FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU GREANY, PD RIHERD, C AF GREANY, PD RIHERD, C TI CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY STATUS, ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE, AND CONTROL (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) - PREFACE SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material AB The history of the Caribbean fruit fly (caribfly), Anastrepha suspensa (Loew),in Florida, its economic status, pre- and post-harvest control measures, and future control strategies are briefly discussed to introduce a series of more detailed presentations by authorities on these issues. The initiation and development of the Caribbean Fruit Fly Protocol (fly-free zone concept) is emphasized C1 FLORIDA DEPT AGR & CONSUMER SERV,DIV PLANT IND,GAINESVILLE,FL 32614. RP GREANY, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BAS BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 7 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 209 EP 211 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LM488 UT WOS:A1993LM48800001 ER PT J AU HEATH, RR EPSKY, ND LANDOLT, PJ SIVINSKI, J AF HEATH, RR EPSKY, ND LANDOLT, PJ SIVINSKI, J TI DEVELOPMENT OF ATTRACTANTS FOR MONITORING CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLIES (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA LOEW; SEX-PHEROMONE BLEND; FLY DIPTERA; MCPHAIL TRAPS; VOLATILES; IDENTIFICATION; FIELD; MALES AB Methods for monitoring Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa, are reviewed and areas of essential research required are suggested. Types of attractants discussed include food, pheromone, visual, and acoustical cues. Additionally, current information regarding the chemistry of male-produced pheromones and analytical methods for their detection and elucidation are reported. The predominant monitoring methods used are either cumbersome to deploy or ineffective. However, attempts to develop improved traps are often hindered by the lack of an understanding of the underlying fly response. The linking of currently available analytical techniques with an understanding of A. suspensa behavior should allow optimization of attractants and traps, and provide powerful methods for population monitoring. RP HEATH, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 43 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 233 EP 244 DI 10.2307/3495720 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LM488 UT WOS:A1993LM48800006 ER PT J AU BARANOWSKI, R GLENN, H SIVINSKI, J AF BARANOWSKI, R GLENN, H SIVINSKI, J TI BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL OF THE CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SUSPENSA; RATES AB Parasitic Hymenoptera were introduced into Florida in an attempt to bring the Caribbean fruit fly (caribfly) under biological control. A total of 15 species of parasites from 4 families were imported. Twelve species were released, 9 have been recovered in the field, and 5 are considered established. These coexist with both endemic fruit fly parasites and generalist species, which serendipitously attack caribfly. Inundative releases of the braconid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) to control caribfly are presently being tested by USDA/ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Division of Plant Industry. It is hypothesized that releases of parasites will augment numbers of natural enemies during periods when wasps are relatively uncommon due to difficulties in host finding. The lower numbers of flies that may result could be important in creating and maintaining fly-free zones. A renewed interest in the biological control of fruit flies promises future explorations for new natural enemies and novel means of employing them. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. RP BARANOWSKI, R (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,CTR TROP RES & EDUC,INST FOOD & AGR,HOMESTEAD,FL 33031, USA. NR 12 TC 53 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.2307/3495721 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LM488 UT WOS:A1993LM48800007 ER PT J AU HOLLER, TC HARRIS, DL AF HOLLER, TC HARRIS, DL TI EFFICACY OF STERILE RELEASES OF CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLIES (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) AGAINST WILD POPULATIONS IN URBAN HOSTS ADJACENT TO COMMERCIAL CITRUS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB The sterile male release technique was tested either as an alternative to fumigation or as a supplement to a fly-free management program in 1988 for control of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). The test area consisted of 19-28 sq. kilometers with a corresponding non-sterile fly release area. Releases began in January, 1988, and continued generally through June 1990. Efficacy was measured by determining the presence or absence of flies using an aggressive trapping program. Suppression of wild A. suspensa in the first year could not be measured easily but, by the end of the third year, measurable reduction was evident. C1 FLORIDA DEPT AGR & CONSUMER SERV,DIV PLANT IND,GAINESVILLE,FL 32614. RP HOLLER, TC (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,SCI & TECHNOL,CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY STN,POB 147100,GAINESVILLE,FL 32614, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.2307/3495722 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LM488 UT WOS:A1993LM48800008 ER PT J AU GREANY, PD SHAPIRO, JP AF GREANY, PD SHAPIRO, JP TI MANIPULATING AND ENHANCING CITRUS-FRUIT RESISTANCE TO THE CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA DIPTERA; GIBBERELLIC-ACID; GRAPEFRUIT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFESTATION; QUALITY; FLORIDA AB The natural resistance of citrus fruit to attack by the Caribbean fruit fly (caribfly) varies according to fruit senescence and cultivar. Lemons are virtually immune, oranges are highly resistant, and grapefruit are initially somewhat resistant, at least before becoming senescent. A method allowing an extension of the innate early-season resistance of grapefruit to fruit flies is described. Elucidation of lemon immunity factors is needed so that the responsible factors can be incorporated into less resistant cultivars, perhaps through use of genetic engineering techniques. By extending and/or increasing resistance of grapefruit, it may be possible to achieve adequate prevention of caribfly infestation throughout most of the season without the need to use expensive and troublesome postharvest disinfestation treatments in order to ship the fruit to quarantine-sensitive states and countries. C1 USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RP GREANY, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 258 EP 263 DI 10.2307/3495723 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LM488 UT WOS:A1993LM48800009 ER PT J AU CALKINS, CO AF CALKINS, CO TI FUTURE-DIRECTIONS IN CONTROL OF THE CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; GIBBERELLIC-ACID; SUSCEPTIBILITY; GRAPEFRUIT; FLIES; QUALITY; SYSTEM; LARVAE; CITRUS AB The Carribbean fruit fly (caribfly), Anastrepha suspensa, was introduced into Florida in 1965 and has spread throughout the southern portion of the state, infesting species of tropical and subtropical fruits. Although it does not present a threat to citrus production, it has become a quarantine pest of citrus fruits. Several novel methods of control are presented that fall under the 3 categories: detection, exclusion, and control/eradication. Research directed toward better lures and traps are underway. Exclusivity is being addressed by making the fruit unattractive for oviposition or by adding antibiotic factors to the host fruit. The concept of the fly-free zone is supported by control/eradication technology. Bait sprays that contain malathion may be phased out in the future. Replacement for this and other chemicals must be considered for future control and in support of the sterile male release method. RP CALKINS, CO (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 263 EP 270 DI 10.2307/3495724 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LM488 UT WOS:A1993LM48800010 ER PT J AU ROGERS, CE AF ROGERS, CE TI FALL ARMYWORM SYMPOSIUM - PREFACE SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material RP ROGERS, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 270 EP 270 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LM488 UT WOS:A1993LM48800011 ER PT J AU SIMMONS, AM WISEMAN, BR AF SIMMONS, AM WISEMAN, BR TI SMITH,JAMES,EDWARD - TAXONOMIC AUTHOR OF THE FALL ARMYWORM SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FALL ARMYWORM SYMP, AT THE 66TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOUTHEASTERN BRANCH OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA CY MAR 11, 1992 CL SAVANNAH, GA SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER, SE BRANCH AB Sir James Edward Smith (born 2 December 1759, died 17 March 1828) made many valuable contributions to the field of science, notably on taxonomy of plants and insects. Sir James is the sole taxonomic author of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and numerous other American insects. Many 20th century and earlier writers have erroneously attributed the taxonomic authorship of the fall armyworm and other insects to Smith and Abbot because they are co-authors of a 1797 publication describing those insects. However, the preface of that publication, as well as notes by Abbot, indicates that Smith was responsible for the systematic names therein. James Smith was the first president of the Linnaean Society of London. During his long active life, Smith published over 3,000 articles. The 1992 Fall Armyworm Symposium is dedicated to Sir James Edward Smith. RP SIMMONS, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 271 EP 276 DI 10.2307/3495726 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LM488 UT WOS:A1993LM48800012 ER PT J AU WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ AF WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ TI RESPONSE OF 4 COMMERCIAL CORN HYBRIDS TO INFESTATIONS OF FALL ARMYWORM AND CORN-EARWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FALL ARMYWORM SYMP, AT THE 66TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOUTHEASTERN BRANCH OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA CY MAR 11, 1992 CL SAVANNAH, GA SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER, SE BRANCH ID PLANT-RESISTANCE; SORGHUM; GROWTH AB Four commercial hybrids of com, Zea mays L., were evaluated for their responses to leaf-feeding by larvae of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Parameters measured were leaf-feeding damage at 7 and 14 days after infestation, ear penetration by larvae of the com earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), ear and plant height, days to 50% silk, and yield at maturity. Significant differences were found among hybrids for all measured parameters except days to 50% silk. Eighty larvae per plant infested at the 8- or 12-leaf stage resulted in significantly higher leaf-feeding damage ratings than 40 larvae per plant. Yield reductions were greater at the 8-leaf stage of infestation (32.4%) than at the 12-leaf stage of infestation (15.4%). Ear and plant height reductions were similar between the 8- and 12-leaf stages of infestation. Generally, 80 larvae did not cause a more significant reduction on ear and plant height than 40 larvae per plant. Plants in the 12-leaf stage tolerated damag e better than plants at the 8-leaf stage of plant development. Alough the hybrids tested in this study differed only in susceptibility, differences among hybrids were significant for leaf-feeding damage, ear penetration by corn earworm, ear and plant height, and yield. RP WISEMAN, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 283 EP 292 DI 10.2307/3495728 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LM488 UT WOS:A1993LM48800014 ER PT J AU RIGGIN, TM ESPELIE, KE WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ AF RIGGIN, TM ESPELIE, KE WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ TI DISTRIBUTION OF FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) PARASITOIDS ON 5 CORN GENOTYPES IN SOUTH-GEORGIA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FALL ARMYWORM SYMP, AT THE 66TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOUTHEASTERN BRANCH OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA CY MAR 11, 1992 CL SAVANNAH, GA SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER, SE BRANCH ID RESISTANT CORN; TROPHIC LEVELS; HYMENOPTERA; ICHNEUMONIDAE; FOLIAGE; STAGE; DIET AB Five genotypes of corn were planted on four different dates in south Georgia during the spring of 1991. Plants were infested with neonate fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), larvae and collected either seven or twelve days later. Larvae were reared in the laboratory on artificial diet to determine distribution of FAW parasitoids. Larvae recovered from the resistant genotype MpSWCB-4 had the highest percent parasitism (44.30%), while the susceptible genotype Pioneer 3192 had the lowest parasitism (31.70%). Aleiodes laphygmae (Gahan) was the most abundant parasitoid, attacking a total of 12.8% of the 16,120 FAW larvae recovered. Archytas marmoratus (Townsend) parasitized 10.0% of the FAW larvae while Ophion flavidus Brulle and Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) parasitized 7.9% and 6.3%, respectively, of the recovered FAW. Ten additional parasitoid species emerged from the FAW, but none of these species attacked more than 1% of the recovered FAW larvae. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602. USDA,IBPMRL,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 292 EP 302 DI 10.2307/3495729 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LM488 UT WOS:A1993LM48800015 ER PT J AU YANG, G ESPELIE, KE WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ AF YANG, G ESPELIE, KE WISEMAN, BR ISENHOUR, DJ TI EFFECT OF CORN FOLIAR CUTICULAR LIPIDS ON THE MOVEMENT OF FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) NEONATE LARVAE SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FALL ARMYWORM SYMP, AT THE 66TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOUTHEASTERN BRANCH OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA CY MAR 11, 1992 CL SAVANNAH, GA SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER, SE BRANCH ID BRASSICA-OLERACEA; PLANT-RESISTANCE; LEAF SURFACE; ZEA-MAYS; BEHAVIOR; MAIZE; WAXES; INFESTATION; INSECTS; LEAVES AB Genotypes of corn known to vary in their resistance to fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), were utilized in a study designed to examine the plant resistance role of surface ultrastructure and cuticular lipids. Scanning electron microscopy showed dramatic differences between the ultrastructural appearance of lower (4th) and upper (8th) leaves of the resistant MpSWCB-4 and the susceptible Cacahuacintle X's. In a choice test, FAW larvae preferred the upper leaves from which the cuticular lipids had been removed over untreated leaves of these two genotypes. Larval behavior was monitored by video camera on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of upper and lower leaves of MpSWCB4 and Cacahuacintle X's and on foliage samples with and without cuticular lipids. FAW showed more nonacceptance behavior on the untreated foliage than on the chloroform-extracted foliage. FAW larvae traveled greater distances and crawled faster when they were on upper leaves rather than lower leaves and when they were on the abaxial leaf surface rather than the adaxial surface. However, no difference in behavior was found when larval movement was monitored on the cuticular lipid extracts from the foliage of two resistant and two susceptible corn genotypes. C1 USDA,IBPMRL,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP YANG, G (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 302 EP 316 DI 10.2307/3495730 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LM488 UT WOS:A1993LM48800016 ER PT J AU CHANDLER, LD AF CHANDLER, LD TI USE OF FEEDING STIMULANTS TO ENHANCE INSECT GROWTH REGULATOR-INDUCED MORTALITY OF FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) LARVAE SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FALL ARMYWORM SYMP, AT THE 66TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOUTHEASTERN BRANCH OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA CY MAR 11, 1992 CL SAVANNAH, GA SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER, SE BRANCH ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; CORN AB The mortality of fall armyworm (FAW), Spodpoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), larvae was significantly increased when they fed on leaves of southern pea Vignaunguiculata [L.] that had been treated with either of two insect growth regulators (IGRs) (RH-5992 and diflubenzuron), in combination with Konsume(R),a cottonseed flour based insect feeding stimulant. Larval mortality was increased 2 and 3 days after treatment when Konsume (10% solution) and RH-5992 at 0.001 and 0.01% active ingredient [AI] were applied in combination, respectively. Similarly, a 10% solution of Konsume enhanced the effects of diflubenzuron (0.01% AI) on FAW larvae 4, 6, and 7 days after treatment. A 5% solution of Konsume mixed with diflubenzuron (0.001% AI) resulted in significantly greater fall armyworm larval mortality 2-5 days after treatment compared with diflubenzuron alone. The feeding stimulants Nu-Lure(R), Coax(R) and Konsume all performed similarly against FAW larvae when mixed with either RH-5992 or diflubenzuron. However, Nu-Lure and Coax mixed with the IGRs did not significantly increase fall armyworm mortality above that caused by the IGRs alone. The simultaneous use of a feeding stimulant, such as Konsume, may provide an effective tool to increase toxicant activity of RH-5992 or diflubenzuron, and decrease the time needed to effect death of fall armyworm larvae. RP CHANDLER, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 316 EP 326 DI 10.2307/3495731 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LM488 UT WOS:A1993LM48800017 ER PT J AU ROGERS, CE MARTI, OG AF ROGERS, CE MARTI, OG TI INFESTATION DYNAMICS AND DISTRIBUTION OF NOCTUIDONEMA-GUYANENSE (NEMATODA, APHELENCHOIDIDAE) ON ADULTS OF SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA AND MOCIS-LATIPES (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FALL ARMYWORM SYMP, AT THE 66TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOUTHEASTERN BRANCH OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA CY MAR 11, 1992 CL SAVANNAH, GA SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER, SE BRANCH ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; ECTOPARASITIC NEMATODE; TEMPERATURE; DISPERSAL AB The infestation dynamics and distribution of an ectoparasitic nematode, Noctuidonema guyanense Remillet and Silvain, on moths of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) and Mocis latipes (Guen)e) were studied. Nematodes transfer among hosts as moths mate. Subsequent dispersal and reproduction by N. guyanense on new hosts results in an aggregation of nematodes on the posterior abdominal segments of S. frugiperda moths. On M. latipes, nematodes aggregate on the posterior margin of the thorax and on the first and second abdominal segments. Nematodes are rarely found on the head of moths of either species. A significant, positive correlation exists between dispersal of nematodes on S. frugiperda and elapsed time after the initiation of host mating. RP ROGERS, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 326 EP 333 DI 10.2307/3495732 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LM488 UT WOS:A1993LM48800018 ER PT J AU SIMMONS, AM AF SIMMONS, AM TI EFFECTS OF CONSTANT AND FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES AND HUMIDITIES ON THE SURVIVAL OF SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA PUPAE (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FALL ARMYWORM SYMP, AT THE 66TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOUTHEASTERN BRANCH OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC OF AMERICA CY MAR 11, 1992 CL SAVANNAH, GA SP ENTOMOL SOC AMER, SE BRANCH ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA AB Pupae of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), were maintained in the laboratory for emergence under selected constant and fluctuating temperatures and humidities. Temperatures ranged from 10 to 40-degrees-C, with a vapor pressure deficiency maintained constant at 8.5 mb in one study. No eclosion occurred at 10-degrees-C or at 40-degrees-C. Insects held at 15 and 35-degrees-C had low survival and a high percentage (39-62%) were deformed. The optimum rate of development occurred at 30 and 35-degrees-C, but a high percentage (58% of males, 39% of females) of the insects held at 35-degrees-C emerged deformed. In a comparison between the constant and fluctuating temperatures (the mean of the fluctuating temperature equalled the constant temperature treatment), survival was not affected, but development was generally faster with the fluctuating treatment. In another study, relative humidity ranged from 20 to about 100% (33.9 to about 0 mb) and was maintained at 30-degrees-C. Percentage survival, rate of development, or percent deformity were not affected by humidity. Weight loss was similar among insects held under different humidity treatments and was not affected by constant or fluctuating condition. Although survival was the same for the sexes, females developed at a faster rate and a smaller percentage emerged deformed as compared with males. RP SIMMONS, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 333 EP 340 DI 10.2307/3495733 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LM488 UT WOS:A1993LM48800019 ER PT J AU GAGNE, RJ BENNETT, FD AF GAGNE, RJ BENNETT, FD TI 2 NEW SPECIES OF LESTODIPLOSINI (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) PREYING ON HOMOPTERA AND THYSANOPTERA IN SOUTHERN FLORIDA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Two new species of predaceous Lestodiplosini from southern Florida are described and illustrated. Lestodiplosis laticaulis Gagne preys on Diaspis echinocacti (Bouche) (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae), and Thripsobremia thripivora Gagne preys on Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) and Trioza magnoliae (Ashmead) (Homoptera: Psyllidae). The new species are compared to their congeners and the status of Thripsobremia is discussed. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ENTOMOL & NEMATOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP GAGNE, RJ (reprint author), USDA,ARS,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,US NATL MUSEUM NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 341 EP 348 DI 10.2307/3495734 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LM488 UT WOS:A1993LM48800020 ER PT J AU ARNAL, E RUSSELL, LM DEBROT, E RAMOS, F CERMELI, M MARCANO, R MONTAGNE, A AF ARNAL, E RUSSELL, LM DEBROT, E RAMOS, F CERMELI, M MARCANO, R MONTAGNE, A TI A LISTING OF WHITE FLIES (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) AND THEIR HOST PLANTS IN VENEZUELA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA Spanish DT Article AB A survey of whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Venezuela was made by collecting leaves of plants containing colonies of these insects, at different locations. It resulted in a total of 19 genera, and 20 determined and 12 undetermined species, that were colonizing cultivated plants and weeds belonging to 27 botanical families. The whiteflies and their hosts are arranged alphabetically in the list. Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) was the commonest species collected. Specimens representing a new genus near Tetraleurodes were collected on Pachira insignis (Swartz) Sav. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV CENT VENEZUELA,FAC AGRON,INST ZOOL AGR,MARACAY 2101 A,VENEZUELA. RP ARNAL, E (reprint author), FONAIAP,CTR NACL INVEST AGROPECUARIAS,DEPT PROTECC VEGETAL,APDO 4653,MARACAY 2101,VENEZUELA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 365 EP 381 DI 10.2307/3495737 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LM488 UT WOS:A1993LM48800023 ER PT J AU KRUEGER, CM DEGRUGILLIER, ME NARANG, SK AF KRUEGER, CM DEGRUGILLIER, ME NARANG, SK TI SIZE DIFFERENCE AMONG 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES FROM ENDOSYMBIONTIC BACTERIA FOUND IN TESTES OF HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS, HELIOTHIS-SUBFLEXA, (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) AND BACKCROSS STERILE MALE MOTHS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; STREPTOCOCCAL L-FORMS; CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY; DROSOPHILA-PAULISTORUM; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; HYBRID STERILITY; RIBOSOMAL DNA; AMPLIFICATION; POPULATIONS AB Experimentally induced interspecific matings between Heliothis virescens male and H. subflexa female moths result in sterile male and fertile female offspring. The fertile female progeny can be backcrossed with H. virescens males to produce more sterile male and fertile female offspring. Successive generations of backcross female progeny continue to produce sterile male and fertile female offspring when backcrossed to H. virescens males. Backcross sterile males readily mate with wild-type H. virescens females under field conditions. Backcross male sterility is of interest for its potential to suppress populations of the pest moth Heliothis virescens. Rickettsia-like organisms have been observed in the testes of backcross sterile males and the two parental species of Heliothis. Prokaryotic endosymbionts have been associated with hybrid sterility in other insects. Therefore, we investigated Heliothis endosymbionts via an analysis of their PCR-amplified rRNA genes (rDNA). Prokaryotic-specific primers were used to amplify 16S rDNA from aseptically removed testes. PCR reactions without testes extract were negative. Endosymbionts from H. virescens and H.subflexa were genetically different. The size of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA indicates that endosymbionts in backcross sterile males originate from H. subflexa. Sterile males have essentially a H. virescens nuclear genome as a result of backcrossing. We propose that backcross male sterility results from an incompatibility between the maternally inherited endosymbiont type found in the cytoplasm and the predominantly paternal genetic material found in the nucleus. RP KRUEGER, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,1605 ALBRECHT BLVD,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI GAINESVILLE PA BOX GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 2 BP 382 EP 390 DI 10.2307/3495738 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LM488 UT WOS:A1993LM48800024 ER PT J AU DICKSON, JS FRANK, JF AF DICKSON, JS FRANK, JF TI BACTERIAL STARVATION STRESS AND CONTAMINATION OF BEEF SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES SCOTT; SURVIVAL STRATEGY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MUSCLE SURFACES; MEAT SURFACES; ATTACHMENT; SALMONELLA; MICROORGANISMS; TEMPERATURE; ADHESION C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI,ATHENS,GA 30605. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 10 IS 3 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1006/fmic.1993.1023 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA LG783 UT WOS:A1993LG78300005 ER PT J AU BHADURI, S TURNERJONES, C AF BHADURI, S TURNERJONES, C TI THE EFFECT OF ANAEROBIC ATMOSPHERES ON THE STABILITY OF THE VIRULENCE-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS IN YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; GROWTH; CHILDREN; BINDING; STRAINS; GAS; O-3 RP BHADURI, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 10 IS 3 BP 239 EP 242 DI 10.1006/fmic.1993.1026 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA LG783 UT WOS:A1993LG78300008 ER PT J AU PALUMBO, SA SMITH, JL MARMER, BS ZAIKA, LL BHADURI, S TURNERJONES, C WILLIAMS, AC AF PALUMBO, SA SMITH, JL MARMER, BS ZAIKA, LL BHADURI, S TURNERJONES, C WILLIAMS, AC TI THERMAL-DESTRUCTION OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES DURING LIVER SAUSAGE PROCESSING SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; MEAT RP PALUMBO, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 10 IS 3 BP 243 EP 247 DI 10.1006/fmic.1993.1027 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA LG783 UT WOS:A1993LG78300009 ER PT J AU MEBUS, CA HOUSE, C GONZALVO, FR PINEDA, JM TAPIADOR, J PIRE, JJ BERGADA, J YEDLOUTSCHNIG, RJ SANCHEZVIZCAINO, JM AF MEBUS, CA HOUSE, C GONZALVO, FR PINEDA, JM TAPIADOR, J PIRE, JJ BERGADA, J YEDLOUTSCHNIG, RJ SANCHEZVIZCAINO, JM TI SURVIVAL OF SWINE VESICULAR DISEASE VIRUS IN SPANISH SERRANO CURED HAMS AND IBERIAN CURED HAMS, SHOULDERS AND LOINS SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 INST NACL INVEST AGR,SANIDAD ANIM,E-28130 MADRID,SPAIN. GRP NAVIDUL,E-28006 MADRID,SPAIN. LAB SOBRINO CYANAMID,GIRONA,SPAIN. INTERALIMEN,E-29006 MADRID,SPAIN. JP CONSULTANTS INC,SAFETY HARBOR,FL 34695. RP MEBUS, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,APHIS,VS,NVSL,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. RI Sanchez-Vizcaino, Jose Manuel/G-6299-2015 OI Sanchez-Vizcaino, Jose Manuel/0000-0002-1502-8968 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 10 IS 3 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.1006/fmic.1993.1030 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA LG783 UT WOS:A1993LG78300012 ER PT J AU URI, ND CHOMO, GV HOSKIN, R HYBERG, B AF URI, ND CHOMO, GV HOSKIN, R HYBERG, B TI THE INTEGRATION OF THE MARKET FOR SOYBEANS AND SOYBEAN PRODUCTS SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article ID COMPETITIVE FOOD-INDUSTRY; RETAIL PRICE SPREAD; DEMAND; TESTS AB This article addresses the question of whether soybeans, soybean meal and soybean oil produced in the USA and exported were part of a single, world geographic market during the decade of the 1980s. An answer to this question is sought using an approach to defining a geographic market based on the notion of instantaneous causality. The empirical results, based on prices for soybeans, soybean meal and soybean oil for three spatially diffuse locations, suggest that there was but a single identifiable world market for these commodities over the period of study. This has implications for the continued presence of soybean production subsidies and discussions on international agreements designed to reduce or eliminate these subsidies. RP URI, ND (reprint author), USDA ARS,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD JUN PY 1993 VL 18 IS 3 BP 200 EP 213 DI 10.1016/0306-9192(93)90077-O PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA LJ790 UT WOS:A1993LJ79000003 ER PT J AU ARMSTRONG, JP PONZURICK, TG LUPPOLD, WG AF ARMSTRONG, JP PONZURICK, TG LUPPOLD, WG TI UNITED-STATES HARDWOOD LUMBER EXPORTS TO CANADA - AN ASSESSMENT OF MARKET SEGMENTS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRADE AB The marketing of forest products has greatly expanded in the international marketplace, which creates a need for market-based buyer information. This paper attempts to address this need for the Canadian export market as it relates to various market segments that purchase and import hardwood lumber. By surveying Canadian importers of U.S. hardwood lumber. the characteristics of these international buyers can be realized. Specific findings include the species of hardwood lumber purchased, the primary business activity of these importers, and their geographic location. The results also identified the various grades of hardwood lumber purchased by these Canadian buyers as well as the distribution of the processed product. These findings should be useful in both identifying and qualifying marketing opportunities for U.S. hardwood lumber exporters seeking to serve the Canadian market. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,PRINCETON,WV 24740. RP ARMSTRONG, JP (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT MKT,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 43 IS 6 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA LH391 UT WOS:A1993LH39100004 ER PT J AU GATCHELL, CJ WIEDENBECK, JK WALKER, ES AF GATCHELL, CJ WIEDENBECK, JK WALKER, ES TI A RED OAK DATA-BANK FOR COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS OF SECONDARY PROCESSING SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB An extensive data bank for red oak lumber that is compatible with most secondary manufacturing computer simulator tools is now available. Currently, the data bank contains 10,718 board feet in 1,578 boards. The National Hardwood Lumber Association's (NHLA) Special Kiln Dried Rule was used to grade the boards. The percentage of a board's surface measure contained in clear-face cuttings of required sizes can vary considerably depending on whether the board is graded by a computer or a person. Both computer-generated minimum percentages and human-generated optimum clear-face percentages are included in the data bank. The availability of this data bank should provide users confidence that differences between their findings and those of others are attributable to differences in the processes being simulated; the use of this data bank should minimize interstudy sample bias. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,BLACKSBURG,VA 24060. RP GATCHELL, CJ (reprint author), NE FOREST EXPT STN,RT 2,BOX 562-B,PRINCETON,WV 24740, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 43 IS 6 BP 38 EP 42 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA LH391 UT WOS:A1993LH39100009 ER PT J AU ARMSTRONG, JP PONZURICK, TG LUPPOLD, WG AF ARMSTRONG, JP PONZURICK, TG LUPPOLD, WG TI MARKETING-RELATED CRITERIA AFFECTING THE PURCHASE OF UNITED-STATES HARDWOOD LUMBER BY CANADIAN IMPORTERS SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRADE AB The international marketing of hardwood lumber products requires a thorough understanding of the product-related needs of the targeted international buyer. It is the purpose of this paper to provide some of this understanding as it relates to hardwood lumber purchases by Canadian buyers. Information provided includes the importance placed on a variety of product-related criteria by Canadian buyers as well as the amount of satisfaction these buyers have had with the ability of U.S. hardwood lumber suppliers to meet these criteria. The paper identifies opportunities for value added hardwood products in the Canadian marketplace and examines the marketing implications of these customer-driven results as they relate to the competition for supplying hardwood lumber to this international market, as well as the product features preferred by these Canadian buyers. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,PRINCETON,WV 24740. W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT MKT,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. RP ARMSTRONG, JP (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV FORESTRY,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 43 IS 6 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA LH391 UT WOS:A1993LH39100013 ER PT J AU SCHOOFS, L HOLMAN, GM PROOST, P VANDAMME, J NEVEN, H OUDEJANS, RCHM DELOOF, A AF SCHOOFS, L HOLMAN, GM PROOST, P VANDAMME, J NEVEN, H OUDEJANS, RCHM DELOOF, A TI ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION, AND SYNTHESIS OF AKH-I(4-10) FROM LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOMBARDMENT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ADIPOKINETIC HORMONES-II; PERIPLANETA-AMERICANA; SCHISTOCERCA-GREGARIA; MALPIGHIAN TUBULES; CORPORA CARDIACA; INSECT; DEGRADATION; NEUROHORMONE; PROCTOLIN C1 USDA,FOOD & ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77843. CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN,REGA INST,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. UNIV UTRECHT,DEPT EXPTL ZOOL,3584 CH UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. RP SCHOOFS, L (reprint author), CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN,INST ZOOL,NAAMSESTR 59,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 90 IS 3 BP 364 EP 371 DI 10.1006/gcen.1993.1092 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LG926 UT WOS:A1993LG92600012 PM 8224763 ER PT J AU HEALY, J CORR, C DEYOUNG, J BAKER, B AF HEALY, J CORR, C DEYOUNG, J BAKER, B TI LINKED AND UNLINKED TRANSPOSITION OF A GENETICALLY MARKED DISSOCIATION ELEMENT IN TRANSGENIC TOMATO SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS-L; MAIZE TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; TOBACCO PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; AC TRANSPOSITION; ACTIVATOR; SEQUENCES; DS; CLONING; LOCUS AB We have introduced a genetically marked Dissociation transposable element (Ds(neo)) into tomato. In the presence of Ac transposase, Ds(neo) excised from an integrated T-DNA and reinserted at numerous new sites in the tomato genome. The marker genes of Ds(neo) (NPTII) and the T-DNA (HPT) facilitated identification of plants bearing transposon excisions and insertions. To explore the feasibility of gene tagging strategies in tomato using Ds(neo), we examined the genomic distribution of Ds(neo) receptor sites, relative to the location of the donor T-DNA locus. Restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping of transposed Ds(neo) elements was conducted in two tomato families, derived from independent primary transformants each bearing Ds(neo) within a T-DNA at a unique position in the genome. Transposition of Ds(neo) generated clusters of insertions that were positioned on several different tomato chromosomes. Ds(neo) insertions were often located on the same chromosome as the T-DNA donor site. However, no insertion showed tight linkage to the T-DNA. We consider the frequency and distance of Ds(neo) transposition observed in tomato to be well suited for transposon mutagenesis. Our study made use of a novel, stable allele of Ac (Ac3) that we discovered in transgenic tomato. We determined that the Ac3 element bears a deletion of the outermost 5 base pairs of the 5'-terminal inverted repeat. Though incapable of transposition itself, Ac3 retained the ability to mobilize Ds(neo). We conclude that a dual element system, composed of the stable Ac3 trans-activator in combination with Ds(neo), is an effective tool for transposon tagging experiments in tomato. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. RI Baker, Barbara/L-7198-2016 OI Baker, Barbara/0000-0002-1276-971X NR 45 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUN PY 1993 VL 134 IS 2 BP 571 EP 584 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA LE038 UT WOS:A1993LE03800017 PM 8100787 ER PT J AU DALLAS, JF MCINTYRE, CL GUSTAFSON, JP AF DALLAS, JF MCINTYRE, CL GUSTAFSON, JP TI AN RFLP SPECIES-SPECIFIC DNA-SEQUENCE FOR THE A-GENOME OF RICE SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; ORYZA-SATIVA ID PROBE; HYBRIDIZATION; M13; FINGERPRINTS; ANGIOSPERMS; CLONING; REGIONS; ORYZA AB A DNA sequence, pOs6.20, was cloned from the nuclear genome of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) by hybridization with a human minisatellite sequence. At high hybridization stringency, a subfragment of the rice sequence, pOs6.20.3, detected low-copy restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), which behaved as Mendelian genetic markers. This subfragment detected multicopy RFLPs between an indica and a javanica cultivar at medium hybridization stringency. The sequences detected by pOs6.20.3 at high hybridization stringency did not occur in rice species possessing the B, C, D, E, and F genomes. These results suggest that the RFLPs detected by this sequence can be placed on a genetic map of rice and that this sequence can be used as a species-specific probe for the A genome of rice. C1 UNIV MISSOURI, DEPT AGRON, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, PLANT GENET RES UNIT, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. RI McIntyre, Cathrine/F-5782-2011 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD JUN PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3 BP 445 EP 448 DI 10.1139/g93-061 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA LG823 UT WOS:A1993LG82300008 PM 18470000 ER PT J AU JUNG, GA SHAFFER, JA AF JUNG, GA SHAFFER, JA TI COMPONENT YIELDS AND QUALITY OF BINARY-MIXTURES OF LUCERNE AND PERENNIAL, ITALIAN OR SHORT-ROTATION HYBRID RYEGRASS SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALFALFA; DYNAMICS; GRASSES; HERBAGE; SOWN AB Studies were conducted to characterize sward dynamics of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and perennial, Italian or short rotation hybrid ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. and L. multiflorum Lam.) binary mixtures under hay management. Lucerne/timothy (Phleum pratense L.) mixtures were included as controls. The study was conducted on two farms in central Pennsylvania, USA on Hagerstown silt loams (fine, mixed, mesic hapludalf). Total dry matter yield, grass yield and yield of digestible dry matter were higher for tetraploid perennial and tetraploid Italian ryegrass mixtures than for timothy mixtures. Seasonal production differed for the three kinds of ryegrass. Italian ryegrass dry matter yields were higher in cuts 2 and 3 than perennial ryegrass yields. Grass yields represented 34%, 24% and 12% of total yields of the Italian, perennial or short rotation, and timothy mixtures, respectively. However, herbage in vitro dry matter digestibility of Italian was lower than that of perennial ryegrass. The tetraploid perennial ryegrasses Grimalda and Reveille had high-ranking N concentrations more frequently than other cultivars, while Barvestra and Reveille tetraploid perennials and Bison short rotation ryegrass had high-ranking dry matter digestibility values more frequently than the other cultivars. Perennial ryegrass cultivars and Lipo tetraploid Italian ryegrass persisted well for 4 years and produced higher yields with a lower weed content than timothy mixtures. It is concluded that perennial ryegrasses and Lipo Italian ryegrass should be recommended over timothy, as companion grasses with lucerne. RP JUNG, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS,US REG PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 48 IS 2 BP 118 EP 125 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1993.tb01844.x PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LK442 UT WOS:A1993LK44200004 ER PT J AU RUMBLE, MA ANDERSON, SH AF RUMBLE, MA ANDERSON, SH TI HABITAT SELECTION OF MERRIAMS TURKEY (MELEAGRIS-GALLOPAVO MERRIAMI) HENS WITH POULTS IN THE BLACK-HILLS, SOUTH-DAKOTA SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE MERRIAMS TURKEYS; MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO MERRIAMI; POULTS; HABITAT SELECTION; FOREST MANAGEMENT; INVERTEBRATES; MEADOWS; RADIO TELEMETRY; GRAZING AB We studied habitat selection patterns of Merriam's Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo merriami) hens with poults in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa ecosystem. Thirty-six radio-marked hens produced 19 broads, and we obtained 230 locations of hens with poults. We described vegetation of habitats using criteria from the Rocky Mountain Region, U.S. Forest Service, for determining effects of forest management and monitoring of wildlife populations. Most habitat units were 4-32 ha and corresponded to third-order habitats as described by Johnson (1980). Wens with poults selected large meadows and rarely selected dense ponderosa pine habitats. Younger poults used meadows more frequently than did older poults. Implementation of the Black Hills National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan in ponderosa pine habitats will not negatively impact hens with poults. Grazing by livestock reduces herbaceous biomass necessary far invertebrate food items of poults and cover for poults. Habitat selection patterns of hens with poults should be evaluated by age categories of poults. RP RUMBLE, MA (reprint author), S DAKOTA SCH MINES,US FOREST SERV,501 E ST JOSEPH ST,RAPID CITY,SD 57701, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 53 IS 2 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MT821 UT WOS:A1993MT82100004 ER PT J AU ROSEBROUGH, RW MCMURTRY, JP AF ROSEBROUGH, RW MCMURTRY, JP TI ENERGY REPLETION AND LIPID-METABOLISM DURING COMPENSATORY GAIN IN BROILER-CHICKENS SO GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND AGING LA English DT Article DE COMPENSATORY GROWTH; ENZYME ACTIVITIES; LIPOGENESIS ID EARLY FEED RESTRICTION; LIPOGENESIS; PERFORMANCE; GROWTH AB Ross male broiler chickens were used to determine the effect of dietary energy on metabolism following a 6-day dietary energy restriction. Chickens were fed an amount of food (10 g) from 6 to 12 days of age calculated to only maintain body weight (maintenance energy) and not support appreciable growth. The chickens were then fed 1, 2, or 4x this amount of food for the period from from 13 to 21 days of age. Another group of chickens were also restricted from 6 to 12 days of age, but on an ad libitum basis from days 12 to 21. A control group was fed ad libitum throughout the experiment. All chickens were fed ad libitum from 21 to 54 days of age. Chickens were sacrificed at 12, 15, 17, 19, 22, 28, and 54 days. In vitro lipogenesis (IVL) and enzyme activities (isocitrate dehydrogenase; ICD, malic enzyme; ME, and glutamic oxaloacetic aminotransferase (GOT) were determined during the 12 to 28-day period and at 54 days. All restriction groups were lighter (P<0.05) than controls at 28 days. Only chickens given 1x and 2x maintenance energy from 12 to 21 days were lighter (P<0.05) than controls at 54 days. The 6-day energy restriction decreased (P<0.05) IVL and ME and refeeding 2x and 4x maintenance restored IVL as did refeeding ad libitum. The greatest response was noted between 2 and 4 days following refeeding, surpassing controls at both periods. The significance of the present study lies in the findings that lipogenesis can be dosed against the energy intake following restriction and that changes in lipogenesis are very rapid, reaching steady state within 2 to 3 days. Furthermore, the growth data suggest that restriction regimens shift normal growth curves and compensatory growth may be an artifact of expressing data because smaller, younger birds have less fat than older birds. RP ROSEBROUGH, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 4 PU GROWTH PUBL CO INC PI BAR HARBOR PA PO BOX 42, BAR HARBOR, ME 04609-0042 SN 0017-4793 J9 GROWTH DEVELOP AGING JI Growth Dev. Aging PD SUM PY 1993 VL 57 IS 2 BP 73 EP 83 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA LC434 UT WOS:A1993LC43400002 PM 8495996 ER PT J AU PUTERKA, GJ BLACK, WC STEINER, WM BURTON, RL AF PUTERKA, GJ BLACK, WC STEINER, WM BURTON, RL TI GENETIC-VARIATION AND PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WORLDWIDE COLLECTIONS OF THE RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID, DIURAPHIS-NOXIA (MORDVILKO), INFERRED FROM ALLOZYME AND RAPD-PCR MARKERS SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE ALLOZYMES; APHID; BIOTYPES; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; POPULATION GENETICS; RAPD-PCR ID SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM RONDANI; UNITED-STATES; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; MYZUS-PERSICAE; ELECTROPHORETIC TECHNIQUES; ENZYME PATTERNS; HOMOPTERA; POPULATIONS; HEMIPTERA; GREENBUG AB Genetic analyses were conducted on Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) populations collected from wheat, barley and other grasses from various countries throughout the world. These collections had been found to contain clones that differed in virulence from various cultivars, cuticular hydrocarbon profiles and life cycle characters. Discrete genetic markers analysed in this study included allozymes and arbitrary regions of the genome amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). In all, 23 enzymes were evaluated; 17 of these enzymes representing 20 isozyme loci, were judged suitable for allozyme analysis. Polymorphisms were detected at three (15 per cent) loci: beta-esterase (beta-EST), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGDH). The average expected heterozygosity amongst these loci was 4.9 per cent in the worldwide collection. Allozyme variation was absent within most populations, particularly within those countries where the species was recently introduced. Much greater genetic variation was detected when populations were analysed with RAPD-PCR. Populations were analysed with 69 polymorphic bands amplified by seven primers. All populations could be distinguished with this method. Cluster analyses indicated strong similarities between U.S.A. populations and collections from South Africa, Mexico, France and Turkey. The most variation was detected among populations from the Middle East and southern Russia. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES LAB,STILLWATER,OK 74075. NR 50 TC 118 Z9 133 U1 4 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD JUN PY 1993 VL 70 BP 604 EP 618 DI 10.1038/hdy.1993.87 PN 6 PG 15 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA LF375 UT WOS:A1993LF37500006 PM 8335479 ER PT J AU SCHON, CC LEE, M MELCHINGER, AE GUTHRIE, WD WOODMAN, WL AF SCHON, CC LEE, M MELCHINGER, AE GUTHRIE, WD WOODMAN, WL TI MAPPING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI AFFECTING RESISTANCE AGAINST 2ND-GENERATION EUROPEAN CORN-BORER IN MAIZE WITH THE AID OF RFLPS SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE INTERVAL MAPPING; NUBILALIS-HUBNER; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; RESISTANCE; RFLPS ID MARKER-FACILITATED INVESTIGATIONS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; LINKAGE MAPS; TOMATO; INBREDS; GENES; ASSOCIATION; CROSSES; PROGENY; NUMBER AB The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner) is an important pest in the global production of maize (Zea mays L.). In this study, we mapped and characterized quantitative trait loci (QTLs) significantly affecting resistance against second-generation European com borer (2ECB) and plant height with the aid of RFLP markers. A total of 300 F3 lines derived from cross B73 (susceptible) x B52 (resistant) were assayed for their parental F2 genotype at 87 RFLP loci. Field data on plant height and resistance against 2ECB were collected for the 300 F3 lines, the parents and the F2 generation at two sites, Ames and Ankeny, IA, USA. Resistance was assessed by measuring the damage of stalk tissue (tunnel length) caused by severe artificial infestation with 2ECB larvae. Genotypic variances among F3 lines were highly significant for tunnel length and plant height, but genotype by location interactions were significantly different from zero only for plant height. Heritabilities were intermediate (0.63) for tunnel length but high (0.87) for plant height. The genotypic correlation between the two traits was 0.29. The method of interval mapping was used for localization of QTLs and estimation of their genetic effects. In the combined analysis across locations, genomic regions significantly affecting resistance against 2ECB were found on chromosome arms 1S, 1L, 2S, 2L, 3L, 7L and 10L. Genomic regions on IS, 3L and 9L significantly affected plant height. Results were largely consistent across locations. Different types of gene action were found for the putative QTLs for both traits. For tunnel length a total of 38 per cent of the phenotypic variance was explained by simultaneous mapping of the seven putative QTLs. The three putative QTLs for plant height explained 63 per cent of the phenotypic variance. On 3L, evidence was found for an interaction of genes conferring resistance to 2ECB and plant height. Significant digenic epistasis was detected for one pair of marker loci. C1 UNIV HOHENHEIM,INST PLANT BREEDING SEED SCI & POPULAT GENET,POB 700562,W-7000 STUTTGART 70,GERMANY. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,ANKENY,IA 50011. RI Schoen, Chris/G-1867-2011 NR 43 TC 104 Z9 118 U1 3 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD JUN PY 1993 VL 70 BP 648 EP 659 DI 10.1038/hdy.1993.93 PN 6 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA LF375 UT WOS:A1993LF37500012 ER PT J AU TAKEDA, F ARORA, R WISNIEWSKI, ME DAVIS, GA WARMUND, MR AF TAKEDA, F ARORA, R WISNIEWSKI, ME DAVIS, GA WARMUND, MR TI ASSESSMENT OF FREEZE INJURY IN BOSKOOP GIANT BLACK-CURRANT BUDS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COLD HARDINESS; DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS; FLUORESCEIN DIACETATE; RIBES-NIGRUM; SUPERCOOLING; TRIPHENYLTETRAZOLIUM CHLORIDE ID FLOWER BUDS AB A seasonal study was conducted to assess the freezing injury of 'Boskoop Giant' black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) samples from Oct. 1991 through Mar. 1992. Buds were subjected to either differential thermal analysis (DTA) or one of a series of temperatures (0 to -36C). Freeze injury was then assessed either visually or with TTC. Results indicated that black currant floral buds have multiple low-temperature exotherms (LTE). Freeze injury in intact buds could not be visually quantified because of the lack of visible browning, nor assayed with TTC reduction. Excised floral primordia incubated in TTC, however, developed colored formazan following exposure to nonfreezing and sublethal freezing temperatures, but remained colorless when exposed to lethal temperatures. The percentage of floral primordia that were colored and colorless were tabulated and a modified Spearman-Karber equation was used to calculate the temperature at which 50% of floral primordia were killed (T50). The T50) temperature was correlated with the temperature at which the lowest LTE was detected (R2 = 0.62). TTC reduction assay using excised floral bud primordia was a good indicator of viability in frozen black currant buds. Chemical name used: 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT HORT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP TAKEDA, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 1993 VL 28 IS 6 BP 652 EP 654 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LL370 UT WOS:A1993LL37000017 ER PT J AU FARNHAM, MW NELSON, BV AF FARNHAM, MW NELSON, BV TI UTILITY OF IN-VITRO PROPAGATION FOR FIELD-GROWN BROCCOLI - EFFECT OF GENOTYPE AND GROWING-SEASON SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BRASSICA-OLERACEA BOTRYTIS GROUP; SHOOT REGENERATION ID BRASSICA-OLERACEA; REGENERATION; EXPLANTS; CULTURE; NAPUS AB We examined an in vitro culture method for propagating unconditioned, field-grown broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Botrytis group) from peduncle explants by testing 20 cultivars in fall and spring. Propagation was affected significantly by genotype (cultivar) and season. The percentage of explants regenerating shoots was significantly higher for cultivars grown in spring (17% to 100%) than in fall (0% to 66%). Shoot regeneration from explants of plants within a cultivar also varied significantly (0% to 100%). Additionally the number of propagules produced per explant was influenced by cultivar and was highly correlated with the percentage of explants regenerating shoots. This method for propagating field-grown broccoli lines is useful, but its applicability can be limited by genetic and environmental factors. RP FARNHAM, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS,VEGETABLE LAB,2875 SAVANNAH HIGHWAY,CHARLESTON,SC 29414, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 1993 VL 28 IS 6 BP 655 EP 656 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LL370 UT WOS:A1993LL37000018 ER PT J AU GRIESBACH, RJ AF GRIESBACH, RJ TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FLAVONOIDS FROM PETUNIA XHYBRIDA FLOWERS EXPRESSING THE A1-GENE OF ZEA-MAYS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENE TRANSFER; GENETIC ENGINEERING; FLOWER COLOR ID HYBRIDA; GENE AB The flavonoids from flowers of transgenic Petunia xhybrida Vilm. plants containing the A1 gene from Zea mays L. were characterized. The Al gene encodes the enzyme dihydroflavonol reductase and was introduced into a mutant petunia defective for this gene. Control, nontransgenic plants produced flowers that contained almost-equal-to 50 ng anthocyanin/100 mg tissue dry weight. Anthocyanin distribution was 63% cyanidin, 28% delphinidin, and 9% pelargonidin. In contrast, the transgenic plants produced flowers that contained almost-equal-to 500 ng anthocyanin/100 mg tissue dry weight, with 34% as cyanidin, 12% as delphinidin, and 54% as pelargonidin. The increase in anthocyanin production in the transgenic plants resulted in a corresponding molar decrease in flavonol accumulation. RP GRIESBACH, RJ (reprint author), USDA,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 1993 VL 28 IS 6 BP 659 EP 660 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LL370 UT WOS:A1993LL37000020 ER PT J AU RUBINO, DB AF RUBINO, DB TI INHERITANCE OF ESTERASE, DIAPHORASE, AND GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE IN LISIANTHUS SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EUSTOMA-GRANDIFLORUM; PRAIRIE GENTIAN; ISOZYMES ID CAMELLIA-JAPONICA L; EUSTOMA-GRANDIFLORUM; DEHYDROGENASE; LINKAGE AB Segregating lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Griseb.) Shinn.] progeny were evaluated to determine the inheritance of esterase (EST), diaphorase (DIA), and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) isozymes. Phenotypic data supported the hypotheses that EST is monomeric and controlled by one locus (Est1) with at least three alleles, DIA is tetrameric and controlled by one locus (Dia2) with at least two alleles, and GPI is controlled by one locus (Gpi1) with at least two alleles. The structure of the GPI isozyme could not be inferred from banding patterns. Joint segregation analyses indicated that the three loci segregate independently. These three isozymes are the first simply inherited, unlinked biochemical markers identified in lisianthus. These marker loci will be useful for genetic studies, breeding, and germplasm characterization. RP RUBINO, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 1993 VL 28 IS 6 BP 661 EP 663 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LL370 UT WOS:A1993LL37000021 ER PT J AU RAMMING, DW TANNER, O AF RAMMING, DW TANNER, O TI FORTUNE PLUM SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE PRUNUS-SALICINA; PLUM BREEDING RP RAMMING, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUN PY 1993 VL 28 IS 6 BP 679 EP 679 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LL370 UT WOS:A1993LL37000029 ER PT J AU BASARABA, RJ BROWN, PR LAEGREID, WW SILFLOW, RM EVERMANN, JF LEID, RW AF BASARABA, RJ BROWN, PR LAEGREID, WW SILFLOW, RM EVERMANN, JF LEID, RW TI SUPPRESSION OF LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION BY PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS TYPE-3-INFECTED BOVINE ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES SO IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZA TYPE-3 VIRUS; PARA-INFLUENZA-3 VIRUS; HEMAGGLUTININ-NEURAMINIDASE; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; INVITRO; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; CALVES; FUSION; CELLS; PHAGOCYTOSIS AB Lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) or antigen in the presence of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3) infected bovine alveolar macrophages (BAM) or monocytes, had depressed [H-3]thymidine incorporation. This failure of lymphocytes to incorporate radiolabel required live virus, was time dependent and was most pronounced when BAM were infected for 48 hr prior to the addition of lymphocytes. The rate of infection of alveolar macrophages and the release of infectious virus into culture supernatants paralleled suppression of lymphocyte mitogenesis by PIV-3. However, the peak titre of exogenous, live or inactivated virus was not suppressive when added to lymphocyte macrophage cultures just prior to Con A stimulation. Neither the loss of viable alveolar macrophages nor a shift in antigen or mitogen dose response in virally infected cultures could account for the deficit in [H-3]thymidine incorporation by lymphocytes. Despite the presence of lymphocyte-associated virus antigen detected by direct immunofluorescence, no increase in PIV-3 titre above baseline was seen from infected lymphocytes, irrespective of mitogen stimulation. Likewise, lymphocytes did not contribute to the extracellular virus pool in lymphocyte-macrophage cultures as the increases in viral titre above basal levels in supernatants were equal to levels released by macrophages alone. The expression of viral antigen on lymphocytes stimulated in the presence of PIV-3-infected BAM suggests a non-productive or abortive infection of lymphocytes mediated through contact with infected macrophages. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,MOLEC & CELLULAR INFLAMMAT LAB,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET CLIN MED & SURG,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,WASHINGTON ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS LAB,LONG ISL,NY. RP BASARABA, RJ (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET DIAGNOST INVEST,MANHATTAN,KS 66906, USA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0019-2805 J9 IMMUNOLOGY JI Immunology PD JUN PY 1993 VL 79 IS 2 BP 179 EP 188 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA LE048 UT WOS:A1993LE04800001 PM 8393834 ER PT J AU JENKINS, MC FAYER, R TILLEY, M UPTON, SJ AF JENKINS, MC FAYER, R TILLEY, M UPTON, SJ TI CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF A CDNA-ENCODING EPITOPES SHARED BY 15-KILODALTON AND 60-KILODALTON PROTEINS OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM SPOROZOITES SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HYPERIMMUNE BOVINE COLOSTRUM; EIMERIA-ACERVULINA; NUDE-MICE; NEUTRALIZATION; DIARRHEA; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; MEROZOITES; ANTIGENS AB A CDNA (CP15/60) encoding epitopes of Cryptosporidium parvum 15- and 60-kDa sporozoite proteins was isolated and expressed in Escherichia coli toward the goal of developing an immunogen for producing high-titer anticryptosporidial colostrum. Antisera prepared in rats to native C. parvum 15-kDa protein and used to identify the CP15/60 bacteriophage clone recognized both 15- and 60-kDa in vitro translation products derived from sporozoite RNA. Antisera specific for recombinant CP15/60 antigen recognized native 15- and 60-kDa C. parvum sporozoite proteins by immunoblotting and identified both surface and internal antigens on C. parvum sporozoites by immunofluorescence staining. Northern (RNA) and Southern blot hybridization experiments using sporozoite RNA and DNA indicated that CP15/60 DNA is transcribed as a single 1.4-kb RNA species from a single-copy gene. Recombinant CP15/60 antigen was recognized by hyperimmune colostrum from cows immunized with C. parvum oocyst-sporozoite protein and by convalescent-phase sera from C. parvum-infected calves. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DIV BIOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP JENKINS, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 61 IS 6 BP 2377 EP 2382 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA LE498 UT WOS:A1993LE49800015 PM 7684726 ER PT J AU PETZEL, DH PARRISH, AK OGG, CL WITTERS, NA HOWARD, RW STANLEYSAMUELSON, DW AF PETZEL, DH PARRISH, AK OGG, CL WITTERS, NA HOWARD, RW STANLEYSAMUELSON, DW TI ARACHIDONIC-ACID AND PROSTAGLANDIN E(2) IN MALPIGHIAN TUBULES OF FEMALE YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITOS SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MOSQUITO MALPIGHIAN TUBULES; ARACHIDONIC ACID; PROSTAGLANDINS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ID UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; TELEOGRYLLUS-COMMODUS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; METABOLISM; HEMOCYTES; INSECTS AB The fatty acid compositions of Malpighian tubules from adult females of the mosquito Aedes aegypti were determined for total lipids, phospholipids, triacylglycerols and three phospholipid fractions, namely phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylserine (PI/PS). The prostaglandin precursor arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) occurred in total lipids and phospholipids, but not triacylglycerols. Within phospholipids, nearly all of the 20:4n-6 was detected in PC, with only traces in PE, and none was detected in PI/PS. Isolated Malpighian tubules incorporated exogenous radioactive 20:4n-6 into tissue phospholipids and diacylglycerols, with most of the radioactivity recovered in diacylglycerol. These data indicate selective incorporation of 20:4n-6 into tissue lipids. PGE2 Was detected in Malpighian tubule whole mounts by immunohistochemical staining. These findings support the idea that prostaglandins are physiologically active in mosquito Malpighian tubules. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ENTOMOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. CREIGHTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOMED SCI,DIV PHYSIOL,OMAHA,NE 68178. USDA ARS,US,GMRL,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 4 BP 431 EP 437 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(93)90050-3 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA LA509 UT WOS:A1993LA50900001 PM 8508185 ER PT J AU HARRINGTON, MG AF HARRINGTON, MG TI PREDICTING PINUS-PONDEROSA MORTALITY FROM DORMANT SEASON AND GROWING-SEASON FIRE INJURY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE FIRE EFFECTS; CROWN SCORCH; PINUS-PONDEROSA; COLORADO; MORTALITY PREDICTION MODEL AB Understory prescribed burning was conducted in an immature Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine) stand in southwestern Colorado during three seasons, late spring, midsummer, and autumn. Tree mortality from various levels of crown scorch was compared for the different seasons of injury. A total of 526 trees of different sizes, with crown scorch ranging from 20 to 100%, were monitored annually for 10 years. Over 80% of the 10-year mortality from injury in all three seasons had occurred by year 3, with over 90% occurring by year 4. Mortality of trees scorched in the spring and summer was about 2.5 times greater than that in the autumn for similar crown damage. Most trees larger than 18 cm in diameter survived autumn injury, even with greater than 90% scorching. Following spring and summer injury, trees smaller than 10 cm in diameter died readily with greater than 50% scorching, but about 90% crown scorch was required by large trees to be lethal. A logistic regression model was developed to predict the probability of mortality given tree size, scorch class, and season of injury. Because mortality was similar within scorch classes less than 90%, they were combined into a single class. Scorch thresholds with large increases in mortality occurred at 90% and 100% crown scorch. The season variable includes two groups, dormant (autumn) and growing (spring and summer). Use of this model to predict mortality of immature P. ponderosa is appropriate where stand, fuel, and fire conditions resemble those of this study. RP HARRINGTON, MG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT FIRE SCI LAB,INTERMT RES STN,POB 8089,MISSOULA,MT 59807, USA. NR 0 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC WILDLAND FIRE PI FAIRFIELD PA PO BOX 328, FAIRFIELD, WA 99012-0328 SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PD JUN PY 1993 VL 3 IS 2 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1071/WF9930065 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LF749 UT WOS:A1993LF74900001 ER PT J AU TEIXEIRA, RA MISHEL, L AF TEIXEIRA, RA MISHEL, L TI WHOSE SKILLS SHORTAGE - WORKERS OR MANAGEMENT SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 ECON POLICY INST,WASHINGTON,DC. RP TEIXEIRA, RA (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SUM PY 1993 VL 9 IS 4 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA LM539 UT WOS:A1993LM53900035 ER PT J AU CONKERTON, EJ CHAPITAL, DC VINYARD, BT SCHNEIDER, GR JENKINS, JN AF CONKERTON, EJ CHAPITAL, DC VINYARD, BT SCHNEIDER, GR JENKINS, JN TI FRUITING SITES IN COTTON - SEED QUALITY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO BUDWORM; YIELD AB Cottonseed, Gossypium hirsutum L., production and quality are affected by agronomic practices, cultivar differences, and environmental conditions. Experiments were conducted to compare the quality of seeds produced from six cultivars. Cotton was grown in experimental plots at Mississippi State, MS. At harvest, bolls were collected from selected positions on fruiting branches of the plants. After ginning, seed was collected for evaluation. Quality of the seed was determined by seed weight, kernel weight, size and color, microbial content, oil content, and free fatty acid (FFA) content of the oil. For all cultivars, yield and quality were highest in bolls adjacent to the main stem on branches in the center of the plant. Statistical analysis indicated that seed yield, seed and kernel weight, and oil content exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) cultivar by fruiting site interaction. FFA and microbial content were significantly (p < 0.05) different among cultivars and fruiting sites. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,CROP SCI RES LAB,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP CONKERTON, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 41 IS 6 BP 882 EP 885 DI 10.1021/jf00030a008 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LH119 UT WOS:A1993LH11900008 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, SL KING, JW RICHARD, JL GREER, JI AF TAYLOR, SL KING, JW RICHARD, JL GREER, JI TI ANALYTICAL-SCALE SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION OF AFLATOXIN-B1 FROM FIELD-INOCULATED CORN SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Analytical-scale supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was applied for the removal of aflatoxin B1 from field-inoculated corn samples. Various pressures (2000-15 000 psig), temperatures (40-80-degrees-C), quantity of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) (50-500 mL of liquid CO2), and organic modifiers were utilized to optimize the extraction method. The addition of an organic modifier to the SC-CO2 Was found to be essential to achieve high aflatoxin B1 recoveries. Modifier additions of 5-20% by volume of an acetonitrile/methanol (2:1) mixture or neat isopropyl alcohol were tested. Analysis of extracts was performed with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection of the trifluoroacetic acid derivative. Recoveries were maximized by increasing the CO2 pressure and organic modifier level to 10-15% (v/v). The SFE method yielded over 90% analyte recovery when compared to conventional solvent extraction procedures. Attempts to remove coextracted lipid matter by a supercritical fluid-based cleanup method are also described. The precision of the method is affected by the sample size and the homogeneity of the corn sample. RP TAYLOR, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 41 IS 6 BP 910 EP 913 DI 10.1021/jf00030a014 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LH119 UT WOS:A1993LH11900014 ER PT J AU SEITZ, LM WRIGHT, RL WANISKA, RD ROONEY, LW AF SEITZ, LM WRIGHT, RL WANISKA, RD ROONEY, LW TI CONTRIBUTION OF 2-ACETYL-1-PYRROLINE TO ODORS FROM WETTED GROUND PEARL-MILLET SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POPCORN-LIKE AROMA; RICE; QUANTIFICATION AB The odorous compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) was the cause of an undesirable ''mousy'' odor that developed when raw pearl millet grits were wetted and slowly dried. The 2AP in millet was identified by comparing gas chromatography (GC) retention times, odor at the GC sniffing port, mass spectra, and vapor-phase infrared spectra with those of 2AP from Jasmine and Indian Basmati aromatic rices. Identification of 2AP in aromatic rices had been reported previously. The odor of 2AP at the sniffing port was similar to the undesirable odor in bulk samples of wetted millet grits and was the key factor in identifying 2AP as the odorous component. Both blue and yellow raw millet grits produced 2AP and the mousy odor. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP SEITZ, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 7 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 41 IS 6 BP 955 EP 958 DI 10.1021/jf00030a023 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LH119 UT WOS:A1993LH11900023 ER PT J AU ANDERSEN, RA FLEMING, PD HAMILTONKEMP, TR HILDEBRAND, DF AF ANDERSEN, RA FLEMING, PD HAMILTONKEMP, TR HILDEBRAND, DF TI PH CHANGES IN SMOKELESS TOBACCOS UNDERGOING NITROSATION DURING PROLONGED STORAGE - EFFECTS OF MOISTURE, TEMPERATURE, AND DURATION SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NITROSAMINE FORMATION; PYRIDINE ALKALOIDS; BURLEY TOBACCO; CATALYSIS; NITRITE; SNUFF; RATS AB Three smokeless tobacco research products were each adjusted to two moisture levels before storage for 48 weeks at 24 and 32-degrees-C. The pHs of high water content moist snuff (55.5%) and dry snuff (remoisturized to 51.4%) increased 0.3-2.1 pH units during the storage. In contrast, the pHs of decreased water content moist snuff (21.9%) and dry snuff (12.3%) decreased by 0.2-0.4 unit. Chewing tobacco pHs at high (49.3%) and low (22.3%) moisture levels and at each moisture-temperature treatment decreased during storage. Nitrosated pyridine alkaloids increased only in tobaccos that became more alkaline during storage. Interactions between the effects of moisture and temperature occurred. Heating snuffs at 100-degrees-C for 30 min at zero storage time prevented the increases of pH, nitrosamines, and nitrite observed in non-heat-treated controls during storage. The results support the view that increases of nitrosamines may be mediated by microbial growth. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT HORT,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP ANDERSEN, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 41 IS 6 BP 968 EP 972 DI 10.1021/jf00030a026 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LH119 UT WOS:A1993LH11900026 ER PT J AU LAAKSO, JA GLOER, JB WICKLOW, DT DOWD, PF AF LAAKSO, JA GLOER, JB WICKLOW, DT DOWD, PF TI A NEW PENITREM ANALOG WITH ANTIINSECTAN ACTIVITY FROM THE SCLEROTIA OF ASPERGILLUS-SULPHUREUS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METABOLITE AB The new antiinsectan metabolite 2 (10-oxo-11,33-dihydropenitrem B) has been isolated from the sclerotia of Aspergillus sulphureus. Compound 2 is related to the penitrems, a known group of tremorgenic fungal metabolites. The structure of 2 was assigned primarily by NMR studies (e.g., COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) and by comparison to data published for the penitrems. A known aflavinine analog (3; 10,23-dihydro-24,25-dehydroaflavinine) was also isolated from A. sulphureus sclerotia. This is the first report of any aflavinine analog from a member of the Aspergillus ochraceus taxonomic group. C1 UNIV IOWA,DEPT CHEM,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 41 IS 6 BP 973 EP 975 DI 10.1021/jf00030a027 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LH119 UT WOS:A1993LH11900027 ER PT J AU LEESON, A HAPEMAN, CJ SHELTON, DR AF LEESON, A HAPEMAN, CJ SHELTON, DR TI BIOMINERALIZATION OF ATRAZINE OZONATION PRODUCTS - APPLICATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PESTICIDE WASTE-DISPOSAL SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; BACTERIA; WATER AB Development of remediation techniques for unusable pesticide wastes has led to a binary scheme involving ozonation followed by biomineralization of the resultant oxidized pesticides. Preliminary field tests of this technique indicated that the s-triazines were somewhat, more recalcitrant than the other pesticides present. Further experiments identified the final ozonation products of atrazine, the most widely used s-triazine, as 4-acetamido-6-amino-2-chloro-s-triazine (CDAT) and chlorodiamino-s-triazine (CAAT). These compounds can be utilized by microorganisms only as nitrogen sources; however, 1 % concentrations of ammonia fertilizers are not uncommon in pesticide waste. Therefore, the organism should prefer an organic nitrogen source and tolerate high ammonia concentrations. A Klebsiella terragena (strain DRS-I) was observed to degrade CAAT in the presence of high ammonia concentrations (0.8 M) with the addition of a carbon source (corn syrup), in contrast to a known s-triazine-degrading organism which could not. Nearly complete mineralization of CAAT to CO2 by DRS-1 was demonstrated using CAAT-U-ring-C-14. Bench-scale reactors indicated that continuous-flow or fixed-film reactors would support growth of DRS-1 cultures and CAAT degradation. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 41 IS 6 BP 983 EP 987 DI 10.1021/jf00030a030 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LH119 UT WOS:A1993LH11900030 ER PT J AU BRANDON, DL BINDER, RG WILSON, RE MONTAGUE, WC AF BRANDON, DL BINDER, RG WILSON, RE MONTAGUE, WC TI ANALYSIS OF THIABENDAZOLE IN POTATOES AND APPLES BY ELISA USING MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BENZIMIDAZOLE FUNGICIDES; PERSISTENCE; BENOMYL; FRUITS; PEARS AB Thiabendazole [2-(4-thiazolyl)-1H-benzimidazole,TBZ] is used as a preharvest or postharvest fungicide on pome fruits, citrus, bananas, potatoes, and several other commodities. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) method was developed which uses monoclonal antibodies that bind thiabendazole. The antibodies were elicited using the hapten 5-succinamido-2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole. Aqueous buffers or water is adequate for extraction of the TBZ, and the method can be completed, without access to sophisticated laboratory equipment, within 4h. Results were validated by comparison to a method employing chromatographic fractionation with UV detection. The ELISA method using aqueous extraction of apple or potato peel has a limit of detection of <0.2 ppm. Since U.S. federal tolerances for residues of TBZ in potatoes and apples are both 10 ppm, this rapid screening test has sufficient sensitivity for regulatory monitoring of residues. In addition, the ELISA could serve as a quality control procedure for dipping or spraying operations. RP BRANDON, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 16 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 41 IS 6 BP 996 EP 999 DI 10.1021/jf00030a032 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LH119 UT WOS:A1993LH11900032 ER PT J AU REEVES, JB GALLETTI, GC AF REEVES, JB GALLETTI, GC TI NITROBENZENE OXIDATION VS PYROLYSIS-GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY AS A MEANS TO DETERMINE LIGNIN COMPOSITION SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS, PROCESSES AND APPLICATIONS OF PYROLYSIS CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 1992 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY DE NITROBENZENE OXIDATION; PHENOLICS; PY-GC/MS; PYROLYSIS ID DIGESTIBILITY AB Nitrobenzene oxidation has traditionally been used to determine lignin composition. More recently, pyrolysis coupled with mass spectrometry and gas chromatography has been used. The objective of this study was to determine the comparability of data obtained by these procedures. Fourteen forages and by-products were studied as water-treated controls and treated with sodium chlorite. Seven nitrobenzene oxidation and 51 pyrolysis products were quantified and examined by regression analysis. Stepwise regression analysis using percentage composition data and all 28 samples showed that most of the oxidation products could be correlated with pyrolysis products. Results for separate analysis of the control and treated samples were considerably better, with most r-squares above 0.80 when using four pyrolysis products. Trying to predict pyrolysis products from the nitrobenzene results was not nearly as successful, indicating a compression of the data available from pyrolysis by the nitrobenzene procedure. Finally, the use of mass spectral data, obtained by combining all mass data for the lignin region of the pyrogram, in a regression program produced excellent results for predicting nitrobenzene results from those from pyrolysis, yielding r-squares of greater-than-or-equal-to 0.9 for the control samples and greater-than-or-equal-to 0.88 for the treated samples, when using four masses. In summary, it appears possible to convert the results from pyrolysis to those from nitrobenzene oxidation. C1 UNIV REGGIO CALABRIA,IST MICROBIOL & TECNOL AGR & FORESTALE,I-89061 GALLINA,ITALY. RP REEVES, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BLDG 200,RM 126,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD JUN PY 1993 VL 25 BP 195 EP 207 DI 10.1016/0165-2370(93)80040-7 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA LL083 UT WOS:A1993LL08300015 ER PT J AU HATFIELD, PG PETERSEN, MK CLARK, CK GLIMP, HA HEMENWAY, KJ RAMSEY, WS AF HATFIELD, PG PETERSEN, MK CLARK, CK GLIMP, HA HEMENWAY, KJ RAMSEY, WS TI EFFECTS OF BARLEY VARIETY AND RESTRICTED VERSUS AD-LIBITUM INTAKE ON RATE, SITE, AND EXTENT OF DIGESTION BY WETHERS FED A HIGH-ENERGY DIET SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE WETHERS; FEED INTAKE; BARLEY; DIGESTION ID GROWING LAMBS; FEED-INTAKE; STEERS; DIGESTIBILITY; EFFICIENCY; METABOLISM AB Twelve ruminally cannulated wethers (four with duodenal cannulas) were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square to investigate effects of barley variety and restricted vs ad libitum intake on site, rate, and extent of digestion. Diets were based on Ottus (52.7% starch; 0) or Steptoe (56.7% starch; S) barley fed at either 90% of prestudy ad libitum feed intake (R) or ad libitum consumption (A). Diets were formulated to be equal in starch content (38%). Periods consisted of 10 d for adaptation followed by 10 d in which fecal, duodenal, ruminal, and in situ collections were made. With the exception of ruminal starch digestion, barley variety did not interact with level of feed intake (P >.26). Intake of OM was 1,009, 996, 1,124, and 881 g.wether-1.d-1 for O, S, A, and R, respectively. Intake by R wethers of OM and starch was 78% (P < .01) of intake by A wethers. Duodenal flow of OM and ruminal pH were not affected (P > .28) by either intake restriction or barley variety. Although restricted intake did not affect ruminal (P = .84) and duodenal (P =.39) ammonia nitrogen, the O barley had higher (P = .01) ruminal and duodenal ammonia nitrogen than did S barley. Restricted intake had no effect (P > .30) on rate of ruminal barley digestion, ruminal and total tract starch digestion, or total tract OM digestion. This may be due to the rapid digestion rate of barley. Despite reduced fluctuation in daily OM intake by R wethers, ruminal pH fluctuation was not reduced (P = .99) by intake restriction; however, 0 was higher (P = .05) in ruminal pH fluctuation than was S barley. Dynamics of digestion in wethers were not influenced by restricting intake to 78%. Barley variety influenced ruminal and duodenal ammonia nitrogen and ruminal pH. RP HATFIELD, PG (reprint author), USDA,ARS,US SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1390 EP 1394 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LE943 UT WOS:A1993LE94300004 PM 8325797 ER PT J AU NUNEZDOMINGUEZ, R VANVLECK, LD CUNDIFF, LV AF NUNEZDOMINGUEZ, R VANVLECK, LD CUNDIFF, LV TI BREED COMPARISONS FOR GROWTH TRAITS ADJUSTED FOR WITHIN-BREED GENETIC TREND USING EXPECTED PROGENY DIFFERENCES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EXPECTED PROGENY DIFFERENCES; BREED DIFFERENCES; BEEF CATTLE; GROWTH TRAITS; GENETIC TREND ID BIOLOGICAL TYPES; PREWEANING GROWTH; CATTLE AB Records (2,910) of birth (BWT), weaning (WW), and yearling weight (YW) of F1 calves produced in a top-cross experiment involving Angus, Hereford, Pooled Hereford, Charolais, Limousin, Simmental, Gelbvieh, Maine-Anjou, Chianina, Tarentaise, Shorthorn, and Salers bulls mated to Hereford and Angus cows and records (4, 592) of WW on three-breed-cross calves out of 986 F1 females of the same breed crosses were used in this study. The purposes were to estimate how much of the EPD of the sires was realized in crossbred calves and to estimate sire breed effects for the traits adjusted for genetic trend and sire sampling. Published EPD for BWT, WW, YW, net maternal ability (MLK), and maternal WW (MAT) were used. Average regressions (kilograms/kilogram +/- SE) of BWT, WW, and YW of F1 calves on EPD of the sire were 1.04 +/- .10, .88 +/- .11, and 1.40 +/- .11, respectively. The regressions (b, kilograms/kilogram) were similar to the expected values of 1.0 except for YW. For WW of three-way-cross calves on MLK EPD of the maternal grandsire, b was 1.02 +/- .11, which was not different from the expected value of 1.0. Estimated sire-breed means were adjusted to a 1982 genetic base by adding b times the difference of the 1982-breed-mean EPD and mean EPD of sires used in the study. Three different adjustments were compared using the b pooled across breeds, a separate b for each breed, and the expected b of 1.0. In general, the adjustments tended to regress breed of sire means toward the average of all breeds, particularly for BWT and WW of F1 calves, and for WW of three-breed crosses. The effect of type of adjustment varied among breeds, but in most cases small differences resulted from using average or expected b. For WW, the range for net maternal effects among breeds was larger than that for direct breed effects. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP NUNEZDOMINGUEZ, R (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1419 EP 1428 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LE943 UT WOS:A1993LE94300009 PM 8325800 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, JT HAUSMAN, GJ AF WRIGHT, JT HAUSMAN, GJ TI INVITRO DIFFERENTIATION OF PREADIPOCYTES FROM HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED PIG FETUSES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ADIPOCYTES; HYPOPHYSECTOMY; DIFFERENTIATION; PIGS; FETUS; FLOW CYTOMETRY ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE DEVELOPMENT; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; HORMONE; HISTOCHEMISTRY; ADIPOCYTES; CELLS AB Hypophysectomy of the pig fetus alters the number of fat cells and fat cell clusters as well as lipogenic enzyme activities in tissues compared with littermate controls. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the altered endocrine environment in vivo affected subsequent development and differentiation of preadipocytes in vitro. Hypophysectomy was performed in utero at 70 d of gestation. At 105 d of gestation, stromal-vascular cells from dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissues were cultured in several differentiation media. Overall, stromal-vascular cultures from hypophysectomized fetuses contained fewer fat cell clusters and concomitantly lower glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase specific enzyme activity than did cultures from littermate controls. Fluorescence-activated flow cytometry using a monoclonal anti-adipocyte/preadipocyte antibody designated AD-1 revealed that hypophysectomy also reduced the proportion of cells expressing the AD-1 cell surface antigen. These results demonstrated that effects of fetal hypophysectomy on cells from adipose tissues are maintained and measurable in culture. In addition, one of the consequences of fetal hypophysectomy may be diminution in the relative proportion of adipocyte precursors. RP WRIGHT, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS,R B RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1447 EP 1452 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LE943 UT WOS:A1993LE94300013 PM 8325804 ER PT J AU MORGAN, JB WHEELER, TL KOOHMARAIE, M SAVELL, JW CROUSE, JD AF MORGAN, JB WHEELER, TL KOOHMARAIE, M SAVELL, JW CROUSE, JD TI MEAT TENDERNESS AND THE CALPAIN PROTEOLYTIC SYSTEM IN LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE OF YOUNG BULLS AND STEERS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF; CALPAINS; CALPASTATIN; CASTRATION; MEAT; TENDERNESS ID BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONIST; MYOFIBRIL FRAGMENTATION INDEX; CALCIUM ACTIVATED FACTOR; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; POSTMORTEM TENDERIZATION; ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; PALATABILITY TRAITS; NEUTRAL PROTEINASES; OVINE CARCASSES AB The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of castration on the calpain proteinase system (mu-calpain, m-calpain, and calpastatin) activities and meat tenderness. Six each, MARC III bulls and steers were slaughtered at approximately 12 mo of age. Longissimus muscle samples were obtained for determining myofibril fragmentation index, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and sensory panel evaluation at 1, 7, and 14 d postmortem, and mu- and m-calpain and calpastatin activities at 24 h postmortem. Bulls produced leaner carcasses with lower (P < .05) quality grades than did steers. Meat from bulls had higher (P < .05) shear force values than meat from steers; however, sensory panelists were unable (P > .05) to detect differences in tenderness or other sensory traits between bulls and steers. Activities of mu- and m-calpain were not affected (P > .05) by castration; however, calpastatin was higher (P < .05) in muscles from the bull carcasses. Lower (P < .0 5) myofibril fragmentation index values indicate that less proteolysis occurred in muscle from bulls than in muscle from steers during the first 7 d postmortem. Greater calpastatin 24-h activity may be associated with the increased shear force of meat from bulls. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013; Savell, Jeffrey/C-2434-2008 OI Savell, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0354-1286 NR 52 TC 89 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1471 EP 1476 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LE943 UT WOS:A1993LE94300016 PM 8325807 ER PT J AU PORTER, JK STUEDEMANN, JA THOMPSON, FN BUCHANAN, BA TUCKER, HA AF PORTER, JK STUEDEMANN, JA THOMPSON, FN BUCHANAN, BA TUCKER, HA TI MELATONIN AND PINEAL NEUROCHEMICALS IN STEERS GRAZED ON ENDOPHYTE-INFECTED TALL FESCUE - EFFECTS OF METOCLOPRAMIDE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MELATONIN; FESTUCA; METOCLOPRAMIDE; ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; PINEAL BODY ID RED DEER HINDS; ERGOPEPTINE ALKALOIDS; REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY; N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; PROLACTIN SECRETION; HIGH-AFFINITY; DOPAMINE; GLAND; CATTLE; PLASMA AB Plasma and pineal melatonin (MEL) and selected pineal neurochemicals (5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, N-acetylserotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine) associated with MEL synthesis were determined in steers grazing Acremonium coenophialum (endophyte)-infected 'Kentucky-31' tall fescue paddocks. Paddock treatments included low (LE, 33 %) or high (H E, 7 4 %) endophyte at either low (134 kg.ha-1.yr-1, LN) or high (335 kg.ha-1.yr-1, HN) nitrogen fertilization. Twelve pairs of yearling Angus steers were randomly assigned to three replications of the paddock treatments (LEHN, HEHN, LELN, and HELN). One steer in each of the 12 paddocks received per os either a dopamine antagonist, metoclopramide (MC; 15 mg/kg), or sucrose (S; 15 mg/kg) three times weekly for 10 wk. Blood was collected via jugular cannulas during the day and night for plasma MEL analysis and pineal glands were collected at termination. Day and night plasma MEL in the S/HEHN steers was reduced by 31.7 and 35.4% (P < .05), respectively, compared with that in S/LEHN steers. Mean night plasma MEL in the S/HELN steers was reduced by 26.7% (P < .05) compared with that in S/LELN steers. Metoclopramide reduced mean day and night plasma MEL by 22.9 and 38.3% (P < .05), respectively, in the LEHN steers and increased night MEL in the HELN animals by 35.1% (P < .05). During the day and night, there was a MC x pasture treatment interaction (P < .05). No differences were observed in either pineal MEL or the pineal neurochemicals. Acremonium coenophialum-infected fescue reduced plasma concentrations of MEL in steers, whereas treatment with MC altered plasma MEL biphasically. Dopaminergic mechanisms apparently play a role in MEL secretions and warrant further investigation. C1 USDA ARS,50 PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES CTR,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET,DEPT PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP PORTER, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1526 EP 1531 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LE943 UT WOS:A1993LE94300023 PM 8392046 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, LH CHRISTENSON, LK CHRISTENSON, RK FORD, SP AF ANDERSON, LH CHRISTENSON, LK CHRISTENSON, RK FORD, SP TI INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE CONTROL OF LITTER SIZE IN SWINE .2. COMPARISONS OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL EMBRYONIC DIVERSITY BETWEEN CHINESE AND AMERICAN BREEDS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MEISHAN; PIGS; EMBRYO; DIVERSITY; SIZE; ESTROGENS ID LARGE WHITE; ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER; MEISHAN PIGS; CELL NUMBER; SURVIVAL; GILTS; BLASTOCYSTS; SECRETIONS; PREGNANCY; ESTROGEN AB It has been suggested previously that the increased litter size of the prolific Chinese Meishan pig may result from an increased littermate embryonic synchrony. This study compared embryonic diversity in Meishan and domestic (white line crossbred) sows. Third-parity Meishan sows (n = 14) and second-parity domestic sows (n = 15) were observed for estrus every 6 h and were hand-mated at 24 and 30 h after first observed estrus (d 0) to boars of the same breed. The sows were slaughtered on d 11.9 +/- .1 (mean +/- SEM). Embryos were flushed from each uterine horn and were individually sonicated, lyophilized, and frozen (-86-degrees-C) until they were assayed for estradiol-17beta (E2beta), DNA, and protein content. Ovulation rate was higher (P < .001) in Meishan (24.9 +/- 1.1) than in domestic sows (15.2 +/- .7). The average littermate embryonic diameter was smaller (P < .001) for Meishan than for domestic sows, although morphological embryonic diversity (standard deviation for diameter) did not differ (P > .10) between the two breeds. In addition, for embryos of the same diameter, no differences (P > .10) in number of embryonic cells (micrograms of DNA/embryo) or in cell size (protein:DNA ratio) were observed for either breed. The more advanced (> 6 mm) embryos from Meishan sows contained less (P < .001) E2beta (picograms/embryo) than did embryos of the same size from domestic sows. The prolificacy of the Meishan sow may result from both an increased ovulation rate and reduced E2beta production by Meishan embryos. The reduced E2beta production by Meishan embryos may result in more gradual alterations in uterine environment with an increased survival of less-developed littermates. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,11 KILDEE HALL,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RI Christenson, Lane/G-6435-2013 NR 32 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1566 EP 1571 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LE943 UT WOS:A1993LE94300029 PM 8325818 ER PT J AU MOORE, JA FISHER, DS MATIS, JH AF MOORE, JA FISHER, DS MATIS, JH TI INFLUENCE OF MODEL AND MARKER ON DIGESTA KINETIC ESTIMATES FOR SHEEP - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT STAT,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP MOORE, JA (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1667 EP 1667 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LE943 UT WOS:A1993LE94300042 ER PT J AU BRADOW, JM AF BRADOW, JM TI INHIBITIONS OF COTTON SEEDLING GROWTH BY VOLATILE KETONES EMITTED BY COVER CROP RESIDUES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALLELOPATHY; ALLELOCHEMICALS; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; SEEDLING; GROWTH INHIBITION; VOLATILES; COVER CROPS; SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; LISA; COTTON; KETONES; ALKANONES ID PALMERI S-WATS; AMARANTHUS-PALMERI; PLANT RESIDUES; GERMINATION INHIBITORS; ALLELOCHEMICALS; IDENTIFICATION; SOIL AB Low-input, sustainable agriculture (LISA) systems can include soil incorporation of residues of weeds and legume cover crop species. However, both seed germination and seedling growth of crops, including cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), are inhibited by volatile organic compounds emitted by these residues during decomposition. A cotton seedling-growth assay was used to demonstrate that C4 through C-9 ketones released by decomposing legume residues significantly inhibited root and shoot elongation, root and shoot fresh and dry weight gain, and cotyledon expansion. Seedling root and shoot water relationships were relatively insensitive to those components of plant residue volatile emissions. Concentration (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 muM/cm3 sterile greenhouse soil mix) and root-zone temperature (20 or 30-degrees-C) altered the activity of the more inhibitory ketones. Molecular weight (carbon chain length), carbon chain branching, and position of the carbonyl group also influenced ketone inhibitory activity. RP BRADOW, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1085 EP 1108 DI 10.1007/BF00987371 PG 24 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LH015 UT WOS:A1993LH01500006 PM 24249128 ER PT J AU MATTIACCI, L VINSON, SB WILLIAMS, HJ ALDRICH, JR BIN, F AF MATTIACCI, L VINSON, SB WILLIAMS, HJ ALDRICH, JR BIN, F TI A LONG-RANGE ATTRACTANT KAIROMONE FOR EGG PARASITOID TRISSOLCUS-BASALIS, ISOLATED FROM DEFENSIVE SECRETION OF ITS HOST, NEZARA-VIRIDULA SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TRISSOLCUS-BASALIS; NEZARA-VIRIDULA; HYMENOPTERA; SCELIONIDAE; HETEROPTERA; PENTATOMIDAE; KAIROMONE; PARASITOID; IDENTIFICATION; DEFENSIVE GLANDS; HOST LOCATION; (E)-2-DECENAL AB A short-chain alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde, (E)-2-decenal, present in the defensive metathoracic gland of Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), stimulates a behavioral response in the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Woll.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Preliminary studies showed that T. basalis are attracted to an area containing adult N. viridula, but we also found that female T basalis would examine and probe glass beads coated with an acetone extract of the metathoracic gland from males or females. Using this bioassay, the kairomone was isolated by bioassay directed by preparative gas chromatography and identified by NMR and mass spectrometry as (E)-2-decenal. The biological activity of the identified aldehyde was compared with analogs to determine specificity. An unstable Z isomer was found to be more active but not present in detectable or behaviorly relevant levels in the host, based on the bell-shaped dose-response curve of the two isomers. An investigation was also designed to determine if the E isomer was also responsible for the egg recognition kairomone activity previously reported. However, no 2-decenal isomers were detected in host egg extracts and the chemical characteristics of the 2-decenal isomers differ from the unidentified egg recognition kairomone. The role of the (E)-2-decenal in attracting female T. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT CHEM,COLL STN,TX 77843. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT & CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. AGR ENTOMOL INST,I-06121 PERUGIA,ITALY. NR 21 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 10 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1167 EP 1181 DI 10.1007/BF00987378 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LH015 UT WOS:A1993LH01500013 PM 24249135 ER PT J AU JOSEPH, G KELSEY, RG MOLDENKE, AF MILLER, JC BERRY, RE WERNZ, JG AF JOSEPH, G KELSEY, RG MOLDENKE, AF MILLER, JC BERRY, RE WERNZ, JG TI EFFECTS OF NITROGEN AND DOUGLAS-FIR ALLELOCHEMICALS ON DEVELOPMENT OF THE GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARTIFICIAL DIET; HERBIVORY; NITROGEN; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; LEPIDOPTERA; LYMANTRIIDAE; MONOTERPENES; NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY; PHENOLICS; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII ID SPODOPTERA-ERIDANIA; NORTH-AMERICA; L LEPIDOPTERA; FOLIAGE; LEAVES; LARVAE; TREE; DIET; PERFORMANCE; POPULATION AB Two experiments were conducted to examine the influence of foliar nitrogen, terpenes, and phenolics of Douglas-fir on the development of gypsy moth larvae. In the first experiment, foliar concentrations of nitrogen and allelochemicals were manipulated by fertilizing 3-year-old potted seedlings with 0 or 200 ppm nitrogen. Concentrations of foliar nitrogen (0.33-2.38%) were negatively correlated with the phenolics (15.8-24.4 mg/g). Sixth-instar larvae previously reared on current-year Douglas-fir needles were allowed to feed on these seedlings. Pupal weights (312.8-995.6 mg) were positively correlated with levels of foliar nitrogen, negatively correlated with amounts of foliar phenolics, and uncorrelated with terpene concentrations. In the second experiment, terpene and phenolic extracts from Douglas-fir foliage were incorporated at natural levels into artificial diets with high and low levels of protein nitrogen. Neonate larvae grew faster and were larger on the high nitrogen control diet (4.1-4.5 %), however, fourth instars performed better on the control diet with low nitrogen levels (2.5-2.7%). Foliar terpenes incorporated into diet had little effect on neonate fitness, but may induce subtle physiological changes in later instar larvae. Phenolics, alone or in combination with terpenes, excessively suppressed growth and survival, with no individuals living through the fourth instar, regardless of the nitrogen level. Incorporating foliar phenolic extracts into artificial diet caused unnatural levels of toxicity and failed to clarify the effects of Douglas-fir phenolics on gypsy moth fitness. Foliar nitrogen is a key factor influencing gypsy moth development on Douglas fir, but may be mitigated to some degree by phenolics. C1 USDA,FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 62 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1245 EP 1263 DI 10.1007/BF00987384 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LH015 UT WOS:A1993LH01500019 PM 24249141 ER PT J AU MAXWELL, RJ PENSABENE, JW FIDDLER, W AF MAXWELL, RJ PENSABENE, JW FIDDLER, W TI MULTIRESIDUE RECOVERY AT PPB LEVELS OF 10 NITROSAMINES FROM FRANKFURTERS BY SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article RP MAXWELL, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 12 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 31 IS 6 BP 212 EP 215 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA LF987 UT WOS:A1993LF98700003 PM 8394373 ER PT J AU ABIDI, SL MOUNTS, TL AF ABIDI, SL MOUNTS, TL TI REVERSED-PHASE SEPARATIONS OF SUBCOMPONENTS OF MINOR SOYBEAN PHOSPHOLIPIDS GLYCEROL ESTERS OF PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID; CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION; ION; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; DERIVATIVES; BEHAVIOR; LAYER RP ABIDI, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 31 IS 6 BP 231 EP 236 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA LF987 UT WOS:A1993LF98700007 ER PT J AU GRAHAM, DY OPEKUN, AR KLEIN, PD AF GRAHAM, DY OPEKUN, AR KLEIN, PD TI CLARITHROMYCIN FOR THE ERADICATION OF HELICOBACTER-PYLORI SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; CLARITHROMYCIN; DRUG TRIAL; UREA BREATH TEST ID CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; DUODENAL-ULCER; INFECTION; RELAPSE; THERAPY; INVITRO; CURE AB Helicobacter pylori infection has proven to be extraordinarily difficult to eradicate. Antimicrobial monotherapies have been particularly disappointing, with most eradication rates in the range of 0-15%. Clarithromycin has potential advantages over other macrolides to which H. pylori is susceptible because of its acid stability and solubility at low pH. We evaluated clarithromycin therapy (250 mg four times daily for 14 days) in 12 H. pylori-infected patients. The C-13-urea breath test was used to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy. Eradication was defined as a negative urea breath test 4-6 weeks after the end of treatment. Suppression of H. pylori was demonstrated in 11 of 12 patients (92%) by a negative urea breath test 2 days after start of treatment. H. pylori was eradicated in five (42%) of 12 patients. Adverse events were intermittent and mild. Clarithromycin is the first antimicrobial agent that appears to offer promise as monotherapy for the eradication of H. pylori. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DIV MOLEC VIROL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP GRAHAM, DY (reprint author), VET ADM MED CTR,DIGEST DIS SECT 111D,2002 HOLCOMBE BLVD,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 39919] NR 24 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0192-0790 J9 J CLIN GASTROENTEROL JI J. Clin. Gastroenterol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 16 IS 4 BP 292 EP 294 DI 10.1097/00004836-199306000-00004 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA LE350 UT WOS:A1993LE35000003 PM 8331260 ER PT J AU DADO, RG MERTENS, DR SHOOK, GE AF DADO, RG MERTENS, DR SHOOK, GE TI METABOLIZABLE ENERGY AND ABSORBED PROTEIN-REQUIREMENTS FOR MILK COMPONENT PRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS; METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; ABSORBED PROTEIN; MILK COMPONENTS ID MAMMARY-GLAND; COW AB Metabolic pathways of milk component synthesis were used to estimate metabolizable energy and absorbed protein requirements for lactation. Amounts of ATP and AA used for synthesis of each component from absorbed substrates were determined. Coefficients were adjusted to account for additional inefficiencies and to define requirements in terms of dietary supply based on NRC energy requirements and N balance data. Assuming that 10% of glucose required was derived from AA, metabolizable energy and absorbed protein requirements were 6.02 Mcal and .1 36 kg/kg of lactose, 13.43 Mcal and .127 kg/kg of fat, and 7.57 Mcal and 1.069 kg/kg of protein, respectively; an additional .144 Mcal/kg of milk was required for milk volume. For production of milk containing 4.8% lactose, 3.5% fat, and 3.3% protein, absorbed protein required for lactose and fat may account for 14.1 and 9.6%, respectively, of total absorbed protein required for milk production. Efficiency of protein utilization for milk protein synthesis may be as high as 90% when 10% of glucose requirements must be supplied by AA. Expressing nutrient requirements for lactation on a component basis enables calculation of requirements for milk production of any composition and does not rely on correlations between major milk components. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1575 EP 1588 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77491-3 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA LE859 UT WOS:A1993LE85900012 PM 8326031 ER PT J AU ZARNECKI, A NORMAN, HD GIERDZIEWICZ, M JAMROZIK, J AF ZARNECKI, A NORMAN, HD GIERDZIEWICZ, M JAMROZIK, J TI HETEROSIS FOR GROWTH AND YIELD TRAITS FROM CROSSES OF FRIESIAN STRAINS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HETEROSIS; FRIESIAN; CROSS-BREEDING; GROWTH AB Heterosis for growth and yield traits was estimated for Fl and backcross generations that resulted from crosses of Holstein or Friesian bulls from Canada, Denmark, Israel, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the US, and West Germany with Polish Black and White cows. Growth traits included BW at 6 and 12 mo and mean daily gain from birth to 6 mo and 6 to 12 mo for bulls and BW at 6, 12, and 18 mo and mean daily gain from birth to 6 mo, 6 to 12 mo, and 12 to 18 mo for heifers. Yield traits were first lactation 305-d milk and fat yields and fat percentage. For bulls, heterotic and additive effects were not significant for 6- and 12-mo BW and mean daily gains. However, heterotic and additive effects for heifers were highly significant for 6- and 12-mo BW and mean daily gain from birth to 6 mo. Heterotic and additive effects were highly significant for milk and fat yields, but only additive effects were significant for fat percentage. Heterosis relative to the Polish mean was greatest for the Canadian strain (about 110% for milk and fat yields) and the US strain (106% for milk yield and 110% for fat yield). C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ZARNECKI, A (reprint author), HUGO KOLLATAJA ACAD AGR KRAKOW,DEPT GENET & ANIM BREEDING,PL-30059 KRAKOW,POLAND. RI Jamrozik, Janusz/A-5978-2008 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1661 EP 1670 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77500-1 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA LE859 UT WOS:A1993LE85900021 ER PT J AU SHELTON, AM ROBERTSON, JL TANG, JD PEREZ, C EIGENBRODE, SD PREISLER, HK WILSEY, WT COOLEY, RJ AF SHELTON, AM ROBERTSON, JL TANG, JD PEREZ, C EIGENBRODE, SD PREISLER, HK WILSEY, WT COOLEY, RJ TI RESISTANCE OF DIAMONDBACK MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, PLUTELLIDAE) TO BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS SUBSPECIES IN THE FIELD SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; RESISTANCE; DIAMONDBACK MOTH AB Eleven populations of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), were collected in 1990 from Brassica plants in six states of the United States and in Indonesia and tested for their responses to two formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Javelin WG and Dipel 2X), permethrin, and methomyl. Populations from Florida that had been treated extensively over several years with these insecticides displayed significantly higher LC50s. In 1992, field tests in geographically separate areas in Florida and laboratory assays of populations from those fields indicated control failures and resistance to products containing B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and low levels of resistance to a product containing B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (XenTari). These B. thuringiensis subspp. differ in the number of toxins produced, but whether resistance to them is a result of cross-resistance or independent selection was not determined. We documented significant differences between the response of resistant and susceptible populations to two products containing B. thuringienisis subsp. kurstaki, thus suggesting that the products actually differed in the number or amounts of toxins. In laboratory bioassays of three products containing B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai and two products containing B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, the variation in response (as determined by resistance ratios) varied by 321- to 461-fold for B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and by 3- to 4.1-fold for B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai. These studies indicate increasing resistance problems caused by intensive use of any B. thuringiensis product. We conclude that if B. thuringiensis is to remain a durable insecticide in parts of the world where resistance does not already occur, other tactics such as biological control, host-free periods, plant resistance, and cultural controls must be incorporated into the management programs. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,FOREST INSECT GENET PROJECT,BERKELEY,CA 94701. RP SHELTON, AM (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE AGR EXPTL STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,GENEVA,NY 14456, USA. NR 24 TC 197 Z9 226 U1 1 U2 17 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 86 IS 3 BP 697 EP 705 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MA895 UT WOS:A1993MA89500009 ER PT J AU PODGWAITE, JD DUBOIS, NR REARDON, RC WITCOSKY, J AF PODGWAITE, JD DUBOIS, NR REARDON, RC WITCOSKY, J TI RETARDING OUTBREAK OF LOW-DENSITY GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) POPULATIONS WITH AERIAL APPLICATIONS OF GYPCHEK AND BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GYPSY MOTH; GYPCHEK; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; EFFICACY AB Low-density gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), populations in Virginia were aerially treated with the nucleopolyhedrosis virus (baculovirus) product Gypchek and with a commercial preparation (SAN 415 SC 32LV) of the NRD-12 strain of Bacillus thuringiensis (Kurstak). Six 12.2-ha plots received two applications of Gypchek, each at the rate of 1.25 x 10(12) occlusion bodies in 18.7 liters of an aqueous tank mix per ha. Six 12.2-ha plots received two neat applications of SAN 415 each at the rate of 49.4 BIU in 5.96 liters per ha. Gypchek and SAN 415 treatments reduced numbers of egg masses by 92 and 94%, respectively, compared with numbers in six control plots. Weekly counts of live larvae found under burlap bands were significantly lower in Gypchek- and SAN 415-treated plots than in control plots, but defoliation differences between sprayed and control plots were not significant. Control plots displayed a second wave of larval mortality from naturally occurring nucleopolyhedrosis virus that was different from that seen in plots treated with Gypchek and SAN 415. RP PODGWAITE, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,CTR BIOL CONTROL NORTHEASTERN FOREST INSECTS & DIS,51 MILL POND RD,HAMDEN,CT 06514, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 86 IS 3 BP 730 EP 734 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MA895 UT WOS:A1993MA89500014 ER PT J AU HALLMAN, GJ AF HALLMAN, GJ TI POTENTIAL QUARANTINE TREATMENTS FOR WHITE SAPOTE INFESTED WITH CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; HOT-WATER IMMERSION; COLD STORAGE ID METHYL-BROMIDE FUMIGATION; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; COLD-STORAGE AB White sapote, Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex., was subjected to three quarantine treatments known to kill immature Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), in other fruits. Cold storage at 1 or 3-degrees-C for 15 and 18 d, respectively, did not cause appreciable harm to white sapotes compared with fruits stored at the normal 7-degrees-C. Immersion of white sapotes in water at 43.3-degrees-C for 90 or 120 min or at 46-degrees-C for 60 or 90 min caused considerable pitting and decay and interfered with ripening. Fumigation with methyl bromide at 24 and 40 g/m3 (24 +/- 1.0-degrees-C) gave a reddish hue to white sapote, interfered with ripening, and increased the rate of decay. Cold storage at 1-degrees-C for 2-12 d was examined for its effectiveness in killing Caribbean fruit fly immatures in white sapote. Dose-mortality data were analyzed using the normal, logistic, and Gompertz probability density functions (PDF). The logistic PDF gave unrealistically low estimates of probit 9 (99.9968%) mortality; estimates using Gompertz, log 10, seemed too high. The normal PDF and Gompertz, nonlog 10, gave reasonable estimates of probit 9. RP HALLMAN, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,13601 OLD CUTLER RD,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 86 IS 3 BP 793 EP 797 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MA895 UT WOS:A1993MA89500023 ER PT J AU YOKOYAMA, VY HATCHETT, JH MILLER, GT AF YOKOYAMA, VY HATCHETT, JH MILLER, GT TI HESSIAN FLY (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) CONTROL BY COMPRESSION OF HAY FOR EXPORT TO JAPAN SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR; HAY; QUARANTINE AB Laboratory tests showed that significantly more pressure is required to destroy Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), puparia with a volume of greater-than-or-equal-to 4.0 mm3 than puparia with a volume of less-than-or-equal-to 3.4 mm3. About 0.21 kg/cm2 of pressure destroyed all puparia. Compression of hay in commercial compressor with 42 or 72 kg/cm2 of pressure caused significant reductions in survival of Hessian fly puparia to the adult stage compared with the controls in standard bales of timothy, Phleum pratense; alfalfa, Medicago sativa; oat, Avena sativa; Sudan grass, Sorghum bicolor sudanensis; Bermuda grass, Cynodon dactylon hays; and rye straw, Secale cereale. Mortality ranged from 75.1 to 95.4% and was significantly increased by 72 versus 42 kg/cm2 of pressure on the bales. Compression with 42 or 72 kg/cm2 of pressure showed the same level of control in the four comers and middle positions of the front, middle, and back sections of the bale except that fewer insects survived to the adult stage in the middle position of the bale when compressed with 72 kg/cm2 of pressure. Compression of hay has potential as a single quarantine treatment for hav exported to Japan. RP YOKOYAMA, VY (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 86 IS 3 BP 803 EP 808 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MA895 UT WOS:A1993MA89500025 ER PT J AU LEONHARDT, BA MASTRO, VC DEVILBISS, ED AF LEONHARDT, BA MASTRO, VC DEVILBISS, ED TI NEW DISPENSER FOR THE PHEROMONE OF THE GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; SEX PHEROMONE; COATED TWINE ID LAMINATE AB A new dispenser for (+)-disparlure was designed for use in gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), detection traps; this new dispenser is an alternative to the currently used plastic laminate. The dispenser consists of twisted nylon twine coated with polyvinyl chloride containing 500 mug of the pheromone. Comparison tests showed that this twine dispenser prolonged the release of (+)-disparlure at a rate greater-than-or-equal-to 30 ng/h for longer (240 versus 80 h) than did the 1989 batch of the standard laminate dispensers in an accelerated oven aging test at 59-degrees-C. Field tests showed that male moth captures with twine dispensers, pre-aged 16 wk in a greenhouse, were as high as or higher than those with unaged, laminate dispensers (from either 1988 or 1989 batches). Pheromone contents and release rates as a function of duration of aging showed extended and more effective delivery of the active ingredient by the twine dispenser in comparison with the laminate dispenser. The twine dispenser is simple and inexpensive to make and is at least as effective as the presently used laminate dispenser. RP LEONHARDT, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 86 IS 3 BP 821 EP 827 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MA895 UT WOS:A1993MA89500028 ER PT J AU RUSSO, JM LIEBHOLD, AM KELLEY, JGW AF RUSSO, JM LIEBHOLD, AM KELLEY, JGW TI MESOSCALE WEATHER DATA AS INPUT TO A GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) PHENOLOGY MODEL SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; GYPSY MOTH; TEMPERATURE ID PEST-MANAGEMENT AB Mesoscale weather data was input to a gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., phenological model to provide a landscape description of gypsy moth phenology. Mesoscale climatological (30-yr average) and single-season (1990) data were spatially interpolated by regressing station temperature as a function of geophysical data (longitude, latitude, and elevation). The interpolated, high-resolution (1 by 1 km pixels) minimum and maximum temperatures were input into a previously developed gypsy moth phenology model to predict egg hatch dates for a single season and for an average season as defined by climatological data. The single-season and climatological predictions were compared statistically to observed egg hatch dates at 15 sites in two states. The single-season predictions and the observed dates were only 2.1 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SE) d apart when averaged over all sites, indicating that mesoscale data can successfully be used as input into gypsy moth phenology models. Although the results of the single-year simulation were mostly accurate, the mesoscale climatic predictions of egg hatch averaged 24.3 +/- 0.7 d after the observed date in the field. This difference was caused by the unusually warm spring in 1990 compared with a climatological (average) season. The comparison of the single-season and climatic predictions in 1990 indicate the importance of using mesoscale data from a current season to update the phenological predictions used in long-range planning. C1 US FOREST SERV,NORTHEASTERN FOREST,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOG,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP RUSSO, JM (reprint author), ZEDX,POB 404,BOALSBURG,PA 16827, USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 28 TC 36 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 86 IS 3 BP 838 EP 844 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MA895 UT WOS:A1993MA89500030 ER PT J AU RAPPAPORT, N MORI, S ROQUES, A AF RAPPAPORT, N MORI, S ROQUES, A TI ESTIMATING EFFECT OF MEGASTIGMUS-SPERMOTROPHUS (HYMENOPTERA, TORYMIDAE) ON DOUGLAS-FIR SEED PRODUCTION - THE NEW PARADIGM SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MEGASTIGMUS-SPERMOTROPHUS; SEED ORCHARDS; IMPACT ASSESSMENT ID MENZIESII MIRB FRANCO; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; POLLINATION MECHANISM; ORCHARDS; INSECTS; IMPACT AB In a pollen exclusion experiment performed on the cones of five Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirbel] Franco) trees, the number of seeds infested by a seed chalcid, Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl, did not differ significantly between pollinated and unpollinated cones from the same tree. This finding led to a revision of the formula used to calculate M. spermotrophus effect on Douglas-fir seed production because the traditional formula, which is based on the assumption that only pollinated seeds are infested by these chalcids, exaggerates their effect. The relationship between the new formula and the traditional formula is nonlinear, varying with both pollination rate and infestation level. To assist other researchers in estimating the error in past chalcid studies, the discrepancies for a range of pollination rates were calculated. Past assessments were strongly biased only where pollination rates were <70% and chalcid attack rates were from 50 to 85% using the traditional formula. For low pollination rates, the discrepancy can exceed 50%. Evidence is presented to explain how the unfertilized female gametophyte, which is small and is normally resorbed in the absence of pollination, can support the development of chalcid larvae. In this study, there was a strong correlation (-0.93) between cone length and chalcid attack rate. C1 INRA,CTR RECH ORLEANS,ZOOL FORESTIERE STN,F-45160 OLIVET,FRANCE. RP RAPPAPORT, N (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA, USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 86 IS 3 BP 845 EP 849 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MA895 UT WOS:A1993MA89500031 ER PT J AU BARRATT, BIP BYERS, RA BIERLEIN, DL AF BARRATT, BIP BYERS, RA BIERLEIN, DL TI COMPARISON OF SLUG (MOLLUSCA, PULMONATA) TRAPPING IN NO-TILL ALFALFA SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SLUGS; ALFALFA; TRAP ID DEROCERAS-RETICULATUM; TRAPS AB A comparison of defined-area traps (DATs) and refuge traps (RTs), in no-till alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to census the slug species Deroceras reticulatum (Muller), Deroceras laevae (Muller), and Arion fasciatus (Nielson) was made. The objective of the study was to determine whether RTs could be used in a range of crop densities and climatic conditions to assess slug density. In relation to slug density measured by DATs, RTs were less effective in trapping slugs in spring, when D. reticulatum was very small, but trapped relatively higher numbers than DATs when slugs were larger. Trapping methods were assessed between May and November in no-till alfalfa plots with plant densities ranging from 52 to 99% total plant cover in May to 78 to 91% cover in July. Alfalfa crop density had no effect upon RT catches except in dry conditions in June, when RTs collected more slugs in plots with most vegetation cover. Neither trap collected slugs during severe drought conditions in July when soil moisture content in the top 5 cm of the soil profile dropped to about 6%. C1 USDA,US PASTURE RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RI Barratt, Barbara/A-4763-2008 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 86 IS 3 BP 917 EP 923 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MA895 UT WOS:A1993MA89500042 ER PT J AU SHUMAN, D COFFELT, JA VICK, KW MANKIN, RW AF SHUMAN, D COFFELT, JA VICK, KW MANKIN, RW TI QUANTITATIVE ACOUSTICAL DETECTION OF LARVAE FEEDING INSIDE KERNELS OF GRAIN SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE STORED PRODUCTS; SOUND; DETECTION ID STORED WHEAT; POPULATIONS; COLEOPTERA AB An automated, computer-based electronic acoustic system was developed to quantify infestation of internally feeding larvae in a grain sample using spatial localization of insects in the sample. Localization was determined using arrival times of sounds produced by insect feeding activity as received by an array of acoustic transducers. In a test conducted with 0-3 fourth instars of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), in 1-kg samples of wheat, the system overassessed the number of larvae present in 6% of the trials and underassessed the number of larvae present in 34% of the trials. When Federal Grain Inspection Service (FGIS) standards were applied in evaluating performance, the system was 92% accurate in grading ''clean'' grain and 64% accurate in grading ''infested'' grain. RP SHUMAN, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 8 TC 35 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 86 IS 3 BP 933 EP 938 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MA895 UT WOS:A1993MA89500045 ER PT J AU WISEMAN, BR SNOOK, ME ISENHOUR, DJ AF WISEMAN, BR SNOOK, ME ISENHOUR, DJ TI MAYSIN CONTENT AND GROWTH OF CORN-EARWORM LARVAE (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) ON SILKS FROM 1ST AND 2ND EARS OF CORN SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA-ZEA; CORN SILKS; MAYSIN AB Silks of selected corn, Zea mays L., genotypes from the first or second ears and silks regrown for 1 or 2 d after cutting were evaluated for maysin content and for antibiosis responses from the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). Corn earworm neonates that were fed diets of silks from the first ears weighed significantly less than larvae that were fed diets of silks from the second ears. Maysin concentration was generally higher in silks from the first ears than in silks from the second ears. In general, silks regrown for 1 or 2 d after an initial cutting produced larger larvae at 8 d than those fed on silk diets from the initial cutting. Maysin contents also were lower in silks regrown for 1 or 2 d after cutting than were maysin concentrations in silks from the initial emergence. Relative weights of larvae and maysin content were consistent among genotypes, whether the silks were from the first or second ears. This was especially true for silks of the genotypes such as 'PI340856', which has a high level of antibiosis. 'PI340856' followed the pattern described above by producing significantly larger larvae and a lower maysin content from regrown silks than from silks from the initial cutting. However, larvae were still quite small, and the maysin concentration was high for regrown silks of 'PI340856' compared with regrown silks of other resistant materials. Larvae were especially small when compared with weight of larvae that were fed on regrown silks of more susceptible genotypes. These results suggest that silks for bioassay or breeding purposes could be used from first and second ears or regrown silks of genotypes with high levels of antibiosis. RP WISEMAN, BR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31794, USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 86 IS 3 BP 939 EP 944 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MA895 UT WOS:A1993MA89500046 ER PT J AU KAYS, SJ HARRISON, JA WILSON, DD SEVERSON, RF AF KAYS, SJ HARRISON, JA WILSON, DD SEVERSON, RF TI SEMIARTIFICIAL DIET FOR THE SWEET-POTATO WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HOST CHEMISTRY; FEEDING STIMULANT; SWEET-POTATO ID SWEET-POTATO WEEVIL; CYLAS-FORMICARIUS-ELEGANTULUS; STORAGE ROOTS; PENTACYCLIC TRITERPENE; OVIPOSITION STIMULANT; RESISTANCE; PERIDERM; SURFACE; LINES AB A semiartificial medium was developed to allow determination of which chemical components of sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., roots stimulate or deter feeding by sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius Summers, and which are integral dietary components. The medium was agar based (3.5%) and used pureed sweetpotato storage roots. Media prepared from the outer periderm and cortex cells of the storage roots had consistently higher feeding by female weevils than media from the interior portion of the roots. Addition of 2% sucrose stimulated feeding on the media from the exterior portion of the roots but not the interior, which has a higher initial sugar concentration. Levels of feeding increased with the length of weevil exposure time (20 versus 40 h), both giving consistent results with the insect populations used. C1 USDA ARS,PHYTOCHEM RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP KAYS, SJ (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 86 IS 3 BP 957 EP 961 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MA895 UT WOS:A1993MA89500049 ER PT J AU BURD, JD BURTON, RL WEBSTER, JA AF BURD, JD BURTON, RL WEBSTER, JA TI EVALUATION OF RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) DAMAGE ON RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE HOSTS WITH COMPARISONS OF DAMAGE RATINGS TO QUANTITATIVE PLANT MEASUREMENTS SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; PLANT RESISTANCE; APHID DAMAGE ID DIURAPHIS-NOXIA HOMOPTERA; GREENBUG HOMOPTERA; UNITED-STATES; WINTER-WHEAT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; GROWTH; BARLEY; IDENTIFICATION; TRITICALE; YIELD AB Resistant and susceptible plant hosts of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), were used to evaluate the relationships between damage rating indices and quantitative measurements of plant damage. The degree of association between percentage of leaf chlorosis, leaf rolling, and plant stunting, indicated that these occur independently. Damage ratings based on percentage of chlorosis accurately identified highly resistant and highly susceptible entries. When compared with quantitative plant measurements, the most reliable plant damage rating was plant stunting expressed as the percentage of height of a noninfested control. No significant relationships between leaf rolling and quantitative plant measurements were found. However, aphid-caused reductions in leaf turgor were closely related to the amount of chlorosis. RP BURD, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 39 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 86 IS 3 BP 974 EP 980 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MA895 UT WOS:A1993MA89500052 ER PT J AU LEWIS, JC WALES, BC AF LEWIS, JC WALES, BC TI NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL PAIR SUCCESSFULLY RENESTS SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A pair of Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) were observed to renest after an initial nest failure. This pair produced two fledgling owlets in a second nesting attempt in a second nest tree. Renesting has not been previously documented in this species. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,OLYMPIA,WA 98502. BUR LAND MANAGEMENT,N BEND,OR 97459. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI BELOIT PA BELOIT COLLEGE, DEPT BIOLOGY, 700 COLLEGE ST, BELOIT, WI 53511 SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD SUM PY 1993 VL 64 IS 3 BP 323 EP 325 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA LQ769 UT WOS:A1993LQ76900005 ER PT J AU BUCHANAN, RL GOLDEN, MH WHITING, RC AF BUCHANAN, RL GOLDEN, MH WHITING, RC TI DIFFERENTIATION OF THE EFFECTS OF PH AND LACTIC OR ACETIC-ACID CONCENTRATION ON THE KINETICS OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES INACTIVATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL; BROTH; INHIBITION; BEEF; ACIDULANT; MODEL AB The effects of pH and lactic acid or acetic acid concentration on Listeria monocytogenes inactivation were studied in brain heart infusion broth using a three strain mixture. Combinations of lactic acid/sodium lactate and acetic acid/sodium acetate were used to achieve concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 M in conjunction with pH values of 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0. Cultures adjusted with HCI to pH 3.0 to 7.0 in 0.5 pH unit intervals were used as 0.0 M controls. Each pH/concentration combination was inoculated to a level of 10(8) CFU/ml ana incubated at 28-degrees-C for up to 60 d. Bacterial populations were determined periodically by plate counts. Inactivation was exponential after an initial lag period. Survivor curves (log# versus time) were fitted using a linear model that incorporated a lag period. The model was subsequently used to calculate D values and ''time to a 4-D (99.99%) inactivation'' (t4-D); t4-D values were directly related to pH and inversely related to acid concentration. At acid/pH combinations that supported growth, the level of the organism increased slightly (2- to 10-fold) before declining. In the HCI-adjusted controls with pH's less-than-or-equal-to 5.5, the rate of inactivation was linearly related to pH. In the presence of the monocarboxylic acids, the duration of the lag period and the rate of inactivation were dependent on the pH, as well as the identity and concentration of acid. 4-D inactivation times were related to the level of undissociated lactic and acetic acids. That relationship was described by the equations, t4-D = exp(-0.1773*LA0.5 + 7.3482) and t4-D = exp (-0.1468*AA0.5 + 7.3905) for lactic and acetic acids, respectively, where LA and AA are mM of undissociated acid. These relationships were used in conjunction with the Henderson-Hasselback equation to develop a model for predicting the rate of inactivation as a function of pH and total organic acid concentration. RP BUCHANAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 17 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 12 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 56 IS 6 BP 474 EP & PG 0 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA LJ893 UT WOS:A1993LJ89300001 ER PT J AU GAST, RK AF GAST, RK TI IMMERSION IN BOILING WATER TO DISINFECT EGG-SHELLS BEFORE CULTURING EGG CONTENTS FOR SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Note ID INFECTED HENS AB Culturing egg contents has become an essential part of efforts to reduce the frequency of egg-associated transmission of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) to human consumers. Accurate and dependable results from such testing can be achieved only if the exterior surfaces of eggs are effectively disinfected to prevent any SE present on shells from contaminating the contents when eggs are broken for culturing. The present study determined that brief (5 s) immersion of eggs in boiling water was highly effective in reducing both the incidence and level of SE on the shells of experimentally contaminated eggs. This treatment did not, however, affect the recovery of SE added to the interior contents of eggs and was successfully applied to the isolation of SE from the contents of eggs laid by experimentally infected hens. RP GAST, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 56 IS 6 BP 533 EP 535 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA LJ893 UT WOS:A1993LJ89300013 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, JA MEREDITH, FI LYON, BG CHAPMAN, GW AF ROBERTSON, JA MEREDITH, FI LYON, BG CHAPMAN, GW TI COMPARISON OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF 3 NONMELTING CLINGSTONE PEACH SELECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article AB The effect of maturity and ripening on the quality characteristics of three nonmelting clingstone peach cultivars was compared. In general, size, weight, Minolta ''a'' values and SS/TA increased significantly with increased degree of maturity of fruit as harvested, whereas, firmness, hue angle, acidity and total pectins decreased significantly. Ripening for 7 days at 20C resulted in softening of L9-A47-33 and Babygold 7 peaches but had no significant effect on the firmness of FLA 9-20C Ripening appeared to have little effect on the chemical characteristics of all three cultivars except for water soluble pectin, which increased slightly. L9-A47-33 peach selection was significantly more fruity, peachy, sweet, juicy and had a higher overall acceptance score than Babygold 7 or FLA 9-20C, indicating it might have potential for fresh market use. RP ROBERTSON, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,FOOD QUAL EVALUAT RES UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 16 IS 3 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.1993.tb00106.x PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA LM048 UT WOS:A1993LM04800005 ER PT J AU LOWE, JE AF LOWE, JE TI SUCCESSFUL ISSUE SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Letter RP LOWE, JE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 91 IS 6 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LE409 UT WOS:A1993LE40900007 ER PT J AU PAYNE, BR AF PAYNE, BR TI REMINISCENCES OF A 3RD-GENERATION FORESTER SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material RP PAYNE, BR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 91 IS 6 BP 60 EP 60 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LE409 UT WOS:A1993LE40900025 ER PT J AU MANGUM, FA WINGET, RN AF MANGUM, FA WINGET, RN TI ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE OF DRUNELLA-GRANDIS EATON (EPHEMEROPTERA, EPHEMERELLIDAE) IN THE WESTERN UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREAM INSECTS; OVERLAP AB In 898 stream stations in 11 western states, Drunella grandis Eaton exhibited broad physical habitat niche dimensions but moderate to narrow water quality niche dimensions. Nymphs were found over a wide range of channel gradients and substrate types, with tolerance to fine substrates as long as there were some rocky substrates. Occurrence was mostly random in relation to riparian vegetation. Nymphs were found in waters with a wide range of alkalinities, but frequency was low when alkalinity exceeded 250 mg/l. Drunella grandis commonly inhabited streams with conductivity over 400 mumhos/cm but was rarely found when it exceeded 800 mumhos/cm. Nymphs were found in higher than expected frequencies when sulfates were less than 50 mg/l, lower than expected when sulfates are 75-250 mg/l, and were not found in waters with sulfates over 250 mg/l. Distribution was near random over all states sampled with occurrence higher than expected at elevations between 6,000 and 8,000 feet. C1 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV HAWAII,MSC DIV,LAIE,HI 96762. RP MANGUM, FA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN REG,FED BLDG 324-25TH ST,OGDEN,UT 84401, USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 8 IS 2 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1080/02705060.1993.9664843 PG 8 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LK987 UT WOS:A1993LK98700008 ER PT J AU SYTSMA, MD ANDERSON, LWJ AF SYTSMA, MD ANDERSON, LWJ TI CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY IN MYRIOPHYLLUM-AQUATICUM SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MACROPHYTE BIOMASS; GROWTH LIMITATION; SPICATUM L; PLANTS; AVAILABILITY; SEDIMENTS; NUTRIENTS; MARSH AB Criteria for assessment of N and P deficiency in emergent Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verd. were established in greenhouse experiments. A split-line regression technique was used to estimate critical, growth limiting concentrations of N and P in emergent stem apices. The lower 95% confidence limit on the estimate of the critical concentration was recommended as the deficiency criterion. Phosphorus deficiency criteria were 0.16 and 0.10 % DW in leaves and stems, respectively. Nitrogen deficiency criteria were 1.35 % DW in leaves and 0.38 % DW in stems. When both N and P are less than the critical concentration, a N:P ratio in emergent leaves >8.4 indicates that P is more limiting; a ratio <7.8 indicates N is more limiting. When N:P ratios are between 7.8 and 8.4 determination of the relative importance of N and P is ambiguous. M. aquaticum nutrient-use efficiencies were similar to those reported for other aquatic macrophytes. Low sensitivity of M. aquaticum nutrient-use efficiencies to varying nutrient supply rates supported empirical evidence that M. aquaticum is adapted to high nutrient environments. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT BOT,USDA ARS,AQUAT WEED RES LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616. RI Sytsma, Mark/B-2746-2013 NR 35 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 8 IS 2 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1080/02705060.1993.9664846 PG 9 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LK987 UT WOS:A1993LK98700011 ER PT J AU DICKENS, JC VISSER, JH VANDERPERS, JNC AF DICKENS, JC VISSER, JH VANDERPERS, JNC TI DETECTION AND DEACTIVATION OF PHEROMONE AND PLANT ODOR COMPONENTS BY THE BEET ARMYWORM, SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA (HUBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OLFACTION; MOTH; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; BEET ARMYWORM; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM; SINGLE CELL; EAG; DETECTION; DEACTIVATION; NEUROBIOLOGY; SENSORY NEURON; CHEMORECEPTION; RECEPTION; INACTIVATION ID SEX-PHEROMONE; LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; ANTHERAEA-POLYPHEMUS; OLFACTORY RECEPTORS; COLORADO BEETLE; HOST PLANT; MOTH; RESPONSES AB Detection and deactivation of pheromone and plant odor components were investigated in both sexes of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Electroantennograms (EAGs) enhanced by novel computer techniques which facilitated investigation of novel or seldom considered parameters, and single sensillum recordings were used. Parameters of the EAGs investigated included rise of the negative phase, and decay following stimulation, both at several time intervals. A novel parameter called level was also investigated. Responses of both sexes to 50 mug stimulus loads of 23 odorants including five components of the volatile emission of females were determined. Male moths were more responsive to plant odors than females based on normalized peaks. While none of the five components of female volatile emissions were detected by female moths, receptors in male moths responded to four of the five components previously shown to possess biological activity. Green leaf volatiles, linalool, myrcene and benzaldehyde elicited the largest normalized peaks in both sexes. Among the green leaf volatiles, the E-2 and Z-3 configurations were preferred as were the alcohol and acetate moieties. Values for rise for pheromone components in males were significantly greater than for green leaf volatiles. Decay values were the same for plant odors in both sexes. Decay values for pheromone components in males were greater than those for plant odors thus indicating specificity of deactivation processes. An analogous situation existed in female moths for benzaldehyde (a common component of male scent gland secretions in noctuid moths, see above) where decay values significantly exceeded that for any other compound. Level was considered to be a measure of the number of molecules arriving at the receptor sites (N(A)) minus the number of molecules removed (N(R)). Differential level values were found for: pheromone components (low); green leaf volatiles, benzaldehyde, pentanol and myrcene (intermediate); and linalool and heptanol (high). Low values for level were thought to indicate efficient mechanisms for transport and removal of molecules for interaction with receptors, and could be indicative of increased signal to noise ratios. Recordings from the sexually dimorphic trichoid sensilla of males revealed in most instances two receptor neurons, one which produced a large amplitude spike and was reliably stimulated by Z-9, E-12-tetradecenyl acetate, while the neuron with the small amplitude spike responded to Z-9-tetradecen-1-ol. These neurons also responded with increasing spike frequencies to a green leaf volatile and a monoterpene. These results may help to explain not only the larger EAGs recorded from male antennae, but also the observed synergism of the female pheromone by green leaf volatiles. C1 USDA ARS,BOLL WEEVIL RES UNIT,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP DICKENS, JC (reprint author), IPO DLO,PLANT PROTECT RES INST,DEPT PHYSIOL,BINNENHAVEN 12,6700 GW WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. NR 53 TC 54 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 39 IS 6 BP 503 EP 516 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(93)90083-4 PG 14 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA LH859 UT WOS:A1993LH85900008 ER PT J AU GIBLINDAVIS, RM MUNDOOCAMPO, M BALDWIN, JG NORDEN, BB BATRA, SWT AF GIBLINDAVIS, RM MUNDOOCAMPO, M BALDWIN, JG NORDEN, BB BATRA, SWT TI DESCRIPTION OF BURSAPHELENCHUS-ABRUPTUS N-SP (NEMATA, APHELENCHOIDIDAE), AN ASSOCIATE OF A DIGGER BEE SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTHOPHORA-ABRUPTA; APHELENCHOIDIDAE; BEE; BURSAPHELENCHUS-ABRUPTUS N-SP; B-FRAUDULENTUS; B-KOLYMENSIS; B-MUCRONATUS; B-XYLOPHILUS; DUFOURS GLAND; MORPHOLOGY; MYCOPHAGY; NEMATODE; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TAXONOMY ID PINE WOOD; BIOLOGY; GLANDS; TREES AB Bursaphelenchus abruptus n. sp., an associate of the digger bee, Anthophora abrupta (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae), is described and illustrated. Bursaphelenchus abruptus n. sp. can be differentiated from other species of Bursaphelenchus by the absence of head annules, stylet length, length of the postuterine sac, shape of female tail, spicule morphology, and male caudal papillae arrangement. Two plant-pathogenic fungi, Monilinia fructicola and Botrytis cinerea, and a Monilia sp. isolated from an adult bee from Prince Georges County, Maryland, were good hosts for B. abruptus n. sp. Dauer juveniles (JIII) of B. abruptus n. sp. were isolated from the reproductive tracts of A. abrupta from Montgomery County, Alabama, for measurements and comparison with J2-JIII intermolts from a 4-week-old monoxenic culture on Monilia sp. Gonad lengths in dauer juveniles isolated from A. abrupta were highly variable (49 +/- 23 mum SD; range 21-93 mum; n = 29) compared with J2-JIII intermolts from culture (28 +/- 7 mum SD; range = 16-42 mum; n = 16), suggesting that postembryonic gonad development may continue while dauers are in the bee host. Adult males and females of B. abruptus n. sp. were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for ultrastructural comparisons with other members of the genus Bursaphelenchus. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT NEMATOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. SMITHSONIAN INST,DEPT ENTOMOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. USDA,BEE RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP GIBLINDAVIS, RM (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,FT LAUDERDALE RES & EDUC CTR,3205 COLL AVE,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314, USA. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 2 BP 161 EP 172 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LF982 UT WOS:A1993LF98200006 PM 19279754 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, DI BERRY, EC LEWIS, LC AF SHAPIRO, DI BERRY, EC LEWIS, LC TI INTERACTIONS BETWEEN NEMATODES AND EARTHWORMS - ENHANCED DISPERSAL OF STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DISPERSAL; EARTHWORM; NEMATODE; NEMATODE DISPERSAL; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; STEINERNEMATIDAE ID ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODES; INFECTIVITY; HETERORHABDITIDAE; RHABDITIDA; MOVEMENT; SOIL AB Dispersal of the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (All strain), applied on the top or the bottom of soil columns, was tested in the presence or absence of two earthworm species, Lumbricus terrestris or Aporrectodea trapezoides. Nematode dispersal was estimated after a 2-week period with a bioassay against the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. Vertical dispersal of nematodes was increased in the presence of earthworms. When nematodes were placed on the surface of soil columns, significantly more nematodes dispersed to the lower half of the columns when either earthworm species was present than when earthworms were not present. When nematodes were placed on the bottom of soil columns, significantly more nematodes dispersed to the upper half of the columns when L. terrestris was present than when A. trapezoides was present or in the absence of earthworms. Because nematodes were found on the exterior and in the interior of earthworms, nematode dispersal may be enhanced by direct contact with the earthworms. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,CORN INSECTS RES UNIT,GENET LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP SHAPIRO, DI (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 2 BP 189 EP 192 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LF982 UT WOS:A1993LF98200009 PM 19279757 ER PT J AU LINDEGREN, JE VALERO, KA MACKEY, BE AF LINDEGREN, JE VALERO, KA MACKEY, BE TI SIMPLE INVIVO PRODUCTION AND STORAGE METHODS FOR STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE INFECTIVE JUVENILES SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOASSAY; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA; KAPOW SELECTION; MEXICAN STRAIN; NEMATODE; NEMATODE WOOL; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE ID NEMATODES; FELTIAE AB Methods are described for standardized in vivo production, rapid harvest, and storage, in a concentrated form, of infective juveniles of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae Mexican strain Kapow selection. Nematodes were stored in nematode wool configurations, consisting of mats of intertwined infective juveniles. Freshly harvested nematodes are readily available in adequate quantities for laboratory and small-scale field evaluations as well as cottage industry production. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BIOMETR & STAT SERV STAFF,BERKELEY,CA 94710. RP LINDEGREN, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 13 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 2 BP 193 EP 197 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LF982 UT WOS:A1993LF98200010 PM 19279758 ER PT J AU CONNICK, WJ NICKLE, WR VINYARD, BT AF CONNICK, WJ NICKLE, WR VINYARD, BT TI PESTA - NEW GRANULAR FORMULATIONS FOR STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; EMERGENCE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE; FORMULATION; NEMATODE; PESTA; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; STORAGE; WHEAT FLOUR AB ''Pesta,'' a new granular product for use with entrapped biocontrol agents, is based on a cohesive dough made of wheat flour, fillers, and other additives. Infective juveniles of the entomopathogen Steinernema carpocapsae strain All incorporated in Pesta granules emerged when the granules were softened by immersion in water. These granules may be useful for the biocontrol of insect pests in the soil. Storage temperature had the greatest effect on recovery of nematodes, followed by the moisture content of the granules. Recovery of nematodes was the same among the formulations tested and was unaffected by storage in nitrogen. Nematode recovery after storage at 21 C decreased to zero after 3-6 weeks. Storage of samples at 4 C and with a high moisture content (19.9-23.1%) greatly improved nematode viability. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,NEMATOL LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP CONNICK, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 2 BP 198 EP 203 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LF982 UT WOS:A1993LF98200011 PM 19279759 ER PT J AU WERGIN, WP SAYRE, RM ERBE, EF AF WERGIN, WP SAYRE, RM ERBE, EF TI USE OF LOW-TEMPERATURE SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY TO OBSERVE FROZEN-HYDRATED SPECIMENS OF NEMATODES SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COMPLEMENTARY IMAGING; LOW-TEMPERATURE SEM; NEMATODE; PRATYLENCHUS-AGILIS; SEM; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; STEREOLOGY; TECHNIQUE; 3-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING ID ROOT-KNOT; CRYOPRESERVATION; LIQUID AB Frozen hydrated specimens of Pratylenchus agilis and dauer larvae of Steinernema carpocapsae were observed with low-temperature field emission scanning electron microscopy. This new technique provides information about the surface features of nematodes and also allows specimens to be fractured to reveal their internal structure. Furthermore, both halves of fractured specimens can be retained, examined, and photographed either as two-dimensional micrographs or as three-dimensional images for stereo observation (stereology) or quantitative measurements (stereometry). This technique avoids artifacts normally associated with procedures required to prepare nematodes for examination in the transmission and scanning electron microscopes, such as chemical fixation, dehydration, and sectioning or critical point drying. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP WERGIN, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,BLDG 177B,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 2 BP 214 EP 226 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LF982 UT WOS:A1993LF98200013 PM 19279761 ER PT J AU FRANCL, LJ AF FRANCL, LJ TI MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS OF SELECTED EDAPHIC FACTORS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO HETERODERA-GLYCINES POPULATION-DENSITY SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE-MAX; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; SOIL FERTILITY; SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION ID NEMATODE AB The influence of selected soil physical and chemical factors on population density of Heterodera glycines was investigated in 1988 and 1989 in two different locations of a soybean (Glycine max) field. Soil variables of a Norfolk loamy sand were measured after planting soybeans susceptible to H. glycines. Cyst and egg populations were determined after harvest. Nematode population density was found to be clustered. Up to 91% of the eggs were parasitized by a sterile fungus. Principal component analysis with orthogonal VARIMAX rotation grouped 12 variables into five uncorrelated factors in 1988 and three in 1989. In 1988, the factor ''pH and Mg'' was positively correlated (P < 0.001) with cyst and egg population density. Also, the factor ''fine texture and Cu'' was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with egg population density. In 1989, the factor ''pH, Mg and Cu'' was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with levels of cysts and percentage of parasitized eggs, but not with total egg number. Across 2 years, factors containing soil pH and Mg were positively associated with cyst nematode population density. Copper appeared to be negatively associated with populations of H. glycines. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP FRANCL, LJ (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 2 BP 270 EP 276 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LF982 UT WOS:A1993LF98200020 PM 19279768 ER PT J AU BRODIE, BB BRUCATO, ML AF BRODIE, BB BRUCATO, ML TI EFFECTS OF INOCULUM DENSITY AND EGG AGE ON ESTABLISHMENT OF GLOBODERA-ROSTOCHIENSIS POPULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GLOBODERA-ROSTOCHIENSIS; GOLDEN NEMATODE; NEMATODE SPREAD; POPULATION ESTABLISHMENT; POTATO; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM ID NEMATODE; INFECTIVITY; RESISTANT; JUVENILES AB The establishment of Globodera rostochiensis Ro1 populations was examined under greenhouse conditions. The probability of G. rostochiensis population establishment was calculated from the number of plants that produced new cysts with viable eggs following inoculation with various numbers of eggs of different ages. Probability of population establishment was positively correlated with inoculum density but was not affected by the age of eggs used in these experiments. The probability of G. rostochiensis establishment ranged from 5% at densities of 2 eggs/pot to 100% at densities of 25 eggs/pot or greater. At densities of 3 eggs/pot and beyond, there was no correlation between inoculum density and the number of viable eggs/new cyst. Also, the number of plants that produced new cysts was a function of inoculum density and not age of eggs. Juveniles from eggs 1 year old or older were equally as infective as were those from eggs in newly developed cysts (4 months old). C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP BRODIE, BB (reprint author), USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 2 BP 286 EP 290 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LF982 UT WOS:A1993LF98200022 PM 19279770 ER PT J AU BRODIE, BB AF BRODIE, BB TI PROBABILITY OF GLOBODERA-ROSTOCHIENSIS SPREAD ON EQUIPMENT AND POTATO-TUBERS SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DISPERSAL; DISTRIBUTION; GOLDEN NEMATODE; POTATO CYST NEMATODE; SPREAD AB The probability of spreading cysts of Globodera rostochiensis on farming equipment and potato tubers was investigated in naturally infested field plots. The number of cysts recovered from soil that adhered to equipment differed significantly between different pieces of equipment. These differences were related to initial nematode density and, in most cases, to the volume of soil that adhered to the equipment. At an initial density of 0.04 egg/cm3 of soil, significantly more cysts were recovered from a potato digger than from a potato hiller, cultivator, or plow. At an initial density of 0.90 egg/cm3 of soil, significantly more cysts were recovered from the plow than from the other equipment. Although the population density was 22 times greater, only 10 times more cysts adhered to equipment used in soil with a density of 0.90 egg/cm3 of soil than when used in soil infested at 0.04 egg/cm3. The number of potato tuber samples (4.5 kg) that contained cysts with viable eggs was positively correlated with the initial densities of G. rostochiensis in soil in which they were produced. The percentage of tuber samples with cysts containing viable eggs was 10-12% for tubers harvested from soil with densities less than 1 egg/cm3 and 30-76% for tubers harvested from soil with densities greater than 4 eggs/cm3 of soil. RP BRODIE, BB (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 2 BP 291 EP 296 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LF982 UT WOS:A1993LF98200023 PM 19279771 ER PT J AU TIMPER, P BRODIE, BB AF TIMPER, P BRODIE, BB TI INFECTION OF PRATYLENCHUS-PENETRANS BY NEMATODE-PATHOGENIC FUNGI SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; HIRSUTELLA-RHOSSILIENSIS; MIGRATORY ENDOPARASITE; MONACROSPORIUM-ELLIPSOSPORUM; NEMATODE; NEMATOPHAGOUS FUNGI; PRATYLENCHUS-PENETRANS; ROOT LESION NEMATODE ID HIRSUTELLA-RHOSSILIENSIS; NEMATOPHAGOUS FUNGUS AB Eleven fungal isolates were tested in agar dishes for pathogenicity to Pratylenchus penetrans. Of the fungi that produce adhesive conidia, Hirsutella rhossiliensis was a virulent pathogen; Verticillium balanoides, Drechmeria coniospora, and Nematoctonus sp. were weak or nonpathogens. The trapping fungi, Arthrobotrys dactyloides, A. oligospora, Monacrosporium ellipsosporum, and M. cionopagum, killed most of the P. penetrans adults and juveniles added to the fungus cultures. An isolate of Nematoctonus that forms adhesive knobs trapped only a small proportion of the nematodes. In 17-cm3 vials, soil moisture influenced survival of P. penetrans in the presence of H. rhossiliensis; nematode survival decreased with diminishing soil moisture. Hirsutella rhossilienis and M. ellipsosporum were equally effective in reducing numbers of P. penetrans by 24-25% after 4 days in sand. After 25 days in soil artificially infested with H. rhossiliensis, numbers of P. penetrans were reduced b 28-53%. RP TIMPER, P (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 2 BP 297 EP 302 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LF982 UT WOS:A1993LF98200024 PM 19279772 ER PT J AU BALA, S FAILLA, ML AF BALA, S FAILLA, ML TI COPPER REPLETION RESTORES THE NUMBER AND FUNCTION OF CD4 CELLS IN COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE INTERLEUKIN-2; MITOGENIC REACTIVITY; CD4 CELLS; COPPER DEFICIENCY; RATS ID ADULT MICE; RESPONSIVENESS; NEUTROPHILS; IMPAIRMENT AB Dietary copper deficiency decreases the number of splenic CD4 cells and mitogen-induced generation of interleukin-2 activity and DNA synthesis in cultures of splenic mononuclear cells. To determine the reversibility of these defects, Cu-deficient rats were fed a Cu-adequate diet for either 4, 7 or 11 d before preparation of cell cultures. Serum and hepatic concentrations of Cu attained 87 and 75%, respectively, of the control level after 4 d of dietary repletion. In contrast, interleukin-2 activity and [H-3]thymidine incorporation in splenic cell cultures treated with T-cell mitogens were significantly greater than in cultures from Cu-deficient rats after 7, but not 4, d of dietary Cu repletion. The number of splenic CD4 cells was also greater after 7 d of dietary supplementation with Cu. Changes in the relative percentage and function of T-helper cells were highly correlated with one another and with hepatic Cu concentration. These observations indicate that an inadequate supply of dietary Cu reversibly suppresses the maturation and function of splenic T-helper cells. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT FOOD NUTR & FOOD SERV MANAGEMENT,AU PK BLDG,GREENSBORO,NC 27412. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. US FDA,DIV EVALUAT ANTIVIRAL DRUG PROD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 123 IS 6 BP 991 EP 996 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LF086 UT WOS:A1993LF08600002 PM 8099369 ER PT J AU BUTTE, NF VILLALPANDO, S WONG, WW FLORESHUERTA, S HERNANDEZBELTRAN, MD SMITH, EO AF BUTTE, NF VILLALPANDO, S WONG, WW FLORESHUERTA, S HERNANDEZBELTRAN, MD SMITH, EO TI HIGHER TOTAL-ENERGY EXPENDITURE CONTRIBUTES TO GROWTH FALTERING IN BREAST-FED INFANTS LIVING IN RURAL MEXICO SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ENERGY EXPENDITURE; INFANTS; MEXICO; BREAST FEEDING ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; WEIGHT-FOR-HEIGHT; BODY-COMPOSITION; ISOTOPE-FRACTIONATION; PERUVIAN CHILDREN; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SHORT STATURE; PREDICTION; ILLNESSES; MILK AB To investigate the energy requirements of infants living under unfavorable environmental conditions in rural Mexico, we measured the total energy expenditure (TEE) of 40 Otomi infants at approximately 4 or approximately 6 mo of age. Total energy expenditure was estimated by the doubly labeled water method: 100 mg (H2O)-H-2/kg and 250 mg O-18/kg were administered orally, after which urine was collected serially for 7 or 10 d. Isotopic enrichment of urine samples was analyzed by gas-isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Weight and length were measured monthly from birth to 6 mo. Fat free mass was estimated from O-18 dilution spaces. Total energy expenditures (mean +/- SD) were 310 +/- 58 and 318 +/- 29 kJ.kg-1.d-1 at approximately 4 and approximately 6 mo, respectively. Total energy expenditure was higher than that previously observed for breast-fed infants reared under more protected environments (268 +/- 29 kJ.kg-1.d-1). Weight, length and weight gain were 5.9 +/- 0.8 kg, 60 +/- 2 cm and 2.9 +/- 2.4 g.kg-1d-1 at 4.25 mo and 7.1 +/- 0.8 kg, 65 +/- 2 cm and 1.0 +/- 1.2 g.kg-1.d-1 at 6.27 mo. Growth faltering was evident at 6 mo by clinically significant declines in growth velocities and National Center for Health Statistics Z-scores. Body fat of the Otomi infants averaged 21 +/- 6 and 18 +/- 5 g/100 g at approximately 4 and approximately 6 mo, respectively. Higher rates of TEE narrowed the margin of energy available for growth and thereby contributed to growth faltering in the Otomi infants. C1 INST MEXICANO SEGURO SOCIAL,DIV CRECIMIENTO & DESARROLLO,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. RP BUTTE, NF (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. OI Villalpando, Salvador/0000-0001-6429-3816 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 123 IS 6 BP 1028 EP 1035 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LF086 UT WOS:A1993LF08600007 PM 8505662 ER PT J AU MANGELS, AR BLOCK, G FREY, CM PATTERSON, BH TAYLOR, PR NORKUS, EP LEVANDER, OA AF MANGELS, AR BLOCK, G FREY, CM PATTERSON, BH TAYLOR, PR NORKUS, EP LEVANDER, OA TI THE BIOAVAILABILITY TO HUMANS OF ASCORBIC-ACID FROM ORANGES, ORANGE JUICE AND COOKED BROCCOLI IS SIMILAR TO THAT OF SYNTHETIC ASCORBIC-ACID SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ASCORBIC ACID; VITAMIN-C; BIOAVAILABILITY; FRUITS; VEGETABLES ID VITAMIN-C; DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID; DEHYDROISOASCORBIC ACID; ISOASCORBIC ACID; PLASMA; ANTIOXIDANT; SEPARATION; FOOD AB The relative bioavailability of ascorbic acid from several sources was compared in 68 male nonsmokers. Subjects underwent two 8-wk ascorbic acid depletion-repletion cycles. In repletion, subjects were randomized to receive 108 mg/d ascorbic acid as tablets with or without iron, as orange segments or juice, or as raw or cooked broccoli with a crossover within each major treatment group (e.g., cooked to raw broccoli) for the second repletion. Relative ascorbic acid bioavailability was estimated based on the slope obtained from linear regression of plasma ascorbic acid on time during each repletion. In the first repletion, slopes for all groups were similar except for the group consuming raw broccoli (20% lower response, P < 0.01). Second repletion responses were attenuated, but were similar to the first repletion. Ascorbic acid ingested as cooked broccoli, orange juice or fruit, or in synthetic form seems to be equally bioavailable. The lower relative bioavailability of ascorbic acid from raw broccoli is unlikely to be of practical importance in mixed diets. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, VITAMIN & MINERAL NUTR LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. OUR LADY MERCY MED CTR, BIOMED RES DEPT, BRONX, NY 10466 USA. NCI, DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RI Block, Gladys/E-3304-2010 FU NCI NIH HHS [Y01-CN-40620] NR 30 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 123 IS 6 BP 1054 EP 1061 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LF086 UT WOS:A1993LF08600010 PM 8505665 ER PT J AU MEYDANI, M MEYDANI, SN BLUMBERG, JB AF MEYDANI, M MEYDANI, SN BLUMBERG, JB TI MODULATION BY DIETARY VITAMIN-E AND SELENIUM OF CLOTTING WHOLE-BLOOD THROMBOXANE-A2 AND AORTIC PROSTACYCLIN SYNTHESIS IN RATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE VITAMIN-E; SELENIUM; PROSTACYCLIN; THROMBOXANE; RAT ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID METABOLISM; SUBSTANCE PROSTAGLANDIN-X; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; HEART-DISEASE; PLASMA; SERUM; ENDOPEROXIDES; INHIBITION; PLATELETS AB The effect of dietary vitamin E and selenium (Se) on aortic prostacyclin (PGI2) and clotting whole blood thromboxane (TX) A2 synthesis in 1-month-old Fischer 344 rats was investigated. Rats were fed basal semi-purified diets deficient in vitamin E and Se or basal diet supplemented with either 200 IU vitamin E and/or 0.2 ppm Se per kg diet for 2 months. Ex vivo production of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1alpha, the corresponding stable metabolites of TXA2 and PGI2, were measured in whole blood and aortic rings, respectively. Animals fed vitamin E-deficient diet had significantly (P < 0.05) lower plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol than those fed vitamin E-supplemented diet. Plasma Se was undetected and activity of plasma glutathione peroxidase was diminished in rats fed Se-deficient diets. Vitamin E and Se treatments affected TXA2 and PGI2 production differently. Aortic PGI2 synthesis was affected by both dietary vitamin E and Se, whereas whole blood TXA2 synthesis was only affected by dietary vitamin E. These results suggest that vitamin E and Se have specific and different effects on TXA2 and PGI2 synthesis, and that their combined supplementation may have a favorable effect on PGI2:TXA2 ratio. C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,NUTR IMMUNOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP MEYDANI, M (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,ANTIOXIDANT RES LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 4 IS 6 BP 322 EP 326 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(93)90076-9 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA LF596 UT WOS:A1993LF59600001 ER PT J AU ROSSOW, KL REEVES, PG AF ROSSOW, KL REEVES, PG TI ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY FOR ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME IN RAT TESTES SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ACE; ELISA; TESTIS; RAT ID PURIFICATION; EPIDIDYMIS; ISOZYME; ZINC AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to determine the concentration of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the testes of rats. ACE was isolated and purified from the testes by affinity chromatography using the specific ACE inhibitor lisinopril bound to Sepharose CL-4B. Polyclonal antibodies to the purified ACE protein were produced in rabbits. A competitive antigen capture ELISA was developed by using antibody-coated polystyrene tubes as the solid phase and alkaline phosphatase covalently bound to purified ACE as the detector. This paper describes in detail the procedures for preparing the affinity gel and column, isolating and purifying A CE protein, producing and isolating the antibodies, production of the alkaline phosphatase-ACE conjugate, and the development of the ELISA. The assay was tested by determining the amount of ACE protein in rat testis as affected by zinc deficiency, a condition known to reduce ACE activity in this tissue. Preliminary results showed a direct correlation between the reduction in ACE activity and ACE protein in the Zn-deficient rats. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 9034,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 4 IS 6 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(93)90084-A PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA LF596 UT WOS:A1993LF59600009 ER PT J AU SNYDER, DE ZARLENGA, DS LAROSA, G POZIO, E AF SNYDER, DE ZARLENGA, DS LAROSA, G POZIO, E TI BIOCHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION OF A SYLVATIC ISOLATE OF TRICHINELLA SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEM; SPIRALIS INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; INTENSITY; WILDLIFE AB Biological, biochemical, and genetic relationships of Trichinella isolates were assessed and compared from 3 species of Illinois fur-bearing mammals. Tongue muscle collected from 1987 through 1989 from 323 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 9 red fox (Vulpes fulva), and 1 coyote (Canis latrans) were digested and Trichinella muscle larval prevalences and mean intensities (larvae/g) determined. The prevalence and mean intensity of tongue muscle-stage larvae were 2.8% and 44.4% and 326 and 2 larvae/g for raccoon and red fox, respectively. The single coyote examined for muscle larvae was negative. Seven of 13 Trichinella isolates (5 raccoon, 2 red fox) were maintained and amplified in mice. Comparative analyses of DNA from larvae of these isolates and from other Trichinella isolates were performed by dot-blot hybridization using specific repetitive DNA probes. DNA from the 7 Illinois sylvatic isolates reacted with the Trichinella T5 isolate DNA probe pUPB-3.7 and did not cross-react with the Trichinella spiralis probe pBP-2. The sylvatic isolates of Trichinella were also analyzed using 27 allozymes. Their allozymic patterns were similar to Trichinella reference strain T5 from Pennsylvania, except for mannose phosphate isomerase. These results suggest that the Illinois wildlife isolates belong to the Trichinella T5 genotype according to the classification system established by the International Trichinella Reference Centre and as defined here by positive hybridization to the pUPB-3.7 probe. Results from Southern blot analyses using rRNA as a probe and allozyme patterns revealed some heterogeneity among geographical isolates of the T5 genotype. C1 USDA ARS,ANIM PARASITE RES LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 79 IS 3 BP 347 EP 352 DI 10.2307/3283568 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA LG095 UT WOS:A1993LG09500006 PM 8501590 ER PT J AU FLEMING, MW AF FLEMING, MW TI SELECTION FOR A STRAIN OF HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS THAT EXHIBITS PERIPARTURIENT EGG RISE IN SHEEP SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Periparturient egg rise (PPR) is a principal means for some nematode parasites to survive over winter and to provide transmission of infective larvae from ewes to lambs during the spring. Routine laboratory propagation techniques probably have selected for those characteristics that would not promote PPR in conventional laboratory strains of Haemonchus contortus. An established isolate of H. contortus (BPL) was the source of the initial inoculum to select for a strain that readily exhibits characteristics of PPR. The selection process included inoculation of helminth-free pregnant ewes during mid-gestation, collection of nematode eggs during lactation, and storage of infective larvae at 4 C for 4 mo. After 10 generations, the 2 strains, BPL and PPR from lambs and pregnant ewes, were compared for reproductive, morphological, and population differences in lambs and pregnant ewes. After lambing, ewes inoculated with the PPR strain had significantly higher fecal egg concentrations. Lambs inoculated with the PPR strain had higher egg concentrations, higher total daily egg production, fewer adult worms, larger female worms, and higher fecundity. Repeated selection in the appropriate host, after prolonged storage of the inoculum, produced a PPR strain of H. contortus morphologically and reproductively distinct from the initial source isolate. RP FLEMING, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 79 IS 3 BP 399 EP 402 DI 10.2307/3283576 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA LG095 UT WOS:A1993LG09500014 PM 8501597 ER PT J AU DROLESKEY, RE HOLMAN, PJ WALDRUP, KA CORRIER, DE WAGNER, GG AF DROLESKEY, RE HOLMAN, PJ WALDRUP, KA CORRIER, DE WAGNER, GG TI ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BABESIA-ODOCOILEI INVITRO SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; VIRGINIANUS; ERYTHROCYTES; TRANSMISSION; IXODIDAE AB Babesia odocoilei continuously cultured in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) erythrocytes was examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Merozoites. trophozoites, intermediate-stage forms. and dividing forms were observed. Merozoites possessed a single nucleus, inner membrane complex, rhoptries, free ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum. and single membrane-bound vesicles. Trophozoites lacked an inner membrane complex and rhoptries. Intermediate stages were characterized by distinct segments of inner membrane complex. Dividing forms ranged from cells with an elongated nucleus to mature daughter cells joined by a ringlike structure. Babesia odocoilei was characterized by its close proximity to the erythrocyte membrane. membranous structures resembling feeding organelles, and reproduction via a method resembling budding sensu stricto. RP DROLESKEY, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 79 IS 3 BP 424 EP 434 DI 10.2307/3283580 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA LG095 UT WOS:A1993LG09500018 PM 8501601 ER PT J AU WELLS, J CIVEROLO, E HARTUNG, J POHRONEZNY, K AF WELLS, J CIVEROLO, E HARTUNG, J POHRONEZNY, K TI CELLULAR FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION OF 9 PATHOVARS OF XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID PV CITRI STRAINS; TAXONOMY; FLORIDA AB Cellular fatty acids of 80 strains of Xanthomonas campestris, representing 9 different pathovars, were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. A total of 48 fatty acids were identified, the most important being the 16 : 0 (averaging at least 4.5 % of the total), the cis- and trans-9 16 : 1 (over 14.4 %), and the iso and anteiso 15 : 0 (over 30 %). Other major fatty acids (averaging over 1 % of total) were the saturated 14 : 0 and 15 : 0, the hydroxy-substituted iso 3-OH 11 : 0, 3-OH 12 : 0 and iso 3-OH 13 : 0, and the branch-chained iso 11 : 0, iso 16 : 0, iso 17 : 1, iso 17 : 0 and anteiso 17 : 0. Of 33 minor fatty acids detected and identified, only 7 have been previously reported in the xanthomonads. Significant differences in mean percentages of 5 major fatty acids and 4 (chemical) class totals were detected among pathovars, which statistically segregated into three groups by rank analysis. X. campestris pv. dieffenbachiae was in a group by itself; pvs. campestris, citri (pathotypes A and B), manihotis, phaseoli, pruni and vesicatoria were in a seond group, and pvs. glycines, begonia and citri (pathotype E) were in a third. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV FLORIDA,EREC,BELLE GLADE,FL 33430. RP WELLS, J (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 138 IS 2 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1993.tb01369.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LJ858 UT WOS:A1993LJ85800006 ER PT J AU HAZEBROEK, JP SCHECHTER, SE METZGER, JD COOLBAUGH, RC AF HAZEBROEK, JP SCHECHTER, SE METZGER, JD COOLBAUGH, RC TI PRESENCE OF ENDOGENOUS ENT-KAURENE IN A MICROSOMAL PREPARATION FROM CUCURBITA-MAXIMA L ENDOSPERM AND IMPLICATIONS FOR KINETIC-STUDIES OF ENT-KAURENE OXIDASE SO JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article ID GIBBERELLIN A12-ALDEHYDE; METABOLISM; BIOSYNTHESIS; FUJIKUROI; SEEDS AB Microsomal and soluble cell-free extracts prepared from liquid endosperm of Cucurbita maxima L. were found to contain high concentrations of endogenous ent-kaurene and ent-kaurenol by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-chemical ionization with deuterated internal standards. Increases in the levels of ent-kaurenol, ent-kaurenoic acid, and ent-7 alpha-hydroxykaurenoic acid are correlated with a decline in the amount of endogenous ent-kaurene following a 10 min incubation of microsomes with NADPH and FAD. The rate of oxidation of radiolabeled ent-kaurene by the microsomal fraction was determined, and the need to account for endogenous substrate is shown. Endogenous ent-kaurene present in soluble extracts had the effect of diluting the [C-14]ent-kaurene synthesized from [C-14]mevalonic acid, resulting in reduced specific radioactivity of the product. The dilution of [C-14]ent-kaurene was more pronounced in extracts with higher endogenous ent-kaurene levels or when the reactions were run in the presence of O-2 and NADPH. Evidence is presented that suggests differential metabolism of endogenous ent-kaurene and radiolabeled ent-kaurene in both microsomal and soluble extracts. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7595 J9 J PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI J. Plant Growth Regul. PD SUM PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1007/BF00189640 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MK980 UT WOS:A1993MK98000001 ER PT J AU SOWA, S ROOS, EE CAUGHEY, WS AF SOWA, S ROOS, EE CAUGHEY, WS TI EFFECTOR MOLECULES TO PROBE CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE ACTIVITY IN GERMINATING PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L SEEDS SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BEAN SEEDS; CARBON MONOXIDE; NITROUS OXIDE; DEUTERIUM OXIDE; MITOCHONDRIA; DIOXYGEN UTILIZATION ID ANESTHETIC NITROUS-OXIDE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; BOVINE HEART; MITOCHONDRIA; MECHANISM; REDUCTION AB The respiratory effector molecules carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (N2O), and deuterium oxide (D2O) were used to probe cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) activity in mitochondrial particles and enzyme isolated from germinating bean seeds. Mitochondrial CO effects were dose-dependent and readily reversible, with maximal activity inhibition of 58 % and 81 % for mitochondria and oxidase, respectively, in the presence of 80 % CO. Cytochrome oxidase activity was reversibly inhibited 36 % in the presence of 80 % N2O. In the presence of 99.8 % D2O, mitochondrial and enzyme activities were 43 % and 52 % of control activities, with mitochondrial effects partially reversed in H2O. Visible spectra of mitochondrial and enzyme preparations showed that CO bound to cytochrome oxidase at heme a3, while N2O and D2O did not directly affect the ligand binding site. Seed germination was not changed in the presence of these molecules, but reductions were observed in seedling respiration and root length corresponding to reductions in cytochrome oxidase activity. As loss of vigor is the first step in seed deterioration, these results would indicate that cytochrome c oxidase activity may be important in the loss of viability. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP SOWA, S (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 141 IS 6 BP 647 EP 653 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LQ582 UT WOS:A1993LQ58200002 ER PT J AU SIDERS, WA LUKASKI, HC BOLONCHUK, WW AF SIDERS, WA LUKASKI, HC BOLONCHUK, WW TI RELATIONSHIPS AMONG SWIMMING PERFORMANCE, BODY-COMPOSITION AND SOMATOTYPE IN COMPETITIVE COLLEGIATE SWIMMERS SO JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE AND PHYSICAL FITNESS LA English DT Article DE SWIMMING; BODY COMPOSITION; SOMATOTYPES AB Relationships were determined between sprint swimming performance and estimates of body composition and somatotype components in competitive collegiate swimmers. Forty-three women and 31 men underwent anthropometric and hydrodensitometric measurements at the beginning of a competitive season. There were significant partial correlations (swim stroke was partialed out) between swimming performance (time in a competitive 100-yard swim of each swimmer's major competitive stroke) and height (-0.466. p<0.01), the mesomorphic (0.404, p<0.01) and ectomorphic (-0.398, p<0.01) components of somatotype, percent body fat (0.351, p<0.05), and fat-free weight (-0.332, p<0.05) among the women, but no significant correlations among the men. Twenty-three of the women and 21 of the men were also measured and timed at the end of the competitive season. Again, there were significant (p<0.01) partial correlations (season and stroke were partialed out) between swimming performance and height (-0.766), fat-free weight (-0.657), body weight (-0.437), and the ectomorphic (-0.441) and mesomorphic (0.392, p<0.01) components of somatotype in women, but no significant correlations among the men. These findings indicate that measurements of body composition and somatotype may be predictors of swimming performance in women but not in men. RP SIDERS, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA PI TURIN PA CORSO BRAMANTE 83-85 INT JOURNALS DEPT., 10126 TURIN, ITALY SN 0022-4707 J9 J SPORT MED PHYS FIT JI J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 2 BP 166 EP 171 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA LQ768 UT WOS:A1993LQ76800009 PM 8412052 ER PT J AU FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD AF FIELDS, M LEWIS, CG LURE, MD TI COPPER DEFICIENCY IN RATS - THE EFFECT OF TYPE OF DIETARY-PROTEIN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE COPPER DEFICIENCY; FRUCTOSE; CASEIN; EGG-WHITE; LACTALBUMIN ID FRUCTOSE; MORTALITY; SUCROSE; ANEMIA; STARCH; IRON; ZINC AB The present investigation was conducted to determine whether type of dietary protein can exacerbate the pathology induced by the combination of fructose feeding and copper (Cu) deficiency. Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to three different groups differing in the nature of dietary protein. The proteins used were egg-white, casein or lactalbumin. All diets contained 62.5% carbohydrate as fructose and were low in Cu (0.6-0.72 mug Cu/g diet). Although the lowest concentration of Cu was found in the livers of rats fed egg-white, the pathology associated with Cu deficiency was more severe in rats fed lactalbumin. The highest concentration of hepatic Cu was found in rats fed casein. The data show that the type of dietary protein can exacerbate signs associated with Cu deficiency. The concentrations of hepatic Cu do not reflect accurately the pathology associated with Cu deficiency. C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,DIV ENDOCRINOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. USDA,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3 BP 303 EP 306 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LE003 UT WOS:A1993LE00300013 PM 8409086 ER PT J AU NARANG, SK SEAWRIGHT, JA AF NARANG, SK SEAWRIGHT, JA TI IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION MAPPING OF HISTONE GENES IN ANOPHELES-ALBIMANUS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ORGANIZATION; SEQUENCES; DNA AB The histone genes of Anopheles albimanus were mapped by in situ hybridization to 6 bands in Region 34A on the right arm of chromosome 3. A genomic library was made by cloning fragments of 15 to 23 kb (derived from partial EcoRI digestion) into the phage vector, EMBL4, and probed with the histone gene repeat of Drosophila melanogaster. Thirty-two phages containing histone gene sequences were isolated from about 10(5) plaque-forming units (pfu). Complete EcoRI digestion of DNA from 5 of the 32 recombinant phages and the genomic DNA of An. albimanus yielded a single 3.84-kb fragment that contained sequences homologous to the 5 histone genes of D. melanogaster. This 3.84-kb unit of mosquito histone genes was subcloned into puc19 plasmid, and the resulting clone (palbi34A) was used for in situ hybridization to salivary gland chromosomes. RP NARANG, SK (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECTS AFFECTING MAN & ANIM RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 9 IS 2 BP 147 EP 149 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LL221 UT WOS:A1993LL22100006 PM 8350069 ER PT J AU KLINE, DL AF KLINE, DL TI SMALL PLOT EVALUATION OF A SUSTAINED-RELEASE SAND GRANULE FORMULATION OF METHOPRENE (SAN 810 I 1.3 GR) FOR CONTROL OF AEDES-TAENIORHYNCHUS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB A sand granule formulation of methoprene (SAN 810 I 1.3 GR) was tested in outdoor intermittently flooded pools as a pre- and postflood treatment for the control of Aedes taeniorhynchus. In field test 1, pre- and postflood treatments were equally effective. Inhibition of emergence in mosquitoes exceeded 90% for one and 3 flood/dry cycles when SAN 810 I 1.3 GR was applied at rates of 2.8 and 5.6 kg/ha, respectively. In field test 2, >90% inhibition of emergence was achieved only when SAN 810 I 1.3 GR was applied postflood at 5.6 kg/ha. RP KLINE, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 9 IS 2 BP 155 EP 157 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LL221 UT WOS:A1993LL22100008 PM 8350071 ER PT J AU SCHRECK, CE KLINE, DL WILLIAMS, DC TIDWELL, MA AF SCHRECK, CE KLINE, DL WILLIAMS, DC TIDWELL, MA TI FIELD EVALUATIONS IN MALAISE AND CANOPY TRAPS OF SELECTED TARGETS AS ATTRACTANTS FOR TABANID SPECIES (DIPTERA, TABANIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Various configurations of an inflated vinyl beach ball covered with black fabric were evaluated in Malaise and canopy (modified Manitoba) traps for possible use as an insecticide-impregnated visual target (T) for Tabanidae. In Malaise traps, T attracted 2X more flies than no T. When inflated with carbon dioxide, T was not significantly different from T filled with air, no matter which type of trap it was in. In canopy traps, 2 or 4 white spots applied to T did not increase its attractiveness to tabanids. When treated with octenol, T was 2-5X more attractive than an untreated T in canopy traps. However, when an octenol treatment was aged for 48 h, it was less effective than a fresh treatment. Overall, the 3 most frequently collected species, in order of abundance, were: Tabanus lineola hinellus, Hybomitra vicina and Chrysops atlanticus. Significantly more T. l. hinellus and H. vicina were collected at T with octenol than at T without octenol. Attempts to detect an insecticidal effect on flies captured in both types of trap that had been baited with Ts treated with permethrin were unsuccessful. RP SCHRECK, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 9 IS 2 BP 182 EP 188 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LL221 UT WOS:A1993LL22100013 PM 8350075 ER PT J AU BROWN, JR CHEW, V MELSON, RO AF BROWN, JR CHEW, V MELSON, RO TI TEMPERATURE AND FLOW-RATE EFFECTS ON MASS MEDIAN DIAMETERS OF THERMALLY GENERATED MALATHION AND NALED FOGS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note AB The effects of temperature and flow rate on mass median diameters (mmds) of thermally generated aerosol clouds were studied. Number 2 fuel oil alone, undiluted and diluted malathion 91, and undiluted naled were examined. There was a significant flow rate X temperature interaction on the mmds of diluted malathion fogs: i.e., differences among flow rates depended on temperature and vice versa. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,USDA ARS,BIOMETR UNIT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP BROWN, JR (reprint author), USN,CTR DIS VECTOR ECOL & CONTROL,JACKSONVILLE,FL 32212, USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 9 IS 2 BP 232 EP 234 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LL221 UT WOS:A1993LL22100021 PM 8350082 ER PT J AU HAYES, DG KLEIMAN, R AF HAYES, DG KLEIMAN, R TI THE ISOLATION AND RECOVERY OF FATTY-ACIDS WITH DELTA-5 UNSATURATION FROM MEADOWFOAM OIL BY LIPASE-CATALYZED HYDROLYSIS AND ESTERIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ESTERIFICATION; HYDROLYSIS; LIMNANTHES-ALBA; LIPASES; LIPOZYME; MEADOWFOAM OIL; REVERSE MICELLES; DELTA-5-UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS ID GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID; ENZYMATIC FRACTIONATION; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; REVERSE MICELLES; INTERESTERIFICATION; ENRICHMENT; TRIGLYCERIDES AB This report examines the use of lipases for isolating fatty acids with DELTA5 unsaturation from the seed oil of Limnanthes alba, or meadowfoam. Seven lipase types and three enzyme configurations (immobilized, ''free'' and reverse-micellar encapsulated) were examined. All lipases discriminated against DELTA5 acids to varying degrees, but the degree of discrimination was independent of enzyme configuration. Lipase-catalyzed esterification of meadowfoam oil's free fatty acids was much more successful for isolating DELTA5 acyl groups than was lipolysis. For example, esterification directed by Chromobacterium viscosum lipase yielded a free fatty acid product containing >95% of the DELTA5 acyl groups at >99% purity. RP HAYES, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NCAUR,NCR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 70 IS 6 BP 555 EP 560 DI 10.1007/BF02545318 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LG047 UT WOS:A1993LG04700002 ER PT J AU CARLSON, KD KLEIMAN, R AF CARLSON, KD KLEIMAN, R TI DEGUMMING AND BLEACHING OF LESQUERELLA-FENDLERI SEED OIL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE BLEACHING; COLOR; DEGUMMING; LESQUERELLA OIL ID ACIDS AB A lesquerella species (Lesquerella fendleri) being investigated as a domestic source of seed oil containing hydroxy fatty acids shows good agronomic properties and is being tested in semi-commercial production. Lesquerella fendleri seeds contain 25% oil, of which 55% is lesquerolic acid (14-hydroxy-cis-11-eicosenoic). Oils produced in pilot-plant quantities by screw press, prepress-solvent extraction and extrusion-solvent extraction processes have been refined in the laboratory by filtering, degumming and bleaching. Two American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) standard bleaching earths and two commercial earths were compared for effectiveness in bleaching these dark, yellow-red, crude lesquerella oils. Free fatty acids (1.3%) iodine value (111), peroxide value (<4 meq/kg), unsaponifiables (1.7%) and hydroxyl value (100) were not significantly affected by degumming and bleaching, but phosphorus levels of 8-85 ppm in the crude oils were reduced to 0.5-1.1 ppm in the degummed and bleached oils. Crude oils had Gardner colors of 14, which were reduced to Gardner 9-11 in the degummed and bleached oil, depending on bleach type and quantity used. AOCS colors in the range of 21-25R 68-71Y were obtained. By including charcoal in the bleaching step, a considerably lighter oil could be obtained (Gardner 7). RP CARLSON, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NCAUR,NCR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 70 IS 6 BP 579 EP 582 DI 10.1007/BF02545323 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LG047 UT WOS:A1993LG04700007 ER PT J AU SINGLETON, JA AF SINGLETON, JA TI ENRICHMENT OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS FROM NEUTRAL LIPIDS IN PEANUT OIL BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE HPLC; OIL; PEANUTS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS ID HPLC ANALYSIS; TRIGLYCERIDES AB Phospholipids from crude peanut oil were enriched on a 2-cm silica column and subsequently separated from neutral lipids within the chromatographic system without prior concentration. Hexane effectively removed the bulk neutral lipids, leaving the adsorbed phospholipids on the silica precolumn. Individual phospholipids were separated from the remaining neutral lipids and from each other by using two mixed solvents and a gradient program. This method separates the phospholipids in approximately 27 min after the desired enrichment level has been reached. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP SINGLETON, JA (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,USDA ARS,SAA,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 70 IS 6 BP 637 EP 638 DI 10.1007/BF02545334 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LG047 UT WOS:A1993LG04700018 ER PT J AU LIST, GR MOUNTS, TL AF LIST, GR MOUNTS, TL TI ORIGIN OF THE NONHYDRATABLE SOYBEAN PHOSPHATIDES - WHOLE BEANS OR EXTRACTION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE CRUDE OILS; DEGUMMING; EXTRACTION; HEXANE; NONHYDRATABLE PHOSPHATIDES; PHOSPHOLIPASE-D; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; SOYBEANS AB Whole soybeans and flakes, tempered to normal (10%) and elevated (14%) moisture levels, were stored and then extracted under a variety of conditions in both the presence or absence of phospholipase activity. Crude oils were degummed, and the resulting nonhydratable phosphatide (NHP) content was determined. Extractions performed on flakes at ambient temperature or at the boiling point of hexane showed that at normal (10%) moisture levels the temperature of extraction had little effect on the magnitude of NHP formation; whereas at 14% moisture, considerably higher levels of NHP were observed at the higher extraction temperature. Studies performed with 10- and 14%-moisture whole beans stored at 40-degrees-C for extended periods, with or without inactivation of enzymes, showed that at normal 10% moisture levels little deterioration occurs after one week of storage; however, after four weeks considerable NHP is formed. At 14% moisture, NHP formation was rapid during the first week of storage, and complete destruction of the phospholipid occurred after four weeks' storage at 40-degrees-C. The results of these experiments indicate that the adverse effects of storage conditions, excessive moisture levels and elevated temperatures cannot be overcome by inactivation of phospholipase D prior to solvent extraction of the flakes. RP LIST, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NCAUR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 70 IS 6 BP 639 EP 641 DI 10.1007/BF02545335 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LG047 UT WOS:A1993LG04700019 ER PT J AU MEIER, K NYCHKA, D AF MEIER, K NYCHKA, D TI NONPARAMETRIC-ESTIMATION OF RATE-EQUATIONS FOR NUTRIENT-UPTAKE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE CONFIDENCE BANDS; CROSS-VALIDATION; MICHAELIS-MENTEN RATE EQUATION; MONTONICITY CONSTRAINTS; PARAMETRIC BOOTSTRAP; SMOOTHING SPLINES; SOLUTION DEPLETION EXPERIMENTS ID SMOOTHING NOISY DATA; NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION; SPLINE FUNCTIONS; RESPONSE CURVES; KERNEL-METHOD; REGRESSION; DERIVATIVES; GROWTH AB Knowledge of the rate of a biological process is important for characterizing the system and is necessary for gaining a deeper understanding of the process. Consider measurements, Y, made over time on a system following the model Y = f(t) + e, where f is a smooth, unknown function and e is measurement error. Although most statistical methodology has focused on estimating f(t) or f'(t), in some applications what is of real biological interest is the relationship between f and f'. One example is the study of nitrogen absorption by plant roots through a solution depletion experiment. In this case f(t) is the nitrate concentration of the solution surrounding the roots at time t and -f'(t) is the absorption mte of nitrate by plant roots at time t. One is interest in the rate of nitrate absorption as a function of concentration; that is, one is interested in PHI, where PHI(f) = -f'. Knowledge of PHI is important in quantifying the ability of a particular plant species to absorb nitrogen and in comparing the absorption ability of different crop varieties. A parametric model for PHI is usually not available, and thus a nonparametric estimate of PHI is particularly appropriate. This article proposes using spline-based curve estimates with the smoothing parameter chosen by cross-validation and suggests a method for obtaining confidence bands using a form of the parametric bootstrap. These methods are used to analyze a series of solution depletion experiments and are also examined by a simulation study designed to mimic the main features of such data. Although the true f is a monotonic function, simulation results indicate that for our specific application, constraining the estimate of f to be monotonic does not reduce the average squared error of the rate curve estimate, PHI. Although using a cross-validated estimate of the smoothing parameter tends to inflate the average squared error of the rate estimated an analysis of a set of solution depletion experiments is still possible. Using the proposed methods, we are able to detect a difference in mte curves obtained under different experimental conditions. This is established by applying an analysis of variance (ANOVA)-like test to the estimated rate curves, where the critical value is determined by a parametric version of the bootstrap, and by examining confidence bands for the difference of two rate cures. This finding is important, because it suggests that the shape of PHI may not be constant under the experimental conditions examined. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP MEIER, K (reprint author), USDA,DIV STATS & DATA SYST,FOOD SAHETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 88 IS 422 BP 602 EP 614 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA LD680 UT WOS:A1993LD68000026 ER PT J AU DUFF, DA AF DUFF, DA TI CONSERVATION PARTNERSHIPS FOR COLDWATER FISHERIES HABITAT SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE COLDWATER FISHERIES; TROUT UNLIMITED; NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM LANDS; PARTNERSHIPS AB The Forest Service (FS) of the US Department of Agriculture and Trout Unlimited (TU) implemented a national partnership in 1987 to enhance the conservation and management of coldwater fisheries and their ecosystems. Professional fisheries scientists and conservation volunteers work together across the United States to manage, enhance, and monitor a world-class fisheries resource. Fisheries resources on National Forest System lands include habitats on some 161,000 km of waterways, 890,000 ha of lakes and 26,500 km of coastline, amount to about 50% of all the trout and salmon habitat in the US This unique national partnership spans some 475 TU chapters involving 70,000 volunteers working on 125 National Forests and 682 Ranger Districts providing a formidable work force for conservation activities. Since the FS-TU agreement took place, local and regional supplemental agreements have been implemented in 22 states covering 22 TU councils (274 chapters) and 99 National Forests (483 Ranger Districts). TU has become an effective partner and a prime supporter in getting management and budgetary reform built into the FS ''Rise to the Future'' national fisheries program. The FS and TU have effectively bridged the gap between former ''outside'' partners, and are now working partners or shareholders for the benefit of coldwater fisheries resource management. TU has become more technically aware and educated in fisheries management, and the FS has benefitted from more public involvement and concern for the resource. ''Involved'' partnerships have helped foster better stewardship for management of coldwater fisheries resources across the nation in National Forest waters. RP DUFF, DA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,125 S STATE ST,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84138, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 12 IS 2 BP 206 EP 210 DI 10.2307/1467354 PG 5 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LF378 UT WOS:A1993LF37800015 ER PT J AU STERNER, RT AF STERNER, RT TI WHOLE-BODY EXPOSURES TO A PHOSPHORIC-ACIDS AEROSOL .1. SPONTANEOUS ACTIVITY EFFECTS IN WILD RODENT AND AVIAN SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID GUINEA-PIGS; RATS AB Two inhalation-chamber studies were conducted to assess acute (2-h out-of-chamber) and subacute (less-than-or-equal-to 6 d postexposure) spontaneous activity effects of whole-body phosphoric acids aerosol exposure(s) in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) and rock doves (Columba livia). The aerosol was generated using a red phosphorus/butyl rubber (RP/BR) mixture under development as a military obscurant. Each study involved (1) 3 RP/BR target concentration groups [0.0 (controls), 1.0, and 4.0 mg/L], (2) 24 prairie dogs or rock doves (8/group), with gender included as a factor (3) a successive 3-phase paradigm (2 d preexposure, 4 and 2 d of about 80 min/d exposures to RP/BR for prairie dogs and rock doves, respectively; and 6 d postexposure), and (4) infrared detection of the rodents'/birds' home-cage movements. In-chamber atmospheres were uniform and acceptable for all exposures; median aerosol mass concentrations ranged from 0.76 to 0.89 mg/L and 3.46 to 3.74 mg/L for the 1.0 and 4.0 mg/L groups, respectively, with median phosphoric acid (H3PO4) readings of between 67.2 and 74.3%; median particles were less-than-or-equal-to 0.85 mum. Mortality was negligible; no prairie dogs died, but 1 male rock dove died on d 3 postexposure to two 4.0 mg/L target concentrations of RP/BR aerosol. Group x session interactions were significant for the acute activity counts of both species. The acute mean ambulatory (e.g., walking) counts of prairie dogs and the acute mean ambulatory and horizontal (e.g., preening) counts of rock doves exposed to 4.0 mg/L RP/BR aerosol were relatively less than those of the other groups after the first 2 or 1 exposures, respectively Nevertheless, acute session means for all groups approximated or exceeded the 23 h/d activity measured during the pre- and postexposure phases-data indicating that chamber confinement caused a temporary, sharp increase in activity for both species irrespective of RP/BR aerosol concentrations. No RP/BR concentration-related, subacute shifts in the activity of the rodents/birds were observed RP STERNER, RT (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,ADC,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,FED CTR,BLDG 16,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD JUN PY 1993 VL 39 IS 2 BP 287 EP 308 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LG400 UT WOS:A1993LG40000009 PM 8501771 ER PT J AU KLEVAY, LM AF KLEVAY, LM TI ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE - NUTRITION OR PHARMACOTHERAPY SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS AND ELECTROLYTES IN HEALTH AND DISEASE LA English DT Review DE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; COPPER ID COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS; ABNORMAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAMS; DIETARY COPPER; PLASMA; CHOLESTEROL; MICE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; METABOLISM; DEPLETION; INDEXES AB There are many diseases of unknown etiology. Increasingly vibrant, contemporary research is attempting to associate trace element metabolism with some of these illnesses. Because trace elements can produce profound effects on health via enzymes, hormones and messenger molecules, analytical assessment must be directed toward these chemicals as well as to the trace elements. Element analysis may be directed best toward specific cells, tissues and organs. Copper deficiency is associated with the etiology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease via metabolic processes affecting cardiovascular health. Some drugs now used to treat heart disease affect copper metabolism but many other metabolic processes are unaffected by deficiency. It seems prudent to avoid diets containing amounts of copper that have been proved insufficient for people in controlled experiments. RP USDA ARS, GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, GRAND FORKS, ND 58202 USA. NR 88 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2838 J9 J TRACE ELEM ELECT H PD JUN PY 1993 VL 7 IS 2 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LX524 UT WOS:A1993LX52400001 PM 8219746 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, BH ZECH, LA SWANSON, CA LEVANDER, OA AF PATTERSON, BH ZECH, LA SWANSON, CA LEVANDER, OA TI KINETIC MODELING OF SELENIUM IN HUMANS USING STABLE-ISOTOPE TRACERS SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS AND ELECTROLYTES IN HEALTH AND DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD INTERNATIONAL SOC FOR TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH IN HUMANS / 4TH NORDIC TRACE ELEMENTS SYMP ON TRACE ELEMENTS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE CY MAY 24-29, 1992 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP INT SOC TRACE ELEMENT RES HUMANS DE COMPARTMENTAL MODELING; PHARMACOKINETICS; STABLE ISOTOPES; CANCER AB In a study undertaken to investigate the pharmacokinetics of selenium, 3 8 subjects each received a single 200 mug dose of either selenium (Se) as sodium selenite or as L-selenomethionine (SeMet). Plasma, urine and feces were collected for two weeks. Two kinetic models, one for each form, were developed. The Selenite Model includes absorption distributed along the GI tract, transport through 4 plasma components, a subsystem consisting of the liver and pancreas, and a slowly turning-over tissue pool. This model was used as a starting model for SeMet and modified. The amount of label absorbed was increased as was hepato-pancreatic uptake, a pathway from the plasma back to the liver was added that provided for recycling of label, and an additional tissue pool was incorporated into the model. Turnover times were shorter for SeMet than for selenite for the plasma, liver and pancreas, and the tissues, but far longer for the whole body; this reflects the recycling of SeMet, but not of selenite. Such reutilization could be advantageous as it allows the body to redistribute Se. C1 NCI,DCBD,MATH BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NCI,DCE,BIOSTAT BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP PATTERSON, BH (reprint author), NCI,BIOMETRY BRANCH,DCPC,EXECUT PLAZA N,ROOM 344,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2838 J9 J TRACE ELEM ELECT H PD JUN PY 1993 VL 7 IS 2 BP 117 EP 120 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LX524 UT WOS:A1993LX52400016 ER PT J AU HOUSE, C MEYER, RF AF HOUSE, C MEYER, RF TI THE DETECTION OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS IN OESOPHAGEALPHARYNGEAL SAMPLES BY A POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION TECHNIQUE SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; ESOPHAGEAL-PHARYNGEAL SAMPLE ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; AMPLIFICATION; ANTIBODIES; DNA AB A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect the presence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in oesophageal-pharyngeal (OP) samples from experimentally infected steers. Ten-fold dilutions of OP samples were also diluted, inoculated onto lamb kidney cell cultures, and incubated overnight. The cultures that did not show overt cytopathogenic effects (CPE) of FMDV infection were frozen and thawed; both the fluid and the cell pellet were tested by the PCR technique. The PCR detected FMDV in the fluids of 57% of the cell cultures inoculated with 2-20 tissue culture infective doses-50% (TCID50) and of 33% of cell cultures inoculated with the 0.4-2 TCID50. The PCR detected FMDV in cell pellets of all cell cultures inoculated with 20 TCID50, of 71% of cell cultures inoculated with 2-20 TCID50 and of 50% of cell cultures inoculated with 0.2-2 TCID50. A diagnostic scheme using PCR and cell culture that would provide rapid and sensitive detection of FMDV in OP samples is proposed. RP HOUSE, C (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,VS,APHIS,NVSL,FADDL,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JUN PY 1993 VL 43 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(93)90084-5 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA LG871 UT WOS:A1993LG87100001 PM 8395537 ER PT J AU CALVERT, JG NAZERIAN, K WITTER, RL YANAGIDA, N AF CALVERT, JG NAZERIAN, K WITTER, RL YANAGIDA, N TI FOWLPOX VIRUS RECOMBINANTS EXPRESSING THE ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN OF AN AVIAN RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS RETROVIRUS INDUCE NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES AND REDUCE VIREMIA IN CHICKENS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; HEMAGGLUTININ-NEURAMINIDASE GENE; VACCINIA VIRUS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; FUSION PROTEIN; DNA; VECTORS; CONSTRUCTION AB Eight stable fowlpox virus (FPV) recombinants which express the envelope glycoprotein of the spleen necrosis virus (SNV) strain of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), an avian retrovirus, were constructed. These recombinants differ in the genomic location of the inserted genes, in the orientation of the insert relative to flanking viral sequences, and in the promoter used to drive expression of the env gene. Of these variables, promoter strength seems to be the most crucial. The P7.5 promoter of vaccinia virus, which is commonly used in the construction of both vaccinia virus and FPV recombinants, resulted in lower levels of expression of the envelope antigen in infected chicken cells compared with a strong synthetic promoter, as determined by immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two peptides encoded by the env gene, the 21-kDa transmembrane peptide and a 62-kDa precursor, were detected by immunoprecipitation of labeled proteins from cells infected with recombinant FPVs, using monoclonal antibodies against REV. These peptides comigrated with those precipitated from REV-infected cells. One of the recombinants (f29R-SNenv) was used for vaccination of 1-day-old chickens. Vaccinated chicks developed neutralizing antibodies to SW more rapidly than did unvaccinated controls following SW challenge and were protected against both viremia and the SW-induced runting syndrome. C1 USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 54 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 67 IS 6 BP 3069 EP 3076 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA LB794 UT WOS:A1993LB79400012 PM 8388488 ER PT J AU GARDNER, HW SIMPSON, TD HAMBERG, M AF GARDNER, HW SIMPSON, TD HAMBERG, M TI TRANSFORMATION OF FATTY-ACID HYDROPEROXIDES BY ALKALI AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PRODUCTS SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID LINOLEIC-ACID AB It has previously been determined that (13S,9Z,11E)-13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid was mainly converted into (13S,9Z,11E)-13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid by 5 N KOH with preservation of the stereochemistry of the reactant [Simpson, T.D., and Gardner, H.W. (1993) Lipids 28, 325-330]. In addition, about 20-25% of the reactant was converted into several unknown by-products. In the present work it was confirmed that the stereochemistry was conserved during the hydroperoxy-diene to hydroxydiene transformation, but also, novel by-products were identified. It was found that after only 40 min reaction (9Z)-13-oxo-trans-11,12-epoxy-9-octadecenoic acid accumulated to as much as 7% of the total. Later, (9Z)-13-oxo-trans-11,12-epoxy-9-octadecenoic acid began to disappear, and several other compounds continued to increase in yield. Two of these compounds, 2-butyl-3,5-tetradecadienedioic acid and 2-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-tetradecenedioic acid, were shown to originate from (9Z)-13-oxo-trans-11,12-epoxy-9-octadecenoic acid, and they accumulated up to 2-3% each after 4 to 6 h. Some other lesser products included 11-hydroxy-9,12-heptadecadienoic acid, 3-hydroxy-4-tridecenedioic acid, 13-oxo-9,11-octadecadienoic acid and 12,13-epoxy-11-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid. Except for the latter two, most or all of the compounds could have originated from Favorskii rearrangement of the early product, (9Z)-13-oxo-trans-11,12-epoxy-9-octadecenoic acid, through a cyclopropanone intermediate. C1 KAROLINSKA INST,DEPT PHYSIOL CHEM,S-10401 STOCKHOLM 60,SWEDEN. RP GARDNER, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NCAUR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD JUN PY 1993 VL 28 IS 6 BP 487 EP 495 DI 10.1007/BF02536079 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA LG112 UT WOS:A1993LG11200003 ER PT J AU KELLEY, DS NELSON, GJ LOVE, JE BRANCH, LB TAYLOR, PC SCHMIDT, PC MACKEY, BE IACONO, JM AF KELLEY, DS NELSON, GJ LOVE, JE BRANCH, LB TAYLOR, PC SCHMIDT, PC MACKEY, BE IACONO, JM TI DIETARY ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID ALTERS TISSUE FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION, BUT NOT BLOOD-LIPIDS, LIPOPROTEINS OR COAGULATION STATUS IN HUMANS SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID FISH OIL; SERUM; CHOLESTEROL; MEN AB We examined the effect of dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on the indices of lipid and coagulation status and on the fatty acid composition of serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMNC) lipids in ten healthy men (age 21-37 yr) who consumed all their meals at the Western Human Nutrition Research Center for 126 d. There was a stabilization period of 14 d at the start when all 10 subjects consumed the basal diet (BD) containing 23.4 energy percent (en%) fat and two intervention periods of 56 d each. During the first intervention period, 5 subjects consumed the BD containing 23.4 en% fat, and 5 subjects consumed a diet providing 6.3% calories from alpha-linolenic acid [flaxseed oil (FSO) diet containing 28.8 en% fat]. Diets were crossed over between the two groups during the second intervention period. Feeding the FSO diet did not significantly alter serum triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, apoprotein A-I and apoprotein B when compared to the corresponding values in the subjects fed the BD, nor was there any effect of the FSO diet on the bleeding time, prothrombin time and partial prothrombin time for these subjects. Feeding the ALA-containing diet did cause a significant increase in ALA concentration in serum (P < 0.001) and PBMNC lipids (P < 0.05). It also caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acid contents of PBMNC lipids, and a decrease (P < 0.01) in linoleic and eicosatrienoic acid contents of serum lipids. Thus, dietary ALA, fed for 56 d at 6.3% of calories, had no effect on plasma triglyceride or very low density lipoprotein levels or the common risk factors associated with atherosclerosis, although these parameters have been reported by others to be influenced by fatty acids, such as palmitic or linoleic acids, in the diet. Dietary ALA did significantly alter the fatty acid composition of plasma and PBMNC. C1 LETTERMAN ARMY MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL & ALLERGY CLIN,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. USDA ARS,WRRC,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP KELLEY, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 27 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD JUN PY 1993 VL 28 IS 6 BP 533 EP 537 DI 10.1007/BF02536085 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA LG112 UT WOS:A1993LG11200009 PM 8102770 ER PT J AU OLIVER, MJ FERGUSON, DL BURKE, JJ VELTEN, J AF OLIVER, MJ FERGUSON, DL BURKE, JJ VELTEN, J TI INHIBITION OF TOBACCO NADH-HYDROXYPYRUVATE REDUCTASE BY EXPRESSION OF A HETEROLOGOUS ANTISENSE RNA DERIVED FROM A CUCUMBER CDNA - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ANTISENSE RNAS SO MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE NADH-HYDROXYPYRUVATE REDUCTASE (HPR); HETEROLOGOUS ANTISENSE RNA; ANTISENSE RNA INHIBITION; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO ID ANTI-SENSE RNA; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; FLOWER PIGMENTATION; NOPALINE SYNTHASE; MESSENGER-RNA; TRANSFORMATION; CELLS; TOMATOES; PROTEIN AB Tobacco plants were genetically transformed to generate antisense RNA from a gene construct comprised of a full-length cucumber NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR) cDNA placed in reverse orientation between the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and a nopaline synthase termination/polyadenylation signal sequence. In vivo accumulation of antisense HPR RNA within eight independent transgenic tobacco plants resulted in reductions of up to 50% in both native HPR activity and protein accumulation relative to untransformed tobacco plants (mean transgenote HPR activity = 67% wild type, mean transgenote HPR protein = 63% wild type). However, in contrast to previous reports describing antisense RNA effects in plants, production of the heterologous HPR antisense RNA did not systematically reduce levels of native tobacco HPR mRNA (mean transgenote HPR mRNA level = 135% wild type). Simple regression comparison of the steady-state levels of tobacco HPR mRNA to those of HPR antisense RNA showed a weak positive correlation (r value of 0. 548, n = 9; n is wild type control plus eight independent transformants; significant at 85% confidence level), supporting the conclusion that native mRNA levels were not reduced within antisense plants. Although all transgenic antisense plants examined displayed an apparent reduction in both tobacco HPR protein and enzyme activity, there is no clear correlation between HPR activity and the amount of either sense (r = 0.267, n = 9) or antisense RNA (r = 0. 1 75, n = 9). This compares to a weak positive correlation between HPR mRNA levels and the amount of HPR activity observed in wild-type SR1 tobacco plants (r = 0.603, n = 5). The results suggest that in vivo production of this heterologous HPR antisense RNA is inhibitory at the level of HPR-specific translation and produces its effect in a manner not dependent upon, nor resulting in, a reduction in steady-state native HPR mRNA levels. In this context, the observed antisense effect appears to differ mechanistically from most antisense systems described to date. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,PLANT GENET ENGN,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP OLIVER, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,PLANT STRESS & WATER CONSERVAT UNIT,LUBBOCK,TX 79401, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM0766712] NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0026-8925 J9 MOL GEN GENET JI Mol. Gen. Genet. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 239 IS 3 BP 425 EP 434 DI 10.1007/BF00276941 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA LG711 UT WOS:A1993LG71100013 PM 8316213 ER PT J AU FANG, QQ BLACK, WC BLOCKER, HD WHITCOMB, RF AF FANG, QQ BLACK, WC BLOCKER, HD WHITCOMB, RF TI A PHYLOGENY OF NEW-WORLD DELTOCEPHALUS-LIKE LEAFHOPPER GENERA BASED ON MITOCHONDRIAL-16S RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID HONEY BEES; DROSOPHILA; INHERITANCE; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; RNA C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI, DEPT ENTOMOL, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. COLORADO STATE UNIV, ARTHROPOD BORNE & INFECT DIS LAB, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 44 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 2 IS 2 BP 119 EP 131 DI 10.1006/mpev.1993.1012 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA MH205 UT WOS:A1993MH20500004 PM 8025719 ER PT J AU HENDRIKSEN, PJM TIEMAN, M VANDERLENDE, T JOHNSON, LA AF HENDRIKSEN, PJM TIEMAN, M VANDERLENDE, T JOHNSON, LA TI BINDING OF ANTI-H-Y MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES TO SEPARATED X-CHROMOSOME AND Y-CHROMOSOME BEARING PORCINE AND BOVINE SPERM SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE SPERM; SEXING; H-Y ANTIGEN; ANTI-H-Y MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY; MOUSE SPERM; SPERMATOZOA; SEX; DNA; RABBITS; CELLS; BOAR AB Studies designed to answer the question whether or not H-Y antigen is preferentially expressed on Y chromosome bearing sperm have resulted in conflicting results. This is probably due to the absence of reliable methods for estimating the percentage of X and Y chromosome bearing sperm in fractions, enriched or depleted for H-Y antigen positive sperm. In recent years a reliable method for separating X and Y chromosome bearing sperm has been published. With this method, separation is achieved by using a flow cytometer/cell sorter, which detects differences in DNA content. This technique provided the first opportunity for testing anti-H-Y antibody binding to fractions enriched for X and Y chromosme bearing sperm, directly. A total of 7 anti-H-Y monoclonal antibodies were tested using sorted porcine sperm and in one experiment also sorted bovine sperm. All monoclonal antibodies bound only a fraction of the sperm (20 to 50%). However, no difference in binding to the X and Y sperm enriched fractions was found. Therefore, the present experiments do not yield evidence that H-Y antigen is preferentially expressed in Y chromosome bearing sperm. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HENDRIKSEN, PJM (reprint author), DLO SCHOONOORD,IVO,AGR RES DEPT,ANIM PROD RES INST,DEPT IMMUNOBIOL,POB 501,3700 AM ZEIST,NETHERLANDS. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 35 IS 2 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1002/mrd.1080350213 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA LD313 UT WOS:A1993LD31300012 PM 8318224 ER PT J AU ELSAYED, GN IGNOFFO, CM LEATHERS, TD GUPTA, SC AF ELSAYED, GN IGNOFFO, CM LEATHERS, TD GUPTA, SC TI INSECT CUTICLE AND YEAST EXTRACT EFFECTS ON GERMINATION, GROWTH, AND PRODUCTION OF HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES BY NOMURAEA-RILEYI SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; GERMINATION; GROWTH; HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES; INSECT CUTICLE; NOMURAEA-RILEYI ID VIRULENCE; CONIDIA AB Larval cuticle of Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea and yeast extract added to a minimal medium (MM) induced germination of conidia of Nomuraea rileyi whereas sterile distilled water or MM alone did not. Yeast extract increased mycelial yield, but when cuticle was added, mycelial yield significantly decreased. Proteases and chitinases of N. rileyi were only expressed when cuticle was added to the MM. C1 USDA ARS,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES CTR,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP ELSAYED, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,POB 7629,RES PK,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD JUN PY 1993 VL 122 IS 3 BP 143 EP 147 DI 10.1007/BF01103474 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA LU047 UT WOS:A1993LU04700003 ER PT J AU ELSAYED, GN IGNOFFO, CM LEATHERS, TD GUPTA, SC AF ELSAYED, GN IGNOFFO, CM LEATHERS, TD GUPTA, SC TI EFFECTS OF CUTICLE SOURCE AND CONCENTRATION ON EXPRESSION OF HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES BY AN ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS, NOMURAEA-RILEYI SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CHITINASES; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; INSECT CUTICLE; NOMURAEA-RILEYI; PROTEASES ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; EXTRACELLULAR PROTEASE; CHITINOLYTIC ACTIVITY; INSECT CUTICLE; VIRULENCE; CHITINASE AB The effects of cuticle from larvae of Trichoplusia ni and Helicoverpa (= Heliothis) zea on expression of proteases and chitinases by germinating conidia of Nomuraea rileyi in submerged cultures were studied. Increasing the concentration of T. ni or H. zea cuticle resulted in a 13- and 15-fold increase in protease activity, respectively. Endochitinase and N-acetylglucosaminidase activity on the T. ni and H. zea substrates increased as cuticular concentrations increased to 2.5%, then stabilized or decreased thereafter. The simultaneous expression of both proteases and chitinases suggests that they are controlled by a multiple-regulatory system. C1 USDA ARS,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP ELSAYED, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,POB 7629,RES PK,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD JUN PY 1993 VL 122 IS 3 BP 149 EP 152 DI 10.1007/BF01103475 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA LU047 UT WOS:A1993LU04700004 ER PT J AU GRIFFIN, GD AF GRIFFIN, GD TI DIFFERENTIAL HOST RESPONSE OF ALFALFA TO PRATYLENCHUS-PENETRANS AND P-NEGLECTUS POPULATIONS SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; MEDICAGO-SATIVA; PRATYLENCHUS-NEGLECTUS; PRATYLENCHUS-PENETRANS; REPRODUCTIVE INDEX; ROOT LESION NEMATODE; SHOOT WEIGHT; TEMPERATURE; VIRULENCE AB In a 139-day greenhouse experiment at 24 +/- 3-degrees-C, Pratylenchus penetrans populations from alfalfa in southern (PP1) and central Utah (PP2) were more virulent to 'Lahontan' alfalfa than were P. neglectus populations from alfalfa in northern (PN1) and central Utah (PN2). PP1 and PP2 did not differ in virulence or reproduction, but PN1 was more virulent and had a higher reproductive index than PN2. For all populations, there were negative correlations between inoculum density and dry shoot weight, as well as between inoculum density and dry root weight. There were positive correlations between root growth and nematode reproduction. In environmental growth chambers at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, and 30-degrees-C, differences between the effects of the populations on alfalfa in growth chambers at all temperatures were generally similar to those observed in the greenhouse. However, the optimum temperature for alfalfa growth was near 25-degrees-C whereas the optimum temperature for nematode reproduction and pathogenicity in all cases was near 30-degrees-C. At 30-degrees-C, both P. penetrans populations and the P. neglectus population PN1 caused considerable damage to alfalfa. RP GRIFFIN, GD (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD JUN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LH680 UT WOS:A1993LH68000005 ER PT J AU WINDHAM, GL WINDHAM, MT PEDERSON, GA AF WINDHAM, GL WINDHAM, MT PEDERSON, GA TI INTERACTION OF TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM, MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA, AND MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA ON TRIFOLIUM-REPENS SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Note RP WINDHAM, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD JUN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 99 EP 103 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LH680 UT WOS:A1993LH68000014 ER PT J AU KEHAYIAS, JJ ZHUANG, H AF KEHAYIAS, JJ ZHUANG, H TI USE OF THE ZETATRON D-T NEUTRON GENERATOR FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF CARBON, OXYGEN, AND HYDROGEN IN-VIVO IN HUMANS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON THE APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY CY NOV 02-05, 1992 CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX SP US DOE, NATL SCI FDN, OAK RIDGE ASSOC UNIV, UNIV N TEXAS HO UNIV N TEXAS ID TOTAL-BODY CARBON; NITROGEN AB A small sealed D-T neutron generator is used for the pulsed (4-8 kHz) production of fast neutrons. Carbon and oxygen are detected in vivo by counting the 4.44 and 6.13 MeV gamma rays resulting from the inelastic scattering of the fast neutrons. Hydrogen is detected by thermal neutron capture. BGO detectors (127 mm diameter x 76 mm thick) were found more tolerant to neutron exposure and improved the signal to background ratio for the carbon detection by a factor of 6, compared to 152 x 152 mm NaI(Tl). The elemental analysis of the body is used to study the changes of body composition with aging. We investigate the causes of depletion of lean body mass and the development of ways of maintaining functional capacity and quality of life of the elderly. RP KEHAYIAS, JJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,USDA,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUN PY 1993 VL 79 IS 1-4 BP 555 EP 559 DI 10.1016/0168-583X(93)95412-X PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA LH984 UT WOS:A1993LH98400146 ER PT J AU TURCK, D FESTE, AS LIFSCHITZ, CH AF TURCK, D FESTE, AS LIFSCHITZ, CH TI AGE AND DIET AFFECT THE COMPOSITION OF PORCINE COLONIC MUCINS SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICA; INTESTINAL MUCINS; RAT; CHROMATOGRAPHY; GLYCOPROTEIN; MUCUS; ADHERENCE; HEALTH; CELLS AB Colonic mucins may serve as a defense mechanism by binding bacterial, viral, or dietary lectins, thereby preventing them from attaching to the intestinal epithelium. Presumably, the composition of the mucins would be responsible for this phenomenon, and the composition of mucins from mature mammals would be the most effective in binding lectins. To determine whether differences in diet and/or age affect the composition of colonic mucins, we scraped fresh colonic mucosae from pigs at 0 (n = 3), 7 (n = 3), 21 (n = 3), and 180 (n = 3) d of age and purified the mucins from these mucosal scrapings. Mucins were purified by ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease digestion, high-performance size-exclusion chromatography, and cesium chloride density-gradient ultracentrifugation. The 180-d-old pig was considered mature. No changes were observed in any of the variables analyzed in the 7-d-old animals. No changes were observed in quantities of galactosamine and galactose. The amounts of fucose and glucosamine increased by 165 and 37%, respectively, (p < 0.05) from d 0 to d 21 in the sow-fed animals, at which time fucose and glucosamine content were 48 and 22% greater, respectively, than in the 21-d-old, artificially fed group (p < 0.05). A further significant increase in fucose content was observed in the mucins from mature animals. The sulfate content in the 21-d-old, sow-fed animals was significantly lower than in both the newborn and the 21-d-old artificially fed animals. The sulfate content in all three of these groups, however, was significantly higher than that observed in the mucins of mature animals. At 21 d of age, the protein content was significantly lower than at birth for both diet groups but significantly higher than in the mucins of mature pigs. The evidence indicates that the composition of colonic mucins in 21-d-old sow-fed pigs was more mature than that in the artificially fed counterparts, with respect to fucose, glucosamine, and sulfate. Therefore, if a mature mucin composition is, in fact, a more effective defense against intestinal infection, breast-fed animals may have an advantage over young artificially fed animals. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 28 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 6 BP 564 EP 567 DI 10.1203/00006450-199306000-00005 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA LF442 UT WOS:A1993LF44200005 PM 8378112 ER PT J AU COOKE, TJ HICKOK, LG VANDERWOUDE, WJ BANKS, JA SCOTT, RJ AF COOKE, TJ HICKOK, LG VANDERWOUDE, WJ BANKS, JA SCOTT, RJ TI PHOTOBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A SPORE GERMINATION MUTANT DKG1 WITH REVERSED PHOTOREGULATION IN THE FERN CERATOPTERIS-RICHARDII SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG HYPOCOTYL MUTANTS; PHOTOMORPHOGENETIC MUTANTS; PHYTOCHROME CONTENT; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; HIGHER-PLANTS; AUREA MUTANT; ARABIDOPSIS; RESPONSES; LIGHT; TOMATO AB This paper describes the mutant dkg1 in the fern Ceratopteris richardii, which shows rapid germination in darkness but is markedly inhibited by white light. Action spectra plotted at 10 nm intervals from 400 to 800 nm are presented for germination responses of wild-type and mutant spores to photon flux densities of 0.004, 0.04 and 0.4 mumol/m2/s. The action spectra for wild-type spores exhibit a sharp phytochrome-mediated peak at 660 nm, a broad peak from 670 to 740 nm resulting from an apparent high irradiance response and no germination below 560 nm. In the corresponding action spectra for mutant spores, the blue region displays rather complex fine structure with prominent minima at 450 and 470 nm, which suggests that cryptochrome is unaltered in these spores. The region from 550 to 640 nm shows the greatest inhibition of spore germination, but this region exhibits no obvious fine structure, which argues rather strongly against the possibility of a unique photoreceptor being active in mutant spores. The mutant spectra resemble the wild-type spectra in the region from 650 to 800 nm, and thus phytochrome seems normal in the mutant spores. The dkg1 mutation appears to act late in the phytochrome transduction pathway where a hypothetical coupling protein may regulate the light-sensitive step in spore germination. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT BOT,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. WHEATON COLL,DEPT BIOL,WHEATON,IL 60187. RP COOKE, TJ (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1032 EP 1041 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1993.tb02967.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA LL336 UT WOS:A1993LL33600018 ER PT J AU RIGGAN, PJ BRASS, JA LOCKWOOD, RN AF RIGGAN, PJ BRASS, JA LOCKWOOD, RN TI ASSESSING FIRE EMISSIONS FROM TROPICAL SAVANNA AND FORESTS OF CENTRAL BRAZIL SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS AB Wildfires in tropical forest and savanna are a strong source of trace gas and particulate emissions to the atmosphere, but estimates of the continental-scale impacts are limited by large uncertainties in the rates of fire occurrence and biomass combustion. Satellite-based remote sensing offers promise for characterizing fire physical properties and impacts on the environment, but currently available sensors saturate over high-radiance targets and provide only indications of regions and times at which fires are extensive and their areal rate of growth as recorded in ash layers. Here we describe an approach combining satellite- and aircraft-based remote sensing with in situ measurements of smoke to estimate emissions from central Brazil. These estimates will improve global accounting of radiation-absorbing gases and particulates that may be contributing to climate change and will provide strategic data for fire management. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,ECOSYST SCI & TECHNOL BRANCH,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. RP RIGGAN, PJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,FOREST FIRE LAB,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 59 IS 6 BP 1009 EP 1015 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA LH904 UT WOS:A1993LH90400012 ER PT J AU GROOM, QJ KRAMER, DM CROFTS, AR ORT, DR AF GROOM, QJ KRAMER, DM CROFTS, AR ORT, DR TI THE NONPHOTOCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF PLASTOQUINONE IN LEAVES SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CHLORORESPIRATION; FLASH FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; BUNDLE SHEATH-CELLS; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; ISOLATED-CHLOROPLASTS; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; DARK; POOL; ACCEPTOR AB Although it is generally assumed that the plastoquinone pool of thylakoid membranes in leaves of higher plants is rapidly oxidized upon darkening, this is often not the case. A multiflash kinetic fluorimeter was used to monitor the redox state of the plastoquinone pool in leaves. It was found that in many species of plants, particularly those using the NAD-malic enzyme C4 system of photosynthesis, the pool actually became more reduced following a light to dark transition. In some Amaranthus species, plastoquinone remained reduced in the dark for several hours. Far red light, which preferentially drives Photosystem I turnover, could effectively oxidize the plastoquinone pool. Plastoquinone was re-reduced in the dark within a few seconds when far red illumination was removed. The underlying mechanism of the dark reduction of the plastoquinone pool is still uncertain but may involve chlororespiratory activity. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,190 PABL,1201 W GREGORY DR,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DIV BIOPHYS,URBANA,IL 61801. OI Groom, Quentin/0000-0002-0596-5376 NR 35 TC 74 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1007/BF00033039 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LP406 UT WOS:A1993LP40600005 PM 24318924 ER PT J AU ISRAEL, DW AF ISRAEL, DW TI SYMBIOTIC DINITROGEN FIXATION AND HOST-PLANT GROWTH DURING DEVELOPMENT OF AND RECOVERY FROM PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; DINITROGEN FIXATION; GLYCINE-MAX; PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY; SOYBEAN ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; SOYBEAN PLANTS; TRANSPORT; NITRATE; STRESS AB Characterization of nodule growth and function, phosphorus and nitrogen status of plant tissues and host-plant-growth of nodulated soybean (Glycine mar L. Merr.) plants developing and recovering from phosphorus deficiency was used to evaluate the role of phosphorus in symbiotic dinitrogen fixation. The sequence of physiological responses during recovery from phosphorus deficiency was; (1) rapid uptake of phosphorus, (2) rapid increases in the phosphorus concentration of leaves and nodules, (3) enhanced growth and function of nodules, (4) increased nitrogen concentrations in all plant organs and (5) enhanced plant growth. The sequence of physiological responses to onset of phosphorus deficiency was; (1) decreased phosphorus uptake, (2) decreased phosphorus concentrations in leaves and nodules, (3) decreased nodule function, (4) decreased nitrogen concentration in plant organs and (5) decreased plant growth. These results, in conjunction with previously published data (Sa and Israel, Plant Physiol. 97: 928-935, 1991), support an interpretation that the total response of symbiotic dinitrogen fixation in soybean plants to altered phosphorus supply is a function of both indirect effects on host-plant growth and more direct effects on the metabolic function of nodules. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT PHYSIOL PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP ISRAEL, DW (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL SCI,BOX 7619,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 19 TC 34 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 6 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 88 IS 2 BP 294 EP 300 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1993.880213.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LK476 UT WOS:A1993LK47600013 ER PT J AU DARNETTY LESLIE, JF MUTHUKRISHNAN, S SWEGLE, M VIGERS, AJ SELITRENNIKOFF, CP AF DARNETTY LESLIE, JF MUTHUKRISHNAN, S SWEGLE, M VIGERS, AJ SELITRENNIKOFF, CP TI VARIABILITY IN ANTIFUNGAL PROTEINS IN THE GRAINS OF MAIZE, SORGHUM AND WHEAT SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE ANTIFUNGAL PROTEINS; BETA-GLUCANASES; CHITINASES; PERMATINS; RIBOSOME INACTIVATING PROTEINS ID PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION; GERMINATING BARLEY; CHITINASES; PLANT; 1,3-BETA-GLUCANASES; BETA-1,3-GLUCANASE; LOCALIZATION; TOBACCO; SIGNALS AB Crude protein extracts were made from kernels of 12 cultivars each of maize, sorghum and wheat. These preparations were fractionated on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels and subjected to Western blot analyses. Bands corresponding to chitinases and beta-glucanases were identified immunologically (Western blots) and on activity gels. Ribosome Inactivating Protein(s) (RIP) and permatins were identified immunologically. In maize, two chitinase bands (25-29 kDa) were seen in all cultivars, and a third band of about 23 kDa was detected in 7 of the 12 cultivars. Two or three beta-glucanase bands of sizes between 24 and 36 kDa (probably a mixture of 1,3-beta- and 1,3-1,4-beta-glucanases) were detected in blots of SDS gels, and one band was detected in activity gels (1,3-beta-glucanase). In sorghum, one chitinase band of approximately 29 kDa, and two or three additional bands ranging in size from 21-24 kDa were observed. Only one beta-glucanase band was identified, with an estimated molecular weight of 30 kDa. All bands that appeared on Western blots of SDS gels corresponded to bands detected on activity gels. In wheat, one chitinase band of around 20 kDa, one beta-glucanase band of about 30 kDa and one RIP band of about 30 kDa were identified. Permatins (molecular weight about 22 kDa) were identified in maize, sorghum and wheat, with the different cultivars having varying amounts of permatins. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. ANDALAS UNIV, FAC AGR, DEPT PLANT PESTS & DIS, PADANG, INDONESIA. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI, DEPT BIOCHEM, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, PLANT MOLEC BIOL UNIT, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. UNIV COLORADO, HLTH SCI CTR, DEPT CELLULAR & STRUCT BIOL, DENVER, CO 80262 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0031-9317 EI 1399-3054 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 88 IS 2 BP 339 EP 349 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb05508.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LK476 UT WOS:A1993LK47600019 ER PT J AU KRIZEK, DT KRAMER, GF UPADHYAYA, A MIRECKI, RM AF KRIZEK, DT KRAMER, GF UPADHYAYA, A MIRECKI, RM TI UV-B RESPONSE OF CUCUMBER SEEDLINGS GROWN UNDER METAL HALIDE AND HIGH-PRESSURE SODIUM DELUXE LAMPS SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE BIOMASS PRODUCTION; CATALASE; CUCUMBER; CUCUMIS-SATIVUS; LEAF GROWTH; PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; POLYAMINES; SPECTRAL QUALITY; STEM ELONGATION; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; UV-B RADIATION ID PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; FUNGAL ELICITOR; LIGHT; RADIATION; PLANTS; LEAVES; CELLS; BIOSYNTHESIS; SENSITIVITY AB UV-B-sensitive (Poinsett) and -insensitive (Ashley) cultivars of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were grown in growth chambers at 600 mumol m-2 s-1 of photosynthetically active radiation provided by metal halide (MH) or high pressure sodium/deluxe (HPS/DX) lamps. Plants were irradiated 15 days from seeding for 6 h per day under 18.2 kJ m-2 day-1 of biologically effective UV-B (UV-B(BE)) radiation. One of the most pronounced effects of UV-B was a 27 to 78% increase in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity. UV-B also increased total polyamines. Catalase and superoxide dismutase varied greatly in their response to UV-B. There were no interactive effects on PAL or catalase activity, or total polyamines. There was a UV x PAR source interaction for superoxide dismutase activity. UV-B increased chlorosis and decreased height, dry weight and leaf area. Stem elongation, biomass production, leaf enlargement and chlorosis were greater under HPS/DX lamps than under MH lamps. Chlorosis was greater in Poinsett than in Ashley and in lower leaves than in upper. ones. Aside from chlorosis, there were no interactive effects of UV-B, PAR source or cultivar on any of the growth parameters measured, suggesting that the growth response of cucumber seedlings to UV-B is unaffected by PAR source or cultivar. Similarly, except for SOD activity, the biochemical response to UV-B was also not influenced by PAR source or cultivar. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP KRIZEK, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 43 TC 63 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 7 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 88 IS 2 BP 350 EP 358 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1993.880220.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LK476 UT WOS:A1993LK47600020 ER PT J AU BAER, DJ RUMPLER, WV BARNES, RE KRESSLER, LL HOWE, JC HAINES, TE AF BAER, DJ RUMPLER, WV BARNES, RE KRESSLER, LL HOWE, JC HAINES, TE TI MEASUREMENT OF BODY-COMPOSITION OF LIVE RATS BY ELECTROMAGNETIC CONDUCTANCE SO PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE TOTAL BODY ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE (TOBEC); BODY COMPOSITION; BODY FAT; LEAN BODY MASS ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; WATER; FAT AB Measurement of body composition in vivo is important in many nutritional studies. One method for estimating body composition is total body electrical conductance (TOBEC). The TOBEC methodology is based on measuring changes of an electromagnetic field that are proportional to lean body mass (LBM). Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 117) ranging in age from 49 to 105 days were measured by TOBEC, and the TOBEC results were compared with direct carcass chemical analyses. The rats ranged in weight from 155 to 500 g. Mean LBM was 92.4% of total body weight (b.wt.), and mean body fat was 7.4% of total b.wt. Mean hydration of LBM was 71.7% and decreased (r = -0.59, p < 0.0001) with age. Using the manufacturer's supplied equation, TOBEC measurement underestimated actual LBM by 12% (p < 0.0001). As a consequence of this error, a new prediction equation was generated using half of the data set, and this equation was cross-validated with the other half of the data set. The mean LBM calculated from the new prediction equation was not different from chemically determined LBM, but the estimated percent body fat of some rats was negative. Thus, TOBEC may be useful in predicting mean LBM of a population, but this indirect method may lack the sensitivity to provide accurate estimates of body composition of an individual. RP BAER, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BHNRC,EPNL,BLDG 308,ROOM 226,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9384 J9 PHYSIOL BEHAV JI Physiol. Behav. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1195 EP 1199 DI 10.1016/0031-9384(93)90379-T PG 5 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA LE124 UT WOS:A1993LE12400024 PM 8346305 ER PT J AU REN, HZ MADISON, JT THOMPSON, JF AF REN, HZ MADISON, JT THOMPSON, JF TI IDENTIFICATION OF AN ETHANOL-SOLUBLE PROTEIN AS BETA-AMYLASE AND ITS PURIFICATION FROM SOYBEAN SEEDS SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE-MAX; FABACEAE; SOYBEAN; BETA-AMYLASE; PURIFICATION; SEEDS; ETHANOL SOLUBILITY ID CHROMATOGRAPHY; DERIVATIZATION; INHIBITORS AB In the 60% ethanol extract of soybean seeds, a prominent protein band was visible after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which had a molecular weight of about 55 x 10(3) M(r). This protein was purified to homogeneity by buffered ethanol extraction and preparatory gel electrophoresis. Since the N-terminus was apparently blocked, the protein was cleaved with cyanogen bromide and the largest fragment was isolated and a partial sequence determined. The sequence of the 27 N-terminal amino acid residues matched a published soybean beta-amylase peptide sequence. In addition, the purified protein had a high specific activity for beta-amylase and was not a glycoprotein. Furthermore, the partial sequence (106 nucleotides) of a cDNA clone, isolated from a soybean seed cDNA library by antibody screening, matched the cDNA sequence of soybean beta-amylase except for one base. Therefore, the ethanol-soluble protein was identified as beta-amylase. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity using a two-step purification procedure with a yield of over 50%. C1 CORNELL UNIV,PLANT BIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 535 EP 539 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(93)85444-V PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA LK315 UT WOS:A1993LK31500003 PM 7763795 ER PT J AU REN, HZ THOMPSON, JF MADISON, JT AF REN, HZ THOMPSON, JF MADISON, JT TI BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL-STUDIES OF SOYBEAN BETA-AMYLASE SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE-MAX; FABACEAE; SOYBEAN; AMYLASE; SEED; ETHANOL SOLUBILITY ID PROTEIN; WHEAT; BARLEY; POLYPEPTIDE; INHIBITORS; METABOLISM; COTYLEDONS; TISSUES; SEEDS; FORMS AB Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) seed beta-amylase has been identified among the ethanol-soluble proteins, purified and several cDNA clones isolated [Ren et al. (1993) Phytochemistry 33, 535]. Both soybean and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Beta-amylases were soluble in ethanol solutions up to 60%. The solubility of the enzyme decreased with increasing ethanol concentration and dropped sharply between 50 and 60% ethanol. The results showed that beta-amylase is an enzyme which can tolerate extensive ethanol treatment at room temperature without losing activity. In soybean seeds, beta-amylase appeared to be located neither in protein bodies nor in a membrane fraction. The beta-amylase accumulated in the developing seed and disappeared from the germinating cotyledons at a rate similar to that of the total seed protein. Soybean beta-amylase was resistant to digestion by some proteases, such as trypsin, chymotrypsin and a protease from Staphylococcus aureus V8. Very little of the total amylase activity in soybean leaves and roots was ethanol soluble. In eight other legume seeds tested, amylase activity was very low compared to the activity present in soybean seeds. C1 CORNELL UNIV,PLANT BIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 541 EP 545 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(93)85445-W PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA LK315 UT WOS:A1993LK31500004 ER PT J AU JACKS, TJ HINOJOSA, O AF JACKS, TJ HINOJOSA, O TI SUPEROXIDE RADICALS IN INTACT TISSUES AND IN DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE-BASED EXTRACTS SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CYPERUS-ROTUNDUS; CYPERACEAE; GLYCINE MAX; LEGUMINOSEAE; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; MALVACEAE; LIGUSTRUM-VULGARE; OLEACEAE; PINUS-ECHINATA; PINACEAE; ZEA-MAYS; GRAMINEAE; ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE; FREE RADICALS; SUPEROXIDE; ASCORBATE ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RES; HYDROXYL RADICALS; ASCORBIC-ACID; SPIN; DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE; SULFOXIDE; OXIDATION; KINETICS; PLANTS; ANION AB Steady state contents of free radicals were investigated in intact living tissues and in tissue extracts prepared with dimethyl sulphoxide-tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (DMSO-TBAP). DMSO-TBAP was suitable for extraction because free radical artifacts were not generated and hydrous superoxide was both stable and readily spin-trapped for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry. Intact leaves and roots contained an unresolved radical and paramagnetic manganese. Superoxide was EPR-silent in whole tissues but was spin-trapped in extracts of roots where its steady-state concentration in vivo was approximately 10(-5) M. Ascorbyl radicals were generated upon alkalization of whole tissues and by comminution of tissues in DMSO-TBAP. Aprotic sites for the storage of superoxide in vivo are considered and a role for storage is discussed in regards to cytochemical defence mechanisms of plant protection. RP JACKS, TJ (reprint author), USDA,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 563 EP 568 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(93)85449-2 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA LK315 UT WOS:A1993LK31500008 ER PT J AU WELZ, HG LEONARD, KJ AF WELZ, HG LEONARD, KJ TI PHENOTYPIC VARIATION AND PARASITIC FITNESS OF RACES OF COCHLIOBOLUS-CARBONUM ON CORN IN NORTH-CAROLINA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIPOLARIS-ZEICOLA; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-EARBONUM; MAIZE ID PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; POPULATIONS; BIPOLARIS; DIVERSITY AB Two field populations of Cochliobolus carbonum on corn (Zea mays) in the piedmont of North Carolina, where races 2 and 3 coexist, were sampled repeatedly (four times during 51 days in the Wilkes County field and three times during 32 days in the Yadkin County field) during 1987. Isolates were tested for lesion type and several polymorphic traits, including mating type, fertility, and fungicide tolerance. The relative fitness of race 3, as determined from frequency changes, was significantly lower than the fitness of race 2 in each field. The fitness values of race 3, with an estimated generation time of 7 days, were 0.82 and 0.84 versus 1.0 for race 2. A third race, race 0, was also common in the Wilkes County field and had a relative fitness of 0.42. The mean frequency of race 3 was 29% in the Wilkes County field, 30% in the Yadkin County field, and 92% in a third field in the Appalachian Mountains in Tennessee that was sampled only once in 1987. These data show that the frequency of race 3 in the piedmont and mountains changed little from 1977 to 1987, and parasitic fitness alone cannot account for the distribution of race 3. The frequencies of seven polymorphic traits and the genetic diversity within races 2 and 3 remained stable over the 1987 sampling period, and race frequencies changed, suggesting the phenotypic traits are selectively neutral. As in previous years, trait frequencies differed significantly between races, indicating their genetic isolation. Within races, however, there was evidence that sexual reproduction may have occurred. In races 0 and 3, there were no indications of gametic phase disequilibrium typical of asexual populations. In race 2, there were no significant associations of pairs of traits, but some phenotypes occurred significantly more frequently than was expected based on the frequencies of their component traits. Also, there were significant differences in phenotype frequencies between mating types MAT-1 and MAT-2 in race 2. The two mating types differed more from a 1:1 ratio in race 2 than in races 0 and 3, suggesting that sex may be less important in race 2 than in races 0 and 3. C1 UNIV GIESSEN,TROPENINST,W-6300 GIESSEN,GERMANY. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP WELZ, HG (reprint author), UNIV STUTTGART,FSP BIOTECHNOL & PFLANZENZUCHTUNG,WISSENSCH LICHER MITARBEITER,HOHENHEIM 762,W-7000 STUTTGART 70,GERMANY. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 1993 VL 83 IS 6 BP 593 EP 601 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-593 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LN334 UT WOS:A1993LN33400003 ER PT J AU GRAJALMARTIN, MJ SIMON, CJ MUEHLBAUER, FJ AF GRAJALMARTIN, MJ SIMON, CJ MUEHLBAUER, FJ TI USE OF RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) TO CHARACTERIZE RACE 2 OF FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM F SP PISI SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FUSARIUM WILT OF PEAS ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; RIBOSOMAL-PROTEINS; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; MITOCHONDRIAL; STRAINS; MARKERS AB Genetic variability within four races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi was assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Banding patterns generated from isolates of race 2 by 14 selected primers were uniform relative to patterns generated from races 1, 5, and 6. Isolates of races 1, 5, and 6 showed much greater variability within each race than did isolates of race 2. The high level of genetic variability among and within races of F. o. pisi allowed for fingerprinting of most of the isolates by examining patterns produced by several primers. Generalized race-specific patterns were not found for races 1, 5, and 6. The results suggested that races 1, 5, and 6 be grouped separately from race 2. Similarities and differences in banding patterns obtained by RAPD could be a useful molecular tool in evolutionary studies of the origins of different races. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP GRAJALMARTIN, MJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 27 TC 86 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 1993 VL 83 IS 6 BP 612 EP 614 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-612 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LN334 UT WOS:A1993LN33400006 ER PT J AU VEGA, FE DAVIS, RE BARBOSA, P DALLY, EL PURCELL, AH LEE, IM AF VEGA, FE DAVIS, RE BARBOSA, P DALLY, EL PURCELL, AH LEE, IM TI DETECTION OF A PLANT PATHOGEN IN A NONVECTOR INSECT SPECIES BY THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW MOSAIC-VIRUS; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; REACTION PCR; DNA; SEQUENCE AB A nonculturable mycoplasmalike plant pathogen was detected in a leafhopper species capable of transmitting the pathogen as well as in a leafhopper species that does not vector the pathogen. Amplification of a pathogen-specific DNA sequence by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed the presence of pathogen DNA in total nucleic acid extracts of the vector insect Macrosteles fascifrons and of the nonvector insect Dalbulus maidis, both of which had fed on plants infected by the aster yellows mycoplasmalike organism. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ENTOMOL SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 23 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 1993 VL 83 IS 6 BP 621 EP 624 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-621 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LN334 UT WOS:A1993LN33400008 ER PT J AU JACOBI, WR GEILS, BW TAYLOR, JE ZENTZ, WR AF JACOBI, WR GEILS, BW TAYLOR, JE ZENTZ, WR TI PREDICTING THE INCIDENCE OF COMANDRA BLISTER RUST ON LODGEPOLE PINE - SITE, STAND, AND ALTERNATE-HOST INFLUENCES SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HAZARD RATING; RISK RATING; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; WIND SIMULATION ID FUSIFORM RUST; HAZARD AB Incidence of cankers caused by comandra blister rust (Cronartium comandrae) on lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and distribution of the rust's alternate host, pale comandra (Comandra umbellata subsp. pallida), were mapped in portions of two Wyoming forests. Rust incidence in 24 stands in the Shoshone National Forest varied from 14 to 64%, and rust incidence in 190 plots in the Medicine Bow National Forest ranged from 0 to 36%. Comandra populations occurred on open, upper slopes surrounded by lodgepole pine stands in the Shoshone study area and on dry ridge tops along the eastern and western slopes of the Medicine Bow study area. Simulations of wind speed and direction during periods favorable for basidiospore dispersal were used to identify comandra populations upwind of surveyed lodgepole pine stands. Rust incidence was highest in stands older than 40 yr along forest edges adjacent to comandra but also was high in some stands 1-10 km downwind of likely inoculum sources. Rust incidence was significantly negatively correlated with distance to comandra and with stand density and was significantly positively correlated with average tree diameter, height, and age. Expected incidence of comandra blister rust across surveyed portions of the two forests can be predicted from average tree height or diameter and distance to comandra. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP JACOBI, WR (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & WEED SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 1993 VL 83 IS 6 BP 630 EP 637 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-630 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LN334 UT WOS:A1993LN33400010 ER PT J AU GEILS, BW JACOBI, WR AF GEILS, BW JACOBI, WR TI EFFECTS OF COMANDRA BLISTER RUST ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF LODGEPOLE PINE SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE STEM RUST; TREE MORTALITY ID LEAF-AREA; FUSIFORM RUST; SAPWOOD AREA; FIR; DEFOLIATION; EFFICIENCY; HEARTWOOD; VOLUME AB Comandra blister rust, caused by the fungus Cronartium comandrae, reduced growth and survival of lodgepole pine trees (Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia) in the central Rocky Mountains. Stem analyses were used to determine annual increments of total cubic bolewood volume for 74 lodgepole pine trees 4-22 m tall, cankered by comandra blister rust. Mean annual increments after canker establishment were reduced 32% for trees with crown tops killed by comandra blister rust (spiked) and 9% for trees not yet girdled. Volume increments of spiked trees decreased each year after canker establishment until crown loss (top-kill) occurred; afterward, increments remained small and constant. Bolewood in spiked trees was sound but split and cracked above the canker. Reductions in radial increments for 140 spiked trees decreased with tree age when they were top-killed and increased with severity of crown loss, measured as the proportion of stem length above canker center. Total and sapwood basal areas, crown ratio, and basal area increment were highly correlated among spiked trees. Sixty percent of 2,070 trees on either temporary or monitored plots survived top-kill; percent survival increased with canker height. On 15 remeasured plots, no spiked trees with cankers higher than 13 m had died during the past 5 yr; trees with cankers lower than 13 m died at rates inversely proportional to canker height. Functions describing expected reductions in radial increment and survival can be incorporated into stand-growth and yield models to provide better estimates of disease effects. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL & WEED SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP GEILS, BW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 1993 VL 83 IS 6 BP 638 EP 644 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-638 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LN334 UT WOS:A1993LN33400011 ER PT J AU SONG, HS LIM, SM CLARK, JM AF SONG, HS LIM, SM CLARK, JM TI PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A HOST-SPECIFIC PATHOTOXIN FROM CULTURE FILTRATES OF SEPTORIA-GLYCINES SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLADOSPORIUM-FULVUM; GLYCOPEPTIDES; TOXINS AB A host-specific pathotoxin isolated from culture filtrate of Septoria glycines caused typical symptoms of brown spot disease on cotyledons and leaves of soybean. This toxin was stable until autoclaving, but drying the toxin under flash-evaporation at 46 C in vacuo destroyed over 99% of the toxin activity. The toxin was purified approximately 16,000-fold by sequential carboxymethyl (CM)-cellulose treatment, diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose chromatography, dialysis, gel filtration, and 5% charcoal treatment. The purified toxin appeared to be a polysaccharide because it was resistant to proteinase K, but oxidation with 35 mM IO4- and incubation with alpha-mannosidase, beta-galactosidase, or beta-glucosidase markedly reduced toxin activity. The partial characterization of the purified toxin as a polysaccharide was supported by positive results with phenol-H2SO4 and carbazole tests and increased generation of reducing center analysis (detected by reduction with (NaBH4)-H-3) after acid hydrolysis. The combined results indicated that the toxin is an approximately 20,000-Da polysaccharide with a high content of uronic acids and perhaps low levels of mannose, galactose, and glucose. C1 USDA ARS,CROP PROTECT UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT BIOCHEM,URBANA,IL 61801. RP SONG, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 1993 VL 83 IS 6 BP 659 EP 661 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-659 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LN334 UT WOS:A1993LN33400014 ER PT J AU LAWSON, RH DIENELT, MM HSU, HT AF LAWSON, RH DIENELT, MM HSU, HT TI EFFECTS OF PASSAGING A DEFECTIVE ISOLATE OF IMPATIENS NECROTIC SPOT VIRUS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WILT VIRUS; PLANT CELLS; S RNA; PROTEIN; TOSPOVIRUS; FORM AB The effects of two temperatures on the cytopathology of a defective isolate of impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV-Igg) were compared with the effects on two normal isolates of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV-NC4 and TSWV-D). INSV-Igg produced very few enveloped virions in plants grown at approximately 20 C. Instead, masses of nucleocapsid (N) protein appeared in characteristic chainlike formations. The N protein was serologically distinct from that of TSWV. In five experiments with eight to 10 mechanical transfers, each at elevated temperatures, one experiment in a greenhouse during summer and the other four in controlled environment chambers (27/24 C, light/dark), virions appeared in Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with INSV-Igg between the first and fourth passages and thereafter, were consistently produced. In two out of four growth-chamber experiments, extracts from infected plants grown at 27/24 C (light/dark) did not react in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with antisera to INSV N protein after the third passage. This serological change was correlated in one experiment with a change in the appearance of the N protein: Characteristic chains were no longer observed in infected cells, but large, amorphous, electron-dense masses appeared in which virions were visible. These masses failed to react with antisera to INSV N protein in immunogold-labeling experiments. In parallel serial passages at 21/18 C (light/dark), virions were not observed in infected plants. Cytopathology and serological reactivity of the N protein remained unaltered. Passaging at different temperatures did not alter the cytopathology of plants infected with TSWV-NC4 or TSWV-D. The high temperature triggered an increase in production of virions in the INSV-Igg culture and was sometimes accompanied by an antigenic change in the N protein. RP LAWSON, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JUN PY 1993 VL 83 IS 6 BP 662 EP 670 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-662 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LN334 UT WOS:A1993LN33400015 ER PT J AU WAN, CG SOSEBEE, RE MCMICHAEL, BL AF WAN, CG SOSEBEE, RE MCMICHAEL, BL TI DOES HYDRAULIC LIFT EXIST IN SHALLOW-ROOTED SPECIES - A QUANTITATIVE EXAMINATION WITH A HALF-SHRUB GUTIERREZIA-SAROTHRAE SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE DESERT XEROPHYTE; ROOT EXUDATION; SEMIARID GRASSLAND ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; ELECTROMAGNETIC DETERMINATION; DESERT SUCCULENTS; MOISTURE; SYSTEM AB Hydraulic lift occurs in some deep-rooted shrub and herbaceous species. In this process, water taken up by deep roots from the moist subsoil is delivered to the drier topsoil where it is later reabsorbed by shallow roots. However, little is known about the existence of hydraulic lift in shallow-rooted xeric species. The objectives of this study were 1) to ascertain whether hydraulic lift exists in Gutierrezia sarothrae (broom snakeweed), a widespread North American desert species with a shallow root system, grown in pot and field conditions and 2) if it does, how much water can be transferred from the subsoil to the 30 cm topsoil during the night. Snakeweed seedlings were transplanted in buried pots allowing the deeper roots to grow into the subsoil 30 cm below the surface. Soil water content inside and outside of the pot was measured seasonally and diurnally with time domain reflectometry technique (TDR). An increase in water content was detected in the pot after the plant was covered for 3 h by an opaque plastic bag during the day, suggesting hydraulic lift from deeper depths and exudation of water into the drier topsoil. Root exudation was also observed on native range sites dominated by snakeweed. Water efflux in the pot was 271 g per plant per night. which was equivalent to 15.3% of the extrapolated, porometer-derived whole-plant daily transpiration. Hydraulic lift observed in Gutierrezia improved water uptake during the day when evaporative demand is high and less water is available in the topsoil. We concluded that hydraulic lift might help snakeweed to alleviate the effect of water stress. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT RANGE & WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. GANSU GRASSLAND ECOL RES INST,LANZHOU,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 34 TC 29 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUN PY 1993 VL 153 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1007/BF00010540 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LW775 UT WOS:A1993LW77500002 ER PT J AU CHO, MJ HARPER, JE AF CHO, MJ HARPER, JE TI EFFECT OF ABSCISIC-ACID APPLICATION ON ROOT ISOFLAVONOID CONCENTRATION AND NODULATION OF WILD-TYPE AND NODULATION-MUTANT SOYBEAN PLANTS SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Note DE ABSCISIC ACID; GLYCINE-MAX; HPLC; ISOFLAVONOIDS; NODULATION MUTANTS; SOYBEAN ID MAX L MERR; GLYCINE-MAX; SUPERNODULATION; INOCULATION; JAPONICUM; SYSTEM; SHOOT AB Isoflavonoids (daidzein, genistein, and coumestrol) are involved in induction of nod genes in Bradyrhizobium japonicum and may be involved in nodule development as well. Abscisic acid (ABA) may also impact nodulation since ABA is reportedly involved in isoflavonoid synthesis. The current study was conducted to evaluate whether ABA plays a role in differential nodulation of a hypernodulated soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) mutant and the Williams parent. Exogenous ABA application resulted in a decrease in nodule number and weight in both lines. Isoflavonoid concentrations were also markedly decreased in response to ABA application in both inoculated and noninoculated soybean roots. The inoculation treatment itself resulted in a marked increase in isoflavonoid concentrations of NOD1-3, regardless of ABA levels, while only slight increases occurred in Williams. The nodule numbers of both soybean lines across several ABA concentration treatments were highly correlated with the concentration of all three isoflavonoids. However, differences in internal levels of ABA between lines were not detected when grown in the absence of external ABA additions. It is concluded that differential nodule expression between the wild type and the hypernodulated mutant is not likely due to differential ABA synthesis. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PLANT PHYSIOL & GENET RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. RP CHO, MJ (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,1201 W GREGORY AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUN PY 1993 VL 153 IS 1 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.1007/BF00010552 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LW775 UT WOS:A1993LW77500014 ER PT J AU WEBB, MJ NORVELL, WA WELCH, RM GRAHAM, RD AF WEBB, MJ NORVELL, WA WELCH, RM GRAHAM, RD TI USING A CHELATE-BUFFERED NUTRIENT SOLUTION TO ESTABLISH THE CRITICAL SOLUTION ACTIVITY OF MN2+ REQUIRED BY BARLEY (HORDEUM-VULGARE L) SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE BARLEY; CHELATION; CHEMICAL SPECIATION; HEDTA; HORDEUM-VULGARE L; HYDROPONICS; ION UPTAKE; MANGANESE; MICRONUTRIENTS; NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT; PLANT NUTRITION ID MANGANESE DEFICIENCY; IRON INTERACTIONS; TRANSLOCATION; ABSORPTION; GROWTH; PLANTS; SYSTEM AB Relatively little is known about the responses of plants to micronutrients when these nutrients are maintained at the very low levels found in soils of low fertility. We have determined the requirement of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Herta) for ionic Mn2+ in plant culture solutions using the chelating agent HEDTA as a buffer for micronutrient metal ions. The chemical activity of Mn2+ was varied approximately 10,000-fold from log(Mn2+) = -10.8 to -6.8 (pMn 10.8 to pMn 6.8), while holding constant the activities of the other micronutrient cations. Growth, appearance, and composition of 'Herta' barley indicated that log(Mn2+) of approximately -8.3 would permit optimal dry matter production and normal plant development. The specific accumulation rate of Mn by 15 to 23 day old seedlings was a linear function of the Mn2+ activity in solution. At log(Mn2+) of about -9.8 or below, barley seedlings were unable to accumulate significant amounts of Mn, and at some harvests, suffered a net loss of Mn to solution. Seedlings younger than 11 days old were ineffective accumulators of several cations, including Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mg, and Ca. Differences in Mn availability did not influence uptake of other cations, except that Cu uptake by roots increased with increasing Mn uptake. C1 USDA ARS,SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP WEBB, MJ (reprint author), UNIV ADELAIDE,WAITE AGR RES INST,DEPT PLANT SCI,GLEN OSMOND,SA 5064,AUSTRALIA. RI Webb, Michael/A-5188-2012 OI Webb, Michael/0000-0003-2657-4232 NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUN PY 1993 VL 153 IS 2 BP 195 EP 205 DI 10.1007/BF00012992 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MF437 UT WOS:A1993MF43700005 ER PT J AU RUMBAUGH, MD PENDERY, BM JAMES, DW AF RUMBAUGH, MD PENDERY, BM JAMES, DW TI VARIATION IN THE SALINITY TOLERANCE OF STRAWBERRY CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM-FRAGIFERUM L) SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE FORAGE; PASTURE; PLANT BREEDING; SALT; SELECTION; STRAWBERRY CLOVER; TRIFOLIUM ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; SALT TOLERANCE; ALFALFA; GERMINATION; GRASSLANDS; SELECTION; NACL AB Saline soils negatively affect plant growth, so there is a need to develop salt tolerant plant materials for rangeland uses. Five strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum L.) cultivars were compared to 95 plant introductions for tolerance to salinity during germination and greenhouse seedling growth. Mean tolerance of the cultivars to NaCl during germination did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from that of the introductions. Individual plant introduction accessions were superior to each of the cultivars in tolerance to NaCl during germination. Mean shoot dry weight, shoot height, and number of shoot branches of the cultivars were greater (p < 0.05) than those of the plant introductions in both the control and saline irrigation treatments. Mean cultivar plant tolerance to salinity, as indicated by saline/control treatment ratios for shoot dry weight, shoot height, and number of branches, was not superior to that of the plant introductions. Germination tolerance to salinity was not correlated with plant growth in either saline or non-saline irrigation treatments. Ample genetic diversity is present within strawberry clover to permit development of cultivars with superior tolerance to salinity during seed germination. It will be more difficult to develop cultivars with superior plant growth in both saline and non-saline environments. C1 USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUN PY 1993 VL 153 IS 2 BP 265 EP 271 DI 10.1007/BF00012999 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MF437 UT WOS:A1993MF43700012 ER PT J AU WELTY, RE BARKER, RE AZEVEDO, MD AF WELTY, RE BARKER, RE AZEVEDO, MD TI RESPONSE OF FIELD-GROWN TALL FESCUE INFECTED BY ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM TO PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS SUBSP GRAMINICOLA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; ENDOPHYTE; GRASSES; TOXICITY AB Plants of tall fescue cultivar Kentucky 31 infected (E+) or not infected (E-) by the endophyte Acremonium coenophialum were evaluated for reaction to Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola for 2 yr in field plots. Stem rust was assessed on the modified Cobb scale on five dates in 1991 and three dates in 1992. On each date, stem rust severity in susceptible plants of Kentucky 31 was similar for E+ and E- plants. On the final assessment in both years, the number of plants without stem rust (0% infection) was similar for E+ and E- plants. Based on these results, the presence of A. coenophialum in plants of Kentucky 31 did not influence stem rust severity or the number of stem rust-resistant plants. Thus, the stem rust reaction is not influenced by the presence of this endophyte in tall fescue. RP WELTY, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 77 IS 6 BP 574 EP 575 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LH171 UT WOS:A1993LH17100007 ER PT J AU HARTMAN, GL HUANG, YH AF HARTMAN, GL HUANG, YH TI PATHOGENICITY AND VIRULENCE OF PHYTOPHTHORA-CAPSICI ISOLATES FROM TAIWAN ON TOMATOES AND OTHER SELECTED HOSTS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PEPPER; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION; BLIGHT; ROT AB In container experiments, black nightshade, cabbage, cucumber, pepper, potato, tobacco, and tomato plants were inoculated with isolates of Phytophthora capsici obtained from either pepper stems or tomato foliage. Inoculum was applied by atomizing foliage or by drenching soil with zoospore suspensions of 1 X 10(4) zoospores per milliliter. Foliage and stem blight developed on black nightshade, pepper, and tomato plants but not on the other plant species. Tomato and pepper seedlings were inoculated with five isolates of P. capsici by spraying foliage or drenching soil. Response to individual isolates varied from no symptoms to 100% blighting and death of foliar-inoculated pepper plants. Regardless of isolate, basal stem blight was not observed on soil-inoculated tomato plants, whereas reaction of pepper plants varied from no symptoms to severe crown lesions causing death. Seedlings of 11 tomato lines foliar-inoculated with one isolate were all susceptible, although the amount of foliage blighted differed among lines. Detached tomato leaves inoculated with a zoospore suspension had more blight at 24 and 28 C than at higher and lower temperatures 3 days after inoculation. In the field, two foliar-inoculated tomato lines developed leaf blight by 3 days after inoculation, and by 14 days, 45-60% of the leaf area was blighted. C1 ASIAN VEGETABLE RES & DEV CTR,TAINAN 74199,TAIWAN. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801. RP HARTMAN, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 77 IS 6 BP 588 EP 591 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LH171 UT WOS:A1993LH17100011 ER PT J AU HADIDI, A MONTASSER, MS LEVY, L GOTH, RW CONVERSE, RH MADKOUR, MA SKRZECKOWSKI, LJ AF HADIDI, A MONTASSER, MS LEVY, L GOTH, RW CONVERSE, RH MADKOUR, MA SKRZECKOWSKI, LJ TI DETECTION OF POTATO LEAFROLL AND STRAWBERRY MILD YELLOW-EDGE LUTEOVIRUSES BY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AMPLIFICATION SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ROLL VIRUS; SCAR SKIN; RNA; VIROIDS; ASSAY; ACID; IDENTIFICATION; DISEASE; PRIMERS AB DNA primers were constructed based on the nucleotide sequence of the coat protein gene of potato leafroll luteovirus (PLRV) and utilized for cDNA synthesis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a 487-bp DNA fragment from nucleic acid extracts of PLRV-infected tissue, and an approximately 500-bp DNA fragment from the luteovirus associated with strawberry mild yellow-edge-infected tissue. The amplified DNA fragments were identified by hybridization analysis with a cDNA probe for the coat protein gene of PLRV and differentiated by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays were developed for the detection of PLRV in nucleic acid extracts of infected potato leaves and tubers, and in viruliferous aphids. The luteovirus-specific DNA was absent from amplified extracts of uninfected potato or nonviruliferous aphids. The RT-PCR assay for PLRV is more sensitive than existing detection methods and detects PLRV in plant hosts or insect vectors without requiring large samples or molecular hybridization. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. MINIST AGR & LAND RECLAMAT,NATL AGR GENET ENGN LAB,GIZA 12619,EGYPT. POLISH ACAD SCI,INST BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,PL-02532 WARSAW,POLAND. RP HADIDI, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,BLDG 011A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 47 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 77 IS 6 BP 595 EP 601 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LH171 UT WOS:A1993LH17100013 ER PT J AU STEFFENSON, BJ MILLER, JD JIN, Y AF STEFFENSON, BJ MILLER, JD JIN, Y TI DETECTION OF THE STEM RUST RESISTANCE GENE RPG1 IN BARLEY SEEDLINGS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS; SP SECALIS AB The stem rust resistance gene Rpg1 has conferred durable resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgare) to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (wheat stem rust pathogen) for nearly 50 yr in the northern Great Plains. Detection of Rpg1 at the seedling stage can be difficult because most barley genotypes show mesothetic reactions to the stem rust pathogen. Genotypes with and without genes for stem rust resistance were inoculated with pathotypes Pgt-TPM, -MCC, and -HPH of P. g. tritici in the seedling stage. After 12 days of incubation at 25-28 C, infection types were assessed on plants. With pathotype TPM, differences between barley genotypes with and without resistance genes were not distinct, since similar infection types were frequently observed on genotypes in both groups. In contrast, marked differences were observed among barleys to pathotypes MCC and HPH; genotypes with Rpg1 exhibited low infection types (0;, 0;1, 10;, occasionally 12 with pathotype HPH), whereas those with rpg1 (the recessive allele for susceptibility) exhibited distinctly higher infection types (mostly 3-3, 3-2, 33-, 33+, occasionally 23- with pathotype MCC). Genotypes carrying resistance gene Rpg2, Rpg3, or rpgBH displayed mostly intermediate (23-) to high (3-2, 3-3) infection types to these pathotypes. These data demonstrate the usefulness of pathotypes MCC and HPH in detecting barley genotypes with Rpg1. The reliability of this screening method, coupled with the short cycle (19 days) of seedling tests, will hasten the development of barley germ plasm with stem rust resistance and aid in subsequent genetic studies in this pathosystem. C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP STEFFENSON, BJ (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 20 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 77 IS 6 BP 626 EP 629 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LH171 UT WOS:A1993LH17100019 ER PT J AU JUZWIK, J AF JUZWIK, J TI MORPHOLOGY, CULTURAL-CHARACTERISTICS, AND PATHOGENICITY OF RHIZOSPHAERA-KALKHOFFII ON PICEA SPP IN NORTHERN MINNESOTA AND WISCONSIN SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Morphology, cultural characteristics, and pathogenicity of Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii from spruce (Picea spp.) showing premature needle loss in northern Minnesota and Wisconsin were investigated. Pycnidiospores from needles, conidia of the Hormonema-like synanamorph, and pycnidiospores produced in culture were similar for Colorado blue, Engelmann, Norway, and white spruce collections and isolates. Pycnidiospores from black spruce needles were smaller than those from Colorado blue or white spruce (P < 0.05). Colony diameters at 14 days were similar on four different spruce needle extract agars for isolates from Colorado blue, Engelmann, and white spruce. Growth profiles of the fungus from Colorado blue, Engelmann, and white spruce on three agar media at five temperatures, and in three liquid media at three temperatures, were also similar to each other, with optimum growth occurring at either 20 or 25 C. Needle cast symptoms and R. kalkhoffii pycnidia developed within 12 mo on black, Colorado blue, Norway, and white spruce after inoculation with pycnidiospores of an isolate of the fungus from either Colorado blue or white spruce. RP JUZWIK, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 77 IS 6 BP 630 EP 634 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LH171 UT WOS:A1993LH17100020 ER PT J AU DROBY, S CHALUTZ, E HOREV, B COHEN, L GABA, V WILSON, CL WISNIEWSKI, M AF DROBY, S CHALUTZ, E HOREV, B COHEN, L GABA, V WILSON, CL WISNIEWSKI, M TI FACTORS AFFECTING UV-INDUCED RESISTANCE IN GRAPEFRUIT AGAINST THE GREEN MOLD DECAY CAUSED BY PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; 6,7-DIMETHOXYCOUMARIN; CITRUS; CELLS; PEEL; SACC AB Exposure of harvested grapefruit to ultraviolet (UV) light induced resistance against the green mould decay caused by Penicillium digitatum. Grapefruit picked at various times during the harvest season responded differently to UV treatments. The UV dose required for development of maximum resistance increased as the season progressed. The initial UV dose required in November-picked fruit for maximum response was 4.8 kJ/m2. It declined to 1.6 and 3.2 kJ/m2 in December- and January-picked fruit, respectively, and increased to 8 kJ/m2 in February-picked fruit. Correspondingly, the minimum percentage infection developing after UV treatment increased throughout the season from 0 to 35%. Resistance in UV-treated fruit developed to its maximum extent at 24-48 h following exposure to UV light and then decreased. Development of induced resistance in grapefruit peel was affected by the temperature at which the fruit was stored 24 h after UV treatment and before infection with P. digitatum. In the UV-treated fruit, the fungus developed a sporadic mycelium with marked inhibition of sporulation. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase markedly increased in the peel following exposure of the fruit to UV light. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,INST PLANT PROTECT,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP DROBY, S (reprint author), AGR RES ORG,VOLCANI CTR,INST TECHNOL & STORAGE AGR PROD,POB 6,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 21 TC 63 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 42 IS 3 BP 418 EP 424 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.1993.tb01520.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA LH507 UT WOS:A1993LH50700017 ER PT J AU PRIEM, B GITTI, R BUSH, CA GROSS, KC AF PRIEM, B GITTI, R BUSH, CA GROSS, KC TI STRUCTURE OF 10 FREE N-GLYCANS IN RIPENING TOMATO FRUIT - ARABINOSE IS A CONSTITUENT OF A PLANT N-GLYCAN SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CONCANAVALIN-A-SEPHAROSE; CARBOHYDRATE MOIETY; GLYCOPEPTIDES; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; MANNOSE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; GLYCOPROTEINS; RESOLUTION; BROMELAIN AB The concentration-dependent stimulatory and inhibitory effect of N-glycans on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit ripening was recently reported (B. Priem and K.C. Gross [1992] Plant Physiol 98: 399-401). We report here the structure of 10 free N-glycans in mature green tomatoes. N-Glycans were purified from fruit pericarp by ethanolic extraction, desalting, concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography, and amine-bonded silica high performance liquid chromatography. N-Glycan structures were determined using 500 MHz H-1-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and glycosyl linkage methylation analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A novel arabinosyl-containing N-glycan, Manalpha1-->6(Ara(f)alpha1-->2)Manbeta1-->4GlcNAcbeta1-->4(Fucalpha1-->3)GlcN Ac, was purified from a retarded concanavalin A fraction. The location of the arabinosyl residue was the same as the xylosyl residue in complex N-glycans. GlcNAc[5']Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)GlcNAc and GlcNAc[5']Man2GlcNAc(Fuc)GlcNAc were also purified from the weakly retained fraction. The oligomannosyl N-glycans Man5GlcNAc, Man6GlcNAc, Man7GlcNAc, and Man8GlcNAc were purified from a strongly retained concanavalin A fraction. The finding of free Man5GlcNAc in situ was important physiologically because previously we had described it as a promoter of tomato ripening when added exogenously. Mature green pericarp tissue contained more than 1 mug of total free N-glycan/g fresh weight. Changes in N-glycan composition were determined during ripening by comparing glycosyl and glycosyl-linkage composition of oligosaccharidic extracts from fruit at different developmental stages. N-Glycans were present in pericarp tissue at all stages of development. However, the amount increased during ripening, as did the relative amount of xylosyl-containing N-glycans. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BLDG 002,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,CATONSVILLE,MD 21228. NR 41 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 102 IS 2 BP 445 EP 458 DI 10.1104/pp.102.2.445 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LG170 UT WOS:A1993LG17000014 PM 8108510 ER PT J AU DITOMASO, JM HART, JJ KOCHIAN, LV AF DITOMASO, JM HART, JJ KOCHIAN, LV TI COMPARTMENTATION ANALYSIS OF PARAQUAT FLUXES IN MAIZE ROOTS AS A MEANS OF ESTIMATING THE RATE OF VACUOLAR ACCUMULATION AND TRANSLOCATION TO SHOOTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORTICAL CELL FLUXES; ALLIUM-CEPA L; POTASSIUM-TRANSPORT; EFFLUX ANALYSIS; SEEDLINGS; RESISTANCE; SEGMENTS; SODIUM; COBALT; K+ AB Efflux analysis conducted after five loading periods of various lengths (2, 6, 12, 18, or 24 h) was used to investigate uptake, compartmentation, and translocation of [C-14]paraquat in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. The time course for net paraquat uptake (paraquat concentration in uptake solution = 25 mum) into maize roots was linear (56.7 nmol g-1 root fresh weight h-1) for 24 h. Estimates of changes in paraquat content in the vacuole, cytoplasm, and cell wall after 2-, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-h loading periods indicated that the cell wall saturated rapidly, whereas accumulation of paraquat into the vacuole increased linearly (1 2.4 nmol g-1 root fresh weight h-1) over 24 h. In contrast to vacuolar accumulation, cytoplasmic paraquat content appeared to approach saturation. The half-time for paraquat efflux from the cell wall (16.6 min +/-1.2 SD) and cytoplasm (58.8 min +/- 8.9 SD) remained relatively constant regardless of the length of the loading period, whereas the half-time for efflux from the vacuole was considerably longer and increased linearly with increased loading time (6.1-18.7 h). The time course for paraquat translocation to the shoot was linear within a 24-h exposure to radiolabeled herbicide, but translocation did not begin until 5 h after initiation of treatment. The experimental approach used in these experiments provides a valuable method for examining the movement of paraquat in maize seedlings. Results indicate that the herbicide slowly accumulates in the vacuole of root cells but is also translocated to the shoot. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP DITOMASO, JM (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 102 IS 2 BP 467 EP 472 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LG170 UT WOS:A1993LG17000016 ER PT J AU DALTON, DA BAIRD, LM LANGEBERG, L TAUGHER, CY ANYAN, WR VANCE, CP SARATH, G AF DALTON, DA BAIRD, LM LANGEBERG, L TAUGHER, CY ANYAN, WR VANCE, CP SARATH, G TI SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION OF OXYGEN DEFENSE ENZYMES IN SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX [L] MERR) ROOT-NODULES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE; UREIDE BIOSYNTHESIS; LEGHEMOGLOBIN; PURIFICATION; CHLOROPLASTS; GLUTATHIONE; PEROXISOMES; PROTEIN AB Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) root nodules contain the enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione pathway to minimize oxidative damage. In the present study, fractionation and immunocytochemistry were used to determine the subcellular location of the enzymes of this pathway. All four enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase) were present in the soluble fraction from nodule plant cells and in isolated mitochondria. No activity was detected in peroxisomes. Bacteroids contained glutathione reductase but not the other enzymes of this pathway. Immunogold localization indicated that ascorbate peroxidase was present in the cytosol of infected and uninfected cells but not in the peribacteroid space. Results of immunogold and immunofluorescence studies indicated that monodehydroascorbate reductase was located primarily in the cell wall, suggesting that ascorbate regeneration in the cytoplasm may proceed primarily through the action of dehydroascorbate reductase. The possible roles of monodehydroascorbate reductase in cell wall metabolism are discussed. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT BIOCHEM,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV SAN DIEGO,DEPT BIOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92110. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP DALTON, DA (reprint author), REED COLL,DEPT BIOL,PORTLAND,OR 97202, USA. NR 35 TC 97 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 102 IS 2 BP 481 EP 489 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LG170 UT WOS:A1993LG17000018 ER PT J AU SALVUCCI, ME KLEIN, RR AF SALVUCCI, ME KLEIN, RR TI IDENTIFICATION OF THE URIDINE-BINDING DOMAIN OF SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE - EXPRESSION OF A REGION OF THE PROTEIN THAT PHOTOAFFINITY LABELS WITH 5-AZIDOURIDINE DIPHOSPHATE-GLUCOSE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PURIFICATION; ANTIBODIES; PEPTIDES; LEAVES; SITES AB The uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDP-Glc) binding domain of sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) was identified by overexpressing part of the gene from spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Degenerate oligonucleotide primers corresponding to two tryptic peptides common to both the full-length 120-kD SPS subunit and an 82-kD form that photoaffinity labeled with 5-azidouridine diphosphate-glucose (5-N3UDP-Glc) were used in a polymerase chain reaction to isolate a partial cDNA clone. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of spinach SPS with the sequences of potato sucrose synthase showed that the partial cDNA included one region that was highly conserved between the proteins. Expression of the partial cDNA clone of SPS in Escherichia coli produced a 26-kD fusion protein that photoaffinity labeled with 5-N3UDP-Glc. Photoaffinity labeling of the 26-kD fusion protein was specific, indicating that this portion of the SPS protein harbors the UDP-Glc-binding domain. Isolation of a modified peptide from the photolabeled protein provided tentative identification of amino acid residues that make up the uridine-binding domain of SPS. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP SALVUCCI, ME (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 102 IS 2 BP 529 EP 536 DI 10.1104/pp.102.2.529 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LG170 UT WOS:A1993LG17000024 PM 8108511 ER PT J AU AUER, CA COHEN, JD AF AUER, CA COHEN, JD TI IDENTIFICATION OF A BENZYLADENINE DISACCHARIDE CONJUGATE PRODUCED DURING SHOOT ORGANOGENESIS IN PETUNIA LEAF EXPLANTS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOKININS; BUDS AB Prior studies of benzyladenine (BA) metabolism in Petunia hybrida Vilm. leaf explants during shoot organogenesis revealed the presence of an abundant unidentified BA conjugate. The BA conjugate, compound C, made up to 39% of the total pool of BA conjugates in two Petunia lines and was associated with an increased shoot organogenic response when compared with a third Petunia line that did not produce any compound C. Structural analysis of compound C utilizing fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, two methods of carbohydrate analysis, ultraviolet absorption spectra, and Fourier transform infrared spectra identified it as a new cytokinin conjugate, 6-benzylamino-9-[O-gluco-pyranosyl-(1-->3)-ribofuranosyl]-purine. Based on our prior biological studies and the similarity of this compound to related cytokinin conjugates, this disaccharide cytokinin conjugate may be part of the interconvertible pool of cytokinins active in Petunia shoot organogenesis. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP AUER, CA (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT PLANT SCI,STORRS,CT 06269, USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 102 IS 2 BP 541 EP 545 DI 10.1104/pp.102.2.541 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LG170 UT WOS:A1993LG17000026 PM 8108512 ER PT J AU HAZEBROEK, JP METZGER, JD MANSAGER, ER AF HAZEBROEK, JP METZGER, JD MANSAGER, ER TI THERMOINDUCTIVE REGULATION OF GIBBERELLIN METABOLISM IN THLASPI-ARVENSE L .2. COLD INDUCTION OF ENZYMES IN GIBBERELLIN BIOSYNTHESIS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STEM GROWTH; PRECURSORS AB Vernalization of Thlaspi arvense L. results in the alteration of gibberellin (GA) metabolism such that the metabolism and turnover of the GA precursor ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (kaurenoic acid) is dramatically increased. This cold-induced change in GA metabolism is restricted to the shoot tip, the site of perception of cold in this species (J.P. Hazebroek, J.D. Metzger [1990] Plant Physiol 94: 157-165). In the present report additional biochemical information about the nature of this low-temperature-regulated process is provided. The endogenous levels of kaurenoic acid in leaves and shoot tips of plants were estimated by combined gas chromatography-chemical ionization mass spectrometry at various times after 4 weeks of vernalization at 6-degrees-C. The endogenous levels in shoot tips declined 10-fold by 2 d after the plants were returned to 21-degrees-C; this decline continued such that there was nearly 50-fold less kaurenoic acid by 10 d after the end of vernalization. No effect of vernalization on the endogenous levels of kaurenoic acid in leaves was observed. An in vitro enzyme assay was developed to monitor changes in the ability of tissues to convert kaurenoic acid to ent-7alpha-hydroxykaur-16-en-19-oic acid (7-OH kaurenoic acid). The activity of this enzyme rapidly increased in microsomal extracts from shoot tips following the end of vernalization. No thermoinduced increase in activity was observed in leaves. The enzymic oxidation of ent-kaurene to ent-kaurenol was also induced in shoot tips by vernalization. However, this reaction does not appear to be rate limiting for GA biosynthesis, because substantial amounts of kaurenoic acid accumulated in noninduced shoot tips. These results corroborate our hypothesis that the conversion of kaurenoic acid to 7-OH kaurenoic acid is the primary step in GA metabolism regulated by vernalization in Thlaspi shoot tips. C1 USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 20 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 102 IS 2 BP 547 EP 552 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LG170 UT WOS:A1993LG17000027 ER PT J AU SAUTER, M SEAGULL, RW KENDE, H AF SAUTER, M SEAGULL, RW KENDE, H TI INTERNODAL ELONGATION AND ORIENTATION OF CELLULOSE MICROFIBRILS AND MICROTUBULES IN DEEP-WATER RICE SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE CELLULOSE MICROFIBRIL; GIBBERELLIN; INTERNODAL ELONGATION; MICROTUBULE; ORYZA (GROWTH) ID DEEP-WATER RICE; EPIDERMAL-CELL WALLS; VIGNA-ANGULARIS OHWI; GIBBERELLIN; GROWTH; ARRANGEMENT; COLEOPTILES; EPICOTYLS; PATTERNS; OHASHI AB Excised stem sections of deepwater rice (Oryza sativa L.) containing the highest internode were used to study the induction of rapid internodal elongation by gibberellin (GA). It has been shown before that this growth response is based on enhanced cell division in the intercalary meristem and on increased cell elongation. In both GA-treated and control stem sections, the basal 5-mm region of the highest internode grows at the fastest rate. During 24 h of GA treatment, the internodal elongation zone expands from 15 to 35 mm. Gibberellin does not promote elongation of internodes from which the intercalary meristem has been excised. The orientation of cellulose microfibrils (CMFs) is a determining factor in cell growth. Elongation is favored when CMFs are oriented transversely to the direction of growth while elongation is limited when CMFs are oriented in the oblique or longitudinal direction. The orientation of CMFs in parenchymal cells of GA-treated and control internodes is transverse throughout the internode, indicating that CMFs do not restrict elongation of these cells. Changes in CMF orientation were observed in epidermal cells, however. In the basal 5-mm zone of the internode, which includes the intercalary meristem, CMFs of the epidermal cell walls are transversely oriented in both GA-treated and control stem sections. In slowly growing control internodes, CMF orientation changes to the oblique as cells are displaced from this basal 5-mm zone to the region above it. In GA-treated rapidly growing internodes, the reorientation of CMFs from the transverse to the oblique is more gradual and extends over the 35-mm length of the elongation zone. The CMFs of older epidermal cells are obliquely oriented in control and GA-treated internodes. The orientation of the CMFs parallels that of the cortical microtubules. This is consistent with the hypothesis that cortical microtubules determine the direction of CMF deposition. We conclude that GA acts on cells that have transversely oriented CMFs but does not promote growth of cells whose CMFs are already obliquely oriented at the start of GA treatment. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,MSU DOE PLANT RES LAB,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA ARS,SO REG LAB,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. NR 28 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JUN PY 1993 VL 190 IS 3 BP 354 EP 362 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LE386 UT WOS:A1993LE38600009 ER PT J AU KLEIN, RR CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ SALVUCCI, ME AF KLEIN, RR CRAFTSBRANDNER, SJ SALVUCCI, ME TI CLONING AND DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION OF THE SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE-SYNTHASE GENE FROM SPINACH SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE GENE EXPRESSION (ORGAN SPECIFICITY); LEAF DEVELOPMENT; LIGHT (GENE EXPRESSION); POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SPINACIA; SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (CDNA) ID SOYBEAN LEAVES; CARBON; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PURIFICATION; TRANSLOCATION; HYBRIDIZATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; DEOXYINOSINE; METABOLISM; ENZYMES AB A 561-base-pair (bp) polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) product of sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) was amplified using degenerate oligonucleotide primers corresponding to tryptic peptides of SPS (EC 2.4.1.14) from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L). Crucial to the primer specificity and the synthesis of the 561-bp product was the use of primer pools in which the number of degenerate primer species was limited. A full-length cDNA was subsequently obtained by screening a cDNA bacteriophage library with the 561-bp product of SPS and 5' PCR-RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends). The 3530-bp cDNA of SPS encoded for a 1056-amino-acid polypeptide of predicted molecular mass of 117 kDa. The deduced amino-acid sequence of spinach SPS showed regions of strong homology with SPS from maize (A.C. Worrell et al., 1991, Plant Cell 3, 1121-1130); amino-acid identity was 54% over the entire protein. Western and Northern analyses of root, petiole and spinach leaf tissue showed that SPS was expressed in an organ-specific manner, being predominantly localized in the leaf. The accumulation of SPS protein and mRNA during leaf development coincided with the early rapid phase of leaf expansion and the apparent transition of the leaf from sink to source status. Levels of SPS mRNA and protein were reduced during the acclimation of leaves to low-irradiance conditions. Transfer of low-irradiance-adapted leaves to higher-irradiance conditions resulted in a gradual increase in SPS protein and mRNA. Diurnal changes in irradiance did not alter SPS protein or transcript levels, indicating that short-term regulation of SPS primarily involves a modulation of enzyme activity. RP KLEIN, RR (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,107 ANIM PATHOL BLDG,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 44 TC 58 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JUN PY 1993 VL 190 IS 4 BP 498 EP 510 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LK463 UT WOS:A1993LK46300010 PM 7763823 ER PT J AU WELCH, RM NORVELL, WA SCHAEFER, SC SHAFF, JE KOCHIAN, LV AF WELCH, RM NORVELL, WA SCHAEFER, SC SHAFF, JE KOCHIAN, LV TI INDUCTION OF IRON(III) AND COPPER(II) REDUCTION IN PEA (PISUM-SATIVUM L) ROOTS BY FE AND CU STATUS - DOES THE ROOT-CELL PLASMALEMMA FE(III)-CHELATE REDUCTASE PERFORM A GENERAL ROLE IN REGULATING CATION UPTAKE SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE CATION ABSORPTION; COPPER (REDUCTION, DEFICIENCY); IRON (REDUCTION, DEFICIENCY); PISUM (CATION UPTAKE); PLASMA MEMBRANE REDUCTASE ID CHEMICAL-REDUCTION; IRON UPTAKE; ACCUMULATION; DEFICIENCY; CHANNELS; PLANTS; MUTANT; BRZ AB We investigated the effects of Fe and Cu status of pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings on the regulation of the putative root plasma-membrane Fe(III)-chelate reductase that is involved in Fe(III)-chelate reduction and Fe2+ absorption in dicotyledons and nongraminaceous monocotyledons. Additionally, we investigated the ability of this reductase system to reduce Cu(II)-chelates as well as Fe(III)-chelates. Pea seedlings were grown in full nutrient solutions under control, -Fe, and -Cu conditions for up to 18 d. Iron(III) and Cu(II) reductase activity was visualized by placing roots in an agarose gel containing either Fe(III)-EDTA and the Fe(II) chelate, Na2-bathophenanthrolinedisulfonic acid (BPDS), for Fe(III) reduction, or CuSO4, Na3citrate, and Na2-2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinedisulfonic acid (BCDS) for Cu(II) reduction. Rates of root Fe(III) and Cu(II) reduction were determined via spectrophotometric assay of the Fe(II)-BPDS or the Cu(I)-BCDS chromophore. Reductase activity was induced or stimulated by either Fe deficiency or Cu depletion of the seedlings. Roots from both Fe-deficient and Cu-depleted plants were able to reduce exogenous Cu(II)-chelate as well as Fe(III)-chelate. When this reductase was induced by Fe deficiency, the accumulation of a number of mineral cations (i.e., Cu, Mn, Fe, Mg, and K) in leaves of pea seedlings was significantly increased. We suggest that, in addition to playing a critical role in Fe absorption, this plasma-membrane reductase system also plays a more general role in the regulation of cation absorption by root cells, possibly via the reduction of critical sulfhydryl groups in transport proteins involved in divalent-cation transport (divalent-cation channels?) across the root-cell plasmalemma. C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 30 TC 148 Z9 160 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JUN PY 1993 VL 190 IS 4 BP 555 EP 561 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LK463 UT WOS:A1993LK46300016 ER PT J AU MARKS, HL AF MARKS, HL TI CARCASS COMPOSITION, FEED-INTAKE, AND FEED-EFFICIENCY FOLLOWING LONG-TERM SELECTION FOR 4-WEEK BODY-WEIGHT IN JAPANESE-QUAIL SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE JAPANESE QUAIL; SELECTION; BODY WEIGHT; CARCASS COMPOSITION; FEED INTAKE ID NUTRITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS; DIVERGENT SELECTION; GROWTH; FAT AB A study was conducted to determine BW, feed intake, feed efficiency, and carcass composition changes following 51 generations of selection for high 4-wk BW in Japanese quail. Quail lines utilized were the P line selected for high 4-wk BW on a normal 28% CP diet and the unselected base population (C line) from which the P line originated. Body weight, feed intake, and feed efficiency data were collected daily from 1 to 28 days, whereas percentage carcass water, ash, protein, and total lipid data were obtained at 0, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 42, and 56 days of age. Body weights of P line quail were significantly (P < .05) larger than BW of C line quail at all ages with the greatest deviation occurring at the age of selection. Feed intake was significantly greater in the P line and paralleled BW increases. When feed intake was adjusted for differences in BW, P line quail consumed less feed per gram of BW than C line quail and adjusted feed intake declined with age after Week 1. The P line quail had superior feed efficiency compared with C line quail from 1 to 13 days of age with the greatest deviation immediately posthatch. Carcass composition determinations revealed significant (P < .05) age and line effects. Both percentage ash and protein increased from hatch to 14 days and thereafter remained constant. However, percentage water and total lipid demonstrated contrasting responses to increasing age; percentage water declined whereas percentage total lipid increased. The P line quail had less carcass water and protein, but had more lipid. Line differences for carcass traits were small from 0 to 21 days, but became larger at 28 and 42 days. RP MARKS, HL (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,107 LIVESTOCK POULTRY BLDG,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 24 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1005 EP 1011 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LC112 UT WOS:A1993LC11200003 PM 8321810 ER PT J AU MARKS, HL AF MARKS, HL TI THE INFLUENCE OF DIETARY-PROTEIN LEVEL ON BODY-WEIGHT OF JAPANESE-QUAIL LINES SELECTED UNDER HIGH-PROTEIN AND LOW-PROTEIN DIETS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE JAPANESE QUAIL; SELECTION; BODY WEIGHT; GROWTH; PROTEIN REQUIREMENT ID LONG-TERM SELECTION AB Two experiments were conducted to determine the protein requirement of quail lines (P and T) following _selection for increased 4-wk BW under normal-protein (28% CP) and low protein (20% CP) diets, respectively. Quail progeny from Generation 39 breeders were fed diets containing 18, 21, 24, and 27% CP from 0 to 5 wk of age in Experiment 1, whereas in Experiment 2, quail progeny from Generation 79 breeders were fed diets containing 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30% CP from 0 to 4 wk of age. Quail from the unselected base population (C line) were also included in both experiments. Significant line, diet, and line by diet interactions were present in both experiments. At 2 wk of age, T line quail were significantly (P < .05) larger than P line quail across diets, whereas by 4 wk, BW of P line quail were significantly larger than those of T line quail. Across dietary protein levels, quail receiving diets containing 24% CP or higher were significantly larger than those receiving the 18 and 21% CP diets. Quail in both the P and C lines had larger BW with increasing protein levels and an apparent protein requirement between 24 and 27% CP. However, quail in the T line showed no BW response to increased protein levels, indicating that long-term selection for increased BW on a 20% CP diet had altered the protein requirement in this line. Results indicated that quail populations selected under high-protein environments require such environments for maximum growth, whereas populations selected under low-protein environments do not require high-protein diets for full expression of their genetic potential for growth. RP MARKS, HL (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,107 LIVESTOCK POULTRY BLDG,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1012 EP 1017 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LC112 UT WOS:A1993LC11200004 PM 8321811 ER PT J AU ALLEN, PC AF ALLEN, PC TI EFFECTS OF FORMALDEHYDE FUMIGATION OF HOUSING ON CAROTENOID PIGMENTATION IN 3 BREEDS OF CHICKENS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FORMALDEHYDE FUMIGATION; BROILERS; LAYERS; MARIGOLD MEAL; CAROTENOID PIGMENTATION ID STUNTING SYNDROME; BROILER-CHICKENS AB Three breeds of chickens (two broiler breeds, A and B, and one layer breed, C) were raised from 1 day to 3 wk of age in either standard housing or housing additionally fumigated with formaldehyde. Groups of chicks from each breed in both housings received either regular poultry starter ration or this ration supplemented with marigold meal. At 3 wk of age, chicks of all three breeds had higher (111, 113, and 115%) mean body weights when raised in fumigated housing. There was no significant effect of supplemental carotenoids on body weight. Chicks of all three breeds raised in fumigated housing had significantly higher plasma carotenoid concentrations when fed either regular or supplemented feed, and, with the exception of Breed A on regular feed, also had significantly increased skin carotenoid values. No significant differences among breeds in plasma or skin carotenoid values were seen in chicks fed regular ration. However, significant differences were seen among groups of chicks fed supplemental carotenoids. The layer breed, C, had the highest percentage increase in carotenoid pigmentation when fed the carotenoid-supplemented diet in fumigated housing. RP ALLEN, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1040 EP 1045 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LC112 UT WOS:A1993LC11200007 PM 8321812 ER PT J AU BAKST, M HADICK, S PROUDMAN, J MARUYAMA, K AF BAKST, M HADICK, S PROUDMAN, J MARUYAMA, K TI IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF SOME TURKEY PITUITARY-HORMONES USING ANTISERA TO HUMAN HORMONES SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TURKEY; PITUITARY; GROWTH HORMONE; PROLACTIN; HISTOCHEMISTRY AB This study was conducted to determine the crossreactivity of antisera to human prolactin (PRL), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and growth hormone (GH) to turkey pituicytes. In addition, crossreactivities of the above antisera and antiserum to turkey GH to pituicytes of turkey, cat, rabbit, horse, owl monkey, and human were evaluated. Results of the immunocytochemical localizations showed that with one exception antisera to human hormones were positive for each species tested. Turkey pituicytes failed to crossreact with antiserum to human GH. Likewise, antiserum to turkey GH failed to crossreact with owl monkey and human pituicytes. It is suggested that commercially available antisera to human PRL and ACTH but not GH can be used for the immunocytochemical localization of turkey pituicytes producing PRL and ACTH. These observations also suggest that the molecular structure of PRL and ACTH is conserved within the species examined. Likewise, the molecular structure of GH is conserved between the species examined with the exception of that of the primates, which appears to differ from that of the turkey. RP BAKST, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1127 EP 1131 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LC112 UT WOS:A1993LC11200018 PM 8391691 ER PT J AU GAST, RK BEARD, CW AF GAST, RK BEARD, CW TI RESEARCH TO UNDERSTAND AND CONTROL SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS IN CHICKENS AND EGGS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; CHICKENS; EGGS; FOOD SAFETY; RESEARCH ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED HENS; PHAGE TYPE-4; HEAT-RESISTANCE; LAYING HENS; TRANSMISSION; CONSUMPTION; OUTBREAK AB When it became evident that the association of human Salmonella enteritidis (SE) outbreaks with the consumption of contaminated Grade A eggs posed a threat to public health and to the economic viability of the egg industry, research programs were rapidly initiated to investigate the many unanswered questions about SE in eggs and chickens. Research efforts have focused on the dynamics of deposition, survival, and growth of SE in eggs, the pathogenesis of SE in chickens, strategies for detecting SE-infected flocks, opportunities for intervening to prevent infection, the sources of SE in laying flocks, options for effectively cleaning poultry houses, and the epidemiology of SE infections of humans and chickens. This research has provided a substantially better understanding of the SE problem in poultry, but many further questions about the basis for and the prevention of eggborne transmission of SE remain to be answered. RP GAST, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 45 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1157 EP 1163 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LC112 UT WOS:A1993LC11200024 PM 8321820 ER PT J AU CORRIER, DE NISBET, DJ HOLLISTER, AG SCANLAN, CM HARGIS, BM DELOACH, JR AF CORRIER, DE NISBET, DJ HOLLISTER, AG SCANLAN, CM HARGIS, BM DELOACH, JR TI DEVELOPMENT OF DEFINED CULTURES OF INDIGENOUS CECAL BACTERIA TO CONTROL SALMONELLOSIS IN BROILER CHICKS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; FOOD SAFETY; CECAL BACTERIA; LACTOSE; CHEMOSTAT ID CONTINUOUS-FLOW CULTURES; DIETARY LACTOSE; COLONIZATION; TYPHIMURIUM; MICROFLORA; INFECTION; ACID AB An in vitro continuous-flow (CF) culture system was utilized to isolate and maintain a defined mixed culture of indigenous cecal bacteria from adult broilers. The protective effects of the defined CF culture and dietary lactose on Salmonella typhimurium colonization were evaluated in broiler chicks. The CF culture was administered to chicks by crop gavage on the day of hatch. Lactose was provided as 5% (wt/wt) of the feed ration. The chicks were challenged orally with 10(4) S. typhimurium at 3 days of age and evaluated for Salmonella colonization 7 days after challenge. The experiment was repeated in six separate trials using newly hatched chicks and CF culture that was maintained in continuous steady-state conditions from 42 to 190 days. Compared with controls, the mean number of S. typhimurium in the cecal contents of the chicks given CF culture and dietary lactose decreased significantly (P < .01) by 4.2 log10 units. Similarly, the numbers of Salmonella cecal culture-positive chicks was significantly decreased (P < .01) by 55% in the chicks given CF culture and lactose. The results indicated that a defined culture of indigenous cecal bacteria isolated and maintained in CF culture, together with dietary lactose, effectively controlled S. typhimurium cecal colonization in newly hatched broiler chicks. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP CORRIER, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1164 EP 1168 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LC112 UT WOS:A1993LC11200025 PM 8321821 ER PT J AU BAILEY, JS AF BAILEY, JS TI CONTROL OF SALMONELLA AND CAMPYLOBACTER IN POULTRY PRODUCTION - A SUMMARY OF WORK AT RUSSELL RESEARCH-CENTER SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; CAMPYLOBACTER; FOOD SAFETY; RUSSELL RESEARCH CENTER; COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION ID CHICKS; JEJUNI; COLONIZATION; PREVENTION; HATCHERIES; INFECTION; CULTURES; FEED AB The primary mission of the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit is to develop technology preventing commensal intestinal colonization of chickens by human bacterial enteropathogens, including Salmonella and Campylobacter. The different mechanisms of colonization and the wide variety of sources of these pathogens combined with the different factors that affect host susceptibility to colonization indicate that a multifaceted research approach will be required to control Salmonella and Campylobacter during poultry production. The working hypothesis is that only by delivering chickens free of Salmonella or Campylobacter to the processing plant can significant reductions in the number and levels of contamination of chickens leaving the plant with these pathogens be achieved. As the means are developed to substantially reduce or eliminate the intestinal colonization of chickens by these pathogens, the pathogen-free chickens can be delivered to the processing plant, thereby eliminating or at least reducing the prevalence and levels of Salmonella on processed broilers. RP BAILEY, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 27 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1169 EP 1173 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LC112 UT WOS:A1993LC11200026 PM 8321822 ER PT J AU JAMES, WO PRUCHA, JC BREWER, RL AF JAMES, WO PRUCHA, JC BREWER, RL TI COST-EFFECTIVE TECHNIQUES TO CONTROL HUMAN ENTEROPATHOGENS ON FRESH POULTRY SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; FOOD SAFETY; COST-EFFECTIVE TECHNIQUES; POULTRY; PUERTO-RICO PROJECT AB Salmonella is a multi-faceted problem that must be attacked on many fronts. The results of Food Safety and Inspection Service's Puerto Rico Bacterial Control Project confirmed that there is no ''silver bullet.'' The project showed that a combination of management commitment, process control, and specific interventions at key control points can bring about significant improvements in the bacterial quality of fresh poultry. RP JAMES, WO (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1174 EP 1176 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LC112 UT WOS:A1993LC11200027 PM 8321823 ER PT J AU KLEVAY, LM SAARI, JT AF KLEVAY, LM SAARI, JT TI COMPARATIVE RESPONSES OF RATS TO DIFFERENT COPPER INTAKES AND MODES OF SUPPLEMENTATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHOLESTEROL-METABOLISM; OXIDASE ACTIVITY; DEFICIENCY; SERUM; ZINC; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; CERULOPLASMIN; ABNORMALITIES; MICE; ACID AB Purified diets deficient in copper and based on either sucrose, egg white, and corn oil or sucrose, casein, com starch, and safflower oil were fed to young rats. Graded amounts of copper were supplied in drinking solutions with the former diet and by addition to the latter diet; anatomical, chemical, and physiologic responses were compared. Three mug Cu/ml and 5 mug Cu/g were sufficient to maximize the direct assessments of copper nutriture (copper in blood plasma, heart, and liver). Nutritional adequacy by indirect criteria (heart iron, plasma ceruloplasmin, heart weight divided by body weight, plasma cholesterol, and body weight) generally was found with 3 mug/ml and 4 mug/g. Anemia was an insensitive characteristic of deficiency. Liver iron was minimized by 4 mug Cu/ml and 5 mug Cu/g. Most of the differences in response to copper added to water in comparison to copper added to diet probably were explained by the lower amount of copper in the casein diet. Responses to the two dietary regimens were similar when variables were plotted against liver copper. Correlation coefficients with liver copper ranged from 0.52 for liver zinc to 0.96 for heart iron. Liver copper probably is the best index of copper nutriture. RP KLEVAY, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 7166,UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 48 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 203 IS 2 BP 214 EP 220 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA LD339 UT WOS:A1993LD33900012 PM 8502663 ER PT J AU SCHOKNECHT, PA POND, WG AF SCHOKNECHT, PA POND, WG TI SHORT-TERM INGESTION OF A HIGH-PROTEIN DIET INCREASES LIVER AND KIDNEY MASS AND PROTEIN ACCRETION BUT NOT CELLULARITY IN YOUNG-PIGS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FASTING HEAT-PRODUCTION; ORGAN SIZE; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; GROWING SWINE; GROWTH; EFFICIENCY; NUTRITION; FIBER; PLANE AB Increased visceral organ mass raises the energy cost of maintenance in animals. To determine the nutritional factors that affect organ size during growth and development, we studied 12 genetically obese 4-week-old pigs for 14 days. The piglets had free access to either a control (17% protein) or a high protein (34%) diet. They were sacrificed after 14 days and their empty gastrointestinal tracts, livers, and kidneys were weighed and samples were analyzed for protein and DNA concentrations. The absolute and relative (percentage of body weight) weights of liver and kidneys were greater in high protein than control piglets: liver (313 vs 246 g, SD = 24, P < 0.09; 3.61% vs 3.18%, SD = 0.04, P < 0.01); kidneys (57 vs 41 g, SD = 4, P < 0.04; 0.66% vs 0.55%, SD = 0.02, P < 0.01). Protein content was greater in high protein than control pigs in both liver (48.2 vs 34.0 g, SD = 3.4, P < 0.03) and kidneys (6.0 vs 4.6 g, SD = 0.5, P < 0.06). Liver and kidney total DNA were unaffected by diet in both groups. The protein to DNA ratio was greater in high protein than control pigs in both liver (45.4 vs 39.0, SD = 0.6, P < 0.01) and kidneys (26.6 vs 24.9, SD = 0.4, P < 0.02). We conclude that when weaned pigs have free access to a high protein diet (2 x requirement) for 2 weeks, liver and kidney protein accretion increases, suggesting cell hypertrophy, with no clear evidence of cell hyperplasia. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP SCHOKNECHT, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 203 IS 2 BP 251 EP 259 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA LD339 UT WOS:A1993LD33900016 PM 8502665 ER PT J AU DUMAGAN, JC MOUNT, TD AF DUMAGAN, JC MOUNT, TD TI WELFARE EFFECTS OF IMPROVING END-USE EFFICIENCY - THEORY AND APPLICATION TO RESIDENTIAL ELECTRICITY DEMAND SO RESOURCE AND ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID LOGIT-MODELS; SYSTEMS AB This paper applies the money metric approximation to the Hicksian equivalent variation and the generalized logit model of consumer demand to the analysis of the welfare effects of end-use efficiency improvements in various electricity conservation options. The results are compared with the standard cost-effectiveness criterion based on the net present value of energy conservation investments. If the assumptions implicit in the use of this criterion hold, namely, zero end-use price and income elasticities, the net present value of an investment will be the same as the money equivalent of the net welfare change calculated by the money metric. However, the standard net present value becomes less accurate as a measure of welfare change as the end-use price and income elasticities differ significantly from zero. The money metric welfare change measure is theoretically more accurate. It is also more general since it encompasses cases where the above assumptions of the net present value criterion do not hold, i.e, net present value is a special case of the money metric C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP DUMAGAN, JC (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV COMMOD ECON,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-7655 J9 RESOUR ENERGY ECON JI Resour. Energy Econ. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 15 IS 2 BP 175 EP 201 DI 10.1016/0928-7655(93)90003-D PG 27 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LR085 UT WOS:A1993LR08500003 ER PT J AU ROCK, DL AF ROCK, DL TI THE MOLECULAR-BASIS OF LATENT INFECTIONS BY ALPHAHERPESVIRUSES SO SEMINARS IN VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HERPESVIRUS; LATENCY-ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPTS; LATENT INFECTION; VIRAL REACTIVATION; VIRUS-NEURON INTERACTION ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; MOUSE TRIGEMINAL GANGLIA; IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENES; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; SENSORY NEURONS; TYPE-1 DNA; NEURAL TISSUES; PHYSICAL STATE; MESSENGER-RNA; NERVE GANGLIA RP ROCK, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 56 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1044-5773 J9 SEMIN VIROL JI Semin. Virol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 4 IS 3 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1006/smvy.1993.1011 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA LF935 UT WOS:A1993LF93500004 ER PT J AU SYLVIA, DM WILSON, DO GRAHAM, JH MADDOX, JJ MILLNER, P MORTON, JB SKIPPER, HD WRIGHT, SF JARSTFER, AG AF SYLVIA, DM WILSON, DO GRAHAM, JH MADDOX, JJ MILLNER, P MORTON, JB SKIPPER, HD WRIGHT, SF JARSTFER, AG TI EVALUATION OF VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN DIVERSE PLANTS AND SOILS SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GLOMUS-MOSSEAE; POPULATION VARIATION; GROWTH; INFECTIVITY; SYMBIOSIS; RESPONSES; FERTILITY; EFFICACY AB A regional study was made to identify vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi effective in promoting plant growth in diverse plant and soil systems. Eight cooperators in six states of the eastern United States evaluated six VAM fungal isolates on soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in a shared soil and in at least one regional soil from each location. Plants were grown with high VAM inoculum densities (minimum of 20 VAM propagules ml-1) for 42-57 days in pasturized soils in greenhouses or growth chambers. Shoot and root dry masses, total and colonized root lengths and shoot-P concentrations were determined at harvest. Under the experimental conditions tested, the VAM fungal isolate was more important than the soil or host plant in determining effectiveness. In the shared soil, inoculation with two isolates of Glomus (GE329 and GENPI) resulted in the greatest shoot masses for soybeans, while the same two isolates and GE312 provided maximum response in sorghum. In the regional soils, GE329 and GENPI had the widest range of growth promotion with both soybean and sorghum; however, for both plant species the mycorrhizal response was greatest in soils with less than 10 mg extractable P kg-1. For soybeans, colonized root length was not related to VAM growth response. For sorghum, there was a positive correlation between colonized root length and plant growth response. We conclude that VAM isolates exist which are effective in promoting plant growth over a range of edaphic and host conditions. C1 NATL FERTILIZER & ENVIRONM RES CTR,TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,CLEMSON,SC 29634. USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL P WATER LAB,BECKLEY,WV 25801. W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV PLANT & SOIL SCI,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOIL MICROBIAL SYST LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. RP SYLVIA, DM (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 35 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 6 BP 705 EP 713 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(93)90111-N PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LH342 UT WOS:A1993LH34200009 ER PT J AU FRANCOVIZCAINO, E GRAHAM, RC ALEXANDER, EB AF FRANCOVIZCAINO, E GRAHAM, RC ALEXANDER, EB TI PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY AND CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES OF SOILS IN THE CENTRAL DESERT OF BAJA-CALIFORNIA, MEXICO SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB A gradient in plant species diversity was investigated to determine how soil chemical properties limit the distribution of desert plants. Species-poor communities (lacking succulents) growing on basalt-derived soils were compared with richer communities on soils that developed on basalt or quartz diorite. Species richness and density were determined in three 100-m2 quadrats at five sites. Soil samples were collected from A (0-10 cm) and B (10-30 cm) layers near the center of each quadrat. Leaves of species growing in or near quadrats were collected as indicator tissue. Elemental concentrations were measured in soil saturation extracts and leaf tissue digests. Surface soils were non-saline and had near-neutral pH. Soil saturation extracts were high in NaCl and adequate in Ca but low in N, P, B, K, Mg, S, and Fe. Leaves of indicator plants (Viguiera spp.) were high in K, Ca, and Na, medium in B, and low in Mg, P, and some micronutrients. Analysis of variance revealed that the Ca:Mg ratio in the soil solution differed significantly between sites and was lowest at species-rich sites. Simple regression revealed a moderate positive dependence of species richness on Mg in the soil solution and a negative dependence of species richness on soil solution Ca:Mg. But a marked dependence was found when species diversity (Shannon-Weiner H' Index) was regressed on Ca:Mg in the soil solution. These results indicate that the geographic ranges of desert species (and of succulents in particular) can be restricted by even moderate Ca in the rooting medium when Mg is critically low. Magnesium concentration in leaves of species studied in Baja California was among the lowest, and Ca:Mg ratios among the highest ever reported in desert plants. C1 CTR INVEST CIENT & EDUC SUPER ENSENADA,DEPT ECOL,ENSENADA 22800,BAJA CALIFORNIA,MEXICO. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. US FOREST SERV,OGDEN,UT 84401. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 7 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 155 IS 6 BP 406 EP 416 DI 10.1097/00010694-199306000-00006 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LJ743 UT WOS:A1993LJ74300006 ER PT J AU BRADFORD, JM HUANG, C AF BRADFORD, JM HUANG, C TI COMPARISON OF INTERRILL SOIL LOSS FOR LABORATORY AND FIELD PROCEDURES SO SOIL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB This paper focuses on the way that experimental methodology can affect erosion research results. Soil erosion rates obtained from two laboratory soil pan (or plot box) designs were compared with reported field soil loss values. Two types of simulated rainfall, from a constant drop size (4.6 mm) simulator and an oscillating nozzle (mean drop size of 2.3 mm) simulator, were used and both splash and wash (soil losses) were measured from each soil pan. Ranking of soil loss values between a 0.14 m2 soil pan for the constant drop size simulator and the field experiments were directly opposite. Splash and wash for the nozzle type simulator were much less than for the constant drop simulator for the 0.14 m2 box. Wash values for a 0.32 m2 soil pan with a 0.30 m wide surrounding soil border were within the range of reported field soil loss values. Design of the 0.32 m2 pan allows for a separation of erosion sub-processes controlling interrill foil loss. Design of the 0.14 m2 pan limits its use primarily to splash detachment studies. RP BRADFORD, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD SYST RES,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0933-3630 J9 SOIL TECHNOL JI Soil Technol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 6 IS 2 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1016/0933-3630(93)90003-W PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA LP419 UT WOS:A1993LP41900003 ER PT J AU HUNTER, LA JACKMAN, JA SUGDEN, EA AF HUNTER, LA JACKMAN, JA SUGDEN, EA TI DETECTION RECORDS OF AFRICANIZED HONEY-BEES (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) IN TEXAS DURING 1990, 1991 AND 1992 SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS AB Trap lines and morphological identification techniques were used by the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine; the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; and the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas Apiary Inspection Service, during 1990, 1991 and 1992 to determine the location and rate of movement of Africanized honey bee (AHB), Apis mellifera (L.), in south and central Texas. Documentation of these efforts by the Texas Agricultural Extension Service's Texas Plant Pest Survey and Detection Program showed that 53 counties had recorded AHB detections at the end of 1992, an increase from 14 in 1991 and one in 1990. Quarantines were implemented in infested counties by TAIS to decrease the possibility of ''man-assisted'' movement of AHB. C1 USDA ARS,HONEY BEE RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP HUNTER, LA (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 18 IS 2 BP 79 EP 89 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LR997 UT WOS:A1993LR99700001 ER PT J AU MULROONEY, JE WOMAC, AR GREEVER, JC AF MULROONEY, JE WOMAC, AR GREEVER, JC TI THE INFLUENCE OF CARRIER OIL VISCOSITY ON THE TRANSFER OF BIFENTHRIN FROM COTTON TO TOBACCO BUDWORM LARVAE HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS(F) (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB The transfer of bifenthrin/carrier combinations from glass, wax, and cotton leaves to tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens, larvae was determined. Persistence of bifenthrin/oil combinations on the cotton leaf was also determined. Results indicated that the amount of bifenthrin/carrier transferred from glass to sixth-instar tobacco budworm was influenced by viscosity; however, transfer from wax to larvae was not affected. In spray table tests, amounts of bifenthrin bound to leaf surfaces over time were influenced by carrier viscosity. Oils transferred significantly greater (up to 50%) amounts of bifenthrin from cotton leaves to tobacco budworm than water. The transfer of bifenthrin using vegetable and hydrocarbon based oils from cotton leaves to larvae was affected by carrier viscosity; however, there was no relationship between transfer and viscosity when silicone fluid was included in the comparison. Silicone fluid was twice as viscous as soybean oil, yet bifenthrin transfer to tobacco budworm was greatest when mixed in soybean oil. Larval mortality in the bioassay substantiated the amount of bifenthrin detected on larvae in the transfer test. RP MULROONEY, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPLICAT TECHNOL RES UNIT,POB 350,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 18 IS 2 BP 91 EP 100 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LR997 UT WOS:A1993LR99700002 ER PT J AU LINDEGREN, JE MEYER, KF HENNEBERRY, TJ VAIL, PV JECH, LJF VALERO, KA AF LINDEGREN, JE MEYER, KF HENNEBERRY, TJ VAIL, PV JECH, LJF VALERO, KA TI SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PINK-BOLLWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, GELECHIIDAE) SOIL ASSOCIATED STAGES TO THE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE (RHABDITIDA, STEINERNEMATIDAE) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Soil associated stages, pupae, and last-instar larvae of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (PBW), were evaluated for susceptibility to the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) (Mexican strain, Kapow selection). Mean mortality responses of PBW larvae entering the soil naturally compared to larvae buried artificially (2.5 cm deep) are 99.5 and 73.4%, respectively, at 15 infective juveniles/larva. The time required for nematode infection of larvae (38.0/cm2 soil surface) was 24 h or less. Larval mortality was significantly reduced at 15.6-degrees-C compared with 21.1, 26.7, and 32.2-degrees-C. Live nematodes were found in PBW larvae at all temperatures tested except 32.2-degrees-C. Reproduction of juveniles was evident 3 days after exposure at 26.7-degrees-C. At 26.7-degrees-C, mortality of nondiapause larvae was not significantly different than diapause larvae. Pupae were not susceptible unless injured. Entomopathogenic nematodes have potential as a biological control agent for PBW when larvae enter the soil. RP LINDEGREN, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 18 IS 2 BP 113 EP 120 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LR997 UT WOS:A1993LR99700004 ER PT J AU HENDRICKS, DE AF HENDRICKS, DE TI ACCURACY OF AN AUTOMATIC SYSTEM USED WITH PHEROMONES TO DETECT AND COUNT TOBACCO BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE (SUBF, HELIOTHINAE)) AND BOLLWORM (HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS (F)) AND (HELICOVERPA-ZEA (BODDIE)) MOTHS IN THE FIELD SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TRAPS AB An automatic moth detection system was more than 98% accurate in detecting either male bollworm (corn earworm) moths, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), near corn or tobacco budworm moths, Heliothis virescens (F.), near cotton during a 6-month period from May to October. A network of moth detector units, baited with sex pheromone lures for either species, provided moth abundance data on a continual basis. A telemetry signal was sent from these detector units each time a moth was detected, and a HQ base receiver and computer tallied the telemetry signals throughout the nighttime hours. Moth detection data reported from automatic detectors can be combined with estimates of egg or larvae densities determined from plant inspections and used to characterize population development and determine the need for applying insecticides. The cost of one or possibly two applications of pesticides could be eliminated by applying these toxins only when substantial increases in numbers of moths, eggs, or larvae are indicated. RP HENDRICKS, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,POB 346,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 18 IS 2 BP 129 EP 141 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LR997 UT WOS:A1993LR99700006 ER PT J AU CUTLER, ET MAGIDMAN, P MARMER, WN AF CUTLER, ET MAGIDMAN, P MARMER, WN TI PYROLYSIS-GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY OF HERCOSETT 125 FINISH ON WOOL SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article ID POLYAMIDE-EPICHLOROHYDRIN RESIN; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMERS AB A sensitive and accurate method has been developed for measuring the level of shrinkage control agent, Hercosett 125, on wool that takes about two hours per sample. The method is based on pyrolysis-gas chromatography, wherein a small sample (200 to 240 micrograms) is pyrolyzed at 764C and conveyed to a GC capillary column for detection of cyclopentanone, the signal pyrolysate of adipic acid. A linear correlation exists between the Hercosett content on wool and the ratio of the cyclopentanone peak and a nearby reference peak arising from wool protein. Samples as small as 20 micrograms have been analyzed. This method is limited in scope to Hercosett treated wool. It cannot be used to analyze blends of wool and nylon fibers unless used as an adjunct to ASTM Method D 629-88. C1 USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA. RP CUTLER, ET (reprint author), PILOT RES & DEV CO,POB 32,MERION,PA 19066, USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 25 IS 6 BP 27 EP 29 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA LG792 UT WOS:A1993LG79200005 ER PT J AU MONTE, JV MCINTYRE, CL GUSTAFSON, JP AF MONTE, JV MCINTYRE, CL GUSTAFSON, JP TI ANALYSIS OF PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS IN THE TRITICEAE TRIBE USING RFLPS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE CLADOGRAM; PHENOGRAM; PHYLOGENETIC TREE; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; TRITICEAE TRIBE ID EVOLUTION AB The use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms in combination with other approaches is very useful for the reconstruction of evolutionary events revealing phylogenetic relationships. A set of 21 cDNA probes hybridizing to different chromosome arms in hexaploid wheat was used in a series of experiments designed to estimate the phylogenetic relationships among and within 16 species of the Triticeae tribe. A high degree of polymorphism was found both between and within the species examined. The RFLP data were used to generate a cladogram and a phenogram in order to compare the two different methods of constructing phylogenetic trees. The results of both methods were consistent with each other and with the general taxonomic information provided by earlier morphological studies, meiotic pairing analysis, isozyme tests, and sequence alignment in the Ter, NOR, and 5s DNA loci. In addition, several correlations were found between the geographical origin of accessions from the same species and their phylogenetic relationships as shown by the cladogram and phenogram. C1 CSIRO,DIV TROP CROPS & PASTURES,CUNNINGHAM LAB,ST LUCIA,QLD 4067,AUSTRALIA. UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT SCI UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP MONTE, JV (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. RI McIntyre, Cathrine/F-5782-2011 NR 20 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 86 IS 5 BP 649 EP 655 DI 10.1007/BF00838722 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA LK332 UT WOS:A1993LK33200018 PM 24193716 ER PT J AU GRULKE, NE HOM, JL ROBERTS, SW AF GRULKE, NE HOM, JL ROBERTS, SW TI PHYSIOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT OF 2 FULL-SIB FAMILIES OF PONDEROSA PINE TO ELEVATED CO2 SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Seeds from two full-sib families of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) with known differences in growth rates were germinated and grown in an ambient (350 mul l-1) or elevated (700 mul l-1) CO2 concentration. Gas exchange at both ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations was measured 1, 6,39, and 112 days after the seed coat was shed. Initial stimulation of CO2 exchange rate (CER) by elevated CO2 was large (> 100%). On Day 1, CER of seedlings grown in elevated CO2 and measured at ambient CO2 was significantly lower than the CER of seedlings grown and measured at ambient CO2, indicating physiological adjustment of the seedlings exposed to elevated CO2. Physiological acclimation to elevated CO2 was complete by Day 39 when there was no significant difference in CER between seedlings grown and measured at ambient CO2 and seedlings grown and measured at elevated CO2. After 4 months, the light response of seedlings in the two treatments was determined at both ambient and elevated CO2. Light compensation point, CER at light saturation, and apparent quantum efficiency of seedlings grown and measured at ambient CO2 were not significantly different from those of seedlings grown and measured at elevated CO2. With a short-term increase in CO2, CER at light saturation (5.16 +/- 0.52 versus 3.13 +/- 0.30 mumol CO2 m-2 s-1 ) and apparent quantum efficiency (0.082 +/- 0.011 versus 0.045 +/- 0.003 mumol CO2 mumol-1 quanta) were significantly increased. Leaf C/N ratio was significantly increased in the elevated CO2 treatment. There were few significant differences between families for any response to elevated CO2. Under the experimental conditions, high growth rate was not correlated with a greater response to elevated CO2. RP GRULKE, NE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,4955 CANYON CREST DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 0 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA BOX 5579 STATION B, VICTORIA BC V8R 6S4, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4 BP 391 EP 401 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LF560 UT WOS:A1993LF56000005 ER PT J AU KUMOSINSKI, TF FARRELL, HM AF KUMOSINSKI, TF FARRELL, HM TI DETERMINATION OF THE GLOBAL SECONDARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS BY FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED (FTIR) SPECTROSCOPY SO TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CONFORMATION AB in the development of new foods or in the control of traditional processes, protein functionality plays a paramount role. It has long been theorized that changes in protein structure can alter functionality, but there has been a lack of reliable methodologies for observing protein structural changes in 'real-world' food samples. Here, a technique for determination of the global secondary structure of proteins using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in H2O instead of D2O is assessed and contrasted with other methodologies for structural determinations. A quantitative procedure is presented for preparing and analysing FTIR spectra of proteins for the determination of their global secondary structural components. As an example, an analysis of the FTIR spectra of egg-white lysozyme is presented and correlated with global secondary structure values calculated from its X-ray crystallographic structure. Other examples of FTIR analyses of food proteins are presented with consideration given to qualitative procedures for more rapid structural analysis of processed samples. RP KUMOSINSKI, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 9 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0924-2244 J9 TRENDS FOOD SCI TECH JI Trends Food Sci. Technol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 4 IS 6 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1016/0924-2244(93)90119-U PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA LK197 UT WOS:A1993LK19700003 ER PT J AU COLE, DM AF COLE, DM TI PROBLEMS IN LODGEPOLE PINE THINNINGS - BASAL LIVE LIMBS AND FILL-IN REGENERATION SO USDA FOREST SERVICE INTERMOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE PINUS-CONTORTA; THINNING; TIMBER STAND IMPROVEMENT; INGRESS; SPACING; WESTERN MONTANA; EASTERN IDAHO AB Leaders that develop from live limbs left on stumps in thinning operations must be removed if thinning goals are to be fully realized. A linear regression model was developed to relate the height of the lowest live limbs of lodgepole pine trees to their age and height, and to the stand density. Three-dimensional graphs show the combinations of age, height, and stand density least likely to have live limbs within 0.5 ft of the ground. Fill-in regeneration was counted at four locations in western Montana and eastern Idaho over a 17-year period following thinnings to five different spacing levels. The amount of lodgepole pine ingress increased with spacing level; however, in the last 6 years of the study, seedling establishment declined at the narrowest (6 by 6 ft) spacing and increased at the widest (18 by 18 ft). Management implications are discussed, and several management guidelines are given. RP COLE, DM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMOUNTAIN RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,BOZEMAN,MT, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU USDA FOR SERV INT EXP STA PI OGDEN PA 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 SN 0146-3551 J9 USDA FOR SERV INT R JI USDA For. Serv. Intermt. Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD JUN PY 1993 IS 466 BP 1 EP & PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LU449 UT WOS:A1993LU44900001 ER PT J AU HOLSTEN, EH AF HOLSTEN, EH TI EFFECTIVENESS OF POLYETHYLENE SHEETING IN CONTROLLING SPRUCE BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) IN INFESTED STACKS OF SPRUCE FIREWOOD IN ALASKA SO USDA FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE INSECTS; SPRUCE BEETLE; DENDROCTONUS-RUFIPENNIS; PICEA SPP; FIREWOOD; POLYETHYLENE SHEETING; LETHAL TEMPERATURES; ALASKA (SOUTH-CENTRAL) AB Covering stacks of spruce firewood with either clear or black polyethylene sheeting does not raise log temperatures high enough to kill spruce beetle brood in the logs. Based on the results of this study, we do not recommend the use of polyethylene sheeting as a remedial measure for the reduction of spruce beetle brood in infested firewood or log decks in south-central Alaska. RP HOLSTEN, EH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ALASKA REG,STATE & PRIVATE FORESTRY,201 E 9TH AVE,SUITE 206,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA FOR SERV PNW RES STN PI PORTLAND PA 333 SW FIRST AVE, PO BOX 3890, PUBLICATIONS DEPT, PORTLAND, OR 97208 SN 0882-5165 J9 USDA FOR SERV PNW RE JI USDA For. Serv. Pac. Northwest Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD JUN PY 1993 IS 466 BP U1 EP 6 PG 0 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LT911 UT WOS:A1993LT91100001 ER PT J AU GRUBMAN, MJ LEWIS, SA MORGAN, DO AF GRUBMAN, MJ LEWIS, SA MORGAN, DO TI PROTECTION OF SWINE AGAINST FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE WITH VIRAL CAPSID PROTEINS EXPRESSED IN HETEROLOGOUS SYSTEMS SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE; VIRAL CAPSID PROTEIN; RECOMBINANT BACULOVIRUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANTIGENIC SITES; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; NEUTRALIZING EPITOPES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; EMPTY PARTICLES; VIRUS PROTEINS; GUINEA-PIGS; IDENTIFICATION; PEPTIDE AB Three groups of swine were each inoculated with- a different antigen preparation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid proteins and challenged by contact exposure to animals infected with FMDV. One group of four animals was inoculated with an extract from cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus containing the FMDV P1-2A structural protein precursor gene and a portion of the P2 gene. Two out of four animals were protected from clinical disease, but not from virus replication. A second group of animals was inoculated with an extract from Escherichia coli that expressed FMDV proteins from a construct containing the P1-2A gene, a portion of the P2 gene and the 3C protease gene. Three out of four animals in this group did not develop clinical signs of FMD upon challenge and two of four were protected against virus replication. In contrast, inoculation of a third group of swine with an extract from E. coli expressing the same FMDV construct as present in the recombinant baculovirus failed to protect any of the four animals from generalized FMD. RP GRUBMAN, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,NAA,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944, USA. NR 50 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 4 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUN PY 1993 VL 11 IS 8 BP 825 EP 829 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(93)90357-4 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA LH325 UT WOS:A1993LH32500004 PM 8395128 ER PT J AU BRUNINGFANN, CS KANEENE, JB AF BRUNINGFANN, CS KANEENE, JB TI THE EFFECTS OF NITRATE, NITRITE, AND N-NITROSO COMPOUNDS ON ANIMAL HEALTH SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID WELL-WATER NITRATES; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; SODIUM-NITRITE; POTASSIUM-NITRATE; D-XYLOSE; BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS; DIETARY NITRATE; HUMAN SALIVA; RATS; METHEMOGLOBINEMIA AB The clinical signs of acute nitrate toxicity vary according to species. In general, ruminant animals develop methemoglobinemia while monogastric animals exhibit severe gastritis. Nitrate ingestion has also been linked to impairment of thyroid function, decreased feed consumption, and interference with vitamin A and E metabolism. Hematologic changes seen with chronic high nitrate exposure include both compensatory increases in red blood cells and anemia, along with increased neutrophils and eosinophils. Unlike nitrate, nitrite is capable of inducing methemoglobinemia in a wide range of species, ie cattle, sheep, swine, dogs, guinea pigs, rats, chickens and turkeys. In rats, chronic nitrite exposure causes pathologic changes in a variety of tissues, alterations in motor activity and brain electrical activity, and alters gastric mucosal absorption. Nitrite affects the metabolism of sulfonamide drugs in animals such as the pig, guinea pig, and rat. The N-nitroso compound dimethylnitrosamine causes toxic hepatosis in cattle, sheep, mink, and fox. Nitrosamines have been reported in cows milk and been found to pass into the milk of goats under experimental conditions. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,CTR POPULAT MED,VET MED CTR A109,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA,APHIS,VS,HOLT,MI 48842. NR 261 TC 95 Z9 103 U1 4 U2 34 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB KANSAS STATE UNIV PI MANHATTAN PA MANHATTAN, KS 66506 SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 35 IS 3 BP 237 EP 253 PG 17 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA LC997 UT WOS:A1993LC99700012 PM 8351799 ER PT J AU COE, NE FRANK, DE ROTH, JA AF COE, NE FRANK, DE ROTH, JA TI EFFECT OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN CYTOKINES ON PORCINE NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; BOVINE NEUTROPHILS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; FACTOR-ALPHA; ACTIVATION; INTERLEUKIN-2; INVITRO; CDNA; CYTOTOXICITY AB The activity of four recombinant human cytokines on porcine neutrophils was evaluated. Porcine neutrophils were treated with varying doses of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rHu-TNF), interferon-gamma (rHu-IFN), interleukin-8 (rHu-IL-8), or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rHu-GM-CSF). The function of treated neutrophils was compared with that of non-treated controls in the following assays: antibody-independent neutrophil cytotoxicity (AINC), antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), iodination, Staphylococcus aureus ingestion, cytochrome C reduction, random migration, and chemotaxis. Treatment with rHu-TNF produced significant (P<0.05) depression of neutrophil random migration (2.5, 25, and 250 ng ml-1 rHu-TNF) and iodination (250 ng ml-1) and a near significant (P=0.08) depression in ADCC (250 ng ml-1). Treatment with 25000 U ml-1 of rHu-IFN caused a significant increase in AINC. At lower doses of rHu-IFN, there was a trend (0.05

5% frequency. The average observed population heterozygosity index demonstrates a north-south cline with higher allelic variation associated with both lower latitudes and corn-sorghum crop types. Nei's genetic distance values suggests high genetic identity among all populations, with some clustering based on geographic locale. We conclude this Iadybird beetle is genetically very variable, and that some of this variation is maintained by selection. RP STEINER, WWM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,POB 7629,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 86 IS 3 BP 309 EP 321 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC231 UT WOS:A1993MC23100010 ER PT J AU TEAL, PEA OOSTENDORP, A AF TEAL, PEA OOSTENDORP, A TI INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS AND HELIOTHIS-SUBFLEXA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) AFFECTS THE PRESENCE AND STRUCTURE OF HAIR-PENCIL GLANDS OF MALES SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE HELIOTHIS SPP; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS; HAIR-PENCIL GLANDS ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENTS; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; SULFUR BUTTERFLIES; OLFACTORY RESPONSE; COLIAS-EURYTHEME; INHERITANCE; MOTHS; PHILODICE; GENES AB The effect of interspecific hybridization on the inheritance of hair-pencil glands was studied by crossing Heliothis virescens (F.), whose males have hair-pencil glands, with H. subflexa (Guenee), whose males lack hair pencils. Males from reciprocal interspecies crosses had hair-pencil glands the structure of which -resembled those of H. virescens males. Backcross males from crosses between (H. virescens female x H. subflexa male) F1 x H. subflexa male lacked hair-pencil glands and were morphologically similar to H. subflexa males. The hair-pencil glands of first-generation backcross males from all other combinations resembled those of H. virescens. Second-generation backcross males from crosses, in which both Z chromosomes were inherited from H. subflexa, lacked hair pencils. However, second-generation backcross males that inherited at least one of the Z chromosomes from H. virescens were phenotypically similar to H. virescens. These results indicated that the presence of hair-pencil glands is regulated by a dominant allele of a locus or a group of genes located on the Z chromosome of H. virescens. RP TEAL, PEA (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAVIOR & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 86 IS 3 BP 322 EP 326 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC231 UT WOS:A1993MC23100011 ER PT J AU IMAM, SH GREENE, RV GRIFFIN, HL AF IMAM, SH GREENE, RV GRIFFIN, HL TI BINDING OF EXTRACELLULAR CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE ACTIVITY FROM THE MARINE SHIPWORM BACTERIUM TO INSOLUBLE CELLULOSIC SUBSTRATES SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL SURFACE INTERACTIONS; CHLAMYDOMONAS CELL-WALL; LACTOBACILLUS-AMYLOVORUS; PLASTIC FILMS; ADHESION; ENDOGLUCANASE; SPECIFICITY; ADSORPTION; FRAMEWORK; CELLULASE AB The binding of extracellular endoglucanase, a carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), produced by the marine shipworm bacterium to insoluble cellulose substrates was investigated. Up to 70% of CMCase activity bound to cellulosic substrates, and less than 10% bound to noncellulosic substrates. CMCase binding to cellulose was enhanced in basal salt medium or sodium phosphate buffer containing 0.5 M NaCl. Increased cellulose particle size correlated with decreased CMCase binding. Also, cellulose treated with either 5 N NaOH or commercial cellulase reduced the CMCase binding to these surfaces. Pretreatment of CMCase preparations with 0.01% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 5% beta-mercaptoethanol, and 5 mM EDTA or ethylene glycol-bis(13-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) had little effect on binding to cellulose. While pretreatment of CMCase with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pronase had little effect on CMCase enzymatic activity, the ability to bind to cellulose was greatly diminished by these treatments. RP IMAM, SH (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1259 EP 1263 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LA780 UT WOS:A1993LA78000001 PM 16348923 ER PT J AU NACHAMKIN, I YANG, XH STERN, NJ AF NACHAMKIN, I YANG, XH STERN, NJ TI ROLE OF CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI FLAGELLA AS COLONIZATION FACTORS FOR 3-DAY-OLD CHICKS - ANALYSIS WITH FLAGELLAR MUTANTS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENES; MUTAGENESIS; EXPRESSION; ENTERITIS; MOTILITY; FETUS; FLAA; COLI AB Campylobacter jejuni, an important cause of human gastrointestinal infection, is a major food-borne pathogen in the United States and worldwide. Since poultry becomes colonized and/or contaminated during the early stages of production and is a major food-borne source for this organism, we studied the role of C. jejuni flagella on the ability of the bacterium to colonize the chicken gastrointestinal tract. Three-day-old chicks were orally challenged with a motile wild-type strain of C. jejuni IN9 or with flagellar mutants created from IN9 by disrupting the flagellin genes with a kanamycin resistance cassette by using shuttle mutagenesis (A. Labigne-Roussel, P. Courcoux, and L. Tompkins, J. Bacteriol. 170:1704-1708, 1988). One mutant, IN9-N3, lacked flagella and was nonmotile. The other, IN9-N7, produced a truncated flagellum and was partially motile. Three-day-old chicks were orally challenged with different doses of the wild-type strain and the two mutants. At challenge doses ranging from 3.0 x 10(4) to 6.6 x 10(8) CFU per chick, only the fully motile, wild-type strain colonized the chick ceca. Our results show that intact and motile flagella are important colonization factors for C. jejuni in chicks. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP NACHAMKIN, I (reprint author), UNIV PENN,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-24122] NR 36 TC 137 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1269 EP 1273 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LA780 UT WOS:A1993LA78000003 PM 8517729 ER PT J AU FREER, SN AF FREER, SN TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE EXTRACELLULAR ALPHA-AMYLASE FROM STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS JB1 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMYLOLYTIC ENZYMES; BACILLUS-LICHENIFORMIS; STEPWISE ADAPTATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RUMINAL BACTERIA; BETA-AMYLASE; RUMEN; GLUCOAMYLASE; SUBTILIS; SHEEP AB The extracellular alpha-amylase (1,4-alpha-D-glucanglucanohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.1) from maltose-grown Streptococcus bovis JB1 was purified to apparent homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography (Mono Q). The enzyme had an isoelectric point of 4.50 and an apparent molecular mass of 77,000 Da, as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was rich in acidic and hydrophobic amino acids. The 15-amino-acid NH2-terminal sequence was 40% homologous with the Bacillus subtilis saccharifying alpha-amylase and 27% homologous with the Clostridium acetobutylicum alpha-amylase. Alpha-Amylase activity on soluble starch was optimal at pH 5.0 to 6.0. The enzyme was relatively stable between pH 5.5 and 8.5 and at temperatures below 50-degrees-C. When soluble potato starch was used as the substrate, the enzyme had a K(m) of 0.88 mg . ml-1 and a k(cat) of 2,510 mumol of reducing sugar . min-1 . mg of protein-1. The enzyme exhibited neither pullulanase nor dextranase activity and was 40 to 70% as active on amylopectin as on amylose. The major end products of amylose hydrolysis were maltose, maltotriose, and maltotetraose. RP FREER, SN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1398 EP 1402 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LA780 UT WOS:A1993LA78000022 PM 8517735 ER PT J AU SMITH, M ZAHNLEY, J PFEIFER, D GOFF, D AF SMITH, M ZAHNLEY, J PFEIFER, D GOFF, D TI GROWTH AND CHOLESTEROL OXIDATION BY MYCOBACTERIUM SPECIES IN TWEEN 80 MEDIUM SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STEROID TRANSFORMATIONS; MICROORGANISMS; DEGRADATION AB Mycobacterium strain DP was isolated from marine coastal sediment and tested for its ability to oxidize cholesterol in Tween 80-cholesterol (2.59 mM) medium. Strain DP degraded cholesterol to 4-cholesten-3-one (cholestenone), 4-androsten-3,17-dione (AD), 1,4-androstadien-3,17-dione (ADD), testosterone, and 1-dehydrotestosterone (DHT). Cholesterol disappeared in about 4 days. Cholestenone, AD, testosterone, and DHT accumulations were transient with peak concentrations of 300, 600, 30 to 40, and 21 muM. ADD production peaked after 6 days with a concentration of 1,100 muM. Peak ADD concentrations and production rates compared well with those reported for strain NRRL B3683 on cyclodextrin medium. Tween 80 medium was superior to finely dispersed cholesterol particles for both strains. In comparison, NRRL B3683 (patented for its ability to accumulate AD and ADD) on Tween 80 medium transiently accumulated more AD (approximately 1,000 muM) than did strain DP, but ADD accumulations (200 muM) were significantly lower than those for strain DP. Strain DP could be adapted to grow on ADD, which was initially inhibitory at 3.25 mM. ADD-adapted strain DP cultures produced approximately four times as much DHT from ADD than unadapted cultures did from cholesterol, showing that additional manipulation might enhance testosterone production. We believe that ADD toxicity might account for the low ADD accumulations by NRRL B3683 in Tween 80 medium. RP SMITH, M (reprint author), USDA,W REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 23 TC 37 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1425 EP 1429 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LA780 UT WOS:A1993LA78000026 PM 8517738 ER PT J AU BLAYLOCK, JR BLISARD, WN AF BLAYLOCK, JR BLISARD, WN TI WINE CONSUMPTION BY UNITED-STATES MEN SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB Wine consumption is modelled by focusing on three decisions. The first is whether to consume any alcoholic beverages. Setting aside the teetotalers, the second decision is whether to consume wine and the third choice is how much to consume. We model these decisions using a double-hurdle approach. Our econometric results indicate that the probability a man drinks wine increases if he is under age 65, has a high income and is a high school graduate. Heavy wine consumers are over age 65, are well educated, physically active, and have high incomes. RP BLAYLOCK, JR (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV COMMOD ECON,ROOM 1124,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4P 4EE SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 25 IS 5 BP 645 EP 651 DI 10.1080/00036849300000009 PG 7 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA LB824 UT WOS:A1993LB82400009 ER PT J AU VESONDER, RF GASDORF, H PETERSON, RE AF VESONDER, RF GASDORF, H PETERSON, RE TI COMPARISON OF THE CYTOTOXICITIES OF FUSARIUM METABOLITES AND ALTERNARIA METABOLITE AAL-TOXIN TO CULTURED MAMMALIAN-CELL LINES SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYCOTOXINS AB Four water-soluble Fusarium metabolites (fumonisin B1, fusaric acid, butenolide and moniliformin), water-insoluble pigment (8-O-methylbostrycoidin), and an Alternaria metabolite (AAL-toxin) were tested for relative cytotoxicity to five established mammalian cell lines. Butenolide was the most cytotoxic to all five cell lines. LC50s were; 1 mug/ml to rat hepatoma (RH) (tumors derived from parenchymal cells), 7 mug/ml to baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) fibroblast cells, and 15 mug/ml to McCoy mouse (MM) fibroblast cells: LC100s were 1 mug/ml to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) fibroblast cells, and 5 mug/ml to dog kidney (MDCK) fibroblast cells. Fusaric acid was cytotoxic to the MDCK, MM, RH, and CHO cell lines; moniliformin was cytotoxic to the RH, CHO, and MDCK, cell lines. The pigment, however, was cytotoxic only to RH and CHO cell lines. Fumonisin B, and a related toxin, AAL-toxin, at a high dose level (100 mug/ml) were not cytotoxic to the RH, BHK, MM, CHO and MDCK cell lines. T-2 toxin was used as a positive control, and inhibited all cell lines at the nanogram level. The difference in response of these five cell lines to the toxic metabolites, that were noted in this study, was then used to evaluate nine HPLC fractions obtained from a methanol-water extract of an F. moniliforme culture. The results indicated that this type of cytotoxicity assay may be useful in following the isolation of metabolites from extracts of Fusarium culture, especially F. moniliforme. RP VESONDER, RF (reprint author), USDA,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 13 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 24 IS 4 BP 473 EP 477 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LA322 UT WOS:A1993LA32200010 PM 8507101 ER PT J AU PORTER, SD TSCHINKEL, WR AF PORTER, SD TSCHINKEL, WR TI FIRE ANT THERMAL PREFERENCES - BEHAVIORAL-CONTROL OF GROWTH AND METABOLISM SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA BUREN; TEMPERATURE PREFERENCE; HEAT-PRODUCTION; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; THERMOREGULATION; DIVISION; COLONIES; SALMON; CASTES AB Thermal preferences of well-fed and food-limited fire ant colonies (Solenopsis invicta) were studied in relation to colony growth and metabolic costs. The growth curve for well-fed colonies was strongly skewed toward warmer temperatures with maximal growth occurring near 32-degrees-C (Fig. 2 A). The growth curve for food-limited colonies was skewed toward cooler temperatures with maximal colony size occurring around 25-degrees-C (Fig. 2 B). Food-limited colonies apparently grew larger at cooler temperatures because metabolic costs of workers were reduced. A series of binary choice tests confirmed three predictions concerning fire ant thermal preferences (Figs. 3-4). First, well-fed colonies preferred brood temperatures very near the optimum for colony growth (31-degrees-C versus 32-degrees-C). Colonies were also able to select appropriate suboptimal growth temperatures when the optimal range was unavailable. Secondly, as predicted, a large percentage of colony workers (approximately 30% in well-fed colonies) consistently chose cooler temperatures than those selected for the brood. This strategy probably increases longevity of workers not directly associated with brood care. Thirdly, food-limited colonies preferred cooler temperatures than well-fed colonies. Metabolic costs of food-limited colonies were reduced by approximately 7% because of (1) slightly cooler brood temperatures (30-degrees-C versus 31-degrees-C) and because (2) an additional 20-30% of the workers selected cooler temperatures. The addition of excess food reversed food-limited thermal preferences within 12 h for the brood (Fig. 5) and several days for the workers. Contrary to expectations, thermal preferences for brood in food-limited colonies did not match the food-limited growth curve, perhaps because fire ant colonies can choose to rear brood at warm temperatures while maintaining accumulated colony biomass at cooler temperatures. C1 FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. RP PORTER, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 53 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 32 IS 5 BP 321 EP 329 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA LC933 UT WOS:A1993LC93300004 ER PT J AU LEWIS, CG FIELDS, M BURNS, WA LURE, MD AF LEWIS, CG FIELDS, M BURNS, WA LURE, MD TI EFFECT OF COENZYME-Q(10) SUPPLEMENTATION ON CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY OF MALE-RATS CONSUMING A HIGH-FRUCTOSE, LOW-COPPER DIET SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COPPER DEFICIENCY; HEART ULTRASTRUCTURE; CARBOHYDRATE X COPPER INTERACTION; CARDIAC PATHOLOGY; ANTIOXIDANT ID DEFICIENCY; CARDIOMYOPATHY; MITOCHONDRIAL; ENLARGEMENT; DISMUTASE; TISSUES; THERAPY; IRON AB Administration of coenzyme Q10 to humans and animals has a beneficial effect on a number of cardiac diseases. The purpose of the present study was to determine if coenzyme Q10 treatment could ameliorate cardiac abnormalities associated with the carbohydrate x copper interaction in rats. Weanling male rats were provided with a copper-deficient diet (0.6 mug Cu/g) containing either 62.7% starch (S-Cu) or fructose (F-Cu) for 5 wk. Half of the rats provided with the F-Cu diet were given daily oral supplements of 300 mg coenzyme Q10/kg body weight (F-Cu + Q). Heart hypertrophy, liver enlargement, or pancreatic atrophy were not affected by, nor was body growth or anemia improved by, supplementation with coenzyme Q10 when compared to rats fed only the F-Cu diet. Hearts from rats fed the F-Cu diet had severe inflammation, degeneration, fibrosis, and giant mitochondria with abnormal cristae. Hearts from F-Cu + Q rats had similar mitochondrial changes as the F-Cu rat hearts but without any apparent degenerative changes. None of the F-Cu + Q rats, but 30% of the F-Cu rats, died during the study as a result of heart rupture. These observations show that whereas coenzyme Q10 treatment did not prevent the cardiac hypertrophy of the carbohydrate x copper interaction, it did play a role in maintaining the integrity of the heart. C1 VET ADM MED CTR,LAB SERV,E ORANGE,NJ 07019. GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,DIV ENDOCRINOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. RP LEWIS, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BHNRC,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 37 IS 2-3 BP 137 EP 149 DI 10.1007/BF02783789 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LH343 UT WOS:A1993LH34300006 PM 7688527 ER PT J AU STAFFORD, AE LIN, JT MUROFUSHI, N AF STAFFORD, AE LIN, JT MUROFUSHI, N TI EFFECT OF VERNALIZING CONDITIONS ON THE CONCENTRATIONS OF ENDOGENOUS GIBBERELLINS IN WHEAT SEEDLINGS SO BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHINESE SPRING WHEAT; ZEA-MAYS-L; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; VEGETATIVE SHOOTS; PISUM-SATIVUM; DWARF; CHROMATOGRAPHY; CULTIVARS; TALL; IDENTIFICATION AB In Chinese spring wheat (Triticum aestivum), GA1, GA3, GA8, GA9, GA17, GA19, GA20, GA29, GA44, and GA53 were identified in the mature leaves, GA1, GA3, GA8, GA19, GA20, GA29, GA44, and GA53 in the sheath segments, and GA1, GA3, GA19, GA20, GA44, and GA53 in the roots of seedlings, based on C18 HPLC, GC-SIM and KRI data. Seven of these GAs were quantified by capillary GC-SIM, using deuterated GA1, GA3, GA8, GA9, GA19, GA20, and GA53 as internal standards. The concentrations of these GAs tended to be highest in the sheath segments and lowest in the roots. In general, higher concentrations of GA53, GA19, and GA3 were present in mature leaves, sheath segments, and roots of seedlings grown under vernalizing conditions (low temperature, short photoperiod, and low light intensity), while the concentrations of GA20, GA1, GA8, and GA9 were higher in seedlings grown under non-vernalizing conditions (higher temperature, longer photoperiod, and higher light intensity). The relative concentrations of GA53, GA19, GA20, GA1, and GA8 from the two growing conditions lead us to infer that the conversion of GA19 to GA20 (C20-GA to C19-GA) would be a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of GA1, this GA being apparently responsible for shoot elongation in wheat. This rate-limiting step may be associated with a short photoperiod and/or low light intensity. C1 USDA, WESTERN REG RES CTR, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. UNIV TOKYO, DEPT AGR CHEM, BUNKYO KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0916-8451 EI 1347-6947 J9 BIOSCI BIOTECH BIOCH JI Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 57 IS 5 BP 715 EP 719 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LE388 UT WOS:A1993LE38800005 ER PT J AU ROWLAND, LJ NGUYEN, B AF ROWLAND, LJ NGUYEN, B TI USE OF POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL FOR PURIFICATION OF DNA FROM LEAF TISSUE OF WOODY-PLANTS SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note RP ROWLAND, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD MAY PY 1993 VL 14 IS 5 BP 734 EP & PG 0 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LA812 UT WOS:A1993LA81200010 PM 8512690 ER PT J AU SILK, GW WU, M AF SILK, GW WU, M TI 3' TRANSCRIPT MAPPING OF THE CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII CHLOROPLAST PSBK MESSENGER-RNA USING A NOVEL METHOD TO PREPARE 3' END-LABELED SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA PROBES SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID 4-KD K-POLYPEPTIDE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; GENE AB We have developed a novel method for the rapid preparation of large quantities of 3' end-labeled single-stranded (ss) DNA (ssDNA) probes for transcript mapping. A recombinant phagemid vector containing the probe sequence was used to raise large quantities of ssDNA. Based on the DNA sequence of the probe, an oligonucleotide primer complementary to the ssDNA probe was synthesized Annealing of the primer to the purified ssDNA phagemid clone produced a short double-stranded DNA duplex containing a restriction site, which was then cut with a restriction enzyme to generate a 5' overhang of the primer strand. The phagemid DNA was labeled at the 3' end with the Klenow fragment of polymerase I. The low melting temperatures of the short primer-phagemid duplex caused the primer to dissociate during the hybridization of the probe to algal RNA. For this reason, the probe can be used for S1 mapping without further purification. This method was used to map the 3' end of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast psbK transcript. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP SILK, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BARC W BLDG 006,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD MAY PY 1993 VL 14 IS 5 BP 830 EP 833 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LA812 UT WOS:A1993LA81200035 PM 8512710 ER PT J AU STREETT, DA WOODS, SA AF STREETT, DA WOODS, SA TI EPIZOOTIOLOGY OF A NOSEMA SP (MICROSPORIDA, NOSEMATIDAE) INFECTING THE GRASSHOPPER CHORTHIPPUS-CURTIPENNIS (HARRIS) (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID POPULATIONS; CANNIBALISM AB Epizootiological studies of a Nosema sp. in field populations of the grasshopper Chorthippus curtipennis (Harris) were conducted in Madison County, Montana. The average density and percentage prevalence for each modal stage are reported for two sites from 1986 through 1990. Alternating high and low densities of C. curtipennis were observed during even and odd years, respectively. Prevalence of Nosema in C. curtipennis during a high density year was characterized by an increase in prevalence during nymphal development. Furthermore, prevalence of Nosema in C. curtipennis was positively related to host density, suggesting some form of density-dependent transmission. RP STREETT, DA (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 125 IS 3 BP 457 EP 461 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LX537 UT WOS:A1993LX53700007 ER PT J AU AMMAR, ED GINGERY, RE NAULT, LR AF AMMAR, ED GINGERY, RE NAULT, LR TI CYTOPATHOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF MILD AND SEVERE STRAINS OF MAIZE CHLOROTIC DWARF VIRUS IN MAIZE AND JOHNSONGRASS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE MAIZE CHLOROTIC DWARF VIRUS; CYTOPATHOLOGY; ULTRASTRUCTURE; MAIZE; JOHNSONGRASS ID PARTICLE PROPERTIES; LEAFHOPPER; TRANSMISSION; PURIFICATION; INCLUSIONS AB In maize leaves experimentally infected with various isolates or strains of maize chlorotic dwarf virus, including a newly characterized strain (M1), and in naturally infected johnsongrass, only two types of cytoplasmic inclusions were consistently observed: (i) quasi-spherical electron-dense granular inclusions, and (ii) curved or straight bundles of fibrous inclusions. Both types were detected by light and (or) electron microscopy in vascular parenchyma and phloem cells, and less frequently in bundle-sheath and adjacent mesophyll cells. The dense granular inclusions usually contained numerous isometric virus-like particles, some of which may have been released into the surrounding cytoplasm. However, a high proportion of these inclusions in cells infected with the mild type strain and a type-like isolate (M8) were either devoid of or contained very few virus-like particles. In maize leaves infected with the white stripe (WS) isolate, the chloroplasts were markedly deformed; in leaves of stunted plants doubly infected with M8 and the serologically distinct M1 strain, some phloem cells appeared degenerated. Electron microscopy of preparations of purified MI stained with uranyl acetate revealed both stain-impenetrable full particles and stain-penetrable empty or partially empty particles. Both full and apparently empty particles were also found in cells of maize leaves infected with Ml, whereas with other strains and isolates, mainly full particles were found both in situ and in vitro. C1 USDA ARS,CORN & SOYBEAN RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 71 IS 5 BP 718 EP 724 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LN558 UT WOS:A1993LN55800009 ER PT J AU MARION, GM VANCLEVE, K DYRNESS, CT AF MARION, GM VANCLEVE, K DYRNESS, CT TI CALCIUM-CARBONATE PRECIPITATION DISSOLUTION ALONG A FOREST PRIMARY SUCCESSIONAL SEQUENCE ON THE TANANA RIVER FLOODPLAIN, INTERIOR ALASKA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ACIDIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; SOILS AB Calcareous (alkaline) soils exist along the river floodplains of interior Alaska. In calcareous soils, the balance of CaCO3 reflects net system acidification-alkalinization. The objectives of this study were to determine the origin of the CaCO3, quantify CaCO3 precipitation-dissolution, and quantify net system acidification alkalinization along a forest primary successional sequence (250 years) on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska. The CaCO3 concentrations in the initial soil profiles were positively correlated (R2 = 0.883) with silt concentrations. Differences in CaCO3 concentrations in the early soil profiles between sites of similar age, between forest successional stages, and among soil horizons within a profile are primarily due to differences in silt concentrations, which are controlled by the alluvial deposition process. There was a curvilinear decrease in CaCO3 content along the forest successional sequence, suggesting that the CaCO3 originated with the alluvial material and was not formed in situ. The loss of CaCO3 was equivalent to a loss of acid-neutralizing capacity of 10.0 kequiv . ha-1 . year-1, which is a high rate of soil acidification. These forested, relatively pristine ecosystems are dominated by internal sources of acidity. C1 UNIV ALASKA, FOREST SOILS LAB, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775 USA. US FOREST SERV, INST NO FORESTRY, FAIRBANKS, AK 99775 USA. RP USA, CORPS ENGINEERS, COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB, 72 LYME RD, HANOVER, NH 03755 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 923 EP 927 DI 10.1139/x93-120 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LQ390 UT WOS:A1993LQ39000020 ER PT J AU HOF, JG RAPHAEL, MG AF HOF, JG RAPHAEL, MG TI SOME MATHEMATICAL-PROGRAMMING APPROACHES FOR OPTIMIZING TIMBER AGE-CLASS DISTRIBUTIONS TO MEET MULTISPECIES WILDLIFE POPULATION OBJECTIVES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB We investigated three approaches for finding optimum allocations of forest age-classes to meet multispecies conservation objectives for a community of terrestrial vertebrate species. We illustrate our approaches using data on relative abundances of 92 species of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals sampled from five habitat types (age-classes) of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests in northwestern California. Our three approaches involved maximizing (i) the expected number of viable species; (ii) the minimum probability of viability among all species; and (iii) the joint probability of viability across all species. Each approach was demonstrated using an assumption that viability is linearly related to abundance or that viability is logistically related to abundance. We discuss limitations of our approach focusing on assumptions of data quality, relative conservation priority among taxa, relationships between estimated abundance of a population and its probability of viability, interspecific interactions, and the need for evaluation of spatial distribution of habitats. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,OLYMPIA,WA 98502. RP HOF, JG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80525, USA. NR 14 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 828 EP 834 DI 10.1139/x93-107 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LQ390 UT WOS:A1993LQ39000007 ER PT J AU PIJUT, PM AF PIJUT, PM TI SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN BUTTERNUT, JUGLANS-CINEREA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID REGIA L; REGENERATION; PECAN; WALNUT AB Immature cotyledonary explants excised from developing fruits of Juglans cinerea L. were cultured in vitro to induce regeneration of somatic embryos. Somatic embryos were initiated directly on cotyledons collected 9 weeks postanthesis and cultured on a Driver and Kuniyuki medium supplemented with 250 mg/L L-glutamine, 0.01 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid, 1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine, and 2 mg/L kinetin for 3 weeks, prior to transfer to hormone-free Driver and Kuniyuki medium. Embryogenic callus was initiated on explants collected 8-11 weeks postanthesis and cultured on two different media formulations containing 0.25 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine and 2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid for 3 weeks, prior to transfer to hormone-free media. Globular to mature somatic embryos were differentiated. and conversion of somatic embryos into whole plants was incomplete. Competence of embryogenic callus was maintained for 1 year with regular subculturing on hormone-free media. RP PIJUT, PM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1992 FOLWELL AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 835 EP 838 DI 10.1139/x93-108 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LQ390 UT WOS:A1993LQ39000008 ER PT J AU NAGMANI, R DINER, AM SHARMA, GC AF NAGMANI, R DINER, AM SHARMA, GC TI SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN LONGLEAF PINE (PINUS-PALUSTRIS) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note ID IMMATURE EMBRYOS; LOBLOLLY-PINE; CULTURES; INITIATION; CALLUS AB Isolated zygotic embryos and female gametophytes containing zygotic embryos were cultured on MSG and DCR basal media, supplemented with three different carbon sources added individually to the medium at four levels each. The media also contained various levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and N6-benzyladenine (BA). Embryogenic tissue extruded from female gametophytes during 4 weeks in culture on media containing either glucose or maltose or sucrose. Embryogenic tissue initiation was most frequently from explants collected on July 14, 1992, when the zygotic embryos within the female gametophytes were precotyledonary. A total of 33 embryogenic cultures were initiated from 944 explants cultured. One of 192 explants cultured on basal media with no growth regulators produced embryogenic tissue. The embryogenic tissue showed numerous somatic embryos at stages 1 and 2 of development, corresponding to their zygotic embryo counterparts. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,POB 1387,NORMAL,AL 35762. ALABAMA A&M UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,NORMAL,AL 35762. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 873 EP 876 DI 10.1139/x93-115 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LQ390 UT WOS:A1993LQ39000015 ER PT J AU VANCLEVE, K VIERECK, LA MARION, GM AF VANCLEVE, K VIERECK, LA MARION, GM TI INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF A STUDY DEALING WITH THE ROLE OF SALT-AFFECTED SOILS IN PRIMARY SUCCESSION ON THE TANANA RIVER FLOODPLAIN, INTERIOR ALASKA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB This paper provides an overview of the environmental setting, rationale, and organization of a multidisciplinary research program designed to examine the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska. The papers included in this series report results of studies designed to examine the controls of salt-affected soil formation and vegetation development and their interaction in this fluvial environment. The association of pedogenic salts and forests is largely restricted to northern latitudes where both low precipitation and moderate potential evapotranspiration occur simultaneously. In contrast with upland secondary-successional sites, where fire is the principal determinant of forest type distribution and successional change, ecosystem processes on the floodplain are determined by the fluvial nature of the environment. Consequently, the research presented an opportunity to evaluate some of the markedly contrasting controls of development that exist between forests in the two topographic locations. This study makes a substantial contribution to our understanding of how soil and vegetation interact on interior Alaskan floodplains to give rise to productive, commercially valuable forests. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,HANOVER,NH 03755. RP VANCLEVE, K (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,FOREST SOILS LAB,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 879 EP 888 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LQ390 UT WOS:A1993LQ39000016 ER PT J AU VIERECK, LA DYRNESS, CT FOOTE, MJ AF VIERECK, LA DYRNESS, CT FOOTE, MJ TI AN OVERVIEW OF THE VEGETATION AND SOILS OF THE FLOODPLAIN ECOSYSTEMS OF THE TANANA RIVER, INTERIOR ALASKA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY SUCCESSION; COMMUNITIES AB The soils and vegetation of 12 stages of forest succession on the floodplain of the Tanana River are described. Succession begins with the invasion of newly deposited alluvium by willows (Salix spp.) and develops through a willow-alder (Alnus tenuifolia Nutt.) stage to forest stands of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.), followed by white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and finally black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.). The principal changes in substrate characteristics during the successional sequence are (i) change from sand to silt loam, (ii) increase in terrace height and distance from the water table, (iii) development of a forest floor, first of leaf litter and then live and dead feather mosses, (iv) burial of organic layers by flooding, and (v) the development of permafrost as soils are insulated by a thick organic layer. Soils and vegetation of six stands occurring in three successional stages used in the salt-affected soils study are described in detail: open willow stands (stage III), balsam poplar - alder stands (stage VI), and a mature white spruce stand (stage VIII). There is a general progression of plant species resulting from the modification of the environment by the developing vegetation and changes in soil characteristics. Life history and stochastic events are important in the early stages of succession, and biological controls such as facilitation and competition become more important in middle and late stages of succession. RP VIERECK, LA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,308 TANANA DR,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 39 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 889 EP 898 DI 10.1139/x93-117 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LQ390 UT WOS:A1993LQ39000017 ER PT J AU VIERECK, LA VANCLEVE, K ADAMS, PC SCHLENTNER, RE AF VIERECK, LA VANCLEVE, K ADAMS, PC SCHLENTNER, RE TI CLIMATE OF THE TANANA RIVER FLOODPLAIN NEAR FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB This paper describes the general environmental conditions on the Tanana River floodplain in the vicinity of the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest. It describes and discusses environmental measurements taken in three successional stages (stage III, an open willow stand; stage V, a closed balsam poplar - alder stand; and stage VIII, a mature white spruce stand) and compares these measurements with those taken in adjacent artificial clearings. The impact of vegetation-mediated changes on soil temperatures, ground surface evaporation, and precipitation regimes is substantial, but the magnitude of these changes declines with advancing succession. Removing vegetation in the three successional stages resulted in warming of the mineral soil and increased surface evaporation, even though there were only slight changes in air temperature. Vertical soil moisture movement occurs along a tension gradient from the water table for distances of up to 50 cm in the mineral soil and can be correlated with fluctuations in the river level. Both fluvial and biotic controls interact to influence the course of vegetation and environmental changes in the successional sequence on the floodplain. C1 UNIV ALASKA,SCH AGR & LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,FOREST SOILS LAB,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP VIERECK, LA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,308 TANANA DR,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 11 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 899 EP 913 DI 10.1139/x93-118 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LQ390 UT WOS:A1993LQ39000018 ER PT J AU MARION, GM VANCLEVE, K DYRNESS, CT BLACK, CH AF MARION, GM VANCLEVE, K DYRNESS, CT BLACK, CH TI THE SOIL CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT ALONG A FOREST PRIMARY SUCCESSIONAL SEQUENCE ON THE TANANA RIVER FLOODPLAIN, INTERIOR ALASKA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SOLUBILITIES AB Alkaline soils exist under forest vegetation on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska. The objectives of this study were to describe the soil chemical properties and to examine controls oil these chemical properties along a forest primary-successional sequence. Soil saturation pastes were prepared from duplicate sites along the successional sequence representing bare alluvium (stage I), open willow (stage III), poplar alder (stage V), and white spruce (stage VIII). Calcium, Mg, SO4, and ions responsible for alkalinity were the dominant solutes in the saturation extracts. Soil horizons were generally calcareous (CaCO3) and therefore alkaline (pH > 7.0) across the successional sequence. The CaCO3-containing soil horizons were saturated to supersaturated with respect to calcite. Many soil horizons in the plots of stages III and V from one site were saturated with respect to gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O), whereas other stages and sites were generally undersaturated. Phosphate availability in CaCO3-containing soil horizons was apparently constrained by CaCO3 solubility and the solubility products of beta-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite. There was a strong positive relationship between soluble salt content and silt concentration in the early stages, suggesting that initial salt content is controlled by the texture of the alluvial material: the variation in initial texture largely accounts for the site to site variation in salts. Evaporation apparently plays a role in concentrating soluble salts at the surface during the early stages (III and V), but by the late stages (VIII), the biotic and topographic factors apparently reduce surficial evaporation. This reduction in evaporation, coupled with the production of organic acids, leads to a 42% loss of soluble salts from the soils. This study supports our original hypotheses that physical factors (texture, evaporation) are most important early in the successional sequence and that biotic factors (transpiration, acid leaching) are most important late in the successional sequence in controlling salt distribution in soils on the Tanana River C1 UNIV ALASKA,FOREST SOILS LAB,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182. RP MARION, GM (reprint author), USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,72 LYME RD,HANOVER,NH 03755, USA. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 914 EP 922 DI 10.1139/x93-119 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LQ390 UT WOS:A1993LQ39000019 ER PT J AU YARIE, J VANCLEVE, K DYRNESS, CT OLIVER, L LEVISON, J ERICKSON, R AF YARIE, J VANCLEVE, K DYRNESS, CT OLIVER, L LEVISON, J ERICKSON, R TI SOIL-SOLUTION CHEMISTRY IN RELATION TO FOREST SUCCESSION ON THE TANANA RIVER FLOODPLAIN, INTERIOR ALASKA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID HUBBARD BROOK AB The chemical composition of soil solution reflects the demand of soil biological processes and the solubility and ion-exchange equilibria between physical and biological components of the soil. The objectives of this study were to document soil-solution chemistry for representative phases of the primary successional sequence on the Tanana River floodplain near Fairbanks, Alaska, and to assess the effect of physical versus biological control on solution chemistry in these sites. Soil-solution samples were collected weekly using porous-cup soil-solution samplers located 20, 50, and 150 cm below the soil surface. In addition, groundwater and river water samples were collected at several sites that represented the successional stages typical of the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska. Magnesium, HCO3, Cl, Na, K, NO3, and PO4 showed the highest concentrations in the 50-cm layer at each site. Manganese, Fe, and Zn showed the highest concentrations at the groundwater level. Aluminum and Ca showed decreasing concentrations with depth from the surface. Silicon displayed no specific depth trends. Ammonium was the only ion that was more concentrated in liver water than in soil solution. Soil-solution pH showed no specific depth trends. Conductivity of the soil solution was generally lower at greater depths and was much lower in the river water. Sulfate, K, Ca, and Mn decreased in concentration from the early successional stages to the later successional stages, although some year to year variability did occur. All measured concentrations except Zn displayed at least one significant change in concentration due to vegetation clearing. These differences can be summarized broadly as effects on nonbiologically cycled nutrients in the open willow stage (III) and changes in the biological cycling of nutrients in the poplar-alder and mature white spruce stages (V and VIII, respectively). Significant increases in concentration of Fe and Mn were found at III-B-T (stage III - site B - treated (i.e., cleared) plot) while Na, Mn, Fe, Ca, Mg, Si, and SO4 increased at III-A-T. At V-A-T significant increases were found in concentrations of NH4, NO3, PO4, SO4, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Al, Si, HCO3, and conductivity in 1987. These same trends were repeated in 1988 with the exception of NO3, Fe, and Si, which showed no significant differences. As a result of clearing both V-A-T and V-B-T, Fe and Si significantly decreased in concentration at 50 cm, which was the opposite trend found at 150 cm. The Cl concentration at 50 cm decreased at V-A-T in 1987 but increased in 1988 as a result of clearing. V-B-T showed no effect of clearing in 1988 and only NO3, SO4, Ca, Mg, and conductivity increased in 1987. Chloride, Al, and Si decreased in concentration as a result of clearing in 1987 at V-B-T. Nitrate, NH4, Cl, and pH increased, while PO4, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Si, HCO3, and conductivity decreased, as a result of clearing in VIII-A-T. At VIII-B-T, NO3, K, Ca. Mg, Cl, HCO3, and conductivity increased as a result of clearing in 1987, while only NO3 increased in 1988. Bicarbonate, Cl, and pH showed significant decreases in 1987 and 1988 at VIII-B-T. The results of this study, combined with the results of other studies of these salt-affected floodplain soils, detailing the soil environment and control of evaporative movement of water to the soil surface support the hypotheses that: (i) the genesis and maintenance of surface salt crusts are controlled by the soil physical and chemical environments encountered on early-successional mineral soils and (ii) the disappearance of salt crusts and reduction in mineral soil salt concentrations are controlled by forest succession, which mediates the changing soil physical, chemical, and biological environment. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,PACIFIC NW EXPT STN,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP YARIE, J (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,SCH AGR & LAND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT,FOREST SOILS LAB,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 928 EP 940 DI 10.1139/x93-121 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LQ390 UT WOS:A1993LQ39000021 ER PT J AU VANCLEVE, K DYRNESS, CT MARION, GM ERICKSON, R AF VANCLEVE, K DYRNESS, CT MARION, GM ERICKSON, R TI CONTROL OF SOIL DEVELOPMENT ON THE TANANA RIVER FLOODPLAIN, INTERIOR ALASKA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Alluvial soils on the Tanana River floodplain near Fairbanks, Alaska, were examined for development of physical and chemical properties in relation to soil depth and across a 200-year vegetation development sequence. Development was mediated by ecosystem controls including successional time, vegetation, terrace height, soil physical and chemical properties, and microclimate. These controls interact and are conditioned by the state factors time, flora, topography, parent material, and climate, respectively. On early-successional (<5 years) lower alluvial surfaces, terrace height above groundwater, soil particle size, and microclimate (through soil surface evaporation) interacted through capillary rise to produce salt-affected surface soil. Calcium salts of carbonate and sulfate were the principal chemicals encountered in these soils. Establishment of a vegetation cover between 5 and 10 years introduced evapotranspiration as a new mechanism, along with capillarity, to control moisture suction gradients. In addition, newly formed surface litter layers further helped eliminate evaporation and formation of high salt content surface soil. Continued sedimentation raised terrace elevation, so on older terraces only infrequent flood events influenced soil development. Moreover, in these successional stages, only the highest river stages raised groundwater levels, so transpiration and capillarity influenced water movement to tree root systems. During the first 25-30 years of succession, plant deposition of organic matter and nitrogen, associated with the growth of alder, markedly changed soil properties. Nearly 60% (or 240 g . m-2) of the 400 g. m-2 nitrogen encountered at 100 years was accumulated during this early period. After 100 years of vegetation development, soil carbonate content dropped to about half the peak values of about 1600 g. m-2 encountered between 4 and 25 years. By the time white spruce was the dominant forest type at 180 years, carbonate carbon declined to about 500 g . m-2, one-third that of the 1600 g . m-2 high. By this time surface soil pH declined from high values of 7.5 to between 5.5 and 6.0. Organic carbon continued to accumulate to about 6300 g . m-2 in the white spruce stage. twice that encountered in the alder poplar stage at 25 years. Indices of moisture retention were most strongly related to either soil particle size (low moisture tension and available moisture range) or vegetation-mediated soil organic matter content (high moisture tension). Cation exchange capacity was most strongly related to a vegetation-mediated index of organic matter (OM) content (%N, %C, or %OM). C1 US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. USA,CORPS ENGINEERS,COLD REG RES & ENGN LAB,HANOVER,NH 03755. RP VANCLEVE, K (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,FOREST SOILS LAB,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 30 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 941 EP 955 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LQ390 UT WOS:A1993LQ39000022 ER PT J AU VANCLEVE, K YARIE, J ERICKSON, R DYRNESS, CT AF VANCLEVE, K YARIE, J ERICKSON, R DYRNESS, CT TI NITROGEN MINERALIZATION AND NITRIFICATION IN SUCCESSIONAL ECOSYSTEMS ON THE TANANA RIVER FLOODPLAIN, INTERIOR ALASKA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PLANT-GROWTH; FOREST; LITTER; LIGNIN; DISAPPEARANCE; DECOMPOSITION; BIOASSAY; RELEASE AB Nitrogen (N) mineralization and nitrification were compared among ecosystems representing a primary successional sequence on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska. These processes displayed marked seasonality, were closely related to substrate chemistry, and reflected the impact of vegetation clearing. The highest rates of N mineralization were encountered in the June to July incubation periods, and rates generally declined during the remainder of the summer. The early season period (June to July) was the interval of most favorable litter and mineral soil temperature and most available energy supply for microbial mineralization of detrital materials. Minimal rates were encountered during the winter. Litter layer N mineralization rates were highest in the early-successional poplar alder (Populus balsamifera) - Alnus tenuifolia (Nutt.) stage and declined with advancing succession in poplar (Populus balsamifera) and mature white spruce (Picea glauca) (Moench) Voss) stands. The poplar-alder stage displayed the highest rate of nitrification. Nitrate constituted 98% of the mineralized N in early-successional poplar-alder forest floors but fell to 4 and 0% in poplar and white spruce forest floors. respectively. Nitrogen mineralization was closely related to significant increases in the lignin/N ratio across the sequence of vegetation types. The rate of surface mineral soil net N mineralization increased with succession in response to higher soil organic matter content. The range of average total seasonal net N mineralization (260-1600 mg N . m-2) for litter layer plus mineral soil among successional stages in this study was generally lower than the 1200-8400 mg N . m-2 reported by investigators for other studies in temperate latitudes. Vegetation cleaning increased the magnitude of temporal fluxes as well as total annual mineral N production. The most consistent increases were encountered in the poplar-alder vegetation type. The average seasonal total net N mineralization for forest floor plus mineral soil in this vegetation type increased from 1500 to 3264 mg N . m-2 as a result of clearing. Soil temperature declined with advancing succession and generally increased as a consequence of clearing. However, these changes were not as closely correlated with N mineralization as were the changes in substrate chemistry encountered across this successional sequence. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP VANCLEVE, K (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,FOREST SOILS LAB,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 39 TC 99 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 970 EP 978 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LQ390 UT WOS:A1993LQ39000025 ER PT J AU DYRNESS, CT VANCLEVE, K AF DYRNESS, CT VANCLEVE, K TI CONTROL OF SURFACE SOIL CHEMISTRY IN EARLY-SUCCESSIONAL FLOODPLAIN SOILS ALONG THE TANANA RIVER, INTERIOR ALASKA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Surface soils on recently deposited alluvium along the Tanana River, Alaska, have an elevated pH and are high in salts such as calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate. With advancing plant succession surface soil chemistry changes, and when the alder - balsam poplar stage is reached these salt deposits are absent. To test the hypothesis that soil surface salt (salt crust) accumulates as a result of the combined action of capillary rise of groundwater and surface evaporation, a treated plot experiment was undertaken in the early open willow stage on the floodplain where the soil surface was devoid of litter. Treatments, applied in early summer, were salt crust removed, leaf litter added on the surface (evaporation barrier), and polyethylene sheeting installed at a depth of 30 cm (capillary rise barrier). Surface 5-cm soil samples, collected in September, showed significant reductions from salt crust removal and surface litter application in electrical conductance and amounts of bicarbonate, sulfate, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium. In clearings within dense alder - balsam poplar stands on the first terrace, forest floor removal resulted in significantly increased amounts of surface soil sodium, sulfate, calcium, and magnesium. However, this treatment did not result in re-establishment of the salt crust, probably because of a higher ground surface elevation at this terrace and consequent deeper water table. On lower, early-successional terraces salt crusts may form in a period of only several week's if precipitation is low. The advent of a complete litter layer has great significance in the successional sequence on these soils not only because of nutrient cycling as a result of decomposition processes but also because of the probable physical effect of severely decreasing rates of evaporation from the mineral soil surface. In the latter case, although we did not directly measure mineral soil surface evaporation rates with and without litter layers, movement of salt solution injected at 25 cm in the soil profile to the surface was restricted by application of a surface litter layer. C1 UNIV ALASKA,FOREST SOILS LAB,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP DYRNESS, CT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,308 TANANA DR,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 979 EP 994 DI 10.1139/x93-126 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LQ390 UT WOS:A1993LQ39000026 ER PT J AU VANCLEVE, K YARIE, J VIERECK, LA DYRNESS, CT AF VANCLEVE, K YARIE, J VIERECK, LA DYRNESS, CT TI CONCLUSIONS ON THE ROLE OF SALT-AFFECTED SOILS IN PRIMARY SUCCESSION ON THE TANANA RIVER FLOODPLAIN, INTERIOR ALASKA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Results of the study of salt-affected soils on the Tanana River floodplain in interior Alaska raised a number of key issues that are important to resolve with future research in this fluvial environment. The results emphasized the prominent role of plant succession in ecosystem structure and function in northern boreal forests. For example, alder plays a crucial role in organic matter and nitrogen dynamics in floodplain ecosystems. This plant species has an impact on ecosystem processes in successional stages beyond its period of dominance on the floodplain. The potential facilitative nature of nitrogen accumulation, mediated by alder, to plant community development during and subsequent to the alder phase of succession should be examined in future studies. Organic matter chemistry and soil temperature appeared to be more important controls of soil processes than high soil salt content. Moreover, secondary plant chemicals may play a role in determining rates of soil nitrification in these floodplain ecosystems. The importance of ion balance to plant nutrition and primary production in salt-affected soils is an important topic for future research. Groundwater may be a unique source of water and nutrients to floodplain plant communities. The magnitude of water flux to the rooting zone in relation to terrace elevation and river level and its importance to plant growth is a significant consideration in the semiarid environment of interior Alaska. The established plant community indicates which species are successful in this environment. Optimum species-terrace combinations may exist that maximize productivity through use of unique moisture and nutrient supplies associated with a shallow water table. Results of this work suggested that new research initiatives are crucial to advance the fundamental understanding of controls of ecosystem processes and as a base of information to support forest resource management. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP VANCLEVE, K (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,FOREST SOILS LAB,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1015 EP 1018 DI 10.1139/x93-129 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LQ390 UT WOS:A1993LQ39000029 ER PT J AU LEMARCHAND, L HANKIN, JH KOLONEL, LN BEECHER, GR WILKENS, LR ZHAO, LP AF LEMARCHAND, L HANKIN, JH KOLONEL, LN BEECHER, GR WILKENS, LR ZHAO, LP TI INTAKE OF SPECIFIC CAROTENOIDS AND LUNG-CANCER RISK SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID FINNISH FOODS; BETA-CAROTENE; RETINOIDS; HAWAII; CARCINOGENESIS; CANTHAXANTHIN; PREVENTION; PRODUCTS; TUMORS; DIET AB Using newly available food composition data for carotenoids, the authors reanalyzed a population-based case-control study of diet and lung cancer conducted in Hawaii in 1983-1985 (L. Le Marchand et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 81: 1158-1164, 1989). The analysis included interviews with 230 men and 102 women with lung cancer and 597 men and 268 women as controls, frequency-matched to the patients by age and sex. A previously validated quantitative diet history assessed the usual intake of foods rich in carotenoids. After adjusting for smoking and other covariates, no association was found with lung cancer risk for dietary lycopene or beta-cryptoxanthin intake, whereas dose-dependent inverse associations of comparable magnitude were found for dietary beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, and lutein. When subjects were cross-classified by their joint intakes of the latter three carotenoids, those who had a high intake (> median) for all three had the lowest risk for lung cancer. In a similar two-way interaction analysis, the previously reported inverse association of lung cancer with vegetable consumption in these data was found to be stronger than that with intake of these three carotenoids. Consistent with our previous findings, this analysis provides further evidence for a protective effect of certain carotenoids against lung cancer and for the greater protection afforded by consuming a variety of vegetables compared to only foods rich in a particular carotenoid. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NUTR COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LEMARCHAND, L (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,CANC RES CTR HAWAII,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,1236 LAUHALA ST,SUITE 407,HONOLULU,HI 96813, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01-CA-33619, N01-CA-55424] NR 26 TC 157 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 2 IS 3 BP 183 EP 187 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LB421 UT WOS:A1993LB42100001 PM 8318869 ER PT J AU TRUDEAU, WL FERNANDEZCALDAS, E FOX, RW BRENNER, R BUCHOLTZ, GA LOCKEY, RF AF TRUDEAU, WL FERNANDEZCALDAS, E FOX, RW BRENNER, R BUCHOLTZ, GA LOCKEY, RF TI ALLERGENICITY OF THE CAT FLEA (CTENOCEPHALIDES-FELIS-FELIS) SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY LA English DT Article ID IGE ANTIBODIES; PROTEINS; ALLERGY AB Adult fleas, spent and unspent culture media were extracted and the radio-allergosorbent test (RAST) performed with sera of 48 cat flea skin test-positive individuals from the Tampa Bay area of Florida. Sixteen sera (33.6%) had a positive RAST to the cat flea extract prepared in our laboratory [1.7-11.4% of the total counts (TC) added]. Six of the 16 sera (12.5%) also contained specific IgE to allergens in the spent medium (0.8 3.3% TC). The allergen composition and strength were studied by RAST inhibition of two commercial cat flea extracts and compared with our in-house flea extract. The results demonstrated similar allergen compositions and different potencies. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of the in-house flea extract showed several Coomassie blue-stained bands (10-85 kD). SDS-PAGE immunoblots revealed five IgE-binding bands at 34, 35, 39, 54 and 60 kD. Flea allergens were quantified in eight house dust samples using RAST inhibition assays and expressed as RAST inhibition units; five of these samples contained detectable levels. Cat flea allergens may contribute to the allergenicity of house dust in areas of heavy flea infestation. C1 UNIV S FLORIDA,COLL MED,DIV ALLERGY & CLIN IMMUNOL,TAMPA,FL 33612. USDA,RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. MARSHFIELD CLIN FDN MED RES & EDUC,MARSHFIELD,WI 54449. RP TRUDEAU, WL (reprint author), JAMES A HALEY VET HOSP,DIV ALLERGY & IMMUNOL,13000 BRUCE B DOWNS BLVD,TAMPA,FL 33612, USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0954-7894 J9 CLIN EXP ALLERGY JI Clin. Exp. Allergy PD MAY PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 377 EP 383 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00342.x PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA LF037 UT WOS:A1993LF03700006 PM 8334536 ER PT J AU MILNE, DB JOHNSON, PE AF MILNE, DB JOHNSON, PE TI ASSESSMENT OF COPPER STATUS - EFFECT OF AGE AND GENDER ON REFERENCE RANGES IN HEALTHY-ADULTS SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE CERULOPLASMIN; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; CYTOCHROME-C OXIDASE; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; VARIATION, SOURCE OF ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY; CELLULAR-COMPONENTS; ACID SUPPLEMENTS; HEART-DISEASE; ZINC; INDEXES; DEFICIENCY; CERULOPLASMIN; ABSORPTION; DEPLETION AB We measured major indices related to copper nutritional status in 55 men and 86 women between ages 20 and 83 years who were in apparent good health. Plasma copper concentrations and both immunoreactive and enzymatically measured ceruloplasmin were significantly higher in women than in men and were higher in women taking oral contraceptives. Plasma copper, immunoreactive ceruloplasmin, and cytochrome-c oxidase in platelets and mononucleated leukocytes tended to increase with age. The ratio of enzymatic to immunoreactive ceruloplasmin, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, and CU-67 uptake by erythrocytes were not significantly affected by either age or gender. Thus, factors other than copper nutriture-such as age, gender, and hormone use-need to be considered when using many of these indicators to evaluate copper nutritional status. RP MILNE, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 37 TC 82 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 39 IS 5 BP 883 EP 887 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA LB546 UT WOS:A1993LB54600025 PM 8387409 ER PT J AU OGG, CL MEINKE, LJ HOWARD, RW STANLEYSAMUELSON, DW AF OGG, CL MEINKE, LJ HOWARD, RW STANLEYSAMUELSON, DW TI PHOSPHOLIPID AND TRIACYLGLYCEROL FATTY-ACID COMPOSITIONS OF 5 SPECIES OF DIABROTICA (INSECTA, COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID; METABOLISM AB 1. The fatty acid compositions of phospholipids and triacYlglYcerols from whole adults and larvae of the beetles Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, D. balteata and D. undecimpunctata howardi were determined. Whole adults, but not larvae, of D. longicornis and D. barberi were similarly analyzed. 2. The major fatty acid components included the usual C16 and C18 saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids that are expected from animal tissues. C20 eicosanoid-precursor polyunsaturated fatty acids were present in all species, albeit in very low titres. 3. The fatty acid profiles of phospholipids and triacylglycerols were substantially different. 4. The five insect species differed in fatty acid compositions. 5. Certain polyunsaturated fatty acids that are not found in the host plants of these insects were present in the insect tissue phospholipids. 6. Biosynthesis of certain polyunsaturated from 18:2 n-6 and 18:3 n-3 is inferred from these observations. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ENTOMOL,INSECT BIOCHEM & PHYSIOL LAB,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,USGMRL,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 105 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(93)90170-A PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA LB946 UT WOS:A1993LB94600009 ER PT J AU LEFFEL, RC BERNARD, RL YOCUM, JO AF LEFFEL, RC BERNARD, RL YOCUM, JO TI AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF FASCIATED SOYBEAN GENOTYPES AND THEIR ISOGENIC LINES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB The fasciated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a morphological type caused by the recessive gene f. The original sources of the gene exhibit a broadened and flattened stem, with most of the pods at the stem tip. Fasciation has been suggested as a new gene for soybean improvement. These studies were conducted to determine (i) the agronomic performance of improved fasciated lines and (ii) the average effects of the fasciation ff genes in soybean via isogenic line comparisons. Second-cycle improved fasciated genotypes were developed from each of six crosses of first-cycle improved fasciated lines x 'Hobbit' and evaluated in local and regional field tests. Five pairs of F9 isogenic lines, ff vs. FF, were developed from each of the six crosses by maintenance of heterozygosity at the fasciation locus. Selection for seed yield among fasciated lines apparently decreased penetrance and expressivity of the ff genes. Second-cycle fasciated lines were developed that were comparable to current cultivars in seed yields in lower-yielding but not in higher-yielding environments. Seed yields of fasciated lines were not increased at higher plant densities in narrower rows. Fasciated lines were generally taller, more susceptible to lodging, and exhibited poorer quality seed as compared with commercial cultivars. The average effect of the ff gene in 30 pairs of F9 isogenic lines was +3 d plant maturity, +9 cm plant height, +2.3 plant lodging score, +14 mg seed-1 seed weight, +0.1 seed quality score, and -441 kg ha-1 seed yield. Most of the detrimental effects of the fasciated gene are probably attributable to its increased plant lodging. RP LEFFEL, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,BLDG 011,HH 19,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 427 EP 432 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LM111 UT WOS:A1993LM11100002 ER PT J AU KILEN, TC TYLER, JM AF KILEN, TC TYLER, JM TI GENETIC-LINKAGE OF THE RPS1 AND L2 LOCI IN SOYBEAN SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPHTHORA AB Genome mapping of important genes in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., is rather limited compared with that of other major crops. Such genetic information is needed by those involved in soybean genetic improvement. In this study, genetic linkage of the Rps1 locus controlling reaction to Phytophthora megasperma Drechs. f. sp. glycinea T. Kuan & D.C. Erwin, and the L2 locus controlling pod wall color was tested. Populations segregating for both genes were derived from the cross Bedford x D78-3173. At maturity the pod wall color of F2 plants was recorded. The F3 seedlings derived from those plants were evaluated in a greenhouse for reaction to race 1 of P. megasperma using the hypocotyl puncture inoculation method. The chi-square test for linkage was significant (P < 0.0005). Recombination was calculated by the ratio of products method (27 +/- 4.3%) and maximum likelihood method (28 +/- 4.1%), indicating that these genes are on the same chromosome. RP KILEN, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOYBEAN PROD RES UNIT,POB 196,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 437 EP 438 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LM111 UT WOS:A1993LM11100004 ER PT J AU OBERTHUR, LE HARRISON, SA CROUGHAN, TP LONG, DL AF OBERTHUR, LE HARRISON, SA CROUGHAN, TP LONG, DL TI INHERITANCE OF IMPROVED LEAF RUST RESISTANCE IN SOMACLONES OF WHEAT SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; RED SPRING WHEATS; PUCCINIA-RECONDITA; GENES; NOMENCLATURE; SYSTEM AB Leaf rust of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) caused by Puccinia recondita Roberge ex Desmaz. f. sp. tritici (Prt) has been controlled through incorporation of genetic resistance into host genotypes. Somaclonal variation may provide additional sources of resistance genes. This study was conducted to determine the gene source and inheritance of improved resistance to leaf rust found in somaclones of 'Coker 916'. Two wheat somaclones, regenerated from immature embryo-derived calli of Coker 916, had increased field resistance to leaf rust and were screened with 36 Prt isolates to identify Lr genes. Screening results indicate Coker 916 contains Lr3, 10, and possibly Lr14a, 15, 20, and either 27 or 31. The pedigree of Coker 916 includes known sources of Lr1, 3, 10, 11, 14a, and 27 seedling-resistance genes. The two somaclones, LTC 122 and LTC 140, contain Lr3, Lr10, and additional resistance genes not found in Coker 916, possibly Lr genes 1, 3ka, 9, 14a, 15, 18, 20, 23, 27, 30, 31, 32, and/or 33. Four R1-derived R2 LTC 122 lines reacted identically to leaf rust isolates; thus the altered resistance may have been monogenic in the R0 plant. Crosses were made between Coker 916 and the somaclones. The F2 progeny of LTC 122 x Coker 916 contained both Lr3 and LR10 and segregated for two additional independent, dominant resistance genes in a 15 (low disease reaction): 1 (high disease reaction) ratio. Somaclonal variants should be useful sources of additional resistance to foliar pathogens. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,DEPT AGRON,104 MB STURGIS HALL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. UNIV OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68503. LOUISIANA AGR EXP STN,RICE RES STN,CROWLEY,LA 70527. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 444 EP 448 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LM111 UT WOS:A1993LM11100006 ER PT J AU HEITHOLT, JJ AF HEITHOLT, JJ TI COTTON BOLL RETENTION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO LINT YIELD SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRUITING FORMS; LEAF SHAPE; ABSCISSION; GROWTH AB Fruit retention helps determine cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield. Study objectives were to (i) characterize genotypic variation in whole-plant boll retention percentage, (ii) determine the relationship between retention and lint yield, and (iii) characterize timing, stage, and frequency of fruiting-form abscission over two seasons in eight field-grown genotypes: normal-, sub okra-, okra-, and super okra-leaf isolines of MD 65-11 and four commonly grown higher-yielding cultivars. Flower production was higher in okra- (238 m-2) and super okra-leaf (323 m-2) than in normal (160 m-2) and sub okra-leaf (164 m-2) isolines, but boll retention was lower in okra- (29%) and super okra-leaf (21%) than in the normal- (42%) and sub okra-leaf (45%), so lint yields did not differ significantly among isolines. The cultivars averaged 16% more flowers, 33% more bolls, and 37% higher lint yield than normal-leaf MD 65-11, but lint yield correlated with boll retention (r = 0.84*; P < 0.05) when super okra- and okra-leaf types were excluded. Genotypes differed slightly in distribution of mature bolls on mainstem nodes and on sympodial branch positions. Deltapine 90 produced fewer bolls (73%) on lower mainstem nodes (8-20) than the other genotypes (86-92%), reflecting its full-season fruiting habit. Distribution of open bolls on sympodial fruiting positions differed between normal-leaf (98% at Positions 1 and 2) and super okra-leaf MD 65-11 (88%). The other genotypes produced 94 to 96% of their bolls at Positions 1 and 2, which differs significantly from both extremes. When seven of these genotypes and three others were grown in the greenhouse and observed for development of squares and bolls, the normal-leaf types shed more small squares (bract width < 2 cm) but fewer bolls than did the okra- and super okra-leaf types. RP HEITHOLT, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 345,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 486 EP 490 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LM111 UT WOS:A1993LM11100014 ER PT J AU WELLS, R BURTON, JW KILEN, TC AF WELLS, R BURTON, JW KILEN, TC TI SOYBEAN GROWTH AND LIGHT INTERCEPTION - RESPONSE TO DIFFERING LEAF AND STEM MORPHOLOGY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLANT-DENSITY; YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CANOPY AB Altered canopy light environments created by plant architectural changes may increase plant productivity. Two morphological traits in soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.], brachytic stems (shortened internodes) and lanceolate leaflets, could be used for genetic manipulation of canopy structure. These traits were examined in various combinations in 'Tracy-M' (maturity group VI) and 'Wright' (maturity group VII) backgrounds in 1990 (two environments) and 1991 (one environment with two row width-plant population combinations). Throughout the season, plant height and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception were monitored. At maturity, stem dry weight, seed yield, and yield components were determined. Brachytic stem genotypes were almost-equal-to 40% shorter at harvest than the normal genotypes. Plant height was significantly associated with PAR interception during vegetative grown in both years R2 greater-than-or-equal-to 0.58), and during reproductive growth in wide rows at Clayton irrespective of year (R2 greater-than-or-equal-to 0.66). In 1991, seed yield was positively related to PAR interception during reproductive growth in the wide row-low population combination (r2 = 0.49), when all genotypes were included in the analysis. For the Tracy-M background, the same relationship was significant in all wide-row environments. The data indicate that brachytic genotypes do not fully intercept available PAR in wide rows and low populations, especially when combined with lanceolate leaflets. Significant seed yield differences, despite 95% PAR interception by all genotypes in some environments, indicate the presence of yield limiting factors other than PAR interception. The present data fail to indicate significant improvements in performance due to the brachytic stem or lanceolate leaflet. C1 USDA ARS,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP WELLS, R (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,BOX 7620,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 520 EP 524 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LM111 UT WOS:A1993LM11100020 ER PT J AU LIVINGSTON, DP ELWINGER, GF WEAVER, JC AF LIVINGSTON, DP ELWINGER, GF WEAVER, JC TI FRUCTAN AND SUGARS IN 273 OAT ACCESSIONS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RYE; CROWNS AB Oat (Avena sativa L.) reportedly accumulates less fructan during hardening than other winter cereals. Little is known about the variability for fructan concentration after hardening in the genus Avena, however. To investigate genetic variability, fructan was measured in 273 oat accessions grown under controlled conditions. Dicktoo barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was included as a high degree of polymerization (DP) fructan check. After 3 wk of hardening, plant stems (1 cm above the crown) were ground and extracted with water. Carbohydrates were separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and quantified by comparison of peak areas in known standards to that in unknowns. On a fresh weight basis more than half the accessions had total fructan (DP > 2) levels not significantly (P < 0.05) different from Dicktoo barley, however, all but one accession had less (P < 0.05) high DP fructan (DP > 4) than Dicktoo. Based on the percentages of five carbohydrates, the accessions were grouped into eight clusters. One of the five species analyzed was alone in a cluster, the remaining species were spread across several clusters. Genetic variability for fructan concentration is apparently high enough in the accessions analyzed in this study to permit more detailed physiological studies with fewer accessions with a wide range of fructan content. RP LIVINGSTON, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US REG PASTURE RES LAB, UNIV PK, PA 16802 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 525 EP 529 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LM111 UT WOS:A1993LM11100021 ER PT J AU RATHINASABAPATHI, B GAGE, DA MACKILL, DJ HANSON, AD AF RATHINASABAPATHI, B GAGE, DA MACKILL, DJ HANSON, AD TI CULTIVATED AND WILD RICES DO NOT ACCUMULATE GLYCINEBETAINE DUE TO DEFICIENCIES IN 2 BIOSYNTHETIC STEPS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BETAINE-ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; BOMBARDMENT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SALT TOLERANCE; GENOTYPIC VARIATION; WATER-STRESS; ZEA-MAYS; BARLEY; DROUGHT; IDENTIFICATION; OSMOREGULATION AB Many cereals, grasses and other plants accumulate glycinebetaine in response to drought or salinity. Glycinebetaine can act as a nontoxic or protective cytoplasmic osmolyte, and is therefore a biochemical component of drought- and salt-stress resistance. It is synthesized by a two-step pathway: choline --> betaine aldehyde --> glycinebetaine. There are contradictory literature reports as to whether cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.) accumulate glycinebetaine. To resolve this conflict, we used sensitive and specific fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry methods to analyze 35 diverse rice cultivars, together with accessions of nine wild rices. No glycinebetaine accumulators were found; levels of glycinebetaine were in all cases < 1 mumol g-1 dry wt., and no other betaines were detected. We then applied fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry to determine why rice, unlike other cereals, does not accumulate glycinebetaine. Rice leaves supplied with deuterium-labeled betaine aldehyde did not convert it to glycinebetaine, and they lacked an endogenous betaine aldehyde pool. Together, these results indicate that rice lacks both the steps in the glycinebetaine biosynthesis pathway. Levels of the precursor choline, however, were comparable to those found in betaine-accumulating cereals. Rice cultivars are therefore rational candidates for the introduction of heterologous genes for glycinebetaine biosynthesis, with the aim of improving resistance to drought and salinity. C1 UNIV MONTREAL,INST RECH BIOL VEGETALE,4101 RUE SHERBROOKE,MONTREAL H1X 2B2,PQ,CANADA. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,E LANSING,MI 48824. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & RANGE SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. RI Mackill, David/C-6368-2014 OI Mackill, David/0000-0003-4224-6781 NR 36 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 534 EP 538 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LM111 UT WOS:A1993LM11100023 ER PT J AU POWELL, JE LAMBERT, L AF POWELL, JE LAMBERT, L TI SOYBEAN GENOTYPE EFFECTS ON BIGEYED BUG FEEDING ON CORN-EARWORM IN THE LABORATORY SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOOPER LEPIDOPTERA; RESISTANT; HYMENOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; BRACONIDAE; HEMIPTERA AB Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), is a serious pest of many crops, including soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. This study was conducted to determine whether or not plant pubescence could be used to enhance predator activity. The influence of plant pubescence or insect resistance of soybean on predation of corn earworm eggs by the bigeyed bug, Geocoris punctipes (Say), was investigated in the laboratory. Bigeyed bug adults were allowed to reed on corn earworm eggs that were placed on foliage of soybean genotypes isogenic for dense, normal, or no pubescence, and on genotypes susceptible or resistant to foliar feeding insects. Percent egg puncture by males was similar on all foliage types whether or not choices were offered. Females punctured significantly (P < 0.05) more eggs on normal leaflets in a no choice situation. Significant differences (P > 0.05) were not detected in percent egg puncture on soybean genotypes resistant to foliar feeding insects as compared with susceptible genotypes ('Centennial' and 'Davis'). Development of soybean cultivars with reduced pubescence, which is less preferred by corn earworm for oviposition and/or foliar feeding, will probably not influence this beneficial predator, since egg predation was not adversely affected by plant pubescence or insect resistance under laboratory test conditions. RP POWELL, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, FOREST SERV, POB 6090, WASHINGTON, DC 20090 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 556 EP 559 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LM111 UT WOS:A1993LM11100027 ER PT J AU FAIRBROTHER, TE PEDERSON, GA AF FAIRBROTHER, TE PEDERSON, GA TI A RAPID TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING BREAKDOWN RATE OF HARDSEEDEDNESS IN SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB An impermeable seedcoat or hardseededness is the most important germination regulation mechanism in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). Hardseededness breakdown rate has been evaluated by exposing hard seed to fluctuating temperature (60/15-degrees-C) for 6 mo. Our objective was to compare four methods for evaluating breakdown rates of hardseededness from four subterranean clover cultivars and to determine if the Weibull model accurately described the loss of hardseededness with time. The Weibull model accurately described the loss of hardseededness with time of 24 legume genotypes with diverse softening rates from data reported in the literature. Hard seed from greenhouse-grown plants of 'Nungarin', 'Meteora', 'Trikkala', and 'Mount Barker' were tested for hardseededness breakdown rate in 1988 and 1989. Hardseededness breakdown rate was determined by using diurnal fluctuating temperature methods of 60/15-degrees-C in Australia or 47/25-degrees-C in the USA and constant temperature method of 50 or 60-degrees-C followed by 7 d of 60/15-degrees-C fluctuating temperature. The Weibull model accurately described the loss of hardseededness with time of all treatments (s, , = 4.35). Meteora was the slowest to soften followed by Nungarin, Mt. Barker, and Trikkala. The U.S. temperature treatment softened seed the slowest followed by Australia's, 50 and 60-degrees-C. All temperature methods ranked cultivars in the same order for hardseededness breakdown rate. Variation among cultivar softening rate was measured in 112 fewer days by the constant temperature methods compared to the fluctuating temperature methods. RP FAIRBROTHER, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,FORAGE RES UNIT,POB 5367,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 560 EP 565 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LM111 UT WOS:A1993LM11100028 ER PT J AU JUAN, NA SHEAFFER, CC BARNES, DK AF JUAN, NA SHEAFFER, CC BARNES, DK TI TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOPERIOD EFFECTS ON MULTIFOLIOLATE EXPRESSION AND MORPHOLOGY OF ALFALFA SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHENOTYPES; EXCHANGE; QUALITY AB Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars with multifoliolate (MF) leaves are being promoted as a source of high quality forage, but information is lacking about the effect of environment on MF expression. We studied the influence of air temperature and photoperiod on the MF trait and its association with leaf and stem morphology. We grouped plants from four cultivars into four MF expression classes (very low, < 10%; low, 10-29%; medium, 30-60%; and high, > 60% MF leaves). These plants were grown in four growth chamber environments combining cool (20/11-degrees-C day/night) and warm (29/17-degrees-C) air temperatures with short (13 h) and long (16 h) photoperiods. Photoperiod had a greater influence than temperature on MF expression (MF%, number of MF leaves total leaf number-1). Under long-days, MF expression of plants in very low, low, and medium MF expression classes declined linearly with increased maturity. Under short-days, MF% of these classes declined until bud, but then increased until maturity. Multifoliolate expression of plants in the high expression class decreased in the cool-long day environment, but maintained or increased MF% in other environments. At harvest, MF%, leafiness, and leaflet number per MF leaf were greater for short vs. long photoperiods, but were not affected by air temperature. Multifoliolate expression was positively correlated (r = 0.43) with leafiness and number of leaflets per MF leaf (r = 0.96), but was not correlated with stem characteristics. Individual MF leaves had larger leaf area but similar specific leaf weight as trifoliolate leaves in all environments. In evaluation of MF expression, stage of maturity, and environmental conditions should be standardized. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. INTA,ESTACIAN EXPTL,LAPAMPA,ARGENTINA. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 573 EP 578 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LM111 UT WOS:A1993LM11100030 ER PT J AU QUESENBERRY, KH SMITH, RR AF QUESENBERRY, KH SMITH, RR TI RECURRENT SELECTION FOR PLANT-REGENERATION FROM RED-CLOVER TISSUE-CULTURE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; ALFALFA; CALLUS; MEDICAGO AB Methods for plant genetic transformation generally require that single transformed cells can be regenerated into whole plants. Plant development from callus tissue culture has been shown to be under genetic control in various species. This study was conducted to determine the variability for this trait and to select for increased frequency of regeneration in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Five cycles of recurrent phenotypic selection (one cycle per year) for increased plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from callus tissue culture were carried out beginning with a base population from the cultivar Arlington. Progeny were evaluated on a half-sib family basis for estimation of narrow sense heritability. A three-step tissue culture protocol (callus induction, embryo induction, and plant development) based on Gamborg's B5 basal salts, NAA and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid) as auxins, and kinetin and adenine as cytokinins was utilized. Explant source was petiole sections. Percentage regenerating plants in the base population, recurrent phenotypic selection cycle 1 (RPS1), RPS2, RPS3, RPS4, and RPS5 was 4, 9, 16, 20, 41, and 72%. A cycle of genotypic selection (progeny testing) was more efficient in increasing regeneration frequency on a per cycle basis but less efficient on a per year basis since 2 yrs were required to complete a cycle of genotypic selection. Number of regenerating plants per petiole explant was > 200 for selected RPS5 individuals compared with < 10 in base population individuals. Narrow sense heritability estimates ranged from 40 to 50%. These results show that plant regeneration from callus tissue of red clover is a highly heritable trait. The population developed in this research should be immediately useful for genetic transformation of red clover. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. RP QUESENBERRY, KH (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT AGRON,2183 MCCARTY HALL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 585 EP 589 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LM111 UT WOS:A1993LM11100033 ER PT J AU BURNER, DM LEGENDRE, BL AF BURNER, DM LEGENDRE, BL TI CHROMOSOME TRANSMISSION AND MEIOTIC STABILITY OF SUGARCANE (SACCHARUM SPP) HYBRID DERIVATIVES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AMPHIPLOIDS AB Efficiency of selection in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) breeding may be influenced by the type of chromosome transmission. Our objectives were to determine chromosome transmission and meiotic stability among and within sugarcane families derived from crosses of elite, interspecific clones with four S. spontaneum L. clones. The cytological behavior, pollen stainability, and seed yield were measured for 23 nonrecurrent clones in parental, F1, and BC2 to BC3 generations. Chromosome number was determined for 13 recurrent parents. Chromosome transmission was strictly n + n, although meiotic irregularity, aneuploidy, and chromosomal mosaicism resulted in aneuploid gametes. Chromosome number increased quadratically with generations from 2n = 60.5 in S. spontaneum parents to 2n = 84.0 at F1, 97.5 at BC1, 106.1 at BC2, and 108.0 at BC3. Chromosomes paired primarily as bivalents, although variable numbers of univalents and multivalents were observed. The frequency of trivalents increased linearly with generations, and was greater in hybrid derivatives than in parental S. spontaneum clones. Multivalent pairing indicated that autosyndesis was incomplete. Meiotic irregularities also included multiple nucleoli, anaphase bridges and laggards, asynchronous meiosis, chromosome fragments, pseudobivalents, first and second division restitution nuclei, and syncytes. One clone, 'CP 33-224', was partially desynaptic. Results suggest that sugarcane cultivars and S. spontaneum share a common endosperm balance number unlike S. officinarum L. and S. spontaneum. Transmission by n + n may indicate that additional cycles of random mating among hybrid derivatives, relative to that with 2n + n transmission, may be necessary to recover desirable recombinants in sugarcane populations. RP BURNER, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,POB 470,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 600 EP 606 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LM111 UT WOS:A1993LM11100036 ER PT J AU GIZLICE, Z CARTER, TE BURTON, JW AF GIZLICE, Z CARTER, TE BURTON, JW TI GENETIC DIVERSITY IN NORTH-AMERICAN SOYBEAN .1. MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS OF FOUNDING STOCK AND RELATION TO COEFFICIENT OF PARENTAGE SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT CULTIVARS; PEDIGREE ANALYSIS AB Pedigree analysis provides information helpful in the preservation of genetic diversity in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. An often-used, but untested assumption in pedigree analysis of soybean is that the pedigree relationship between ancestors of unknown origin is zero. We investigated genotypic relationships among 14 ancestors that constitute = 70% of the genetic base for North American public soybean cultivars. The experiment was conducted at the Southeastern Plant Environmental Laboratories phytotron under controlled light and temperature conditions. The ancestral strains of soybean exhibited a wide range of genetic diversity for 10 metric traits; more than that predicted by a previous study employing molecular markers. Multivariate analysis collapsed the 10 traits into four principal components that explained 80% of the total genotypic variation among the strains. Similarity estimates (s) for all pairs of the ancestral types were derived from the four components. Subsequently, coefficient of parentage (r) estimates (derived from pedigree analysis) were calculated for 258 modern soybean cultivars. A first pedigree analysis employed the standard assumption given above and a second analysis substituted s values in place of zero as estimates of genetic relatedness in the founding stock. The similarity estimates did not have a large effect on estimates of r for cultivars released after 1980. Thus, the assumption of zero relation among founding stock should not influence soybean breeders' approaches to the use or preservation of genetic diversity. The small impact of s on the estimation of r is theorized to result from the infrequent occurrence of extremely high or low s values between the nine ancestors that are major contributors to modern soybean. A small r was observed between the modern southern and northern cultivars, indicating that these two gene pools remain distinct and offer the best available reservoirs of quantitative gentic diversity for practical breeding. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT DAIRY & POULTRY SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV AKDENIZ UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ANTALYA 07070,TURKEY. NR 31 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 614 EP 620 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LM111 UT WOS:A1993LM11100038 ER PT J AU GIZLICE, Z CARTER, TE BURTON, JW AF GIZLICE, Z CARTER, TE BURTON, JW TI GENETIC DIVERSITY IN NORTH-AMERICAN SOYBEAN .2. PREDICTION OF HETEROSIS IN F(2) POPULATIONS OF SOUTHERN FOUNDING STOCK USING GENETIC SIMILARITY MEASURES SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BRASSICA-NAPUS L; DISTANCE; COEFFICIENT; DIVERGENCE; ABILITY; WHEAT; LINES AB Genetic distance measures are typically derived from multivariate statistical analysis of morphological, isozymic, or RFLP data but not agronomic data. Rational application of genetic distance measures to plant breeding requires some evidence that these measures are associated with agronomic traits such as seed yield. No such proof is available in soybean. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate agronomic diversity among five of the founding stock of Southern U.S. soybean employing F2 heterosis for seed yield, and (ii) investigate the association of agronomic genetic diversity with three genetic similarity (GS) estimates. Two estimates, GS1 and GS2, were constructed from multivariate analysis of biochemical and morphological traits in the founding stock grown in a phytrotron facility. The third, variance for 100-seed weight (GS3) in the F2 progeny of the founding stock, was chosen because 100-seed weight was the trait most heavily weighted in the statistical construction of GS1 and GS2. The five ancestral strains and their ten F2 progeny bulks were evaluated for seed yield and 100-seed weight at two locations in North Carolina in 1989 and 1990. Half of the 10 F2 progeny populations exhibited significant (P < 0.05) mid-parent heterosis for seed yield. Mean heterosis was 9.3% with a range of -1 to 19%. One F2 progeny bulk, that of Tokyo x Roanoke, produced only slightly less seed yield than two modern cultivars derived from 40 yr of soybean breeding. The F2 heterosis for yield was predicted by GS2 and GS3 but not GS1. GS2 and GS3 more clearly distinguished the differences among the strains than did GS1 because these estimates were based soley upon the genotypes under study while GS1 was developed to maximize discrimination among a much broader base of ancestral strains. We conclude that the application of genetic distance measures as predictors of agronomic genetic diversity should be made with caution. Their utility may be population dependent. The F2 heterosis we observed was not associated with previously published similarity indices developed from isozymic and RFLP data. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT DAIRY & POULTRY SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV AKDENIZ UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ANTALYA 07070,TURKEY. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 620 EP 626 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LM111 UT WOS:A1993LM11100039 ER PT J AU BURTON, GW GATES, RN HILL, GM AF BURTON, GW GATES, RN HILL, GM TI REGISTRATION OF TIFTON-85 BERMUDAGRASS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXP STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP BURTON, GW (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 3 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 644 EP 645 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LM111 UT WOS:A1993LM11100045 ER PT J AU TOWNSEND, CE DITTERLINE, RL AF TOWNSEND, CE DITTERLINE, RL TI REGISTRATION OF C-18, C-19, C-20 AND C-21 GERMPLASMS OF CICER MILKVETCH SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. RP TOWNSEND, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 649 EP 649 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA LM111 UT WOS:A1993LM11100051 ER PT J AU SAHA, BC SILMAN, RW BOTHAST, RJ AF SAHA, BC SILMAN, RW BOTHAST, RJ TI AMYLOLYTIC ENZYMES PRODUCED BY A COLOR VARIANT STRAIN OF AUREOBASIDIUM-PULLULANS SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOMYCOPSIS-FIBULIGERA GLUCOAMYLASE; EXTRACELLULAR ALPHA-AMYLASE; SCHWANNIOMYCES-ALLUVIUS; PURIFICATION; XYLANASE; CULTURE; YEASTS; STARCH; CELLS AB A color variant strain of Aureobasidium pullulans (NRRL Y-12974) produced amylase and alpha-glucosidase activities when grown at 28-degrees-C for 4 days in liquid culture on a wide variety of carbon sources such as starch, pullulan, glucose, maltose, cyclodextrins, sucrose, xylose, and xylan. An alpha-glucosidase was separated by Q-Sepharose adsorption from the cell-free culture broth and partially purified by hydroxylapatite and octyl-Sepharose chromatography. After ammonium sulfate treatment of the culture supernatant (obtained after Q-Sepharose adsorption), the amylase fraction was separated into three active fractions by hydroxylapatite column chromatography, which were identified as alpha-amylase, glucoamylase A, and glucoamylase B. The glucoamylase A was further purified by octyl-Sepharose column chromatography. The pH optima for the action of alpha-amylase, glucoamylase A, glucoamylase B, and alpha-glucosidase were 5.0, 4.5, 4.0-4.5, and 4.5, respectively. The alpha-amylase and glucoamylase B were fully stable at pH 3.0-6.0, glucoamylase A at pH 4.5-5.5.1 and alpha-glucosidase at pH 3.5-7.0 for 1 h at 50-degrees-C. The optimum temperatures for the action of these enzymes were 55-degrees, 50-degrees-60-degrees, 65-degrees, and 65-degrees-C, respectively. The alpha-amylase, glucoamylase A, and glucoamylase B were adsorbed onto raw corn starch and degraded it. Glucoamylase B readily cleaved pullulan. The alpha-glucosidase was not adsorbed onto raw starch and did not degrade it at all. It hydrolyzed both alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 linkages in oligosaccharides. All four enzymes did not require any metal ion for activity and were inhibited by cyclodextrins (alpha- and beta-, 10 mm). RP SAHA, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 26 IS 5 BP 267 EP 273 DI 10.1007/BF01575916 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KW174 UT WOS:A1993KW17400005 ER PT J AU OSMAN, SF FETT, WF IRWIN, PL BAILEY, DG PARRIS, N OCONNOR, JV AF OSMAN, SF FETT, WF IRWIN, PL BAILEY, DG PARRIS, N OCONNOR, JV TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE DEPOLYMERASE FROM PSEUDOMONAS-MARGINALIS HT041B SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AERUGINOSA; POLYSACCHARIDE AB An enzyme has been isolated from Pseudomonas marginalis (a pathogen responsible for the spoilage of fruits and vegetables in storage) that degrades the exopolysaccharide (mw > 2 x 10(6) Da) produced by this organism. The mechanism of degradation has been determined to be a depolymerization that results from glucosidic cleavage. The product of depolymerization is a polysaccharide of ca. 2.5 x 10(5) Da. The enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 28 kDa, a pH optimum of 6.5, pI = 9.1, and an apparent K(m) of 1.95 x 10(-7) +/- 3.5 x 10(-8) M. Native and enzyme-treated marginalan supported no or very limited growth of the bacterium, respectively. RP OSMAN, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 26 IS 5 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.1007/BF01575921 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KW174 UT WOS:A1993KW17400010 ER PT J AU BRUGGER, KE NOL, P PHILLIPS, CI AF BRUGGER, KE NOL, P PHILLIPS, CI TI SUCROSE REPELLENCY TO EUROPEAN STARLINGS - WILL HIGH-SUCROSE CULTIVARS DETER BIRD DAMAGE TO FRUIT SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE BIRD DAMAGE; DIGESTION; EUROPEAN STARLINGS; FRUIT; INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT; SUCROSE; VERTEBRATE PEST CONTROL ID QUALITY; NECTAR; SUGARS AB European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) are often pests in commercial fruit crops in North America and Europe. Because starlings lack the digestive enzyme sucrase and cannot digest sucrose, they may develop an aversion to high-sucrose fruits. In water-tube drinking trials, we tested captive starlings with aqueous solutions of 15% (mass/volume) mixed sugars to identify the level of sucrose required to develop a conditioned feeding aversion when digestible sugars are present. In one-tube tests, starlings decreased intake of 11.25 and 15% sucrose solutions relative to their pretest intake of a 15% glucose-fructose mixture. In two-tube tests with sucrose solutions paired against a digestible glucose-fructose solution, starlings decreased preferences for the sucrose solutions as sucrose concentrations increased. These data suggest that the presence of digestible nutrients mitigates the effect of sucrose in sucrase-deficient birds and that a fruit cultivar would require greater-than-or-equal-to 11.25% sucrose to repel starlings. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP BRUGGER, KE (reprint author), USDA,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,ANIMAL & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,FLORIDA FIELD STN,2820 E UNIV AVE,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601, USA. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 33 U2 138 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 3 IS 2 BP 256 EP 261 DI 10.2307/1941828 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LG199 UT WOS:A1993LG19900010 PM 27759327 ER PT J AU CLARK, L MASON, JR AF CLARK, L MASON, JR TI INTERACTION BETWEEN SENSORY AND POSTINGESTIONAL REPELLENTS IN STARLINGS - METHYL ANTHRANILATE AND SUCROSE SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE BIRD REPELLENT; FRUGIVORY; FRUIT; LEARNED AVERSION; METHYL ANTHRANILATE; SENSORY IRRITANT; STARLING ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; BIRD DAMAGE; DIMETHYL ANTHRANILATE; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE; STURNUS-VULGARIS; CHERRY ORCHARDS; LIVESTOCK FEED; METHIOCARB; AVOIDANCE; AVERSIONS AB Ingestion of concentrated sucrose solutions causes sickness in sucrase-deficient birds. As a result, some suggest that sucrose may represent an environmentally safe avian repellent. In the present experiments, we compared the repellency of sucrose to that of methyl anthranilate (MA), a known avian repellent. We also tested mixtures of sucrose and MA to investigate whether repellency could be enhanced, relative to sucrose or MA presented alone. The results showed that the MA was strongly avoided in both drinking and feeding trials. Conversely, only high sucrose concentrations were avoided, and only in drinking trials. No combination of MA and sucrose was as effective as MA alone. We conclude that sucrose is not sufficiently aversive to serve as an avian repellent in the field. RP CLARK, L (reprint author), USDA,MONELL CHEM SENSES CTR,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,3500 MARKET ST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 3 IS 2 BP 262 EP 270 DI 10.2307/1941829 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LG199 UT WOS:A1993LG19900011 PM 27759329 ER PT J AU MLADENOFF, DJ WHITE, MA PASTOR, J CROW, TR AF MLADENOFF, DJ WHITE, MA PASTOR, J CROW, TR TI COMPARING SPATIAL PATTERN IN UNALTERED OLD-GROWTH AND DISTURBED FOREST LANDSCAPES SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; DISTURBANCE; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS); HEMLOCK HARDWOODS; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; MICHIGAN; OLD GROWTH; RESERVE DESIGN; RESTORATION; SPATIAL STATISTICS; WISCONSIN; WESTERN GREAT LAKES ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD; TREEFALL GAPS; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; DESIGN; WISCONSIN; DYNAMICS; HEMLOCK; AREA AB We used geographic information systems (GIS) to analyze the structure of a second-growth forest landscape (9600 ha) that contains scattered old-growth patches. We compared this landscape to a nearby, unaltered old-growth landscape on comparable land forms and soils to assess the effects of human activity on forest spatial pattern. Our objective is to determine if characteristic landscape structural patterns distinguish the primary old-growth forest landscape from the disturbed landscape. Characteristic patterns of old-growth landscape structure would be useful in enhancing and restoring old-growth ecosystem functioning in managed landscapes. Our natural old-growth landscape is still dominated by the original forest cover of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), and yellow birch (Betula allegheniensis). The disturbed landscape has only scattered, remnant patches of old-growth ecosystems among a greater number of early successional hardwood and conifer forest types. Human disturbances can either increase or decrease landscape heterogeneity depending on the parameter and spatial scale examined. In this study, we found that a number of important structural features of the intact old-growth landscape do not occur in the disturbed landscape. The disturbed landscape has significantly more small forest patches and fewer large, matrix patches than the intact landscape. Forest patches in the fragmented landscape are significantly simpler in shape (lower fractal dimension, D) than in the intact old-growth landscape. Change in fractal dimension with patch size, a relationship that may be characteristic of differing processes of patch formation at different scales, is present within the intact landscape but has been obscured by human activity in the disturbed landscape. Important ecosystem juxtapositions of the old-growth landscape, such as hemlock with lowland conifers, have been lost in the disturbed landscape. In addition, significant landscape heterogeneity in this glaciated region is produced by landforms alone, without natural or human disturbances. The features that distinguish disturbed and old-growth forest landscape structure that we have described need to be examined elsewhere to determine if such features are characteristic of other landscapes and regions. Such forest landscape structural differences that exist more broadly could form the basis of landscape principles to be applied both to the restoration of old-growth forest landscapes and the modification of general forest management for enhancing biodiversity. These principles may be particularly useful for constructing integrated landscapes managed for both commodity production and biodiversity protection. C1 US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. RP MLADENOFF, DJ (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,NAT RESOURCES RES INST,DULUTH,MN 55811, USA. RI Pastor, John/F-6241-2011 NR 56 TC 223 Z9 237 U1 15 U2 93 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 3 IS 2 BP 294 EP 306 DI 10.2307/1941832 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LG199 UT WOS:A1993LG19900014 PM 27759315 ER PT J AU MORRISON, ML RAPHAEL, MG AF MORRISON, ML RAPHAEL, MG TI MODELING THE DYNAMICS OF SNAGS SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE BIRDS; LESLIE MATRIX; MODELING; POPULATION DYNAMICS; SIERRA NEVADA, CALIFORNIA; SNAG POPULATION DYNAMICS VS FIRE HISTORY; SNAGS; STANDING DEAD TREES; TREE DECAY AB Many wildlife species require standing dead trees (i.e., snags) as part of their habitat. Therefore, the ability to predict future density, distribution, and condition of snags can assist resource managers in making land-use decisions. Here we present methods for modeling the dynamics of snags using data from a 10-yr study on the rates of decay, falling, and recruitment of snags on burned and unburned plots in the Sierra Nevada, California. Snags (all species) in advanced stages of decay usually fell within 5 yr, and snags created by fire decayed rapidly and fell quicker (within 10 yr) than those on unburned plots. Pine (Pinus spp.) snags decayed more rapidly than fir (Abies spp.). Although there was an overall net increase in snag density on unburned plots, most of this increase was in the smaller (> 13-38 cm diameter at breast height [dbh]) size classes; there was a net decrease in the larger (> 38 cm dbh) snags preferred by many birds for nesting and feeding. Overall, snags remained standing the longest that were larger in diameter, shorter in height, less decayed, fir rather than pine, and lacking tops. A Leslie matrix model of snag dynamics predicted changes in snag decay and density only when adjusted for the specific environmental factor(s) causing initial tree mortality. Many snags are created by episodic events, such as fire, disease, drought, and insects. Models of snag dynamics must include the species and condition of trees becoming snags, as well as the factor(s) causing the tree to die. Forest managers must consider this episodic creation of snags when developing snag-management guidelines, and when planning tree-salvage programs based on short-term inventories. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,OLYMPIA,WA 98502. RP MORRISON, ML (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT FORESTRY & RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 6 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 4 U2 15 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 3 IS 2 BP 322 EP 330 DI 10.2307/1941835 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LG199 UT WOS:A1993LG19900017 PM 27759324 ER PT J AU ABER, JD DRISCOLL, C FEDERER, CA LATHROP, R LOVETT, G MELILLO, JM STEUDLER, P VOGELMANN, J AF ABER, JD DRISCOLL, C FEDERER, CA LATHROP, R LOVETT, G MELILLO, JM STEUDLER, P VOGELMANN, J TI A STRATEGY FOR THE REGIONAL-ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CLIMATE-CHANGE ON BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES IN NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES FORESTS SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON MODELLING AS A TOOL TO INTEGRATE DATA AND ALLOW REGIONAL PREDICTIONS CY SEP, 1990 CL ESTES PK, CO SP LONG TERM ECOL RES NETWORK ID GRASSLAND BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; DEPOSITION AB A method is presented for extrapolating the results of site-level ecosystem studies to regional scales. Simple, data-intensive models of ecosystem function are combined with regional data planes describing physical and chemical climate to yield regional predictions. The importance of validating regional predictions with rigorous regional measurements is stressed. Examples of available models and validation data sets are presented. C1 SYRACUSE UNIV,SYRACUSE,NY 13244. US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DURHAM,NH 03824. RUTGERS UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM RESOURCES,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. MARY FLAGLER CARY ARBORETUM,INST ECOSYST STUDIES,MILLBROOK,NY. MARINE BIOL LAB,CTR ECOSYST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP ABER, JD (reprint author), UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,INST STUDY EARTH OCEANS & SPACE,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. RI Lovett, Gary/H-3800-2013; Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014 NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 67 IS 1 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1016/0304-3800(93)90098-D PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LB732 UT WOS:A1993LB73200004 ER PT J AU CLINE, LD THRONE, JE AF CLINE, LD THRONE, JE TI SEASONAL FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF LIPOPTENA-MAZAMAE (DIPTERA, HIPPOBOSCIDAE) IN SOUTH-CAROLINA SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB Flying winged adults (volants) of Lipoptena mazamae were collected in sticky traps at two of three grain storage sites in southeastern South Carolina that were being sampled for seasonal occurrence of stored-product insects. Of the 42 volants captured during the 55-week test, at least one was caught in every month from April through November. None were caught from December through March. Most were caught in traps placed near wooded areas or heavy shade where deer were likely to travel or feed. Sticky traps provide an alternative to conventional trapping methods for hippoboscids, but have the disadvantage of not providing positive host information. RP CLINE, LD (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 104 IS 3 BP 129 EP 132 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LL779 UT WOS:A1993LL77900004 ER PT J AU SCHAEFER, PW AF SCHAEFER, PW TI OVERWINTERING AGGREGATIONS OF FEMALE BRACHYMERIA-INTERMEDIA (HYMENOPTERA, CHALCIDIDAE) SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article AB Discovery of 24 overwintering female Brachymeria intermedia in a single aggregation in a window sash in an unheated building; a single female in an attic window 7.4 m above ground; a cluster under felt (tar) paper in a dog house; and in naturally occurring dead stumps or trees-all suggest that any dry, well protected site is suitable for overwintering. RP SCHAEFER, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BENEFICIAL INSECTS INTRODUCT RES UNIT,NEWARK,DE 19713, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 104 IS 3 BP 133 EP 135 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LL779 UT WOS:A1993LL77900005 ER PT J AU JACQUES, PF AF JACQUES, PF TI ANTIOXIDANTS AND CATARACTS SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP JACQUES, PF (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 1993 VL 4 IS 3 BP 191 EP 193 DI 10.1097/00001648-199305000-00001 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LB742 UT WOS:A1993LB74200001 PM 8512982 ER PT J AU SALAM, MA MACKILL, DJ AF SALAM, MA MACKILL, DJ TI EFFECTS OF A PHOTOPERIOD SENSITIVITY GENE ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN RICE SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Photoperiod sensitivity is an important breeding objective for rainfed rice (Oryza sativa L.) areas with variable rainfall patterns. An understanding of how plant morphological characters are influenced by photoperiod sensitivity will assist in the selection for photoperiod-sensitive lines with improved yield. The influence of seeding dates on different plant characters was studied for pairs of photoperiod-sensitive and -insensitive near-isogenic lines. The reduction in plant height, internode number, flag leaf length, panicle length and grains per panicle was similar to percent reduction in the days to flowering in the sensitive lines at later seeding dates (i.e. shorter daylength). Therefore, the influence of the photoperiod sensitivity gene on these plant characters was most likely due to the reduction of growth duration under shorter daylength. The number of particles per plant and spikelet sterility of photoperiod-sensitive lines increased in the last seeding date. Length of the last internode, 100-grain weight and grain yield per plant were not affected by seeding dates or growth duration. These results indicate that the introduction of a photoperiod sensitivity gene into high-yielding cultivars should not reduce yields. The effect of seeding dates on plant characters in photoperiod-sensitive cultivars, however, has implications in plant selection in breeding nurseries and evaluation of advanced breeding lines. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & RANGE SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. BANGLADESH RICE RES INST,DIV PLANT BREEDING,GAZIPUR,BANGLADESH. RI Mackill, David/C-6368-2014 OI Mackill, David/0000-0003-4224-6781 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1016/0378-4290(93)90084-Z PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA KW435 UT WOS:A1993KW43500006 ER PT J AU FORSGREN, H LOFTUS, AJ AF FORSGREN, H LOFTUS, AJ TI RISING TO A GREATER FUTURE - FOREST SERVICE FISHERIES PROGRAM ACCOUNTABILITY SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB The Sport Fishing Institute and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service combined efforts to evaluate the perceived results of increased funding for the Forest Service fisheries program. A stratified random sample of all administrative levels within the agency was asked to complete a questionnaire. Responses were received from 138 of the 177 units surveyed. Respondents generally agree that increases in funding have resulted in improved habitat conditions and customer satisfaction, and that funding is being expended to meet forest plan fish habitat objectives. However, respondents believe that direction provided by forest plans for fish habitat management is insufficient, and that inadequate emphasis is placed on monitoring to actually document changes in habitat condition and customer satisfaction. Many respondents believe that the Forest Service fisheries program needs to place greater emphasis on coordination with other resource management programs, inventory, maintenance of existing improvement structures, aquatic resource education and marketing of program accomplishments. Six priority areas are identified for improving Forest Service fisheries program accountability and effectiveness. RP FORSGREN, H (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,POB 96090,WASHINGTON,DC 20090, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAY PY 1993 VL 18 IS 5 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(1993)018<0015:RTAGFF>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LA500 UT WOS:A1993LA50000004 ER PT J AU NIGG, HN NORDBY, HE BEIER, RC DILLMAN, A MACIAS, C HANSEN, RC AF NIGG, HN NORDBY, HE BEIER, RC DILLMAN, A MACIAS, C HANSEN, RC TI PHOTOTOXIC COUMARINS IN LIMES SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINEAR FUROCOUMARINS PSORALENS; CELERY; DERMATITIS; WORKERS; CITRUS AB Coumarins in the rind and pulp of Persian and Key limes were quantified. In the rind of Persian limes, coumarin concentrations were in the order: limettin > bergapten > isopimpinellin > xanthotoxin > psoralen. In the rind of Key limes, psoralen and xanthotoxin were analytically absent; limettin was 10 times more concentrated than either bergapten or isopimpinellin, which were equal in concentration. Coumarin content in Persian lime pulp was in the order: isopimpinellin > limettin > bergapten > xanthotoxin > psoralen. For Key lime pulp, the concentrations of limettin, isopimpinellin and bergapten were equal; psoralen and xanthotoxin were not detected. Coumarins in lime pulp were 13 to 182 times less concentrated than those in the peel. Based on the amounts and types of coumarins, Persian limes appear to be potentially more phototoxic than Key limes. Although bergapten may be the main component of limes responsible for phytophotodermatitis, dermatological interaction assays with psoralen. bergapten, xanthotoxin and limettin should be conducted. C1 USDA ARS, HORT RES LAB, ORLANDO, FL 32803 USA. USDA ARS, FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB, COLL STN, TX 77845 USA. UNIV ARIZONA, COLL MED, DEPT INTERNAL MED, DERMATOL & PEDIAT, TUCSON, AZ 85724 USA. RP UNIV FLORIDA, CTR AGR RES & EDUC, CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC, IFAS, 700 EXPT STN RD, LAKE ALFRED, FL 33850 USA. NR 36 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 EI 1873-6351 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 31 IS 5 BP 331 EP 335 DI 10.1016/0278-6915(93)90187-4 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA LG486 UT WOS:A1993LG48600002 PM 8505017 ER PT J AU SHOWALTER, TD TURCHIN, P AF SHOWALTER, TD TURCHIN, P TI SOUTHERN PINE-BEETLE INFESTATION DEVELOPMENT - INTERACTION BETWEEN PINE AND HARDWOOD BASAL AREAS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; FOREST MANAGEMENT; RESOURCE CONCENTRATION; INSECT ID LODGEPOLE PINE; ATTACK; TREE AB We evaluated the interactive effects of pine and hardwood basal areas on stand susceptibility to southern pine beetle during 2 yr. Low and high pine basal areas (12 vs. 25 m2/ha, respectively) and presence and absence of hardwoods (11 vs. 2 m2/ha, respectively) were represented in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment replicated in four blocks of 30-40-year-old pine stands during 1989 and 1990. Infestations were initiated by introducing bolts containing southern pine beetle pupae and callow adults from two infested trees into each experimental plot. Bolts were placed around a baited tree that provided a focus for attack. During both years the dense, pure pine treatment showed significantly greater infestation growth than the other treatments, killing an average of 9 trees during 1990 and 6 trees for the 2 yr combined. Infestations in the other treatments killed, on average, only the baited tree. These results demonstrated experimentally that thinned stands are less susceptible to southern pine beetle and that hardwoods apparently do not increase susceptibility but may interfere with infestation growth. Implications of these results for forest management are discussed. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP SHOWALTER, TD (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 39 IS 2 BP 201 EP 210 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LB101 UT WOS:A1993LB10100001 ER PT J AU BALOCCHI, CE BRIDGWATER, FE ZOBEL, BJ JAHROMI, S AF BALOCCHI, CE BRIDGWATER, FE ZOBEL, BJ JAHROMI, S TI AGE TRENDS IN GENETIC-PARAMETERS FOR TREE HEIGHT IN A NONSELECTED POPULATION OF LOBLOLLY-PINE SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PINUS-TAEDA; COEFFICIENT OF GENETIC PREDICTION; NONADDITIVE VARIANCE; HERITABILITY ID STAND DEVELOPMENT; EARLY SELECTION; GROWTH AB Additive variance for height of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in Georgia was very low at younger ages (1 to 8) but rapidly increased thereafter. Nonadditive variance increased from ages 1 to 10 and then remained constant through age 26. The ratio of nonadditive variance to total genetic variance increased from 17% at age 1 to a maximum of 82% at age 6, and then declined to 20% at age 26. Heritability values ranged from almost zero to approximately 0.75 with the lowest values occurring at very young ages and for within-family and individual-tree heritabilities. The largest values were associated mainly with family heritabilities and older ages. Almost all estimates of heritability exhibited similar trends; values were very low at early ages and a maximum value between ages 14 and 16. Narrow-sense heritabilities were near zero until approximately age 8, then they increased sharply through age 16 and declined at the final measurement age. Finally, the coefficient of genetic prediction for tree height between juvenile ages (1 to 16) and the final measurement age for tree height, when based on the total genetic component (CGP-G), showed a nearly linear increase from age 1 to age 16. The maximum values for this parameter were those associated with full-sib family means and ranged from 0.13 at age 1 to 0.67 at age 16. The additive (CGP-A) and nonadditive (CGP-D) components of CGP-G followed the same patterns the additive and nonadditive variances followed. C1 US FOREST SERV, RALEIGH, NC USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, SE FOREST EXPT STN, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT FORESTRY, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. INT PAPER CO, SOUTHLANDS EXPT FOREST, BAINBRIDGE, GA USA. RP BALOCCHI, CE (reprint author), UNIV AUSTRAL CHILE, CORP NACL FORESTAL, EMPRESAS FORSTALE TREE IMPROVEMENT COOPERAT, CASILLA 853, VALDIVIA, CHILE. NR 21 TC 66 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 39 IS 2 BP 231 EP 251 PG 21 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LB101 UT WOS:A1993LB10100003 ER PT J AU LYNCH, TB MAX, TA BURKHART, HE LIU, JP AF LYNCH, TB MAX, TA BURKHART, HE LIU, JP TI PREDICTION EQUATIONS FOR CENTERS OF GRAVITY AND MOMENTS OF INERTIA OF LOBLOLLY-PINE STEMS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HARVESTING; PINUS-TAEDA L; RIDGE REGRESSION; NONLINEAR REGRESSION AB Adequate design of tree harvesting equipment requires reliable estimates of centers of gravity and moments of inertia for full trees and tree-length stems. Several prediction models were developed for both centers of gravity and moments of inertia based on the theory of geometric solids. These models were fitted to center of gravity and moment of inertia estimates that were derived from stem dimension and weight measurements on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees. The models were compared, and the best prediction equations for center of gravity and moment of inertia of tree-length stems were identified. Application of standard multiple regression methods resulted in a moment of inertia prediction model with a slope parameter estimate that had a sign opposite to that indicated by a theoretical model. Ridge regression and nonlinear regression were used to fit moment of inertia prediction models having coefficient signs consistent with those predicted by the theoretical model. The parameter estimates obtained by nonlinear regression were selected since they conformed more closely to properties of the theoretical moment of inertia model. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,PORTLAND,OR 97208. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP LYNCH, TB (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 39 IS 2 BP 260 EP 274 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LB101 UT WOS:A1993LB10100005 ER PT J AU OUYANG, Z SCHREUDER, HT AF OUYANG, Z SCHREUDER, HT TI APPROXIMATE SRIVASTAVA ESTIMATION IN FORESTRY SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POISSON SAMPLING; ESTIMATION BIAS AB Srivastava estimation formalizes the introduction of additional prior and posterior information in sampling to increase efficiency in estimation. An unbiased new estimator is given for Poisson sampling which is approximately as efficient as the standard slightly biased estimator without using any additional information. The increased efficiency possible with this method or approximations to it are illustrated for Poisson sampling and point-Poisson sampling using simulations. Srivastava estimation may be applicable in many forest inventory situations. Besides efficiency, the seriousness of estimation bias and reliability of variance estimators need to be considered in all applications. C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MTN FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP OUYANG, Z (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,FT COLLINS,CO 80525, USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 39 IS 2 BP 309 EP 320 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LB101 UT WOS:A1993LB10100008 ER PT J AU SCHREUDER, HT LI, J SCOTT, CT AF SCHREUDER, HT LI, J SCOTT, CT TI ESTIMATION WITH DIFFERENT STRATIFICATION AT 2 OCCASIONS SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHANGING STRATA; FOREST SURVEY; ESTIMATORS; PROBABILITIES; JOINT PROBABILITIES; VARIANCE ESTIMATION; JACKKNIFING AB Since forest surveys may use different strata over time, permanent plots may be remeasured and new plots may be selected with different probabilities. The inclusion probabilities and joint probabilities of selecting both remeasured and new plots, considering both occasions, are derived. The Horvitz-Thompson estimator using two approximations to actual probabilities of selection and a stratified sampling estimator ignoring initial probabilities of selection are compared for bias and efficiency. The Yates-Grundy, probability proportional to size with replacement, jackknife, and stratified sampling variance estimators are evaluated in terms of bias in estimating the true variance of the estimators. Three populations are constructed with different rates of movement between strata from time 1 to time 2 to evaluate the estimators. The stratified sampling estimator performed poorly. The jackknife variance estimator is recommended. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015. BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB CO,SYRACUSE,NY 13221. RP SCHREUDER, HT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MTN FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT ST,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 39 IS 2 BP 368 EP 382 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LB101 UT WOS:A1993LB10100012 ER PT J AU SINHA, NR WILLIAMS, RE HAKE, S AF SINHA, NR WILLIAMS, RE HAKE, S TI OVEREXPRESSION OF THE MAIZE HOMEO BOX GENE, KNOTTED-1, CAUSES A SWITCH FROM DETERMINATE TO INDETERMINATE CELL FATES SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE MAIZE; OVEREXPRESSION; HOMEO BOX; MORPHOGENESIS; KNOTTED ID DOMINANT MORPHOLOGICAL MUTANT; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; EXPRESSION; LEAVES; PLANTS; ELECTROPORATION; TRANSFORMATION; POSITION; MANNER AB The KNOTTED-1 (KN1) locus of maize is defined by dominant mutations that affect leaf cell fates. Transposon tagging led to the isolation of the gene and the discovery that KN1 encodes a homeo domain. Immunolocalization studies showed that in wild-type maize plants, KN1 protein is present in nuclei of apical meristems and immature shoot axes but is down-regulated as lateral organs, such as leaves, are initiated. The protein is not immunohistochemically detectable in wild-type leaves at any stage. In developing leaves of plants carrying the dominant Kn1 mutation, temporally and spatially restricted ectopic expression of KN1 causes the mutant phenotype. To better understand the function of KN1 in plant development, we sought to determine the phenotype of plants in which KN1 was constitutively expressed. We find that tobacco plants transformed with the KN1 cDNA driven by the CaMV 35S promoter have a dramatically altered phenotype. The phenotypes are variable and depend on the level of KN1 protein. Plants expressing moderate levels of KN1 are reduced in stature with rumpled or lobed leaves. Plants with relatively high levels of KN1 lack apical dominance and are severely dwarfed in overall height and leaf size. Small shoots originate from the surface of these diminutive leaves. On the basis of phenotypes in maize and tobacco, we propose that the KN1 homeo box gene plays a role in determining cell fate. The consequences of KN1 overexpression appear to depend on the concentration of KN1 and the timing of its expression during organogenesis. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP SINHA, NR (reprint author), USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 46 TC 336 Z9 358 U1 3 U2 17 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 7 IS 5 BP 787 EP 795 DI 10.1101/gad.7.5.787 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA LC498 UT WOS:A1993LC49800006 PM 7684007 ER PT J AU PRICE, JC AF PRICE, JC TI ESTIMATING LEAF-AREA INDEX FROM SATELLITE DATA SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION INDEXES; AVHRR RED; INFORMATION AB A method for estimating leaf area index from visible and near infrared measurements of vegetation above a soil background is applied to a Landsat Thematic Mapper data set. Some constants required for the procedure are inferred from the scattergram of data values. The resulting image illustrates variability of leaf area index over an agricultural area. The mixed pixel case, corresponding to low resolution data from the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) is also discussed, and a vegetation index is suggested for both high and low resolution data. Consideration of the two types of data leads to the suggestion that a sampled high spatial resolution sensor (50-100 m) be added to the AVHRR in order to permit accurate inference of vegetation conditions over agricultural areas. RP PRICE, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 82 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 1993 VL 31 IS 3 BP 727 EP 734 DI 10.1109/36.225538 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA LQ901 UT WOS:A1993LQ90100020 ER PT J AU BETTS, M BEINING, P BRUNSWICK, M INMAN, J ANGUS, RD HOFFMAN, T GOLDING, B AF BETTS, M BEINING, P BRUNSWICK, M INMAN, J ANGUS, RD HOFFMAN, T GOLDING, B TI LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE FROM BRUCELLA-ABORTUS BEHAVES AS A T-CELL-INDEPENDENT TYPE-1 CARRIER IN MURINE ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC ANTIBODY-RESPONSES SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-INTERFERON; NORMAL MICE; COVALENT; PROTEINS; INVITRO; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; LYMPHOCYTES; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; SURFACES AB In order to determine the carrier nature of lipopolysaccharide from Brucella abortus (LPS-BA) in evoking humoral responses, normal and immunodeficient mice were immunized with trinitrophenyl (TNP)-conjugated LPS-BA (TNP-LPS-BA) and the responses were compared with those to known T-dependent and T-independent antigens. TNP-LPS-BA, like T-independent type 1 (TI-1) antigens such as TNP-BA and TNP-LPS from Escherichia coli (TNP-LPS-EC), generated anti-TNP responses in BALB/c, athymic BALB/c nu/nu, and CBA/N mice. In contrast, N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-beta-alanylglycylglycyl-substituted keyhole limpet hemocyanin, a typical T-dependent antigen, was not immunogenic in athymic mice, and TNP-Ficoll (T-independent type 2) was ineffective in eliciting humoral responses in CBA/N mice. These results indicate that LPS from B. abortus acts as a TI-1 carrier in generating antibody responses. In C3H/HeJ mice, TNP-LPS-BA generated higher-titer immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2a, and IgG2b anti-TNP antibodies than TNP-LPS-EC. Compared with those from BALB/c mice, pure resting B cells isolated from C3H/Hej mice exhibited a 30-fold lower proliferative response to LPS-EC, whereas the LPS-BA response was reduced to a lesser extent (5-fold). This suggests that the disparity observed in antibody titers was due to different abilities of LPS from B. abortus and E. coli to stimulate C3H/HeJ B cells. The ability of LPS from B. abortus to act as a carrier in generating humoral immune responses indicates that LPS-BA can be substituted for whole B. abortus organisms in vaccine development. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL,CELL BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIAID,IMMUNOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,SCI & TECHNOL ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA 50010. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 61 IS 5 BP 1722 EP 1729 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA KZ177 UT WOS:A1993KZ17700017 PM 8478060 ER PT J AU CASEY, TA SCHNEIDER, RA DEANNYSTROM, EA AF CASEY, TA SCHNEIDER, RA DEANNYSTROM, EA TI IDENTIFICATION OF PLASMID AND CHROMOSOMAL COPIES OF 987P PILUS GENES IN ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI 987 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PORCINE SMALL-INTESTINE; PIG ENTEROPATHOGENS; ADHESION; COLONIZATION; EXPRESSION; ANTIGEN; CLUSTER; K88 AB A DNA probe derived from the subunit gene of a cloned 987P determinant was used to characterize the locations of the 987P genes in several Escherichia coli strains. We examined E. coli 987, a nonpiliated mutant of strain 987 (I36) that does not express 987P in vitro, and a variant of I36 that expressed 987P following growth in vivo. We found that plasmid and chromosomal copies of the 987P subunit gene could be differentiated in strain 987 by restriction endonuclease analysis and Southern blot hybridization. The nonpiliated mutant I36 had lost the plasmid copy but retained the chromosomal copy of the 987P gene. A 987P-piliated variant of I36, which did not contain the 987P plasmid, colonized and caused diarrhea in neonatal pigs similarly to wild-type 987. The plasmid that hybridized with the 987P probe was transferred from strain 987 to an E. coli K-12 strain by conjugation. We were unable to demonstrate expression of 987P by these transconjugants. The data suggest that the chromosomal and plasmid copies of the 987P genes may interact to influence 987P expression. RP CASEY, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 61 IS 5 BP 2249 EP 2252 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA KZ177 UT WOS:A1993KZ17700094 PM 8097495 ER PT J AU SCHMIDT, WF WATERS, RM MITCHELL, AD WARTHEN, JD HONIGBERG, IL VANHALBEEK, H AF SCHMIDT, WF WATERS, RM MITCHELL, AD WARTHEN, JD HONIGBERG, IL VANHALBEEK, H TI ASSOCIATION OF BETA-AGONISTS WITH CORRESPONDING BETA(2)-ADRENERGIC AND BETA(1)-ADRENERGIC PENTAPEPTIDE SEQUENCES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE PEPTIDE; DRUG; LIGAND ELECTROSTATICS; BETA-ADRENOCEPTOR; BETA-AGONIST; NMR; MOLECULAR MECHANICS ID HUMAN BETA-2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; ADRENERGIC-RECEPTOR; IDENTIFICATION; BINDING; CDNA; GENE AB Synthesized beta1- and beta2-pentapeptide sequences corresponding to published adrenoceptor transmembrane activation site subtypes were investigated in vitro for selectivity in association for drug ligands of known selectivity. Both nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular mechanics demonstrated that structural differences among the corresponding pentapeptide activation-site sequences can explain agonist selectivity. Results suggest the agonists bind across the activation site loop on the second transmembrane alpha-helix by dipole/dipole interactions between a ligand and the peptide. Since electrostatic interactions within the membrane may determine the rate of intercellular ion flux, agonist association across the activation site sequence. could thereby decrease electrostatic resistance to positive ion flux into the cell. Interactions between the peptides and the ligands may provide insight into the structures and mechanisms involved in association of ligands for the identical sequences on the beta-adrenoreceptors. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATE RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,COLL PHARM,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP SCHMIDT, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,NANL,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BLDG 200,RM 203,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0367-8377 J9 INT J PEPT PROT RES JI Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 41 IS 5 BP 467 EP 475 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LC315 UT WOS:A1993LC31500007 PM 8100557 ER PT J AU DONER, LW BECARD, G IRWIN, PL AF DONER, LW BECARD, G IRWIN, PL TI BINDING OF FLAVONOIDS BY POLYVINYLPOLYPYRROLIDONE SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY AB A binding assay was developed with which to monitor the binding capacity of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) for individual flavonoids. The assay was conducted by shaking dilute solutions of flavonoid in suspensions of PVPP in methanol/10 mM citrate buffer (1:3) at pH 6.0. The molar ratio of PVPP/flavonoid was 100:1, based on the molecular weight of the monomer unit of PVPP. Binding was rapid, and it was observed that those compounds which possess the greater number of hydroxy groups generally bind most efficiently. When comparing flavonoids from different classes but with identical hydroxylation patterns, it was noted that flavones bind better than isoflavones, which in tum bind better than flavonones and dihydroflavonols. In light of the favorable stoichiometry and rates of binding, the incorporation of small quantities of PVPP into plant and microbial culture systems will be useful for serving to trap signal flavonoids which plants exude through their roots to communicate with microbes. RP DONER, LW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 12 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 41 IS 5 BP 753 EP 757 DI 10.1021/jf00029a014 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LC605 UT WOS:A1993LC60500014 ER PT J AU SHAW, PE BUSLIG, BS MOSHONAS, MG AF SHAW, PE BUSLIG, BS MOSHONAS, MG TI CLASSIFICATION OF COMMERCIAL ORANGE JUICE TYPES BY PATTERN-RECOGNITION INVOLVING VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS QUANTIFIED BY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Four types of commercial orange juices were compared by use of a multivariate computer pattern recognition program as either fresh squeezed, pasteurized not from concentrate, single-strength juice reconstituted from concentrate, or aseptically packaged single-strength juice from concentrate. Nineteen volatile constituents of each juice were quantified by headspace gas chromatography for these multivariate analyses. Elimination of one to five components considered least important generally led to poorer classification. The mean value and range of values quantified for each component in each juice classification are tabulated. RP SHAW, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,S ATLANTIC AREA,600 AVE S NW,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33881, USA. NR 22 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 41 IS 5 BP 809 EP 813 DI 10.1021/jf00029a025 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LC605 UT WOS:A1993LC60500025 ER PT J AU YANG, G ESPELIE, KE TODD, JW CULBREATH, AK PITTMAN, RN DEMSKI, JW AF YANG, G ESPELIE, KE TODD, JW CULBREATH, AK PITTMAN, RN DEMSKI, JW TI CUTICULAR LIPIDS FROM WILD AND CULTIVATED PEANUTS AND THE RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF THESE PEANUT SPECIES TO FALL ARMYWORM AND THRIPS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LARVAE; WAXES; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE; TOBACCO; STORAGE; PLANTS; MAIZE AB Cuticular lipids were extracted from blooms and foliage of the peanut cultivar Arachis hypogaea L. (Southern Runner) and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major components of the bloom surface lipids were n-alkanes, aldehydes, and fatty acids, while fatty alcohols, fatty acids, and n-alkanes were the major components of the foliage lipids. Cuticular lipids of the foliage from five wild peanut species, A. glandulifera, A. batizocoi, A. ipaensis, A. chacoense, and A. paraguariensis differed in composition. Each wild peanut species was more resistant to fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, than the cultivar was, and each suffered less thrips damage than the cultivar did. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. USDA ARS,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ENTOMOL,TIFTON,GA 31793. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 41 IS 5 BP 814 EP 818 DI 10.1021/jf00029a026 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LC605 UT WOS:A1993LC60500026 ER PT J AU FLATH, RA JANG, EB LIGHT, DM MON, TR CARVALHO, L BINDER, RG JOHN, JO AF FLATH, RA JANG, EB LIGHT, DM MON, TR CARVALHO, L BINDER, RG JOHN, JO TI VOLATILE PHEROMONAL EMISSIONS FROM THE MALE MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY - EFFECTS OF FLY AGE AND TIME OF DAY SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA; SEX-PHEROMONE; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; COMPONENTS AB Pheromonal emissions from ''calling'' male Mediterranean fruit flies (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) were trapped in Tenax-packed traps, using 25-fly groups of laboratory-reared flies in a 5-L glass/Teflon/stainless steel chamber swept with purified air. Three different fly ages were used (5-6, 11-12, and 20-21 days old), and early-, mid-, and late-morning samples were collected from the first two age groups. Thirty-two components were identified; four had not been previously reported [propan-2-ol, hexanal, phenol, and (Z,E)-alpha-farnesene], and three others had been only partially identified in an earlier study [prop-2-yl (E)-3-octenoate, ethyl (E)-2-octenoate, and propyl (E)-3-octenoate]. Quantitatively, ethyl acetate, 1-pyrroline, ethyl (E)-3-octenoate, geranyl acetate, and (E,E)-alpha-farnesene were the most abundant emission components from 5-6- and 11-12-day-old flies. (E)-2-Hexenoic acid was also a major component but was not as readily quantified. Total emissions release appeared to peak in early morning with 5-6-day-old flies. With 11-12-day-old flies, the peak tended to move to mid- to late-morning, and limited semiquantitative data for 20-21-day-old flies suggest a late-morning maximum. C1 USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE LAB,HILO,HI 96720. RP FLATH, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 41 IS 5 BP 830 EP 837 DI 10.1021/jf00029a029 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LC605 UT WOS:A1993LC60500029 ER PT J AU PITT, RE MUCK, RE AF PITT, RE MUCK, RE TI A DIFFUSION-MODEL OF AEROBIC DETERIORATION AT THE EXPOSED FACE OF BUNKER SILOS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL GROWTH; SILAGE; OXYGEN; ENSILAGE; LOSSES; FORAGE C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. RP PITT, RE (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT AGR & BIOL ENGN,RILEY ROBB HALL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-8634 J9 J AGR ENG RES JI J. Agr. Eng. Res. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 55 IS 1 BP 11 EP 26 DI 10.1006/jaer.1993.1029 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA LC952 UT WOS:A1993LC95200002 ER PT J AU KANDEH, MM PARK, YW POND, WG YOUNG, LD AF KANDEH, MM PARK, YW POND, WG YOUNG, LD TI MILK CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATION IN SOWS SELECTED FOR 3 GENERATIONS FOR HIGH OR LOW SERUM-CHOLESTEROL SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; MILK; SELECTIVE BREEDING; PIGS; CORRELATED RESPONSES AB Female crossbred swine (Chester White x Landrace x Large White x Yorkshire) selected for three generations for low (L, n = 24) or high (H, n = 26) serum cholesterol at 8 wk of age were milked at d 20 or 21 of their first lactation to measure cholesterol, fat, lactose, protein, and ash concentrations. A contemporary, unselected control (C) group from the same original population (third lactation, n = 7) was sampled concurrently. All sows were fed a standard gestation, then lactation, diet that contained no cholesterol or added fat (all plant, corn-soybean meal). Genetic selection for low or high serum cholesterol at 8 wk of age induced corresponding changes in milk cholesterol and fat concentration in the third generation of selection, but not in any other milk constituents. Milk cholesterol concentrations (milligrams/100 grams fresh weight) were L, 25.3 +/- 3.0; C, 35.7 +/- 8.0; and H, 41.4 +/- 6.9 (L < C < H, P < .01). Corresponding values for milk fat were 5.7 +/- 1.3, 7.2 +/- .8, and 7.0 +/- .8 mg (L < C = H, P < .01). Serum cholesterol concentrations at 8 wk of age were L, 66.1 +/- 8.1; C, 93.7 +/- 13.7; and H, 126.2 +/- 9,7 mg/dL (P < .01). Milk cholesterol concentration was significantly correlated with serum cholesterol (r = .782, P < .01) and milk fat (r = .36, P < .01). It seems that selecting swine for low or high serum cholesterol at 8 wk of age induced changes in lipid metabolism reflected in differences in milk cholesterol concentrations. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP KANDEH, MM (reprint author), PRAIRIE VIEW A&M UNIV,COOPERAT AGR RES CTR,PRAIRIE VIEW,TX 77446, USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1100 EP 1103 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LB228 UT WOS:A1993LB22800005 PM 8505239 ER PT J AU BROWN, MA THAREL, LM BROWN, AH JACKSON, WG MIESNER, JR AF BROWN, MA THAREL, LM BROWN, AH JACKSON, WG MIESNER, JR TI MILK-PRODUCTION IN BRAHMAN AND ANGUS COWS ON ENDOPHYTE-INFECTED FESCUE AND COMMON BERMUDAGRASS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; MILK PRODUCTION; ANGUS; BRAHMAN; CYNODON-DACTYLON; FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; ENDOPHYTES ID CALF PRODUCTION; BEEF-PRODUCTION; CROSSBRED COWS; HEREFORD; CATTLE; YIELD; PERFORMANCE; WEIGHT; GROWTH; SYSTEM AB Daily milk yield and milk fat were estimated by method of milking machine in 60 Angus and 60 Brahman cows grazing common bermudagrass or endophyte-infected fescue during a 3-yr period. Averaged over monthly estimates, there was evidence (P < .05) of a dam breed x forage interaction in daily milk yield. Tall fescue decreased milk yield more in the Angus (1.64 kg/d, P <.01) than in the Brahman (.53 kg/d, P > .15). There were significant dam breed effects on both percentage of milk fat and daily milk fat yield; Brahman exceeded Angus by .68% (P < .01) and 34.3 g/d (P < .01), respectively. There were significant forage effects for both percentage of milk fat and daily milk fat yield; common bermudagrass exceeded tall fescue by .5% (P < .01) and 62.3 g/d (P < .01), respectively. These data indicate that incorporation of Brahman germplasm into a grazing system that uses endophyte-infected fescue may be beneficial in daily milk yield but will probably not prevent decreases in milk fat production associated with grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT ANIM & POULTRY SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP BROWN, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARM RES CTR,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927, USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1117 EP 1122 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LB228 UT WOS:A1993LB22800008 PM 8505242 ER PT J AU LOUGH, DS SOLOMON, MB RUMSEY, TS KAHL, S SLYTER, LL AF LOUGH, DS SOLOMON, MB RUMSEY, TS KAHL, S SLYTER, LL TI EFFECTS OF HIGH-FORAGE DIETS WITH ADDED PALM OIL ON PERFORMANCE, PLASMA-LIPIDS, AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF RAM AND EWE LAMBS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LAMBS; DIET; SEX; LIPIDS; METABOLIZABLE ENERGY ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE; NET ENERGY; DAIRY-COWS; FAT; METABOLISM; LACTATION; STEERS; MILK AB The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of high-forage diets with and without added dietary palm oil (high in palmitic acid) fed at equalized ME intakes on performance, plasma lipids, and carcass characteristics of growing ram and ewe lambs. Thirty-one Hampshire or Suffolk lambs (35.7 kg BW) were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of the following treatments: 1) rams, no palm oil (R-NPO); 2) ewes, no palm oil (E-NPO); 3) rams, 10.7% dietary palm oil (R-PO); and 4) ewes, 10.7% dietary palm oil (E-PO). Both diets consisted of 77% forage and 23% concentrate. Diet DM contained 15.0% CP and 2.14 Mcal of ME/kg (NPO) or 2.62 Mcal of ME/kg (PO). Lambs were fed individually specified amounts of diet based on BW to equalize ME intake (.20 MCal of ME/kg of BW.75) for both dietary treatments. Lambs were weighed and feed intakes were adjusted weekly. Lambs were bled by jugular venipuncture on d 28, 56, and 84 and were slaughtered after they had been fed the diets for 90 d. Lambs fed PO had greater (P < .01) ADG and efficiency (ADG/ME intake) than lambs fed NPO. Plasma concentrations of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and nonesterified fatty acids were increased (P < .01) by feeding PO. Lambs fed PO were fatter than lambs fed NPO, as evidenced by greater subcutaneous fat thickness and kidney and pelvic fat. Ewes had greater (P < .01) subcutaneous fat than did rams. Because of a significant (P < .03) sex x diet interaction for fat over the longissimus muscle, ewes may have a greater propensity to deposit body fat when fed a diet containing PO than do rams. Lambs fed PO had greater ADG and fatter carcasses than lambs fed NPO at calculated equalized ME intakes, which may suggest that ME values for supplemental fats are underestimated and(or) that ME is utilized more efficiently in fat-supplemented diets. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LOUGH, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PROD QUAL & DEV,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1171 EP 1176 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LB228 UT WOS:A1993LB22800016 PM 8505250 ER PT J AU SPICER, LJ ALPIZAR, E ECHTERNKAMP, SE AF SPICER, LJ ALPIZAR, E ECHTERNKAMP, SE TI EFFECTS OF INSULIN, INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I, AND GONADOTROPINS ON BOVINE GRANULOSA-CELL PROLIFERATION, PROGESTERONE PRODUCTION, ESTRADIOL PRODUCTION, AND (OR) INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I PRODUCTION INVITRO SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE IGF-I; GONADOTROPINS; GRANULOSA CELLS; GRAAFIAN FOLLICLES; PROGESTERONE; CATTLE ID HUMAN SOMATOMEDIN-C; SERUM-FREE MEDIUM; MESSENGER-RNAS; FOLLICULAR-FLUID; OVARIAN-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; TROPHIC ACTIONS; HORMONE ACTION; RAT-LIVER; IGF-I AB The objectives of the present studies were to determine the effect of insulin, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), testosterone, and FSH on proliferation, progesterone production, and(or) estradiol production of bovine granulosa cells. In addition, existence of IGF-I mRNA in granulosa cells and in vitro IGF-I production by granulosa cells were assessed. Cells from small (1 to 5 mm) and large (greater-than-or-equal-to 8 mm) follicles were collected from cattle and cultured for either 3 or 4 d. When cells from small follicles were cultured, insulin (.1 to 10 mug/mL) and IGF-I (100 to 400 ng/mL) increased (P < .05) cell numbers compared with controls. Insulin alone or IGF-I alone increased (P < .05) progesterone production per cell by several fold on d 4. In cells from both sizes of follicles, insulin (1 mug/mL), in the presence of FSH, increased estradiol production per cell. In contrast, IGF-I (100 ng/mL) inhibited estradiol production by cells from small follicles and stimulated estradiol production by cells from large follicles. Insulin-like growth factor II (100 ng/mL) and insulin at higher doses (greater-than-or-equal-to 5 mug/mL) had no effect on estradiol production by cells from small and large follicles. Granulosa cells contained four IGF-I mRNA transcripts and produced IGF-I in vitro. These results support the hypothesis that insulin and IGF-I may have direct local effects on bovine ovarian function, and that these effects are influenced by dose and size of follicle. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP SPICER, LJ (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. NR 50 TC 230 Z9 232 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1232 EP 1241 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LB228 UT WOS:A1993LB22800025 PM 8505257 ER PT J AU STABEL, JR SPEARS, JW BROWN, TT AF STABEL, JR SPEARS, JW BROWN, TT TI EFFECT OF COPPER DEFICIENCY ON TISSUE, BLOOD CHARACTERISTICS, AND IMMUNE FUNCTION OF CALVES CHALLENGED WITH INFECTIOUS BOVINE-RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS AND PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COPPER; BOVINE; TISSUES; IMMUNE RESPONSE ID DIETARY COPPER; MICE; RATS; CATTLE; SELENIUM; NEUTROPHILS; INDUCTION; INVITRO; ALTERS; SHEEP AB Fourteen Holstein steers, averaging 30 d of age, were fed a semipurified diet (1.5 mg of Cu/kg) supplemented with 0 (-Cu) or 10 mg of Cu/kg of diet (+Cu) for 5 mo. Calves were then challenged by consecutive exposure to aerosol preparations of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) and Pasteurella hemolytica on d 0 and 7, respectively, of the 30-d study. Serum ceruloplasmin and plasma copper were higher in +Cu calves throughout the challenge period and increased in +Cu calves after microbial challenge. Heart weights were higher in -Cu calves, although weights of liver, spleen, and thymus were not different between treatments. Copper concentrations in all tissues as well as thymus zinc were higher in +Cu calves. Serum immunoglobulin M tended to be higher in +Cu calves and increased in both treatments after EBRV challenge. Serum IBRV antibody titers were higher in -Cu calves with detectable seroconversion by d 10 postinfection. In contrast, antigen-specific antibodies to P. hemolytica tended to be higher in +Cu calves on d 21. Copper status did not affect blastogenic response, but phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated blastogenesis was higher in both treatments after IBRV challenge. Repletion of lymphocyte cultures with copper chloride increased proliferative responses to PHA in both +Cu and -Cu calves, and greater responses at all levels of copper (1 to 16 mug/mL) were noted in -Cu calves. These results indicate that copper. deficiency affects various physiological characteristics that may be important in immunological defense to pathogenic challenge. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,INTERDEPT NUTR PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL PATHOL & PARASITOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP STABEL, JR (reprint author), USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 57 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1247 EP 1255 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LB228 UT WOS:A1993LB22800027 PM 8389346 ER PT J AU SVEJCAR, TJ JUDKINS, MB BOUTTON, TW AF SVEJCAR, TJ JUDKINS, MB BOUTTON, TW TI LABELING OF FORAGES WITH C-13 FOR NUTRITION AND METABOLISM STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ALFALFA; SHEEP; RUMEN METABOLISM; CARBON DIOXIDE ID CARBON ALLOCATION; MILK; KINETICS; SERUM; COWS AB Alfalfa was labeled in the field with 99 atom % (CO2)-C-13 and cut either the same day (C 1) or 30 d after labeling (C30). The Cl alfalfa contained 84% of the C-13 label in cell contents, whereas C30 alfalfa contained 47% of the C-13 label in cell contents. In two separate trials, Cl and C30 alfalfa were dosed to two or four Suffolk ewes fed natural abundance alfalfa diets. Carbon isotope ratios (C-13/C-12, expressed as deltaC-13[parts per thousand] vs Pee Dee Belemnite standard) were determined for breath, feces, blood, and blood serum from ewes fed Cl alfalfa and blood and feces from ewes fed C30 alfalfa. In the Cl trial, carbon isotope ratios of respired CO2 peaked 4 h after feeding, then declined to baseline levels by 40 h after the dose. Fecal samples increased in C-13 only slightly from 12 to 40 h after the meal. Blood serum values increased by approximately .5 parts per thousand from 0 to 4 h after the dose and remained relatively constant thereafter. In both trials, carbon isotope values from whole blood were constant. In the C30 trial, fecal samples peaked in carbon isotope value approximately 30 to 36 h after dosing, then declined; the time of this peak corresponded closely to that from a concurrent study that used a pulse dose of Yb-labeled alfalfa hay. Thus, when incorporated into cell wall material, the excretion pattern of C-13 in feces was similar to that of Yb-labeled hay, but little C-13 enrichment in feces was found when C-13 was primarily in cell contents of the labeled forage. When the soluble cell contents were enriched in C-13, the marker was detected in respired CO2 soon after feeding, which is consistent with the results of previous marker studies. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using forage labeled with the stable isotope C-13 in nutrition and metabolism studies. Carbon-13, not subject to the regulatory constraints associated with C-14, provides a useful alternative when a carbon tracer is desired. RP SVEJCAR, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN OREGON AGR RES CTR,HC 71451 HWY 205,BURNS 97720,OR 97720, USA. RI Boutton, Thomas/C-5821-2016 OI Boutton, Thomas/0000-0002-7522-5728 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1320 EP 1325 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LB228 UT WOS:A1993LB22800035 PM 8389349 ER PT J AU MOATS, WA AF MOATS, WA TI DETERMINATION OF CEPHAPIRIN AND DESACETYLCEPHAPIRIN IN MILK USING AUTOMATED LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC CLEANUP AND ION-PAIRING LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID RESIDUES AB A simple and sensitive method was developed for determination of cephapirin and its metabolite, desacetylcephapirin, in milk. For extraction/deproteinization, 2 mL 0.2M tetraethylammonium chloride and 28 mL acetonitrile are added to 10 mL milk, and 20 mL clear filtrate (= 5 mL milk) is collected. Filtrate is evaporated to 1-2 mL and made up to 4 mL with water, filtered, and transferred to 4 mL autosampler vials. For cleanup, 2 mL filtrate is loaded onto a Supelcosil LC-18 column in 0.01 M KH2PO4 (A) using a Waters WISP autosampler. The column is eluted with an acetonitrile (B) gradient from 100%A (0-3 min) to 70%A:30%B (24 min). Fractions corresponding to cephapirin and desacetylcephapirin are collected. A 0.02M pH 2.26 buffer of 0.01M decanesulfonate-acetonitrile was used for cephapirin (80 + 20) and 0.02M pH 1.96 buffer of 0.01 M decanesulfonate-acetonitrile was used for desacetylcephapirin (84 + 16) on a Polymer Laboratories PLRP-S column. Recoveries at 0.01-10 ppm were 91-98%; estimated detection limits were near 2 ppb and were comparable to sensitive screening tests. RP MOATS, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 3 BP 535 EP 540 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LD679 UT WOS:A1993LD67900007 PM 8318844 ER PT J AU WHITE, CR MOATS, WA KOTULA, KL AF WHITE, CR MOATS, WA KOTULA, KL TI OPTIMIZATION OF A LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF OXYTETRACYCLINE, TETRACYCLINE, AND CHLORTETRACYCLINE IN MILK SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL-TISSUES; RESIDUES; ANTIBIOTICS; SEPARATION AB A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for the simultaneous identification and quantitation of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and chlortetracycline in milk. Milk samples (5 mL) were deproteinized by adding 1 mL 1N HCl and 24 mL acetonitrile, and filtering. Dichloromethane and hexane were added to 15 mL filtrate to separate the water layer. The organic layer was washed with 1 mL deionized water, and the combined water layers were diluted to 4 mL. Sample aliquots of 1000 muL were then injected directly and analyzed on an LC system. The sensitivity limit of the method is 5 ppb for each antibiotic; no interferences are present at their retention times. Mean recoveries from milk spiked at 0.01-1 ppm ranged from 87 to 99%, and precision was good. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP WHITE, CR (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,DEPT FOOD SCI,NEWARK,DE 19716, USA. NR 18 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 3 BP 549 EP 554 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LD679 UT WOS:A1993LD67900010 PM 8318847 ER PT J AU FIDDLER, W DOERR, RC AF FIDDLER, W DOERR, RC TI GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC CHEMILUMINESCENCE DETECTION (THERMAL-ENERGY ANALYZER NITROGEN MODE) METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF DIBUTYLAMINE IN HAMS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC RUBBER NETTINGS; TRACE DETERMINATION; N-NITROSAMINES; VOLATILE; AMINES; FISH; TEA AB A gas chromatographic (GC) procedure is described for the determination of dibutylamine (DBA) in ham at less than 1 ppm. Sample is extracted with 0.5N HCl, centrifuged, made basic, and then extracted with isopropyl alcohol. Final determination is by GC/thermal energy analysis in the nitrogen mode. Six replicate analyses of ham fortified with 0.5 ppm DBA gave a recovery of 90.2 +/- 3.4%. Over a range of 0.5 to 3.0 ppm DBA, the repeatability was 0.07 ppm, and the coefficient of variation was 6.07%. Limit of detection was 0.1 ppm. Effectiveness of the procedure was demonstrated on selected ham samples. RP FIDDLER, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 3 BP 578 EP 581 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LD679 UT WOS:A1993LD67900015 PM 8318852 ER PT J AU DORNER, JW BLANKENSHIP, PD COLE, RJ AF DORNER, JW BLANKENSHIP, PD COLE, RJ TI PERFORMANCE OF 2 IMMUNOCHEMICAL ASSAYS IN THE ANALYSIS OF PEANUTS FOR AFLATOXIN AT 37 FIELD LABORATORIES SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DERIVATIZATION; BUTTER AB A study was conducted to measure the precision of 2 rapid aflatoxin assay systems in use at 37 peanut buying points during the 1991 harvest season. Aflatoxin laboratories were established at the 37 buying points to analyze peanut samples from all incoming farmers' stock loads as part of a joint project sponsored by various segments of the U.S. peanut industry and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Eighteen laboratories were equipped with Neogen's veratox FSP rapid assay system, whereas 19 laboratories used Vicam's Aflatest rapid assay system. To monitor the performance of the field laboratories during the project, 3 portions of each of six 27 kg samples of ground peanuts were sent to each laboratory for analysis over a period of 6 weeks. Aflatoxin concentrations ranged from 0 to 300 ng/g when eight 200 g subsamples of each sample were analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC). For the 5 samples contaminated with aflatoxin, relative standard deviations for repeatability (RSD(r)) for laboratories using veratox FSP ranged from 18.66 to 53.29%, and the relative standard deviations for reproducibility (RSD(R)) ranged from 22.79 to 59.29%. For laboratories using the Aflatest system, RSD(r) values ranged from 18.70 to 41.48%, and RSD(R) values ranged from 23.84 to 47.56%. Horwitz ratios <2.0 were found for 4 of the 5 contaminated samples for both methods, indicating that the overall precision of the 2 methods used in the project was good. Mean aflatoxin concentrations, as determined with the rapid assay systems, were generally lower than those determined by LC, particularly for more highly contaminated samples. This could not be attributed to instability of aflatoxin in peanut paste, because additional information gathered in the study indicated that the stability of aflatoxin in peanut paste stored for 58 days was good. RP DORNER, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL PEANUT RES LAB,1011 FORRESTER DR SE,DAWSON,GA 31742, USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 3 BP 637 EP 643 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LD679 UT WOS:A1993LD67900025 PM 8318858 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, EM ANGYAL, GN WEAVER, CM FELKNER, IC WOLF, WR WORTHY, BE AF ANDERSON, EM ANGYAL, GN WEAVER, CM FELKNER, IC WOLF, WR WORTHY, BE TI POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF LASER MICROBE BIOASSAY TECHNOLOGY FOR DETERMINING WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS IN FOODS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB A microbiological technique was developed for quantitating niacin by determining microbial growth rates in response to the amount of vitamin available. Unlike the current official AOAC method, the new procedure for niacin measured the growth rates during the early exponential growth phase rather than during the stationary phase. Lactobacillus plantarum was used to determine niacin to a lower limit of 1 00 pg/mL. The assay time was approximately 6 h, compared with 16-24 h for the current AOAC method. The extent of microbial growth was determined by differential light scattering of a LASER beam. Multiple photodetectors were integrated with a computer system to collect and analyze the data. The use of differential light scattering to determine 8 water-soluble vitamins under stationary phase conditions demonstrated the potential application of the new technology for microorganisms and foods. C1 SRA TECHNOL,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22302. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ANDERSON, EM (reprint author), USDA,DIV NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 3 BP 682 EP 690 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LD679 UT WOS:A1993LD67900032 PM 8318864 ER PT J AU PARKS, OW AF PARKS, OW TI DEPLETION OF THE MONOAMINO METABOLITES OF ZOALENE DURING FROZEN STORAGE SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Note ID SULFAMETHAZINE METABOLITES; SWINE; IDENTIFICATION; TISSUES AB 3-Amino-5-nitro-o-toluamide and 5-amino-3-nitro-o-toluamide, the principal metabolites in the tissues of chickens fed a diet containing Zoalene (3,5-dinitro-o-toluamide), were shown to deplete in frozen liver tissues stored up to 1 year at -20-degrees-C, but not at -70-degrees-C. A slight loss of 5-amino-3-nitro-o-toluamide also occurred in thigh muscle at -20-degrees-C. Evidence is presented that demonstrates that the depletion of the metabolites was partially the result of their transformation to glucopyranosyl derivatives; both the alpha- and beta-anomers of the 5-amino-3-nitro-o-toluamide conjugate were observed in liquid chromatograms of tissue extracts. RP PARKS, OW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 3 BP 698 EP 701 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LD679 UT WOS:A1993LD67900035 PM 8318867 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, GL DAVIS, JM KARL, TR MCNAB, AL TARPLEY, JD BLOOMFIELD, P AF JOHNSON, GL DAVIS, JM KARL, TR MCNAB, AL TARPLEY, JD BLOOMFIELD, P TI THE USE OF POLAR-ORBITING SATELLITE SOUNDING DATA TO ESTIMATE RURAL MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; TIROS-N; TRENDS AB Atmospheric sounding products from NOAA's polar-orbiting satellites were used to derive and test predictive equations of rural shelter-level maximum and minimum temperatures. Sounding data from both winter and summer months were combined with surface data from over 5300 cooperative weather stations in the continental United States to develop multiple linear regression equations. Separate equations were developed for both maximum and minimum temperature, using the three types of sounding retrievals (clear, partly cloudy, and cloudy). Clear retrieval models outperformed others, and maximum temperatures were more accurately predicted than minimums. Average standard deviations of observed rural shelter temperatures within sounding search areas were of similar magnitude to root-mean-square errors from satellite estimates for most clear and partly cloudy cases, but were significantly less for cloudy retrieval cases. Model validation for surrogate polar and tropical climatic regions showed success in application of the four clear retrieval models (maximum and minimum temperature, for both winter and summer). This indicates the potential adaptability of these models to estimates of rural shelter temperature in areas outside of the United States. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, NCDC, ASHEVILLE, NC USA. NOAA, NESDIS, SATELLITE RES LAB, CAMP SPRINGS, MD USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT STAT, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. RP USDA ARS, N W WATERSHED RES CTR, 800 PK BLVD, PLAZA 4, SUITE 105, BOISE, ID 83712 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 32 IS 5 BP 857 EP 870 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0857:TUOPOS>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LB224 UT WOS:A1993LB22400005 ER PT J AU BRUTSAERT, W HSU, AY SCHMUGGE, TJ AF BRUTSAERT, W HSU, AY SCHMUGGE, TJ TI PARAMETERIZATION OF SURFACE HEAT FLUXES ABOVE FOREST WITH SATELLITE THERMAL SENSING AND BOUNDARY-LAYER SOUNDINGS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS; HAPEX-MOBILHY; LAND-SURFACES; EVAPORATION; PROFILES; CHANNELS AB Satellite-derived surface temperature measurements can be used in conjunction with temperature and wind soundings in the boundary layer to determine the surface sensible heat flux from forests at the regional scale. The underlying formulation is derived on the basis of similarity principles applied to the unstable turbulent boundary layer in which the scalar roughness for sensible heat is determined by calibration. This is illustrated herein with data acquired during the HAPEX-MOBILHY (Hydrologic Atmospheric Pilot Experiment-Modelisation du Bilan Hydrique), which was conducted in the spring and summer of 1986 over a 100-km X 100-km square in southwestern France. The northwest, third of the area is covered by the Landes forest. The surface temperatures for a 25-km x 25-km area in this forested region were determined from the NOAA-9 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) channels 4 and 5. Atmospheric corrections were applied with LOWTRAN-7 and measured atmospheric profiles, as well as with split-window techniques. The atmospheric profiles were obtained by interpolation of data from radiosondes launched from a clearing in the forest. The calculated fluxes were compared with those measured above the forest at the Institute of Hydrology (Wallingford, England) tower, some 4.5 km from the radiosonde launch site. The comparisons were favorable for 6 clear days but not for a day with partial cloud cover. The sensitivity of the results shows that the accuracy of the surface temperature measurements should be better than 0.5 K. The effect of the spatial scale of the surface temperature measurement on the scalar roughness is also considered. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GSFC,HYDROL SCI BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BRUTSAERT, W (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,SCH CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,HOLLISTER HALL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 23 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 32 IS 5 BP 909 EP 917 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0909:POSHFA>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LB224 UT WOS:A1993LB22400009 ER PT J AU STANTON, TB JENSEN, NS AF STANTON, TB JENSEN, NS TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NADH OXIDASE FROM SERPULINA-(TREPONEMA)-HYODYSENTERIAE SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-FAECALIS 10C1; TREPONEMA-HYODYSENTERIAE; SWINE-DYSENTERY; OXYGEN; GROWTH; PEROXIDASE; METABOLISM; SEQUENCE; ACID; LEUCONOSTOC AB NADH oxidase (EC 1.6.99.3) was purified from cell lysates of Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae B204 by differential ultracentrifugation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and chromatography on anion-exchange, dye-ligand-affinity, and size-exclusion columns. Purified NADH oxidase had a specific activity 119-fold higher than that of cell lysates and migrated as a single band during denaturing gel electrophoresis (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [SDS-PAGE]). The enzyme was a monomeric protein with an estimated molecular mass of 47 to 48 kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE and size-exclusion chromatography. Optimum enzyme activity occurred in buffers with a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. In the presence of oxygen, beta-NADH but not alpha-NADH, alpha-NADPH, or beta-NADPH was rapidly oxidized by the enzyme (K(m) = 10 muM beta-NADH; V(max) = 110 mumol beta-NADH min-1 mg of protein-1). Oxygen was the only identified electron acceptor for the enzyme. On isoelectric focusing gels, the enzyme separated into three subforms, with isoelectric pH values of 5.25, 5.35, and 5.45. Purified NADH oxidase had a typical flavoprotein absorption spectrum, with peak absorbances at wavelengths of 274, 376, and 448 nm. Flavin adenine dinucleotide was identified as a cofactor and was noncovalently associated with the enzyme at a molar ratio of 1:1. Assays of the enzyme after various chemical treatments indicated that a flavin cofactor and a sulfhydryl group(s), but not a metal cofactor, were essential for activity. Hydrogen peroxide and superoxide were not yielded in significant amounts by the S. hyodysenteriae NADH oxidase, indirect evidence that the enzyme produces water from reduction of oxygen with NADH. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the NADH oxidase was determined to be MKVIVIGCNHAGTWAAK. In its biochemical properties, the NADH oxidase of S. hyodysenteriae resembles the NADH oxidase of another intestinal bacterium, Enterococcus faecalis. RP STANTON, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 46 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 175 IS 10 BP 2980 EP 2987 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LB792 UT WOS:A1993LB79200024 PM 8491717 ER PT J AU KUBICZEK, RP HUEBNER, FR BIETZ, JA AF KUBICZEK, RP HUEBNER, FR BIETZ, JA TI REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF SECALINS - APPLICATION TO RYE CULTIVAR IDENTIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STORAGE PROTEINS SECALINS; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMOSOMAL CONTROL; BARLEY CULTIVARS; RICE CULTIVARS; DURUM-WHEAT; SEPARATION; GLIADINS; QUALITY; GENES C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES FOOD PHYS CHEM RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP KUBICZEK, RP (reprint author), POLISH ACAD SCI,BOT GARDEN,WARSAW 42,POLAND. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1006/jcrs.1993.1019 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA LG067 UT WOS:A1993LG06700001 ER PT J AU POMONIS, JG HAMMACK, L HAKK, H AF POMONIS, JG HAMMACK, L HAKK, H TI IDENTIFICATION OF COMPOUNDS IN AN HPLC FRACTION FROM FEMALE EXTRACTS THAT ELICIT MATING RESPONSES IN MALE SCREWWORM FLIES, COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SCREWWORM; COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX; DIPTERA; CALLIPHORIDAE; CONTACT MATING STIMULANT; SEX PHEROMONE; INSECT LIPID; NONACOSANYL-1-ACETATE; METHYLNONACOSANYL ACETATE; TRIACONTANONE; METHYLTRIACONTANONE; TRIACONTANAL; METHYL-BRANCHED SECONDARY ACETATE; METHYL-BRANCHED KETONE; ALDEHYDE; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY ID INSECT HYDROCARBONS; CENTRAL AMERICA; MASS-SPECTRA; FLY; DIMETHYLALKANES; CALLIPHORIDAE; ERADICATION; DIPTERA; LIBYA; NORTH AB When hexane extracts of mature screwworm females were chromatographed on a silica gel column, mating stimulant activity was concentrated in a fraction that eluted with hexane-ether (94:6, v/v). Separation of this fraction with HPLC (acetonitrile-acetone; 60:40, isocratic) resulted in a chromatogram of some 20 peaks. Only peaks 4-11 elicited mating responses. Peaks 5-10 had most of the activity, with peak 8 producing the highest response. Sixteen compounds were characterized from peak 8 by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: six unbranched secondary acetates (C31H62O2); seven previously unreported methyl-branched secondary acetates (C32H64O2); one unbranched ketone (C31H62O); and one methyl-branched ketone (C32H64O). The isomeric acetates were not completely resolved from each other by capillary gas chromatography (CGC) on methyl silicone columns. The sixteenth compound was an aldehyde (C30H60O) that was present only in occasional peak 8 preparations. These compounds and several derivatives were characterized by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CGC-MS). The position of the acetate group was ascertained by conversion to a keto group or by replacement of the acetate with a methyl group. Pheromone activity was not observed in peaks trapped either from CGC or by recombination of the trapped CGC peaks from HPLC peak 8. This apparent loss of activity from CGC peaks or from TLC cannot currently be explained. RP POMONIS, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT PHYSIOL & BIOCHEM BIOSCI RES LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 19 IS 5 BP 985 EP 1008 DI 10.1007/BF00992533 PG 24 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LB385 UT WOS:A1993LB38500008 PM 24249079 ER PT J AU HELLER, SR AF HELLER, SR TI CHEMICAL INFORMATION ACTIVITIES - WHAT THE FUTURE HOLDS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FORMAT AB The current state of chemical information technology in a number of areas is presented. The author speculates on a number of areas in some detail and presents a list of predictions as to the likely state of the field in about the year 2000. The economies of chemical information are also briefly discussed. The author concludes that until the computer is made to be an easily used tool, not a barrier, reasonable, let alone optimum usage, will not result. RP HELLER, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0095-2338 J9 J CHEM INF COMP SCI JI J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.1021/ci00013a001 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA LE407 UT WOS:A1993LE40700001 ER PT J AU SALIKI, JT LIBEAU, G HOUSE, JA MEBUS, CA DUBOVI, EJ AF SALIKI, JT LIBEAU, G HOUSE, JA MEBUS, CA DUBOVI, EJ TI MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-BASED BLOCKING ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY FOR SPECIFIC DETECTION AND TITRATION OF PESTE-DES-PETITS-RUMINANTS VIRUS-ANTIBODY IN CAPRINE AND OVINE SERA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RINDERPEST VIRUS; GOATS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIAGNOSIS; ELISA; SHEEP AB A blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (B-ELISA), using two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), was established and compared with the virus neutralization test (VNT) for detecting specific peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) antibody in caprine and ovine sera. This technique was developed because VNT, the only available specific serological test for PPRV and the cross-reactive rinderpest virus (RPV), is time-consuming and unaffordable for most laboratories in regions where both peste des petits ruminants and rinderpest occur. The test depends on the blocking of the binding of the MAb to a specific epitope in the presence of positive serum. Test conditions were optimized by using peste-des-petits-ruminants and rinderpest sera that were known to be VNT positive and negative. A blocking format, in which serum is preincubated with a solid-phase PPRV antigen and then incubated with the MAb, yielded levels of sensitivity and specificity superior to those of a competitive format, in which the two reagents are added simultaneously. A threshold value of 45% inhibition, representing the mean for a negative population (n = 277) plus 2.7 standard deviations, was adopted for routine screening. A total of 605 serum samples were screened by B-ELISA and the VNT. The sensitivity and specificity of B-ELISA relative to the VNT were 90.4 and 98.9%, respectively. Of 264 field serum samples tested, 11 (4.2%) could not be assayed by the VNT because of contamination or cytotoxicity; the overall agreement quotient between results of the two tests (n = 253) was 0.91. A high correlation (r greater-than-or-equal-to 0.98) was observed between B-ELISA and the VNT for endpoint titration of sera (n = 57). Because B-ELISA proved to be nearly as sensitive and specific as the VNT while being simpler and more rapid, it would be an adequate substitute for the VNT for assessing herd immune status and for epidemiologic surveillance. C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,NATL VET SERV LAB,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGN LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. CTR COOPERAT INT RECH AGRON DEV,INST ELEVAGE MED VET PAYS TROP,SERV PATHOL,F-94704 MAISONS ALFORT,FRANCE. CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE COLL VET MED,DIAGNOST LAB,ITHACA,NY 14851. NR 28 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1075 EP 1082 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KY463 UT WOS:A1993KY46300009 PM 8501207 ER PT J AU GUIDRY, AJ BERNING, LM HAMBLETON, CN AF GUIDRY, AJ BERNING, LM HAMBLETON, CN TI OPSONIZATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS BY BOVINE IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE IMMUNOGLOBULIN; OPSONIZATION; ISOTYPE ID POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; PHAGOCYTOSIS; NEUTROPHILS; IGG2; MACROPHAGES; MASTITIS; ANTIBODY; MILK; IGM AB The ability of specific bovine Ig isotypes to enhance phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by polymorphonuclear neutrophils was studied. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils were isolated from the blood of 14 lactating Holstein cows. Antibodies against S. aureus M10 were produced by two Holstein cows immunized via intramuscular injections and injections in the area of the supramammary lymph node with M10 emulsified in dextran sulfate. The IgG1, IgG2, and IgM were prepared from immune sera. Fluorescein-labeled, formalin-killed S. aureus M10 were opsonized with the respective isotypes prior to incubation with polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils phagocytosing averaged 37.4, 1.1, 15.9, and 9.4% for immune sera, IgG1, IgG2, and IgM, using a M10: polymorphonuclear neutrophils ratio of 10: 1; and 77.1, 1.8, 32. 1, and 57.9 using a 40:1 ratio. When IgG, was incubated with either IgG2 or IgM, phagocytosis was reduced to 10.0 and 5.0%, respectively, using the 10:1 ratio and 24.2 and 44.7%, respectively, using the 40:1 ratio. Significant variation occurred among cows in the ability of polymorphonuclear neutrophils to undergo phagocytosis independent of isotype and S. aureus M10: polymorphonuclear neutrophil ratio. These data show that IgG2 and IgM are opsonic for bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils and that IgG1 inhibits the activity of both. These results will be helpful to determine immunization protocols to solicit synthesis of bovine IgM and IgG2 specific for S. aureus. RP GUIDRY, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1285 EP 1289 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA LA600 UT WOS:A1993LA60000008 PM 8505420 ER PT J AU POWELL, RL WIGGANS, GR NORMAN, HD AF POWELL, RL WIGGANS, GR NORMAN, HD TI UTILIZATION OF GENETICALLY ELITE HOLSTEIN COWS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GENETICS; SERVICE SIRE; ELITE COW ID DAIRY-CATTLE; BULLS AB Merit of service sires for Holstein cows designated as genetically elite for yield in January 1990 was calculated to determine the contribution of these cows to genetic progress. Service sires were determined from sires of registered female progeny because male progeny were selectively registered. Primary data were 1295 elite cows (top 1%) that had a daughter produced from a mating in the 6 mo following the January 1990 evaluation and 209 service sires for those elite cows. Seven percent of the elite cows were mated to bulls that not only lacked an evaluation but also had generally low pedigree promise. The average economic index of evaluated service sires based on their genetic evaluations for milk, fat, and protein yields was at percentile 91 (ranking based on active AI bulls). Five percent of these bulls were below percentile 50. Although 71% of the bulls were at or above percentile 90, only 13% were at or above percentile 95, which was only slightly greater than the 12% for service sires of all registered cows. The lack of emphasis on yield traits was partially explained by a low or missing final score for type for the elite cow, which may have made her unacceptable as a bull-dam. The number of service sires and the modest service sire merit suggest that elite Holstein cows are underutilized. However, dependence on elite designation for selection of bull-dams is decreasing, as evidenced by the many young cows without evaluations that were mated to produce sons for sampling. RP POWELL, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ANIM IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1412 EP 1420 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA LA600 UT WOS:A1993LA60000022 ER PT J AU GOFF, WL JESSUP, DA WALDRUP, KA THOMFORD, JW CONRAD, PA BOYCE, WM GORHAM, JR WAGNER, GG AF GOFF, WL JESSUP, DA WALDRUP, KA THOMFORD, JW CONRAD, PA BOYCE, WM GORHAM, JR WAGNER, GG TI THE ISOLATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A BABESIA SP FROM DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP (OVIS-CANADENSIS-NELSONI) SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BABESIA-CAPREOLI; BABESIA-ODOCOILEI ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; BOVINE AB A novel Babesia parasite of desert bighorn sheep was isolated. Its taxonomic description, host range, pathogenicity and antigenic relatedness were investigated. The parasite was infective for black-tailed and white-tailed deer, but with host-specific differences compared to that of bighorn sheep. A splenectomized calf and domestic sheep were refractory to infection. A comparative immunofluorescence assay detected antigens cross-reactive with Babesia odocoilei, B. divergens, B. equi and B. cahalli, but not with B. bovis or B. bigemina. Babesia odocoilei was also infective for bighorn sheep, allowing comparison by a cross-challenge experiment, the results of which supported the conclusion that this parasite was not B. odocoilei. However, the bighorn sheep Babesia cannot currently be distinguished from B. capreoli described from roe deer in northern Germany. Data indicate that, while this parasite may not present a problem for domestic animals, it may cause disease in bighorn sheep and deer populations. C1 CALIF DEPT FISH & GAME,WILDLIFE INVEST LAB,RANCHO CORDOVA,CA 95670. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP GOFF, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 40 IS 3 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1993.tb04909.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LE432 UT WOS:A1993LE43200002 PM 8508161 ER PT J AU RUFTY, TW ISRAEL, DW VOLK, RJ QIU, JS SA, TM AF RUFTY, TW ISRAEL, DW VOLK, RJ QIU, JS SA, TM TI PHOSPHATE REGULATION OF NITRATE ASSIMILATION IN SOYBEAN SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE PHOSPHORUS STRESS; NITRATE UPTAKE; NITRATE TRANSLOCATION; ARGININE ID ARGININE-BIOSYNTHESIS; PHOSPHORUS-NUTRITION; TOTAL NITROGEN; PLANT-TISSUES; BARLEY PLANTS; N-15 ANALYSIS; AMINO-ACIDS; ROOTS; TRANSPORT; XYLEM AB It is known that phosphorus deficiency results in alterations in the assimilation of nitrogen. An experiment was conducted to investigate mechanisms involved in altered (NO3-)-N-15 uptake, endogenous N-15 translocation, and amino acid accumulation in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill, cv. Ransom) plants deprived of an external phosphorus supply for 20 d in solution culture. Phosphorus deprivation led to decreased rates of (NO3-)-N-15 uptake and increased accumulation of absorbed N-15 in the root. Both effects became more pronounced with time. Asparagine, the primary transport amino acid in soybean, accumulated in large excess in roots and stems. In roots of phosphorus-deprived plants, concentrations of ATP and inorganic phosphate declined rapidly, but dry weight accumulation was similar to or above that of the control even after 20 d of treatment. Arginine accumulation in leaves was greatly enhanced, even though N-15 partitioning into the insoluble reduced-N fraction of leaves was unaffected. The results suggest that decreases in NO3- uptake in low phosphorus plants could be caused by feedback control factors and by limited ATP availability. The decline in endogenous N transport from the root to the shoot may be associated with changes in membrane properties, which also result in parallel effects on hydraulic conductance and the upward flow of water through the plant. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,PLANT PHYSIOL PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT PHYSIOL PROGRAM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP RUFTY, TW (reprint author), USDA,ARS,BOX 1168,OXFORD,NC 27565, USA. NR 60 TC 84 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 44 IS 262 BP 879 EP 891 DI 10.1093/jxb/44.5.879 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD454 UT WOS:A1993LD45400005 ER PT J AU WALLS, I COOKE, PH BENEDICT, RC BUCHANAN, RL AF WALLS, I COOKE, PH BENEDICT, RC BUCHANAN, RL TI SAUSAGE CASINGS AS A MODEL FOR ATTACHMENT OF SALMONELLA TO MEAT SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL SUSPENSIONS; POULTRY TISSUES; SKIN; SURFACES; CONTAMINATION; IMMERSION; ADHESION; BEEF AB Artificial sausage casings were used as a model for studying bacterial attachment to meat connective tissue. Sausage casings of known mass were exposed to suspensions of Salmonella typhimurium in 0.15 M NaCI under various time, temperature, and inoculum level regimes, then washed to remove unattached bacteria. Attached bacterial cells were enumerated using both plate counts and scanning electron microscopy. Bacterial cells attached to sausage casing surfaces within 1 min of incubation. Numbers of attached cells increased with increasing temperature and inoculum levels and with time. Rates of attachment of S. typhimurium to sausage casings were comparable with those reported for attachment to meat surfaces. Sausage casings appear to be a convenient model for examining mechanisms of bacterial attachment to meats. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 56 IS 5 BP 390 EP 394 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA LD470 UT WOS:A1993LD47000003 ER PT J AU SMITH, JL AF SMITH, JL TI CRYPTOSPORIDIUM AND GIARDIA AS AGENTS OF FOODBORNE DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Review ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HUMAN-MILK; LAMBLIA CYSTS; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN STOOL; ENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICA; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY AB Infections by the protozoan parasites of the genera Cryptosporidium and Giardia can be asymptomatic or cause gastroenteritis in immunocompetent people. However, in immunocompromised individuals, the infections can be more severe and even fife threatening. Both parasites are common waterborne pathogens, but on occasion they may be foodborne or transmitted by body contact. In this review, several aspects of Cryptosporidium and Giardia are discussed including their life cycles, resistance to physical and chemical agents, routes of transmission to humans, the nature of the disease caused by the parasites, and detection of the organisms in water, feces, and food. Documented incidents in which Cryptosporidium or Giardia contaminated foods were implicated as cause of gastroenteritis are discussed to illustrate conditions leading to foodborne outbreaks and to suggest means of prevention and control of the parasites when present in foods. RP SMITH, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 138 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 56 IS 5 BP 451 EP 461 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA LD470 UT WOS:A1993LD47000018 ER PT J AU BUCHANAN, RL SMITH, JL MCCOLGAN, C MARMER, BS GOLDEN, M DELL, B AF BUCHANAN, RL SMITH, JL MCCOLGAN, C MARMER, BS GOLDEN, M DELL, B TI RESPONSE-SURFACE MODELS FOR THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE, PH, SODIUM-CHLORIDE, AND SODIUM-NITRITE ON THE AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC GROWTH OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS 196E SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID CONCENTRATION WATER ACTIVITY; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; ATMOSPHERE; XYLOSUS AB The effects and interactions of temperature (12-45C), initial pH (4.5-9.0), NaCl (0.5-165%), and sodium nitrite (1-200 mug/ml) on the aerobic and anaerobic growth of Staphylococcus aureus 196E were studied using 50 ml portions of Brain Heart Infusion Broth in 250ml unsealed and sealed trypsinizing flasks, respectively. The flasks were inoculated to a level of approximately 10(3) cfu/ml, incubated on a rotary shaker, sampled periodically, and enumerated on Tryptic Soy Agar. Growth curves were generated by fitting the data to the Gompertz function using nonlinear regression analysis. The general growth characteristics of S. aureus in response to the five environmental variables were similar to those observed by other investigators including (1) enhanced growth in the presence of oxygen, (3) ability to grow at high sodium chloride concentrations, and (3) dependence of the bacteriostatic activity of sodium nitrite on pH and oxygen availability. Supplemental studies indicated that growth kinetics were independent of inoculum size, which allowed the Gompertz A term to be treated as a constant. However, the maximum population density (MPD) achieved by the cultures was dependent on the independent variables, requiring that it be modeled in addition to the Gompertz B and M terms. The MPD was then used to calculate the Gompertz C term. Quadratic and cubic response surface models were generated using various data transformations. Quadratic models using and LN-transformation provided reasonable predictions of the effects of the four variables on the growth kinetics of S. aureus, and should prove useful for providing initial estimates of the behavior of S. aureus in foods. RP BUCHANAN, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 19 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 6 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 13 IS 3 BP 159 EP 175 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1993.tb00103.x PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA LR450 UT WOS:A1993LR45000001 ER PT J AU SMITH, JL PALUMBO, SA WALLS, I AF SMITH, JL PALUMBO, SA WALLS, I TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOODBORNE BACTERIAL PATHOGENS AND THE REACTIVE ARTHRITIDES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Review ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE NITROGENASE; YERSINIA-ASSOCIATED ARTHRITIS; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; SYNOVIAL-FLUID CELLS; ANKYLOSING-SPONDYLITIS; REITERS-SYNDROME; MOLECULAR MIMICRY; STRESS PROTEINS; LYMPHOCYTE-TRANSFORMATION AB Certain individuals suffer complications after diarrheic episodes caused by Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, or Yersinia. One of these complications may be a sterile arthritis such as reactive arthritis, Reiter's syndrome and anklylosing spondylitis. Reactive arthritis and Reiter's syndrome have been shown to have a bacterial etiology; however, such etiology, while suspected, has not been definitely confirmed for ankylosing spondylitis. These arthritides show a strong familial assocation and here, reactive arthritis, Reiter's syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis are characterized and the relationship of the diseases to the major histocompatility complex antigen, HLA-B27, is described. Studies have indicated that there may be molecular mimicry between certain microbial antigens and HLA-B27. Molecular mimicry is discussed in terms of its possible explanation of the etiology of the reactive arthritides. The roles of antibodies, lymphocytes, bacterial antigens, and stress proteins in the symptomology of the arthritides are reviewed. RP SMITH, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 126 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 13 IS 3 BP 209 EP 236 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1993.tb00107.x PG 28 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA LR450 UT WOS:A1993LR45000005 ER PT J AU OLDS, SJ VANDERSLICE, JT BROCHETTI, D AF OLDS, SJ VANDERSLICE, JT BROCHETTI, D TI VITAMIN-B(6) IN RAW AND FRIED CHICKEN BY HPLC SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-B(6); CHICKEN; HPLC; VITAMIN-POLYMERS ID FOODS; B-6 AB An isocratic anion exchange, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to analyze for five of the six vitamers of B-6. Recoveries of the B6 vitamers in a standard were 100% to 97%. Recoveries in fried chicken breast ranged from 96% for pyridoxal phosphate to 102% for pyridoxine (PN). Recoveries in raw chicken breast ranged from 86% for pyridoxamine to 102% for PN. Processing chicken by frying reduced the total vitamer by 6.5%. Vitamers of B-6 were relatively stable to frying. C1 HOECST CELANESE,SUNETTE DIV,SOMERSET,NJ. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP OLDS, SJ (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT NUTR & FOOD SCI,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 58 IS 3 BP 505 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb04311.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA LK582 UT WOS:A1993LK58200016 ER PT J AU YAMAUCHI, N WATADA, AE AF YAMAUCHI, N WATADA, AE TI PIGMENT CHANGES IN PARSLEY LEAVES DURING STORAGE IN CONTROLLED OR ETHYLENE CONTAINING ATMOSPHERE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PARSLEY; COLOR; CHLOROPHYLL; CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE; STORAGE ID CHLOROPHYLL DEGRADATION AB Pigments were monitored in parsley leaves stored in air, air + 10 ppm C2H4, or 10% O2 + 10% CO2 controlled atmosphere (CA). Chlorophylls a and b, as determined with HPLC, decreased sharply in leaves held in air or air + 10 ppm C2H4. The decrease was less in leaves held in 10% O2 and 10% CO2 CA. The oxidized product of chlorophyll a, 10-hydroxychlorophyll a, did not accumulate and chlorophyllide accumulated minimally. Xanthophylls decreased but new pigments, suspected to be esterified xanthophylls, formed with yellowing of leaves. Neither the pathway of Chl degradation or xanthophyll products were altered by C2H4 or CA. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 16 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 58 IS 3 BP 616 EP & DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb04339.x PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA LK582 UT WOS:A1993LK58200044 ER PT J AU HOAGLAND, PD KONJA, G FISHMAN, ML AF HOAGLAND, PD KONJA, G FISHMAN, ML TI COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF DISAGGREGATION OF PECTIN DURING PLATE MODULE ULTRAFILTRATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CITRUS; PECTIN; ULTRAFILTRATION; VISCOSITY; AGGREGATION ID GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; POLYSACCHARIDES; VISCOSITY; GYRATION AB Concentration of commercial lime and citrus was carried out by plate module ultrafiltration with a 300K cut-off membrane with small changes in intrinsic viscosity and 48 and 55% recoveries. Subsequent ultrafiltration of permeates with a 100K cut-off membrane yielded pectins from retentates with lower viscosities and recoveries of 34 and 39%. Component analysis was applied to concentration and viscosity response curves from high performance size exclusion chromatography. Results suggested viscosity loss was due to passage through the membrane of small pectin molecules and/or aggregates released from breakdown of larger pectin aggregates during 300K ultrafiltration. Concentration of pectin with minimum loss of viscosity requires ultrafiltration which insures retention of small pectin aggregates. Improved component analysis was developed for characterizing solution behavior of pectin during processing. C1 UNIV ZAGREB,ZAGREB,CROATIA. RP HOAGLAND, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19118, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 58 IS 3 BP 680 EP 687 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb04355.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA LK582 UT WOS:A1993LK58200060 ER PT J AU TOLIVER, J AF TOLIVER, J TI WHAT ARE WETLANDS - A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP TOLIVER, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST MANAGEMENT RES,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 91 IS 5 BP 12 EP 14 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KZ721 UT WOS:A1993KZ72100017 ER PT J AU BARTUSKA, AM AF BARTUSKA, AM TI USDA-FOREST-SERVICE WETLANDS RESEARCH SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article RP BARTUSKA, AM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 91 IS 5 BP 25 EP 28 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KZ721 UT WOS:A1993KZ72100020 ER PT J AU CUBBAGE, FW FLATHER, CH AF CUBBAGE, FW FLATHER, CH TI FORESTED WETLAND AREA AND DISTRIBUTION - A DETAILED LOOK AT THE SOUTH SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO. RP CUBBAGE, FW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC, USA. RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 91 IS 5 BP 35 EP 40 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KZ721 UT WOS:A1993KZ72100022 ER PT J AU KESSLER, WB AF KESSLER, WB TI CHANGE, THE ESSENCE OF LIFE SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material RP KESSLER, WB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 91 IS 5 BP 68 EP 68 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA KZ721 UT WOS:A1993KZ72100025 ER PT J AU SMITH, PT KING, AD GOODMAN, N AF SMITH, PT KING, AD GOODMAN, N TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF UREASE FROM ASPERGILLUS-NIGER SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID UREASE; ANABAENA-DOLIOLUM; CITRIC-ACID; PURIFICATION; NIDULANS; WINES AB Urease was purified (4126-fold) from Aspergillus niger (NRRL 003) to a homologous enzyme preparation with a specific activity of 1341 mumol min-1 (mg protein) -1. One species of urease was detected in A. niger, with K(m) = 3.0 mm, native molecular mass 250000 Da, pH optimum of 8.0 and a high specificity for urea. Hydroxyurea was a strong competitive inhibitor of urease activity, while N-methylurea acted as a weak uncompetitive inhibitor, based on Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie-Hoftstee plots. The activity of urease was enhanced by, but not dependent on, the presence of Na2EDTA, DL-dithiothreitol (less-than-or-equal-to 0.1 to 5-0 mm), Ca2+, Ba2+ and citrate (2 to 20 mm). Urease activity was not affected by Na+, K+, Cl-, Br-, acetate or nitrate (2 to 20 mm), but was significantly decreased in the presence of Li+, Ni2+, Mg2+, Zn2+ or I-. Urease activity decreased 26.0 % after 30 min at 65-degrees-C, and 86.5 % and 100.0 % after 5 and 1 min at 80 and 1 00-degrees-C, respectively. Urease activity decreased 30.5 % after 90 d at 4-degrees-C and 21.0 % after 28 d at - 20 or - 80-degrees-C. C1 USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,PROC BIOTECHNOL RES UNIT,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1287 J9 J GEN MICROBIOL JI J. Gen. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 139 BP 957 EP 962 PN 5 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LD452 UT WOS:A1993LD45200008 PM 8336111 ER PT J AU HANNA, W DUJARDIN, M OZIASAKINS, P LUBBERS, E ARTHUR, L AF HANNA, W DUJARDIN, M OZIASAKINS, P LUBBERS, E ARTHUR, L TI REPRODUCTION, CYTOLOGY, AND FERTILITY OF PEARL-MILLET X PENNISETUM-SQUAMULATUM BC4 PLANTS SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note RP HANNA, W (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COSTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,USDA ARS,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 84 IS 3 BP 213 EP 216 PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA LG879 UT WOS:A1993LG87900012 ER PT J AU SHUKLE, RH STUART, JJ AF SHUKLE, RH STUART, JJ TI A NOVEL MORPHOLOGICAL MUTATION IN THE HESSIAN FLY, MAYETIOLA-DESTRUCTOR SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note ID DIPTERA-CECIDOMYIIDAE; X-CHROMOSOME; CYTOGENETICS; GENETICS; GENES RP SHUKLE, RH (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,USDA ARS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 84 IS 3 BP 229 EP 232 PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA LG879 UT WOS:A1993LG87900018 ER PT J AU GUNN, SJ HILBURN, LR BURBACH, BS AF GUNN, SJ HILBURN, LR BURBACH, BS TI HOMOLOGY WITHIN THE X-CHROMOSOMES OF BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS (CANESTRINI) AND B-ANNULATUS (SAY) SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Note ID ACARINA-IXODIDAE; HYBRID STERILITY; TICKS ACARI; MALES C1 USDA ARS,KNIPLING BUSHLAND US LIVESTOCK INSECTS LAB,KERRVILLE,TX. RP GUNN, SJ (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,PAN AMER,DEPT BIOL,1201 W UNIV,EDINBURG,TX 78539, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [5-506-GM8038-21] NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 84 IS 3 BP 232 EP 235 PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA LG879 UT WOS:A1993LG87900019 PM 8228176 ER PT J AU SHEEHAN, W WACKERS, FL LEWIS, WJ AF SHEEHAN, W WACKERS, FL LEWIS, WJ TI DISCRIMINATION OF PREVIOUSLY SEARCHED, HOST-FREE SITES BY MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE PARASITOID; FRASS; SITE DISCRIMINATION; FORAGING; OLFACTORY; VISUAL; MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES; HELICOVERPA-ZEA AB The ability of free-ranging parasitoids to discriminate between previously visited and unvisited sites containing host kairomone (caterpillar frass) but not hosts was tested. Females of Microplitis croceipes, a host specialist and plant generalist larval parasitoid of Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea, were allowed to fly freely in a simulated plant patch in a flight chamber. Wasps spent less time searching frass sites previously searched by themselves or by conspecifics than unsearched frass sites. In addition to chemical marking, spatial memory of visual cues was implicated as a mechanism for discriminating against self-visited, host-free sites. RP SHEEHAN, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 6 IS 3 BP 323 EP 331 DI 10.1007/BF01048113 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA LH148 UT WOS:A1993LH14800005 ER PT J AU MAYER, MS AF MAYER, MS TI RESPONSES OF 3 ANTENNAL SPECIALIST NEURONS OF MALE TRICHOPLUSIA-NI (HUBNER) TO SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENTS AT AND ABOVE NATURALLY EMITTED LEVELS SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CABBAGE LOOPER; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; ANTENNA; SINGLE CELL RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR; DISCRIMINATION ID OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS; NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; SPECIFICITY; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; MOTH; BLEND; CELLS; SUPPRESSION; SENSILLA AB Three types of sensilla on the antenna of Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) each house an olfactory receptor neuron that responds predominantly to only one component of the virgin female volatile effluvium. The HS(a) neuron responds to Z7-12:Ac at concentrations above 1 x 10(-15) M; the LS(b) neuron to Z7-14:Ac concentrations above 1 x 10(-15) M; the NS(a) neuron to Z9-14:Ac concentrations above 1 x 10(-18) M. The sensitivity and selectivity of each of these neurons to all of the other compounds in the volatile female effluvium was investigated at various concentrations. At concentrations that correspond with those found downwind of a virgin ''calling'' female each of these neurons was highly selective for only one compound. Each responded to all of the other compounds at concentrations that exceeded the normal emission level of the female. The pheromone receptor neurons of the cabbage looper are, therefore, concentration-tuned specialists. Assays of various mixtures and the volatile emission of an excised female sex pheromone gland show that the response of the HS(a) specialist neuron reflects only the concentration of Z7-12:Ac, supporting a hypothesis that there is no mixture interaction with the other compounds within the female effluvium. RP USDA ARS, INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BAS BIOL RES LAB, GAINESVILLE, FL 32604 USA. NR 51 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 EI 1879-1611 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 39 IS 5 BP 401 EP 412 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(93)90028-P PG 12 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA LD058 UT WOS:A1993LD05800006 ER PT J AU UNDEEN, AH JOHNSON, MA BECNEL, JJ AF UNDEEN, AH JOHNSON, MA BECNEL, JJ TI THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE SURVIVAL OF EDHAZARDIA-AEDIS (MICROSPORA, AMBLYOSPORIDAE), A PATHOGEN OF AEDES-AEGYPTI SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GERMINATION, MICROSPORIDIAN SPORES; MICROSPORA, SPORE LONGEVITY; STIMULUS, SPORE GERMINATION; EDHAZARDIA-AEDIS; AMBLYOSPORIDAE; TEMPERATURE, EFFECT ON SPORES; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, MICROSPORIDIA; MOSQUITO, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF; AEDES-AEGYPTI, MICROSPORIDIA IN; MICROSPORA SPORE, COLD SENSITIVITY OF ID GERMINATION; SPORES; RADIATION RP UNDEEN, AH (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. OI Rotstein, Margaret/0000-0002-5055-8278 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 61 IS 3 BP 303 EP 307 DI 10.1006/jipa.1993.1055 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LB684 UT WOS:A1993LB68400012 ER PT J AU HELLGREN, EC ROGERS, LL SEAL, US AF HELLGREN, EC ROGERS, LL SEAL, US TI SERUM CHEMISTRY AND HEMATOLOGY OF BLACK BEARS - PHYSIOLOGICAL INDEXES OF HABITAT QUALITY OR SEASONAL PATTERNS SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE URSUS-AMERICANUS; BLACK BEAR; DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION; HABITAT; HEMATOLOGY; SERUM CHEMISTRY ID FEMALE COLLARED PECCARIES; WHITE-TAILED DEER; NUTRITIONAL INDEXES; HIBERNATION; METABOLISM; INDICATORS; RESPONSES AB We evaluated the use of serum chemistry and hematological variables as indices of habitat quality for adult (greater-than-or-equal-to 4 yr) female black bears (Ursus americanus) in northeastern Minnesota. Blood samples (n = 182) collected from 48 adult females during 1970-1976 showed seasonal variation (P < 0.05) for four of five hematologic characters and seven of 13 serum chemistries. Body mass, red-blood-cell count, mean corpuscular-volume, serum-urea nitrogen, uric acid, thyroxine, and cortisol were different (P < 0.05) among years of differing food availability. Discriminant functions developed from samples from late summer, autumn, and early hibernation provided 75-80% accuracy in classifying observations into year classes of good and poor food production. Our results suggested that blood characteristics can be indicators of nutritional condition and habitat quality after seasonal rhythms are controlled. We recommend use of blood-profile data to empirically test the utility of our discriminant functions. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. US VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,RES SERV,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55417. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP HELLGREN, EC (reprint author), TEXAS A&I UNIV,CAESAR KLEBERG WILDLIFE RES INST,CAMPUS BOX 218,KINGSVILLE,TX 78363, USA. OI Hellgren, Eric/0000-0002-3870-472X NR 45 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 74 IS 2 BP 304 EP 315 DI 10.2307/1382385 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LD676 UT WOS:A1993LD67600006 ER PT J AU BOISVERT, WA MENDOZA, I CASTANEDA, C DEPORTOCARRERO, L SOLOMONS, NW GERSHOFF, SN RUSSELL, RM AF BOISVERT, WA MENDOZA, I CASTANEDA, C DEPORTOCARRERO, L SOLOMONS, NW GERSHOFF, SN RUSSELL, RM TI RIBOFLAVIN REQUIREMENT OF HEALTHY ELDERLY HUMANS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO MACRONUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF THE DIET SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE RIBOFLAVIN; GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE; URINARY EXCRETION; ELDERLY HUMANS; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT ID GLUTATHIONE AB The riboflavin requirements of two groups Of riboflavin-deficient, but otherwise healthy, Guatemalan elderly persons over the age of 60 y were studied by varying the fat:carbohydrate ratio in two diets. The first group consumed a diet similar in macronutrient content to a Western-type diet with low carbohydrate and high fat; the second group consumed a typical Guatemalan diet with high carbohydrate and low fat. Energy and protein intakes of both groups were similar. Riboflavin status was monitored by weekly measurements of erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGRAC) and urinary riboflavin excretion. Increasing increments of riboflavin were added to the subjects' diets until their status was normalized, as indicated by EGRAC of <1.34 and a sharp increase in urinary riboflavin excretion. Using the EGRAC method, the mean value of riboflavin intake at which the subjects' EGRAC reached the limit of normality was 1.37 +/- 0.03 mg/d in the first phase and 1.29 +/- 0.03 mg/d in the second phase. The sharp increase in urinary excretion occurred at riboflavin intakes of 1.13 and 1.03 mg/d for Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Thus, the differences between the two groups suggest that diets with a lower fat: carbohydrate ratio can decrease the dietary need for riboflavin. The dietary requirement of riboflavin, as estimated by the more reliable urinary excretion method, was 1.1-1.3 mg/d for those consuming the Western-type diet, which is similar to values found over 40 y ago in young adults. We conclude that the dietary requirements of riboflavin in the elderly do not differ from those of young adults. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. HOSP OJOS & OIDOS,CTR STUDIES SENSORY IMPAIRMENT AGING & METAB,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,MEDFORD,MA 02155. NR 41 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 123 IS 5 BP 915 EP 925 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LB236 UT WOS:A1993LB23600018 PM 8487103 ER PT J AU DAVIS, TA FIOROTTO, ML REEDS, PJ AF DAVIS, TA FIOROTTO, ML REEDS, PJ TI AMINO-ACID COMPOSITIONS OF BODY AND MILK PROTEIN CHANGE DURING THE SUCKLING PERIOD IN RATS SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE AMINO ACIDS; MILK; PROTEIN; WHOLE BODY; FOOD INTAKE; RATS ID GROWTH; REQUIREMENTS; PIGS; TURNOVER; INFANTS; MUSCLE; ENERGY; LEVEL AB The amino acid concentrations of rat body protein and rat milk protein were measured at 1, 6, 10 and 16 d of age to determine whether the concentration of each amino acid in proportion to the concentration of total recovered amino acids (amino acid composition) in the body changes during early growth and development and whether parallel changes occur in the amino acid composition of milk. The ratio of essential to nonessential amino acids in bodies decreased 10% during the suckling period (P < 0.05). The ratio of essential to nonessential amino acids in milk proteins decreased by 6% (P < 0.05). With the exception of threonine, the body to milk ratio for each essential amino acid seemed similar to that for the other essential amino acids, implying that most essential amino acids are equally limiting for the synthesis of body protein in exclusively milk-fed pups. Measurements of milk intake and milk composition were used to determine amino acid intakes and hence the efficiency with which milk amino acids were used for body protein deposition. The efficiency of essential amino acid utilization was 75% between 1 and 6 d, 86% between 6 and 10 d, and 62% between 10 and 16 d of age. Although the overall efficiency of nonessential amino acid utilization showed a similar pattern, the results suggested the need for a high degree of glycine and arginine synthesis. RP DAVIS, TA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 39 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 123 IS 5 BP 947 EP 956 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LB236 UT WOS:A1993LB23600022 PM 8487106 ER PT J AU HOWE, JC RUMPLER, WV SEALE, JL AF HOWE, JC RUMPLER, WV SEALE, JL TI ENERGY-EXPENDITURE BY INDIRECT CALORIMETRY IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN - VARIATION WITHIN ONE MENSTRUAL-CYCLE SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ENERGY EXPENDITURE; ESTROGEN; PROGESTERONE ID FOOD-INTAKE AB Energy expenditure in relation to the menstrual cycle was determined by indirect calorimetry in premenopausal women. For each subject, three measurements were made within a single menstrual cycle. Energy expenditure measurements coincided with the subject's expected hormonal fluxes of estradiol and progesterone: menstrual phase-both hormones at basal levels; follicular phase-elevated estradiol, and luteal phase-elevated progesterone. In experiment 1, resting energy expenditure of 14 women was determined for 1 hour using a canopy system for calorimetry; in experiment 2, 24-hour energy expenditures of 12 subjects were measured in a room-size calorimeter. Blood from fasted (12 hours) subjects was collected following measurements of energy expenditure and analyzed for serum estradiol-17B and progesterone by radioimmunoassay. In experiment 1, resting energy expenditure did not differ within one menstrual cycle; neither estradiol nor progesterone affected resting energy expenditure. In experiment 2, 24-hour energy expenditure was significantly lower (P < 0.013) during the follicular phase when compared with the menstrual (- 3.8%) and luteal (- 4.9%) phases. Lowered 24-hour energy expenditure during the follicular phase may in part be due to a decrease in spontaneous activity and exercise. Energy expenditure during sleep, an indicator of metabolic energy expenditure, was significantly greater (P < 0.0001) during the luteal phase than during the menstrual (+ 6.7%) and follicular (+ 5.4%) phases; this was a reflection of increased progesterone (P < 0.0001). Twenty-four hour energy expenditure (mean +/- SEM) during the menstrual, follicular, and luteal phases was 8.86 +/- 0.26, 8.52 +/- 0.22, and 8.96 +/- 0.21 MJ/d, respectively. Corresponding values for energy expenditure during sleep were 5.49 +/- 0.09, 5.56 +/- 0. 10, and 5.86 +/- 0. 11 MJ/d. The menstrual cycle is a significant contributor to variation in energy expenditure through progesterone-mediated increases in metabolic rate. Variation in metabolic energy expenditure was detectable when the contributory components of 24-hour energy expenditure were measured. RP HOWE, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,ENERGY & PROT NUTR LAB,ROOM 213,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 4 IS 5 BP 268 EP 273 DI 10.1016/0955-2863(93)90096-F PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA LA131 UT WOS:A1993LA13100003 ER PT J AU ESKINS, K ALEXANDER, N AF ESKINS, K ALEXANDER, N TI BLUE AND RED-LIGHT IRRADIANCE SWITCHING OF NUCLEAR-ENCODED AND CHLOROPLAST-ENCODED GENE-EXPRESSION IN ARABIDOPSIS AND SORGHUM SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLUE-LIGHT RECEPTOR; CHLOROPLAST; GENE EXPRESSION; IRRADIANCE; LIGHT QUALITY; PHYTOCHROME ID HARVESTING COMPLEX; MESSENGER-RNA; FLUENCE-RATE; QUALITY; PHOTOSYSTEM; PIGMENTS; PROTEINS; CELLS AB We have previously shown in maize chloroplasts an interaction between light quality and irradiance levels in control of the expression of genes associated with photosystem II, LHCP2 and psbA. Blue light decreased LHCP2 and increased psbA mRNA expression compared with red light of equal irradiance. Differences were irradiance related. Our present work examines irradiance and quality light regulation of LHCP2, psbA, rbcS, PEPCO and PPDK gene expression in two different species, Arabidopsis (C3) and Sorghum (C4) at different stages of development and shows that the blue light suppression of LHCP2 and enhancement of psbA gene expression also operates at 50 and 130 mumol m-1 s-1 total irradiance. It also shows that light quality effects on LHCP2 gene expression are dependent on the stage of development but those on psbA are not. Sequential light quality experiments indicate that chloroplast gene expression is plastic and responsive to the immediate environment. Switching effects of blue in red light during development in light mixtures with a constant irradiance (50 mumol m-1 s-1) are blue light irradiance regulated. RP ESKINS, K (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 1011-1344 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO B JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. B-Biol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 18 IS 2-3 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1016/1011-1344(93)80072-H PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA LD618 UT WOS:A1993LD61800021 ER PT J AU LITTMAN, AB FAVA, M HALPERIN, P LAMONFAVA, S DREWS, FR OLESHANSKY, MA BIELENDA, CC MACLAUGHLIN, RA AF LITTMAN, AB FAVA, M HALPERIN, P LAMONFAVA, S DREWS, FR OLESHANSKY, MA BIELENDA, CC MACLAUGHLIN, RA TI PHYSIOLOGICAL BENEFITS OF A STRESS REDUCTION PROGRAM FOR HEALTHY MIDDLE-AGED ARMY OFFICERS SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; A BEHAVIOR PATTERN; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PLASMA-LIPIDS; FOLLOW-UP; MEN; RISK AB Stress reduction programs (SRPs) can reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), This study evaluated the effect of an SRP on metabolic and hormonal risk factors for CAD. Twenty army officers participating in an SRP, Group I, and a comparison group of seventeen SRP nonparticipants, Group C, volunteered to undergo measurement of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), cortisol, DHEA-S/cortisol ratio, testosterone, apolipoprotein-A1, apolipoprotein-B, triglycerides, cholesterol, fibrinogen, and leukocyte count both before and after the SRP period. No differences in the changes in biochemical risk factors for CAD were found between participant and nonparticipant except for DHEA-S. While Group C had a marked reduction in DHEA-S levels, Group I had a small increase. Previous studies indicate DHEA-S is inversely associated with extent of CAD and age-adjusted DHEA-S levels below 3.78 mumol/l confer an increased risk for CAD mortality. SRP participation appears to effect DHEA-S levels, possibly partially accounting for the benefits observed in SRPs among CAD patients. C1 TUFTS UNIV, USDA, HUMAN NUTR CTR AGING, LIPID METAB LAB, MEDFORD, MA 02155 USA. USA, WAR COLL, CARLISLE, PA 17013 USA. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP, ENDOCRINE STEROID LAB, BOSTON, MA 02114 USA. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES, WASHINGTON, DC 20307 USA. RP LITTMAN, AB (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP, CTR CARDIOVASC HLTH, BEHAV MED CLIN, DEPT PSYCHIAT, DIV BEHAV MED, BOSTON, MA 02114 USA. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3999 EI 1879-1360 J9 J PSYCHOSOM RES JI J. Psychosomat. Res. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 37 IS 4 BP 345 EP 354 DI 10.1016/0022-3999(93)90136-4 PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA LB664 UT WOS:A1993LB66400004 PM 8510060 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, DA ASAY, KH AF JOHNSON, DA ASAY, KH TI SELECTION FOR IMPROVED DROUGHT RESPONSE IN COOL-SEASON GRASSES SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; GENETIC VARIATION; HERITABILITY; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; PLANT BREEDING; PLANT IMPROVEMENT; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; WATER LOSS; WATER UPTAKE; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS; BICOLOR L MOENCH; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; GRAIN-YIELD; LOLIUM-PERENNE; RANGE GRASSES; GAS-EXCHANGE AB Water limits the establishment, growth, and production of cool-season grasses on semiarid rangelands, and plant improvement programs for these areas must be capable of screening breeding lines for response to drought. Although many techniques to evaluate various morphological and physiological characteristics have been proposed, few have been used successfully in plant breeding programs. Consequently, a need exists to identify and develop rapid, reliable screening techniques that can assess integrated plant response to drought in large plant populations. Improved seedling emergence has been achieved in Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fischer) Nevski] by selecting for emergence from a deep seeding depth and long coleoptiles. Water uptake by roots is critical, and screening for enhanced seedling root growth in cool-season grasses offers considerable promise. In spite of the important role that stomatal control has in regulating plant water loss, limited success has been achieved in incorporating desirable stomatal characteristics into improved grass cultivars. Although osmotic adjustment appears beneficial in some crop species, more research is needed before cool-season grasses should be selected based on osmotic adjustment. Selection for improved water-use efficiency in cool-season grasses based on carbon isotope discrimination is a promising approach. Successful incorporation of these various traits into improved cool-season grass cultivars necessitates close cooperation between breeders and physiologists. RP JOHNSON, DA (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 138 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 46 IS 3 BP 194 EP 202 DI 10.2307/4002606 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LB229 UT WOS:A1993LB22900001 ER PT J AU HARDEGREE, SP EMMERICH, WE AF HARDEGREE, SP EMMERICH, WE TI GERMINATION RESPONSE OF HAND-THRESHED LEHMANN LOVEGRASS SEEDS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ERAGROSTIS-LEHMANNIANA NEES; REDUCED WATER POTENTIAL; MECHANICAL SCARIFICATION; AFTER-RIPENING AB Germination of Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees) was increased by seed after-ripening and by mechanical scarification of the seed coat. Hand-threshed seeds collected from 5 sites in southern Arizona were periodically germinated over the water potential range of 0 to -1.55 MPa for 88 weeks after harvest. Nonscarified seeds exhibited very low germination at all water potentials for the entire length of the study. Total percent germination of scarified seeds peaked after 34 weeks. Seeds scarified before the after-ripening requirement was met germinated without further scarification at 46 weeks after harvest. Measurements of water uptake rates indicate that seed coat permeability to water contributes little to the increased germinability of scarified seeds. C1 USDA,TUCSON,AZ 85719. RP HARDEGREE, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS,800 PK BLVD,PLAZA 4,SUITE 105,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 46 IS 3 BP 203 EP 207 DI 10.2307/4002607 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LB229 UT WOS:A1993LB22900002 ER PT J AU FREDRICKSON, EL GALYEAN, ML BRANINE, ME SOWELL, B WALLACE, JD AF FREDRICKSON, EL GALYEAN, ML BRANINE, ME SOWELL, B WALLACE, JD TI INFLUENCE OF RUMINALLY DISPENSED MONENSIN AND FORAGE MATURITY ON INTAKE AND DIGESTION SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BEEF CATTLE; DIGESTION; RANGELAND; FORAGE QUALITY ID WINTER-WHEAT PASTURE; BLUE GRAMA RANGELAND; DELIVERY DEVICE; STEERS; CATTLE; KINETICS; FERMENTATION; SUPPLEMENTATION; PERFORMANCE; FIBER AB Eight ruminally cannulated crossbred steers (average weight 336 kg) grazing native blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis [H.B.K.]) range-land were used in a repeated measures design to evaluate effects of monensin ruminal delivery devices (MRDD) and forage phenology on ruminal digestion. Three periods were assessed: mid-August (Aug.), early October (Oct.), and mid-November (Nov.). One MRDD was placed in the reticulum of 4 steers via the ruminal cannula 21 days before each period. Intake was estimated using total fecal collections. Diet samples were collected using 3 esophageally fistulated steers. Ruminal fill was measured by ruminal evacuation; rate and extent of in situ ruminal neutral detergent fiber disappearance were estimated before ruminal evacuations. Ruminal passage rates, retention time, and apparent total tract organic matter digestibility were estimated using indigestible neutral detergent fiber. In vitro organic matter disappearance of esophageal masticate did not differ (P>.05) in Aug. and Oct. (average of 53.7%), but declined (P<.05) in Nov. (48.7%), whereas organic matter digestibility was greater (P<.10) in Aug. (62.3%) than in either Oct. (55.2%) or Nov. (53.9%). Release of monensin from the bolus (68 mg day-1) was less than expected (100 mg day-1). Intake, organic matter digestibility, ruminal passage rates, retention time, pH, and ammonia were not affected (P>.10) by MRDD. In situ neutral detergent fiber disappearance at 96 hours was decreased (P<.10) by MRDD (68 vs 65% for control and MRDD, respectively). As the grazing season progressed, intake declined (P<.10), whereas ruminal fill and retention time increased (P<.05), and passage rate of indigestible neutral detergent fiber decreased (P<.05). At 48 hours in situ neutral detergent fiber was greatest (P<.05) in Aug. and least (P<.05) in Nov. C1 SMITHKLINE BEECHAM,BEEF CATTLE CLIN DEV PROJECT,W CHESTER,PA. USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. CLAYTON LIVESTOCK RES CTR,CLAYTON,NM 88415. RP FREDRICKSON, EL (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 46 IS 3 BP 214 EP 220 DI 10.2307/4002609 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LB229 UT WOS:A1993LB22900004 ER PT J AU NIELSON, DC ASAY, KH JONES, TA AF NIELSON, DC ASAY, KH JONES, TA TI BLUEGRASS BILLBUG FEEDING RESPONSE TO PERENNIAL TRITICEAE GRASSES SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ACREMONIUM ENDOPHYTE; CURCULIONIDAE; RANGELAND INSECTS; SPHENOPHORUS-PARVULUS ID SPHENOPHORUS-PARVULUS COLEOPTERA; NEW-JERSEY TURFGRASSES; CURCULIONIDAE; RESISTANCE; RYEGRASS AB In a 4-year field study, 25 perennial triticeae grasses, representing a wide range of genomes and genome combinations, were evaluated as potential hosts for the bluegrass billbug (Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal [Coleoptera: Curculionidae]). Root-sample data suggested that Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea [Fischer] Nevski) was unsuitable for billbug reproduction. Numbers of immatures varied significantly among remaining entries. Rhizomatous entries were more tolerant of billbug injury than caespitose entries. Plant mortality rates were frequently 50% or higher for self-pollinated caespitose entries with the SH genome complement (Elymus spp.). Losses to billbugs among the remaining species, particularly those with the J, N, and P genomes, were insigificant. Billbugs did not discriminate between native and introduced grasses, as resistant and susceptible entries were identified in both groups. The results obtained here may aid in selecting triticeae grasses for reseeding in areas where billbugs have damaged stands in the past. RP NIELSON, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 46 IS 3 BP 237 EP 240 DI 10.2307/4002613 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LB229 UT WOS:A1993LB22900008 ER PT J AU HOFMANN, L RIES, RE KARN, JF FRANK, AB AF HOFMANN, L RIES, RE KARN, JF FRANK, AB TI COMPARISON OF SEEDED AND NATIVE PASTURES GRAZED FROM MID-MAY THROUGH SEPTEMBER SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CRESTED WHEATGRASS; SMOOTH BROMEGRASS; WESTERN WHEATGRASS; LEVEL NATIVE; HILLY NATIVE; LIVEWEIGHT GAIN; STANDING CROP; SEASON-LONG GRAZING AB Cool-season introduced grass species are not recommended for season-long grazing in the northern Great Plains. They mature earlier than native species, which leads to an earlier loss in forage quality and palatability. A study conducted at Mandan, N.D., compared liveweight gains of yearling steers grazing crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult.], smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and western wheatgrass [(Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Love] and level native prairie (Class II and III land) and hilly native prairie pastures (Class IV and VI land), seasonlong. A set stocking rate of 1.5 AUM ha-1 was used from mid-May through late September in 1988, 1989, and 1990. Caged standing crop was higher from the seeded pastures than from the native pastures but liveweight steer gain was highest from the level native. Three-year average gains were 124, 114, 108, 106, and 105 kg per steer for level native, smooth bromegrass, western wheatgrass, hilly native, and crested wheatgrass pastures, respectively. The seeded cool-season grass pastures, grazed season-long at a rate 25% higher than that recommended by the SCS for native range, produced acceptable liveweight steer gains without additional inputs. Season-long grazing may provide an alternative use for marginal cropland and other highly erodible land that has been reseeded to cool-season species. RP HOFMANN, L (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 459,MANDAN,ND, USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 46 IS 3 BP 251 EP 254 DI 10.2307/4002616 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LB229 UT WOS:A1993LB22900011 ER PT J AU WHISENANT, SG BOUSE, LF CRANE, RA BOVEY, RW AF WHISENANT, SG BOUSE, LF CRANE, RA BOVEY, RW TI DROPLET SIZE AND SPRAY VOLUME EFFECTS ON HONEY MESQUITE MORTALITY WITH CLOPYRALID SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE HERBICIDES; DROPLET SIZE; SPRAY-MIXTURE APPLICATION RATE; SPRAY VOLUME; PROSOPIS-GLANDULOSA ID PHYTOTOXICITY; HERBICIDES AB The effects of droplet size and spray volume (spray-mixture application rate) on honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.) mortality were evaluated using 0.55 to 0.58 kg ae (acid equivalent) ha-1 clopyralid (3,6 dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid). A factorial combination of 3 spray volumes (19, 37, and 75 liters ha-1) and droplet sizes of 325 +/- 25, 475 +/- 25, and 625 +/- 25 mum nominal D(v.5) (volume median diameter) were replicated 3 times at both Andrews and Big Lake, Tex., during June 1989. The experiment was repeated in 1990 at Big Lake and Campbellton, Tex., without the 75 liters ha-1 spray volume. Honey mesquite mortality and canopy reduction 16 months after application were significantly less on the 625 mum droplet treatments in 2 of 4 experiments, when compared to plots treated with smaller droplet sizes. Mortality increased with larger spray volumes, particularly with 625 mum droplets. Relative mortality data from the 4 experiments clearly demonstrated that larger droplet sizes require larger spray volumes for greatest efficacy. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,USDA ARS,DEPT AGR ENGN,SO CROPS RES LAB,AERIAL APPLICAT RES UNIT,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP WHISENANT, SG (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT RANGELAND ECOL & MANAGEMENT,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 46 IS 3 BP 257 EP 261 DI 10.2307/4002618 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LB229 UT WOS:A1993LB22900013 ER PT J AU CHRISTENSON, LK SHORT, RE FARLEY, DB FORD, SP AF CHRISTENSON, LK SHORT, RE FARLEY, DB FORD, SP TI EFFECTS OF INGESTION OF PINE NEEDLES (PINUS-PONDEROSA) BY LATE-PREGNANT BEEF-COWS ON POTENTIAL SENSITIVE CA2+ CHANNEL ACTIVITY OF CARUNCULAR ARTERIES SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-FLOW; UTERINE; ABORTION; XYLAZINE; CATTLE AB Cows were fed either a control (n = 6) or pine needle (n = 12) diet beginning on day 249 of pregnancy. On day 3 and day 5 of feeding, control-fed and pine needle-fed cows were slaughtered and placentomes were collected for in vitro perfusion of the caruncular artery. Potential sensitive Ca2+ channel (PSC) activity as well as the responsiveness to phenylephrine (alpha1-adrenergic agonist) and adrenaline (alpha1- and alpha2-adrenergic agonist) were determined. Selected gravid uterine tissues (endometrium and myometrium, as well as caruncular and cotyledonary tissues) and associated arteries (caruncular, intercaruncular and umbilical) were isolated, minced and portions either extracted immediately for measurement of PSC or frozen at -90-degrees-C until assayed for peroxidase activity or number of alpha2-adrenergic receptors and affinities or for both. In vitro perfused placentomes from day 5 pine needle-fed cows had greater (P < 0.05) PSC activity, as measured by the increase in perfusion pressure in response to a depolarizing dose of KCl, than day 3 pine needle-fed or control-fed cows (10.3 +/- 2.5 versus 6.1 +/- 1.2, and 4.3 +/- 0.7 kPa, respectively). Furthermore, day 5 pine needle-fed cows also exhibited greater (P < 0.05) contractile responses to adrenaline than day 3 pine needle-fed or control-fed cows. Contractile responses to phenylephrine were similar (P > 0.1) for all three treatment groups. The observed increase in PSC activity and responsiveness to adrenaline, however, was not reflected by increasing numbers or affinities of PSC or alpha2-adrenergic receptors on caruncular arteries. Peroxidase activity (pg mg-1 tissue) was higher (P < 0.05) in caruncular tissue of pine needle-fed cows (299 +/- 39) than in control-fed (186 +/- 40) cows. The observed increase in peroxidase activity in caruncular tissue of pine needle-fed cows may function to increase local catechol oestrogen synthesis, in an attempt to inhibit the vasoconstrictor effects of the substance(s) in pine needles. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301. UNIV IOWA,DEPT OBSTET GYNECOL,IOWA CITY,IA 52240. RI Christenson, Lane/G-6435-2013 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU J REPROD FERTIL INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND CB5 8DT SN 0022-4251 J9 J REPROD FERTIL JI J. Reprod. Fertil. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 98 IS 1 BP 301 EP 306 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA LH234 UT WOS:A1993LH23400040 PM 8393931 ER PT J AU MCMURTREY, JE CHAPPELLE, EW DAUGHTRY, CST KIM, MS AF MCMURTREY, JE CHAPPELLE, EW DAUGHTRY, CST KIM, MS TI FLUORESCENCE AND REFLECTANCE OF CROP RESIDUE AND SOIL SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; GREEN PLANTS; BLUE FLUORESCENCE; COVER; SPECTROSCOPY AB An assessment of fluorescence and reflectance sensing technology for detecting crop residues from soils was conducted under laboratory conditions. Residue samples from five crop species (corn, cotton, peanut, soybean, and wheat) and four soils with different color and albedo were tested. The studies were conducted under wet and dry conditions. Residues bad consistently higher fluorescence emission in a band from 415-550 nm than did soils. Reflectance of the same materials indicated that certain residues can be distinguished from certain soils. Many crop residues were significantly higher or lower in reflectance than several soils. Other residues and soils could not be readily distinguished from each other on the basis of a single reflectance band. Nevertheless, discrimination of many crop residues from soil by reflectance could be possible by calibrating the threshold of discrimination for each soil and crop residue combination. A vegetation index, calculated from integrations of red and near infrared reflectance wavelengths, simulating the bands used on the current Landsat remote sensing satellite was also effective in distinguishing differences between many residue/soil combinations. Reflectance data simulating TM3 (630-690 nm) and TM4 (760-900 nm) Landsat satellite bands are reported. other bands could be amenable to reflectance detection as well. These initial studies suggest that fluorescence and reflectance sensing techniques for determining crop residue coverage are feasible and should be developed further. C1 NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. RP MCMURTREY, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 EI 1941-3300 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 48 IS 3 BP 207 EP 213 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA LB837 UT WOS:A1993LB83700007 ER PT J AU VELLIDIS, G LOWRANCE, R SMITH, MC HUBBARD, RK AF VELLIDIS, G LOWRANCE, R SMITH, MC HUBBARD, RK TI METHODS TO ASSESS THE WATER-QUALITY IMPACT OF A RESTORED RIPARIAN WETLAND SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID FILTER STRIPS; NUTRIENT; POLLUTION AB The feasibility and effectiveness of restoring a riparian wetland and using it as a bioremediation site for nutrients moving downslope from an animal waste application site is being evaluated. In question is the short-term effectiveness of the restored wetland in enhancing the quality of the water leaving the site. The wetland was restored by reintroducing a combination of native trees that will be harvested for pulpwood or timber wood. Native grasses and forbs were allowed to reestablish themselves among the trees. An intensive monitoring program using a network of shallow groundwater monitoring wells and automated surface runoff collectors was established to measure nutrient movement through the wetland in shallow groundwater and surface runoff. Soil samples are collected for nutrient analysis and denitrification measurements. Details of wetland restoration, instrumentation, and sampling strategies are presented. C1 USDA ARS,SE WATER-SHED RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793. UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP VELLIDIS, G (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL AGR,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 48 IS 3 BP 223 EP 230 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA LB837 UT WOS:A1993LB83700010 ER PT J AU LANGENBERG, WG AF LANGENBERG, WG TI STRUCTURAL PROTEINS OF 3 VIRUSES IN THE POTYVIRIDAE ADHERE ONLY TO THEIR HOMOLOGOUS CYLINDRICAL INCLUSIONS IN MIXED INFECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW MOSAIC-VIRUS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TO-CELL SPREAD; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; 2 POTYVIRUSES; RNA; PLASMODESMATA; WHEAT; ASSOCIATION; TRANSPORT C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP LANGENBERG, WG (reprint author), USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 110 IS 3 BP 188 EP 195 DI 10.1006/jsbi.1993.1021 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA LU069 UT WOS:A1993LU06900003 PM 8373700 ER PT J AU CLEVELAND, LE ESCOBAR, AJ LUTZ, SM WELSH, SO AF CLEVELAND, LE ESCOBAR, AJ LUTZ, SM WELSH, SO TI METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EXISTING FOOD-INTAKE PATTERNS AND PATTERNS THAT MEET NUTRITION RECOMMENDATIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB This article describes a mathematical model that takes an existing food intake pattern and develops a new pattern that meets a specified set of nutrition recommendations with the minimum change possible. The model examines multiple recommendations simultaneously and considers foods as they are currently eaten, so it can provide practitioners with new insights about strategies for implementing recommendations. The model shows serving units per day by food group in both existing and new intake patterns and the recommendations responsible for changes. Recommendations of the National Research Council are used, and sodium-restricted (less-than-or-equal-to 2,400 mg) and sodium-unrestricted patterns are compared. Food intake data are from 915 nonpregnant, nonlactating women 19 to 50 years old who participated in the US Department of Agriculture's 1985 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals. The sodium-restricted pattern contains proportionately more dairy products, fruit, and red meat and proportionately less grain products, fish, and vegetables than the unrestricted-sodium pattern. Nutrition recommendations responsible for changes in the existing pattern include those for saturated fatty acids (<10% kcal), carbohydrate (greater-than-or-equal-to 55% kcal), zinc (100% of Recommended Dietary Allowance [RDA]), potassium (greater-than-or-equal-to 3,500 mg/day), and vitamin E (100% RDA), in addition to sodium. Implications of the sodium recommendation for food selection and preparation, especially of food mixtures and commercially prepared products, are discussed. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,DIV COMMOD ECON,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. RP CLEVELAND, LE (reprint author), USDA,HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV,DIV NUTR EDUC,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 93 IS 5 BP 556 EP 560 DI 10.1016/0002-8223(93)91816-9 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LB654 UT WOS:A1993LB65400014 PM 8315166 ER PT J AU KRONICK, P PAGE, A KOMANOWSKY, M AF KRONICK, P PAGE, A KOMANOWSKY, M TI AN ACOUSTIC-EMISSION STUDY OF STAKING AND FATLIQUOR SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The chemical treatment of leather with fatliquor and the physical treatment of staking produce similar esthetic results. The effects of two such different treatments on the structure of the leather, however, and perhaps various other responses to deformation, are expected to be different. The equivalence of fatliquoring and stalking were investigated by comparing the effects of the treatments on the stress-strain curves and the acoustic emission observed during tensile testing. It was found that staking affects only the first 25% of the elongation at break, lowering the initial modulus, while fatliquor affects the whole stress-strain curve. The initial part becomes concave upward instead of downward, and the elongation and stress at failure are greater. Acoustic emission from leather that was merely staked was suppressed only at small elongations, while it was smaller at all elongations from leather that had fatliquor. The results are shown to be consistent with a domain model of deformation. A nondestructive determination of the elongation of leather at tensile failure, based on acoustic emission, is derived from the observations. RP KRONICK, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 3 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 88 IS 5 BP 178 EP 186 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA ND145 UT WOS:A1993ND14500002 ER PT J AU NEFF, WE ADLOF, RO KONISHI, H WEISLEDER, D AF NEFF, WE ADLOF, RO KONISHI, H WEISLEDER, D TI HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF THE TRIACYLGLYCEROLS OF VERNONIA-GALAMENSIS AND CREPIS-ALPINA SEED OILS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CARBON NMR; CREPENYNIC ACID; EPOXY AND ACETYLENIC MONOACID TRIGLYCERIDES; FLAME-IONIZATION DETECTION; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTON NMR; REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; STEREOCHEMISTRY; VERNOLIC ACID ID PHOTOSENSITIZED OXIDATION; METHYL LINOLEATE; ESTERS; PRODUCTS; ACIDS AB The triacylglycerols of Vernonia galamensis and Crepis alpina seed oils were characterized because these oils have high concentrations of vernolic (cis-12,13-epoxy-cis-9-octadecenoic) and crepenynic (cis-9-octadecen-12-ynoic) acids, respectively. The triacylglycerols were separated from other components of crude oils by solid-phase extraction, followed by resolution and quantitation of the individual triacylglycerols by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with an acetonitrile/methylene chloride gradient and flame-ionization detection. Isolated triacylglycerols were characterized by proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance and by capillary gas chromatography of their fatty acid methyl esters. The locations of the fatty acids on the glycerol moieties in the oils were obtained by lipolysis. The Vernonia galamensis oil contained 50% trivernoloyl and 21% divernoloyllinoleoyl glycerols along with 20% triacylglycerols with one vernolic and two other fatty acids. The Crepis alpina oil contained 36% tricrepenynoyl and 33% dicrepenynoyllinoleoyl glycerols, 17% triacylglycerols with two crepenynic and one other fatty acid and 7% triacylglycerols with one crepenynic acid and two other fatty acids. Vernolic acid was found at both the 1(3)- and 2-glycerol carbons but was more abundant at the 1,(3)-position in the Vernonia galamensis oil. Crepenynic acid was found at both glycerol carbon positions but was more abundant at the 2-position in the Crepis alpina oil. RP NEFF, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 70 IS 5 BP 449 EP 455 DI 10.1007/BF02542574 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LA894 UT WOS:A1993LA89400002 ER PT J AU ERHAN, SM KLEIMAN, R ISBELL, TA AF ERHAN, SM KLEIMAN, R ISBELL, TA TI ESTOLIDES FROM MEADOWFOAM OIL FATTY-ACIDS AND OTHER MONOUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CIS-5; CIS-13-DOCOSADIENOIC ACID; COSMETIC; ESTOLIDE; LIMNANTHES; LINOLEIC ACID; LUBRICANT; MEADOWFOAM OIL FATTY ACIDS; MONTMORILLONITE; OLEIC ACID; PETROSELINIC ACID; PLASTICIZER AB The formation of estolides was detected during the studies on dimerization of meadowfoam oil fatty acids. By adjusting the reaction conditions, it was possible to produce monoestolides with little dimer or trimer formations. Estolides have potential use in lubricant, cosmetic and ink formulations and in plasticizers. This paper reports the conditions for production of estolides from mixed meadow-foam fatty acids, commercial oleic acid, high-oleic sunflower oil fatty acids, cis-5,cis-13-docosadienoic acid, petroselinic acid and linoleic acid. RP ERHAN, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 12 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 70 IS 5 BP 461 EP 465 DI 10.1007/BF02542576 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LA894 UT WOS:A1993LA89400004 ER PT J AU ZEITOUN, MAM NEFF, WE LIST, GR MOUNTS, TL AF ZEITOUN, MAM NEFF, WE LIST, GR MOUNTS, TL TI PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES OF INTERESTERIFIED FAT BLENDS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE FATTY ACIDS; INTERESTERIFICATION; MARGARINE; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; POLYMORPHISM; TRIACYLGLYCEROL ID HYDROGENATED CANOLA OIL; PALM OIL; SOYBEAN OIL; POLYMORPHISM; MARGARINES AB Fat blends, formulated by mixing fully hydrogenated soybean oil with nine different commonly used vegetable oils in a ratio of 1:1 (w/w), were subjected to interesterification (also commonly referred to as rearrangement or randomization) with sodium methoxide catalyst. Fatty acid composition and triacylglycerol molecular species of each fat blend and the interesterified product were determined and correlated with the following physical properties: melting, crystallization characteristics and solid fat content. The differences in the endothermic and exothermic peak temperatures, total heat of fusion and crystallization (beta and beta' crystalline content) and solid fat content among the fat blends clearly showed the effect of the composition of each oil on the physical properties. Oils that contained a considerable amount of palmitic acid had a favorable influence on the crystallization and polymorphic form of interesterified fat blends. C1 UNIV ALEXANDRIA,FAC AGR SABA BASHA,DEPT FOOD SCI,ALEXANDRIA,EGYPT. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 19 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 70 IS 5 BP 467 EP 471 DI 10.1007/BF02542577 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LA894 UT WOS:A1993LA89400005 ER PT J AU LIST, GR KING, JW JOHNSON, JH WARNER, K MOUNTS, TL AF LIST, GR KING, JW JOHNSON, JH WARNER, K MOUNTS, TL TI SUPERCRITICAL CO2 DEGUMMING AND PHYSICAL REFINING OF SOYBEAN OIL SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE COUNTERCURRENT REFINING; CRUDE OIL PROCESSING; DEGUMMING; DEODORIZATION; FLAVOR AND OXIDATIVE STABILITY; HEXANE-EXTRACTED; SOYBEAN OIL; STEAM-REFINING; SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; VEGETABLE-OILS; EXTRACTION; REMOVAL; QUALITY AB A hexane-extracted crude soybean oil was degummed in a reactor by counter-currently contacting the oil with supercritical CO2 at 55 MPa at 70-degrees-C. The phosphorus content of the crude oil was reduced from 620 ppm to less than 5 ppm. Degummed feedstocks were fed (without further processing, i.e., bleaching) directly to a batch physical refining step consisting of simultaneous deacidification/deodorization (1 h @ 260-degrees-C and 1-3 mm Hg) with and without 100 ppm citric acid. Flavor and oxidative stability of the oils was evaluated on freshly deodorized oils both after accelerated storage at 60-degrees-C and after exposure to fluorescent light at 7500 lux. Supercritical CO2-processed oils were compared with a commercially refined/bleached soybean oil that was deodorized under the same conditions. Flavor evaluations made on noncitrated oils showed that uncomplexed iron lowered initial flavor scores of both the unaged commercial control and the CO2-Processed oils. Oils treated with .01% (100 ppm) citric acid had an initial flavor score about 1 unit higher and were more stable in accelerated storage tests, than their uncitrated counterparts. Supercritical CO2-processed oil had equivalent flavor scores, both initially and after 60-degrees-C aging and light exposure as compared to the control soybean oil. Results showed that bleaching with absorbent clays may be eliminated by the supercritical CO2 counter-current processing step because considerable heat bleaching was observed during deacidification/deodorization. Colors of salad oils produced under above conditions typically ran 3Y 0.7R. RP LIST, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 31 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 70 IS 5 BP 473 EP 476 DI 10.1007/BF02542578 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LA894 UT WOS:A1993LA89400006 ER PT J AU LANSER, AC AF LANSER, AC TI CONVERSION OF OLEIC-ACID TO 10-KETOSTEARIC ACID BY A STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE BIOCONVERSION; OLEIC ACID; 10-KETOSTEARIC ACID; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AB In the course of using microorganisms to produce value-added products from soybean oil or its fatty acids, a culture contaminant was isolated and tentatively identified as a Staphylococcus species. This microorganism converts oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic acid) to 10-ketostearic acid (10-keto-octadecanoic acid) in growing cultures. Bioconversion was studied in two different media at temperatures from 30 to 41-degrees-C, with shaking at 150 rpm. Cells were grown in 50 mL of media for 24 h and then incubated with 0.25 g oleic acid for 24 h. Optimum conditions have allowed better than 90% conversion with 85% recovery. Unreacted oleic acid and 10-hydroxystearic acid (10-hydroxy-octadecanoic acid) are the only other compounds present in the ethyl ether extract of the fermentation broth. RP LANSER, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 11 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 70 IS 5 BP 543 EP 545 DI 10.1007/BF02542591 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LA894 UT WOS:A1993LA89400019 ER PT J AU FISHMAN, ML LEVAJ, B GILLESPIE, D SCORZA, R AF FISHMAN, ML LEVAJ, B GILLESPIE, D SCORZA, R TI CHANGES IN THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PEACH FRUIT PECTIN DURING ON-TREE RIPENING AND STORAGE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PRUNUS-PERSICA; INTRINSIC VISCOSITY; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; RADIUS OF GYRATION; HIGH PERFORMANCE SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CELL WALLS ID TOMATO FRUIT; CELL-WALLS; COMPONENTS; GYRATION; ACIDS AB Radius of gyration (size), intrinsic viscosity, molecular weight, percentage of galacturonate, and percentage of neutral sugars were measured for chelate-soluble (CSP) and alkaline-soluble (ASP) pectins extracted from the cell walls of melting flesh (MF) and nonmelting flesh (NMF) peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. Weight percentage of cell walls, pectin content, and firmness were measured also. Peaches were extracted at 20, 21, and 22 weeks after flowering (WAF) and after various lengths of shelf storage at 25 +/- 2C for the peaches picked at 21 WAF. Weight percentage of cell walls and firmness decreased markedly between the 21st and 22nd WAF; and between the 3rd and 6th day of storage for MF peaches as compared to NMF peaches. During these same periods, there were marked drops in the pectin content and the uronide content for MF as compared to NMF peaches. Size and intrinsic viscosity dropped markedly for CSP of MF peaches in comparison with NMF peaches during these same periods, whereas the molecular weight of CSP and ASP increased in MF peaches over that measured for NMF peaches. These results suggested that alpha-D-galacturonase (E.C. 3.2.1.15) was involved in softening only in the latter stages of ripening MF peaches. Further, cell wall polymers containing long thin pectin aggregates were destroyed, whereas cell wall polymers containing short thick pectin aggregates remained. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP FISHMAN, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 26 TC 42 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 118 IS 3 BP 343 EP 349 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LG491 UT WOS:A1993LG49100005 ER PT J AU GLENN, DM WELKER, WV AF GLENN, DM WELKER, WV TI ROOT DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS IN FIELD-GROWN PEACH-TREES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MINIRHIZOTRON; PRUNUS-PERSICA; WATER USE ID WATER AB The objective was to determine the interrelationship between root growth and plant available soil water (PAW) for young, nonbearing, and mature fruiting peach trees (Prunus persica L. Batsch) over 7 years. Root growth observed with minirhizotrons indicated that young, nonbearing trees developed new white roots throughout the growing season. The pattern of new white root growth became bimodal when the trees fruited. White root production in mature trees appeared in March, preceding budbreak, ceased in June, resumed following fruit removal in August, and persisted through January. The appearance of white roots was inversely related to the presence of fruit and was not correlated to PAW levels in the 0 to 90 cm depth. The lack of root growth response to PAW levels was attributed to a root system that penetrated the soil to depths beyond our zone of sampling. Circumstantial evidence suggests that deep roots help maintain the surface root system when the surface soil dries. RP GLENN, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 118 IS 3 BP 362 EP 365 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LG491 UT WOS:A1993LG49100008 ER PT J AU GRIESBACH, RJ MEYER, F KOOPOWITZ, H AF GRIESBACH, RJ MEYER, F KOOPOWITZ, H TI CREATION OF NEW FLOWER COLORS IN ORNITHOGALUM VIA INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EMBRYO RESCUE; BREEDING; POT-PLANT; CAROTENOIDS AB Embryo rescue was successfully applied to develop hybrids between Ornithogalum dubium Houtt. (short inflorescence with orange flowers) and 0. thyrsoides Jacq. (tall inflorescences with white flowers). Meiosis in these hybrids showed abnormalities such as univalents, laggards, and bridges. The F1 hybrids were partially fertile, and F2 and BC1 progeny were produced. The backcross hybrids segregated for flower color and inflorescence traits and introgressed seedlings with orange pigmented flowers on tall inflorescences were obtained in the population. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,IRVINE ARBORETUM,IRVINE,CA 92717. RP GRIESBACH, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 118 IS 3 BP 409 EP 414 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LG491 UT WOS:A1993LG49100017 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, TE BAKER, JF AF THOMPSON, TE BAKER, JF TI HERITABILITY AND PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS OF 6 PECAN NUT CHARACTERISTICS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARYA-ILLINOINENSIS; BREEDING; GENETICS AB Heritability estimates for pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] nut weight, nut buoyancy, nut volume, nut density, kernel weight, and percentage kernel were determined from 8748 nut samples representing 152 families collected during 25 years in the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA) pecan breeding program at Brownwood, Texas. Measurements were corrected for year-to-year environmental variability using least-squares constants of individual year effects. Adjusted values were then regressed on midparent means. Generally, heritability (h2) estimates were low to moderate: nut weight 0.35, nut buoyancy 0.18, nut volume 0.35, nut density 0.03, kernel weight 0.38, and percentage kernel 0.32. The low values are probably due to the extreme alternate bearing tendency of this species, since crop load affects pecan nut characteristics so directly. Phenotypic correlations among these traits showed that larger or heavier nuts had significantly higher kernel weight, buoyancy, and percentage kernel. Nut density increased with higher nut and kernel weight, but decreased with nut volume. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM SCI,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP THOMPSON, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,PECAN GENET & BREEDING RES,ROUTE 2,BOX 133,SOMERVILLE,TX 77879, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 118 IS 3 BP 415 EP 418 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LG491 UT WOS:A1993LG49100018 ER PT J AU PANTER, KE MOLYNEUX, RJ SMART, RA MITCHELL, L HANSEN, S AF PANTER, KE MOLYNEUX, RJ SMART, RA MITCHELL, L HANSEN, S TI ENGLISH YEW POISONING IN 43 CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TAXUS-BACCATA; INTOXICATION; LEAVES AB Thirty-five privately owned to 2-year-old mixed-breed steers and heifers, weighing 340 to 454 kg, died from accidental ingestion of English yew (Taxus baccata). Estimated dosages ranged from 0.36 to 0.70 g of fresh plant/kg of body weight. Clinical signs of poisoning and death began 2 to 3 hours after first exposure, and cattle continued to have clinical signs, which ended in death 6 to 8 hours later. Most cattle had died by 4 hours after first ingestion. Necropsy of 4 cattle revealed substantial amounts of English yew leaves and small stems in the rumen contents. Grossly, there were areas of hyperemia in the abomasum and small intestine. Histologically, lesions were limited to the lungs and included moderate congestion and interlobular edema. Chemical analysis by thin-layer chromatography of suspected yew plant material from the rumen contents of the 4 necropsied cattle was compared to authentic taxol, and confirmed the presence of taxol in rumen samples. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM DAIRY & VET SCI,LOGAN,UT 84322. N CACHE VET CLIN,RICHMOND,UT 84333. RP PANTER, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321, USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 1 PY 1993 VL 202 IS 9 BP 1476 EP 1477 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KZ716 UT WOS:A1993KZ71600014 PM 8098701 ER PT J AU KANESHIRO, T VESONDER, RF PETERSON, RE BAGBY, MO AF KANESHIRO, T VESONDER, RF PETERSON, RE BAGBY, MO TI 2-HYDROXYHEXADECANOIC AND 8,9,13-TRIHYDROXYDOCOSANOIC ACID ACCUMULATION BY YEASTS TREATED WITH FUMONISIN-B-1 SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Fumonisin B1 is a sphingolipid-like compound that enhances the accumulation of yeast sphingolipids and 2-hydroxy fatty acids. These lipids occur both as freely extractable and cell bound components in yeast fermentations. Both free and bound 2-hydroxy fatty acids produced by Pichia sydowiorum NRRL Y-7130 were increased when fumonisin B1 (50 mg/L) was added to the usual growth medium containing yeast extract/malt extract/peptone/glucose. Fumonisin-treated cultures contained 38 mg/L more 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic and 15 mg/L more 2-hydroxyoctadecanoic acids than did untreated cultures. By contrast, fumonisin inhibited the accumulation of free 8,9,13-trihydroxydocosanoic acid in Rhodotorula sp. YB-2501 cultures, leading to 240 mg/L lower trihydroxy acid production than by untreated cultures. RP KANESHIRO, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD MAY PY 1993 VL 28 IS 5 BP 397 EP 401 DI 10.1007/BF02535936 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA LC582 UT WOS:A1993LC58200006 PM 8316046 ER PT J AU TSITSATZARDIS, E PATTERSON, GW WIKFORS, GH GLADU, PK HARRISON, D AF TSITSATZARDIS, E PATTERSON, GW WIKFORS, GH GLADU, PK HARRISON, D TI STEROLS OF CHAETOCEROS AND SKELETONEMA SO LIPIDS LA English DT Note ID OSTREA-EDULIS L; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; OYSTER; PHYTOPLANKTON; GROWTH; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Dietary sterol is required by the oyster for growth, and sterol is believed to be obtained primarily from dietary phytoplankton. Seven isolates of Chaetoceros and one of Skeletonema, which are of potential use as oyster food, were analyzed for sterol composition using gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Skeletonema and five isolates of Chaetoceros contained cholesterol as their major sterol. Two other isolates of Chaetoceros also contained cholesterol, but 24-methylenecholesterol was the principal sterol. Cholesterol has rarely been reported as the major sterol from phytoplankton. In view of the widespread occurrence of Skeletonema and Chaetoceros in the marine environment, these algae could be an important source of the oyster's cholesterol. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHARM,COLL PK,MD 20742. LINDSEY WILSON COLL,DEPT BIOL,COLUMBIA,KY 42728. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MILFORD,CT 06460. USDA,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 22 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD MAY PY 1993 VL 28 IS 5 BP 465 EP 467 DI 10.1007/BF02535946 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA LC582 UT WOS:A1993LC58200016 ER PT J AU LUSBY, WR BUCHMANN, SL FELDLAUFER, MF AF LUSBY, WR BUCHMANN, SL FELDLAUFER, MF TI POLLEN STEROLS FROM 3 SPECIES OF SONORAN CACTI SO LIPIDS LA English DT Note ID HYMENOPTERA AB Cactus bees are important pollinators that contribute to the long-term stability of arid regions in the United States. Since all insects are dependent upon a dietary source of sterol for normal growth, development and reproduction, a study was undertaken to determine neutral sterols available to cactus bees. The total neutral sterol composition of hand-collected pollen was determined for three species of Sonoran cacti by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24-Methylenecholesterol was the predominant pollen sterol in Engelmann's prickly pear, Opuntia phaeacantha, cholla, O. versicolor, and cardon, Pachycereus pringlei. Two pentacyclic triterpene alcohols, lupeol and moretenol, were also isolated. Since no cholesterol was detected in any of the pollen samples, cactus bees would have to utilize the 24-alkyl sterols unchanged or convert these sterols to cholesterol via dealkylation. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HONEY BEE & INSECT BIOL CONTROL RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP LUSBY, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BLDG 467,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD MAY PY 1993 VL 28 IS 5 BP 469 EP 470 DI 10.1007/BF02535947 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA LC582 UT WOS:A1993LC58200017 ER PT J AU HRABAK, EM WILLIS, DK AF HRABAK, EM WILLIS, DK TI INVOLVEMENT OF THE IEMA GENE IN PRODUCTION OF SYRINGOMYCIN AND PROTEASE BY PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE PV SYRINGAE SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE METALLOPROTEASE; PATHOGENICITY; PHASEOLUS VULGARIS; REGULATION; TOXIN ID CAROTOVORA SUBSP CAROTOVORA; PHYTOTOXIN SYRINGOMYCIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXTRACELLULAR PROTEASES; TRANSPOSON MUTAGENESIS; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; PATHOGENICITY; EXPRESSION; CLONING; CAMPESTRIS AB The lemA gene of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae has been proposed to encode a transmembrane protein related to a large family of bacterial regulatory proteins. A lemA mutation in P. s. pv. syringae isolate B728a eliminates lesion development in brown spot disease of bean. In this study, we report that the lemA gene is also required for P. s. pv. syringae to produce normal levels of extracellular protease and of the toxin, syringomycin, but not for motility or the production of pyoverdin or bacteriocin. The role of protease and syringomycin in lesion development was investigated after isolation of mutants affected in production of either activity. One class of syringomycin mutants was identified that produced no syringomycin as measured by in vitro bioassay, but retained wild-type levels of pathogenicity on bean. In addition, protease mutants were isolated that had lost most of their proteolytic activity and remained pathogenic on bean. These results suggest that protease or syringomycin production by P. s. pv. syringae does not play a major role in the process of lesion formation on bean. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,PLANT DIS RESISTANCE UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 44 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 6 IS 3 BP 368 EP 375 DI 10.1094/MPMI-6-368 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA MD258 UT WOS:A1993MD25800012 ER PT J AU BROWNBRIDGE, M HUMBER, RA PARKER, BL SKINNER, M AF BROWNBRIDGE, M HUMBER, RA PARKER, BL SKINNER, M TI FUNGAL ENTOMOPATHOGENS RECOVERED FROM VERMONT FOREST SOILS SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Note DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; FOREST INSECTS; FOREST SOILS; FUNGAL ENTOMOPATHOGENS ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PEAR THRIPS C1 USDA ARS,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP BROWNBRIDGE, M (reprint author), UNIV VERMONT,ENTOMOL RES LAB,655B SPEAR ST,S BURLINGTON,VT 05403, USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 85 IS 3 BP 358 EP 361 DI 10.2307/3760695 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA LM598 UT WOS:A1993LM59800004 ER PT J AU ZAMBINO, PJ SZABO, LJ AF ZAMBINO, PJ SZABO, LJ TI PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS OF SELECTED CEREAL AND GRASS RUSTS BASED ON RDNA SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE BASIDIOMYCETES; FUNGI; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; LARGE SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PCR-AMPLIFIED RIBOSOMAL DNA; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; PUCCINIA; UROMYCES ID SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNAS; EVOLUTION; PUCCINIA; FUNGI; DNA; SACCHAROMYCES; COEVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; CHARACTERS AB To determine phylogenetic relatedness of strains and formae speciales of Puccinia coronata, P. graminis, P. recondita and other cereal and grass rusts and related species, two regions of the ribosomal gene repeat were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The internal transcribed spacer region provided sufficient variability for phylogenetic analysis, whereas the 5' end of the region coding for the large-subunit rRNA had little variation. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer sequence data by distance and parsimony methods revealed that P. graminis strains and P. coronata strains from various hosts each composed a distinct cluster, but strains of the P. recondita species complex from various hosts did not. In comparisons among formae speciales of P. graminis and P. coronata, formae speciales that had identical sequences in the internal transcribed spacer region were those that are known to be closely related by crossing, isozyme, and host range studies. However, relationships among formae speciales based on sequence data in some cases contradicted recent taxonomy of the cereal rusts. The clustering of correlated species (microcyclic P. mesnieriana with macrocyclic P. coronata, and microcyclic Uromyces scillarum with macrocyclic P. hordei) demonstrated that internal transcribed spacer sequence data can identify closely related species pairs and is the first confirmation of the relatedness between microcyclic and macrocyclic species based on molecular characters. RP ZAMBINO, PJ (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,1551 LINDIG ST,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 48 TC 98 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 8 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 85 IS 3 BP 401 EP 414 DI 10.2307/3760702 PG 14 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA LM598 UT WOS:A1993LM59800011 ER PT J AU UECKER, FA AF UECKER, FA TI DEVELOPMENT AND CYTOLOGY OF PLECTOSPHAERELLA-CUCUMERINA SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ASCOMYCETES; ASCUS TIP; CENTRUM; CHROMOSOME NUMBER; PLECTOSPHAERELLA; FUSARIUM ID FUSARIUM-TABACINUM AB Development of the ascoma of Plectosphaerella cucumerina begins with the formation of a coiled ascogonium that becomes surrounded by branches from the parent hypha or from neighboring hyphae or both. Paraphyses develop as rows of cells with the lower ones laterally expanded to form an apparent pseudoparenchyma. Apical meristematic cells of the ascoma grow upward parallel to each other and form the neck and neck canal. Neck hyphae are septate, may be branched, and remain unpigmented until late in development of the ascoma. A cavity within the ascoma is present only near the entrance to the ostiole until late in development. Centrum development is the Sordaria-type. The ascogonium branches in a horizontal layer among the bases of the paraphyses and produces short ascogenous hyphae which give rise to asci by crozier formation. Meiosis followed by a mitotic division gives rise to eight nuclei, each of which becomes enclosed within an ascospore. Mitosis and septum formation produce bicellular ascospores with two uninucleate cells. The apical apparatus of the ascus is inamyloid and annellascous but is often obscure. The haploid chromosome number is four. RP UECKER, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SYSTEMAT BOT & MYCOL LAB,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 85 IS 3 BP 470 EP 479 DI 10.2307/3760707 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA LM598 UT WOS:A1993LM59800016 ER PT J AU ELSAYED, GN IGNOFFO, CM LEATHERS, TD GUPTA, SC AF ELSAYED, GN IGNOFFO, CM LEATHERS, TD GUPTA, SC TI CUTICULAR AND NON-CUTICULAR SUBSTRATE INFLUENCE ON EXPRESSION OF CUTICLE-DEGRADING ENZYMES FROM CONIDIA OF AN ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS, NOMURAEA-RILEYI SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES; NOMURAEA-RILEYI; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI ID METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; MANDUCA-SEXTA; GERMINATION; PROTEASE; INHIBITION; CHITINASE; INFECTION; EXTRACTS AB Larval cuticle from Trichoplusia ni, Helicoverpa (= Heliothis) zea, and Heliothis virescens and a cellulose substrate were used to quantify release of proteolytic, chitinolytic, and lipolytic enzymes by germinating conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi. There was no significant difference in conidial viability incubated with T. ni, H. zea or cellulose substrates. Conidial viability on H. virescens cuticle, however, was significantly lower (ca. 19-25%) than the other three substrates. The presence of cuticle substrates, especially cuticle of T. ni, stimulated germination. The nature of the substrate influenced both the time and quantity of the enzymes expressed. Specific proteases (aminopeptidase, chymoelastase, trypsin) generally were expressed earlier and/or in greater quantities on cuticular than on the cellulose substrate. Although both chitinolytic enzymes (endochitinase, N-acetylglucosaminidase) were detected on all three cuticular substrates, their activity was substantially lower than that of the proteolytic enzymes. Lipase activity was only minimally present. Early concurrent release of both proteases and chitinases suggested that both may be important in the penetration of the larval integument by germinating conidia of N. rileyi. Expression of proteases and chitinases, especially aminopeptidase and endochitinase was probably a specific response to cuticle, because little or no activity was expressed on the non-host, cellulose substrate. C1 USDA ARS,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP ELSAYED, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,POB 7629,RT K,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD MAY PY 1993 VL 122 IS 2 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1007/BF01103603 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA LE696 UT WOS:A1993LE69600003 ER PT J AU MASSICOTTE, HB MELVILLE, LH MOLINA, R PETERSON, RL AF MASSICOTTE, HB MELVILLE, LH MOLINA, R PETERSON, RL TI STRUCTURE AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF MYCORRHIZAE SYNTHESIZED BETWEEN ARBUTUS-MENZIESII (ERICACEAE) AND 2 BASIDIOMYCETES, PISOLITHUS-TINCTORIUS (PISOLITHACEAE) AND PILODERMA-BICOLOR (CORTICIACEAE) SO MYCORRHIZA LA English DT Article DE ARBUTOID MYCORRHIZAE; ARBUTUS; PILODERMA; PISOLITHUS; EXODERMIS ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; HYPODERMAL CASPARIAN BANDS; ARCTOSTAPHYLOS-UVA-URSI; ULTRASTRUCTURAL ASPECTS; ROOTS; ECTOMYCORRHIZAE; FUNGI; EPIDERMIS; ONTOGENY; UNEDO AB Arbutoid mycorrhizae were synthesized in growth pouches between Arbutus menziesii Pursch. (Pacific madrone) and two broad host range basidiomycete fungi, Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch and Piloderma bicolor (Peck) Julich. P. tinctorius induced the formation of dense, pinnate mycorrhizal root clusters enveloped by a thick fungal mantle. P. bicolor mycorrhizae were usually unbranched, and had a thin or non-existent mantle. Both associations had the well-developed para-epidermal Hartig nets and intracellular penetration of host epidermal cells by hyphae typical of arbutoid interactions. A. menziesii roots developed a suberized exodermis which acted as a barrier to cortical cell penetration by the fungi. Ultrastructurally, the suberin appeared non-lamellar, but this may have been due to the imbedding resin. Histochemical analyses indicated that phenolic substances present in epidermal cells may be an important factor in mycorrhiza establishment. Analyses with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy showed that some of the granular inclusions present in fungal hyphae of the mantle and Hartig net were polyphosphate. Other inclusions were either protein or polysaccharides. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. UNIV GUELPH,DEPT BOT,GUELPH N1G 2W1,ONTARIO,CANADA. US FOREST SERV,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 36 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0940-6360 J9 MYCORRHIZA JI Mycorrhiza PD MAY PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/BF00213461 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA MF188 UT WOS:A1993MF18800001 ER PT J AU MILNE, DB JOHNSON, PE AF MILNE, DB JOHNSON, PE TI EFFECT OF CHANGES IN SHORT-TERM DIETARY ZINC INTAKE ON ETHANOL-METABOLISM AND ZINC STATUS INDEXES IN YOUNG MEN SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ZINC; ZINC STATUS; ALCOHOL; ETHANOL; ETHANOL METABOLISM ID ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME; DEHYDROGENASE-ACTIVITIES; THYROID-HORMONES; DEFICIENCY; PROTEIN; SERUM; ALCOHOL; WOMEN; ABSORPTION; EXCRETION AB Eleven men aged 28.1 +/- 5.0 y (mean +/- SD), who lived in a metabolic unit, participated in a controlled study of zinc (Zn) metabolism. It began with a 28 d equilibration period when dietary Zn was 10 mg/d, followed by dietary periods of 36 d each with 1, 2, 3, or 4 mg Zn/d presented in random order, and ended with a 36 d period when dietary Zn was 10 mg/d. Plasma Zn dropped to 4.0 mumol/L in one subject and was significantly lower for all subjects (11.2 +/- 2.8 mumol/L) during the 1 mg Zn/d dietary period than during the 10 mg Zn/d (13.6 +/- 0.9 mumol/L) period, P<0.0002. Serum alkaline phosphatase and testosterone followed a trend similar to that of Zn. Blood cell Zn was not significantly affected by dietary Zn. Apparent ethanol absorption, as evidenced by maximum serum ethanol concentration after a 0.5 g/k body weight dose and the time the maximum was reached, was not significantly (P>0.05) affected by dietary Zn. The rate of ethanol clearance from the blood, measured between 120 and 240 minutes, was significantly (P<0.03) affected by dietary Zn. The clearance rate (mmol/L/min) was greater during Zn repletion when 10 mg Zn/d was fed (0.046) than when 1 (0.040), 2 (0.036), 3 (0.041), or 4 (0.038) mg Zn/d were fed. Serum alcohol dehydrogenase activity was not significantly affected by dietary Zn at any of the measured time intervals. These data suggest that blood ethanol clearance is sensitive to short-term changes in dietary Zn intake. RP MILNE, DB (reprint author), UNIV N DAKOTA,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,USDA,ARS,POB 9034,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 13 IS 5 BP 511 EP 521 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80678-5 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KZ314 UT WOS:A1993KZ31400002 ER PT J AU GIBBENS, RP HAVSTAD, KM BILLHEIMER, DD HERBEL, CH AF GIBBENS, RP HAVSTAD, KM BILLHEIMER, DD HERBEL, CH TI CREOSOTE BUSH VEGETATION AFTER 50 YEARS OF LAGOMORPH EXCLUSION SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE BLACK-TAILED JACKRABBIT; LARREA-TRIDENTATA; SPOROBOLUS-CONTRACTUS; SPIKE DROPSEED; PARTHENIUM-INCANUM ID RANGE CONDITION; THRESHOLDS; VIEWPOINT; DENSITY AB In 1939, an experiment was established on the Jornada Experimental Range to evaluate the effects of shrub removal. rabbit exclusion, furrowing, and seeding in creosotebush [Larrea tridentata (DC.) Cov] vegetation. Sixteen plots (21.3 x 21.3 m) were laid out in four rows of four plots per row with a buffer zone of 7.6 m between plots and rows. A barbed wire fence excluded cattle and poultry wire fencing excluded lagomorphs. Treatments were factorially applied at two levels. Plant cover in the plots was sampled in 1938 (before treatment). 1947, 1956, 1960, 1967 and 1989 with randomly located, line-intercept transects. Data from all sampling dates were analyzed as a split plot in time and main effects for 1989 tested by analysis of variance for a 2 x 4 factorial experiment. There were significant (P < 0.10) year x treatment interactions. Seeding and furrowing treatments were ineffective but lagomorph exclusion and shrub clearing treatments resulted in significant treatment differences for several species. In 1989. basal area of spike dropseed (Sporobolus contractus A.S. Hitchc.) was 30-fold greater on the lagomorph excluded than on the lagomorph unexcluded treatment. Canopy cover of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa), tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC.) and mariola (Parthenium incanum H.B.K.) were affected by lagomorph exclusion. None of the responses were viewed as successional in nature. They principally represented individual species sensitivities to either absence of a primary herbivore or removal of aboveground shrub biomass. Though the physical treatments could be regarded as relatively severe disturbances of the system, the impacts on community vegetation dynamics were relatively significant. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT EXPTL STAT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP GIBBENS, RP (reprint author), NMSU,DEPT 3JER,USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,BOX 30003,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 1993 VL 94 IS 2 BP 210 EP 217 DI 10.1007/BF00341319 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LE061 UT WOS:A1993LE06100009 PM 28314034 ER PT J AU REEVES, JB GALLETTI, GC AF REEVES, JB GALLETTI, GC TI THE POTENTIAL OF COMPOSITE PYROYSIS GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC MASS-SPECTRA IN THE STUDY OF LIGNOCELLULOSICS SO ORGANIC MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID WHEAT STRAW; SPECTROMETRY; LIGNIN; OXIDATION; WOOD AB The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of composite mass spectral (CMS) data from pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PY-GC/MS) for lignocellulosic materials. Various forages, by-products and fiber fractions derived from them were examined as CMS by PY-GC/MS. The PY-GC/MS system consisted of a heated platinum filament, a capillary gas chromatograph and an ion trap detector (ITD) mass spectrometer operated under electron impact conditions. Mass spectra were then composited in several ways by summing all the mass spectra acquired within retention times corresponding to major product classes. CMS data were entered in a dedicated library and compared using the ITD library editor software. The usefulness of such a simple procedure for studies related to lignocellulose analysis, such as forage recognition, development of analytical methods and digestibility/maturity correlation, is discussed. C1 UNIV REGGIO CALABRIA,IST MICROBIOL & TECNOL AGR & FORESTALE,I-89061 GALLINA,ITALY. RP REEVES, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RNL,BLDG 200,ROOM 126,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0030-493X J9 ORG MASS SPECTROM JI Org. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 28 IS 5 BP 647 EP 655 DI 10.1002/oms.1210280529 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA LD163 UT WOS:A1993LD16300028 ER PT J AU ELSAS, LJ ELLERINE, NP KLEIN, PD AF ELSAS, LJ ELLERINE, NP KLEIN, PD TI PRACTICAL METHODS TO ESTIMATE WHOLE-BODY LEUCINE OXIDATION IN MAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-KETOACID DEHYDROGENASE; THIAMIN PYROPHOSPHATE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ACID DEHYDROGENASE; COMPLEX; SUBUNIT; STABILIZATION; PURIFICATION; METABOLISM; INVIVO AB We report the comparison of noninvasive methods to estimate whole body leucine oxidation in patients who have maple syrup urine disease. We used both an i.v. and an oral bolus of L-[1-C-13]leucine and quantitated (CO2)-C-13 in expired air. Both methods differentiated patients with maple syrup urine disease from heterozygous and control subjects. Eight patients, whose disease differed in clinical severity, were selected for study and had a range of impaired values for whole body leucine oxidation. Six h after an i.v. bolus dose of L-[1-C-13]-L-leucine, (CO2)-C-13 recoveries ranged from 0.8 to 19.7%. Three of the eight patients had significant increases in (CO2)-C-13 production after supraphysiologic thiamine therapy. After the oral dose of L-[1-C-13]leucine, homozygous affected children produced less (CO2)-C-13 than normal, age-matched, childhood controls. In addition, the oxidation of orally administered L-[1-C-13] leucine was reduced significantly in adult heterozygotes compared with adult controls. The proportion of whole body leucine oxidation by affected children was comparatively greater than that by their cultured cells, but cellular oxidation correlated significantly with whole body oxidation of leucine among affected patients. We conclude that these simplified analyses of whole body leucine oxidation define the degree of impaired branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase activity in patients with differing types of maple syrup urine disease and distinguish the subpopulation who might benefit from thiamine supplementation. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP ELSAS, LJ (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV MED GENET,2040 RIDGEWOOD DR,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [MO1-RR-00039] NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 33 IS 5 BP 445 EP 451 DI 10.1203/00006450-199305000-00005 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA LA512 UT WOS:A1993LA51200004 PM 8511017 ER PT J AU SCHOOFS, L HOLMAN, GM PAEMEN, L VEELAERT, D AMELINCKX, M DELOOF, A AF SCHOOFS, L HOLMAN, GM PAEMEN, L VEELAERT, D AMELINCKX, M DELOOF, A TI ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION, AND SYNTHESIS OF PDVDHFLRFAMIDE (SCHISTOFLRFAMIDE) IN LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH THE MALE ACCESSORY-GLANDS, THE SALIVARY-GLANDS, THE HEART, AND THE OVIDUCT SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE SCHISTOFLRFAMIDE; IDENTIFICATION OF INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES; NEUROTRANSMITTER; MALE ACCESSORY GLANDS; SALIVARY GLANDS; HEART; OVIDUCT; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; NERVOUS SYSTEM ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; LEUCOMYOSUPPRESSIN-LIKE PEPTIDES; VERTEBRATE TACHYKININ FAMILY; INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES; MYOTROPIC PEPTIDE; VISCERAL MUSCLE; NEURONS; LOCALIZATION; INNERVATION; IMMUNOREACTIVITY AB An amidated decapeptide, exhibiting strong inhibitory activity of spontaneous visceral muscle movements, was isolated from 9000 brain-corpora cardiaca-corpora allata-subesophageal ganglion complexes of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. During the process of HPLC purifications, the biological activity of the fractions was monitored using the isolated hindgut of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. The primary structure of this myotropic peptide is Pro-Asp-Val-Asp-His-Val-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2 and is identical to SchistoFLRFamide isolated from the grasshopper, Schistocerca gregaria. It shares the carboxy-terminal sequence FLRFamide with several identified peptides from different phyla. At this moment, six decapeptides isolated from different insect species are identical at 7 of the 10 amino acid residues (X-D-V-X-H-X-FLRFamide). The cockroach, fly, and locust peptides differ only by the N-terminal amino acid residue. Synthetic SchistoFLRFamide showed biological as well as chemical characteristics indistinguishable from the native peptide. It provoked a decrease in frequency and amplitude of contractions of the locust oviduct. By means of a polyclonal antiserum directed against the carboxy terminal of SchistoFLRFamide, we demonstrated that the male accessory glands, the heart, the oviduct, and the salivary glands were innervated by axons containing SchistoFLRFamide-like immunoreactivity. Administration of SchistoFLRFamide elicited an immediate effect on the basal membrane potential of the opalescent tubule gland cells. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77841. RP SCHOOFS, L (reprint author), CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN,INST ZOOL,NAAMSESTR 59,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. NR 44 TC 96 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 14 IS 3 BP 409 EP 421 DI 10.1016/0196-9781(93)90126-2 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LD181 UT WOS:A1993LD18100001 PM 7687352 ER PT J AU LUSTER, DG MILLER, PA AF LUSTER, DG MILLER, PA TI TRIAZOLE PLANT-GROWTH REGULATOR BINDING TO NATIVE AND DETERGENT-SOLUBILIZED PLANT MICROSOMAL CYTOCHROME-P450 SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CASTOR BEAN ENDOSPERM; GIBBERELLIN BIOSYNTHESIS; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; METHYL-ALCOHOL; PACLOBUTRAZOL; KAURENE; YEAST; GLYOXYSOMES; INHIBITION; FUNGICIDES RP LUSTER, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,BLDG 1301,FT DETRICK,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 46 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.1006/pest.1993.1033 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA LE071 UT WOS:A1993LE07100004 ER PT J AU JANSEN, MAK MATTOO, AK MALKIN, S EDELMAN, M AF JANSEN, MAK MATTOO, AK MALKIN, S EDELMAN, M TI DIRECT DEMONSTRATION OF BINDING-SITE COMPETITION BETWEEN PHOTOSYSTEM-II INHIBITORS AT THE Q(B) NICHE OF THE D1 PROTEIN SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDII; INVIVO DEGRADATION; IDENTIFICATION; POLYPEPTIDES; THYLAKOIDS; MEMBRANE; PSBA; PLASTOQUINONE; CHLOROPLASTS C1 WEIZMANN INST SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP JANSEN, MAK (reprint author), WEIZMANN INST SCI,DEPT PLANT GENET,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011; OI Jansen, Marcel/0000-0003-2014-5859 NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 46 IS 1 BP 78 EP 83 DI 10.1006/pest.1993.1039 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA LE071 UT WOS:A1993LE07100010 ER PT J AU BURKEY, KO AF BURKEY, KO TI EFFECT OF GROWTH IRRADIANCE ON PLASTOCYANIN LEVELS IN BARLEY SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CHLOROPLAST; LIGHT ENVIRONMENT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLASTOCYANIN; P700 ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; THYLAKOID MEMBRANES; LIGHT-INTENSITY; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; PISUM-SATIVUM; HIGHER-PLANTS; ACCLIMATION; COMPONENTS; LEAVES; STOICHIOMETRY AB Plastocyanin levels in barley (Hordeum vulgare cv Boone) were found to be dependent on growth irradiance. An immunochemical assay was developed and used to measure the plastocyanin content of isolated thylakoid membranes. Barley grown under 600 mumole photons m-2 s-1 contained two- to four-fold greater quantities of plastocyanin per unit chlorophyll compared with plants grown under 60 mumole photons m-2 s-1. The plastocyanin/Photosystem I ratio was found to be 2 to 3 under high irradiance compared with 0.5 to 1.5 under low irradiance. The reduced plastocyanin pool size in low light plants contributed to a two-fold reduction in photosynthetic electron transport activity. Plastocyanin levels increased upon transfer of low light plants to high irradiance conditions. In contrast, plastocyanin levels were not affected in plants transferred from high to low irradiance, suggesting that plastocyanin is not involved in the acclimation of photosynthesis to shade. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP BURKEY, KO (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA,BOX 7631,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 36 IS 2 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1007/BF00016275 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LH787 UT WOS:A1993LH78700005 PM 24318871 ER PT J AU GRANT, L DAUGHTRY, CST VANDERBILT, VC AF GRANT, L DAUGHTRY, CST VANDERBILT, VC TI POLARIZED AND SPECULAR REFLECTANCE VARIATION WITH LEAF SURFACE-FEATURES SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE CUTICLE; LEAF SURFACE; LIGHT; POLARIZATION; REFLECTANCE; SCATTERING; SPECULAR REFLECTANCE ID BIDIRECTIONAL SCATTERING; LEAVES; LIGHT; TRANSMITTANCE; DIFFUSE; CORN AB The linearly polarized reflectance from a leaf depends on the characteristics of the leaf surface. In the present study the leaf reflectance of a number of plant species with varying surface characteristics was measured at the Brewster angle with a polarization photometer having 5 visible and near-infrared wavelength bands. We found that all leaf surfaces polarized incident light. Differences among species could be explained by variation in surface features. The results support our hypothesis that the polarized light is reflected by the leaf surface, not by its interior. Two mechanisms appeared responsible for the linearly polarized reflectance: (1) specular reflectance and (2) surface particle scattering. In most cases, large values of linearly polarized reflectance could be attributed to specular reflectance from the leaf surface. Attribution required knowledge of the optical dimensions of features on the leaf surface. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,REMOTE SENSING RES LAB,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. NR 29 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 16 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 88 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb01753.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LH314 UT WOS:A1993LH31400001 ER PT J AU ELLIGER, CA WAISS, AC BENSON, M WONG, RY AF ELLIGER, CA WAISS, AC BENSON, M WONG, RY TI ERGOSTANOIDS FROM PETUNIA-INFLATA SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PETUNIA-INFLATA; SOLANACEAE; PHYTOSTEROLS; PETUNIASTERONES; PETUNIOLIDES; PETUNIANINES; INSECT RESISTANCE ID VILM SOLANACEAE; PETUNIASTERONES; STEROIDS; HYBRIDA; PARODII; NMR AB Leaves of Petunia inflata gave the following new steroids: (22R, 24S)-1alpha-acetoxy-24, 25-epoxy-7alpha-hydroxy-22-nicotinoyloxyergost-4-en-3-one (petuniasterone B 22-nicotinate), (22R, 24S)-1alpha-acetoxy-7alpha,22-dinicotinoyloxy-24, 25-epoxyergost-4-en-3-one (petuniasterone B 7, 22-dinicotinate), (22R, 24S)-7alpha,22-diacetoxy-24, 25-epoxyergosta-1,4-dien-3-one (petuniasterone C 7,22-diacetate), (22R, 24S)-24, 25-epoxy-7alpha-hydroxy-22-nicotinoyloxyergosta-1, 4-dien-3-one (petuniasterone C 22-nicotinate), (22R, 24S)-7alpha-acetoxy-24,25-epoxy-22-nicotinoyloxyergosta-1, 4-dien-3-one (petuniasterone C 7-acetate-22-nicotinate), (22R, 24S)-7alpha, 22-dinicotinoyloxy-24, 25-epoxyergosta-1,4-dien-3-one (petuniasterone C 7, 22-dinicotinate), (22R, 24R)-1alpha-acetoxy-7alpha,22,24,25-tetrahydroxyergost-4-en-3-one 22,24,25-orthoacetate (petuniasterone S), (22R, 24R)-1alpha-acetoxy-7alpha,22,24,25-tetrahydroxyergost-4-en-3-one 22,24,25-orthonicotinate (petunianine C). Those compounds having 1alpha-acetoxy groups are easily converted into the A-ring dienones by mild base. Orthoester and other side chain derivatives may be formed from the 24, 25-epoxides upon acid treatment. RP ELLIGER, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAY PY 1993 VL 33 IS 2 BP 471 EP 477 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(93)85542-Y PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA LE354 UT WOS:A1993LE35400041 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, KB STOCKWELL, VO BURGETT, DM SUGAR, D LOPER, JE AF JOHNSON, KB STOCKWELL, VO BURGETT, DM SUGAR, D LOPER, JE TI DISPERSAL OF ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA AND PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS BY HONEY-BEES FROM HIVES TO APPLE AND PEAR BLOSSOMS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID FIRE BLIGHT; STREPTOMYCIN; RESISTANCE; HERBICOLA; STIGMA AB Ability of honey bees (Apis mellifera) to disperse the fire blight pathogen, Erwinia amylovora strain 153nal(R), and Pseudomonas fluorescens strain PfA506, a biocontrol agent for fire blight, from their hives to pistilate surfaces of pome fruit blossoms was investigated. Two hives, one to disperse Ea153nal(R) and the other to disperse PfA506, were placed in an apple orchard of cultivar Rome (1990 and 1991) or Golden Delicious (1992) during bloom. Pollen inserts were attached to each hive, which forced the bees to walk through a freeze-dried preparation of either bacterium as they exited. PfA506 inoculum contained 10(10) to 10(11) colony-forming units per gram (cfu/g) and was dispersed at 10(5) to 10(6) cfu/bee. Inoculum of Ea153nal(R) contained 10(9) to 10(11) cfu/g and was dispersed at 10(4) to 10(6) cfu per bee. In several experiments, a lognormal distribution described the variation in density of bacterial cfu/g bee. Each year, apple blossoms were sampled at various distances from the hives. Maximum frequency of recovery of PfA506 in sampled blossoms ranged from 23 (1990) to 81% (1991). Detection of Ea153nal(R) in blossoms was more variable, ranging from < 1 (1990) to 72% (1992). In experiments on pear, a single beehive was placed in a planting of 40 16-yr-old pear trees of cultivar Bartlett enclosed within a cage constructed of 30% shade cloth. Bees within the enclosed area were inoculated with freeze-dried Ea153nal(R) as they exited the hive through a pollen insert. Maximum detection of Ea153nal(R) in blossoms was 41% in 1991 and 27% in 1992. Incidence of fire blight was 9 and 41% of blossom clusters in 1991 and 1992, respectively. Among all experiments, the estimated efficiency of bees as bacterial vectors averaged 20 blossoms per hour of foraging activity. Use of honey bees to disperse bacteria should prove valuable as a method to inoculate flowers of pome fruits with F. amylovora, and to study ecology of bacterial epiphytes within conventionally managed orchards. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,SO OREGON EXPT STN,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,MEDFORD,OR 97502. RP JOHNSON, KB (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 19 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1993 VL 83 IS 5 BP 478 EP 484 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-478 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LE132 UT WOS:A1993LE13200002 ER PT J AU AGOSTINI, JP GOTTWALD, TR TIMMER, LW AF AGOSTINI, JP GOTTWALD, TR TIMMER, LW TI TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DYNAMICS OF POSTBLOOM FRUIT DROP OF CITRUS IN FLORIDA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLLETOTRICHUM-GLOEOSPORIOIDES; DISEASE PROGRESS AB Temporal progress of postbloom fruit drop of citrus in Florida was studied in four experimental plots of 25-81 3- to 4-yr-old trees of Valencia sweet orange in Gainesville and Lake Alfred and of Pineapple sweet orange and Ruby Red grapefruit in Hastings. Blossoms of central focal trees in each plot were inoculated with the slow-growing orange strain of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Incidence of trees and of open blossoms with postbloom fruit drop was monitored over time. Directionality of spread from a point source was measured in four contiguous quadrants of each plot. Disease gradients were estimated on four transects radiating from a central focal tree. Disease increased in intensity and spread in space following rain events in all four plots. The temporal increase of postbloom fruit drop expressed as proportion of affected trees or blossoms was fit better by a Gompertz model than by linear, monomolecular, logistic, or exponential models. Rate parameters of 0.05, 0.11, 0.05, and 0.04 gompits/day for disease incidence on trees and 0.07, 0.05, 0.04, and 0.02 gompits/day for disease incidence on flowers were found for the Gainesville, Lake Alfred, Hastings-sweet orange, and Hastings-grapefruit, respectively. Directional spread was apparent in Lake Alfred and spread was associated with a single rain event accompanied by northerly winds. Little indication of directionality in spread of disease was noted in the other three plots. There was some evidence of development of secondary foci in some plots. Spread appeared to be primarily by windblown rain. C1 USDA ARS,US HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RP AGOSTINI, JP (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,IFAS,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,700 EXPT STN RD,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850, USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1993 VL 83 IS 5 BP 485 EP 490 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-485 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LE132 UT WOS:A1993LE13200003 ER PT J AU EVERTS, KL LEATH, S AF EVERTS, KL LEATH, S TI EFFECT OF TRIADIMENOL SEED TREATMENT AND TIMING OF FOLIAR FUNGICIDE APPLICATIONS ON ONSET AND EXTENT OF POWDERY MILDEW AND LEAF RUST EPIDEMICS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; DISEASE SEVERITY; NORTH-CAROLINA; YIELD AB Powdery mildew and leaf rust occur yearly in wheat-growing areas of the southeastern United States. However, the time of onset and peak severity differ between diseases, and consequently, wheat plants are subject to disease stress throughout a long period of the growing season. Three cultivars of winter wheat varying in their level of disease resistance and either seed treated with triadimenol or untreated were planted at Kinston and Plymouth, NC, during the fall of 1989 and 1990. Plots received foliar fungicide applications at different times during the two growing seasons to determine how cultivar, seed treatment, and time of foliar fungicide application affected development and severity of powdery mildew and leaf rust, yield components, and yield. The extent of mildew and leaf rust and their impact on yield components and yield varied between environments. At Kinston, where both powdery mildew and leaf rust were severe during 1989-1990 and 1990-1991, mildew positively influenced tiller number, and rust influenced 500-kernel weight and number of seeds per head. Powdery mildew was present only at low levels at Plymouth; leaf rust reduced 500-kernel weight and yield. Seed treatment reduced the extent of powdery mildew in all environments and reduced leaf rust at Kinston during 1989-1990 and at Plymouth during 1990-1991. When seed was treated with triadimenol, the optimum time of foliar fungicide application for maximum yield response was delayed in six of nine cultivar X environment combinations. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 1993 VL 83 IS 5 BP 557 EP 562 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-557 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LE132 UT WOS:A1993LE13200016 ER PT J AU QURESH, Z JAN, CC GULYA, TJ AF QURESH, Z JAN, CC GULYA, TJ TI RESISTANCE TO SUNFLOWER RUST AND ITS INHERITANCE IN WILD SUNFLOWER SPECIES SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS; HELIANTHUS-ARGOPHYLLUS; HELIANTHUS-PETIOLARIS; PUCCINIA-HELIANTHI; RUST RACES; INTERSPECIFIC CROSSES AB Resistance to the prevailing races of sunflower rust, Puccinia helianthi Schw., is lacking in the commercial hybrids (Helianthus annuus L.). The objective of this study was to identify new sources of resistance to the four North American rust races in wild Helianthus species, and to determine their mode of inheritance. Seventy-eight accessions of H. annuus L., H. argophyllus Torrey and Gray, and H. petiolaris Nutt. were evaluated in the greenhouse. Resistance to races 1, 2, 3, and 4 was observed in 25, 28, 15, and 26% of the plants, respectively, and 10% of the plants were resistant to all four races. Seven accessions that had a high percentage of resistant plants to all the four races were selected and one resistant plant from each accession was crossed with susceptible inbred line HA89. Three to four F1 plants resistant to all four races from each cross were backcrossed with HA89. F1 plants from PI 413118 x HA89 and PI 413175 x HA89 were resistant to all four races. The PI 413023 x HA89 F1 plants were 100 % resistant to races 3 and 4 and segregated in a 3 : 1 resistant (R) to susceptible (S) ratio to races 1 and 2. The other four F, combinations segregated 3R : 1S ratios to all four races. BC1F1 progenies revealed that plants from PI 413048, PI 413037, PI 413038, and PI 413171 used in the crosses possessed two dominant genes in heterozygous condition for resistance to each of the four races, whereas plants from PI 413023 possessed two dominant genes in heterozygous condition for resistance to each of races 1 and 2, and one dominant resistance gene in homozygous condition for each of races 3 and 4. Plants from PI 413118 and PI 413175 carried a single dominant gene in homozygous condition for resistance against each of the four races. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FARGO,ND 58105. RP QURESH, Z (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & WEED SCI,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 110 IS 4 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00593.x PG 10 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA LP982 UT WOS:A1993LP98200005 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, VJ SPURR, HW AF ELLIOTT, VJ SPURR, HW TI TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF CHLOROTHALONIL RESIDUES ON PEANUT FOLIAGE AND THE INFLUENCE OF WEATHER FACTORS AND PLANT-GROWTH SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POTATO FOLIAGE; MODEL AB The persistence of chlorothalonil residues on foliage of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivar Florigiant was evaluated under field conditions. Chlorothalonil (Bravo 720) was applied at 1.26 kg a.i./ha with a boom sprayer. The results of seven trials over 3 yr yielded an average decay rate of -0.051 mug/cm2 per day, with values ranging from -0.093 to -0.036. This corresponds to a mean half-life of 13.6 days, with values ranging from 7 to 19 days. Decay rates increased with increasing rainfall. No influence of temperature on decay rates could be detected. A simulation model was developed to examine the effects of new leaf emergence on the measurement of residue dynamics. With the diluting influence of new leaf emergence, apparent residue half-life decreased from a true half-life of 13.6 days to 6.4 days. The model also demonstrated that because of new leaf emergence, significant amounts of unprotected foliage developed during the interval between successive fungicide applications. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP ELLIOTT, VJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,BOX 1168,OXFORD,NC 27695, USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 77 IS 5 BP 455 EP 460 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD183 UT WOS:A1993LD18300004 ER PT J AU PORTER, DM ADAMSEN, FJ AF PORTER, DM ADAMSEN, FJ TI EFFECT OF SODIC WATER AND IRRIGATION ON SODIUM-LEVELS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY LEAF-SPOT IN PEANUTS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID YIELD AB Concentrations of sodium in plant tissues and soil, and the severity and incidence of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola), were influenced by water quality (sodic or nonsodic water) and method of irrigation (sprinkle or trickle). Mean Na levels were always higher in tissues (leaf, stem, root, and seed) of plants receiving sprinkle-applied deep-well water containing an average Na concentration of 220 mg L-1 and a sodium absorption ratio (SAR) of 103, than in plots receiving sprinkle-applied shallow-well water containing an average Na concentration of 4.8 mg L-1 and an SAR of 3.1. Na levels also were usually higher in tissues of sprinkle-irrigated than of trickle-irrigated plants. Na in root tissues generally was highest in sprinkle-irrigated plants receiving sodic water. Soil Na was higher in plots receiving sodic water; irrigation method (sprinkle or trickle) did not influence soil Na. The incidence and severity (percentage of defoliation, diseased leaflets, and number of lesions per leaflet) of early leaf spot was usually greater in sprinkle-irrigated plants and in plants receiving sodic water. The mean percentages of diseased leaflets, defoliation, and number of lesions per leaflet were 25, 60, and 35% greater, respectively, in plants receiving sodic irrigation water than in plants receiving nonsodic water. C1 US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP PORTER, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,TIDEWATER AGR EXPT STN,SUFFOLK,VA 23437, USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 77 IS 5 BP 480 EP 483 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD183 UT WOS:A1993LD18300010 ER PT J AU CULBREATH, AK BRENNEMAN, TB CHANDLER, D SUMNER, HR AF CULBREATH, AK BRENNEMAN, TB CHANDLER, D SUMNER, HR TI CHEMIGATION AND GROUND-SPRAY APPLICATIONS OF CYPROCONAZOLE FOR CONTROL OF LATE LEAF-SPOT OF PEANUT SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POD YIELDS; IRRIGATION; DISEASES AB In field experiments conducted during 1990 and 1991, chemigation applications of the ergosterol biosynthesis inhibiting fungicide cyproconazole (0.112 kg a.i./ha) were equal to or better than ground-spray applications of cyproconazole or chlorothalonil (1.26 kg a.i./ha) for control of late leaf spot, caused by Cercosporidium personatum, on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars Florunner and Southern Runner. Late-season leaf spot epidemics and resulting defoliation were severe in nontreated plots in both years. All fungicide treatments provided similar levels of control in 1990. Leaf spot was less severe on plants treated with cyproconazole by chemigation than on those treated with chlorothalonil by ground sprays in 1991. Within cultivars, yields for all three fungicide treatments were similar and were higher than in nontreated plots in both years. Yield of Southern Runner was higher than that of Florunner for all treatments in 1990 and in nontreated plots in 1991. C1 USDA,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,COASTAL PLAIN EXPTL STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP CULBREATH, AK (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 77 IS 5 BP 505 EP 507 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD183 UT WOS:A1993LD18300017 ER PT J AU SHINE, JM COMSTOCK, JC AF SHINE, JM COMSTOCK, JC TI DIGITAL IMAGE-ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING TISSUE-BLOT IMMUNOASSAY RESULTS FOR RATOON STUNTING DISEASE OF SUGARCANE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB A digital image analysis system (DIAS) was evaluated for enumerating colonized vascular bundles (CVB) from membranes resulting from the tissue-blot immunoassay (TBIA) of sugarcane clones being screened for resistance to ratoon stunting disease. Fourteen sugarcane clones were inoculated, transplanted to the field, grown to maturity, and sampled in a prescribed manner for TBIA. Tissue blots were developed, and immunoassayed membranes were counted by both DIAS and the standard visual method. The correlation between mean CVB for clones determined by DIAS vs. visual counting was statistically significant (r = 0.90). DIAS is quicker than visual counting and eliminates problems related to operator bias and fatigue. The number of samples evaluated during an 8-hr period was 1,200-1,350 using DIAS vs. 450-600 using visual counting techniques. C1 USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438. RP SHINE, JM (reprint author), FLORIDA SUGAR CANE LEAGUE,CANAL POINT,FL 33438, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 77 IS 5 BP 511 EP 513 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD183 UT WOS:A1993LD18300019 ER PT J AU DUNBAR, KB PINNOW, DL MORRIS, JB PITTMAN, RN AF DUNBAR, KB PINNOW, DL MORRIS, JB PITTMAN, RN TI VIRUS ELIMINATION FROM INTERSPECIFIC ARACHIS HYBRIDS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PEANUT MOTTLE VIRUS; TIP CULTURE; GERM PLASM; THERMOTHERAPY; CHEMOTHERAPY; MERISTEMS; HYPOGAEA; SEED AB Some germ plasm collections of Arachis species and hybrids are maintained vegetatively. This study was conducted to develop protocols to eliminate virus from vegetatively maintained peanut. The culture of shoot meristems was effective for virus elimination from interspecific Arachis hybrids. Peanut mottle virus (PMV), peanut stripe virus (PStV), and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) were not detected by DAS-ELISA in any plants regenerated from meristems treated with thermotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy. Only 2.0% of the plants regenerated from untreated meristems contained PMV, and none contained PStV or TSWV. Shoot tip culture was not as effective as meristem culture for elimination of PMV. Plants regenerated from untreated shoot tips (1 cm long) of Arachis hybrids remained infected with PMV, whereas 38% of the plants regenerated from shoot tips treated with thermotherapy plus chemotherapy were infected with PMV. Arachis hybrids were more readily freed of TSWV and PStV than of PMV. Meristem culture, thermotherapy, and chemotherapy were not required for elimination of TSWV and PStV, and plants regenerated from untreated shoot tips were free of these viruses. C1 USDA ARS,SAA,REG PLANT INTRODUCT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 77 IS 5 BP 517 EP 520 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD183 UT WOS:A1993LD18300021 ER PT J AU SMILEY, RW GILLESPIESASSE, LM COLLINS, HP UDDIN, W STOLTZ, MA AF SMILEY, RW GILLESPIESASSE, LM COLLINS, HP UDDIN, W STOLTZ, MA TI PHYSIOLOGICAL LEAF-SPOT OF WINTER-WHEAT SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; PATHOGENS AB A leaf spot of unknown etiology damages winter wheat in the northwestern United States. The symptoms are similar to Septoria leaf blotch and tan spot, but the causal agents of these diseases are not present. Leaf spot symptoms are described. Dominant microbial colonists of the spots were Cladosporium herbarum, C. macrocarpum, C. cladosporioides, and Alternaria species. Leaf spot symptoms could not be induced on fresh leaf tissues with any of the inoculation or incubation procedures examined. Fungicides toxic in vitro to the dominant fungal colonists failed to suppress disease or increase grain yields in field experiments. Regression analyses of leaf spot severity and yield indicated that leaf spot reduced yield potential by 10% during each of 2 yr. No evidence is presented to indicate that this leaf spot is of microbial origin. Retention of the name physiologic leaf spot is suggested. C1 USDA AGR,COLUMBIA PLATEAU CONSERVAT RES CTR,PENDLETON,OR 97801. OREGON STATE UNIV,UMATILLA CTY EXTENS SERV,PENDLETON,OR 97801. RP SMILEY, RW (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,COLUMBIA BASIN AGR RES CTR,POB 370,PENDLETON,OR 97801, USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 77 IS 5 BP 521 EP 527 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD183 UT WOS:A1993LD18300022 ER PT J AU HIMMEL, PT DOMIER, LL HEWINGS, AD AF HIMMEL, PT DOMIER, LL HEWINGS, AD TI USE OF BIOTINYLATED RNA PROBES AND ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS TO DETECT SOILBORNE WHEAT MOSAIC-VIRUS IN FIELD-GROWN RED WINTER-WHEAT SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note RP HIMMEL, PT (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 77 IS 5 BP 536 EP 536 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD183 UT WOS:A1993LD18300028 ER PT J AU GRISHAM, MP LEGENDRE, BL COMSTOCK, C AF GRISHAM, MP LEGENDRE, BL COMSTOCK, C TI 1ST REPORT OF LEAF SCALD, CAUSED BY XANTHOMONAS-ALBILINEANS, OF SUGARCANE IN LOUISIANA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note C1 USDA ARS,SUGARCANE FIELD STN,CANAL POINT,FL 33438. RP GRISHAM, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 77 IS 5 BP 537 EP 537 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD183 UT WOS:A1993LD18300031 ER PT J AU DUNLAP, JR ROBACKER, KM AF DUNLAP, JR ROBACKER, KM TI SUPPRESSION OF WOUND-INDUCED ETHYLENE PRODUCTION IN MUSKMELON FRUIT TISSUE AFTER VACUUM INFILTRATION WITH AQUEOUS BUFFER SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE CUCUMIS-MELO; WOUNDING; ETHYLENE SYNTHESIS; ACC OXIDASE; ACC ID 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; BIOSYNTHESIS; AMINOETHOXYVINYLGLYCINE; METHIONINE; CANTALOUPE AB Buffered solutions are used commonly to introduce chemical inhibitors and promoters of ethylene synthesis into plant tissues. Vacuum infiltration of preclimacteric muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit tissue with a buffer (50 mM MES, pH 6.1) immediately after excision inhibited the wound-induced increase in ethylene production, but it did not suppress the accumulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) during the 48 h following injury. The inhibition of ethylene production by infiltration was not reversed by treatment with ACC. If the injured tissue was allowed to age for 3 h before treatment, wound-induced ethylene production in tissue samples was not inhibited by vacuum infiltration with aqueous buffer. The results indicate that infiltration of melon fruit tissue with a liquid medium does not block the development of wound-induced ethylene production by either limiting ACC or inhibiting the ongoing conversion of ACC to ethylene. Liquid infiltration of the tissue appears to interfere with the initiation of physiological events during the first 3 h after wounding that are critical for the subsequent conversion of ACC to ethylene. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP DUNLAP, JR (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,2415 E HWY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 111 EP 116 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LG830 UT WOS:A1993LG83000016 ER PT J AU WEISEMANN, JM MATTHEWS, BF AF WEISEMANN, JM MATTHEWS, BF TI IDENTIFICATION AND EXPRESSION OF A CDNA FROM DAUCUS-CAROTA ENCODING A BIFUNCTIONAL ASPARTOKINASE-HOMOSERINE DEHYDROGENASE SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ASPARTOKINASE; HOMOSERINE DEHYDROGENASE; CDNA; CARROT; CHLOROPLAST; GENE ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE; THREONINE; CLONING AB Aspartokinase (EC 2.7.2.4) and homoserine dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.3) catalyze steps in the pathway for the synthesis of lysine, threonine, and methionine from aspartate. Homoserine dehydrogenase was purified from carrot (Daucus carota L.) cell cultures and portions of it were subjected to amino acid sequencing. Oligonucleotides deduced from the amino acid sequences were used as primers in a polymerase chain reaction to amplify a DNA fragment using DNA derived from carrot cell culture mRNA as template. The amplification product was radiolabelled and used as a probe to identify cDNA clones from libraries derived from carrot cell culture and root RNA. Two overlapping clones were isolated. Together the cDNA clones delineate a 3089 bp long sequence encompassing an open reading frame encoding 921 amino acids, including the mature protein and a long chloroplast transit peptide. The deduced amino acid sequence has high homology with the Escherichia coli proteins aspartokinase 1-homoserine dehydrogenase I and aspartokinase II-homoserine dehydrogenase II. Like the E. coli genes the isolated carrot cDNA appears to encode a bifunctional aspartokinase-homoserine dehydrogenase enzyme. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 22 IS 2 BP 301 EP 312 DI 10.1007/BF00014937 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA LF666 UT WOS:A1993LF66600011 PM 8507831 ER PT J AU PERLAK, FJ STONE, TB MUSKOPF, YM PETERSEN, LJ PARKER, GB MCPHERSON, SA WYMAN, J LOVE, S REED, G BIEVER, D FISCHHOFF, DA AF PERLAK, FJ STONE, TB MUSKOPF, YM PETERSEN, LJ PARKER, GB MCPHERSON, SA WYMAN, J LOVE, S REED, G BIEVER, D FISCHHOFF, DA TI GENETICALLY IMPROVED POTATOES - PROTECTION FROM DAMAGE BY COLORADO POTATO BEETLES SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS VAR TENEBRIONIS; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; INSECT CONTROL; INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT; TRANSGENIC PLANTS ID THURINGIENSIS VAR TENEBRIONIS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PROTEIN GENE; PLANT GENES; TRANSFORMATION; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION; PROMOTER AB Russet Burbank potato plants have been genetically improved to resist insect attack and damage by Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Sav)) by the insertion of a cryIIIA gene encoding the insect control protein of Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis. A modified gene that dramatically improved plant expression of this protein was utilized. Its expression in Russet Burbank potato plants resulted in protection from damage by all insect stages in the laboratory and in dramatic levels of protection at multiple field locations. Analysis of these genetically modified potatoes indicated that they conform to the standards for Russet Burbank potatoes in terms of agronomic and quality characteristics including taste. C1 USDA ARS,YAKIMA AGR RES LAB,YAKIMA,WA 98902. OREGON STATE UNIV,HERMISTON AGR RES CTR,HERMISTON,OR 97838. UNIV WISCONSIN,COLL AGR & LIFE SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV ALABAMA,CTR AIDS RES,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV IDAHO,CTR RES & EXTENS,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. RP PERLAK, FJ (reprint author), MONSANTO CO,AGR GRP,700 CHESTERFIELD VILLAGE PKWY,CHESTERFIELD,MO 63198, USA. NR 32 TC 229 Z9 249 U1 2 U2 32 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 22 IS 2 BP 313 EP 321 DI 10.1007/BF00014938 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA LF666 UT WOS:A1993LF66600012 PM 8507832 ER PT J AU HUBER, SC HUBER, JL MCMICHAEL, RW REDINBAUGH, MG CAMPBELL, WH AF HUBER, SC HUBER, JL MCMICHAEL, RW REDINBAUGH, MG CAMPBELL, WH TI REGULATION OF KEY ENZYMES OF C-METABOLISM AND N-METABOLISM BY PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,PHYTOTECHNOL RES CTR,HOUGHTON,MI 49931. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000009 ER PT J AU VANCE, CP GANTT, JS AF VANCE, CP GANTT, JS TI PRIMARY ASSIMILATION OF NITROGEN IN LEGUME NODULES AND ROOTS, INTERMINGLING WITH CARBON ASSIMILATION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON PLANT GENET,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000013 ER PT J AU CHOUREY, PS TALIERCIO, EW IM, KH AF CHOUREY, PS TALIERCIO, EW IM, KH TI SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (SPS) IN DEVELOPING KERNELS OF MAIZE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000023 ER PT J AU KALAITZIS, P TUCKER, ML AF KALAITZIS, P TUCKER, ML TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A CDNA CLONE FOR A TOMATO, ABSCISSION-SPECIFIC POLYGALACTURONASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 10 EP 10 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000046 ER PT J AU LEE, HJ DUKE, SO AF LEE, HJ DUKE, SO TI DIFFERENTIAL-EFFECTS OF ACIFLUORFEN-METHYL, REDUCTANTS, AND QUINONES ON PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASES FROM PLASTIDS AND PLASMA-MEMBRANES FROM ETIOLATED BARLEY LEAVES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000056 ER PT J AU HUGHES, CA MATTHEWS, BF AF HUGHES, CA MATTHEWS, BF TI EXPRESSION OF SOYBEAN A ASPARAGINE SYNTHETASE GENE IN ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12 SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000081 ER PT J AU POLZIN, KM SHOEMAKER, RC AF POLZIN, KM SHOEMAKER, RC TI GENETIC REARRANGEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF REPEATED SEQUENCES SURROUNDING DUPLICATE A71 LOCI IN SOYBEAN SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FCR,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL GENET,AMES,IA 50011. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000083 ER PT J AU SILK, GW MATTHEWS, BF AF SILK, GW MATTHEWS, BF TI CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF THE SOYBEAN LYSINE PATHWAY GENE DAPA SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000082 ER PT J AU GARVIN, DF KOCHIAN, LV CHILCOTT, T LUCAS, WJ AF GARVIN, DF KOCHIAN, LV CHILCOTT, T LUCAS, WJ TI MOLECULAR AND BIOPHYSICAL ANALYSIS OF PLANT K+ TRANSPORTERS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,BOT SECT,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000102 ER PT J AU KOCHIAN, LV WELCH, RM NORVELL, WA SCHAEFER, SC SHAFF, JE AF KOCHIAN, LV WELCH, RM NORVELL, WA SCHAEFER, SC SHAFF, JE TI CONTROL OF IRON(III) AND COPPER(II) REDUCTION IN PEA ROOTS BY FE AND CU STATUS - DOES THE ROOT-CELL PLASMALEMMA FE(III)-CHELATE REDUCTASE PERFORM A GENERAL ROLE IN REGULATING CATION UPTAKE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000103 ER PT J AU HSU, LC CHIOU, TJ CHEN, LS BUSH, DR AF HSU, LC CHIOU, TJ CHEN, LS BUSH, DR TI CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A PLANT PROTON-AMINO-ACID SYMPORT BY FUNCTIONAL COMPLEMENTATION OF A YEAST AMINO-ACID-TRANSPORT MUTANT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000108 ER PT J AU HUANG, JW GRUNES, DL KOCHIAN, LV AF HUANG, JW GRUNES, DL KOCHIAN, LV TI CALCIUM-TRANSPORT IN RIGHT-SIDE-OUT PLASMA-MEMBRANE VESICLES OF WHEAT ROOTS - CHARACTERIZATION OF VOLTAGE-GATED CALCIUM CHANNELS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000106 ER PT J AU NINGLI MATTOO, AK AF NINGLI MATTOO, AK TI DELETION OF THE COOH-TERMINUS RESULTS IN A MORE ACTIVE, MONOMERIC 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000112 ER PT J AU KOEHLER, S MATTERS, G TUCKER, M AF KOEHLER, S MATTERS, G TUCKER, M TI PROMOTER ANALYSIS OF AN ETHYLENE-INDUCIBLE BEAN ABSCISSION CELLULASE GENE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC W,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. BROWN UNIV,DIV BIOL & MED,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 25 EP 25 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000127 ER PT J AU VIGIL, EL FANG, TK AF VIGIL, EL FANG, TK TI CHANGE IN PEPTIDASE(S) ACTIVITY OF AXES DURING 1ST 24 HR OF COTTON SEED-GERMINATION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000136 ER PT J AU LAZOF, DB RUFTY, TW MACKOWN, CT GOLDSMITH, JG LINTON, RW AF LAZOF, DB RUFTY, TW MACKOWN, CT GOLDSMITH, JG LINTON, RW TI ANALYSIS OF ROOT FUNCTION INSITU AT THE TISSUE AND CELL LEVELS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. USDA ARS,OXFORD,NC 27565. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT CHEM,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000142 ER PT J AU WEEKS, JT ANDERSON, OD BLECHL, AE AF WEEKS, JT ANDERSON, OD BLECHL, AE TI WHEAT TRANSFORMATION THROUGH MICROPROJECTILE BOMBARDMENT - EFFECTIVE SELECTION AND REGENERATION PROTOCOLS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000150 ER PT J AU DAVIDONIS, GH AF DAVIDONIS, GH TI COTTON OVULE CULTURE - A TOOL FOR THE STUDY OF ASSIMILATE PARTITIONING SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 33 EP 33 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000165 ER PT J AU LU, ZM RADIN, JW PERCY, RG ZEIGER, E AF LU, ZM RADIN, JW PERCY, RG ZEIGER, E TI STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE AND LEAF COOLING AS A BASIS FOR GENETIC HEAT ADAPTATION OF PIMA COTTON SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT BIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. USDA ARS,W COTTON RES LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. USDA ARS,PIMA COTTON & GENET,MARICOPA,AZ 85239. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 34 EP 34 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000174 ER PT J AU POTTER, JR AF POTTER, JR TI EFFECTS OF SUPERABUNDANT LEAF STARCH AND SUCROSE ON LEAF EXPANSION IN PEA-SEEDLINGS EXPOSED TO HIGH CO2 SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 41 EP 41 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000206 ER PT J AU SUN, ZT DUKE, SH HENSON, CA AF SUN, ZT DUKE, SH HENSON, CA TI PEA CHLOROPLAST ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 45 EP 45 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000234 ER PT J AU CHEN, HJ KIM, JK SOLOMOS, T GROSS, KC AF CHEN, HJ KIM, JK SOLOMOS, T GROSS, KC TI PURIFICATION OF ALPHA-RHAMNOSIDASE FROM NARINGINASE FOR USE IN ASSAYING RHAMNOGALACTURONASE ACTIVITY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 46 EP 46 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000240 ER PT J AU STARRETT, DA GROSS, KC AF STARRETT, DA GROSS, KC TI PARTIAL-PURIFICATION OF ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE, BETA-GALACTOSIDASE AND ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE FROM RIPENING TOMATO FRUIT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 49 EP 49 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000258 ER PT J AU VICK, BA AF VICK, BA TI HYDROPEROXIDE LYASE IN SUNFLOWER SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 49 EP 49 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000257 ER PT J AU ZHANG, NY JONES, BL AF ZHANG, NY JONES, BL TI PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A CYSTEINE ENDOPROTEINASE FROM GERMINATED BARLEY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA,ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 49 EP 49 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000253 ER PT J AU ABELES, FB BRADY, C NICKERSON, M AF ABELES, FB BRADY, C NICKERSON, M TI ENZYMOLOGY OF PEACH FRUIT SOFTENING - MULTIPLE FORMS OF 1,4-BETA-GLUCANASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,AFRS,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. CSIRO,DIV HORT,N RYDE,NSW 2113,AUSTRALIA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 50 EP 50 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000264 ER PT J AU WISE, RR HENSON, CA DUKE, SH AF WISE, RR HENSON, CA DUKE, SH TI FURTHER-STUDIES ON ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITIES ASSOCIATED WITH WASHED BARLEY LEAF STARCH GRANULES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 53 EP 53 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000279 ER PT J AU CAMERON, RG NIEDZ, RP GROHMANN, K AF CAMERON, RG NIEDZ, RP GROHMANN, K TI VARIABLE HEAT-STABILITY FOR MULTIPLE FORMS OF PECTIN-METHYLESTERASE FROM CITRUS TISSUE-CULTURE CELLS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,CITRUS S SUBTROP PROD LAB,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883. USDA,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 54 EP 54 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000285 ER PT J AU TURANO, FJ UPADHYAYA, A AF TURANO, FJ UPADHYAYA, A TI CHARACTERIZATION OF GLUTAMATE-DEHYDROGENASE ISOFORMS FROM GERMINATING SOYBEANS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 54 EP 54 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000283 ER PT J AU PLAISANCE, KL GRONWALD, JW AF PLAISANCE, KL GRONWALD, JW TI CHARACTERIZATION OF 2 GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE ISOZYMES FROM FLUXOFENIM-TREATED SORGHUM SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 56 EP 56 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000300 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, DL MILLER, SS VANCE, CP AF ROBINSON, DL MILLER, SS VANCE, CP TI THE EFFECT OF LIGHT ON EXPRESSION OF A PLASTID-LOCALIZED ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE IN MEDICAGO-SATIVA L SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 57 EP 57 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000301 ER PT J AU HO, I LUOMA, D TRAPPE, J AF HO, I LUOMA, D TRAPPE, J TI EXTRACELLULAR PHYTOHORMONES PRODUCED BY SPECIES OF RHIZOPOGON SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,PAC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 59 EP 59 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000317 ER PT J AU YUNOVITZ, H GROSS, KC AF YUNOVITZ, H GROSS, KC TI DELAY OF RIPENING BY AN OLIGOMANNOSIDE N-GLYCAN - INTERACTIONS WITH IAA, GALACTOSE, AND LECTINS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 59 EP 59 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000315 ER PT J AU KULECK, GA COHEN, JD AF KULECK, GA COHEN, JD TI AN INDOLE-3-ACETYL-AMINO ACID HYDROLYTIC ENZYME FROM CARROT CELLS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 60 EP 60 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000324 ER PT J AU TAM, YY SLOVIN, JP COHEN, JD AF TAM, YY SLOVIN, JP COHEN, JD TI CHARACTERIZATION OF 2 TRYPTOPHAN ANALOG RESISTANT MUTANTS OF THE DUCKWEED, LEMNA-GIBBA G-3 SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 60 EP 60 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000321 ER PT J AU KING, JJ STIMART, DP COHEN, JD AF KING, JJ STIMART, DP COHEN, JD TI AN ARABIDOPSIS MUTANT CONTAINING ELEVATED CONCENTRATIONS OF IAA SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 61 EP 61 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000325 ER PT J AU RIBNICKY, DM COHEN, JD COOKE, TJ AF RIBNICKY, DM COHEN, JD COOKE, TJ TI CONTROL OF AUXIN METABOLISM IN RELATION TO CARROT SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 61 EP 61 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000326 ER PT J AU SLOVIN, JP DUNLAP, JR COHEN, JD AF SLOVIN, JP DUNLAP, JR COHEN, JD TI METABOLISM OF INDOLE-3-ACETIC-ACID BY TISSUES OF DEVELOPING MELON SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. TEXAS AGR RES STN,WESLACO,TX 78596. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 61 EP 61 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000327 ER PT J AU BANOWETZ, GM AF BANOWETZ, GM TI IMMUNOANALYSIS OF CIS-ZEATIN RIBOSIDE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 62 EP 62 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000333 ER PT J AU SUTTLE, JC AF SUTTLE, JC TI POTATO-TUBER DORMANCY - ROLE OF ENDOGENOUS ABA SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NCSL,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 63 EP 63 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000338 ER PT J AU WALKERSIMMONS, MK SCHAFMAN, BS ROSE, PA LEI, B ABRAMS, SR AF WALKERSIMMONS, MK SCHAFMAN, BS ROSE, PA LEI, B ABRAMS, SR TI USE OF ABA ANALOGS WITH MISSING METHYL-GROUPS TO PROBE THE STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS OF ABA FOR BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY IN WHEAT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PBI,NRC CANADA,SASKATOON S7N 0W9,SK,CANADA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 63 EP 63 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000340 ER PT J AU MARTIN, MN SAFTNER, RA AF MARTIN, MN SAFTNER, RA TI MALONYLATION OF 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID DURING DEVELOPMENT OF TOMATO FRUIT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000344 ER PT J AU SUN, YJ MADISON, JT SETTER, TL AF SUN, YJ MADISON, JT SETTER, TL TI MOLECULAR-CLONING OF CYCLIN FROM MAIZE (ZEA-MAYS L) ENDOSPERM SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 67 EP 67 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000365 ER PT J AU SALAZAR, RA TALIERCIO, EW MUHITCH, MJ CHOUREY, PS AF SALAZAR, RA TALIERCIO, EW MUHITCH, MJ CHOUREY, PS TI CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE CDNA FROM DEVELOPING MAIZE KERNELS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,NO REG RES CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 68 EP 68 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000372 ER PT J AU SNYDER, GW ESAU, BD OGREN, WL AF SNYDER, GW ESAU, BD OGREN, WL TI A COMPARISON OF RUBISCO ACTIVASE IN NICOTIANA-TABACUM, NICOTIANA-SYLVESTRIS, AND N-TOMENTOSIFORMIS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 68 EP 68 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000369 ER PT J AU GEBHARDT, JS WEISEMAN, JM MATTHEWS, BF AF GEBHARDT, JS WEISEMAN, JM MATTHEWS, BF TI MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF THE ASPARTATE KINASE-HOMOSERINE DEHYDROGENASE GENE FAMILY IN SOYBEAN SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000376 ER PT J AU MATTHEWS, BF MARMARAS, SM WADSWORTH, GJ AF MATTHEWS, BF MARMARAS, SM WADSWORTH, GJ TI THE SOYBEAN ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE GENE FAMILY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000377 ER PT J AU MILLER, SS GREGERSON, R VANCE, CP GANTT, JS AF MILLER, SS GREGERSON, R VANCE, CP GANTT, JS TI NADH-GLUTAMATE SYNTHASE IN MEDICAGO-SATIVA L NODULES - EXPRESSION AT THE MESSENGER-RNA LEVEL AND THE ISOLATION OF A COMPLETE GENOMIC CLONE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000373 ER PT J AU MUEHLBAUER, GJ SOMERS, DA MATTHEWS, BF GENGENBACH, BG AF MUEHLBAUER, GJ SOMERS, DA MATTHEWS, BF GENGENBACH, BG TI MOLECULAR-GENETICS OF MAIZE ASPARTATE KINASE-HOMOSERINE DEHYDROGENASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000374 ER PT J AU GREGERSON, RG MILLER, SS PETROWSKI, M GANTT, S VANCE, CP AF GREGERSON, RG MILLER, SS PETROWSKI, M GANTT, S VANCE, CP TI GENOMIC STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION OF THE ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE GENES OF ALFALFA SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 70 EP 70 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000379 ER PT J AU PATHIRANA, S VANCE, CP GANTT, JS AF PATHIRANA, S VANCE, CP GANTT, JS TI CHARACTERIZATION OF PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION IN ALFALFA ROOT-NODULES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. UNIV MINNESOTA,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 70 EP 70 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000382 ER PT J AU KWANYUEN, P WILSON, RF DEWEY, RE SETTLAGE, SB AF KWANYUEN, P WILSON, RF DEWEY, RE SETTLAGE, SB TI STRUCTURAL COMPARISON BETWEEN DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE AND OIL BODY ASSOCIATED PROTEIN SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 72 EP 72 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000395 ER PT J AU MARTIN, DJ SOMERS, DA RINES, HW GENGENBACH, BG AF MARTIN, DJ SOMERS, DA RINES, HW GENGENBACH, BG TI EXPRESSION OF OAT BETA-GLUCANASES DURING OAT KERNEL DEVELOPMENT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN. UNIV MINNESOTA,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000398 ER PT J AU SALCH, YP ALEXANDER, NJ KUO, TM AF SALCH, YP ALEXANDER, NJ KUO, TM TI CLONING AND SEQUENCING OF THE GALACTINOL SYNTHASE GENE FROM ZUCCHINI LEAVES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000399 ER PT J AU ESKINS, K FELKER, FC AF ESKINS, K FELKER, FC TI GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MAIZE KERNELS CULTURED INVITRO UNDER RED AND BLUE-LIGHT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 75 EP 75 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000414 ER PT J AU YAKLICH, RW HERMAN, EM AF YAKLICH, RW HERMAN, EM TI SOYBEAN ALEURONE CELLS ACCUMULATE AN ABUNDANT VACUOLAR XYLOGLYCOPROTEIN DURING SEED MATURATION SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYABEAN & ALFALFA LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 75 EP 75 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000412 ER PT J AU VERTUCCI, CW CRANE, J OELKE, EA AF VERTUCCI, CW CRANE, J OELKE, EA TI THE EFFECT OF MOISTURE-CONTENT AND TEMPERATURE ON THE VIABILITY OF ZIZANIA EMBRYOS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80521. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 76 EP 76 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000418 ER PT J AU FELKER, FC TALIERCIO, EW CHOUREY, PS MUHITCH, MJ AF FELKER, FC TALIERCIO, EW CHOUREY, PS MUHITCH, MJ TI LOCALIZATION OF A PEDICEL-SPECIFIC ISOFORM OF GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE IN MAIZE KERNELS USING A MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 77 EP 77 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000423 ER PT J AU HOLDEN, MJ NORMAN, HA BRITZ, SJ AF HOLDEN, MJ NORMAN, HA BRITZ, SJ TI SPECTRAL QUALITY DURING POD DEVELOPMENT AFFECTS 18/1-DESATURASE ACTIVITY IN SOYBEAN SEED ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,WEED SCI LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 77 EP 77 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000421 ER PT J AU LEE, ESJ GRONWALD, JW ORF, JH AF LEE, ESJ GRONWALD, JW ORF, JH TI ACETYL-COENZYME A CARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY IN DEVELOPING SOYBEAN SEEDS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 77 EP 77 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000422 ER PT J AU MUHITCH, MJ FELKER, FC AF MUHITCH, MJ FELKER, FC TI COMPARISON OF GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE ISOZYME PROFILES OF MAIZE ENDOSPERM-DERIVED CELL-CULTURES AND INTACT ENDOSPERM SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 77 EP 77 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000424 ER PT J AU DUKE, ER DOEHLERT, DC PRATT, RC AF DUKE, ER DOEHLERT, DC PRATT, RC TI HIGH-TEMPERATURE STRESS EFFECTS ON GENE-EXPRESSION AND ENZYME-ACTIVITY IN MAIZE KERNELS CULTURED INVITRO SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,PHYTOPROD RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. OHIO STATE UNIV,OARDC,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 78 EP 78 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000432 ER PT J AU CALDWELL, CR UPADHYAYA, A AF CALDWELL, CR UPADHYAYA, A TI MODIFICATION OF THERMAL SENSITIVITY OF CUCUMBER BY UV-B PRETREATMENT SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 79 EP 79 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000433 ER PT J AU BYRD, GT ORT, DR OGREN, WL AF BYRD, GT ORT, DR OGREN, WL TI EFFECT OF CHILLING STRESS ON LIGHT ACTIVATION OF RUBISCO BY RUBISCO ACTIVASE AND TOMATO THYLAKOID MEMBRANES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 80 EP 80 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000440 ER PT J AU WARNER, DA HOLADAY, AS BURKE, JJ AF WARNER, DA HOLADAY, AS BURKE, JJ TI METABOLIC RESPONSES TO LOW-TEMPERATURES IN COTTON SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST RES LAB,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. TEXAS TECH UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 80 EP 80 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000443 ER PT J AU WHITAKER, BD AF WHITAKER, BD TI LIPID CHANGES IN MATURE-GREEN TOMATO FRUIT DURING CHILLING AND REWARMING SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 80 EP 80 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000444 ER PT J AU XIE, WZ TROLINDER, NL HAIGLER, CH AF XIE, WZ TROLINDER, NL HAIGLER, CH TI BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF COTTON FIBER INITIATION AND ELONGATION TO CYCLING COOL TEMPERATURES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,BIOL SCI,LUBBOCK,TX 79409. USDA ARS,LUBBOCK,TX 79401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 80 EP 80 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000441 ER PT J AU JONES, TL ORT, DR AF JONES, TL ORT, DR TI THE EFFECT OF CHILLING TEMPERATURES ON THE PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATION OF ENZYMES INVOLVED IN CARBON METABOLISM IN TOMATO SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES GRP,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000445 ER PT J AU HARBAGE, JF WEISS, LS WHITAKER, B BAMBERG, JB PALTA, JP AF HARBAGE, JF WEISS, LS WHITAKER, B BAMBERG, JB PALTA, JP TI PLASMA-MEMBRANE FREE STEROL CONTENT IS INVERSELY CORRELATED WITH NONACCLIMATED FREEZING TOLERANCE AND INCREASED PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE IS CORRELATED WITH ACCLIMATION CAPACITY IN A SOLANUM POPULATION SEGREGATING FOR FREEZING TOLERANCE AND ACCLIMATION CAPACITY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC W,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 83 EP 83 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000462 ER PT J AU ARORA, R WISNIEWSKI, ME DAVIS, G AF ARORA, R WISNIEWSKI, ME DAVIS, G TI 60-KD POLYPEPTIDE IN COLD-ACCLIMATED BARK TISSUE OF PEACH IS HEAT-STABLE AND RELATED TO DEHYDRIN FAMILY OF PROTEINS SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 84 EP 84 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000466 ER PT J AU WEISS, LS WHITAKER, BD PALTA, JP AF WEISS, LS WHITAKER, BD PALTA, JP TI TEMPORAL CHANGES IN PLASMA-MEMBRANE LIPIDS DURING COLD-ACCLIMATION OF POTATO SPECIES DIFFERING IN ACCLIMATION CAPACITY SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BARC W,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 102 IS 1 SU S BP 84 EP 84 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA LD890 UT WOS:A1993LD89000463 ER EF