCHMANN, SL LUSBY, WR WEIRICH, GF SVOBODA, JA TI NEUTRAL STEROLS AND ECDYSTEROIDS OF THE SOLITARY CACTUS BEE DIADASIA-RINCONIS COCKERELL (HYMENOPTERA, ANTHOPHORIDAE) SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; MAKISTERONE-A; 24-METHYLENECHOLESTEROL ID HONEY BEE; APIS-MELLIFERA; MAKISTERONE-A; PUPA AB Using high performance liquid chromatography in conjunction with radioimmunoassay and mass spectrometry, the major ecdysteroid of the solitary cactus bee, Diadasia rinconis, was determined to be 20-hydroxy ecdysone, with lesser amounts of makisterone A. Another 28-carbon ecdysteroid thought to be the 24-epimer of makisterone A was also detected. The neutral sterols of Diadasia consisted primarily of 24-methylenecholesterol (92.2%) with lesser amounts of other C28 and C29 sterols. Cholesterol accounted for less than 0.1% of the total tissue sterols. The occurrence of 20-hydroxyecdysone in a phytophagous hymenopteran is discussed in relation to the low level of cholesterol encountered. C1 HONEY BEE & INSECT BIOL CONTROL LAB,TUCSON,AZ. RP FELDLAUFER, MF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BLDG 467,BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1993 VL 23 IS 2 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1002/arch.940230205 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA LD121 UT WOS:A1993LD12100004 ER PT J AU HEILMANN, LJ TREWITT, PM KUMARAN, AK AF HEILMANN, LJ TREWITT, PM KUMARAN, AK TI PROTEOLYTIC PROCESSING OF THE VITELLOGENIN PRECURSOR IN THE BOLL-WEEVIL, ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COLEOPTERA; VITELLIN; PROTEIN SEQUENCE; YOLK PROTEIN; GLYCOSYLATION; EVOLUTION ID MOSQUITO VITELLOGENIN; INSECT VITELLINS; TOBACCO HORNWORM; MANDUCA-SEXTA; PURIFICATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; EVOLUTION; PROTEIN AB The soluble proteins of the eggs of the coleopteran insect Anthonomus grandis Boheman, the cotton boll weevil, consist almost entirely of two vitellin types with M(r)s of 160,000 and 47,000. We sequenced their N-terminal ends and one internal cyanogen bromide fragment of the large vitellin and compared these sequences with the deduced amino acid sequence from the vitellogenin gene. The results suggest that both the boll weevil vitellin proteins are products of the proteolytic cleavage of a single precursor protein. The smaller 47,000 M(r) vitellin protein is derived from the N-terminal portion of the precursor adjacent to an 18 amino acid signal peptide. The cleavage site between the large and small vitellins at amino acid 362 is adjacent to a pentapeptide sequence containing two pairs of arginine residues. Comparison of the boll weevil sequences with limited known sequences from the single 180,000 M(r) honey bee protein show that the honey bee vitellin N-terminal exhibits sequence homology to the N-terminal of the 47,000 M(r) boll weevil vitellin. Treatment of the vitellins with an N-glycosidase results in a decrease in molecular weight of both proteins, from 47,000 to 39,000 and from 160,000 to 145,000, indicating that about 10-15% of the molecular weight of each vitellin consists of N-linked carbohydrate. The molecular weight of the deglycosylated large vitellin is smaller than that predicted from the gene sequence, indicating possible further proteolytic processing at the C-terminal of that protein. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 MARQUETTE UNIV,BIOL,MILWAUKEE,WI 53233. RP HEILMANN, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1993 VL 23 IS 3 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1002/arch.940230304 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA LK395 UT WOS:A1993LK39500003 PM 8347856 ER PT J AU WEIRICH, GF FELDLAUFER, MF SVOBODA, JA AF WEIRICH, GF FELDLAUFER, MF SVOBODA, JA TI ECDYSONE OXIDASE AND 3-OXOECDYSTEROID REDUCTASES IN MANDUCA-SEXTA - DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES AND TISSUE DISTRIBUTION SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 3-ALPHA-HYDROXYECDYSTEROID; 3-BETA-HYDROXYECDYSTEROID; 3-DEHYDROECDYSONE ID PUPAL-ADULT DEVELOPMENT; ECDYSTEROID TITER; TOBACCO HORNWORM; PROTHORACIC GLANDS; MIDGUT CYTOSOL; 3-DEHYDROECDYSONE; CONVERSION; INVITRO; 3-BETA-REDUCTASE; 3-EPIMERIZATION AB The activities of ecdysone oxidase (EO), 3-oxoecdysteroid 3alpha-reductase (3alpha-R), and 3-oxoecdysteroid 3beta-reductase (3beta-R) were determined for epidermis, hemolymph, and fat body of wandering fifth instar Manduca sexta larvae and for midguts of various developmental stages between 3 days after the last larval and 14 days after the pupal ecdysis. The larval midgut was the only organ showing substantial specific activities of EO and 3alpha-R, and both increased up to the seventh day after ecdysis. Hemolymph and fat body had only moderate to high 3beta-R and low EO activities, and the epidermis did not contain significant activity of any of the enzymes. On the ninth day after the last larval ecdysis the larval midgut epithelium was replaced by a new pupal midgut epithelium. After this event only 3beta-R was restored to high activities, whereas EO and 3alpha-R showed only low to marginal activities. It is concluded that only the larval midgut has a role in the inactivation of ecdysteroids by 3-epimerization. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP WEIRICH, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BLDG 467,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1993 VL 23 IS 4 BP 199 EP 211 DI 10.1002/arch.940230406 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA LN815 UT WOS:A1993LN81500005 ER PT J AU MASLER, EP KELLY, TJ MENN, JJ AF MASLER, EP KELLY, TJ MENN, JJ TI INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES - DISCOVERY AND APPLICATION IN INSECT MANAGEMENT SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PEPTIDE HORMONES; BIOASSAY; GENES; INSECTICIDES; METABOLISM; STRUCTURE ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; COCKROACH DIPLOPTERA-PUNCTATA; LOCUST ADIPOKINETIC HORMONE; BRAIN SECRETORY PEPTIDE; SILKMOTH BOMBYX-MORI; PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE; MANDUCA-SEXTA; CORPORA CARDIACA; DIURETIC HORMONE; TOBACCO HORNWORM AB New approaches to the development of insect control agents have been revealed through the molecular description of neuropeptides, their biogenesis, action, and degradation. Prerequisite to the exploitation of a neuropeptide as a lead to control agent development is a thorough understanding of the biochemistry of the neuropeptide and appreciation of its physiological impact. Reliable bioassays must be coupled with advanced biochemical and molecular genetic technologies to overcome limitations imposed by the typically low endogenous levels of individual neuropeptides. Purification, amino acid sequencing, and gene cloning provide the molecular tools necessary for studies on neuropeptide synthesis, processing, secretion, receptor binding, and inactivation. Each of these areas consists of a number of amino acid sequence-, and enzyme-dependent steps which may be considered as targets for the development of highly specific control agents. These agents will include antagonists and superagonists, peptidomimetics, recombinant peptides delivered through the baculovirus technology, receptor blockers, and enzyme inhibitors. RP MASLER, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,BLDG 306, ROOM 309, BARC E, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 139 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0739-4462 EI 1520-6327 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 111 DI 10.1002/arch.940220109 PG 25 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA KJ738 UT WOS:A1993KJ73800008 PM 8431602 ER PT J AU RAINA, AK MENN, JJ AF RAINA, AK MENN, JJ TI PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE - FROM DISCOVERY TO CURRENT STATUS SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS; NEUROPEPTIDE; MOTHS; HELICOVERPA-ZEA ID SEX-PHEROMONE; BRAIN HORMONE; SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS; NEURAL REGULATION; HELIOTHIS MOTHS; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; BOMBYX-MORI; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; NEUROHORMONE AB Sex pheromone production in females of many species of moths is controlled by a pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN). PBAN from Helicoverpa zea (Hez-PBAN) is a 33 amino acid peptide produced in the suboesophageal ganglion of both female and male moths. PBAN-like activity is widespread among Lepidoptera and is also reported from a cockroach and a grasshopper. The C-terminal pentapeptide of Hez-PBAN represents the minimum sequence with pheromonotropic activity. Another pentapeptide fragment of the molecule also has high pheromonotropic activity. Presence of PBAN-like immunoreactivity and biological activity in the corpora cardiaca suggests that it is the possible site of PBAN release. There is evidence that PBAN action on pheromone gland is mediated by a second messenger. Several possible sites of action for PBAN have been suggested in the biosynthetic pathway of pheromones. The gene for Hez-PBAN has been cloned and sequenced. Cloning of a synthetic PBAN gene into a baculovirus has been attempted. Studies to isolate and identify the receptors for PBAN as well as the metabolic fate of PBAN have been initiated. RP RAINA, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,INHL, BLDG 306, BARC E, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 47 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1002/arch.940220112 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA KJ738 UT WOS:A1993KJ73800011 PM 8431595 ER PT J AU RAFAELI, A SOROKER, V HIRSCH, J KAMENSKY, B RAINA, AK AF RAFAELI, A SOROKER, V HIRSCH, J KAMENSKY, B RAINA, AK TI INFLUENCE OF PHOTOPERIOD AND AGE ON THE COMPETENCE OF PHEROMONE GLANDS AND ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF IMMUNOREACTIVE PBAN IN HELICOVERPA SPP SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE [C-14]-ACETATE INCORPORATION; (Z)-11-HEXADECENAL; NEUROPEPTIDE; PBAN TARGET TISSUE; BURSA COPULATRIX; VENTRAL NERVE CORD; TERMINAL ABDOMINAL GANGLION; RIA ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; NEURAL REGULATION; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; CALLING BEHAVIOR; HELIOTHIS MOTHS; SILKWORM MOTH; FEMALE MOTHS; BOMBYX-MORI; LEPIDOPTERA; HORMONE AB Pheromone glands (eighth and ninth abdominal segments) of Helicoverpa spp. can be stimulated in vitro by brain-suboesophageal ganglion (Br-SOG) extracts and Helicoverpa zea pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (Hez-pBAN) to produce the sex pheromone. The main pheromone component, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, was quantified by both TLC and gas chromatographic analyses. This stimulation was shown to be a specific response attributed to pheromone glands alone. The glands were found to be competent to Br-SOG extracts/Hez-PBAN stimulation from the first day after emergence during both the photophase and scotophase. Using a sensitive and specific RIA the distribution of PBAN along the central nervous system was studied and PBAN-immunoreactivity in Br-SOG complexes was found throughout the photoperiod and in all ages (from the first day of emergence until the fourth night after emergence). From the distribution of PBAN immunoreactivity it appears that PBAN release is affected by the photoperiod. This integrative study on the competence of the target tissue and the distribution of PBAN activity revealed evidence that the neuroendocrine control of pheromone production operates at the level of neuropeptide production and/release and not at the level of the target tissue itself. C1 FAC AGR REHOVOT, DEPT ENTOMOL, REHOVOT, ISRAEL. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INST NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 169 EP 180 DI 10.1002/arch.940220114 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA KJ738 UT WOS:A1993KJ73800013 ER PT J AU NACHMAN, RJ HOLMAN, GM HADDON, WF AF NACHMAN, RJ HOLMAN, GM HADDON, WF TI LEADS FOR INSECT NEUROPEPTIDE MIMETIC DEVELOPMENT SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PSEUDOPEPTIDES; CONFORMATION; TURN; PHEROMONOTROPIC; DIURETIC; MYOTROPIC ID BIOSYNTHESIS-ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; MALPIGHIAN TUBULES; BOMBYX-MORI; FAMILY; IDENTIFICATION; CHOLECYSTOKININ; PEPTIDE; HORMONE AB Insect neuropeptides mediate a number of physiological processes critical for insect survival. The numerous neuropeptide sequences that have been reported present an opportunity to decipher the chemical and conformational requirements for neuropeptide-receptor interactions. Chemical and conformational requirements for activity represent a ''template'' from which agonist/antagonist peptide mimetics, with the potential to disrupt critical insect processes, can be developed. Information on structural requirements is presented for three neuropeptide families: the sulfakinins, pyrokinins, and leucokinin/achetakinins, including active core size, important side chains, peptide superagonists, and new data on pseudopeptide modification of the N- and C-terminal regions. Members of these peptide families have been associated with a variety of physiological activities such as myotropism, pheromonotropism, diapause induction, and diuresis in a number of insects. Spectroscopic data coupled with computer molecular dynamics/graphics studies on conformationally restricted analogs of insect neuropeptides reveal information on the active conformation adopted at the receptor site. Routes to development of peptide-mimetics from neuropeptide templates are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, ALBANY, CA USA. RP NACHMAN, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB, ROUTE 5, BOX 810, COLL STN, TX 77845 USA. NR 33 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1993 VL 22 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 197 DI 10.1002/arch.940220115 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA KJ738 UT WOS:A1993KJ73800014 PM 8431596 ER PT J AU HANDLER, AM GOMEZ, SP OBROCHTA, DA AF HANDLER, AM GOMEZ, SP OBROCHTA, DA TI A FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS OF THE P-ELEMENT GENE-TRANSFER VECTOR IN INSECTS SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GENE TRANSFORMATION; NON-DROSOPHILID; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; SEX; TRANSFORMATION; IDENTIFICATION; INTEGRATION; TRANSPOSASE; EXPRESSION; EXCISION; DNA AB A P-element mobility excision assay was used to determine if non-drosophilid insects could support P gene vector function. Present studies included the testing of Muscids, Sphaerocerids, and Phorids, none of which were able to support P mobility. A new excision indicator plasmid was developed allowing the detection and recovery of virtually all P-element excision products. The frequency and sequence analysis of excision products from Drosophila melanogaster and another drosophilid, Chymomyza procnemis, indicated both quantitative and qualitative differences in the activity of transposase. The quantitative relationships observed in the original assay were maintained, and qualitative differences in transposase activity were reflected in the sequence of the empty donor sites. The results suggest that host factors are involved in cutting and ligating P-element DNA during excision, with transposase facilitating these processes. Possible limitations on P mobility by abnormal transposase transcript processing were tested in Anastrepha suspensa using transposase-encoding plasmids having deleted intron sequences. A transposase cDNA supported normal P excision in D. melanogaster, and a low level of mobility in A. suspensa. Possible applications of gene transfer in insects are presented, in particular methods to genetically sterilize and sex insects for the sterile-insect technique. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP HANDLER, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,1700 SW 23RD DR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608, USA. NR 21 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 373 EP 384 DI 10.1002/arch.940220306 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA KR676 UT WOS:A1993KR67600005 PM 8385510 ER PT J AU TUMLINSON, JH TURLINGS, TCJ LEWIS, WJ AF TUMLINSON, JH TURLINGS, TCJ LEWIS, WJ TI SEMIOCHEMICALLY MEDIATED FORAGING BEHAVIOR IN BENEFICIAL PARASITIC INSECTS SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PARASITOID; PLANT-INSECT INTERACTIONS; LEARNING; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID COTESIA-MARGINIVENTRIS CRESSON; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; AIRBORNE SEMIOCHEMICALS; PLANT; ALLELOCHEMICALS; IDENTIFICATION; MICROHABITAT; ODORS; HOSTS AB Chemical cues enable female parasitic wasps to locate the eggs, larvae, or other life stages of the insects in or on which they place their eggs. These chemical signals, or semiochemicals, may be produced by the hosts and/or by the plants on which the hosts feed. The composition of the chemical signal often differs with different species of hosts or with different plants. New evidence suggests that the wasps exploit semiochemicals emitted by plants in response to insect herbivore feeding. The wasps learn to respond to the different blends of chemicals that indicate the location of their hosts and they can be trained to respond to a specific odor blend. Thus, it may be possible to increase their effectiveness for biological control by conditioning them, prior to their release, to search for a target pest in a particular crop. RP TUMLINSON, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB, POB 748, GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; Turlings, Ted/E-8671-2012 OI Turlings, Ted/0000-0002-8315-785X NR 24 TC 51 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0739-4462 EI 1520-6327 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 385 EP 391 DI 10.1002/arch.940220307 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA KR676 UT WOS:A1993KR67600006 ER PT J AU UJVARY, I DICKENS, JC KAMM, JA MCDONOUGH, LM AF UJVARY, I DICKENS, JC KAMM, JA MCDONOUGH, LM TI NATURAL PRODUCT ANALOGS - STABLE MIMICS OF ALDEHYDE PHEROMONES SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ATTRACTANT; NITRILE; OXIME; ISOTHIOCYANATE; BIOISOSTERE; BOLL WEEVIL; EAG ID ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS BOH; STRUCTURE-ACIVITY RELATIONSHIPS; MOTH THAUMETOPOEA-PITYOCAMPA; BOLL-WEEVIL PHEROMONE; SEX-PHEROMONE; FLUORINATED ANALOGS; AGROTIS-SEGETUM; TURNIP MOTH; (Z)-5-DECENYL ACETATE; CHORISTONEURA-FUMIFERANA AB Under field conditions, the aldehyde components of the pheromones of important lepidopteran and coleopteran pests undergo chemical transformations (oxidation, polymerization, etc.) resulting in behaviorally inactive compounds. In our search for pheromone analogs with favorable chemical and biological properties, a series of nitriles, oximes and isothiocyanates, as novel functional group mimics of some cyclic and long chain pheromones, were prepared and tested. The biological activities of these nitrogen-containing analogs were studied by electrophysiological and field experiments with three different insect species showing the nitrile analogs to be the most potent mimics, but their activities were lower than those of the natural pheromones. Thus, a 1:1 mixture of pheromone analogs in place of the corresponding natural aldehyde components III and IV elicited dose-dependent electroantennogram (EAG) responses of antennal preparations of the female boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis. In field trials, the nitrile analogs were poor substituents for the corresponding aldehydes. In EAG experiments with antennal preparations of males of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella, Z11-16:Nitrile ((Z)-11-hexadecenonitrile) elicited dose-dependent responses while single neuron recording from antennal preparations of this species revealed that a neuron responsive to the pheromone component was also stimulated by the mimic Z11-16:Nitrile. In field experiments, a 97:3 mixture of nitriles Z11-16:Nitrile and Z9-16:Nitrile ((Z)-9-hexadecenonitrile) effectively attracted males of the cranberry girdler moth, Chrysoteuchia topiaria. C1 USDA,BOLL WEEVIL RES LABS,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS. USDA ARS,YAKIMA,WA 98902. OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP UJVARY, I (reprint author), HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI,INST PLANT PROTECT,HERMAN OTTO UT 15,H-1022 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. NR 85 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 393 EP 411 DI 10.1002/arch.940220308 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA KR676 UT WOS:A1993KR67600007 ER PT J AU OSTERHAUS, ADME BROEDERS, HWJ TEPPEMA, JS KUIKEN, T HOUSE, JA VOS, HW VISSER, IKG AF OSTERHAUS, ADME BROEDERS, HWJ TEPPEMA, JS KUIKEN, T HOUSE, JA VOS, HW VISSER, IKG TI ISOLATION OF A VIRUS WITH RHABDOVIRUS MORPHOLOGY FROM A WHITE-BEAKED DOLPHIN (LAGENORHYNCHUS-ALBIROSTRIS) SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note AB A virus with rhabdovirus morphology which proved to be antigenically distinct from rabies virus and vesicular stomatitis virus was isolated from a dolphin that had beached on the Dutch coast. Neutralizing antibodies to this virus were found in several European marine mammal species. C1 NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,PATHOL LAB,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,CONTROL BIOL PROD LAB,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. ZOOL SOC LONDON,INST ZOOL,LONDON NW1 4RY,ENGLAND. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,NATL VET SERV LAB,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,GREENPORT,NY 11944. SEAL REHABIL & RES CTR,PIETERBUREN,NETHERLANDS. RP OSTERHAUS, ADME (reprint author), NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,IMMUNOBIOL,POB 1,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1993 VL 133 IS 1-2 BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.1007/BF01309754 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA MC042 UT WOS:A1993MC04200016 PM 8240009 ER PT J AU SMITH, OP DAMSTEEGT, VD HARRIS, KF VONDERHAAR, R AF SMITH, OP DAMSTEEGT, VD HARRIS, KF VONDERHAAR, R TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE AND ESCHERICHIA-COLI EXPRESSION OF THE COAT PROTEIN GENE OF THE YELLOWING STRAIN OF SOYBEAN DWARF LUTEOVIRUS SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID VIRUS; RNA; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANIZATION; ACID AB The nucleotide sequence of the coat protein gene of the yellowing (Y) strain of soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) was determined from cloned cDNA. The gene contains 600 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 200 amino acids with a calculated M(r) of 22 200. The identity of the open reading frame (ORF) encoding the coat protein was confirmed by expression of an Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase fusion protein and detection by a dot blot immunoassay. Sequence comparisons of the deduced coat protein amino acids to several luteoviruses demonstrated that the SbDV-Y coat protein ORF shares greatest similarity with bean leaf roll virus (BLRV) (65%). C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP SMITH, OP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1993 VL 133 IS 1-2 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1007/BF01309758 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA MC042 UT WOS:A1993MC04200020 PM 8240014 ER PT J AU KLEIBOEKER, SB SEAL, BS MENGELING, WL AF KLEIBOEKER, SB SEAL, BS MENGELING, WL TI GENOMIC CLONING AND RESTRICTION SITE MAPPING OF A PORCINE ADENOVIRUS ISOLATE - DEMONSTRATION OF GENOMIC STABILITY IN PORCINE ADENOVIRUS SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; DNA; STRAINS AB Restriction endonuclease maps were constructed for the genome of a porcine adenovirus (PAV), NADC-1, which was isolated in 1972 from an adult swine. Genomic DNA libraries of NADC-1 Bam HI, Eco RI/Bam HI, and Sph I fragments were cloned into pUC-18. Using the cloned NADC-1 Bam HI and Eco RI/Bam HI fragments as probes, Southern blot hybridizations were performed to human adenovirus 2 (Ad-2) restriction fragments to determine the left-to-right orientation of the Bam HI and Eco RI/Bam HI fragments. Genomic NADC-1 DNA was cleaved with ten restriction endonucleases (RE). Using cloned NADC-1 genomic fragments as probes in Southern blot hybridizations, an RE site map was constructed. Nucleotide sequencing of four clones confirmed several RE sites. The size of the NADC-1 genome was determined to be approximately 32 kbp. The size of Hind III, Xba I, Sma I, Eco RI, Bam HI, Bgl II, Pst I, and Sph I RE fragments from NADC-1 was compared to those from the reference strain of PAV serotype 4 (F 618), and to two recent isolates, NADC-2 and NADC-3. For all restriction enzymes examined, the sizes of the NADC-1 fragments were identical to PAV-4, NADC-2, and NADC-3 fragments, indicating that the NADC-1 isolate is very closely related, if not identical, to PAV-4 and two recent isolates. Southern blot hybridizations also indicated that NADC-1, NADC-2, NADC-3, and PAV-4 are very similar and revealed regions of sequence similarity between NADC-1 and human Ad-2 and human Ad-5. RP KLEIBOEKER, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1993 VL 133 IS 3-4 BP 357 EP 368 DI 10.1007/BF01313775 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA MJ633 UT WOS:A1993MJ63300010 PM 7903036 ER PT J AU KIM, HS KWANG, J YOON, IJ JOO, HS FREY, ML AF KIM, HS KWANG, J YOON, IJ JOO, HS FREY, ML TI ENHANCED REPLICATION OF PORCINE REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (PRRS) VIRUS IN A HOMOGENEOUS SUBPOPULATION OF MA-104 CELL-LINE SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID ISOLATE ATCC VR-2332; SYNDROME SIRS VIRUS; SWINE INFERTILITY; PIGS AB Two different cell populations, high- (MARC-145) and low-permissive cell clones (L-1) to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus, were derived from MA-104 cell line (parent cell: P) by cell cloning. Maximum virus yields in MARC-145, P, and L-1 cell clones were 10(8.5), 10(3.5), and 10(2.5) tissue culture infective dose 50 (TCID50)/0.1 ml, respectively. The MARC-145 cell clone supported replication of all 11 different porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates that were tested. These results indicated that the MARC-145 cells will be useful for PRRS virus replication. C1 USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. USDA,APHIS,NATL VET SERV LABS,DIAGNOST VIROL LAB,AMES,IA 50010. UNIV MINNESOTA,COLL VET MED,DEPT CLIN & POPULAT SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 14 TC 419 Z9 435 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1993 VL 133 IS 3-4 BP 477 EP 483 DI 10.1007/BF01313785 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA MJ633 UT WOS:A1993MJ63300020 PM 8257302 ER PT J AU ZHANG, L FRENCH, R LANGENBERG, WG AF ZHANG, L FRENCH, R LANGENBERG, WG TI MOLECULAR-CLONING AND SEQUENCING OF THE COAT PROTEIN GENE OF A NEBRASKAN ISOLATE OF TOBACCO NECROSIS VIRUS - THE DEDUCED COAT PROTEIN-SEQUENCE HAS ONLY MODERATE HOMOLOGY WITH THOSE OF STRAIN-A AND STRAIN-D SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BUSHY STUNT VIRUS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TURNIP CRINKLE VIRUS; MOSAIC-VIRUS; APHID TRANSMISSIBILITY; GENOME STRUCTURE; PLANT-VIRUSES; RESOLUTION; MUTATION; DNA AB A partial nucleotide sequence spanning the coat protein (CP) gene of a Nebraskan isolate of tobacco necrosis virus (TNV-NE) has been determined. The sequence contains at least four open reading frames (ORFs). The 5,'-terminal ORF encodes a protein that has 86% and 38% homology with the polymerases of strains A (TNV-A) and D (TNV-D), respectively. The second and third ORFs probably encode 10.7 kDa and 6.2 kDa proteins (p 10.7 and p 6.2). These are respectively 90% and 96% amino acid homologous encoded by similar ORFs in TNV-A but only 26% and 20% homologous with those in TNV-D. The fourth 3'-proximal ORF encodes the 30.3 kDa CP. The amino acid sequence of TNV-NE CP is only 51% and 44% homologous to those of TNV-A and TNV-D, respectively. Thus, the CP genes of TNV-NE, TNV-A, and TNV-D are quite different. Like the sequences to the 5' side of the CP gene, that of TNV-NE is more closely related to TNV-A than to TNV-D. C1 USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE. RP ZHANG, L (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,406 PLANT SCI HALL,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1993 VL 132 IS 3-4 BP 291 EP 305 DI 10.1007/BF01309540 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA LV757 UT WOS:A1993LV75700006 PM 8379851 ER PT J AU BRODIE, SJ PEARSON, LD SNOWDER, GD DEMARTINI, JC AF BRODIE, SJ PEARSON, LD SNOWDER, GD DEMARTINI, JC TI HOST-VIRUS INTERACTION AS DEFINED BY AMPLIFICATION OF VIRAL-DNA AND SEROLOGY IN LENTIVIRUS-INFECTED SHEEP SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MAEDI-VISNA VIRUS; HIV-INFECTION; IMMUNODIFFUSION TEST; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; CLINICAL-FEATURES; TYPE-1 INFECTION; PATHOGENESIS AB To correlate the presence of ovine lentivirus (OvLV) as detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with detection of antibody, 42 sheep from a flock with enzootic OvLV infection were studied. The results of agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), ELISA, and immunoblotting assays were compared, and leukocytes (blood, bone marrow, lymph node, and lung cells) were assessed for viral DNA by PCR using pol and LTR primers; amplified products were detected by specific DNA and RNA probes. Based on the number of animals that had detectable viral DNA, the specificities of AGID, ELISA, and immunoblotting were 77%, 92%, and 95 or 100% (depending on which criterion was used to interpret immunoblot results), respectively. Only in animals with OvLV-associated disease was OvLV DNA detected in leukocyte DNA prior to the amplification of virus in culture and only, in this group was high titer antibody detected to the OvLV major surface (gp 105) and transmembrane (gp 55) antigens. Animals that were both antibody and PCR-negative lacked histopathologic evidence of disease. From this study there was no indication that OvLV infection without the development of antibody occurs, and detection of OvLV DNA in animals with weak or partial serological reactions likely indicates early OvLV infection rather than false-positive PCR results. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED & BIOMED SCI,DEPT PATHOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA ARS,US SHEEP EXPTL STN,DUBOIS,ID. COLORADO STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED & BIOMED SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. FU PHS HHS [1R01 A125770] NR 51 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1993 VL 130 IS 3-4 BP 413 EP 428 DI 10.1007/BF01309670 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA LK029 UT WOS:A1993LK02900015 PM 8390828 ER PT J AU MARTINS, CLV LAWMAN, MJP SCHOLL, T MEBUS, CA LUNNEY, JK AF MARTINS, CLV LAWMAN, MJP SCHOLL, T MEBUS, CA LUNNEY, JK TI AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS SPECIFIC PORCINE CYTOTOXIC T-CELL ACTIVITY SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INFECTED CELLS; KILLER CELLS; FACTOR CSF-1; ANTIGENS; INVITRO; TRANSPLANTATION; LYMPHOCYTES; LYSIS AB African swine fever virus (ASFV) specific, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity has been studied in a protection model in which SLA inbred miniature swine are experimentally inoculated with a naturally occurring, non-fatal ASFV isolate (NHV). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from such infected swine show significant activity in CTL assays, using cultured ASFV-infected porcine blood derived macrophages as target cells. This CTL activity is elicited from PBMC by in vitro restimulation of effector cells with low doses (multiplicity of infection = 0.1) of the homologous virus isolate for 48 to 72 h. For SLA(c/c) effectors, this CTL activity appears to be SLA class I restricted because (1) blocking target cell antigens with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against SLA class I antigens causes a major reduction in CTL activity; (2) there is preferential lysis of SLA class I matched, ASFV infected targets; and (3) depletion of effector cells with CD8 specific mAb and complement causes a reduction in CTL activity. The CTL activity is ASFV specific for all pigs tested in that infected macrophages are preferentially lysed as compared to normal (non-infected) cultured macrophages or macrophages infected with hog cholera virus (HCV). Lysis of macrophages infected with different ASFV isolates revealed that there is marked lysis of macrophages infected with the virulent L 60 isolate but less lysis of macrophages infected with the DR-II and Tengani isolates. In summary, our data show that ASFV specific CTL activity is triggered in swine infected with the NHV ASFV isolate. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BLDG 1040,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,PATHOBIOL LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. UNIV FLORIDA,COLL MED,DEPT MOLEC IMMUNOL & MED MICROBIOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. OI Martins, Carlos/0000-0001-6600-6163 NR 35 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1993 VL 129 IS 1-4 BP 211 EP 225 DI 10.1007/BF01316896 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA KT986 UT WOS:A1993KT98600017 PM 8470951 ER PT J AU IRISH, JD DAVIS, SD LIVELY, RA AF IRISH, JD DAVIS, SD LIVELY, RA TI A BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF PREHISTORIC HUMAN, FAUNAL, AND CULTURAL REMAINS FROM WILSON COVE, ADMIRALTY ISLAND, ALASKA SO ARCTIC ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Archaeological testing at Wilson Cove, Admiralty Island, Alaska, revealed a habitation site and human skeletal material in three rockshelters. The habitation site is located in the southernmost shelter, and may have been a seasonal camp. Test excavations in the midden area uncovered bone and stone artifacts, marine and terrestrial faunal remains, and burned and unburned human bones. Artifacts, faunal material, and human bones were also found on the surfaces of the rockshelters. By combining the human material from all three shelters, the remains of a minimum of 13 individuals, ranging from children to young adults, were identified. Their provenience shows they did not receive the typical mortuary treatment outlined in ethnographic and historical accounts of Northwest Coast Natives. Therefore, these remains may either represent some unknown funerary practice or, with the possible exception of the subsurface bones, an event in which the individuals died concurrently. Radiocarbon analysis provided dates of >2000 years B.P. for both the lower levels of the habitation site and for the human remains. With one exception (Hidden Falls Component II) these are the earliest substantiated dates associated with human skeletal remains from Southeast Alaska. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ANTHROPOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. US FOREST SERV,TONGASS NATL FOREST,KETCHIKAN,AK 99901. RP IRISH, JD (reprint author), ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,TEMPE,AZ 85287, USA. RI Irish, Joel/B-9701-2013; OI Irish, Joel D./0000-0001-7857-8847 NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PRESS PI MADISON PA JOURNAL DIVISION, 114 N MURRAY ST, MADISON, WI 53715 SN 0066-6939 J9 ARCTIC ANTHROPOL JI Arct. Anthropol. PY 1993 VL 30 IS 2 BP 103 EP 119 PG 17 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA ML250 UT WOS:A1993ML25000006 ER PT J AU GEBHART, DL CALL, CA WEAVER, RW AF GEBHART, DL CALL, CA WEAVER, RW TI DINITROGEN FIXATION AND TRANSFER IN LEGUME CRESTED WHEATGRASS MIXTURES ON SEMIARID RANGELANDS SO ARID SOIL RESEARCH AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; MELILOTUS-ALBA MEDIK; VAR ANNUA COE; N-15; ISOTOPE DILUTION; NITROGEN CYCLING; ALFALFA; ANNUAL SWEETCLOVER; AGROPYRON-CRISTATUM X A; DESERTORUM; HYCREST AB The inclusion of legumes in grass pastures often increases grass forage quality due to the transfer of fixed N from legumes to associated grasses. This benefit may be important for crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertn. and A. desertorum Fisch. ex (Link) Schult.] growing on western rangelands where productivity is frequently N-limited. To evaluate this benefit, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or annual sweetclover (Melilotus alba Medik. var. annua Coe) was interplanted with Hycrest crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum L Gaertn. x A. desertorum Fisch. ex (Link) Schult.] in single species rows on N-15-labeled Aquic Argiustoll and Calcic Argixeroll soils in Cache Valley and Tintic Valley, Utah, respectively. Crested wheatgrass herbage had significantly lower N-15 concentrations when grown near alfalfa than in monoculture, and alfalfa near crested wheatgrass had significantly lower N-15 concentrations than monoculture alfalfa. Sweetclover herbage had significantly lower N-15 concentrations when grown near crested wheatgrass than when grown in monocultures. Analysis of crested wheatgrass herbage showed significantly lower N-15 concentrations near sweetclover than in monoculture. Isotope dilution calculations indicated that crested wheatgrass derived up to 32 and 29% of its N from alfalfa and sweetclover, respectively, depending on site, year, and grass-legume ratio. Nitrogen transfer occurred over a distance of at least 25 cm and increased as the proportion of alfalfa or sweetclover to crested wheatgrass increased. Alfalfa and sweetclover apparently are capable of transferring significant amounts of fixed N to crested wheatgrass when growing in mixture on Great Basin rangelands. RP GEBHART, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0890-3069 J9 ARID SOIL RES REHAB JI Arid Soil Res. Rehabil. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 7 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA KW521 UT WOS:A1993KW52100001 ER PT J AU ROBBINS, CW AF ROBBINS, CW TI COEFFICIENTS FOR ESTIMATING SAR FROM SOIL-PH AND EC DATA AND CALCULATING PH FROM SAR AND EC VALUES IN SALINITY MODELS SO ARID SOIL RESEARCH AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE SODIC SOILS; SALINE SOILS; SOIL SALINITY; RECLAMATION; AMELIORATION AB Data from highly weathered, low pH, sodic Australian soils have been used to develop a method for estimating soil exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) or soil extract sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) from soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) data. The method can also be used to calculate soil pH in soil salinity models using SAR and EC values. The pH was calculated as pH = A + (B x SAR1/2)/(1 + C x EC). Rewriting the equations in terms of SAR (or ESP), gives SAR (or ESP) = [(pH - A)(1 + C X EC)/B]2. This study was conducted to determine whether these same methods could be used to predict the pH and SAR values for arid climate soils that are only slightly weathered and are often sodic under natural conditions. Existing pH, EC, and SAR data from Declo loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic, Xerollic Calciorthids), Freedom silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic, Xerollic Calciorthids), and Mazuma sandy loam (coarse-loamy mixed (calcareous), mesic Typic Tomorthents) were used to calculate the A, B, and C coefficients for the three high sodium soils. Coefficients obtained for a particular soil site were then used to predict pH or SAR of soil samples at additional sites and the correlation between calculated and measured values were determined. The A values for the Idaho soils are about 0.8 greater than those for the Australian soils, which were not completely base saturated. The Australian soils B values were about twice that of the calcareous Idaho soils, and the C values were not significantly different for the Australian and Idaho soils. In both cases the A coefficient values were slightly smaller than or nearly equal to the smallest pH values in a particular data set. Using coefficients from one location of a particular sodic or saline-sodic soil to predict pH or SAR of the same soil, at a second location, was shown to be practical. Each soil type, however, requires its own set of coefficients. These relationships provide a rapid field method for estimating SAR or ESP from easily obtainable EC and pH data once the A, B, and C coefficients are determined for a particular soil. They also provide a method for pH calculation in soil salinity models that take into account soil EC and sodium effects on pH. RP ROBBINS, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,3793 N 3600 E,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0890-3069 J9 ARID SOIL RES REHAB JI Arid Soil Res. Rehabil. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 7 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA KW521 UT WOS:A1993KW52100003 ER PT J AU BAKEMAN, K AF BAKEMAN, K GP ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS TI RCC OVERTOPPING PROTECTION OF 2 USDA-FOREST-SERVICE DAMS SO ASSOCIATION OF STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS - 1993 ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, PROCEEDINGS AND PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Annual Conference of the Association of State Dam Safety Officials CY SEP 26-29, 1993 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS C1 US FOREST SERV,GOLDEN,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS PI LEXINGTON PA 450 OLD EAST VINE, 2ND FLOOR, LEXINGTON, KY 40507 PY 1993 BP A297 EP A302 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BB09Y UT WOS:A1993BB09Y00032 ER PT J AU TEMPLE, DM BREVARD, JA MOORE, JS HANSON, GJ GRISSINGER, EH BRADFORD, JM AF TEMPLE, DM BREVARD, JA MOORE, JS HANSON, GJ GRISSINGER, EH BRADFORD, JM GP ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS TI ANALYSIS OF VEGETATED EARTH SPILLWAYS SO ASSOCIATION OF STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS - 1993 ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, PROCEEDINGS AND PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Annual Conference of the Association of State Dam Safety Officials CY SEP 26-29, 1993 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS C1 USDA ARS,SPA,PSWCL,STILLWATER,OK 74075. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC STATE DAM SAFETY OFFICIALS PI LEXINGTON PA 450 OLD EAST VINE, 2ND FLOOR, LEXINGTON, KY 40507 PY 1993 BP A225 EP A230 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BB09Y UT WOS:A1993BB09Y00023 ER PT S AU Bennett, CF AF Bennett, CF BE Coutts, J VanBeek, P Frank, B Hamilton, G Nolan, C TI Rationale for public funding of agricultural extension programs SO AUSTRALIA PACIFIC EXTENSION CONFERENCE, 1993, VOLS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS: AUSTRALIA PACIFIC EXTENSION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Australia Pacific Extension Conference CY OCT 12-14, 1993 CL SURFERS PARADISE, AUSTRALIA SP Standing Comm Agr & Resource Management C1 USDA,EXTENS SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUEENSLAND GOVERNMENT DEPT PRIMARY INDUSTRIES PI BRISBANE PA GPO BOX 46, BRISBANE Q1D 4001, AUSTRALIA SN 0728-067X BN 0-7242-5386-6 J9 PROC AUSTR PACIF EXT PY 1993 BP 67 EP 70 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BE71X UT WOS:A1993BE71X00009 ER PT J AU MAYLAND, HF JOHNSON, DA ASAY, KH READ, JJ AF MAYLAND, HF JOHNSON, DA ASAY, KH READ, JJ TI ASH, CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION, AND SILICON AS ESTIMATORS OF TRANSPIRATION EFFICIENCY IN CRESTED WHEATGRASS SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; GRASSES; YIELD AB Breeding and selection for higher transpiration efficiency (W) has been hampered by tedious and costly methodology. Rapid and less costly methods are needed for screening W in plant improvement programmes. We report the relationship of ash, silicon (Si) concentration, and Si uptake to W in crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum [Fischer ex Link] Schultes), an important C3 range grass in western North America. Clones of crested wheatgrass were grown under three water levels in a field rainout shelter and as potted plants under two water levels in the field and greenhouse. Ash and Si concentrations were compared to previously determined values of shoot mass, transpiration, W, and carbon isotope discrimination (DELTA). Ash and Si concentrations were not consistently related to DELTA and W across all environments; however, ash concentration was positively correlated with DELTA (r=0-69**, df=22) and negatively correlated with W (r=-0.61**, df=22) in the well-watered field environment. Across all environments and studies, the ranges in the coefficients of variation (CV, %) for clonal means were: W, 4-15; DELTA, 1-4; ash concentration, 6-14; Si concentration, 13-30; and Si uptake, 21-33. The generally lower CV for W, DELTA, and ash concentration suggest that these traits were more repeatable than Si concentration or uptake. Although a consistent relationship was not observed between Si and W and between ash and W, the correlations of ash and W from the well-watered field environment were encouraging. In view of the low cost for ash analysis, we conclude that further research is needed to evaluate the potential of ash as a criterion in selecting for improved W, particularly during the early phases of a breeding programme when large populations are usually involved. Later selections could be based on the more precise and accurate, but costly, DELTA analysis. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP MAYLAND, HF (reprint author), USDA ARS,3793 NORTH & 3600 EAST,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. NR 20 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU C S I R O PUBLICATIONS PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0310-7841 J9 AUST J PLANT PHYSIOL JI Aust. J. Plant Physiol. PY 1993 VL 20 IS 3 BP 361 EP 369 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LL639 UT WOS:A1993LL63900011 ER PT J AU REDDACLIFF, GL HARTLEY, WJ DUBEY, JP COOPER, DW AF REDDACLIFF, GL HARTLEY, WJ DUBEY, JP COOPER, DW TI PATHOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTALLY-INDUCED, ACUTE TOXOPLASMOSIS IN MACROPODS SO AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID KANGAROOS; WALLABIES AB Thirteen Tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii) were dosed orally with 500, 1 000 or 10 000 oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii, as part of a vaccination trial. Eleven animals died of acute toxoplasmosis 9 to 15 days after challenge. The lesions were similar In all animals, consisting of foci of necrosis and inflammation in the intestines, lymphoid tissue, adrenal cortex, heart, skeletal muscle and brain, and severe generalised pulmonary congestion and oedema. Free and intracellular tachyzoites of Toxoplasma were associated with the lesions. The remaining 2 animals had shown no signs of disease when euthanased four months after challenge. Small, focal, non-suppurative inflammatory lesions were seen in brain, heart and skeletal muscle of these animals and chronic Toxoplasma infection was confirmed by mouse inoculation. C1 VET QUARANTINE CTR,TARONGA ZOO,MOSMAN,NSW 2088,AUSTRALIA. MACQUARIE UNIV,SCH BIOL SCI,N RYDE,NSW 2109,AUSTRALIA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP REDDACLIFF, GL (reprint author), ELIZABETH MACARTHUR AGR INST,MENANGLE,NSW 2570,AUSTRALIA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY ASSN PI VICTORIA PA 272 BRUNSWICK RD BRUNSWICK, VICTORIA 3056, AUSTRALIA SN 0005-0423 J9 AUST VET J JI Aust. Vet. J. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1 BP 4 EP 6 DI 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1993.tb00784.x PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KK035 UT WOS:A1993KK03500002 PM 8460990 ER PT J AU REDDACLIFF, GL PARKER, SJ DUBEY, JP NICHOLLS, PJ JOHNSON, AM COOPER, DW AF REDDACLIFF, GL PARKER, SJ DUBEY, JP NICHOLLS, PJ JOHNSON, AM COOPER, DW TI AN ATTEMPT TO PREVENT ACUTE TOXOPLASMOSIS IN MACROPODS BY VACCINATION WITH HAMMONDIA-HAMMONDI SO AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID GONDII; RESPONSES; KANGAROOS C1 FLINDERS UNIV S AUSTRALIA,MED CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS,BEDFORD PK,SA 5042,AUSTRALIA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV TECHNOL SYDNEY,DEPT MICROBIOL,GORE HILL,NSW 2065,AUSTRALIA. MACQUARIE UNIV,SCH BIOL SCI,N RYDE,NSW 2109,AUSTRALIA. RP REDDACLIFF, GL (reprint author), ELIZABETH MACARTHUR AGR INST,MENANGLE,NSW 2570,AUSTRALIA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY ASSN PI VICTORIA PA 272 BRUNSWICK RD BRUNSWICK, VICTORIA 3056, AUSTRALIA SN 0005-0423 J9 AUST VET J JI Aust. Vet. J. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1 BP 33 EP 35 DI 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1993.tb00798.x PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KK035 UT WOS:A1993KK03500011 PM 8460987 ER PT J AU CORRIER, DE HARGIS, BM HINTON, A DELOACH, JR AF CORRIER, DE HARGIS, BM HINTON, A DELOACH, JR TI PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF USED POULTRY LITTER AND LACTOSE IN THE FEED RATION ON SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS COLONIZATION OF LEGHORN CHICKS AND HENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DIETARY LACTOSE; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; BROILER-CHICKENS; CECAL MICROFLORA; TYPHIMURIUM; INFECTION; RESISTANCE AB The effect of dietary administration of lactose and used poultry litter, containing cecal and fecal droppings from adult broilers, was evaluated for protective effects against Salmonella enteritidis colonization in leghorn chicks and 16-week-old hens. The addition of used litter as 5% of the feed ration significantly decreased (P < 0.01) Salmonella cecal and organ colonization in the chicks. Provision of used litter or used litter and lactose in the feed failed to provide protection against Salmonella colonization in the hens. The results indicated that resistance to S. enteritidis colonization may be effectively increased in leghorn chicks by exposure to adult intestinal flora present in used litter. Furthermore, the results suggest that microbiological strategies employing adult intestinal microflora that increase Salmonella colonization resistance in young chicks may be ineffective in older hens. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77845. TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL STN,TX 77843. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 1993 VL 37 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.2307/1591456 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KP174 UT WOS:A1993KP17400009 PM 8452509 ER EF