FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU LEE, DY PRASAD, AS HYDRICKADAIR, C BREWER, G JOHNSON, PE AF LEE, DY PRASAD, AS HYDRICKADAIR, C BREWER, G JOHNSON, PE TI HOMEOSTASIS OF ZINC IN MARGINAL HUMAN ZINC-DEFICIENCY - ROLE OF ABSORPTION AND ENDOGENOUS EXCRETION OF ZINC SO JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID KILLER CELL-ACTIVITY; YOUNG MEN; STABLE ISOTOPE; DISEASE; MODEL; RAT AB Although biochemical and immunologic aspects of mild or marginal human zinc deficiency have been well characterized, there is a paucity of data regarding the effects of prolonged marginal zinc deficiency on zinc homeostasis. It appears that human beings are able to maintain zinc homeostasis by increasing efficiency of zinc absorption and decreasing endogenous excretion of zinc when they are subjected to short-term dietary zinc restriction. However, a mild deficiency of zinc in human beings under usual circumstances is an outcome of chronic exposure to diets low in zinc lasting for many months and years. Therefore, it is important to determine whether or not the adapted zinc homeostasis during the short duration of dietary zinc deprivation is also maintained during a prolonged period of dietary zinc restriction. We assessed the efficiency of zinc absorption as well as endogenous zinc excretion during a 6-month period of dietary zinc restriction (63.1 mumol/day) in human volunteers by using a stable zinc (Zn-70). Prolonged marginal zinc deficiency did not impair the functional role of endogenous zinc excretion in zinc homeostasis, but efficiency of zinc absorption was not sustained and decreased in the majority of our volunteers when the zinc-restricted diet was continued for 6 months. Such altered mechanisms of zinc homeostasis suggest that chronic human zinc deficiency warrants reassessment of dietary zinc requirement to preserve normal zinc status in the subsets of population that are vulnerable to zinc deficiency. C1 WAYNE STATE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,DETROIT,MI 48201. HARPER GRACE HOSP,DETROIT,MI 48201. VET ADM MED CTR,ALLEN PK,MI 48101. UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH MED,DEPT HUMAN GENET,ANN ARBOR,MI 48104. UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,ANN ARBOR,MI 48104. USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. FU FDA HHS [FDA-U-000457]; NCI NIH HHS [CA-43838]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-31401] NR 33 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0022-2143 J9 J LAB CLIN MED JI J. Lab. Clin. Med. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 122 IS 5 BP 549 EP 556 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Medical Laboratory Technology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA MG713 UT WOS:A1993MG71300012 PM 8228573 ER PT J AU DAVEY, RB AF DAVEY, RB TI STAGEWISE MORTALITY, OVIPOSITIONAL BIOLOGY, AND EGG VIABILITY OF BOOPHILUS-ANNULATUS (ACARI, IXODIDAE) ON BOSELAPHUS-TRAGOCAMELUS (ARTIODACTYLA, BOVIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BOOPHILUS ANNULATUS; CATTLE; NILGAI ANTELOPE ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ARTHROPOD PARASITES; CATTLE; TICK; CAPE AB The stagewise mortality, ovipositional, biology, and egg viability of the cattle tick, Boophilus annulatus (Say), on nilgai antelope, Boselaphus tragocamelus Pallas, was compared with ticks reared on Bos taurus (Hereford) cattle. Mortality was highest during the larval stage on both host species, but larval mortality on nilgai (78.6%) was significantly higher than on cattle (45.6%) hosts. Mortality during the nymphal stage was also significantly higher on nilgai (49.3%) than on cattle (13.9%). During adult female development, although the mortality rate on nilgai was 40.9% compared with no mortality of females on cattle, this difference was not significant. Significantly fewer ticks reached repletion on nilgai (4.0 females per animal) than on cattle (48.5 females per animal). The mean female weight and egg mass weight of ticks obtained from cattle were significantly higher than ticks produced from nilgai. On the other hand, no differences in mean conversion efficiency index (CEI), preoviposition period, incubation period, or egg hatch were observed among ticks obtained from the two host animals. Although nilgai produce fewer replete females, and the females that do survive are smaller and produce smaller egg masses, nilgai cannot be disregarded in an eradication program. The fact that even a small number of viable ticks is able to reproduce successfully on nilgai could lead to the failure of current eradication strategies by compromising the required quarantine interval. RP DAVEY, RB (reprint author), SPA,USDA ARS,CATTLE FEVER TICK RES LAB,POB 969,MISSION,TX 78572, USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 30 IS 6 BP 997 EP 1002 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA ME498 UT WOS:A1993ME49800006 PM 8271258 ER PT J AU FOCKS, DA HAILE, DG DANIELS, E MOUNT, GA AF FOCKS, DA HAILE, DG DANIELS, E MOUNT, GA TI DYNAMIC LIFE TABLE MODEL FOR AEDES-AEGYPTI (DIPTERA, CULCIDAE) - ANALYSIS OF THE LITERATURE AND MODEL DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AEDES AEGYPTI; POPULATION DYNAMICS; COMPUTER MODELING ID YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITO; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS; PSOROPHORA-COLUMBIAE; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; SURVIVAL RATES; KENYA COAST; LARVAL; TEMPERATURE AB The container-inhabiting mosquito simulation model (CIMSiM) is a weather-driven, dynamic life table simulation model of Aedes aegypti (L.). It is designed to provide a framework for related models of similar mosquitoes which inhabit artificial and natural containers. CIMSiM is an attempt to provide a mechanistic, comprehensive, and dynamic accounting of the multitude of relationships known to play a role in the life history of these mosquitoes. Development rates of eggs, larvae, pupae, and the gonotrophic cycle are based on temperature using an enzyme kinetics approach. Larval weight gain and food depletion are based on the differential equations of Gilpin and McClelland compensated for temperature. Survivals are a function of weather, habitat, and other factors. The heterogeneity of the larval habitat is depicted by modeling the immature cohorts within up to nine different containers, each of which represents an important type of mosquito-producing container in the field. The model provides estimates of the age-specific density of each life stage within a representative 1-ha area. CIMSiM is interactive and runs on IBM-compatible personal computers. The user specifies a region of the world of interest; the model responds with lists of countries and associated cities where historical data on weather, larval habitat, and human densities are available. Each location is tied to an environmental file containing a description of the significant mosquito-producing containers in the area and their characteristics. In addition to weather and environmental information, CIMSiM uses biological files that include species-specific values for each of the parameters used in the model. Within CIMSiM, it is possible to create new environmental and biological fires or modify existing ones to allow simulations to be tailored to particular locations or to parameter sensitivity studies. The model also may be used to evaluate any number and combination of standard and novel control methods. RP FOCKS, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 77 TC 223 Z9 230 U1 6 U2 46 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1003 EP 1017 PG 15 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA ME498 UT WOS:A1993ME49800007 PM 8271242 ER PT J AU FOCKS, DA HAILE, DG DANIELS, E MOUNT, GA AF FOCKS, DA HAILE, DG DANIELS, E MOUNT, GA TI DYNAMIC LIFE TABLE MODEL FOR AEDES-AEGYPTI (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) - SIMULATION AND VALIDATION SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AEDES AEGYPTI; POPULATION DYNAMICS; COMPUTER MODELING AB The container-inhabiting mosquito simulation model (CIMSiM) is a weather driven, dynamic life table simulation model of Aedes aegypti (L.) and similar nondiapausing Aedes mosquitoes that inhabit artificial and natural containers. This paper presents a validation of CIMSiM simulating Ae. aegypti using several independent series of data that were not used in model development. Validation data sets include laboratory work designed to elucidate the role of diet on fecundity and rates of larval development and survival. Comparisons are made with four field studies conducted in Bangkok, Thailand, on seasonal changes in population dynamics and with a field study in New Orleans, LA, on larval habitat. Finally, predicted ovipositional activity of Ae. aegypti in seven cities in the southeastern United States for the period 1981-1985 is compared with a data set developed by the U.S. Public Health Service. On the basis of these comparisons, we believe that, for stated design goals, CIMSiM adequately simulates the population dynamics of Ae. aegypti in response to specific information on weather and immature habitat. We anticipate that it will be useful in simulation studies concerning the development and optimization of control strategies and that, with further field validation, can provide entomological inputs for a dengue virus transmission model. RP FOCKS, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 21 TC 143 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 19 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1018 EP 1028 PG 11 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA ME498 UT WOS:A1993ME49800008 PM 8271243 ER PT J AU JENSEN, T KAISER, PE BARNARD, DR AF JENSEN, T KAISER, PE BARNARD, DR TI SHORT-TERM CHANGES IN THE ABUNDANCE AND PARITY RATE OF ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS SPECIES-C (DIPTERA, CULCIDAE) IN A CENTRAL FLORIDA SWAMP SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANOPHELES QUADRIMACULATUS; SAMPLING; DYNAMICS ID LABORATORY STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITOS; SURVIVAL; HYBRIDIZATION; POPULATIONS; COMPLEX; KEY AB Updraft CDC traps baited with dry ice were used to monitor changes in the abundance and parity rate of Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say complex mosquitoes in an intermittently flooded swamp in Central Florida during an 18-d period. Mosquitoes collected each day were identified to species using DNA hybridization and isozyme electrophoretic techniques and were dissected to determine follicular maturation and parity. Of 1,178 An. quadrimaculatus mosquitoes identified to species, 4% were species A and 96% were species C. Dissections of females of both species indicated that 98% were nonblood fed and nongravid with ovariole development at Christophers' stage II. Overall parity rates were 0.19 and 0.51 for populations of species A and species C, respectively. The duration of the gonotrophic cycle for species C females was estimated to be 5 d based on the interval between peaks in the number of nulliparous females collected on days 1 and 6 and peaks in the number of parous females collected 5 d later. Significant trends were observed in the number of parous species C females collected each day, indicating that the parity rate could not be used as an unbiased estimator of survivorship. RP JENSEN, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1038 EP 1042 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA ME498 UT WOS:A1993ME49800010 PM 8271245 ER PT J AU FRATAMICO, PM BHADURI, S BUCHANAN, RL AF FRATAMICO, PM BHADURI, S BUCHANAN, RL TI STUDIES ON ESCHERICHIA-COLI SEROTYPE O157/H7 STRAINS CONTAINING A 60-MDA PLASMID AND ON 60-MDA PLASMID-CURED DERIVATIVES SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; SHIGA-LIKE TOXINS; 60-MEGADALTON PLASMID; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; OUTER MEMBRANES; O157-H7; ADHERENCE; CYTOTOXIN; 0157-H7 AB Seventeen strains of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 producing Shiga-like toxin were examined for the presence of plasmids and for the ability to adhere to HEp-2 and Intestine 407 cells. All of the strains possessed a common 60-MDa plasmid. To determine the role of the 60-MDa plasmid, plasmid-cured strains were compared with the parent strains for their ability to produce pili and to adhere to epithelial cells in culture. The total cell lysate protein and outer-membrane protein (OMP) profiles were also compared. Both the parent strains and their plasmid-cured derivatives produced pili. Immunofluorescence assay results indicated that the plasmid-cured and parent strains adhered equally well to HEp-2 and Intestine 407 cells; overall adherence was greater with intestinal cells than HEp-2 cells. SDS-PAGE of polypeptides synthesised in an E. coli system in vitro showed that plasmid DNA encodes c. 35 proteins. SDS-PAGE of OMP preparations demonstrated that the 60-MDa plasmid appears to be involved in the synthesis of a 33-kDa OMP. Two strains cured of the 60-MDa plasmid, one that possessed no plasmids and one that still contained a 2.2-MDa plasmid, produced exopolysaccharide (EPS) when cultured on solid medium at 25 degrees C. Two other strains, which were cured of the 60-MDa plasmid but contained a 4.5-MDa plasmid, did not produce visible amounts of EPS. Gas chromatography analysis showed that the EPS consisted of fucose, glucose and galactose in an approximate molar ratio of 2.0:0.9:1.1 and also had 7% of a uronic acid sugar as part of its structure. RP FRATAMICO, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 45 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 39 IS 5 BP 371 EP 381 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MG257 UT WOS:A1993MG25700009 PM 7902442 ER PT J AU ALLEN, CB SAARI, JT AF ALLEN, CB SAARI, JT TI ISOLATED HEARTS FROM COPPER-DEFICIENT RATS EXHIBIT IMPROVED POSTISCHEMIC CONTRACTILE PERFORMANCE SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE HEART; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION; COPPER; RATS; FREE RADICAL ID ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; OXYGEN RADICALS; LIPIDS; DAMAGE; IRON AB Dietary copper deficiency affects a number of enzymes, the function of which may influence the outcome of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Male weanling rats were fed diets that were adequate (>5 mg/kg) or deficient (<1 mg/kg) in copper. After 4 wk, the rats' hearts were isolated and used to study the effects of ischemia-reperfusion on intraventricular developed pressure (DevP), positive and negative rates of intraventricular pressure change (+dp/dt and -dp/dt) and release of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase from the heart. The ischemia-perfusion protocol included a 15-min equilibration period, 30 min of warm, total ischemia and reperfusion for 30 min. Preischemic hearts from copper-deficient rats produced lower DevP than hearts from copper-adequate rats at all levels of preload. However, postischemic recovery of DevP was significantly greater in the hearts of the copper-deficient group. Furthermore, the postischemic patterns of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase release in the two groups were significantly different. These findings indicate that, although dietary copper deficiency adversely affects a number of enzymatic systems, the functional recovery of hearts subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury is improved when the diet is restricted in copper. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 123 IS 11 BP 1794 EP 1800 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MF526 UT WOS:A1993MF52600004 PM 8229293 ER PT J AU SCHOKNECHT, PA POND, WG MERSMANN, HJ MAURER, RR AF SCHOKNECHT, PA POND, WG MERSMANN, HJ MAURER, RR TI PROTEIN RESTRICTION DURING PREGNANCY AFFECTS POSTNATAL-GROWTH IN SWINE PROGENY SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE PROTEIN RESTRICTION; GESTATION; POSTNATAL GROWTH; SWINE ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; FETAL AB Protein deficiency during pregnancy affects fetal development. The critical period, when the fetus is most susceptible to maternal protein deficiency and its effect on neonatal growth, is unknown. Therefore, we studied the effect of a protein-restricted diet during early and late pregnancy and throughout pregnancy on growth of pigs from birth to market weight. Sows were fed a control (13% protein) or protein-restricted (0.5% protein) diet throughout pregnancy or protein-restricted diet from d 1 to 44, then control diet to term or control diet from d 1 to 81, then the protein-restricted diet to term. In Experiment 1, birth weights were measured, and 12 pigs/diet group were weaned at 4 wk and raised to market weight. Feeding the protein-restricted diet throughout pregnancy reduced birth and slaughter weights, whereas the control followed by protein-restricted and protein-restricted followed by control diets reduced only birth weight relative to controls. Indices of carcass lean were reduced in the protein-restricted piglets, with carcass fat not affected. In Experiment 2, control and control-protein-restricted litters were reduced to six piglets and 3/litter cross-fostered to a sow of the other treatment group. After weaning at 4 wk, 4 piglets/group were individually fed to 8 wk. The control and control followed by protein-restricted diet fed piglets had similar weights at birth, but piglets raised by a control-protein-restricted sow tended to weigh less at weaning than their littermates raised by a control sow. After weaning, these piglets had greater feed intakes relative to other groups and there were no weight differences by 8 wk. These results demonstrated that maternal protein restriction throughout pregnancy stunted the postnatal development of the swine progeny. Protein restriction during the first or last trimester, however, did not have a permanent effect upon postnatal growth of pigs, once any restriction of intake was removed. C1 US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP SCHOKNECHT, PA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 19 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 123 IS 11 BP 1818 EP 1825 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MF526 UT WOS:A1993MF52600007 PM 8229296 ER PT J AU REEVES, PG ROSSOW, KL LINDLAUF, J AF REEVES, PG ROSSOW, KL LINDLAUF, J TI DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF THE AIN-93 PURIFIED DIETS FOR RODENTS - RESULTS ON GROWTH, KIDNEY CALCIFICATION AND BONE MINERALIZATION IN RATS AND MICE SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE GROWTH; L-CYSTINE; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL; NEPHROCALCINOSIS; RATS; MICE ID FEMALE RATS; NEPHROCALCINOSIS AB Because of nutritional and technical problems the AIN-76A rodent diet was revised. One of the new formulations was designated AIN-93G and was suggested for use during growth, pregnancy and lactation studies. Some major differences in this new formulation compared with the AIN-76A diet are as follows: 7 g soybean oil was substituted for 5 g corn oil/100 g diet to increase the amount of linolenic acid; the amounts of vitamins E and K were increased; cornstarch was substituted for most of the sucrose; the amount of phosphorus was reduced to eliminate the problem of nephrocalcinosis in female rats; L-cystine was substituted for DL-methionine; and the manganese concentration was reduced. Various developmental modifications of the AIN-93G diet were fed to weanling rats and mice to determine effects on growth and tissue mineralization. After rats were fed the developmental version of AIN-93G for 16 wk, body weights in both male and female rats were not different from those of rats fed a cereal-based nonpurified diet. After 13 wk, male mice fed this diet weighed 13% more than those fed the nonpurified diet. Body weights of female mice were not affected. The new diet formulation prevented kidney calcification in female rats and mice during 16 wk of feeding. RP REEVES, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, GRAND FORKS, ND 58202 USA. NR 15 TC 155 Z9 157 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 123 IS 11 BP 1923 EP 1931 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MF526 UT WOS:A1993MF52600020 PM 8229309 ER PT J AU REEVES, PG NIELSEN, FH FAHEY, GC AF REEVES, PG NIELSEN, FH FAHEY, GC TI AIN-93 PURIFIED DIETS FOR LABORATORY RODENTS - FINAL REPORT OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF NUTRITION AD HOC WRITING COMMITTEE ON THE REFORMULATION OF THE AIN-76A RODENT DIET SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material DE PURIFIED DIET; NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS; RATS; MICE ID FEMALE RATS; SELENIUM REQUIREMENT; VITAMIN-E; FISH OIL; NEPHROCALCINOSIS; METABOLISM; PHOSPHORUS; FAT; ANTIOXIDANTS; TOXICITY AB For sixteen years, the American Institute of Nutrition Rodent Diets, AIN-76 and AIN-76A, have been used extensively around the world. Because of numerous nutritional and technical problems encountered with the diet during this period, it was revised. Two new formulations were derived: AIN-93G for growth, pregnancy and lactation, and AIN-93M for adult maintenance. Some major differences in the new formulation of AIN-93G compared with AIN-76A are as follows: 7 g soybean oil/100 g diet was substituted for 5 g corn oil/100 g diet to increase the amount of linolenic acid; cornstarch was substituted for sucrose; the amount of phosphorus was reduced to help eliminate the problem of kidney calcification in female rats; L-cystine was substituted for DL-methionine as the amino acid supplement for casein, known to be deficient in the sulfur amino acids; manganese concentration was lowered to one-fifth the amount in the old diet; the amounts of vitamin E, vitamin K and vitamin B-12 were increased; and molybdenum, silicon, fluoride, nickel, boron, lithium and vanadium were added to the mineral mix. For the AIN-93M maintenance diet, the amount of fat was lowered to 40 g/kg diet from 70 g/kg diet, and the amount of casein to 140 g/kg from 200 g/kg in the AIN-93G diet. Because of a better balance of essential nutrients, the AIN-93 diets may prove to be a better choice than AIN-76A for long-term as well as short-term studies with laboratory rodents. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,URBANA,IL 61801. RP REEVES, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 64 TC 4534 Z9 4775 U1 38 U2 251 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 123 IS 11 BP 1939 EP 1951 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MF526 UT WOS:A1993MF52600025 PM 8229312 ER PT J AU TORRE, PM RONNENBERG, AG HARTMAN, WJ PRIOR, RL AF TORRE, PM RONNENBERG, AG HARTMAN, WJ PRIOR, RL TI SUPPLEMENTAL ARGININE AND ORNITHINE DO NOT AFFECT SPLENOCYTE PROLIFERATION IN SURGICALLY TREATED RATS SO JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID INTRAVENOUS HYPERALIMENTATION; INJURED RATS; IMMUNE AB The present study was designed to determine whether arginine or ornithine supplementation enhanced immune responsiveness in surgically stressed rats. Young rats (130 to 150 g; n = 72) were fed one of three nonpurified diets: control, arginine-supplemented (30 g/kg of diet), or supplemented with ornithine on an equimolar basis to supplemental arginine. Control and ornithine-supplemented diets were made isonitrogenous to the arginine-supplemented diet with alanine. Food intake and body weight were monitored throughout the experimental period. Eight days after initiation of dietary treatments, 36 rats were given dorsal skin wounds. Rats were killed 7 days later. Blood was collected, spleen and thymus were weighed, and splenocytes were isolated to measure proliferation in response to mitogens and interleukin-2 production. Food intake, body weight gain, and thymus weight were lower in rats subjected to surgery than in control rats (p <.01). Neither supplemental dietary arginine nor ornithine affected food intake, body weight gain, thymus weight, splenocyte proliferation, or splenocyte interleukin-2 production in any treatment group (p < .1). These data suggest that low-level dietary supplementation of arginine and ornitihine did not ameliorate detrimental effects of minor surgery in rats. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA ARS,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,AMINO ACID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARENTERAL & ENTERAL NUTRITION PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON STREET SUITE 412, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 SN 0148-6071 J9 JPEN-PARENTER ENTER JI J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 17 IS 6 BP 532 EP 536 DI 10.1177/0148607193017006532 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MH740 UT WOS:A1993MH74000008 PM 8301807 ER PT J AU ZHANG, JX MACE, ME STIPANOVIC, RD BELL, AA AF ZHANG, JX MACE, ME STIPANOVIC, RD BELL, AA TI PRODUCTION AND FUNGITOXICITY OF THE TERPENOID PHYTOALEXINS IN COTTON INOCULATED WITH FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM F-SP VASINFECTUM SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID VERTICILLIUM WILT RESISTANCE; GOSSYPIUM; DAHLIAE AB Four terpenoid phytoalexins, desoxyhemigossypol (dHG), hemigossypol (HG), desoxyhemigossypol-6-methyl ether (dMHG) and hemigossypol-6-methyl ether (MHG), were identified with HPLC analysis of extracts from the moderately Fusarium wilt resistant cotton var. TAMCOT CAMD-E (Gossypium hirsutum) inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (F.o.v.). Concentrations of dHG, HG, dMHG and MG in stem steles at 10 days after inoculation were 45.1, 175.0, 38.3 and 1.6 mug g-1 fresh tissue, respectively. The bioassays demonstrated that all four phytoalexins were toxic to F.o.v. The ED50's of dHG, dMHG and HG were calculated as 8.8, 13.4 and 29.3 mug ml-1, respectively. The very low solubility of MHG in the standard assay medium prevented the determination of its ED50 value. Only dHG is water soluble at levels that appear necessary to act as an effective phytoalexin. At 30 mug ml-1, dHG kills all conidia and mycelia of F.o.v. Viable propagules of F.o.v. were recovered from the steles of inoculated plants 10 days after inoculation; however, the pathogen was restricted to a zone 15 cm above the hypocotyl inoculation site. Thus, the fungistatic action of dHG appears to contribute to the resistance of cotton to Fusarium wilt by preventing the systemic distribution of F.o.v. propagules. RP ZHANG, JX (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO CROPS RES LAB,COTTON PATHOL RES UNIT,ROUTE 5,BOX 805,COLL STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 10 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 139 IS 3 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1993.tb01423.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MW481 UT WOS:A1993MW48100007 ER PT J AU CHATTERTON, NJ HARRISON, PA THORNLEY, WR BENNETT, JH AF CHATTERTON, NJ HARRISON, PA THORNLEY, WR BENNETT, JH TI STRUCTURES OF FRUCTAN OLIGOMERS IN ORCHARDGRASS (DACTYLIS-GLOMERATA L) SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DACTYLIS; ORCHARDGRASS; DP; KESTOSE; FRUCTAN; CHEMICAL STRUCTURES ID LOLIUM-TEMULENTUM; EXCISED LEAVES; METHYLATION; FRUCTOSAN; PATHWAY; FESTUCA; PHLEUM AB Chemical structures of and relationships among the fructan oligomers (< DP9) in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) were determined in this study. Although all three fructan trisaccharides, 1-kestotriose* (1-kestose), 6-kestotriose (6-kestose), and 6G-kestotriose (neokestose) occur in orchardgrass, 6-kestotriose is most prevalent. In contrast, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) do not contain 6G-kestotriose. 1-Kestotriose is the most common trisaccharide in cheatgrass while either 1-kestotriose or 6-kestotriose is dominant in wheat depending upon the environmental conditions and stage of plant development. Although 6-kestotriose is not present 1-kestotriose and 6G-kestotriose occur in similar amounts in oat (Avena sativa). 1&6-kestotetraose (bifurcose), a tetrasaccharide that includes both 1-kestotriose and 6-kestotriose moieties, is the most prevalent DP4 fructan in cheatgrass. In contrast, 6G, 6-kestotetraose and 6,6-kestotetraose are the major tetrasaccharides in oats and orchardgrass, respectively. The dominant oligosaccharides in orchardgrass, the DP3 through DP8 fructans-6-kestotriose, 6,6-kestotetraose, 6,6,6-kestopentaose, 6,6,6,6-kestohexaose, 6,6,6,6,6-kestoheptaose and 6,6,6,6,6,6-kestooctaose, each contain a terminal glucose and only 6-fructofuranosyl bonds. They appear to be part of the series that also constitutes the large oligosaccharides in wheat, Poa travialis and Lolium temulentum and are called graminins as proposed by Waterhouse and Chatterton (1993). The variety of fructan structures found in different species indicate that plants have evolved species - or possibly genera - specific fructan-synthesizing enzyme systems. Some plant species appear to form fructan oligomers that are characteristic of a particular plant group. Additional research is needed to determine the effects of plant parts, stage of development, and of interacting environmental factors on fructan biosynthetic enzyme activities and on the resultant fructan structures. RP CHATTERTON, NJ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 4 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 142 IS 5 BP 552 EP 556 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MM417 UT WOS:A1993MM41700007 ER PT J AU ADAMS, DC STAIGMILLER, RB KNAPP, BW LAMB, JB AF ADAMS, DC STAIGMILLER, RB KNAPP, BW LAMB, JB TI NATIVE OR SEEDED RANGELAND FOR COWS WITH HIGH OR LOW MILK-PRODUCTION SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE REPRODUCTION; CRESTED WHEATGRASS; RUSSIAN WILDRYE GRASS; CONTOUR FURROWS; BODY CONDITION ID BEEF-CATTLE; PERFORMANCE AB Multiparous cows (n = 91, 1986; n = 92, 1987) were selected from 2 populations to obtain cattle with high and low milk production. After March-April calving, high and low producing cows grazed either native range (treatment 1) or seeded range (treatment 2) until weaning in September. Seeded range included paddocks of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum, Fisch. ex [Link]Schult), contour furrowed native range interseeded with ''Ladak'' alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.), and Russian wildrye grass (Psathrostachys juncea [Fisch.] Nevski.). In treatment 2, crested wheatgrass was grazed mid-April to 17 June, followed by contour furrowed rangeland 18 June to 5 August, and ended with Russian wildrye 6 August to weaning (mid-September). Data were analyzed as a split plot with treatment and year in the main plot and cow type in the subplot. Number of cows exhibiting estrus before the beginning of the breeding season and fall pregnancy rate were not influenced (P>0.05) by range treatment. Twelve-hour milk production during May, June, August, and September ranged from 11.3 to 6.8 kg and 7.6 to 3.9 kg for high and low producing cows, respectively. Cows with high milk production lost body condition during and after the breeding season, whereas cows with low milk production maintained body condition during the same period. Live weight pain of calves was greater (P<0.01) for cows with high production than cows with low production but was not affected (P>0.05) by range treatment. We concluded that native and seeded ranges were of similar nutritive value for cows with high and low milk production and that cows with high milk production may have greater nutrient requirements during late summer-early fall than what was provided by native or seeded ranges. Protein may be the primary limiting nutrient in forages during the late summer for lactating cows grazing Northern Great Plains range. C1 USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301. RP ADAMS, DC (reprint author), UNIV NEBRAKSA,INST AGR & NAT RESOURCES,W CENT RES & EXTENS CTR,ROUTE 4,BOX 46A,N PLATTE,NE 69101, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 46 IS 6 BP 474 EP 478 DI 10.2307/4002854 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MG313 UT WOS:A1993MG31300001 ER PT J AU CLARY, WP BOOTH, GD AF CLARY, WP BOOTH, GD TI EARLY-SEASON UTILIZATION OF MOUNTAIN MEADOW RIPARIAN PASTURES SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE PERCENT UTILIZATION; STUBBLE HEIGHTS; PLANT MOISTURE; SOIL MOISTURE ID CATTLE; AVAILABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; SELECTION AB Observations suggest spring grazing of riparian areas is a good management strategy of a reduced tendency for cattle to concentrate along streams during that season. In this study, Jun cattle distribution was examined within 4 experimental pastures located along Stanley Creek, Sawtooth National Recreation Area, Sawtooth National Forest, in central Idaho. Two pastures were grazed at a light stocking rate and 2 pastures were grazed at a medium stocking rate. Streamside graminoid utilization averaged about 24% under light stocking, while on the adjacent meadow graminoid utilization was 28%. Under medium stocking the average utilization at streamside was 37%, while that on the adjacent meadow was 50%. Residual herbaceous stubble heights under light stocking were 11 to 12 cm for both grazing locations, whereas streamside and meadow stubble heights were 10 cm and 7 cm, respectively, under moderate stocking. Cattle were not disproportionately attracted to the streamside areas during the June period. As stocking rates increased from light to medium, the cattle concentrated most of their additional use on the adjacent drier meadow. Utilization of riparian plant communities during this early summer period had no relationship to the amount of plant moisture content, but was negatively associated with surface soil moisture content, but was negatively associated with surface soil moisture. C1 US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,OGDEN,UT 84401. RP CLARY, WP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,RIPARIAN STREAM ECOSYST RES WORK UNIT,BOISE,ID 83702, USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 46 IS 6 BP 493 EP 497 DI 10.2307/4002858 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MG313 UT WOS:A1993MG31300005 ER PT J AU SENOCK, RS ANDERSON, DM MURRAY, LW DONART, GB AF SENOCK, RS ANDERSON, DM MURRAY, LW DONART, GB TI TOBOSA TILLER DEFOLIATION PATTERNS UNDER ROTATIONAL AND CONTINUOUS STOCKING SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SHORT DURATION GRAZING; GRAZING STRATEGIES; UTILIZATION; GRAZING PRESSURE INDEX ID DURATION AB Continuous low animal density grazing of tobosa [Hilaria mutica (Buckl.) Benth.] in the northern Chihuahuan desert results in nonuniform forage utilization, Stocking smaller tobosa rangeland paddocks with high numbers of cattle for short periods of time may facilitate more uniform forage utilization, Two grazing periods in each of 2 consecutive years were monitored to investigate the frequency with which tobosa tillers were defoliated and the intensity of defoliation (change in height) in relation to grazing pressure under high-density seasonal rotational and low-density seasonal continuous grazing. Approximately 40% of tiller height, including leaves, was removed at each defoliation in the rotational treatment, while intensity of defoliation per grazing event remained consistent. In the continuous treatment, amount of tiller removed varied widely and was not consistent among the 4 periods. Percentage of tillers defoliated in the rotational treatment was always greater than 75%, and always less than 30% in the continuous treatment, The probability that a tiller would be grazed at least once in the rotational treatment was more than twice as great as in the continuous treatment. However, within the rotational treatment, the probability of multiple grazing events (greater than or equal to 2) on an individual tiller was less than the probability of a tiller being grazed just once, In general, high-density rotation grazing promoted more uniform forage utilization of tobosa than low-density continuous grazing. C1 NMSU,USDA,JORNADA EXPTL RANGE,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT EXPTL STAT,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM & RANGE SCI,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. RP SENOCK, RS (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 46 IS 6 BP 500 EP 505 DI 10.2307/4002860 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MG313 UT WOS:A1993MG31300007 ER PT J AU HEITSCHMIDT, RK VOLESKY, JD HAFERKAMP, MR CURRIE, PO AF HEITSCHMIDT, RK VOLESKY, JD HAFERKAMP, MR CURRIE, PO TI STEER PERFORMANCE ON NATIVE AND MODIFIED NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS RANGELAND SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE BRUSH CONTROL; CONTOUR FURROWING; DIET QUALITY; LEGUME INTERSEEDING; RANGE IMPROVEMENTS; NITROGEN FERTILIZATION; PRODUCTION ANIMAL(-1); PRODUCTION HA(-L) AB Research was conducted to quantify the effects of various range improvement treatments on diet quality and summer weight gain of steers grazing semiarid rangeland from 1983 through 1988. Treatments were: no treatment (i.e., control), contour furrowing, intertilling with a prototype range improvement machine and combinations of the range improvement machine, nitrogen fertilization, legume interseeding, or brush control. Diet quality was measured in 1987 and 1988. Data were analyzed using various repeated measures analysis of variance models. Various relationships between the animal performance data and previously published herbage standing crop data were examined using standard correlation procedures. There were no significant treatment (P>0.17) or year by treatment (P>0.82) interaction effects relative to average daily gains, total gain steer(-l), and gain ha(-1) . However, all year effects were significant (P<0.05) for these variables with years accounting for about 67% of the observed variation in weight pains. Percentage crude protein in diet samples was greater in 1987 compared to the severe drought year of 1988 and was greater at the beginning than at the end of each gazing season (P<0.05). However, in vitro dry matter digestibility of diets was greater in 1988 than 1987 primarily because digestibility of diets increased in 1988 from the beginning to the end of the trial. Significant correlations between gain steer(-1) and gain ha(-1) and early season total and perennial cool-season grass standing crop estimates indicated same rudimentary information is available at the beginning of each grazing season for predicting season-long weight gains. Because average daily pains during late spring and early summer were several fold greater than late season gains in all years except one, it is hypothesized that intensive early stocking strategies may be appropriate for stocker cattle grazing in the Northern Great Plains. C1 USDA ARS,GRAZINGLANDS RES LAB,EL RENO,OK 73036. RP HEITSCHMIDT, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 46 IS 6 BP 529 EP 533 DI 10.2307/4002866 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MG313 UT WOS:A1993MG31300013 ER PT J AU MOWREY, DP VOLESKY, JD AF MOWREY, DP VOLESKY, JD TI FEASIBILITY OF GRAZING SAINFOIN ON THE SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE GROWTH STAGE; ONOBRYCHIS VICIIFOLIA; PERSISTENCE; PRODUCTION; QUALITY ID ALFALFA; QUALITY; FORAGE; YIELD; SOIL AB Forage is often in short supply on southern Great Plains grasslands during spring because warm-season grasses are dormant or just beginning fo grow. Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.), a non-bloat-inducing legume, can provide forage in semiarid regions during spring when irrigated. A study was conducted to investigate yield, quality, and persistence of sainfoin in a subhumid region of the southern Great Plains without irrigation. Sainfoin was established in 1989 and grazed with steers at early or late bloom growth stages in 1990 and 1991 to remove 50 or 75% of the forage height. Forage yield averaged 2,480 and 4,110 kg ha(-1), respectively in 1990 and 1991. Fifty to 80% of sainfoin's forage yield occurred prior to average stocking dates on warm-season pastures for summer grazing. Crude protein concentration averaged 15 and 19% and in vitro digestible dry matter averaged 57 and 62% in 1990 and 1991, respectively. Sainfoin survival was unaffected by grazing treatment through July 1991. After a severe drought from late July through August 1991, sainfoin stands were reduced 22% across treatments (P>0.05). Sainfoin has potential to complement warm-season pastures in the southern Great Plains, but additional effort is needed to improve plant persistence. RP MOWREY, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAZINGLANDS RES LAB,POB 1199,EL RENO,OK 73036, USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI DENVER PA 1839 YORK ST, DENVER, CO 80206 SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 46 IS 6 BP 539 EP 542 DI 10.2307/4002868 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MG313 UT WOS:A1993MG31300015 ER PT J AU HALLAK, M KIRSHON, B SMITH, EO COTTON, DB AF HALLAK, M KIRSHON, B SMITH, EO COTTON, DB TI AMNIOTIC-FLUID INDEX - GESTATIONAL-AGE SPECIFIC VALUES FOR NORMAL HUMAN-PREGNANCY SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FETAL HEART-RATE; ULTRASOUND EVALUATION; 4-QUADRANT ASSESSMENT; VOLUME; OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS AB Amniotic fluid volume is an important parameter in the assessment of fetal well-being. The purpose of this study was to define the values of the amniotic fluid index for normal pregnancy by week of gestation in our population. The amniotic fluid index was measured prospectively in 892 patients with a normal singleton pregnancy between 15 and 40 weeks and an estimated fetal weight between the 10th and 90th percentile. The results were stratified by week of gestation. From a median of 10.3 cm (range, 8.7-13.7,5th-95th percentile) at 15 weeks' gestation, the amniotic fluid index rose progressively to a maximum median of 14.0 cm (range, 4.0-18.6) at 30 weeks. The index then gradually declined to a median of 9.1 cm (range, 4.8-14.2) by 40 weeks' gestation. The difference between the median index for preterm patients (11.9 cm) and that for the term group (10.8 cm) was found to be statistically significant (P<.05). The difference between the median amniotic fluid index for the total group and the medians for the preterm and term patients was also significant (P<.05). Gestational age-specific values of amniotic fluid index should be used, and the 5th and 95th percentiles serve as the lower and upper limits, respectively, of normal. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA P.O. DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 38 IS 11 BP 853 EP 856 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA MH031 UT WOS:A1993MH03100004 PM 8277480 ER PT J AU MORRISON, JE HUANG, CH LIGHTLE, DT DAUGHTRY, CST AF MORRISON, JE HUANG, CH LIGHTLE, DT DAUGHTRY, CST TI RESIDUE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID IMAGE-ANALYSIS; COVER; SOIL; PROTECTION; EROSION C1 PURDUE UNIV,USDA ARS,NATL SOIL EROS LAB,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. USDA,SCS,MIDWEST NATL TECH CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68508. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,REMOTE SENSING RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP MORRISON, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76503, USA. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 48 IS 6 BP 478 EP 483 PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA MF973 UT WOS:A1993MF97300003 ER PT J AU ISENSEE, AR SADEGHI, AM AF ISENSEE, AR SADEGHI, AM TI IMPACT OF TILLAGE PRACTICE ON RUNOFF AND PESTICIDE TRANSPORT SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE; LOSSES; CORN; CYANAZINE; ATRAZINE; SIMAZINE; SYSTEMS; RESIDUE; COVER AB A two-year study was conducted to evaluate the effect of no-till (NT) and conventional-till (CT) corn production practices on pesticide loss in runoff from natural rainfall. Runoff from two NT and two CT plots [0.25 to 0.5 ha (.62 to 1.2 ac)] was measured and runoff water samples were analyzed for atrazine, cyanazine and alachlor. Runoff (of water) was greater from NT than from CT plots when the time between rainfall events was less than seven days, but runoff from CT was greater-than-or-equal-to NT when seven or more days passed between rains. The concentrations of atrazine and cyanazine were two to 10 times higher in runoff from NT than from CT; concentrations of alachlor, the only microencapsulated herbicide that was applied, were unaffected by tillage. Concentrations of all pesticides were highest for the first runoff event after application and then decreased rapidly with each subsequent runoff. The time between application and the first runoff event was three and eight days for 1990 and 1991, respectively, which resulted in five to 10 times higher concentrations of all pesticides in the first event for 1990 than 1991. Total loss (percent of applied) of atrazine, cyanazine and alachlor was 1.5, 1.6, and 0.3 (NT) and 1.0, 0.7, and 0.5 (CT), respectively, for 990; corresponding losses for 1991 were 0.8, 0.6 and 0.2 (AT) and 0.3, 0.2 and 0.2 (CT). RP ISENSEE, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 48 IS 6 BP 523 EP 527 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA MF973 UT WOS:A1993MF97300005 ER PT J AU SALEH, A AF SALEH, A TI SOIL ROUGHNESS MEASUREMENT - CHAIN METHOD SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID MICRORELIEF; TILLAGE AB The methods commonly used to measure surface roughness involve measuring point elevation using a pin roughness meter or laser, both of which are labor intensive and expensive. A simple, fast, and inexpensive technique is needed to determine soil roughness in the field in order to obtain measurement for wide spread application. A method using a roller chain was developed to measure soil roughness. The chain method is based on the principle that as a chain of a given lenght, L1, is placed across a surface, the horizontal distance covered, L2, will decrease as the roughness increases. The chain lenght reduction caused by roughness was calculated as soil roughness, Roughness values obtained from the chain and those obtained by a multiple pin roughness meter were highly correlated (R2 = 0.96, P < 0.01). The results demonstrated the sensitivity of the chain method to soil surface roughness. A predictive equation was developed to predict roughness factor, K(r) [currently used in the Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ)] from the chain method. The chain method is inexpensive, fast, and easy to use and requires little training and no technical experience. It can provide a feasible technique to obtain roughness measurements. RP SALEH, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT SYST RES LAB,BIG SPRING,TX, USA. NR 17 TC 119 Z9 140 U1 5 U2 17 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 48 IS 6 BP 527 EP 529 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA MF973 UT WOS:A1993MF97300006 ER PT J AU BANUELOS, GS DYER, D AHMAD, R ISMAIL, S RAUT, RN DAGAR, JC AF BANUELOS, GS DYER, D AHMAD, R ISMAIL, S RAUT, RN DAGAR, JC TI IN SEARCH OF BRASSICA GERMPLASM IN SALINE SEMIARID AND ARID REGIONS OF INDIA AND PAKISTAN FOR RECLAMATION OF SELENIUM-LADEN SOILS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; ACCUMULATION; IRRIGATION; CALIFORNIA; MUSTARD; PLANTS; BORON AB High concentrations of selenium (Se)found in some saline soils may be detrimental to sustainable agriculture in parts of the western US. Remediation strategy with Brassica species may be practical to reduce soil concentrations of Se to non-toxic levels. Collecting germplasm native to or growing in semi-arid and arid saline regions like Pakistan and India, may provide California and Western U.S. grown with additional plant materials to evaluate Se removal by Plant uptake in saline/Se contaminated soils. C1 USDA SCS,CTR PLANT MAT,LOCKEFORD,CA 95237. UNIV KARACHI,BIOSALIN LAB,KARACHI 32,PAKISTAN. INDIAN AGR RES INST,DIV GENET,NEW DELHI 110012,INDIA. CENT SOIL SALIN RES INST,KARNAL 132001,PUNJAB,INDIA. RP BANUELOS, GS (reprint author), USDA,ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 48 IS 6 BP 530 EP 534 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA MF973 UT WOS:A1993MF97300007 ER PT J AU HUNT, PG MATHENY, TA WRIGHT, FS DOTY, CW AF HUNT, PG MATHENY, TA WRIGHT, FS DOTY, CW TI EFFECTS OF WATER-TABLE DEPTH ON NITROGEN ACCUMULATION AND POD YIELD OF PEANUT SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; SOIL AB Peanut is an important leguminous row crop in the Coastal Plain of the southeastern U.S. Its growth and yield are dependent upon dinitrogen fixation, a biological process that is adversely affected by water deficits or excesses. Drought and excessive rainfall in the same growing season present special problems for crop production in this region. A two-year field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of controlled drainage/subirrigation on peanut nitrogen accumulation and pod yield. The experiment was located on a lateral of the main channel in a PL-566 drainage district that was equipped with a water table management structure. Water table depths (WTD) were obtained from natural variations in the surface elevation; four, nonrandomized blocks contained WTD of 0. 61, 0.76, 0.91, 1.07, and 1.22 m (2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4 ft). Plots consisted of eight 15 m (49 ft) rows on 0.91 m (3 ft) spacings. Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L., CV Florigiant) were planted during the second week in May. Shoots and roots were sampled from 0.30 m (1 ft) of row; shoots uere analyzed for total nitrogen, and roots were assayed for dinitrogen fixation by acetylene reduction. Yields were taken from 30 m (98 ft) of row. Rainfall accumulations were 406 and 634 mm (16 and 25 in) in the first and second year, respectively. Pod yields ranged from 3.5 to 5.5 Mg ba-1 (1.6 and 2.5 t ac-1) and uere > 4.0 Mg ba-1 (1.8 t ac-1), if WTD were < 0.91 m. Dry matter accumulation acetylene reduction, and peanut pod yield were negatively correlated with WTD in the first year (R2 values > 0.37), but there uere no meaningful correlations between plant characteristics and WTD in the second season because sufficient rainfall bad eliminated peanut water stress. However, differences in the partitioning of dry matter between the peanut vegetation and fruit produced differences in estimated net soil nitrogen accumulation. When dinitrogen fixation was assumed to provide 45 percent of the total N, estimated net N accumulations were negative and poorly correlated to depth (R2 of 0.02) in the drier year. In the wetter year, estimates of net soil nitrogen accumulation ranged from 64 to 4 kg ha-1 (57 to 3.6 lb ac-1), and the R2 and slope of the linear regression of net N and WTD were 0.40 and -1.05, respectively. Thus, water table management and controlled drainage/subirrigation may offer a method that will reduce excess nitrogen and the associated nitrate pollution potential as well as stabilize peanut yield. C1 USDA ARS,SUFFOLK,VA. RP HUNT, PG (reprint author), USDA,ARS,FLORENCE,SC 29501, USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 48 IS 6 BP 534 EP 538 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA MF973 UT WOS:A1993MF97300008 ER PT J AU FULTON, L HOGBIN, M AF FULTON, L HOGBIN, M TI EATING QUALITY OF MUFFINS, CAKE, AND COOKIES PREPARED WITH REDUCED FAT AND SUGAR SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note RP FULTON, L (reprint author), USDA,HUMAN NUTR INFORMAT SERV,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 93 IS 11 BP 1313 EP 1316 DI 10.1016/0002-8223(93)91965-S PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MF721 UT WOS:A1993MF72100020 PM 8227887 ER PT J AU HAYES, DG KLEIMAN, R AF HAYES, DG KLEIMAN, R TI 1,3-SPECIFIC LIPOLYSIS OF LESQUERELLA-FENDLERI OIL BY IMMOBILIZED AND REVERSE-MICELLAR ENCAPSULATED ENZYMES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ACYL MIGRATION; HYDROXY ACIDS; LESQUERELLA-FENDLERI; LESQUEROLIC ACID, LIPOLYSIS; LIPOZYME; POSITIONAL SPECIFICITY; REVERSE MICELLES; RHIZOMUCOR-MIEHEI LIPASE; RHIZOPUS-ARRHIZUS LIPASE ID OLIVE OIL; FATTY-ACIDS; CONTINUOUS HYDROLYSIS; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; MEMBRANE REACTOR; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; VEGETABLE-OILS; LIPASE; WATER; ESTERIFICATION AB Three types of reaction systems, all batch-mode, were employed for production of hydroxy (lesquerolic and auricolic) fatty acids via 1,3-specific lipolysis of Les-querella fendleri oil: ''Free'' Rhizopus arrhizus or immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase (Lipozyme(TM)) in reverse micelles (System 1), Lipozyme suspended in lesquerella oil/isooctane mixture (System 2) and a suspension of water and free R. miehei lipase in lesquerella oil/isooctane (System 3). The objective was to find the system that best maximized yield (i.e., percent hydrolysis), the proportion of hydroxy acids among the free acids liberated (hydroxy acid ''purity''), and recovery/reuse of lipase activity, and that could be easily adapted into a large-scale process. System 1 provided the largest percent hydrolysis (55%) and hydroxy acid purity (85%), but of the three systems would be the most difficult to scale up. Thus, System 1 would be the most desirable reaction system only when small batch sizes are to be processed. System 3 yielded 47.2% hydrolysis, but the hydroxy acid purity was at most 73%, making it the least desirable of the three systems to employ. System 2 yielded moderate extents of hydrolyses (30-40%) and large hydroxy acid purity initially (80-83%), but the purity decreased slightly in the latter stages of the reaction due to acyl migration. System 2 was the system most easily adaptable to a large-scale process, making it the method of choice. For System 2 reactions, only when the medium was initially saturated with water and water consumed by the reaction was continuously replaced could 30-40% hydrolysis be achieved. External mass transfer limitations for Lipozyme-catalyzed reactions were not present when the solution's water content was not above saturation, and its kinematic viscosity, controlled by the temperature and the proportion of isooctane, was below 41 centistokes. RP HAYES, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NCAUR,NEW CROPS RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 70 IS 11 BP 1121 EP 1127 DI 10.1007/BF02632153 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MF295 UT WOS:A1993MF29500012 ER PT J AU CARLSON, KD KLEIMAN, R AF CARLSON, KD KLEIMAN, R TI CHEMICAL SURVEY AND ERUCIC-ACID CONTENT OF COMMERCIAL VARIETIES OF NASTURTIUM, TROPAEOLUM-MAJUS L SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ERUCIC ACID; GC/GC-MS; NASTURTIUM; NERVONIC ACID; OIL; PROTEIN; TROPAEOLUM-MAJUS; T-SPECIOSUM ID DEVELOPING SEEDS; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) oil contains the highest levels of erucic acid of known seed oils (75-80%). A significant portion of the acid is attached to the 2-position of the glycerol, and trierucin is a major component (ca. 50%) of the oil. Seeds from eleven varieties of commercially available garden nasturtium (T. majus) were screened for oil content, erucic acid levels and fatty acid distribution. Oil contents ranged from ca. 6 to 11%, and erucic acid levels in the oils ranged from 62 to 80%. One sample of T speciosum was also analyzed, and contained 28% oil, fatty acids from C-16 to C28 and triglycerides up to C72. RP CARLSON, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NCAUR,NEW CROPS RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 70 IS 11 BP 1145 EP 1148 DI 10.1007/BF02632157 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MF295 UT WOS:A1993MF29500016 ER PT J AU WOOD, BW AF WOOD, BW TI HYDROGEN CYANAMIDE ADVANCES PECAN BUDBREAK AND HARVESTING SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BREEDING; BUDBREAK; DORMANCY; FLOWERING; NUTS; PHENOLOGY; POLLINATION; RIPENING AB Dormant season sprays of hydrogen cyanamide applied to pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] trees advanced budbreak, flowering and shuck dehiscence. Hydrogen cyanamide was applied to dormant branches at approximate to 60, 45, 30, and 15 days before normal vegetative budbreak at rates of 0, 120, 240, 480, and 960 mM (corresponding to approximate to 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4%, solutions for 3 years). Depending on treatment, hydrogen cyanamide advanced budbreak by as much as 17 days, female and male flower maturity by up to 15 days, and nut ripening by as much as 14 days without reducing nut yield or causing phytotoxicity. Hydrogen cyanamide applied at 480 to 960 mM approximate to 60 days before expected budbreak possibly may be used commercially to advance ripening, manipulate time of pollen dispersal, and substitute for chilling when pecan is grown in mild environments. RP WOOD, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,POB 87,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 118 IS 6 BP 690 EP 693 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MP531 UT WOS:A1993MP53100001 ER PT J AU YATES, IE SPARKS, D AF YATES, IE SPARKS, D TI ENVIRONMENTAL-REGULATION OF ANTHER DEHISCENCE AND POLLEN GERMINATION IN PECAN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CARYA ILLINOINENSIS; POLLINATION; FRUIT SET; TEMPERATURE; RELATIVE HUMIDITY; REHYDRATION; POLLEN TUBE ID TEMPERATURE; GROWTH AB Detached anthers and pollen of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] were exposed to a range of relative humidities (RD) and/or temperatures to assess the interaction of these environmental factors on pollen dispersal and, germination. Dehiscence of anthers was evaluated at selected time intervals following exposure to approximate to 5%, 33%, 64%, and 97% REI at 10, 21, 27, and 33C in a factorial experiment. Pollen release increased as RH decreased and temperature increased for detached anthers under laboratory conditions and for attached anthers under field conditions. Inhibition of anther dehiscence by high RH could be overcome or minimized with high temperatures and inhibition by low temperatures, in most cases, with low RH. Temperature effects on specific phases in the pollen germination process were evaluated in a sequence of experiments. First, pollen rehydration temperature was varied (3, 15, 29, 33, and 42C) and incubation temperature during tube development kept constant at 25C. After 2 hours of rehydration, tube formation was maximized at 15C and tube length at 29C. Second, all pollen was rehydrated at a constant temperature (25C) and the incubation temperature during tube development varied (3, 15, 29, 33, and 42C). The temperature for maximum tube formation (15C) was different from that for maximum tube length (33C). Morphology of pollen tubes was normal under all rehydration conditions; but, during incubation for pollen tube development, tubes did not develop at 3C and developed abnormally at 42C. The adverse effect on tube development at 3C, but not at 42C, could be reversed by transferring pollen to 25C. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HORT,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP YATES, IE (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 118 IS 6 BP 699 EP 706 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MP531 UT WOS:A1993MP53100003 ER PT J AU WANG, CY CONWAY, WS ABBOTT, JA KRAMER, GF SAMS, CE AF WANG, CY CONWAY, WS ABBOTT, JA KRAMER, GF SAMS, CE TI POSTHARVEST INFILTRATION OF POLYAMINES AND CALCIUM INFLUENCES ETHYLENE PRODUCTION AND TEXTURE CHANGES IN GOLDEN-DELICIOUS APPLES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MALUS DOMESTICA; PUTRESCINE; SPERMIDINE; STORAGE; QUALITY; FIRMNESS ID MCINTOSH APPLES; INHIBITION; FRUIT; SENESCENCE; SPERMIDINE; STIMULATION AB Prestorage infiltration of 'Golden Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) with calcium (Ca) retarded texture changes during storage at OC and inhibited ethylene production of the fruit at 20C. Infiltration of the fruit with the polyamines (PA) putrescine (PUT) or spermidine (SPD) also altered texture changes, but did not inhibit ethylene production. When the fruit were treated with Ca first and then with PA, cell wall-bound Ca concentrations increased 4-fold, but PA levels in the cell wall increased only slightly. When the fruit were treated with PA first and then with Ca, PA levels in the cell wall increased 3-fold, but Ca concentration increased only 2-fold. These results indicate that Ca and PA may be competing for the same binding sites in the cell wall and that the improvement of fruit quality during storage by these cations could involve strengthening of the cell wall. C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INSTRUMENTAT SENSING LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, CLIMATE STRESS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI, KNOXVILLE, TN 37901 USA. RP WANG, CY (reprint author), USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, HORT CROPS QUAL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 118 IS 6 BP 801 EP 806 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MP531 UT WOS:A1993MP53100021 ER PT J AU BURR, KE WALLNER, SJ TINUS, RW AF BURR, KE WALLNER, SJ TINUS, RW TI HEAT TOLERANCE, COLD-HARDINESS, AND BUD DORMANCY RELATIONSHIPS IN SEEDLINGS OF SELECTED CONIFERS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DOUGLAS FIR; PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII; ENGELMANN SPRUCE; PICEA ENGELMANNII; PONDEROSA PINE; PINUS PONDEROSA ID GROWTH AB Greenhouse-cultured, container-grown seedlings of interior Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) France], Engelmann spruce [Picea engelmannii (Parry) Engelm.], and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.) were acclimated and deacclimated to cold in growth chambers over 19 weeks. Heat tolerance and cola hardiness of needles, and bud dormancy, were measured weekly. Heat tolerance of Douglas fir and Engelmann spruce needles increased with development through the first complete annual cycle: new needles on actively growing plants; mature needles, not cold-hardy, on dormant plants; cold-hardy needles on dormant and quiescent plants; and mature, needles, not cold-hardy, on actively growing plants. Heat tolerance of ponderosa pine needles differed in two respects. New needles had an intermediate tolerance level to heat, and fully cold-hardy needles were the least tolerant. Thus, the physiological changes that conferred cold hardiness were not associated with greater heat tolerance in all the conifers tested. In none of these species did the timing of changes in heat tolerance coincide consistently with changes in cold hardiness or bud dormancy. RP BURR, KE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,2500 S PINE KNOLL DR,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 118 IS 6 BP 840 EP 844 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MP531 UT WOS:A1993MP53100028 ER PT J AU STOMMEL, JR HAYNES, KG AF STOMMEL, JR HAYNES, KG TI GENETIC-CONTROL OF FRUIT SUGAR ACCUMULATION IN A LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM X L-HIRSUTUM CROSS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE REDUCING SUGARS; SOLUBLE SOLIDS CONCENTRATION; SUCROSE; VEGETABLE BREEDING ID SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; DAUCUS-CAROTA L; TOMATO FRUIT; SINK METABOLISM; ACID INVERTASE; TRANSLOCATION; STORAGE; CARROT; SOLIDS AB Fruit of the cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) store predominantly glucose and fructose whereas fruit of the wild species L. hirsutum Humb. & Bonpl. characteristically accumulate sucrose. Reducing sugar and sucrose concentrations were measured in mature fruit of parental, F-1, F-2, and backcross (BC1) populations derived from an initial cross of L. esculentum 'Floradade' x L. hirsutum PI 390514. Generational means analysis demonstrated that additive effects were equal to dominance effects for percentage of reducing sugar. It was determined that a single major gene, dominant for a high percentage of reducing sugar, regulates the percentage of reducing sugar in tomatoes. We propose that this gene be designated sucr. Only additive effects were demonstrated to be important for glucose : fructose ratios. Using L. hirsutum as a donor parent for increasing total soluble solids concentration in the cultivated tomato is discussed. RP STOMMEL, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,VEGETABLE LAB,BLDG 004,RM 220, BARC W,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 118 IS 6 BP 859 EP 863 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MP531 UT WOS:A1993MP53100031 ER PT J AU PUTERKA, GJ SCORZA, R BROWN, MW AF PUTERKA, GJ SCORZA, R BROWN, MW TI REDUCED INCIDENCE OF LESSER PEACHTREE BORER AND LEUCOSTOMA CANKER IN PEACH-ALMOND HYBRIDS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE HOST RESISTANCE; LEUCOSTOMA PERSOONII; PRUNUS DULCIS; PRUNUS PERSICA; SYNANTHEDON PICTIPES ID RESISTANCE; PERSOONII; TREES; LEPIDOPTERA; CULTIVARS; TOLERANCE; SESIIDAE; CINCTA AB Damage by lesser peachtree borer (LPB) (Synanthedon pictipes Grote and Robinson) and Leucostoma canker that had accumulated during 6 (Orchard A) and 8 (Orchard B) years were compared in peach (Prunus persica L.) and peach-almond [P. amygdalus (Mill.) D. A. Webb] hybrids. Afterward, the main trunk and scaffold limbs of the trees received 10 wounds 26 mm in diameter and a subset of these trees in Orchard A had wounds inoculated with Leucostoma persoonii Hohn. Before wounding, Leucostoma canker infection and LPB infestations that had accumulated for 6 to 8 years on peach-almond hybrids was approximate to 60% and 98% less than on peach in Orchard A and B, respectively. One month after wounding the trees,no significant differences in Leucostoma canker infection and LPB infestations were found among the peach-almond hybrids, treated or not treated with L. persoonii, or untreated peach. Yet, Leucostoma-treated and untreated peach-almond hybrids had 33% and 25% less Leucostoma canker and LPB, respectively, when compared with Leucostoma-treated peach. Ten months after wounding; peach-almond hybrids treated with L. persoonii still had significantly less Leucostoma canker (60%) and LPB (25%) when compared with Leucostoma-treated peach. Wound gumming and wound closure rates seemed to influence the degree of LPB infestation and Leucostoma canker. Based on these data, peach-almond hybrids could be valuable sources of resistance to LPB and Leucostoma canker. RP PUTERKA, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 118 IS 6 BP 864 EP 867 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MP531 UT WOS:A1993MP53100032 ER PT J AU REED, BM AF REED, BM TI IMPROVED SURVIVAL OF IN VITRO-STORED RUBUS GERMPLASM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RASPBERRY; BLACKBERRY; SHOOT CULTURE; COLD STORAGE; PHOTOPERIOD; STORAGE CONTAINER; GENOTYPE ID COLD-STORAGE; INVITRO; CULTURES AB Medium-term in vitro cold storage of Rubus germplasm was investigated using various temperatures, photoperiods, and storage containers. Shoot cultures of several Rubus taxa were grown either in tissue-culture bags or 20 x 150-mm glass tubes. Cultures stored at 10C in darkness were in poor condition after 6 months. Overall survival and condition ratings were significantly better for bags than tubes when cultures were kept at 4C. Contamination was present in 14% of the tubes, but only 3% of the bags. Addition of a 12-hour photoperiod to 4C storage significantly improved both condition ratings and survival percentages of many individual genotypes. Evaluation of the 250-accession germplasm collection after 12 months at 4C (dark) showed 92% of accessions in bags and 85% in tubes in suitable condition to remain in storage. Storage of cold-sensitive genotypes in tissue-culture bags at 25C with a 16-hour daylength was extended to 9 months when the MS-medium nitrogen level was reduced to 25% of standard concentration. Survival of 'Mandarin' raspberry stored for 9 months improved from 40% at 4C (100% N) to 90% at 25C (25% N). Results of these studies suggest that most Rubus germplasm can be stored safely at 4C with 12 hours of light, Plastic tissue-culture bags are preferred over tubes due to higher survival and lower contamination rates. Storage at 25C on reduced-nitrogen medium is an alternative method for cold-sensitive genotypes. RP REED, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CLONAL GERMPLASM REPOSITORY,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 118 IS 6 BP 890 EP 895 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MP531 UT WOS:A1993MP53100038 ER PT J AU MENGELING, WL PAUL, PS LAGER, KM AF MENGELING, WL PAUL, PS LAGER, KM TI VIRUS-INDUCED MATERNAL REPRODUCTIVE FAILURE OF SWINE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article RP MENGELING, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 1 PY 1993 VL 203 IS 9 BP 1268 EP 1272 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ME540 UT WOS:A1993ME54000014 PM 8253615 ER PT J AU WILSON, WC CHASE, CCL AF WILSON, WC CHASE, CCL TI NESTED AND MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTIONS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS-INFECTION IN THE BITING MIDGE, CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE BLUETONGUE VIRUS; PCR; SEROGROUP-SPECIFIC; SEROTYPE-SPECIFIC ID HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE VIRUS; HYBRIDIZATION; CERATOPOGONIDAE; DIPTERA; SEGMENTS; PROTEIN; ASSAY AB Two polymerase chain reaction tests for the detection of bluetongue viral (BLU) RNA in the principal North American insect vector, Culicoides variipennis, were developed. The BLU serogroup specific test used the highly expressed non-structural protein 1 gene as the target gene and two amplification steps. First a 1228 base pair product was amplified using an outer primer pair, then a second amplification using a nested or internal primer pair produced a 930 base pair product. This nested PCR test was found to be very sensitive detecting an equivalent to 1 plaque-forming unit of BLU viral RNA extracted from infected biting midges. The serotype specific test used a multiplex PCR approach in which five different primer pairs were used simultaneously. Each pair was based on the variable outer capsid protein VP2 gene of the five US serotypes generating specific product which were easily identified by size difference. The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR was less sensitive than the nested-PCR but sufficient for use with field collected samples. These tests provide valuable tools for epidemiologic studies of BLU disease. RP WILSON, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,ARTHROPOD BORNE ANIM DIS RES LAB,POB 3965,UNIV STN,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA. NR 25 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD NOV PY 1993 VL 45 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(93)90138-H PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA MF521 UT WOS:A1993MF52100004 PM 8270654 ER PT J AU FUGUITT, GV BEALE, CL AF FUGUITT, GV BEALE, CL TI THE CHANGING CONCENTRATION OF THE OLDER NONMETROPOLITAN POPULATION, 1960-90 SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELDERLY POPULATION; MOBILITY TRANSITION; MIGRATION PATTERNS; GROWTH; STATES; COMPONENTS; PERSPECTIVE; AREAS; AGE AB Changes in the absolute and relative size of the elderly population since 1960 are decomposed into the underlying demographic components for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas and for nonmetropolitan subregions of the United States. Specifically, we examine the components of net migration and natural increase for those aged 0-64 and those 65 or older. Generally, the natural increase component for those 65 and over has increased since 1960, whereas that for those under 65 has declined. Metropolitan areas have consistently lost, and nonmetropolitan areas gained elderly migrants. Trends in elderly population change are far from uniform across nonmetropolitan America. In general, the ''aging'' of the nonmetropolitan population was predominantly due to elderly migration during the 1970-80 decade, and to the loss of young people both before and afterward. Recent trends give little support for the view that the 1970s was the beginning of a new phase of deconcentrated settlement, even for elderly persons. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP FUGUITT, GV (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT RURAL SOCIOL,1450 LINDEN DR,ROOM 314,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 SN 0022-1422 J9 J GERONTOL JI J. Gerontol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 48 IS 6 BP S278 EP S288 PG 11 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA MH025 UT WOS:A1993MH02500016 PM 8228002 ER PT J AU CANNING, PN LEATHERS, HD AF CANNING, PN LEATHERS, HD TI INFLATION, TAXES, AND THE VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL ASSETS SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID PRICES; LAND AB Recent literature suggests that the value of land may increase faster than the value of depreciable assets when inflation increases. Here, we affirm that result for the specific conditions facing agriculture-where the supply of agricultural land is nearly perfectly inelastic and the supply of depreciable inputs is nearly perfectly elastic. The result is confirmed using three different data sets. The result implies that factor intensity of land relative to depreciable assets may change over time in response to changes in inflation, even in the absence of biased technical change. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR & RESOURCE ECON,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP CANNING, PN (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 69 IS 4 BP 389 EP 403 DI 10.2307/3146456 PG 15 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MB314 UT WOS:A1993MB31400006 ER PT J AU STEARNS, F AF STEARNS, F TI AGROFORESTRY - PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE - JARVIS,PG SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Book Review RP STEARNS, F (reprint author), USFS,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,RHINELANDER,WI 54501, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1 BP 47 EP 48 DI 10.1016/0169-2046(93)90027-B PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA ML787 UT WOS:A1993ML78700005 ER PT J AU BEATTIE, SE STAFFORD, AE KING, AD AF BEATTIE, SE STAFFORD, AE KING, AD TI REEVALUATION OF THE NEUTRAL LIPIDS OF TILLETIA-CONTROVERSA AND TILLETIA-TRITICI SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID TELIOSPORES; CARIES AB Differential scanning calorimetry of whole teliospores and lipid extracts of Tilletia controversa Kuhn and T. tritica Tul. indicated that the lipid composition of teliospores was different than earlier reported. An exothermic peak at -40 to -45 degrees C and an endotherm at -25 to -15 degrees C indicated that the majority of lipids were triacylglycerols (TAG). Hot isopropanol was used to inactivate lipases during lipid extraction. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of extracted lipids showed that free fatty acids (FFA) were not present in great quantities unless water was present during lipid extraction. As measured by gas chromatography, FFA accounted for 1-5% of the lipid content in teliospores of Tilletia spp. The TAG content of teliospores was 60-80% of total lipids. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP BEATTIE, SE (reprint author), N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD & NUTR,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD NOV PY 1993 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1041 EP 1043 DI 10.1007/BF02537129 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA MF949 UT WOS:A1993MF94900015 ER PT J AU DANIEL, SL HARTMAN, PA ALLISON, MJ AF DANIEL, SL HARTMAN, PA ALLISON, MJ TI INTESTINAL COLONIZATION OF LABORATORY RATS BY ANAEROBIC OXALATE-DEGRADING BACTERIA - EFFECTS ON THE URINARY AND FECAL EXCRETION OF DIETARY OXALATE SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE LA English DT Article DE OXALIC ACID; OXALOBACTER FORMIGENES; INTESTINAL BACTERIA; OXALATE DEGRADATION; OXALATE BALANCE ID DEGRADATION; METABOLISM; ABSORPTION; HUMANS AB Oxalobacter formigenes, an anaerobic bacterium that degrades oxalate to CO2 and formate, colonises the intestinal tracts of man and other animals. In this study, the large intestines of laboratory rats were experimentally colonised with a strain of O.formigenes to examine effects of these bacteria on the fate of dietary oxalate. When rats (n = 6) were fed a standard rat diet plus 2 per cent sodium oxalate, urinary oxalate excretion was not significantly changed following inoculation and colonisation with O. formigenes. There was a consistent trend towards less oxalate excretion in faeces of rats after they became colonised with O. formigenes, but differences between colonised and non-colonised states were not significant. In an isotope recovery study, when rats were orally dosed with [C-14]oxalate, the percentage of C-14 in expired CO2 from three colonised rats was 10-fold greater than from three non-colonised rats. Although C-14 excretion in faeces was decreased three-fold in the group of colonised rats, C-14 activity in the urine of colonised and non-colonised rats was not significantly different. Thus, although O. formigenes colonised and degraded oxalate in the rat intestinal tract, under conditions of these experiments, this colonisation did not markedly influence urinary oxalate excretion. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0891-060X J9 MICROB ECOL HEALTH D JI Microb. Ecol. Health Dis. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 6 IS 6 BP 277 EP 283 PG 7 WC Ecology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Immunology; Microbiology GA QU021 UT WOS:A1993QU02100002 ER PT J AU VOISARD, C WANG, J MCEVOY, JL XU, PL LEONG, SA AF VOISARD, C WANG, J MCEVOY, JL XU, PL LEONG, SA TI URBS1, A GENE REGULATING SIDEROPHORE BIOSYNTHESIS IN USTILAGO-MAYDIS, ENCODES A PROTEIN SIMILAR TO THE ERYTHROID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA-1 SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN CATABOLITE REPRESSION; PUTATIVE ZINC FINGER; DNA-BINDING PROTEIN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SEQUENCE; EXPRESSION; CLONING; FERRICHROME; DOMAIN; ACID AB Ustilago maydis secretes ferrichrome-type siderophores, ferric-ion-binding compounds, in response to iron starvation. TA2701, a non-enterobactin-producing, non-ferrichrome-utilizing mutant of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2, was employed as a biological indicator in a novel screening method to isolate three N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced U. maydis mutants defective in the regulation of ferrichrome-type siderophore biosynthesis. These mutants displayed a constitutive phenotype; they produced siderophores in the presence of iron concentrations that would typically repress siderophore synthesis in wild-type strains. A 4.8-kb fragment of U. maydis genomic DNA capable of restoring normal regulation of siderophore biosynthesis in the constitutive mutants was identified. This segment of DNA contains an intronless open reading frame that specifies a protein of 950 amino acids containing two finger motifs similar to those found in the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1. Disruption of this open reading frame in a wild-type strain gave rise to cells that produced siderophores constitutively. Genetic studies indicated that the disruption mutation was allelic to the chemically induced mutations, confirming that the structural gene for a regulator rather than a suppressor gene had been cloned. Northern (RNA) analysis of the gene revealed a 4.2-kb transcript that is expressed constitutively at low levels in wild-type cells. The data support the hypothesis that this gene, which we designate urbs1 (Ustilago regulator of biosynthesis of siderophores), acts directly or indirectly to repress biosynthesis of siderophores in U. maydis. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN, USDA, PLANT DIS RESISTANCE RES UNIT, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RI Leong, Sally /I-8550-2012 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM33716] NR 54 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0270-7306 EI 1098-5549 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 13 IS 11 BP 7091 EP 7100 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MC844 UT WOS:A1993MC84400047 PM 8413298 ER PT J AU YOKOYAMA, S HARRY, DE AF YOKOYAMA, S HARRY, DE TI MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY AND EVOLUTIONARY RATES OF ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASES IN VERTEBRATES AND PLANTS SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTIONARY RATE ID CLASS-I; CLASS-III; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; LIVER-ENZYME; DNA-SEQUENCE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PROTEIN CHAIN; CDNA-CLONING; ADH GENE; EXPRESSION AB Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary rates for 36 alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) from vertebrates and plants are described, with ADHs from fission yeast and from baker's yeasts as outgroups. Vertebrate sequences include 15 mammalian, 2 avian, and 1 amphibian ADH, as well as one sequence deduced from a human pseudogene. Plant ADH sequences include 1 from a gymnosperm (loblolly pine) and 16 from angiosperms, in which 9 sequences are from monocots and 7 are from dicots. Phylogenetic analysis shows that ADHs from vertebrates and from plants are classified into two distinct groups, and the latter group is further divided into angiosperm and gymnosperm ADHs. Among three classes of vertebrate ADHs, class I and II ADHs are most closely related and evolved at much faster rates than did class III ADHs. The gymnosperm ADH has evolved more slowly than any angiosperm ADH. However, ADHs within both of the vertebrate classes I and II and class III groups have similar evolutionary rates, as do most of the ADHs within the angiosperm group. The rate of amino acid replacement for the vertebrate and plant ADHs is similar to 0.3-0.6 X 10(-9)/site/year. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST FOREST GENET,BERKELEY,CA. PACIFIC SW RES STN,BERKELEY,CA. RP YOKOYAMA, S (reprint author), SYRACUSE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BIOL RES LABS,130 COLL PL,SYRACUSE,NY 13244, USA. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA08241] NR 61 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1215 EP 1226 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA MH062 UT WOS:A1993MH06200006 PM 8277852 ER PT J AU HUANG, N COGBURN, LA AGARWAL, SK MARKS, HL BURNSIDE, J AF HUANG, N COGBURN, LA AGARWAL, SK MARKS, HL BURNSIDE, J TI OVEREXPRESSION OF A TRUNCATED GROWTH-HORMONE RECEPTOR IN THE SEX-LINKED DWARF CHICKEN - EVIDENCE FOR A SPLICE MUTATION SO MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-I PRODUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; REGULATED PRODUCTION; BINDING-PROTEIN; INSULIN; CALCITONIN; HEPATOCYTES; STIMULATION; BROILER AB Sex-linked dwarfism in chickens is a term of GH resistance that resembles the Laron syndrome in humans. The dwarfism found in chickens is due to a mutant gene (dw) carried on the sex chromosome. The homozygous dwarf (dwdw) chicken is characterized by reductions in stature and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels. Despite the absence of hepatic GH-binding activity, Southern blot analysis shows that there is no gross structural change in the gene for the GH receptor (GHR) in this strain of dwdw chicken. GH-dependent IGF-I production can be restored in cultured dwdw hepatocytes after transfection and transient expression of a chicken GHR (cGHR) cDNA, indicating that other factors that participate in GH-mediated IGF-I synthesis are intact. Northern blot analysis of liver, muscle, fat, and pituitary RNA from normal (DwDw) chickens shows a major transcript of 4.3 kilobases (kb) and three minor transcripts (0.8, 1.7, and 3.2 kb), which correspond to the cGHR. In contrast, the 0.8-kb transcript is the major cGHR transcript expressed in these tissues from dwdw chickens. Northern blot analysis with domain-specific probes shows that the 0.8-kb transcript in DwDw and dwdw liver contains only a small portion of the extracellular domain of the cGHR. A cDNA clone encoding this transcript has been isolated from a liver library prepared from a normal chicken. The 0.8-kb transcript corresponds to the first 325 nucleotides of the coding region of the cGHR, followed by a poly(A) tail. The presence of the poly(A) tail in the 0.8-kb transcript of both DwDw and dwdw birds was confirmed by an RNase H protection assay. Sequence analysis of the intron immediately downstream of this cleavage-polyade-nylation site shows a T-->C mutation of the GT in the 5'-splice donor site. These results suggest that the GHR deficiency of the sex-linked dwarf chicken is due to inappropriate splicing and destabilization of the full-length transcript, which would account for the absence of a functional GHR in these dwarfs. C1 UNIV DELAWARE, COLL AGR SCI, DEPT ANIM SCI & AGR BIOCHEM, DELAWARE AGR EXPT STN, NEWARK, DE 19717 USA. UNIV GEORGIA, USDA ARS, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT POULTRY SCI, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA. RI Nolen, Danielle/A-5250-2010; Crozier, Laura/C-5891-2011; Agarwal, Sunita/D-1428-2016 OI Agarwal, Sunita/0000-0002-7557-3191 NR 30 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0888-8809 J9 MOL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Endocrinol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 7 IS 11 BP 1391 EP 1398 DI 10.1210/me.7.11.1391 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MJ857 UT WOS:A1993MJ85700004 PM 8114754 ER PT J AU DOUDRICK, RL NELSON, CD NANCE, WL AF DOUDRICK, RL NELSON, CD NANCE, WL TI GENETIC-ANALYSIS OF A SINGLE UREDINIOSPORE CULTURE OF CRONARTIUM-QUERCUUM F SP FUSIFORME, USING RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA MARKERS SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CRONARTIUM QUERCUUM F SP FUSIFORME; FUSIFORM RUST DISEASE; GENETIC LINKAGE MAP; RAPD ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; RESISTANCE GENES; IDENTIFICATION; ISOZYME AB Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were developed for Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme, causal agent of fusiform rust disease on pines in the southern United States. Genetic linkages were identified between 103 marker loci in a population of 48 gametothalli and drops of spermatia produced from a single urediniospore culture. A preliminary genetic linkage map with eight linkage groups and 12 linked pairs is presented. Based on the extent of linkage detected among loci, the size of the nuclear genome of C. a. f. sp. fusiforme is estimated to be approximately 5100 recombination units. The 103 marker loci characterized are estimated to provide approximately 40% coverage of the genome. The random amplified polymorphic DNA markers may be of immediate utility in fingerprint identification of laboratory cultures and field isolates for epidemiological studies. Even this preliminary genetic linkage map has great potential for aiding in studies on the host-pathogen interaction in fusiform rust disease and monitoring variation in pathogen populations. RP DOUDRICK, RL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,GULFPORT,MS 39505, USA. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 902 EP 911 DI 10.2307/3760673 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA MU515 UT WOS:A1993MU51500005 ER PT J AU HAJEK, AE NELSON, PE HUMBER, RA PERRY, JL AF HAJEK, AE NELSON, PE HUMBER, RA PERRY, JL TI 2 FUSARIUM SPECIES PATHOGENIC TO GYPSY-MOTH, LYMANTRIA-DISPAR SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; FUNGAL ENTOMOPATHOGEN; FUSARIUM; LYMANTRIA DISPAR C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FUSARIUM RES CTR,UNIV PK,PA 16802. US ARS,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP HAJEK, AE (reprint author), BOYCE THOMPSON INST PLANT RES,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 937 EP 940 DI 10.2307/3760676 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA MU515 UT WOS:A1993MU51500008 ER PT J AU NAKASONE, KK SYTSMA, KJ AF NAKASONE, KK SYTSMA, KJ TI BIOSYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON PHLEBIA-ACERINA, P-RUFA, AND PINUS-RADIATA IN NORTH-AMERICA SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CORTICIACEAE; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; MATING TESTS ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; RIBOSOMAL DNA; AGARICUS-BITORQUIS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CONFIDENCE-LIMITS; GENE TREES; APHYLLOPHORALES; POPULATION; PHYLOGENIES; INHERITANCE AB Three closely related species, Phlebia rufa, P. acerina, and P. radiata, were analyzed with molecular, morphological, genetic, and physiological methods. Emphasis was placed on the phenotypically similar taxa P. rufa and P. acerina. Phlebia acerina is common and widely distributed in North America, but P. rufa occurs only in Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia. Although often considered conspecific, P. acerina and P. rufa are intersterile. In addition, differences in basidioma and cultural traits support their separation. At the molecular level, these species differ slightly in sequence of an internal transcribed spacer of the nuclear ribosomal DNA repeat and a part of the large mitochondrial rRNA gene. Restriction maps of the small mitochondrial rRNA gene and flanking regions provide further evidence that the species are distinct but closely related. This report includes basidioma and cultural descriptions of both species. Phlebia radiata is genetically distinct but shares many morphological and molecular traits with P. acerina and P. rufa. Cladistic analyses of molecular data showed that the three taxa are closely related relative to the outgroup taxa P. ludoviciana and P. subochracea. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BOT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP NAKASONE, KK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 70 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 996 EP 1016 DI 10.2307/3760683 PG 21 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA MU515 UT WOS:A1993MU51500015 ER PT J AU BRANHAM, BE PLATTNER, RD AF BRANHAM, BE PLATTNER, RD TI ALANINE IS A PRECURSOR IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF FUMONISIN B-1 BY FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE BIOSYNTHESIS; FUMONISIN; FUSARIUM MONILIFORME; MASS SPECTROSCOPY ID LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; CARCINOGENICITY; SPHINGOLIPIDS; SPHINGOSINE; TOXICITY; RATS AB The biosynthesis of fumonisin B-1 by Fusarium moniliforme was studied in liquid culture. Stable isotope labeled alanine was added as a precursor to static and shaken cultures of F. moniliforme. Incorporation of C-13 and H-2 labeled L-alanine into fumonisin B-1 was measured by GC-MS. Under static culture conditions, 20.8 mu g ml(-1) of FB1 were produced with a 5.5% level of incorporation of intact, labeled alanine into fumonisin B-1. Under shake culture conditions, much higher levels of fumonisin B-1 were produced with levels reaching 159-240 mu g ml(-1) by 21 days after culture initiation. A lower level of alanine incorporation, from 1.1-1.4%, was observed under these conditions. Under shake conditions, incorporation of labeled alanine was reduced because of the rapid metabolism of these cultures combined with the high level of fumonisin B-1 production resulted in rapid turnover of the added, labeled alanine and reduced percentage of incorporation. The evidence presented indicates that alanine is incorporated intact into fumonisin B-1. C1 USDA ARS,PEORIA,IL. RP BRANHAM, BE (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 20 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD NOV PY 1993 VL 124 IS 2 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1007/BF01103109 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA NL576 UT WOS:A1993NL57600006 PM 8008046 ER PT J AU GLOBERSON, A DAVIES, AJS JOSEPH, JA AF GLOBERSON, A DAVIES, AJS JOSEPH, JA TI IVTH-SERLING SYMPOSIUM ON THE BIOLOGY OF AGING - A SUMMARY SO NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,ARS,HUMAN NUTR CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. WEIZMANN INST SCI,REHOVOT,ISRAEL. UNIV LONDON,LONDON,ENGLAND. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0197-4580 J9 NEUROBIOL AGING JI Neurobiol. Aging PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 14 IS 6 BP 605 EP 609 DI 10.1016/0197-4580(93)90045-D PG 5 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA MH158 UT WOS:A1993MH15800013 PM 8295662 ER PT J AU RUMBLE, MA ANDERSON, SH AF RUMBLE, MA ANDERSON, SH TI MACROHABITAT ASSOCIATIONS OF MERRIAMS TURKEYS IN THE BLACK-HILLS, SOUTH-DAKOTA SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Merriam's turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo merriami) were introduced into South Dakota in the late 1940's and have since expanded to occupy the entire Black Hills. Because little is known of their habitat requirements and the effects of forest management practices on this important game species, macrohabitat selections patterns of Merriam's turkeys in the Black Hills, SD were studied. Habitat units of 3-32 ha were delineated and described with methods used by the Forest Service for assessing impacts of management activities on wildlife. Winter habitats of turkeys were ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) with greater than 70% overstory canopy cover. Summer habitats of turkeys were open ponderosa pine. Meadows were selected less than expected during all seasons. Resolution of conflicts over management of national forests depend largely on understanding of effects of management activities on wildlife species. Managing ponderosa pine at 14 to 18 m(2)/ha basal area in mature stands will reduce winter habitat for turkeys, but is consistent with summer habitat of adult turkeys without poults. RP RUMBLE, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,501 E ST JOE,RAPID CITY,SD 57701, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 67 IS 4 BP 238 EP 245 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ML611 UT WOS:A1993ML61100003 ER PT J AU GANSKOPP, D MYERS, B LAMBERT, S AF GANSKOPP, D MYERS, B LAMBERT, S TI BLACK-TAILED JACKRABBIT PREFERENCES FOR 8 FORAGES USED FOR RECLAMATION OF GREAT-BASIN RANGELANDS SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB During peak periods of their population cycles black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) may compete with other herbivores for forage and negatively impact the health and production of the forage resource. This study was conducted on the northern Great Basin Experimental Range near Burns, Oregon. Our objective was to establish the growing season relative preferences of jackrabbits for eight selections of grasses available for reclamation of Great Basin rangelands. Response variables included percent of plants defoliated and degree of utilization from plots supporting equal numbers of all selections. The percent of plants grazed and utilization levels of two crested wheatgrass cultivars were nearly twice those of the other grasses. Two cultivars of basin wildrye and one selection of Russian wildrye were avoided by jackrabbits, while one cultivar of bluebunch wheatgrass and two selections of thick-spiked wheatgrass were passively foraged upon. Seedings of unpalatable cultivars are suggested to: (1) discourage jackrabbit presence in right-of-ways where they pose a danger, (2) to reduce competition between jackrabbits and livestock for forage, or (3) reduce potential damage to ground cover or forage resources in critical areas during jackrabbit population peaks. Conversely, seedings of palatable cultivars might he used to lure jackrabbits away from less palatable, but more valuable crops or forages. RP GANSKOPP, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,N GREAT BASIN EXP RANGE,HC 71,451 HWY 205,BURNS,OR 97720, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 67 IS 4 BP 246 EP 250 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ML611 UT WOS:A1993ML61100004 ER PT J AU LICHTENSTEIN, A AF LICHTENSTEIN, A TI TRANS-FATTY-ACIDS, BLOOD-LIPIDS, AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK - WHERE DO WE STAND SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID UNITED-STATES DIET; PLASMA CHOLESTEROL; LINOLEIC-ACID; HUMANS; RATS; OIL; CIS AB According to conventional wisdom, dietary substitution of vegetable fats for animal fats reduces the risk of cardiovascular heart disease (CHD). However, all forms of vegetable fat are not alike, and new research indicates that consumption of hydrogenated rather than unhydrogenated vegetable oils may negatively influence plasma lipids and risk of CHD. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP LICHTENSTEIN, A (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 51 IS 11 BP 340 EP 343 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MJ601 UT WOS:A1993MJ60100006 PM 8108036 ER PT J AU MORELAND, DE CORBIN, FT MCFARLAND, JE AF MORELAND, DE CORBIN, FT MCFARLAND, JE TI OXIDATION OF MULTIPLE SUBSTRATES BY CORN SHOOT MICROSOMES SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGHER-PLANTS; N-DEMETHYLATION; LAURIC ACID; HYDROXYLATION; WHEAT; METABOLISM; CYTOCHROME-P-450; PRIMISULFURON; MAIZE; MONOOXYGENASE C1 CIBA GEIGY CORP,DEPT ENVIRONM FATE & EFFECTS,GREENSBORO,NC 27419. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP MORELAND, DE (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 29 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 47 IS 3 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.1006/pest.1993.1080 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA MF328 UT WOS:A1993MF32800007 ER PT J AU BRAUER, D TU, SI HSU, AF PATTERSON, D AF BRAUER, D TU, SI HSU, AF PATTERSON, D TI EVIDENCE FOR AN INDIRECT COUPLING MECHANISM FOR THE NITRATE-SENSITIVE PROTON PUMP FROM CORN ROOT TONOPLAST MEMBRANES SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd international symposium on inorganic nitrogen assimilation CY SEP 06-11, 1992 CL TIBERIAS, ISRAEL DE COUPLING; H+-ATPASE; HYDROLYSIS; MAIZE; TRANSPORT; ZEA MAYS ID H+-TRANSLOCATING ATPASES; KINETIC-ANALYSIS; VESICLES AB The nitrate-sensitive proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase (H+-ATPase) of tonoplast membranes plays an important role in regulating the flow of nutrients and metabolic waste between the cytoplasm and vacuole in the cells of plant roots. Relatively little information is available regarding the coupling between ATP hydrolysis and proton pumping by the nitrate-sensitive, tonoplast H+-ATPase. The coupling may be achieved either directly, i.e. the two reaction pathways share at least one common molecular step, or indirectly, i.e. the two reaction pathways do not share an intermediate step. These coupling mechanisms may be differentiated by the responses of the two events to external perturbation. The effects of the presence of nitrate in the assay medium on the rates of ATP hydrolysis and proton transport catalyzed by the tonoplast H+-ATPase from maize (Zea mays L. cv. FRB 73) were investigated. The presence of nitrate inhibited proton transport activity of the tonoplast H+-ATPase to a much greater degree than ATP hydrolysis. This differential response of the two activities to nitrate is the basis for a proposed reaction model for the tonoplast H+-ATPase that features an indirect coupling mechanism between ATP hydrolysis and proton transport. RP BRAUER, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PLANT & SOIL BIOPHYS RES UNIT,PHILADELPHIA,PA, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 89 IS 3 BP 588 EP 591 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MK550 UT WOS:A1993MK55000027 ER PT J AU TURANO, FJ KRAMER, GF AF TURANO, FJ KRAMER, GF TI EFFECT OF METABOLIC INTERMEDIATES ON THE ACCUMULATION OF POLYAMINES IN DETACHED SOYBEAN LEAVES SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GLYCINE-MAX; FABACEAE; SOYBEAN; ORGANIC ACID(S); CITRULLINE; DIFLUOROMETHYLARGININE; ARGININE; DECARBOXYLASE ID ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE; HIGHER-PLANTS; WATER-STRESS; INHIBITION; DEFICIENCY; NITROGEN; PROLINE; TOMATO; OZONE AB The effects of various nitrogen and carbon compounds on polyamine levels were examined using a detached leaf system in soybean. Leaves from 21-day-old soybeans were incubated in buffered solutions containing various nitrogen and carbon compounds separately or in combination. After a six hr incubation, polyamine titres were determined and compared against buffered controls. Leaves incubated in solutions containing 20 mM ammonia, glutamine, arginine or citrulline had increased putrescine and spermidine titres. The largest increase (16-fold) in putrescine was observed in leaves incubated in citrulline. Polyamine titres in leaves incubated in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) intermediates were lower than buffered controls. Leaves incubated in solutions containing both ammonia and a TCA cycle intermediate had polyamine titres similar to controls. A large reduction (79%) in polyamine titres was observed in leaves incubated in both citrulline and alpha-ketoglutarate, suggesting a strong interaction between carbon and nitrogen availability on polyamine accumulation. The accumulation of polyamines was predominantly due to arginine decarboxylase and not ornithine decarboxylase. Polyamine accumulation also appears to be dependent on light and protein synthesis. RP TURANO, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD NOV PY 1993 VL 34 IS 4 BP 959 EP 968 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90694-0 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA ME881 UT WOS:A1993ME88100010 ER PT J AU MITCHAM, EJ MCDONALD, RE AF MITCHAM, EJ MCDONALD, RE TI CHANGES IN GRAPEFRUIT FLAVEDO CELL-WALL NONCELLULOSIC NEUTRAL SUGAR COMPOSITION SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CITRUS-PARADISI; RUTACEAE; GRAPEFRUIT; CELL WALL; NEUTRAL SUGARS; GIBBERELLIC ACID; DEGREENING ID GIBBERELLIC-ACID; FRUIT AB Analysis of grapefruit flavedo cell walls detected seven neutral sugars. Arabinosyl and galactosyl residues were most abundant, followed by xylosyl, mannosyl, glucosyl and fucosyl residues. The percentage of the cell wall composed of neutral sugars (38%) decreased during development and ripening to 27%. There was a change in cell wall neutral sugar composition from June to April with a reduced percentage of flavedo cell wall galactosyl and arabinosyl residues as the season progressed. Degreening of fruit accelerated the decrease in flavedo cell wall galactosyl and arabinosyl residues, and a single preharvest spray with gibberellic acid, three months prior to harvest, reduced the decrease in flavedo cell wall galactosyl and arabinosyl residues, as well as reducing the rate of peel softening and loss of green colour. C1 USDA,US HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD NOV PY 1993 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1235 EP 1239 DI 10.1016/0031-9422(91)80007-N PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA MK874 UT WOS:A1993MK87400005 ER PT J AU WICKLOW, DT WILSON, DM NELSEN, TC AF WICKLOW, DT WILSON, DM NELSEN, TC TI SURVIVAL OF ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS SCLEROTIA AND CONIDIA BURIED IN SOIL IN ILLINOIS OR GEORGIA SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFLATOXIN; BACILLUS-MEGATERIUM; MYCOPARASITISM; POPULATION DYNAMICS ID PREHARVEST CORN; PARASITICUS; MAIZE AB We examined the survival of sclerotia and conidia produced by Aspergillus flavus var. flavus and A. flavus var. parasiticus that were buried at a depth of 10 12 cm for up to 36 mo (October 1986 to October 1989) in sandy field soils near Kilbourne, Illinois, or Tifton, Georgia. Substantial losses of conidial inoculum were recorded after the first year of burial in Georgia and after the second year of burial in Illinois. Conidia of A. f. parasiticus survived for longer periods in soil than did conidia of A. f. flavus. Most sclerotia from eight A. flavus strains were viable at the conclusion of the experiment (Illinois, 77-99% viability; Georgia, 68 100% viability), as measured by colony growth of A.flavus on potato dextrose agar. None of these sclerotia, however, germinated sporogenically on sand in moist chambers. Production of large numbers of fungal propagules in the soil suggested that some of the sclerotia had previously germinated sporogenically. The number of A. flavus propagules generated from buried sclerotia varied according to strain and location; numbers were maximum after the first growing season. Fungal colonization of A. flavus sclerotia buried in Georgia was dominated by Paecilomyces lilacinus; in Illinois the sclerotia were colonized most frequently by P. lilacinus and Periconia macrospinosa. C1 USDA ARS,BIOMETR SERV,PEORIA,IL 61604. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,COASTAL PLAINS RES STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. RP WICKLOW, DT (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 1993 VL 83 IS 11 BP 1141 EP 1147 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-1141 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ML049 UT WOS:A1993ML04900001 ER PT J AU PFENDER, WF KRAUS, J LOPER, JE AF PFENDER, WF KRAUS, J LOPER, JE TI A GENOMIC REGION FROM PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS PF-5 REQUIRED FOR PYRROLNITRIN PRODUCTION AND INHIBITION OF PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS IN WHEAT-STRAW SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; COTTON SEEDLINGS; DAMPING-OFF; SUPPRESSION; AGROBACTERIUM; INDUCTION; PLASMIDS; DISEASES; SYRINGAE; CEPACIA AB Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Pf-5, which produces many antifungal metabolites including pyrrolnitrin, inhibited mycelial growth of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in agar culture and suppressed ascocarp formation by the fungus on axenically infested wheat straw kept moist during incubation. Purified pyrrolnitrin was similarly inhibitory. A Tn5 mutant of Pf-5 that did not produce detectable levels of pyrrolnitrin did not inhibit P. tritici-repentis on a culture medium or on wheat straw. A genomic region of Pf-5 was cloned that restored the pyrrolnitrin-deficient Tn5 mutant to pyrrolnitrin production and antagonism to P. tritici-repentis in culture. Pf-5 did not persist or suppress P. tritici-repentis on naturally infested wheat straw incubated under simulated field conditions of fluctuating moist and dry periods. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,3420 NW ORCHARD AVE,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP PFENDER, WF (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 39 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 1993 VL 83 IS 11 BP 1223 EP 1228 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-1223 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ML049 UT WOS:A1993ML04900014 ER PT J AU COOKE, TJ RACUSEN, RH COHEN, JD AF COOKE, TJ RACUSEN, RH COHEN, JD TI THE ROLE OF AUXIN IN PLANT EMBRYOGENESIS SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Letter ID SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; POLAR TRANSPORT; CARROT EMBRYOS C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP COOKE, TJ (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 11 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD NOV PY 1993 VL 5 IS 11 BP 1494 EP 1495 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA MK555 UT WOS:A1993MK55500003 ER PT J AU VOGELIEN, DL HICKOK, LG AUGE, RM STODOLA, AJW HENDRIX, D AF VOGELIEN, DL HICKOK, LG AUGE, RM STODOLA, AJW HENDRIX, D TI SOLUTE ANALYSIS AND WATER RELATIONS OF GAMETOPHYTE MUTANTS TOLERANT TO NACL IN THE FERN CERATOPTERIS-RICHARDII SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SALT STRESS; NACL-TOLERANT MUTANTS; CERATOPTERIS-RICHARDII; ORGANIC SOLUTE ANALYSES; ION ANALYSES; WATER RELATIONS; FERN GAMETOPHYTE ID SALT TOLERANCE; SALINITY TOLERANCE; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; PLANTS; MECHANISMS; BARLEY; HALOPHYTES; RESISTANCE; CAPACITY; CHLORIDE AB The stl1 and stl2 mutations confer low and high levels of NaCl tolerance to gametophytes of the fern Ceratopteris richardii, respectively. As an initial characterization of these mutations, the levels of various organic solutes, tissue ion content and water relations were examined in the wild-type and mutant strains in the absence and presence of 60mol m-3 NaCl stress (a level which results in a 20, 15 and 0% reduction in gametophyte growth in the wild-type, stl1 mutant and stl2 mutant, respectively). All strains exhibited major changes in organic and inorganic solute levels and water relations in response to 60mol m-3 NaCl stress. Differences in organic solute levels and water relations between the wild-type and mutant strains in the absence and in response to 60mol M-3 NaCl stress were minimal. Analysis of tissue ion content showed that stl1 was associated with a slight reduction in Na+ accumulation during 60mol m-3 NaCl stress. stl2 was associated with (1) higher constitutive levels of K+ and (2) continued selective accumulation of K+ and reduced accumulation of Na+ during 60mol M-3 NaCl stress. A K+/Na+ ratio close to 1 was observed in the wild-type during 60 mol m-3 NaCl stress, while higher ratios were detected in stl1 and stl2(1.7 and 4.0, respectively). The findings of this study suggest that the tolerance imparted by stl1 and stl2 is associated with altered ion accumulation during NaCl stress, rather than an enhanced ability to accumulate organic solutes to be used for osmotic adjustment of the cytoplasm. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,INST AGR,DEPT ORNAMENTAL HORT,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON LAB,PHOENIX,AZ 85040. RP VOGELIEN, DL (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,INST AGR,DEPT BOT,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. OI Auge, Robert/0000-0001-6068-9557 NR 41 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 16 IS 8 BP 959 EP 966 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1993.tb00519.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MF246 UT WOS:A1993MF24600007 ER PT J AU TISSERAT, B GALLETTA, PD AF TISSERAT, B GALLETTA, PD TI PRODUCTION OF CUCUMBER FRUITS FROM THE CULTURE OF MARKETMORE-76 PLANTLETS SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article ID INVITRO; SHOOTS AB A procedure to produce fruits from cultured shoot tips of Cucumis sativus L. cultivar 'Marketmore-76' in vitro is described. Four-week-old shoot tips, derived from sterile germinated seedlings on a MS medium, were cultured in a 3.8-l Mason jar using an automated plant culture system. Tips readily generated roots, leaves and flowers after another 4 to 8 weeks in culture. Administration of compressed air at a 300 ml/min flow rate for 30 min 10 or 15 times a day induced the development of parthenocarpic fruits from flowers. Fruits, up to 170 mm long by 35 mm diameter, were obtained within 30 to 45 d after flower opening. RP TISSERAT, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,FRUIT & VEGETABLE CHEM LAB,PASADENA,CA 91106, USA. NR 7 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD NOV PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MG366 UT WOS:A1993MG36600008 PM 24196180 ER PT J AU SMITH, OP DAMSTEEGT, VD KELLER, CJ BECK, RJ HEWINGS, AD AF SMITH, OP DAMSTEEGT, VD KELLER, CJ BECK, RJ HEWINGS, AD TI DETECTION OF POTATO LEAFROLL VIRUS IN LEAF AND APHID EXTRACTS BY DOT-BLOT HYBRIDIZATION SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NUCLEIC-ACID HYBRIDIZATION; TOBACCO MOSAIC-VIRUS; YELLOW DWARF VIRUS; COAT PROTEIN GENE; PLANT-TISSUES; DENATURED RNA; CLONED CDNA; DNA; NITROCELLULOSE AB Cloned cDNA to potato leafroll virus (PLRV) RNA was evaluated for detection of PLRV in virus-infected samples from four states and the countries of Colombia and Russia. The use of formaldehyde was 32 times more effective than formamide for denaturing leaf tissue extracts in the dot-blot assay, and the sensitivity of the technique was estimated to equal that of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PLRV detection. These results, use of a commercial leaf sap extractor, detection of virus in bulk aphid samples, and use of the assay in a nonradioactive format demonstrate that the technology has potential for large-scale disease screening programs. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. RP SMITH, OP (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES UNIT,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 77 IS 11 BP 1098 EP 1102 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MH911 UT WOS:A1993MH91100007 ER PT J AU ROELFS, AP LONG, DL ROBERTS, JJ AF ROELFS, AP LONG, DL ROBERTS, JJ TI RACES OF PUCCINIA-GRAMINIS IN THE UNITED-STATES DURING 1992 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID STEM RUST; NOMENCLATURE; SYSTEM AB Wheat stem rust overwintered in southern and east central Texas, southern Louisiana, and southeastern Alabama. Yield losses to stem rust of wheat were traces, but a 1% yield loss in barley occurred in North Dakota. Race Pgt-QCCJ was the most common race, making up 50% of the 450 isolates from 170 collections. If only the 89 collections from wheat were considered, the most common races were Pgt-TPMK, QFCS, and QCCJ, comprising 53, 21, and 16% of the isolates, respectively. Eighty percent of the isolates of QCCJ were from cultivated barley, and 90% of all isolates from cultivated barley were race QCCJ. No virulence was found to wheat lines with ''single' genes Sr13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 37, Gt, or Wld-1. Oat stem rust overwintered in southern Texas and southern Louisiana. Yield losses in 1992 were negligible. Race NA-27, virulent to Pg-1, -2, -3, -4, and -8 was again the predominant race in the United States comprising 90% of the 279 isolates from 96 collections. NA-16, NA-5, and NA-23 were the other races isolated, comprising 7, 2, and 1% of the population, respectively. No virulence to Pg-9, -13, -16, or -a was found in the 1992 oat stem rust population. C1 USDA ARS,GEORGIA AGR EXPT STN,EXPERIMENT,GA 30212. RP ROELFS, AP (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 77 IS 11 BP 1122 EP 1125 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MH911 UT WOS:A1993MH91100013 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, DA PEADEN, RN AF JOHNSON, DA PEADEN, RN TI RUST RESISTANCE IN ASPARAGUS-F(1) HYBRID POPULATIONS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PUCCINIA-ASPARAGI; STEM RUST; CULTIVARS; INHERITANCE; WHEAT AB Rust severity was evaluated 3 yr in the field using the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) to classify rust resistance in 10 asparagus F1 hybrid populations derived from crosses among parents resistant, moderately resistant, and susceptible to Puccinia asparagi. The effect of genotype on rust severity was highly significant, and progeny were continuously distributed from low to high AUDPC in all 10 populations, indicating quantitative inheritance. The estimate of heritability using regression of offspring on the male parent was 55%. Highly resistant parents from the cultivars Jersey Giant and Jersey Titan had significantly greater specific combining abilities than parents from moderately resistant or susceptible cultivars. Progeny means were significantly skewed toward low AUDPC values, suggesting dominant resistance. Transgressive segregation for resistance was not observed in populations from highly resistant parents, but it was observed in some populations from moderately resistant parents. C1 USDA ARS,IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS CTR,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP JOHNSON, DA (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 77 IS 11 BP 1144 EP 1148 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MH911 UT WOS:A1993MH91100017 ER PT J AU SITTON, JW LINE, RF WALDHER, JT GOATES, BJ AF SITTON, JW LINE, RF WALDHER, JT GOATES, BJ TI DIFENOCONAZOLE SEED TREATMENT FOR CONTROL OF DWARF BUNT OF WINTER-WHEAT SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE TCK SMUT AB We evaluated difenoconazole (Dividend 3FS), thiabendazole (Mertect LSP), triadimenol (Baytan 30F), and carboxin plus thiram (Vitavax 200) as seed treatments for control of dwarf bunt (caused by Tilletia controversa) on the susceptible winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars Nugaines and Hatton. Seed was planted at various dates during the fall of 1990 and 1991 at Logan, UT; Kalispell, MT; Pullman, WA; and Cavendish, ID. Dwarf bunt was most severe on plants that had developed to the two- to five-leaf stage in late fall before snowfall. Difenoconazole at 0.12 g a.i./kg provided complete control at all locations when wheat was seeded at intermediate and late dates. A low incidence of dwarf bunt developed when seed treated with difenoconazole was planted at early dates at some locations or when difenoconazole was applied at 0.06 g a.i./kg. The other fungicides tested did not provide adequate control. C1 USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,NATL SMALL GRAINS GERMPLASM RES FACIL,ABERDEEN,ID 83210. RP SITTON, JW (reprint author), UNIV IDAHO,DEPT PLANT SOIL & ENTOMOL SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 77 IS 11 BP 1148 EP 1151 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MH911 UT WOS:A1993MH91100018 ER PT J AU WELZ, HG LEATH, S LEONARD, KJ AF WELZ, HG LEATH, S LEONARD, KJ TI SPORULATION BY RACE-0, RACE-2, AND RACE-3 OF COCHLIOBOLUS-CARBONUM ON SYNTHETIC MEDIUM AND STERILIZED CORN LEAVES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE BIPOLARIS-ZEICOLA; HELMINTHOSPORIUM-CARBONUM; MAIZE; ZEA-MAYS ID NORTH-CAROLINA; BIPOLARIS-ZEICOLA AB Isolates of races 0, 2, and 3 of Cochliobolus carbonum collected from two locations in North Carolina were grown in vitro at 20, 24, or 28 C on potato-lactose agar (PLA) or on water agar with either autoclaved green corn leaves or senesced corn leaves. Races, temperatures, and media all significantly affected sporulation. Temperature X race and substrate X race interactions were not statistically significant. Therefore, it seems unlikely that differences in sporulation by races 2 and 3 on corn are influenced differentially by temperature or simple nutritional factors. Averaged over all factor levels, race 2 sporulated best, followed by race 3 and then race 0. The races ranked in the same order when compared for parasitic fitness in an earlier survey of race frequency changes over time in the two fields where these isolates were collected. In another experiment with-318 C carbonum isolates from these two fields plus 14 from a field in Tennessee, race 2 mycelium grew significantly faster on PLA than mycelium of race 3 or race 0; any difference between race 3 and race 0 was not significant. Thus, mycelial growth rate may be a less reliable indicator of fitness than sporulation in vitro. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP WELZ, HG (reprint author), JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIV,TROPENINST,D-35390 GIESSEN,GERMANY. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 77 IS 11 BP 1153 EP 1157 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MH911 UT WOS:A1993MH91100020 ER PT J AU FERNANDO, WGD LINDERMAN, RG AF FERNANDO, WGD LINDERMAN, RG TI OCCURRENCE, DISTRIBUTION, AND PATHOGENICITY OF THE COWPEA ROOT AND STEM ROT PATHOGEN, PHYTOPHTHORA-VIGNAE, IN SOILS OF SRI-LANKA SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE DISEASE RESISTANCE; SUPPRESSIVE SOILS ID PYTHIUM AB A Phytophthora sp. isolated from stem and root lesions of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata 'California Blackeye') grown in a mixture of riverbank and forest soils in containers under greenhouse conditions was identified as P. vignae based on morphological characters and pathogenicity tests. P. vignae was isolated from soils in three of five cowpea-growing districts of Sri Lanka by baiting with plants of the susceptible cowpea cultivar California Blackeye or by floating disks of tea leaves over soil. However, the root and stem disease was apparent at only one site, suggesting that some field soils might be suppressive. Among the 25 field soils tested, the disease potential index varied from 0 in many fields to 16 in one field. Among the cowpea cultivars grown in Sri Lanka, MI-35, ETA, Muttessa, and Sudumung were most resistant. The U.S. cultivars Mississippi Purple, Purple Hulk, and Hercules were resistant to most isolates but susceptible to three-P006, P007, and P009. The morphological characters and pathogenicity of these three isolates on the U.S. cultivars differed from those of the other isolates, suggesting they were of a different race(s). No other legume tested-Vigna radiata (green gram), V. mungo (black gram), Phaseolus vulgaris (cvs. Top Crop, French Bean, and Kentucky Wonder), Glycine max (soybean), Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Mucuna pruriens (velvetbean), and Lanka kadala-was susceptible to the cowpea pathogen. C1 USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP FERNANDO, WGD (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 77 IS 11 BP 1158 EP 1164 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MH911 UT WOS:A1993MH91100021 ER PT J AU ALDERMAN, SC AF ALDERMAN, SC TI OCCURRENCE OF THE SLIME-MOLD DIDYMIUM-SQUAMULOSUM IN CREEPING BENTGRASS IN OREGON SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Note RP ALDERMAN, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 77 IS 11 BP 1168 EP 1168 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MH911 UT WOS:A1993MH91100024 ER PT J AU VANHAAREN, MJJ OW, DW AF VANHAAREN, MJJ OW, DW TI PROSPECTS OF APPLYING A COMBINATION OF DNA TRANSPOSITION AND SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION IN PLANTS - A STRATEGY FOR GENE IDENTIFICATION AND CLONING SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TRANSPOSITION; AC/DS; SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION; CRE/LOX, CHROMOSOMAL REARRANGEMENTS; DELETION MUTAGENESIS ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; T-DNA; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; RESISTANCE GENE; ELEMENT AC; TOBACCO; GENOME; ARABIDOPSIS AB The concept of gene identification and cloning using insertional mutagenesis is well established. Many genes have been isolated using T-DNA transformation or transposable elements. Maize transposable elements have been introduced into heterologous plant species for tagging experiments. The behaviour of these elements in heterologous hosts shows many similarities with transposon behaviour in Zea mays. Site-specific recombination systems from lower organisms have also been shown to function efficiently in plant cells. Combining transposon and site-specific recombination systems in plants would create the possibility to induce chromosomal deletions. This 'transposition-deletion' system could allow the screening of large segments of the genome for interesting genes and may also permit the cloning of the DNA corresponding to the deleted material by the same site-specific recombination reaction in vitro. This methodology may provide a unique means to construct libraries of large DNA clones derived from defined parts of the genome, the phenotypic contribution of which is displayed by the mutant carrying the deletion. C1 USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP VANHAAREN, MJJ (reprint author), BIOCENTRUM AMSTERDAM,INST MOLEC BIOL SCI,DEPT GENET,BOELELAAN 1087,1081 HV AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. NR 61 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 23 IS 3 BP 525 EP 533 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA MF435 UT WOS:A1993MF43500008 PM 8219087 ER PT J AU CORNEJO, MJ LUTH, D BLANKENSHIP, KM ANDERSON, OD BLECHL, AE AF CORNEJO, MJ LUTH, D BLANKENSHIP, KM ANDERSON, OD BLECHL, AE TI ACTIVITY OF A MAIZE UBIQUITIN PROMOTER IN TRANSGENIC RICE SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GUS EXPRESSION; HEAT SHOCK; ORYZA-SATIVA L; RICE TRANSFORMATION; UBIQUITIN ID ACT1 5' REGION; INDUCIBLE EXPRESSION; TRANSIENT EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; POLYUBIQUITIN GENE; HIGHER-PLANTS; CELL-CULTURE; HEAT-SHOCK; PROTOPLASTS AB We have used the maize ubiquitin 1 promoter, first exon and first intron (UBI) for rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Taipei 309) transformation experiments and studied its expression in transgenic calli and plants. UBI directed significantly higher levels of transient gene expression than other promoter/intron combinations used for rice transformation. We exploited these high levels of expression to identify stable transformants obtained from callus-derived protoplasts co-transfected with two chimeric genes. The genes consisted of UBI fused to the coding regions of the uidA and bar marker genes (UBI:GUS and UBI:BAR). UBI:GUS expression increased in response to thermal stress in both transfected protoplasts and transgenic rice calli. Histochemical localization of GUS activity revealed that UBI was most active in rapidly dividing cells. This promoter is expressed in many, but not all, rice tissues and undergoes important changes in activity during the development of transgenic rice plants. C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 54 TC 190 Z9 206 U1 0 U2 23 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 23 IS 3 BP 567 EP 581 DI 10.1007/BF00019304 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA MF435 UT WOS:A1993MF43500012 PM 8219091 ER PT J AU PALTA, JP WHITAKER, BD WEISS, LS AF PALTA, JP WHITAKER, BD WEISS, LS TI PLASMA-MEMBRANE LIPIDS ASSOCIATED WITH GENETIC-VARIABILITY IN FREEZING TOLERANCE AND COLD-ACCLIMATION OF SOLANUM SPECIES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; L-CV PUMA; WINTER-WHEAT; CONTRASTING HARDINESS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; LINOLENIC ACID; THAW STRESS; SEEDLINGS; INJURY; CELLS AB Simultaneous comparisons were made between a freezing-tolerant, cold-acclimating (CA) wild potato species (Solanum commersonii) and a freezing-sensitive, nonacclimating (NA) cultivated species (Solanum tuberosum). Comparative studies allowed differentiation of plasma membrane lipid changes associated with increased freezing tolerance following CA from lipid changes that can result from metabolic adjustment to reduced temperature during CA. Following CA treatment lipid changes found in both the NA and CA species included a decrease in palmitic acid, an increase in unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio, an increase in free sterols, an increase in sitosterol, and a slight decrease in cerebrosides. Lipid changes detected only in the acclimating species included an increase in phosphatidylethanolamine, a decrease in sterol to phospholipid ratio, an increase in linoleic acid, a decrease in linolenic acid, and an increase in acylated steryl glycoside to steryl glycoside ratio. These changes were either absent or opposite in the NA species, suggesting an association of these lipid changes with CA. Furthermore, the lipid changes associated with increased freezing tolerance during CA were distinct from lipid differences between the two species in the NA state. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP PALTA, JP (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 54 TC 120 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 103 IS 3 BP 793 EP 803 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MG605 UT WOS:A1993MG60500014 ER PT J AU DOTRAY, PA DITOMASO, JM GRONWALD, JW WYSE, DL KOCHIAN, LV AF DOTRAY, PA DITOMASO, JM GRONWALD, JW WYSE, DL KOCHIAN, LV TI EFFECTS OF ACETYL-COENZYME-A CARBOXYLASE INHIBITORS ON ROOT CELL TRANSMEMBRANE ELECTRIC POTENTIALS IN GRAMINICIDE-TOLERANT AND GRAMINICIDE-SUSCEPTIBLE CORN (ZEA-MAYS L) SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RYEGRASS LOLIUM-MULTIFLORUM; DICLOFOP-METHYL; MEMBRANE-POTENTIALS; COA CARBOXYLASE; ARYLOXYPHENOXYPROPIONATE HERBICIDES; CROSS-RESISTANCE; MAIZE; CYCLOHEXANEDIONE; SETHOXYDIM; MECHANISM AB Herbicidal activity of aryloxyphenoxypropionate and cyclohexanedione herbicides (graminicides) has been proposed to involve two mechanisms: inhibition of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) and depolarization of cell membrane potential. We examined the effect of aryloxyphenoxypropionates (diclofop and haloxyfop) and cyclohexanediones (sethoxydim and clethodim) on root cortical cell membrane potential of graminicide-susceptible and -tolerant corn (Zea mays L.) lines. The graminicide-tolerant corn line contained a herbicide-insensitive form of ACCase. The effect of the herbicides on membrane potential was similar in both corn lines. At a concentration of 50 mu M, the cyclohexanediones had little or no effect on the membrane potential of root cells. At pH 6, 50 mu M diclofop, but not haloxyfop, depolarized membrane potential, whereas both herbicides (50 mu M) dramatically depolarized membrane potential at pH 5. Repolarization of membrane potential after removal of haloxyfop and diclofop from the treatment solution was incomplete at pH 5. However, at pH 6 nearly complete repolarization of membrane potential occurred after removal of diclofop. In graminicide-susceptible corn, root growth was significantly inhibited by a 24-h exposure to 1 mu M haloxyfop or sethoxydim, but cell membrane potential was unaffected. In gramincide-tolerant corn, sethoxydim treatment (1 mu M, 48 h) had no effect on root growth, whereas haloxyfop (1 mu M, 48 h) inhibited root growth by 78%. However, membrane potential was the same in roots treated with 1 mu M haloxyfop or sethoxydim. The results of this study indicate that graminicide tolerance in the corn line used in this investigation is not related to an altered response at the cell membrane level as has been demonstrated with other resistant species. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 103 IS 3 BP 919 EP 924 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MG605 UT WOS:A1993MG60500029 ER PT J AU HAYMAN, GT BOLEN, PL AF HAYMAN, GT BOLEN, PL TI MOVEMENT OF SHUTTLE PLASMIDS FROM ESCHERICHIA-COLI INTO YEASTS OTHER THAN SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE USING TRANSKINGDOM CONJUGATION SO PLASMID LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FREQUENCY TRANSFORMATION; HANSENULA-POLYMORPHA; KLUYVEROMYCES-LACTIS; DNA; BACTERIA; TRANSMISSION C1 USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, BIOPOLYMER RES, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-619X EI 1095-9890 J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD NOV PY 1993 VL 30 IS 3 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.1006/plas.1993.1056 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA MJ037 UT WOS:A1993MJ03700006 PM 8302932 ER PT J AU CASON, JA BAILEY, JS COX, NA AF CASON, JA BAILEY, JS COX, NA TI LOCATION OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM DURING INCUBATION AND HATCHING OF INOCULATED EGGS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; CONTAMINATION; HATCHING; SHELL MEMBRANES; BROILER ID HENS EGG; CONTAMINATION AB Location of Salmonella during hatching of broiler chicks was studied in three experiments. Unincubated, fertile hatching eggs heated to 42 C were inoculated by immersion for 15 min in a 16 C physiological saline solution containing approximately 1 x 10(5) cfu/mL of a nalidixic acid-resistant strain of Salmonella typhimurium. All eggs were sanitized externally by wiping with a paper towel wet with 70% ethanol. When incubating eggs were transferred to a hatcher, each was placed in a closed paper bag to minimize cross-contamination. Unhatched eggs were sampled by cutting away the shell over the air cell, sanitizing the inner air cell membrane with 70% ethanol, and removing the contents through the membrane. Shells and membranes were crushed and mixed in 10 mL buffered peptone (BP). Yolks were dissected out, dipped in 70% ethanol, and mixed with 10 mL BP. Embryos or chicks and all surrounding fluid were rinsed in 100 mL BP. A total of 172 eggs was sampled. Shells and membranes were 100% Salmonella-positive 30 min after inoculation, but only 38% were positive after 17 to 21 days of incubation. No chick rinses were positive before pipping, but 15% were positive after pipping. Yolk samples were 2% positive before pipping versus 8% after pipping. A majority of chicks hatching from positive shells and membranes were Salmonella-negative. RP CASON, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 72 IS 11 BP 2064 EP 2068 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MD781 UT WOS:A1993MD78100009 PM 8265496 ER PT J AU HOLT, PS PORTER, RE AF HOLT, PS PORTER, RE TI EFFECT OF INDUCED MOLTING ON THE RECURRENCE OF A PREVIOUS SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE STRESS; FEED REMOVAL; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY; RECRUDESCENCE ID WHITE LEGHORN HENS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; FORCED MOLT; CHICKENS; EGGS; TRANSMISSION; PERFORMANCE; SECRETIONS AB Previous work in the authors' laboratory had shown that hens infected with Salmonella enteritidis (SE) during the feed removal phase of an induced molt shed significantly more SE and more readily transmitted SE to uninfected hens in adjacent cages when compared with unmolted hens. A study was conducted to examine the effect of induced molting on the recurrence and horizontal transmission of a previous SE infection. Hens aged 59 and 69 wk in Trials 1 and 2, respectively, were infected with SE and then molted 21 days later. In Trial 1, more molted hens were SE-culture-positive on Days 38 (P less-than-or-equal-to .005) and 45 (P less-than-or-equal-to .005) postinfection, and these hens shed more SE on these days (P less-than-or-equal-to .05 and P less-than-or-equal-to .005, respectively) than unmolted hens. Horizontal transmission of SE to previously uninfected but contact-exposed hens in adjacent cages was also higher in the molted group than the unmolted group on Days 38 (P less-than-or-equal-to .05) and 45 (P less-than-or-equal-to .001). Molted, contact-exposed hens also shed significantly more SE than unmolted hens. In Trial 2, the molted infected hens shed progressively more SE than the unmolted hens but the differences were not significant. However, more molted contact-exposed hens became SE-positive at Day 31 (P less-than-or-equal-to .05) and 38 (P less-than-or-equal-to .005) and also shed more SE on these days (P less-than-or-equal-to .05 and P less-than-or-equal-to .01, respectively) than the unmolted hens. Serum and intestinal antibody titers to SE were also examined in Trial 2. Molting appeared to exert no effect on the serum SE titers, but antibody titers in the alimentary tract were lower in the molted hens than the unmolted hens on Days 45 (P less-than-or-equal-to .005) and 52 (P less-than-or-equal-to .05). In Trial 1, three of eight molted directly infected hens and two of eight molted contact-exposed hens produced an SE-contaminated egg, but none of the unmolted hens produced any SE-contaminated eggs. In Trial 2, no SE-contaminated eggs were produced. RP HOLT, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 27 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 72 IS 11 BP 2069 EP 2078 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MD781 UT WOS:A1993MD78100010 PM 8265497 ER PT J AU MARTIN, A LILLEHOJ, HS KASPERS, B BACON, LD AF MARTIN, A LILLEHOJ, HS KASPERS, B BACON, LD TI ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC T-CELL PROLIFERATION FOLLOWING COCCIDIA INFECTION SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE T-LYMPHOCYTES; COCCIDIOSIS; IMMUNITY; GENETICS; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; EIMERIA-ACERVULINA; CECAL COCCIDIOSIS; GENETIC-CONTROL; CHICKENS; IMMUNITY; TENELLA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESISTANCE; RESPONSES AB Coccidia antigen-specific T lymphocyte proliferation induced by Eimeria acervulina was measured in chickens congenic at the major histocompatibility complex and in two unrelated lines. Sporozoites and merozoites induced high proliferation of lymphocytes following primary infection, with similar changes seen for splenic or peripheral blood lymphocytes. Highest antigen-specific proliferation after both primary and secondary infection was seen in Line 15I5, which contributed the background genome to the congenic lines. In general, merozoites elicited higher proliferation responses than sporozoites. Analyses of differences between uninfected and infected chickens showed that, at some points in the infection cycle, proliferation of lymphocytes was greater and at other times less for infected than uninfected chickens. C1 UNIV MUNICH,FAC VET MED,DEPT ANIM PHYSIOL,W-8000 MUNICH 2,GERMANY. USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. RP MARTIN, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 72 IS 11 BP 2084 EP 2094 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MD781 UT WOS:A1993MD78100012 PM 7505435 ER PT J AU FLETCHER, DL RUSSELL, SM WALKER, JM BAILEY, JS AF FLETCHER, DL RUSSELL, SM WALKER, JM BAILEY, JS TI AN EVALUATION OF A RINSE PROCEDURE USING SODIUM-BICARBONATE AND HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE ON THE RECOVERY OF BACTERIA FROM BROILER CARCASSES SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SODIUM BICARBONATE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; MICROBIOLOGY; SHELF LIFE; FOOD SAFETY ID SALMONELLA; WATER; EGG AB A patent entitled ''Reduction of Bacteria Count on Poultry Being Processed into Food at a Poultry Processing Plant'' (U.S. Patent No. 4,683,618) claimed that a three-step rinse process using sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen peroxide solutions would remove bacteria from the surface of broiler carcasses. In three replicate trials, 40 broilers were obtained postchill from a commercial processing plant. Broilers (n = 20) were treated according to the patent by spraying the inside and outside surfaces of each carcass with a 2% NaHCO3 solution for 5 s and rinsing with water, repeating, spraying with a 3% H2O2 solution for 5 s, and rinsing a final time with water. Controls (n = 20) were treated identically except that in each of the rinse steps tap water was used in place of the test solutions. Whole carcass rinses were conducted and total aerobic plate counts (TPC) and impedance detection times (DT) were determined after 1 h and 7 days at 4 C. The NaHCO3 + H2O2 treatment resulted in no significant difference in TPC at 1 h post-treatment but did result in lower TPC after 7 days and greater DT at both 1 h and 7 days. The procedure was effective in reducing the recovery of bacteria at 7 days post-treatment by .3 log10 but was not effective in removing the bacteria to the extent implied in the patent. Based on previous studies using H2O2, these results are not unexpected, but commercial applicability remains questionable based on actual reduction levels. C1 USDA ARS,RUSSELL RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP FLETCHER, DL (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT POULTRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 72 IS 11 BP 2152 EP 2156 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MD781 UT WOS:A1993MD78100019 PM 8265502 ER PT J AU LYON, BG LYON, CE AF LYON, BG LYON, CE TI EFFECTS OF WATER-COOKING IN HEAT-SEALED BAGS VERSUS CONVEYOR-BELT GRILLING ON YIELD, MOISTURE, AND TEXTURE OF BROILER BREAST MEAT SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POULTRY; BREAST; SENSORY ATTRIBUTES; TEXTURE; SHEAR VALUES ID OBJECTIVE TEXTURE; TENDERNESS; MUSCLE AB The sensory texture profile, shear values, yield, and moisture were determined for broiler breast muscle deboned at 2 or 24 h post-mortem (PM) and cooked in bags in water (WC) or on a belt-grill (BG) oven. The 24-h PM WC samples were significantly (P < .05) lower in yield. The WC samples were lower in moisture than BG samples. Samples deboned 24 h PM required significantly less force to shear than samples deboned 2 h PM. Within PM time, WC samples required more force to shear than BG samples. Factor analyzed data indicated that two primary categories of sensory attributes explained about 84% variation in data. Factor I (64%) included mechanical-geometrical characteristics (hardness, chewiness, fibrousness, and particle size and shape) and separated samples based on PM deboning time, Factor II (20%) related to moisture characteristics and discriminated samples on the basis of cooking method. Samples cooked by the BG method were more uniform in height, cooked faster, and exhibited a higher yield than WC samples. RP LYON, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 72 IS 11 BP 2157 EP 2165 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MD781 UT WOS:A1993MD78100020 ER PT J AU NORMANLY, J COHEN, JD FINK, GR AF NORMANLY, J COHEN, JD FINK, GR TI ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA AUXOTROPHS REVEAL A TRYPTOPHAN-INDEPENDENT BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY FOR INDOLE-3-ACETIC-ACID SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE AUXIN; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY SELECTED ION MONITORING; MASS SPECTROMETRY ID ORANGE PERICARP; SYNTHASE-BETA; PLANT; MUTANTS; CLONING; GENES AB We used tryptophan auxotrophs of the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (wall cress) to determine whether tryptophan has the capacity to serve as a precursor to the auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Quantitative gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring-mass spectrometry (GC-SIM-MS) revealed that the trp2-1 mutant, which is defective in the conversion of indole to tryptophan, accumulated amide- and ester-linked IAA at levels 38-fold and 19-fold, respectively, above those of the wild type. Tryptophan and free IAA were isolated from the trp2-1 mutant grown in the presence of [N-15]anthranilate and [H-2(5)]tryPtophan, and the relative N-15 and H-2(5) enrichments of tryptophan and IAA were determined via GC-SIM-MS. The N-15 enrichment of tryptophan, 13% +/- 4%, was less than the N-15 enrichment of the IAA pool, 39% +/- 4%; therefore, IAA biosynthesis occurs via a tryptophan-independent pathway. The amount of H-2(5) incorporated by the plant into IAA from tryptophan (9% +/- 4%) was low and only slightly above the level of spontaneous, nonenzymatic conversion of [H-2(5)]tryptophan to [H-2(5)]IAA. These results show that the dicot Arabidopsis is similar to the monocot Zea mays in that the major route of IAA biosynthesis does not occur through tryptophan. C1 MIT,WHITEHEAD INST BIOMED RES,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 32 TC 176 Z9 189 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 1 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 21 BP 10355 EP 10359 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.21.10355 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MF296 UT WOS:A1993MF29600126 PM 8234297 ER PT J AU STALLINGS, DA AF STALLINGS, DA TI INCREASED PROTECTION IN THE 1980S - EXCHANGE-RATES AND INSTITUTIONS SO PUBLIC CHOICE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TRADE-POLICY AB The strong appreciation of the U.S. dollar between 1980 and 1985 encouraged the substitution of imports for domestically produced goods for a variety of products. This, in turn, increased the demand for trade protection. Many of these demands were satisfied via ''apolitical'' U.S. antidumping and countervail regulations, yielding ad valorem tariffs well above current average statutory duties. The supply of trade protection is developed via a principal-agent model that describes the potential gains to both the regulatory agency and the legislator. Empirical results support the model specification, finding both exchange rate and political cycles in the use of ''apolitical'' trade protection. RP STALLINGS, DA (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-5829 J9 PUBLIC CHOICE JI Public Choice PD NOV PY 1993 VL 77 IS 3 BP 493 EP 521 DI 10.1007/BF01047857 PG 29 WC Economics; Political Science SC Business & Economics; Government & Law GA ME453 UT WOS:A1993ME45300002 ER PT J AU NICHOLS, WE CUENCA, RH SCHMUGGE, TJ WANG, JR AF NICHOLS, WE CUENCA, RH SCHMUGGE, TJ WANG, JR TI PUSHBROOM MICROWAVE RADIOMETER RESULTS FROM HAPEX-MOBILHY SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; SURFACE SOIL-MOISTURE AB The NASA C-130 remote sensing aircraft was in Toulouse, France from 25 May through 4 July 1986, for participation in the HAPEX-MOBILHY program. Spectral and radiometric data were collected by C-130-borne sensors in the visible, infrared, and microwave wavelengths. These data provided information on the spatial and temporal variations Of surface parameters such as vegetation indices, surface temperature, and surface soil moisture. The Pushbroom Microwave Radiometer (PBMR) was used to collect passive microwave brightness temperature data. This four-beam sensor operates at the 21 -cm wavelength, providing cross-track coverage approximately 1.2 times the aircraft altitude, Observed brightness temperatures for the period were high, ranging from above 240 K to about 290 K. Brightness temperature images appeared to correspond well to spatial and temporal soil moisture variation. Previous research has demonstrated that an approximately linear relationship exists between the surface emissivity and surface soil moisture. For these data, however, regression analysis did not indicate a strong linear relationship (r2 = 0. 32 and r2 = 0. 42, respectively) because of the limited range of soil moisture conditions encountered and the small number of ground measurements. When results from wetter soil conditions encountered in another experiment were included, the regression improved dramatically. Based on similar research with the PBMR and an understanding of the ground data collection program, this result was examined to produce recommendations for improvements to future passive microwave research and data collection programs. Examples Of surface soil moisture maps generated with PBMR data are presented which appear to be representative of the actual soil moisture conditions. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. RP NICHOLS, WE (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, DEPT GEOSCI, POB 999,MSIN K6-77, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 46 IS 2 BP 119 EP 128 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(93)90089-G PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA MD665 UT WOS:A1993MD66500002 ER PT J AU BAUSCH, WC AF BAUSCH, WC TI SOIL BACKGROUND EFFECTS ON REFLECTANCE-BASED CROP COEFFICIENTS FOR CORN SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION INDEXES; LEAF-AREA; CANOPY; CALIBRATION; PANELS AB A previously developed reflectance-based crop coefficient (K(cr)) for corn, estimated from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), has been shown to overestimate the basal crop coefficient (K(cb)) for corn by 24 % or more when used with a dark-colored soil. This overestimation occurs because the NDVI produces larger index values for the same vegetation amount over dark backgrounds. Thus, the purpose of this article was to investigate newer vegetation indices that have been developed to minimize soil background effects and to develop a reflectance-based crop coefficient for corn that applies over a wide range of agricultural soil reflectance. Two soils (light- and dark-colored) with red reflectance of 31 % and 13 %, respectively, were selected for this study. Reflectance data of the corn canopy were acquired with four combinations of these soils (light, dry; light, wet; dark, dry, and dark, wet) in trays inserted at the same place beneath the corn canopy. The soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), with an adjustment factor (L) set to 0. 5, was found to adequately minimize soil background influences from sparse to dense vegetation conditions. A linear transformation between the K(cb) for corn and the SAVI was used to convert the SAVI into the K(cr). The maximum difference for this K(cr) between the light, dry soil background and the dark, wet soil background (extreme cases) was less than 6 %. The K(cr) based on the SAVI corrects for a wet soil surface and requires no additional calibration to estimate the basal crop coefficient for corn grown on most agricultural soils. RP BAUSCH, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NAT RESOURCES RES CTR,WATER MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,AERC,CSU,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 30 TC 101 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 46 IS 2 BP 213 EP 222 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(93)90096-G PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA MD665 UT WOS:A1993MD66500009 ER PT J AU HENDRICKSON, LL DOUGLASS, EA AF HENDRICKSON, LL DOUGLASS, EA TI METABOLISM OF THE UREASE INHIBITOR N-(N-BUTYL)THIOPHOSPHORIC TRIAMIDE (NBPT) IN SOILS SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID N-(N-BUTYL) THIOPHOSPHORIC TRIAMIDE; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; HYDROLYSIS; PHOSPHOROAMIDES; RICE AB An experiment was conducted to relate the effectiveness of N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and its oxon analog N-(n-butyl)phosphoric triamide (BNPO) in controlling urea hydrolysis in soils to their corresponding soil concentrations. Both compounds were applied to an acid soil (pH 4.9) and to the same soil that had been neutralized (pH 7.1) by long-term liming or by the recent application of Ca(OH)2. Hydrolysis of urea applied with the inhibitors was monitored along with the disappearance of the compounds themselves. Both compounds controlled urea hydrolysis much more effectively in the neutral soils than in the acid soil. HPLC analysis of soil extracts demonstrated that both compounds disappeared more rapidly in the acid soil, and that the compounds disappeared at similar rates for both neutral soils, indicating that pH governed disappearance rates in these soils. Disappearance rates were generally first-order for both compounds, although NBPT disappeared at an accelerated rate at low concentrations, presumably due to its simultaneous conversion to BNPO. The effectiveness of both compounds in controlling urea hydrolysis was closely related to the concentrations of BNPO found in the soil. BNPO was generally maintained at higher concentrations following NBPT application than when BNPO was applied directly to soil. C1 USDA ARS,MWA,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP HENDRICKSON, LL (reprint author), JELLINEK SCHWARTZ & CONNOLLY INC,1015 15TH ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1613 EP 1618 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(93)90017-6 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ME163 UT WOS:A1993ME16300017 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, GS JUNGBAUER, JD SHIOZAWA, S HUNGERFORD, RD AF CAMPBELL, GS JUNGBAUER, JD SHIOZAWA, S HUNGERFORD, RD TI A ONE-PARAMETER EQUATION FOR WATER SORPTION ISOTHERMS OF SOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Simulation models of soil drying require relationships between the water content of the soil and the energy status (water activity or potential) of the soil water. A simple, one-parameter model has been found to be adequate for many such simulations. The model has the form: h = exp {-(M(W)/RT)exp[(1 - w/w(1))ln(-psi(o))]} where h is equilibrium relative humidity or water activity; M(W), R, and T are molecular mass of water, gas constant, and Kelvin temperature; w is gravimetric water content; and psi(o), is the water potential of oven dry soil. The parameter, w(1), is soil dependent, but can be predicted from measurements of clay fraction or air dry water content. Regression fits for the one-parameter model, using data from nine soils with different clay content, were comparable to those obtained with the three-parameter Fink-Jackson model. C1 UNIV TOKYO,DEPT AGR ENGN,BUNKYO KU,TOKYO 113,TOKYO,JAPAN. US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,MISSOULA,MT 59807. RP CAMPBELL, GS (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 7 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 156 IS 5 BP 302 EP 305 DI 10.1097/00010694-199311000-00002 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MH429 UT WOS:A1993MH42900002 ER PT J AU GOLDBERG, S FORSTER, HS HEICK, EL AF GOLDBERG, S FORSTER, HS HEICK, EL TI TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON BORON ADSORPTION BY REFERENCE MINERALS AND SOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE AB Information on the effect of temperature on B adsorption by soils and soil minerals is scant. These data are needed to understand B availability. Boron adsorption on goethite, gibbsite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, calcite, and two arid zone soils was investigated as a function of solution pH (3-12) and reaction temperature (10, 25, and 40 degrees C) after 2 h of reaction time. Boron adsorption on all materials increased from pH 3 to 7, exhibited a peak at pH 7.5 to 10, and decreased from pH 10.5 to 12. Temperature dependence measured as the increase of the B adsorption maximum at 10 degrees C compared with 40 degrees C on reference minerals increased in the order: calcite (3%) < goethite (7%) < gibbsite (18%) < montmorillonite (-20%) < kaolinite (26%). The kaolinitic soil exhibited greater temperature dependence than the smectitic soil. The B adsorption reaction was exothermic since B adsorption decreased with increasing temperature for all materials, except for montmorillonite at high pH. Highly specific ion adsorption is expected to be exothermic, suggesting an innersphere adsorption mechanism for B on all reference minerals except montmorillonite. RP GOLDBERG, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,US SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 20 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 156 IS 5 BP 316 EP 321 DI 10.1097/00010694-199311000-00004 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MH429 UT WOS:A1993MH42900004 ER PT J AU THICKE, FE RUSSELLE, MP HESTERMAN, OB SHEAFFER, CC AF THICKE, FE RUSSELLE, MP HESTERMAN, OB SHEAFFER, CC TI SOIL-NITROGEN MINERALIZATION INDEXES AND CORN RESPONSE IN CROP ROTATIONS SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORAGE LEGUMES; DRY-MATTER; POTENTIALS; AVAILABILITY; TILLAGE; ALFALFA AB Predicting N availability from legumes to a subsequent crop has been problematic. We tested the hypothesis that corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield and whole plant N accumulation could be predicted from N mineralization indexes of soil samples containing representative amounts of incorporated residues from the previous crop. Soil samples were taken from a crop rotation study conducted at four locations in Minnesota, in which corn was grown following eight crop treatments, including fallow, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), soybeans [Glycine max L. (Merr.)], corn, and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Corn received from 0 to 224 kg of fertilizer N/ha. Soil was procured from the plow layer during the 2 weeks before planting and to 1.5 m (for inorganic N) within 1 week after planting. Subsamples were subjected to acid permanganate, autoclave, and glucose extractions, inorganic N determination, and aerobic and anaerobic incubations. With stepwise multiple regression, 1 week of aerobic incubation contributed as much as did incubation times up to 12 weeks to models of grain yield and total N uptake at physiological maturity. Results of acid permanganate, autoclave, and glucose extractions, and of anaerobic incubation did not consistently contribute to the models. Over all locations, topsoil inorganic N and 1 week of aerobic incubation explained between 65 and 81% of the variability in grain yield and total N accumulation of nonfertilized corn. For fertilized corn, N application rate alone accounted for the majority of variability in grain yield and total N uptake. Two independent crop rotation experiments provided data used to validate the predictive capability of the regression models. Despite promising relationships derived from the initial experiment, results from validation experiments were not reliably predicted by these equations. Although analyses of soil samples containing crop residues for inorganic soil N and a particular N mineralization index may relate well to yield and N uptake by corn in a given year, variability among years may preclude general use of these models for predictive purposes. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA AGR RES SERV,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,E LANSING,MI 48824. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 156 IS 5 BP 322 EP 335 DI 10.1097/00010694-199311000-00005 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MH429 UT WOS:A1993MH42900005 ER PT J AU ULERY, AL GRAHAM, RC AMRHEIN, C AF ULERY, AL GRAHAM, RC AMRHEIN, C TI WOOD-ASH COMPOSITION AND SOIL-PH FOLLOWING INTENSE BURNING SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Thousands of hectares of wildlands are burned annually in the western United States. The composition and mineralogy of wood-ash produced by severe burning, and the changes in pH of soils underlying the ash, were examined at five sites in California. Soil pH increased by as much as 3 pH units (to pH 10.5) immediately after burning compared with unburned soil. Approximately 1 to 2% of each burn area was affected to a maximum observed depth of 20 cm. The major component of fresh, white wood-ash is calcite, while K and Na carbonates are present in minor amounts. The initial very high pH values of wood-ash and surface soil are caused by K and Na oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates. These compounds are very soluble and do not persist through the wet season. The calcite is much less soluble and was present in soils 3 years after burning, maintaining moderately alkaline pH in surface soils that are normally neutral to strongly acid. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. RP ULERY, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS,SALIN LAB,4500 GLENWOOD DR,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501, USA. NR 17 TC 158 Z9 160 U1 1 U2 33 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 156 IS 5 BP 358 EP 364 DI 10.1097/00010694-199311000-00008 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MH429 UT WOS:A1993MH42900008 ER PT J AU TORIDE, N LEIJ, FJ VANGENUCHTEN, MT AF TORIDE, N LEIJ, FJ VANGENUCHTEN, MT TI FLUX-AVERAGED CONCENTRATIONS FOR TRANSPORT IN SOILS HAVING NONUNIFORM INITIAL SOLUTE DISTRIBUTIONS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DISPLACEMENT EXPERIMENTS; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS AB The need to distinguish between volume-averaged or resident concentrations (c(r)) and flux-averaged or flowing concentrations (c(r)) is now widely accepted. Flux-averaged concentrations associated with the convection-dispersion equation (CDE) have been mostly used for solute transport problems involving uniform initial distributions. We present flux-averaged concentrations for nonuniform initial distributions using analytical solution methods for a semi-infinite soil system and numerical methods for a finite system. Mathematically, c(r) is equivalent to c(r) associated with a first-type inlet condition (rather than a third-type condition) only for semi-infinite soil profiles having uniform initial conditions. We show that, for a stepwise initial distribution, c(r) can be both negative or much greater than the initial concentration of c(r) especially during the early stages of solute displacement. This physically odd situation results from the fact that c(r) represents a solute Our rather than a directly measurable volumetric concentration. Flux-averaged concentrations at the exit of a finite soil column with a uniform initial distribution are nearly identical to c(r) for a semi-infinite system when the column Peclet number is greater than approximate to 5. However, if the initial distribution involves a high gradient in c(r) near the exit, c(r) values for finite and semi-infinite systems at the exit can be very different, similarly as those for c(r) because of the adoption of different outlet conditions. C1 US ARS,US SALIN LAB,RIVERSIDE,CA 92501. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1406 EP 1409 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MR829 UT WOS:A1993MR82900002 ER PT J AU LOGSDON, SD JAYNES, DB AF LOGSDON, SD JAYNES, DB TI METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY WITH TENSION INFILTROMETERS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DISK PERMEAMETERS; SOIL; MACROPOROSITY; INFILTRATION; SORPTIVITY; DESIGN AB Tension infiltrometers have become a valuable tool for understanding infiltration in macropores and the soil matrix, but methodology varies. Our objective was to compare tension infiltrometer techniques and calculation procedures for determining unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, K(h), as a function of soil water pressure head (h). Field tension infiltrometer measurements were run to determine K(h) from: (i) steady-state infiltration into an excavated one-dimensional column, (ii) calculated sorptivity and measured change in soil water content for steady-state three-dimensional infiltration into dry soil, (iii) steady-state three-dimensional infiltration with two infiltrometer base sizes, and (iv) steady-state infiltration for three negative heads at the same location using two different calculation schemes. For one scheme, a nonlinear regression method was used to fit a [a constant relating In(K) and h] and K(0) from measured infiltration across three negative heads. The fitted alpha and K(h) were then used to calculate K(h) at each negative pressure head. Calculated K(h) by the nonlinear regression method from three-dimensional infiltration measurements were 105% of measured one-dimensional rates (from excavated columns), closer than any other method of calculation. More importantly, this method did not result in calculated K(h) less than zero or larger than three-dimensional infiltration rates, as some calculation procedures did. The method did not depend on determinations of sorptivity or an initial or final soil water content. RP LOGSDON, SD (reprint author), US ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009 NR 26 TC 112 Z9 124 U1 3 U2 21 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1426 EP 1431 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MR829 UT WOS:A1993MR82900005 ER PT J AU SEYFRIED, MS AF SEYFRIED, MS TI FIELD CALIBRATION AND MONITORING OF SOIL-WATER CONTENT WITH FIBERGLASS ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE SENSORS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY AB Electrical resistance sensors, combined with data acquisition systems, offer a relatively inexpensive means of continuously monitoring soil water content (theta) at barely accessible remote sites. Fiberglass resistance sensors respond across the range of theta but require calibration. With field calibration, site-specific sail conditions are implicitly accounted for, but calibration results have not been presented in the literature. The objectives of this study were to determine the accuracy and precision of field-calibrated fiberglass resistance sensors and to demonstrate their application to monitoring at remote sites. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) was used for calibration. Sixteen individual sensor-TDR calibrations and one overall calibration combining all measurements shelved a strong log-linear relationship between TDR-measured theta and sensor-measured resistance. Individual calibration 80% confidence intervals ranged from 0.02 to 0.045 m(3) m(-3). Calibration statistics did not appreciably drift during the study. These results, and subsequent measurements, were unaffected by sail freezing, indicating that the sensors respond to liquid water content. The overall calibration 80% confidence interval was 0.065 m(3) m(-3) due largely to high variability among sensors. However, changes in theta could be estimated with reasonably accuracy. Most (73%) of the resistance measurements made the year after calibration were within +/-0.05 m(3) m(-3) of the TDR-measured value. Sensor response time was shown to be within the 1-h measurement interval. In this study, field-calibrated fiberglass resistance sensors provided reasonably accurate estimates of theta at a high level of spatial and temporal resolution. RP SEYFRIED, MS (reprint author), US ARS,NW WATERSHED CTR,800 PK BLVD,PLAZA 4,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1432 EP 1436 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MR829 UT WOS:A1993MR82900006 ER PT J AU BOWMAN, RA MOIR, JO AF BOWMAN, RA MOIR, JO TI BASIC EDTA AS AN EXTRACTANT FOR SOIL ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID GRASSLAND SOILS; CULTIVATION; RANGELAND; DYNAMICS; CARBON AB Soil organic P is an important source of plant-available P in the Great Plains. It is, therefore, important in conservation tillage agriculture, that we know the size and the potential availability far crop use of this large P pool, which could exceed one-half of the total P. We propose a one-step procedure with hot basic EDTA (ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid) for total soil organic P that requires minimum manipulation and analytical prowess. Soil samples (0.5 g) were incubated for 2 h at 85 degrees C with 25 mL of 0.25 M NaOH + 0.05 M Na(2)EDTA, after which time the organic P in the extracts was determined by persulfate oxidation. Results from the evaluation of nine soils from various parts of the USA and one Canadian soil showed significant correlations with an existing wet sequential extraction and a dry high-temperature ignition method for total organic P determinations. With the high-organic-matter Canadian soil, the EDTA method extracted 32% more organic P than the wet extraction method, and essentially the same as the dry ignition method. The new method appears to be especially useful for soils where organic acids and chelation mechanisms with P may be mere dominant than ester-type formations. C1 UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,DEPT SOIL SCI,SASKATOON,SK,CANADA. RP BOWMAN, RA (reprint author), US ARS,POB 400,AKRON,OH 44309, USA. NR 18 TC 108 Z9 115 U1 5 U2 28 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1516 EP 1518 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MR829 UT WOS:A1993MR82900020 ER PT J AU REICHMAN, GA TROOIEN, TP AF REICHMAN, GA TROOIEN, TP TI CORN YIELD AND SALINITY RESPONSE TO IRRIGATION ON SLOWLY PERMEABLE SUBSOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTH-DAKOTA; DRAINAGE; NITROGEN; WATER AB Crop yields in the northern Great Plains often could be improved with irrigation but many soils of this region have been considered nonirrigable because of their low hydraulic conductivity. This project was initiated to determine the leaching characteristics when irrigating two of these soils and to determine if harmful salinity increases would result from irrigation. We measured corn (Zea mays L.) yield and soil saturation extract electrical conductivity (EC(e) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR(e)) in response to irrigation plus precipitation of one, two, and three times the calculated evapotranspiration and to N fertility of 100 and 200 kg N/ha. The study was conducted for 5 yr at one site and 6 yr at another site, both in the northern Great Plains. Yield and increase of EC(e) at 100 kg N/ha were less than at 200 kg N/ha. At both sites, EC(e) increased but corn yield did not decrease during this experiment. The SAR(e) increased for all treatments but the maximum observed was < 10. Excess irrigation usually had no effect on yield and did not decrease yield. Such excess irrigation provided salinity control by leaching. Precipitation also leached these soils. Our data indicate that the soils tested, the top 2.3 m of the soil profiles at two sites, allow enough leaching to permit effective well-managed irrigation. C1 US ARS,NO GREAT PLAINS RES LAB,MANDAN,ND 58554. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1549 EP 1554 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MR829 UT WOS:A1993MR82900029 ER PT J AU MASKINA, MS POWER, JF DORAN, JW WILHELM, WW AF MASKINA, MS POWER, JF DORAN, JW WILHELM, WW TI RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF NO-TILL CROP RESIDUES ON CORN YIELD AND NITROGEN UPTAKE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL; MANAGEMENT; N-15; FERTILIZER; SYSTEMS; WHEAT AB The residual effects of crop residues on N availability and crop growth are largely unknown. A field experiment was conducted from 1986 through 1988 at Lincoln, NE, to determine the residual effects on no-till corn (Zea mays L.) production and N uptake of 0, 50, 100, and 150% of the amount of crop residues produced by the previous crop during the previous 5 yr. These effects were evaluated with and without tillage (disking), N fertilizer (60 kg N ha(-1)), and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth ssp. villosa, 'Madison') winter cover crop. Increasing the previous crop residue rate increased organic C, total N, and NO3-N in the upper 30 cm of soil as much as 10, 12, and 66%, respectively. Growth and N uptake by corn (3 yr average) generally increased as previous residue rate increased. Corn grain and stover production was 17 and 25% greater for the highest compared with the lowest previous residue rate. Uptake of indigenous soil N, but not fertilizer N, also increased as previous residue rate increased. Cover crops generally increased growth and N uptake with no fertilizer, but had little effect with N fertilizer. Soil properties, crop growth, and N uptake generally were not affected by tillage or interactions among the variables. These results indicate that increasing no-till crop residue rates increased the capability of this soil to provide N to growing crops for many years. It appears this effect is somewhat self perpetuating. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,US ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. PUNJAB AGR UNIV,LUDHIANA,PUNJAB,INDIA. NR 21 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1555 EP 1560 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MR829 UT WOS:A1993MR82900030 ER PT J AU GRANOVSKY, AV MCCOY, EL DICK, WA SHIPITALO, MJ EDWARDS, WM AF GRANOVSKY, AV MCCOY, EL DICK, WA SHIPITALO, MJ EDWARDS, WM TI WATER AND CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT THROUGH LONG-TERM NO-TILL AND PLOWED SOILS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MACROPORES; INFILTRATION; MOVEMENT; FLOW AB Flow in sell macropores has been implicated as a mechanism for accelerated movement of agrichemicals into groundwater under conservation tillage practices. Strontium bromide hexahydrate, atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5 triazine), and alachlor (2-chloro-2'-6'-diethyl-N-[methoxymethyl]-acetanilide) were surface applied to 18 undisturbed 0.3 by 0.3 by 0.3 m sail blocks collected from three Ohio sells subject to long-term no-till (NT) and moldboard plowing (MP). Two 30-mm rains were applied to the block surface, and leachate was collected from 64 cells at the bottom of each block Leachate volume, amount cf chemicals leached, and visible pare area on bottom surfaces were determined for each cell. Semivariograms of cell leachate volumes revealed that water flow in both NT and IMP soils is spatially uncorrelated at a scale of 30 to 300 mm. Principal component analysis at the cell level demonstrated that water flow in both NT and MP blacks followed preferential pathways. The NT blocks transmitted larger water volumes and chemical amounts than MP bloch; however, differences were rarely significant. Principal component analysis of transport in individual blocks suggested that the tillage differences resulted from a higher proportion of strongly preferential pathways in NT blocks. Discriminant analysis yielded significant separation in the soil hydraulic behavior as influenced by tillage and demonstrated the interaction in this behavior between soil type and tillage treatment. It has become clearer that rainfall timing and intensity following chemical application may overshadow tillage effects on water and chemical transport in soils. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT AGRON,WOOSTER,OH 44691. US ARS,N APPALACHIAN EXPTL WATERSHED,COSHOCTON,OH 43812. OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 27 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1560 EP 1567 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MR829 UT WOS:A1993MR82900031 ER PT J AU LAYTON, JB SKIDMORE, EL THOMPSON, CA AF LAYTON, JB SKIDMORE, EL THOMPSON, CA TI WINTER-ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN DRY-SOIL AGGREGATION AS INFLUENCED BY MANAGEMENT SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SNOW COVER; TILLAGE; TEMPERATURE; FROST AB Changes in surface soil structure during winter can increase soil erodibility. This study was conducted to examine winter-associated changes in dry soil aggregation as influenced by crop, residue, and tillage system. These changes were studied at says, KS, on a Harney silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiustoll) in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]-fallow rotation. Three tillage systems were used - clean tillage with residue buried, stubble-mulch tillage, and zero tillage. Residue and crop cover present during the winter was wheat residue, sorghum residue, and winter wheat. Measurements of dry aggregate stability, aggregate-size distribution as geometric mean diameter, and aggregate density were made before and after the winters of 1988-1989 and 1989-1990. Little difference occurred between clean and stubble mulch tillage systems, which were usually different from the zero-tillage system. Greater changes in aggregation occurred during the 1989-1990 winter when precipitation was greater. Residue maintained higher surface water contents, decreased freeze-thaw cycling and drying by sublimination, and decreased fluctuations in water content. Aggregates from plots with low residue cover decreased in stability more than aggregates from high residue treatments. Generally, differences in aggregation between tillage systems were maintained during the drier winter and minimized during the wetter winter. Soil aggregates were smaller, less dense, and less stable on the zero-tillage plots in March 1989. Therefore, insufficient residue production for wind erosion control in a zero-tillage system could lead to more erodible conditions than in a conventional tillage system. C1 US ARS,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. FT HAYS BRANCH EXPTL STN,HAYS,KS 67601. RP LAYTON, JB (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 23 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1568 EP 1572 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MR829 UT WOS:A1993MR82900032 ER PT J AU DAO, TH AF DAO, TH TI TILLAGE AND WINTER-WHEAT RESIDUE MANAGEMENT EFFECTS ON WATER INFILTRATION AND STORAGE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER; NO-TILLAGE; EVAPORATION; SORGHUM; GROWTH; SYSTEM; PLAINS AB In traditional winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping regions of the southern Great Plains, production constraints exist because of extreme variability in precipitation during planting periods. Intensive tillage aggravates dry early fall conditions to further hamper wheat emergence and growth. From 1983 through 1991, we determined the effects of three tillage and residue management practices on soil water storage in Bethany (fine, mixed, thermic Pachic Paleustoll) and Ren frow (fine, mixed, thermic Udertic Paleustoll) silt loams on a 2% slope near El Reno, OK. We measured soil management cumulative effects on soil bulk density and water infiltration during and after the 1990-1991 growing season. Every season, no-till soil consistently had higher volumetric water content in the 0- to 1.2-m depth, except in late fall or early spring when root-zone recharge took place for both soils. The gain was corroborated by increased water-holding capacity and de creased bulk density of no-till soils. Seasonal variability of field infiltration was more evident in plowed soil than in no-till soil. Such temporal dependence would affect surface distribution and flow of precipitation to explain differences in runoff, soil erosion, and environmental impacts of tillage systems between October and June. Water infiltration into no till soil was significantly higher than into plowed soil at similar water contents. Under pending, recharge occurred through macropores, directly wetting depths of 0.4 to 0.6 m of no-till soil, in contrast to a layered pattern in plowed soil. The phenomenon has many implications on profile recharge rate and solute transport in the field. Therefore, elimination of inversion tillage enhanced precipitation storage, thereby alleviating detrimental effects of climate variability in annual winter wheat cultivation. RP DAO, TH (reprint author), US ARS,POB 1199,EL RENO,OK 73036, USA. NR 30 TC 88 Z9 105 U1 6 U2 28 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1586 EP 1595 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MR829 UT WOS:A1993MR82900035 ER PT J AU VIGIL, MF KISSEL, DE CABRERA, ML RACZKOWSKI, CW AF VIGIL, MF KISSEL, DE CABRERA, ML RACZKOWSKI, CW TI OPTIMAL SPACING OF SURFACE-BANDED NITROGEN ON FESCUE SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TALL FESCUE; PERFORMANCE AB A recommended N application method for approximately 0.2 million ha of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) grown in Kansas is topdress banding in early spring. Optimal spacing of N fertilizer bands increases N use efficiency, thereby reducing expenditures for fertilizer and the potential for environmental contamination. The objective of this study was to develop and test a model to determine optimal spacing of surface-banded N from tall fescue dry matter measured on plots fertilized with single bands. A major assumption in the development of the model was: the yield at any point between two fertilizer bands is the sum of yield responses from adjacent bands. In 1985 tall fescue yields measured at various distances from single bands of N fertilizer (applied at rates of 30, 60, 90, and 180 kg ha(-1)) were used to develop the model. The yields on another set of plots fertilized in a complete factorial arrangement at rates of 60 or 180 kg N ha(-1), with band spacings of 25 and 50 cm, were used to test the model in 1984 and 1985. Measured and model-predicted yields indicated that optimal band spacing was near 25 cm. The model predicted a decrease in optimal band spacing with increasing N rates. The fitted regression of measured yield on predicted yield had a slope and an intercept not significantly different from one and zero, respectively, indicating a good fit between measured and modeled yields. This research provides a practical tool to predict fertilizer band spacings that maximize fescue yields at N rates between 30 and 180 kg N ha(-1). C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT AGRON,ATHENS,GA 30602. N CAROLINA AGR & TECH STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,GREENSBORO,NC 27411. RP VIGIL, MF (reprint author), US ARS,CENT GREAT PLAINS RES STN,POB 400,AKRON,OH 80720, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1629 EP 1633 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MR829 UT WOS:A1993MR82900042 ER PT J AU RHOTON, FE BRUCE, RR BUEHRING, NW ELKINS, GB LANGDALE, CW TYLER, DD AF RHOTON, FE BRUCE, RR BUEHRING, NW ELKINS, GB LANGDALE, CW TYLER, DD TI CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 4 SOIL TYPES UNDER CONVENTIONAL AND NO-TILLAGE SYSTEMS SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE SOIL; ACID SOIL; CORN; NITROGEN; WHEAT AB This study was conducted to determine how soils of different origin respond to no-till practices, with emphasis on organic C accumulation and its subsequent effect on soil properties. Tillage experiments which had been running for between 5 and 15 years on four southeastern USA soils with textures of sandy loam, loam, silt, and sandy clay loam were utilized. Soil samples were collected from conventional and no-tillage treatments at depths of 0-2.5, 2.5-7.6, and 7.6-15.2 cm. No-tillage plots had higher bulk density, aggregate stability, organic C, exchangeable cations and acidity, cation exchange capacity, and extractable P, K, and Mn, but most of these properties were not significantly different (P<0.05) from those of conventional plots. Modulus of rupture and extractable Fe decreased in the no-till plots. Most of these changes, other than bulk density, occurred as a result of increases in organic C content, and the lack of more significant differences is attributed to inadequate residue production and/or its rapid decomposition in this relatively hot, moist climate. C1 USDA ARS,SO PIEDMONT CONSERVAT RES LAB,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677. MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,AGR & FORESTRY EXPT STN,VERONA,MS 38879. USDA ARS,SOIL DYNAM RES LAB,AUBURN,AL 36831. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,JACKSON,TN 38301. RP RHOTON, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,OXFORD,MS 38655, USA. NR 38 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 28 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(93)90055-T PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MJ334 UT WOS:A1993MJ33400005 ER PT J AU WESLEY, RA SMITH, LA SPURLOCK, SR AF WESLEY, RA SMITH, LA SPURLOCK, SR TI ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS OF IRRIGATION AND DEEP TILLAGE IN SOYBEAN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS ON CLAY SOIL SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED-TRAFFIC SYSTEM; GROWTH; COTTON; YIELD; COMPACTION AB A 5-year study ( 1 987-199 1 ) was conducted on a Tunica clay (clayey over loamy, montmorillonitic, non-acid, thermic Vertic Haplaquept) to determine effects of irrigation and deep tillage on soybean yields and economic returns. Irrigation increased average yield of the conventional check treatment (disked) by 57% (3020 vs. 1924 kg ha-1 ). Under irrigation, yields from all deep-tilled treatments and the conventional check treatment were similar and averaged 3066 kg ha-1. Under non-irrigated conditions, yields from all deep-tilled treatments were similar, averaged 2829 kg ha-1, and were higher than the conventional check treatment that averaged 1924 kg ha-1. Average yields from the non-irrigated deep-tilled treatments were 92% as high as yields from comparable treatments with irrigation. Irrigation increased the average net returns of the conventional check treatment 75% ($206 vs. $118 ha-1). Over the 5-year study, average net returns to all irrigated treatments were similar and ranged from $ 194 to $206 ha-1. Net returns to the non-irrigated deep-tilled treatments averaged 156% higher than returns from the non-irrigated conventional check treatment ($302 vs. $118 ha-1) and was attributed to the higher yields of the deep-tilled treatments (2829 vs. 1924 kg ha-1). Net returns to the non-irrigated deep-tilled treatments also averaged 47% higher than returns from the irrigated conventional check treatment ($302 vs. $206 ha-1). This difference was attributed to the similarity of yields (2829 vs. 3020 kg ha-1) and the sizeable difference in specified costs of production ($335 vs. $481 ha-1) that favored non-irrigated production of soybean with deep-tillage. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. RP WESLEY, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS,FIELD CROPS MECHANIZAT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 28 IS 1 BP 63 EP 78 DI 10.1016/0167-1987(93)90056-U PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MJ334 UT WOS:A1993MJ33400006 ER PT J AU SYKES, M AF SYKES, M TI BLEACHING AND BRIGHTNESS STABILITY OF ASPEN BIOMECHANICAL PULPS SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE AGING; BRIGHTNESS; COLOR REVERSION; MECHANICAL PULPS; PEROXIDE BLEACHING; POPULUS; PULPING ID DIFFERENT FUNGAL TREATMENTS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; MECHANICAL PULPS; CHIPS AB Fungal treatment of wood chips prior to mechanical pulping saves energy and improves paper strength but reduces pulp brightness by as much as 15 points. If biomechanical pulping (BRMP) is to become commercially viable, BRMP must be bleached to the same brightness as other high-yield mechanical pulps. In this study the bleachability and brightness stability of BRMP from aspen treated with fungus (Phanerochaete chrysosporium or Ceriporiopsis subvermispora) were established and compared with those of traditional high-yield aspen pulps. Hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydrosulfite were used to bleach BRMP, refiner mechanical pulp (RMP), groundwood pulp, thermomechanical pulp, and chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) to nominal brightness levels of 60%, 70%, and 80%. Aspen BRMP could be bleached to 80% brightness with alkaline hydrogen peroxide and to 60% brightness with sodium hydrosulfite. Brightness stability was evaluated by subjecting bleached-pulp handsheets to accelerated photo- and thermal-aging tests. Stability of BRMP was slightly lower than that of RMP but slightly higher than that of CTMP RP SYKES, M (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 76 IS 11 BP 121 EP 126 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA MF640 UT WOS:A1993MF64000017 ER PT J AU HEBERT, JJ THIBODEAUX, DP AF HEBERT, JJ THIBODEAUX, DP TI SEED COAT FRAGMENTS IN COTTON YARNS SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Five Acala cottons, two with high and three with low seed coat fragment counts, were included in a study of fiber properties to determine plausible causes of the propensity for certain cultivars to produce a high seed coat fragment count. Physical properties were determined and compared for each variety grown in three locations. RP HEBERT, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 63 IS 11 BP 626 EP 628 DI 10.1177/004051759306301102 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA MJ572 UT WOS:A1993MJ57200002 ER PT J AU CHOI, HM WELCH, CM MORRIS, N AF CHOI, HM WELCH, CM MORRIS, N TI NONPHOSPHORUS CATALYSTS FOR FORMALDEHYDE-FREE DP FINISHING OF COTTON WITH 1,2,3,4-BUTANETETRACARBOXYLIC ACID .1. AROMATIC N-HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; CELLULOSE AB In place of the phosphorus-containing catalysts normally required in 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) treatment of cotton, aromatic N-heterocyclic compounds were used to accelerate formaldehyde-free durable press finishing. Imidazole and its derivatives with alkyl groups in various positions were effective catalysts for the esterification reaction of BTCA with cellulose. Such catalysts improved the retention of mechanical properties of the treated fabric relative to results with sodium hypophosphite at similar durable press ratings and wrinkle recovery angles. This can be due in part to the polar characteristics of these compounds, which allow ready penetration of BTCA during the treatment. The proposed reaction mechanism is the formation of an acylimidazolium salt as the cellulose-reactive intermediate, in addition to general base catalysis. Analyses by Fourier transform infrared spectra and nitrogen measurement confirmed the absence of permanent linkages between imidazole or its derivatives and cellulose. Ester/acid carbonyl groups were also quantatively measured using Fourier spectra. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP CHOI, HM (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,DEPT CLOTHING TEXT & INTERIOR DESIGN,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 23 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 63 IS 11 BP 650 EP 657 DI 10.1177/004051759306301106 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA MJ572 UT WOS:A1993MJ57200006 ER PT J AU HEBERT, JJ AF HEBERT, JJ TI STRENGTH OF THE PRIMARY WALL OF COTTON FIBERS SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Letter RP HEBERT, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 2 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 63 IS 11 BP 695 EP 695 DI 10.1177/004051759306301112 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA MJ572 UT WOS:A1993MJ57200012 ER PT J AU HAYES, PM LIU, BH KNAPP, SJ CHEN, F JONES, B BLAKE, T FRANCKOWIAK, J RASMUSSON, D SORRELLS, M ULLRICH, SE WESENBERG, D KLEINHOFS, A AF HAYES, PM LIU, BH KNAPP, SJ CHEN, F JONES, B BLAKE, T FRANCKOWIAK, J RASMUSSON, D SORRELLS, M ULLRICH, SE WESENBERG, D KLEINHOFS, A TI QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS EFFECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION IN A SAMPLE OF NORTH-AMERICAN BARLEY GERM PLASM SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE QTL; RFLP MAPPING; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; BARLEY ID MARKERS; POPULATIONS; AMYLASE; MAPS AB Quantitative trait locus (QTL) and QTL x environment (E) interaction effects for agronomic and malting quality traits were measured using a 123-point linkage map and multi-environment phenotype data from an F1-derived doubled haploid population of barley (Hordeum vulgare). The QTL x E interactions were due to differences in magnitude of QTL effects. Highly significant QTL effects were found for all traits at multiple sites in the genome. Yield QTL peaks and support intervals often coincided with plant height and lodging QTL peaks and support intervals. QTL were detected in the vicinity of a previously mapped Mendelian maturity locus and known function probes for alpha- and beta-amylase genes. The average map density (9.6 cM) should be adequate for molecular marker-assisted selection, particularly since there were few cases of alternative favorable alleles for different traits mapping to the same or adjacent intervals. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT STAT, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. USDA, ARS, CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. MONTANA STATE UNIV, DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI, BOZEMAN, MT 59715 USA. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP & WEED SCI, FARGO, ND 58105 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA. CORNELL UNIV, DEPT PLANT BREEDING, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. USDA, ARS, NATL SMALL GRAINS GERMPLASM RES FACIL, ABERDEEN, ID 83210 USA. RP HAYES, PM (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. NR 21 TC 273 Z9 290 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 87 IS 3 BP 392 EP 401 DI 10.1007/BF01184929 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA MK069 UT WOS:A1993MK06900016 PM 24190268 ER PT J AU SUDDUTH, KA HUMMEL, JW AF SUDDUTH, KA HUMMEL, JW TI SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER, CEC, AND MOISTURE SENSING WITH A PORTABLE NIR SPECTROPHOTOMETER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE ORGANIC MATTER; SOIL MOISTURE; HERBICIDES; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; VARIABLE RATE APPLICATION; OPTICS; CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY ID REFLECTANCE AB Soil reflectance data were collected with a portable near infrared (NIR) spectrophotometer and were correlated with soil organic matter content in laboratory and field tests. Laboratory calibrations yielded an r(2) of 0.89 and a standard error of prediction of 0.40% organic matter with 30 representative Illinois soils at 1.5 MPa and 0.033 MPa moisture tension levels. Limited in-furrow field operation produced much higher errors, due to the movement of soil past the sensor during data acquisition. Estimation of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil moisture content was also accomplished in the laboratory. C1 US AGR RES SERV,CROP PROTECT RES UNIT,URBANA,IL. RP SUDDUTH, KA (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,USDA ARS,CROPPING SYST & WATER QUAL RES UNIT,AGR ENGN BLDG,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 16 TC 106 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1571 EP 1582 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA MV974 UT WOS:A1993MV97400009 ER PT J AU PARTSCH, CM JARRETT, AR WATSCHKE, TL AF PARTSCH, CM JARRETT, AR WATSCHKE, TL TI INFILTRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF RESIDENTIAL LAWNS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE INFILTRATION; RUNOFF; TURFGRASS ID INTENSITY RAINFALL; RUNOFF AB Sixty-minute, constant-intensity simulated rains were applied to seven infiltration treatments designed to evaluate the influence of stripping and compaction on home lawns. Three treatments simulated home lawn construction practices. The control treatment was undisturbed, the ''stripped'' treatment had the topsoil removed and replaced, and the ''compacted'' treatment had the topsoil removed, the exposed surface compacted and the topsoil replaced. All plots were rototilled and raked before sodding to establish the grass. In addition, stripped and compacted treatments were identified and tested on a 6- and a 12-year-old lawn. All treatments were replicated six times. The K and lambda = n psi + na parameters in the Green and Ampt infiltration model were fitted to the cumulative infiltration data far each replication of each of the seven treatments. The time, t(r), when runoff began was recorded for each replication. The treatments generally divided into three groups. The most rapid infiltration occurred on the newly constructed control and stripped treatments (K = 85 mm/h), though the shape of the infiltration response and the time to the start of runoff were quite different The slowest infiltration occurred on the newly constructed and the 12-year-old compacted treatments (K = 33 mm/h). The reduction in infiltration into the compacted layer could still be seen 12 years after the compacted layer was developed even though there was a trend toward faster infiltration with age. An intermediate infiltration response occurred on both the 6-year-old stripped and compacted lawn and the stripped portion of the 12-year-old lawn (K = 54 mm/h). The reduced infiltration into the compacted layer in the 6-year-old lawn was attenuated by repeated aerations. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP PARTSCH, CM (reprint author), USDA,SCS,MORGANTOWN,WV, USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1695 EP 1701 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA MV974 UT WOS:A1993MV97400024 ER PT J AU VANKLAVEREN, RW MCCOOL, DK AF VANKLAVEREN, RW MCCOOL, DK TI FACILITY FOR HYDRAULIC TESTS OF A FROZEN SOIL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE FREEZE-THAW; ERODIBILITY; FLUME; SHEER STRENGTH; THAWING SOIL ID FREEZE-THAW CYCLES AB Predicting erosion from previously frozen and thawing soils has been a problem for decades. To study the effect of freezing and thawing on erodibility, a tilting flume with a radiative freezing apparatus was designed and constructed. The test bed of the flume was designed to allow a soil mass to be frozen and thawed from the surface under controlled soil moisture tension. Loose soil placed in the test bed was consolidated by cyclical increase and decrease of soil moisture tension. The freezing apparatus performed as calculated by the energy budget. Consolidation of loose soil by surface tension approximated field bulk density. After a series of tests, soil in the deeper portion of the test bed developed low hydraulic conductivity and slowed consolidation of the surface layer Rill evolution within the flume was similar to that observed in the field. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA,AGR RES SERV,LAND MANAGEMENT & WATER CONSERVAT RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP VANKLAVEREN, RW (reprint author), US SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,W NATL TECH CTR,ENGN STAFF,PORTLAND,OR, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1721 EP 1725 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA MV974 UT WOS:A1993MV97400027 ER PT J AU ELASSAAD, FG STEWART, LE MALLINSON, ET CARR, LE JOSEPH, SW BERNEY, G AF ELASSAAD, FG STEWART, LE MALLINSON, ET CARR, LE JOSEPH, SW BERNEY, G TI A SYSTEM FOR DISINFECTING POULTRY TRANSPORT CAGE SAMPLES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE DECONTAMINATION; PASTEURIZATION; CAGE; CRATE; SALMONELLA; POULTRY AB A disinfection system was designed and constructed to sterilize sample pieces of poultry transport crate materials. In the disinfection system, fecal material was mixed into the water of a test tank to simulate conditions typically occurring in crate washing systems in poultry processing plants. Sodium hypochlorite was added to water to disinfect samples. Results indicated that galvanized steel samples could be disinfected at 600 ppm chlorine concentrations and 43 degrees C water temperatures, which suggests that this type of system could be used for rapid, efficient decontamination of poultry transport. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MICROBIOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,USDA,AGR MARKETING SERV,COLL PK,MD. RP ELASSAAD, FG (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGR ENGN,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1821 EP 1825 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA MV974 UT WOS:A1993MV97400039 ER PT J AU HOWARTH, MS STANWOOD, PC AF HOWARTH, MS STANWOOD, PC TI TETRAZOLIUM STAINING VIABILITY SEED TEST USING COLOR IMAGE-PROCESSING SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE MACHINE VISION; CORN; VIABILITY AB Tetrazolium (TZ) staining is an important and common seed viability test. However, the conducting and interpretation of this test has proven to be extremely subjective and tedious. Using Zea mays (corn), a machine vision inspection system was developed to aid the seed testing staff in evaluating TZ staining results. Image processing and pattern recognition techniques were developed to measure the staining area and evaluate the viability of each individual seed. This system will provide a nonbiased evaluation of the staining results. RP HOWARTH, MS (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,USDA AGR RES SERV,NATL SEED STORAGE LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1937 EP 1940 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA MV974 UT WOS:A1993MV97400056 ER PT J AU GRIMBLE, DG BECKWITH, RC HAMMOND, PC AF GRIMBLE, DG BECKWITH, RC HAMMOND, PC TI NEW LEPIDOPTERA RECORDS FOR THE BLUE MOUNTAINS OF EASTERN OREGON SO USDA FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE ECOLOGY; DIVERSITY; BLACK-LIGHT TRAPS; NONTARGET LEPIDOPTERA AB Black-light trap collections in mixed-coniferous forests in eastern Oregon resulted in the identification of one Arctiidae, six Noctuidae, and one Geometridae species not previously known to occur in Oregon. The ranges of 18 other species of Noctuidae, known previously in Oregon from only the Cascade and Coast Ranges, were extended to northeastern Oregon. RP GRIMBLE, DG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3200 SW JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA FOR SERV PNW RES STN PI PORTLAND PA 333 SW FIRST AVE, PO BOX 3890, PUBLICATIONS DEPT, PORTLAND, OR 97208 SN 0882-5165 J9 USDA FOR SERV PNW RE JI USDA For. Serv. Pac. Northwest Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD NOV PY 1993 IS 469 BP U1 EP U6 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MV808 UT WOS:A1993MV80800001 ER PT J AU BOLIN, SR AF BOLIN, SR TI IMMUNOGENS OF BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conf on Characterization and Quantitation of Immunogens in Veterinary Biologics CY MAY 05-06, 1992 CL AMES, IA SP NATL VET SERV LABS, VET SURGEONS, ANIM PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV, USDA, CTR IMMUN ENHANCEMENT DOMEST ANIM ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MUCOSAL DISEASE; NEUTRALIZING ACTIVITY; CYTOPATHOGENIC STRAINS; MOLECULAR SPECIFICITY; HOG-CHOLERA; CATTLE; INFECTION; PROTEINS; CALVES AB Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a ubiquitous pathogen of cattle that induces economically important diseases affecting multiple organ systems. In the United States, over 150 biological products are licensed for control of BVDV. These products contain live or killed BVDV, and many products contain other viruses or bacteria. Potency tests for these vaccines are based on animal inoculation and serology. For live virus vaccines, titration of viral infectivity in cell culture is an accepted alternative to animal inoculation. The immunogens in a killed virus vaccine may be measured by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay. Immunogens of BVDV that stimulate a protective immune response have not been conclusively identified. Epitopes on a putative viral envelope glycoprotein, gp53, are involved in viral neutralization. Other viral glycoproteins, gp48 and gp25, are immunogenic but epitopes on these proteins do not stimulate production of antibodies that efficiently neutralize virus. Progress in developing meaningful in vitro assays for quantitation of BVDV immunogens awaits identification of viral proteins that stimulate a protective immunity. RP BOLIN, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL CATTLE RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 42 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 37 IS 3-4 BP 263 EP 271 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(93)90028-6 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA MM915 UT WOS:A1993MM91500008 PM 7509538 ER PT J AU BABLANIAN, GM GRUBMAN, MJ AF BABLANIAN, GM GRUBMAN, MJ TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FOOT-AND-MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS-3C PROTEASE EXPRESSED IN ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIOPHAGE-T7 RNA-POLYMERASE; POLIOVIRUS 3C PROTEASE; CELL-FREE EXPRESSION; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; ACTIVE PROTEASE; CLEAVAGE; INVITRO; PROTEINASE; PURIFICATION C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,NAA,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV PY 1993 VL 197 IS 1 BP 320 EP 327 DI 10.1006/viro.1993.1593 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA MB621 UT WOS:A1993MB62100033 PM 8212567 ER PT J AU DIONIGI, CP LAWLOR, TE MCFARLAND, JE JOHNSEN, PB AF DIONIGI, CP LAWLOR, TE MCFARLAND, JE JOHNSEN, PB TI EVALUATION OF GEOSMIN AND 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL ON THE HISTIDINE DEPENDENCE OF TA98 AND TA100 SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM TESTER STRAINS SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AMES TEST; OFF-FLAVOR; FLAVOR QUALITY; TOXICOLOGY; NATURAL PRODUCT; WATER QUALITY; FOOD SAFETY; MICROORGANISM ID WATER; SUBSTANCES; FLAVORS; ODOR; LAKE AB Low (ca 0.01 ppb) concentrations of the naturally occurring terpene derivatives geosmin (1alpha,10beta-dimethyl-9alpha-decalol) and 2-methylisoborneol [(1-R-exo)-1,2,7,7-tetramethyl-bicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptan-2-ol] (MIB), impart earthy/muddy ''off-flavors'' to many water and food resources. The presence of these ''off-flavors'' often elicits public concern over the safety of the affected resources. The ''Ames test'', assesses the induction of reverse mutation at the histidine locus in specially constructed Salmonella typhimurium tester strains, and is a widely used index of mutagenicity. This investigation indicated that neither MIB nor geosmin, when tested up to cytotoxic levels in both the presence and absence of exogenous metabolic activation, induced a mutagenic response in either strain TA98 or TA100 compared to controls. Doses of MIB and geosmin above 45.2 and 18.1 ppm, respectively, inhibited tester strain growth, indicating that high concentrations of these metabolites may exhibit an antimicrobial activity, possibly by a mechanism similar to that reported for certain other terpene derived alcohols. Food or water resources containing similar concentrations of geosmin or MIB would be extremely unpalatable and would probably not be consumed. C1 HAZLETON WASHINGTON INC,VIENNA,VA 22182. CIBA GEIGY CORP,DIV AGR,GREENSBORO,NC 27419. RP DIONIGI, CP (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 27 IS 11 BP 1615 EP 1618 DI 10.1016/0043-1354(93)90125-2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA LV880 UT WOS:A1993LV88000002 ER PT J AU MARTZ, LW GARBRECHT, J AF MARTZ, LW GARBRECHT, J TI AUTOMATED EXTRACTION OF DRAINAGE NETWORK AND WATERSHED DATA FROM DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL; HYDROLOGIC MODEL; DRAINAGE BASIN; DRAINAGE NETWORK; WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION; GEOMORPHOMETRY AB This paper discusses a computer program which extracts a number of watershed and drainage network properties directly from digital elevation models (DEM) to assist in the rapid parameterization of hydrologic runoff models. The program integrates new and established algorithms to address problems inherent in the analysis low-relief terrain from raster DEMs similar to those distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey for 7.5-minute quadrangles. The program delineates the drainage network from a DEM, and determines the Strahler order, total and direct drainage area, length, slope, and upstream and downstream coordinates of each channel link. It also identifies the subwatershed of each channel source and of the left and right bank of each channel link, and assigns a unique number to each network node. The node numbers are used to associate each subwatershed with the channel link to which it drains, and can be used to control flow routing in cascade hydrologic models. Program output includes tabular data and raster maps of the drainage network and subwatersheds. The raster maps are intended for import to a Geographical Information System where they can be registered to other data layers and used as templates to extract additional network and subwatershed information. C1 USDA,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,DURANT,OK 74702. RP MARTZ, LW (reprint author), UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,DEPT GEOG,SASKATOON S7N 0W0,SK,CANADA. NR 11 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 29 IS 6 BP 901 EP 908 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MW603 UT WOS:A1993MW60300004 ER PT J AU GARBRECHT, J MARTZ, LW AF GARBRECHT, J MARTZ, LW TI NETWORK AND SUBWATERSHED PARAMETERS EXTRACTED FROM DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS - THE BILLS CREEK EXPERIENCE SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL (DEM); DRAINAGE NETWORK; WATERSHED SUBDIVISION; DRAINAGE BASIN CHARACTERIZATION AB An automated extraction of channel network and subwatershed characteristics from digital elevation models (DEM) is performed by model DEDNM. This model can process DEM data of limited vertical resolution representing low relief terrain. Such representations often include ill-defined drainage boundaries and indeterminate now paths. The application watershed is an 84 km(2) low relief watershed in southwestern Oklahoma. The standard for validation is the network and subwatershed parameters defined by the blue line method on USGS 7.5-minute topographic maps. Evaluation of the generated and validation networks by visual comparisons shows a high degree of correlation. Comparison of selected network parameters (channel length, slope, drainage density, etc.) and of drainage network composition (bifurcation, length, slope, and area ratios) shows that, on the average, the generated parameters are within 5 percent of those derived from the validation network. The largest discrepancies were found for the channel slope values. The results of this application demonstrate that DEDNM effectively addresses network definition problems often encountered in low relief terrain and that it can generate accurate network and subwatershed parameters under those conditions. C1 UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,DEPT GEOG,SASKATOON S7N 0W0,SK,CANADA. RP GARBRECHT, J (reprint author), USDA,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 29 IS 6 BP 909 EP 916 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MW603 UT WOS:A1993MW60300005 ER PT J AU LISLE, TE ISEYA, F IKEDA, H AF LISLE, TE ISEYA, F IKEDA, H TI RESPONSE OF A CHANNEL WITH ALTERNATE BARS TO A DECREASE IN SUPPLY OF MIXED-SIZE BED-LOAD - A FLUME EXPERIMENT SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-LAYER; GRAVEL; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT; STREAMS; RIVERS; ENTRAINMENT AB The response of a channel with a topography and modeled bed material size typical of gravel bed rivers to reductions in sediment supply was investigated in a laboratory flume filled and fed with a sand-gravel mixture. After a series of quasi-stationary altemate bars were formed under equilibrium sediment transport, feed rate was reduced in two steps to one third and one tenth the initial rate as discharge was held constant. The primary response following both reductions was an increase in bed surface particle size as a corridor of intensive bed load transport contracted and local transport rates decreased. After the first feed rate reduction, the channel incised by twice the mean water depth, on average, and caused distal bar surfaces to emerge as terracelike features. Bar roughness decreased, and mean boundary shear stress exerted on bed surface particles increased. Little incision occurred after the second feed rate reduction. C1 UNIV TSUKUBA,ENVIRONM POSTGRAD SCH,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. RP LISLE, TE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 19 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 29 IS 11 BP 3623 EP 3629 DI 10.1029/93WR01673 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA MF770 UT WOS:A1993MF77000003 ER PT J AU SIMPKINS, WW PARKIN, TB AF SIMPKINS, WW PARKIN, TB TI HYDROGEOLOGY AND REDOX GEOCHEMISTRY OF CH4 IN A LATE WISCONSINAN TILL AND LOESS SEQUENCE IN CENTRAL IOWA SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INTERSTITIAL WATER; METHANE PRODUCTION; SULFATE REDUCTION; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; GLACIAL DEPOSITS; ISOTOPE EVIDENCE; METHANOGENESIS; OXIDATION; SYSTEMS AB The hydrogeology and redox geochemistry of CH4 in two hydrogeological settings within a late Wisconsinan till and loess sequence in central Iowa were investigated using CH4, Eh, dissolved O2, NO3-N, NH4-N, dissolved Fe, SO4, H2S, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), deltaC-13-CH4, deltaH-2-CH4, deltaC-13 of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and C-14-CH4. Depleted deltaC-13-CH4 and deltaH-2-CH4 Values, enriched deltaC-13-DIC values, and the lack of higher hydrocarbons suggest that the CH4 is Microbial and is formed by CO2 reduction. Carbon 14 dates of CH4 indicate that 14,000- to 17,000-year-old POC and DOC in the loess and till compose the substrate for methanogenesis. Production of CH4 probably began after deglaciation at about 12,000 years B.P. and has continued to the present. Groundwater recharge, particularly in the upland topographic position at the site, has decreased CH4 concentrations in the upper part of the till. C1 USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP SIMPKINS, WW (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT GEOL & ATMOSPHER SCI,253 SCI 1,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 79 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 29 IS 11 BP 3643 EP 3657 DI 10.1029/93WR01687 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA MF770 UT WOS:A1993MF77000005 ER PT J AU GLAHN, RP AF GLAHN, RP TI MYCOTOXINS AND THE AVIAN KIDNEY - ASSESSMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL-FUNCTION SO WORLDS POULTRY SCIENCE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE MYCOTOXINS; RENAL FUNCTION; KIDNEY; CITRININ; OCHRATOXIN A; AFLATOXIN B-1 ID WHITE LEGHORN PULLETS; YOUNG BROILER CHICKS; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; OCHRATOXIN-A; RENAL-FUNCTION; AFLATOXICOSIS; CITRININ; METABOLISM; PHOSPHORUS; INFUSION AB The avian kidney has shown a remarkable ability to maintain adequate and even normal function in the face of a mycotoxin challenge. Full evaluation of the nephrotoxicity of a substance must therefore go beyond pathological and ultrastructural documentation and include a complete functional evaluation. To date, only three nephrogenic mycotoxins, citrinin, ochratoxin A, and aflatoxin B-1 have been assessed for their ability to alter avian renal function. At non-lethal doses, citrinin appears to have acute reversible effects on the distal portion of the nephron, possibly acting to inhibit water absorption. Ochratoxin A is more potent and less acute than citrinin,but less site-specific in that both proximal and distal tubules are damaged, resulting in severe loss of both fluids and electrolytes. Aflatoxin B-1 at a dosage and duration which induced hepatotoxicity, concurrently exerted nephrogenic effects such as increased urinary calcium excretion and decreased inorganic phosphate excretion. In commercial broilers aflatoxin B-1 has been shown to decrease plasma levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D and may also decrease endogenous parathyroid hormone synthesis and the renal sensitivity to parathyroid hormone. Furthermore, exposure to aflatoxin B-1 may cause prolonged alteration in renal function such as reduced glomerular filtration rate. This review summarizes the studies which have been conducted to evaluate avian renal function during both acute and chronic exposure to these three mycotoxins. RP GLAHN, RP (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 6 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0043-9339 J9 WORLD POULTRY SCI J JI Worlds Poult. Sci. J. PD NOV PY 1993 VL 49 IS 3 BP 242 EP 250 DI 10.1079/WPS19930022 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MN340 UT WOS:A1993MN34000004 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, EL AF JOHNSON, EL TI DIURNAL FLUCTUATIONS OF COCAINE AND POTENTIAL PRECURSORS IN LEAVES OF ERYTHROXYLUM-COCA SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE DIURNAL FLUCTUATION; ERYTHROXYLUM COCA; COCAINE; ARGININE; PHENYLALANINE ID TRANSFORMED ROOT CULTURES; TROPANE ALKALOIDS; DATURA-STRAMONIUM; BIOSYNTHESIS; INTERMEDIATE AB Cocaine is abundant in leaves of Erythroxylum coca var. coca Lam. Consequently, cocaine and two of its early biosynthetic precursors were monitored for 24 h to determine whether they fluctuated diurnally. E. coca was grown under controlled environmental conditions in a growth chamber in soil at pH 3.5. After 17.5 months of growth, leaves not less than 35 days old were harvested every 2 and 4 h for 24 h for arginine, phenylalanine and cocaine content, respectively. The content of cocaine was determined by GC/MS and amino acid content by HPLC. Diurnal fluctuation of cocaine occurred during the 24 h cycle. Cocaine was highest in leaves of E. coca at 8 and 16 h where its content was 7.67 and 9.45 mg.g(-1) dry weight, respectively. Arginine and phenylalanine in leaves of E. coca also displayed diurnal rhythmic pat terns of fluctuation. The content of arginine declined from hours 6 to 12 and increased to the highest content at 13 h (21.8 mg.g(-1) dry weight). Overall, phenylalanine content was lower than arginine, but had two peak periods of accumulation during the 24 h cycle, occurring at 8 and 14 h. The content of phenylalanine in leaves of E. coca during the peak hours was 6.98 and 6.54 mg.g(-1) dry weight, respectively. RP JOHNSON, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,WEED SCI LAB,BARC-W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD NOV-DEC PY 1993 VL 48 IS 11-12 BP 863 EP 866 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA MQ186 UT WOS:A1993MQ18600008 PM 8297424 ER PT J AU HALLING, SM TATUM, FM BRICKER, BJ AF HALLING, SM TATUM, FM BRICKER, BJ TI SEQUENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN INSERTION-SEQUENCE, IS711, FROM BRUCELLA-OVIS SO GENE LA English DT Note DE SEQUENCE DIVERGENCE; INVERTED REPEATS; TARGET SITE; TRANSPOSASE; FRAMESHIFTING; BRUCELLOSIS ID SHIGELLA-DYSENTERIAE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENUS BRUCELLA; DNA-POLYMERASE; TRANSPOSITION; IS1; POLYMORPHISM; DUPLICATIONS; EXPRESSION; ELEMENT AB The nucleotide (nt) sequence of a previously discovered insertion in Brucella ovis was determined and found to have the hallmarks of an insertion sequence (IS). The element, designated IS711, of 842 bp, is similar in G + C content to that of the Brucella genome and is bounded by 20-bp imperfect inverted repeats (IR). The element appears to duplicate the nt TA of a consensus target site, YTAR (R, purines; Y, pyrimidines). When the complete nt sequence of four elements and 300 bp of the 3' ends of five other elements were compared to IS711 and to each other, minor nt sequence variations were found amongst most of them. Similar to several other transposable elements, IS711 has overlapping ORFs rather than one long ORF extending the length of the element. Even though only ten B. ovis IS711 elements were characterized, in three cases we found these elements flanked by either identical or similar nt sequences. This suggests that some target sites are hot spots for insertion and that some of the elements may be duplicated by mechanisms other than transposition. No DNA or protein database entries had an obvious resemblance to either IS711 or its deduced gene products. RP HALLING, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 28 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD OCT 29 PY 1993 VL 133 IS 1 BP 123 EP 127 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90236-V PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA MF847 UT WOS:A1993MF84700020 PM 8224885 ER PT J AU FRENCH, AD DOWD, MK AF FRENCH, AD DOWD, MK TI EXPLORATION OF DISACCHARIDE CONFORMATIONS BY MOLECULAR MECHANICS SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article ID NATIVE RAMIE CELLULOSE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; INCLUSION COMPLEXES; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; OPTICAL-ROTATION; ENERGY SURFACES; ANOMERIC FORMS; PROGRAM MM2; FORCE-FIELD; MALTOSE AB Conformational analyses by molecular mechanics of two-bond linked, glucose-glucose and some glucose fructose disaccharides are reviewed. Usually, the conformations found by diffraction studies of crystals of relevant molecules were in low-energy regions on phi, psi surfaces computed with MM3. However, several sucrosyl linkages had energies high above the global minimum. Also, the distributions of experimental conformations did not conform well to the energy surfaces for sucrose and, to a lesser extent, maltose. A new map for maltose, made with MM3(92), had less low-energy area wherein crystal structures were not found, and a miniature crystal model accounts for the remaining distortions of phi and psi as well as the short O4...O1 distances in crystalline maltose. An internally consistent calculation of the lattice energy (-76 kcal mol-1) required a dielectric constant of 2.5, and values around 3 also worked well for various intramolecular and intermolecular parameters and the phi, psi map of maltose. The problems with sucrose were not resolved despite further study. The high molecular mechanics energy for some of the sucrosyl linkages may arise from failure to account for an overlapping exo-anomeric effect. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, DEPT CHEM ENGN, AMES, IA 50011 USA. RP FRENCH, AD (reprint author), USDA, SO REG RES CTR, POB 19687, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 91 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD OCT 29 PY 1993 VL 105 BP 183 EP 201 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA MG704 UT WOS:A1993MG70400017 ER PT J AU YONG, L FORMAN, M GRAUBARD, B REICHMAN, M JUDD, J KHACHIK, F BEECHER, G CAMPBELL, W TAYLOR, P AF YONG, L FORMAN, M GRAUBARD, B REICHMAN, M JUDD, J KHACHIK, F BEECHER, G CAMPBELL, W TAYLOR, P TI DIET-PLASMA CAROTENOID ASSOCIATION - APPLICATION OF THE US-DEPARTMENT-OF-AGRICULTURE NATIONAL-CANCER-INSTITUTE CAROTENOID FOOD COMPOSITION DATA-BASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RI Khachik, Frederick/C-5055-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 638 EP 638 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700193 ER PT J AU OSSWALD, WF SHAPIRO, JP MCDONALD, RE NIEDZ, RP MAYER, RT AF OSSWALD, WF SHAPIRO, JP MCDONALD, RE NIEDZ, RP MAYER, RT TI SOME CITRUS CHITINASES ALSO POSSESS CHITOSANASE ACTIVITIES SO EXPERIENTIA LA English DT Article DE CHITOSANASES; CHITINASES; HYDROLASES; SWEET ORANGE, CALLUS TISSUE; IMMUNOBLOTTING; PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS ID PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; CULTURED CARROT CELLS; FUNGAL GROWTH; PURIFICATION; INDUCTION; LEAVES; PLANT; BETA-1,3-GLUCANASE; ETHYLENE AB Several acidic chitinase and chitosanase isoforms were found in 4-week-old nonembryogenic sweet orange ('Valencia' [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]) callus tissue. Two isoforms (designated A1-CF1 and A1-CF2) were purified to homogeneity using HPLC size exclusion, anion exchange, and chromatofocusing techniques. Both hydrolase isoforms exhibited activity with either colloidal chitin or solubilized shrimp shell chitosan. Specific activities for the purified isoforms could not be calculated because of the lack of protein and contamination of ampholytes. However, the specific activities for chitinase and chitosanase after anion exchange were respectively 404 nmol GlcNAc per min per mg protein and 2,475 nmol GlcN per min per mg protein. The M(r) for both enzymes was 30,500. The homogeneous proteins cross-reacted in western blots with antiserum against a basic class I potato leaf chitinase. C1 USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,2120 CAMDEN RD,ORLANDO,FL 32803. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0014-4754 J9 EXPERIENTIA JI Experientia PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 49 IS 10 BP 888 EP 892 DI 10.1007/BF01952604 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MD686 UT WOS:A1993MD68600013 ER PT J AU GAFFIELD, W KEELER, RF AF GAFFIELD, W KEELER, RF TI IMPLICATION OF C-5, C-6 UNSATURATION AS A KEY STRUCTURAL FACTOR IN STEROIDAL ALKALOID-INDUCED MAMMALIAN TERATOGENESIS SO EXPERIENTIA LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM ALKALOIDS; VERATRUM ALKALOIDS; TERATOGENESIS; CRANIOFACIAL MALFORMATIONS; HAMSTER ID SYRIAN-HAMSTERS AB Hamster teratogenicity induced upon oral administration of steroidal alkaloids (solanidanes, spirosolanes and jervanes) appears to relate very closely to the presence or absence of C-5, C-6 unsaturation in the alkaloid, which may be more important than molecular configuration at C-22 and placement of the nitrogen atom with regard to the plane of the steroid. C1 USDA ARS,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84321. RP GAFFIELD, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0014-4754 J9 EXPERIENTIA JI Experientia PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 49 IS 10 BP 922 EP 924 DI 10.1007/BF01952611 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MD686 UT WOS:A1993MD68600020 PM 8224110 ER PT J AU SCHMERR, MJ GOODWIN, KR AF SCHMERR, MJ GOODWIN, KR TI CHARACTERIZATION BY CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS OF THE SURFACE GLYCOPROTEINS OF OVINE LENTIVIRUSES BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT WITH GLYCOSIDIC ENZYMES SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH International Symposium on High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis (HPCE 93) CY JAN 25-28, 1993 CL ORLANDO, FL ID CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS; HIV-INFECTION; PROTEINS; ANTIBODIES; SEPARATION; PEPTIDES; SHEEP AB Ovine lentiviruses are a group of viruses that infect sheep and goats. These viruses contain a surface glycoprotein (SU) that is very similar among the Viral strains. Sera from infected animals react equally well with SU from each strain. Monoclonal antibodies produced to SU can distinguish among some of the Viral strains. rn order to delineate these differences we treated SU from several viral strains with the glycosidic enzymes. These enzymes included a mixture of exoglycosidases, beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase, neuraminidase and endoglycosidases D, F and H. After these treatments we observed changes in the reactivities of the monoclonal antibodies that were directed to SU. In order to characterize these changes on the surface epitopes, SU from the different viral strains were subjected to free zone capillary electrophoresis (CZE) using an 0.02 M phosphate buffer at pH 9.0 at a running voltage of 5 kV. Differences were readily seen between SU that had not been treated and SU that had been treated with the glycosidic enzymes. Each viral strain had a characteristic electropherogram. The electropherograms indicated that the heterogeneity of the charge on SU was increased after the enzyme treatments. From these results we have concluded that the carbohydrate moieties play an important role in contributing to the surface charge of SU. This charge affects the nature of its surface epitopes and has an impact on its biological function. RP SCHMERR, MJ (reprint author), US ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,2300 DAYTON RD,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 652 IS 1 BP 199 EP 205 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80660-Z PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA MW219 UT WOS:A1993MW21900023 PM 8281255 ER PT J AU MCCARTY, GW BREMNER, JM AF MCCARTY, GW BREMNER, JM TI EFFECTS OF MN2+ AND MG2+ ON ASSIMILATION OF NO3- AND NH4+ BY SOIL-MICROORGANISMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE NITRATE ASSIMILATION; AMMONIUM ASSIMILATION; GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE ID NITRATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; MICROBIAL ASSIMILATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MAMMALIAN BRAIN; AMMONIUM; MANGANESE; SOLUBILITY; CATIONS; REDOX AB Although it has been demonstrated that Mn2+ and Mg2+ can influence the activity of glutamine synthetase in various organisms, there is little information concerning the effects of these cations on the activity of this enzyme in soil microorganisms or on ability of these microorganisms to assimilate NO3- and NH4+. We studied the effects of different concentrations of Mn2+ and Mg2+ on assimilatory NO3- reduction and NH4+ assimilation in cultures of two microorganisms commonly found in soil [Pseudomonas fluorescens (ATCC 13525) and Azotobacter chroococcum (ATCC 9043)] and in an enrichment culture of soil microorganisms. We found that Mn2+ strongly inhibited NH4+ assimilation by soil microorganisms and blocked the inhibitory effect of NH4+ on assimilatory NO3- reductase (ANR) activity, thereby uncoupling ANR activity from nitrogen assimilation and causing the NH4+ formed by ANR activity to be released to the environment. Mg2+ counteracted the effect of Mn2+ on microbial metabolism of nitrogen, which suggests that the overall effect of these cations on nitrogen assimilation by soil microorganisms will depend on the ratio of their concentrations in soil. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP MCCARTY, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 20 BP 9403 EP 9407 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.20.9403 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MC570 UT WOS:A1993MC57000036 PM 8415713 ER PT J AU EMKEN, EA ADLOF, RO ROHWEDDER, WK GULLEY, RM AF EMKEN, EA ADLOF, RO ROHWEDDER, WK GULLEY, RM TI INFLUENCE OF LINOLEIC-ACID ON DESATURATION AND UPTAKE OF DEUTERIUM-LABELED PALMITIC AND STEARIC ACIDS IN HUMANS SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE CHAIN-SHORTENING; DESATURATION; DEUTERIUM; ABSORPTION; SATURATED FATTY ACID; (HUMAN) ID UNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; LIPIDS; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; TRIGLYCERIDES; LIPOPROTEINS; MECHANISMS; SEPARATION; ABSORPTION; ISOMERS AB Objectives of this study were to investigate the desaturation of stearic acid (18:0) and palmitic acid (16:0), to determine if differences in their metabolism provide a reasonable explanation for differences in their effect on serum cholesterol levels, and to investigate the affect of linoleic acid on DELTA9-desaturase products in man. Deuterium-labeled 16:0 and 18:0 were used to follow the metabolism of these fatty acids in young adult male subjects that were pre-fed diets containing two different levels of linoleic acid. Results indicate that absorption of 16:0 and 18:0 was similar when all components of the mixture used to formulate the deuterated fat mixture were kept above the melting point of tristearin. The percent of 18:0 desaturated to 9c-18:1 was higher than the percent of 16:0 desaturated to 9c-16:1 (9.2% vs. 3.9%). The subject-to-subject variability suggests that differences in ability to desaturate saturated fatty acids may be related to the variability observed in response of serum cholesterol levels to dietary saturated fatty acids. Data for the distribution of 16:0 and 18:0 between triacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine (PC) was markedly different. Based on PC data, phospholipid acyltransferase selectivity was about 2-fold higher for 18:0 than for 16:0. A 2-fold difference in the linoleic acid content of the pre-fed diets had little influence on desaturation or distribution of 16:0 and 18:0 between plasma lipid classes. A deuterium isotope effect was estimated to reduce DELTA9-desaturase enzyme activity by 30-50%. C1 ST FRANCIS MED CTR,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP EMKEN, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 39 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3002 J9 BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA PD OCT 13 PY 1993 VL 1170 IS 2 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1016/0005-2760(93)90068-K PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA MC117 UT WOS:A1993MC11700012 PM 8399342 ER PT J AU UMA, S RAVISHANKAR, KV PRASAD, TG REID, JL KUMAR, MU AF UMA, S RAVISHANKAR, KV PRASAD, TG REID, JL KUMAR, MU TI ABSCISIC ACID-RESPONSIVE PROTEINS INDUCE SALINITY STRESS TOLERANCE IN FINGER MILLET (ELEUSINE-CORACANA GAERTN) SEEDLINGS SO CURRENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; GENE-EXPRESSION; SOYBEAN SEEDLINGS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MESSENGER-RNAS; TOMATO LEAVES; ACCUMULATION; PLANTS; CELLS; ABA AB Pretreatment of finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.) seedlings with 200 mM NaCl significantly enhanced the survival of the seedlings at a lethal stress of 400 mM NaCl and subsequent recovery growth when the stress was withdrawn. However, when the pretreatment included 10 muM abscisic acid (ABA) along with 200 mM NaCl, the seedlings could survive lethal stresses of 500 and 600 mM NaCl and recover remarkably upon withdrawal of stress. Pretreatments with ABA and NaCl resulted in the appearance of several new proteins of 18, 23, 31, 45, 48, 54, 66 and 68 kDa. The ABA responsive proteins were heat-stable and their accumulation increased with ABA concentration in the medium. This increase was also associated with an enhanced tolerance of the seedlings to lethal levels of salinity stress. ABA alone however was not effective either in the synthesis of ABA responsive proteins or in imparting tolerance to salinity stress. S-35-methionine incorporation studies indicated the synthesis of 21, 26, 39, 45, 68, 70, 74 kDa proteins of which 21 kDa was the prominent polypeptide synthesized during induction. C1 UNIV AGR SCI,GKVK,DEPT CROP PHYSIOL,BANGALORE 560065,KARNATAKA,INDIA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA,PULLMAN,WA 99164. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT SCIENCE ASSN PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, PO BOX 8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0011-3891 J9 CURR SCI INDIA JI Curr. Sci. PD OCT 10 PY 1993 VL 65 IS 7 BP 549 EP 554 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MN058 UT WOS:A1993MN05800013 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, MP BEATTIE, JH AF RICHARDS, MP BEATTIE, JH TI CHARACTERIZATION OF METALLOTHIONEIN ISOFORMS - COMPARISON OF CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS WITH REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GENE FAMILY; BRAIN; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; PEPTIDES; LIVER; PH AB The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast the separation of metallothionein (MT) isoforms by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). RP-HPLC was performed on a Vydac C-8 column eluted with a linear acetonitrile gradient. CZE was performed in a 57 cm x 75 mum I.D. fused-silica tube at an operating voltage of 30 kV Phosphate buffer (10 mM) at pH 2.5, 7.0 and 11.0 was used for both separations. CZE at pH 2.5 resolved three distinct peaks of rabbit liver MT which were incompletely resolved at pH 7.0 or 11.0. RP-HPLC at pH 2.5 gave two peaks and the resolution was not as good as with CZE at the same pH. At pH 7.0 and 11.0, RP-HPLC of rabbit liver MT gave a single predominant peak of unresolved MT-1 and MT-2. Purified rabbit liver MT-1 and MT-2 were used to verify the identity of these peaks. In contrast, MT from horse kidney demonstrated three predominant peaks which were best resolved by CZE at pH 11.0, whereas RP-HPLC resolved only two peaks at pH 11.0 and 7.0. At pH 2.5, RP-HPLC of horse kidney MT gave three peaks, though two of the peaks were incompletely separated. We conclude that pH has a considerable impact on the resolution of MT isoforms by CZE and RP-HPLC and that it is possible to exploit changes in pH to optimize the separation of isoforms for a particular species of MT. When samples of human and sheep liver MT-1, both of which exhibit microheterogeneity, were subjected to CZE, a single predominant peak was observed at each pH value. RP-HPLC of human liver MT-1 at pH 2.5 yielded two peaks that were incompletely resolved. Purified chick liver MT and rat liver MT-1 and MT-2 gave a single predominant peak at all pH values on CZE. In contrast, pig liver MT-1 and MT-2 each exhibited multiple peaks when subjected to CZE, the number of which depended on the pH used to separate the MT. In conclusion, CZE, with its orthogonal selectivity, and RP-HPLC make an excellent combination for the separation and characterization of MT isoforms. Because CZE is rapid (run times typically < 10 min) and requires little sample (< 100 nl), MT samples can readily be analyzed by CZE in conjunction with RP-HPLC or other techniques in order to maximize the information obtained about the individual isoforms. C1 ROWETT RES INST,DIV BIOCHEM SCI,BUCKSBURN AB2 9SB,ABERDEEN,SCOTLAND. RP RICHARDS, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,LPSI,NONRUMINANT ANIM NUTR LAB,BLDG 200,ROOM 201,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD OCT 8 PY 1993 VL 648 IS 2 BP 459 EP 468 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80429-C PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA MC025 UT WOS:A1993MC02500018 PM 8227272 ER PT J AU FISHMAN, ML COOKE, P HOTCHKISS, A DAMERT, W AF FISHMAN, ML COOKE, P HOTCHKISS, A DAMERT, W TI PROGRESSIVE DISSOCIATION OF PECTIN SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TOMATO FRUIT; ACIDS AB The structural organization of alkaline soluble peach pectin was investigated over size ranges extending from micrometers to tenths of nanometers. Analysis was by electron microscopy and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). Superimposed and individual circular microgels in the micrometer size range were isolated from mesocarp tissue of cell walls and visualized by rotary shadowing. Dilute NaCl and 50% aqueous glycerol disaggregated these microgels into rods, segmented rods, and kinked rods, which collectively comprised the internal gel network of the microgels. Image analysis of the shadowed specimens before and after disaggregation followed by curve fitting of the smoothed distributions revealed a multimodal distribution of lengths. HPAEC revealed that the multimodal aggregates were stable for the most part to further dissociation by increasing ionic strength. RP FISHMAN, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 15 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD OCT 4 PY 1993 VL 248 BP 303 EP 316 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(93)84136-T PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA MC141 UT WOS:A1993MC14100025 PM 8252540 ER PT J AU NETTLETON, WD RIGGLE, RS AF NETTLETON, WD RIGGLE, RS TI SOILS AND MICROMORPHOLOGY IN ARCHAEOLOGY - COURTY,MA, GOLDBERG,P, MACPHAIL,R SO AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Book Review RP NETTLETON, WD (reprint author), USDA,SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,MIDWEST NATL TECH CTR,LINCOLN,NE 68508, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 SN 0002-7316 J9 AM ANTIQUITY JI Am. Antiq. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 58 IS 4 BP 786 EP 787 DI 10.2307/282236 PG 2 WC Anthropology; Archaeology SC Anthropology; Archaeology GA NK231 UT WOS:A1993NK23100042 ER PT J AU BESSLER, DA COVEY, T AF BESSLER, DA COVEY, T TI ON THE SEARCH FOR ECONOMETRIC STRUCTURE IN AGRICULTURE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID DEMAND C1 USDA ARS,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP BESSLER, DA (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. RI Bessler, David/A-9226-2009 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 75 SI SI BP 41 EP 47 PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ME628 UT WOS:A1993ME62800007 ER PT J AU CHAMBERLIN, MA HORNER, HT PALMER, RG AF CHAMBERLIN, MA HORNER, HT PALMER, RG TI NUCLEAR SIZE AND DNA CONTENT OF THE EMBRYO AND ENDOSPERM DURING THEIR INITIAL-STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT IN GLYCINE-MAX (FABACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID MAIZE ENDOSPERM; AMPLIFICATION; COTYLEDONS; PROTEIN; CELLS AB A technique was developed for isolating embryo sacs from ovules of soybean and for separating embryo from endosperm. Image analysis and cytophotometry were used to determine the relative mass of DNA and size of nuclei of endosperm and embryo cells. Analyses were done at the globular through late heart-shaped embryo stages to correlate ploidy level or nuclear size, and differentiation in these tissues. Mean size of embryo nuclei was fairly constant through all stages studied. Ploidy condition of the embryo was stable, 95%-99% of the nuclei were distributed in a bipolar pattern by relative mass at 2C and 4C. Few embryo nuclei (3%) had ploidy levels above 4C at the late heart-shaped embryo stage. Variability in size of endosperm nuclei seemed correlated with the morphological state of these nuclei (free-nuclear vs. cellular). Most endosperm cells did not show significant polyploidy with 84%-92% of nuclei in the expected 3C-6C range, but some nuclei with-elevated ploidy levels were noted during endosperm cellularization. Endosperm senescence was correlated with nuclear DNA loss over time. Polyploidy seems to have no direct role in the early differentiation of the soybean embryo and endosperm, but these stable conditions may be necessary for the early establishment of the embryo. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT BOT,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT BIOMED ENGN,FCR,USDA ARS,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,BESSEY MICROSCOPY FACIL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ZOOL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT GENET,AMES,IA 50011. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 80 IS 10 BP 1209 EP 1215 DI 10.2307/2445550 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MD092 UT WOS:A1993MD09200014 ER PT J AU FORMAN, MR LANZA, E YONG, LC HOLDEN, JM GRAUBARD, BI BEECHER, GR MELITZ, M BROWN, ED SMITH, JC AF FORMAN, MR LANZA, E YONG, LC HOLDEN, JM GRAUBARD, BI BEECHER, GR MELITZ, M BROWN, ED SMITH, JC TI THE CORRELATION BETWEEN 2 DIETARY ASSESSMENTS OF CAROTENOID INTAKE AND PLASMA CAROTENOID CONCENTRATIONS - APPLICATION OF A CAROTENOID FOOD-COMPOSITION DATABASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE CAROTENOIDS; DIET; PLASMA ID ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL LEVELS; BETA-CAROTENE; INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIATION; FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; INDIVIDUAL CAROTENOIDS; VITAMIN-E; MEN; VALIDATION; RETINOL; DESIGN AB A newly available carotenoid food-composition database providing specific carotenoid values for > 2300 foods was linked to dietary data on 57 male nonsmokers to examine the association between dietary carotenoid intake and plasma carotenoid concentrations over 3 wk when free-living. Carotenoid intake was estimated from a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 7 d of food diaries with concurrent analysis of plasma carotenoid concentrations. After adjustment for energy intake, percentage of energy from alcohol, and plasma lipid concentrations, significant diet-plasma correlations for the FFQ and the food diaries (FD) included alpha-carotene (r = 0.29 and 0.43), beta-carotene (r = 0.36 FFQ only), beta-cryptoxanthin (r = 0.46 and 0.44), lutein (r = 0.44 FD only), and lycopene (r = 0.53 FD only). Dietary carotenoid intakes were associated with plasma carotenoid concentrations for all the carotenoids except for beta-carotene when food diaries were used whereas the diet-plasma correlation for the provitamin A carotenoids were consistently significant when the FFQ was used. C1 USDA,AGR RES SERV CTR,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR FACIL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. INFORMAT MANAGEMENT SERV INC,SILVER SPRING,MD. RP FORMAN, MR (reprint author), NCI,DCPC,CPRP,CANC PREVENT STUDIES BRANCH,EPN-211C,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 27 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 58 IS 4 BP 519 EP 524 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LY888 UT WOS:A1993LY88800011 PM 8379507 ER PT J AU KRAMER, TR UDOMKESMALEE, E DHANAMITTA, S SIRISINHA, S CHAROENKIATKUL, S TUNTIPOPIPAT, S BANJONG, O ROJROONGWASINKUL, N SMITH, JC AF KRAMER, TR UDOMKESMALEE, E DHANAMITTA, S SIRISINHA, S CHAROENKIATKUL, S TUNTIPOPIPAT, S BANJONG, O ROJROONGWASINKUL, N SMITH, JC TI LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSIVENESS OF CHILDREN SUPPLEMENTED WITH VITAMIN-A AND ZINC SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE VITAMIN-A, ZINC; TUBERCULIN, PURIFIED PROTEIN DERIVATIVE; TETANUS TOXOID; T-LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION; CONCANAVALIN-A ID NORTHEAST THAILAND; IMMUNITY; NUTRITION AB We sought to determine the effect of supplementation with zinc, vitamin A, or a combination of the two on proliferation of T lymphocytes to concanavalin A (ConA), tetanus toxoid (TT), or tuberculin (PPD) of children living in a region endemic for suboptimal vitamin A and zinc intake. The children (n = 140, aged 6-13 v) were randomly assigned and supplemented with either zinc (25 mg/d), vitamin A (1500 mg RE/d), zinc + vitamin A, or placebo for 6 mo. After a baseline blood collection, subjects were boosted with diptheria-tetanus antigen. Proliferative responsiveness of T lymphocytes to ConA and TT in each treatment group (n = 35) was not different at baseline or postsupplementation. Children supplemented with zinc + vitamin A tended to show higher proliferative responsiveness of T lymphocytes to PPD than did those treated with placebo (P = 0.08). This tendency was observed in females but not in males. Increased zinc and vitamin A intake could result in health benefits for children living in regions endemic for suboptimal micronutrient nutriture. C1 MAHIDOL UNIV,FAC SCI,BANGKOK 10700,THAILAND. MAHIDOL UNIV,INST NUTR,NAKHON PATHOM,THAILAND. RP KRAMER, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BHNRC,VMNL,BLDG 307,ROOM 216,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 58 IS 4 BP 566 EP 570 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LY888 UT WOS:A1993LY88800019 PM 8147961 ER PT J AU YAMANE, I THOMFORD, JW GARDNER, IA DUBEY, JP LEVY, M CONRAD, PA AF YAMANE, I THOMFORD, JW GARDNER, IA DUBEY, JP LEVY, M CONRAD, PA TI EVALUATION OF THE INDIRECT FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY TEST FOR DIAGNOSIS OF BABESIA-GIBSONI INFECTIONS IN DOGS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NEOSPORA-CANINUM INFECTION; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; MICROTI AB We determined the extent of the serologic cross-reactivity in the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test for Babesia gibsoni, and the optimal cut-off titer for seropositivity in the test. The lowest titer to B gibsoni detected in a dog with naturally acquired clinical babesiosis was 1,280, and 7 of 12 dogs had titer between 10,240 and 20,480. Two experimentally infected normosplenic dogs developed high titer (40,960 to 81,920) to B gibsoni, and the same sera reacted in IFA tests for B canis (titer less-than-or-equal-to 640), Toxoplasma gondii (titer less-than-or-equal-to 2,560), and Neospora caninum (titer less-than-or-equal-to 10,240). Dogs that were experimentally infected with B canis and T gondii had titer less-than-or-equal-to 160 to B gibsoni. Dogs that were experimentally infected with N caninum had titer (80 to 10,240) to N caninum, but failed to have serologic reactivity to B gibsoni. Serologic titer of healthy dogs from Australia, a country where B gibsoni is not known to exist, was less-than-or-equal-to 160 to B gibsoni. On the basis of these findings, a cut-off titer of 320 was considered to be appropriate for serodiagnosis of B gibsoni in, dogs with clinical signs of babesiosis. A more conservative titer of 1,280 was established as the cut-off titer for seroepidemiologic studies based on relative costs and benefits of false-positive results and failure to isolate B gibsoni parasites after splenectomy and immunosuppression from a clinically normal dog with B gibsoni titer of 640. Results of the study indicate the importance of establishing optimal cut-off titer for the B gibsoni IFA test that takes into consideration the purpose of the test, seroreactivity to antigenically related parasites, and factors that contribute to interlaboratory test variation. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL PATHOL & PARASITOL,RALEIGH,NC 27606. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT MED,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 42 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 54 IS 10 BP 1579 EP 1584 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MB751 UT WOS:A1993MB75100003 PM 8250380 ER PT J AU CHEVILLE, NF STEVENS, MG JENSEN, AE TATUM, FM HALLING, SM AF CHEVILLE, NF STEVENS, MG JENSEN, AE TATUM, FM HALLING, SM TI IMMUNE-RESPONSES AND PROTECTION AGAINST INFECTION AND ABORTION IN CATTLE EXPERIMENTALLY VACCINATED WITH MUTANT STRAINS OF BRUCELLA-ABORTUS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; LYMPH-NODE; GOATS; RB51; MICE AB Twenty-four 10-month-old Polled Hereford heifers were inoculated SC with live cells of one of the following strains of Brucella abortus: S19DELTA31K (n = 4), S19DELTASOD (n = 4), RB51 (n = 4), and strain 19 (n = 6); controls (n = 6) were given saline solution. Heifers given the deletion mutants S19DELTA31K and S19DELTASOD, and those given strain 19 developed antibody responses to B abortus and cutaneous reactions to brucellin. Heifers given strain RB51 did not develop antibodies that reacted in the standard tube agglutination test, but sem reacted in tests, using an antibody dot-blot assay containing RB51 antigen. The S19DELTA31K and S19DELTASOD strains of B abortus isolated from lymph node tissue after vaccination did not differ genetically from the master stock strain. All heifers were bred naturally at 16 to 17 months of age, and were challenge-exposed intraconjunctivally with virulent B abortus strain 2308 during the fifth month of pregnancy. All vaccinated heifers were protected (ie, none aborted and none had B abortus isolated from their tissues after parturition). Calves born from vaccinated dams were free of B abortus. Antibody responses in heifers after challenge exposure were an indicator of immunity. All 5 control heifers (nonvaccinated) developed serum antibodies after challenge exposure; 3 aborted, and 1 delivered a small, weak calf at 8.5 months of gestation. Thus, live mutant strains of B abortus can induce protective immunity when given at 10 months of age, and strain RB51 is a strong candidate for further testing. RP CHEVILLE, NF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 16 TC 131 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 54 IS 10 BP 1591 EP 1597 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MB751 UT WOS:A1993MB75100005 PM 8250382 ER PT J AU PURDY, CW STRAUS, DC STRUCK, D FOSTER, GS AF PURDY, CW STRAUS, DC STRUCK, D FOSTER, GS TI EFFICACY OF PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA SUBUNIT ANTIGENS IN A GOAT MODEL OF PASTEURELLOSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOVINE PNEUMONIC PASTEURELLOSIS; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; CHALLENGE EXPOSURE; CALVES; SEROTYPES; SHEEP; LEUKOTOXIN; RESISTANCE; VACCINES AB The effectiveness of Pasteurella haemolytica biovar A, serovar 1 (Ph 1) subunit vaccines was tested in goats, using challenge exposure by transthoracic injection. Twenty-two weanling male Spanish goats were randomly allotted to 4 groups. Six goats were given 2 transthoracic injections into the lung 18 days apart with live Ph1 impregnated in agar beads (positive controls). Six goats were not given injections (negative controls). Five goats were given 2 transthoracic injections into the lung 18 days apart with 4.6 mg of cytotoxin in agar beads. The remaining 5 goats were given 2 IM injections, 18 days apart, into the thigh with 4.6 mg of cytotoxin emulsified in incomplete Freunds' adjuvant. Twenty-four days after the second injection, all goats were challenge-exposed to live Ph1 by transthoracic injection into the lung, and 4 days later, all goats were euthanatized and necropsied. Serum neutralizing anticytotoxin titer was measured throughout the experiment. Mean volume of consolidated lung tissue was 0.38 cm3 for the positive control group, 32 CM3 for the negative control group; 19 CM3 for the cytotoxin-lung group; and 88 CM3 for the cytotoxin-adjuvant-IM group. Only the positive control group was protected from Ph1 challenge exposure. The Ph1 cytotoxin subunit vaccine alone appeared to be ineffective, and the anticytotoxin titer was not correlated with protection. In a separate trial, 32 weanling male Spanish goats were randomly allotted to 5 groups. Each was given 2 transthoracic injections into the lung 22 days apart. Six goats were given Ph1 cytotoxin impregnated into agar beads; 6 were given Ph1 lipopolysaccharide impregnated in agar beads; 6 were given Ph1 capsule impregnated in agar beads. Six goats were given agar beads only (negative controls), and 6 were given live Ph1 impregnated into agar beads (positive controls). Twenty days after the second injection, all goats were challenge-exposed to live Ph1 by transthoracic injection into the lung, and 4 days later, all goats were euthanatized and necropsied. Mean volume of consolidated lung tissue was 0.14 cm3 for the positive control group, 7.59 cm3 for the negative control group, 11.21 cm3 for the cytotoxin group, 10.19 cm3 for the lipopolysaccharide group, and 1.6 cm3 for the capsule group. Again, only injection of live Ph1 (positive controls) induced solid protection; however, the capsule subunit vaccine induced partial protection against challenge exposure in this trial. Lipopolysaccharide and cytotoxin subunit vaccines were ineffective in protecting goats against challenge exposure with live Ph1. C1 TEXAS TECH UNIV,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,LUBBOCK,TX 79430. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,SCH MED,DEPT MED CHEM & GENET,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP PURDY, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 50 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 54 IS 10 BP 1637 EP 1647 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MB751 UT WOS:A1993MB75100012 PM 8250389 ER PT J AU LINDSAY, DS MITSCHLER, RR TOIVIOKINNUCAN, MA UPTON, SJ DUBEY, JP BLAGBURN, BL AF LINDSAY, DS MITSCHLER, RR TOIVIOKINNUCAN, MA UPTON, SJ DUBEY, JP BLAGBURN, BL TI ASSOCIATION OF HOST-CELL MITOCHONDRIA WITH DEVELOPING TOXOPLASMA-GONDII TISSUE CYSTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LIVING CELLS; INFECTED MICE; ENCEPHALITIS; RHODAMINE-123; BRADYZOITES; OOCYSTS; THERAPY; CATS AB Ultrastructure of the interactions of host cell mitochondria with developing Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts was examined in cultured cells, using transmission electron microscopy of infected cells and rhodamine 123 (a mitochondria-specific vital fluorescent dye) staining of isolated tissue cysts. Structurally mature T gondii tissue cysts were observed as early as 2 days after inoculation of cultured cells. During development of T gondii, host cell mitochondria were observed surrounding the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. Mitochondria became flat and elongated in the vicinity of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. These mitochondria were also closely associated with T gondii tissue cysts. Incubation of tissue cysts from cultured cells and tissue cysts from mouse brains with rhodamine 123 revealed fluorescence of the tissue cyst wall in living specimens. Incubation of tissue cysts with 10 muM rotenone caused diminished fluorescence of the tissue cyst walls, and 100 muM rotenone caused complete inhibition. Mouse RBC, and tissue cysts fixed in 100% methanol did not fluoresce after exposure to rhodamine. Tissue cysts in 9 isolates of T gondii from mouse brains were examined, using rhodamine 123, and the tissue cyst walls of all isolates fluoresced, indicating no isolate effects. Our results indicate that host cell mitochondria may be closely associated with the tissue cysts of T gondii in cell cultures and in mice. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI, DIV BIOL, MANHATTAN, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, LPSI, ZOONOT DIS LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP LINDSAY, DS (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV, COLL VET MED, DEPT PATHOBIOL, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 54 IS 10 BP 1663 EP 1667 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MB751 UT WOS:A1993MB75100015 PM 8250391 ER PT J AU DUBEY, JP RUFF, MD CAMARGO, ME SHEN, SK WILKINS, GL KWOK, OCH THULLIEZ, P AF DUBEY, JP RUFF, MD CAMARGO, ME SHEN, SK WILKINS, GL KWOK, OCH THULLIEZ, P TI SEROLOGIC AND PARASITOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF DOMESTIC CHICKENS AFTER ORAL INOCULATION WITH TOXOPLASMA-GONDII OOCYSTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INFECTION AB Four-week-old chickens were inoculated orally with 1,000 or 100,000 oocysts of the ME-49 or GT-1 strain of Toxoplasma gondii, and their antibody responses were measured, using the direct modified agglutination test, latex agglutination test, indirect hemagglutination test, ELISA, and the Sabin-Feldman dye test. Antibodies against T gondii were detected by use of the modified agglutination test and ELISA within 2 weeks of oocyst inoculation, and antibodies persisted until termination of the study by postinoculation day 68. The latex agglutination test was insensitive in detecting T gondii antibodies, and antibodies were not detected by use of the dye and indirect hemagglutination tests. Of tissues bioassayed in mice for tissue cysts by pepsin digestion of individual organs of chickens on postinoculation day 68, tissue cysts were found in the brain of all 5, heart of 3, and leg muscles of 2, but not in the liver and breast muscles. None of the birds developed clinical toxoplasmosis. C1 BIOLAB DIAGNOST SA,RES & DEV SECT,BR-01333010 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. INST PUERICULTURE,TOXOPLASMOSE LAB,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE. RP DUBEY, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 20 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 54 IS 10 BP 1668 EP 1672 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MB751 UT WOS:A1993MB75100016 PM 8250392 ER PT J AU KINCAID, DC WESTERMANN, DT TROUT, TJ AF KINCAID, DC WESTERMANN, DT TROUT, TJ TI IRRIGATION AND SOIL-TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON RUSSET BURBANK QUALITY SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SUGAR-ENDS; WATER-STRESS; SPRINKLERS ID 3 POTATO CULTIVARS; SANDY SOIL; YIELD; RESPONSES; DEFICIT; TEXTURE; REGIME AB Potato growers in the Pacific Northwest suffer large economic losses in seasons with above normal temperatures, due to excess reducing sugars in tubers, which cause dark-end French fries. Our objective was to study irrigation management effects on potato quality, particularly the factors causing dark-end French fries or sugar-end syndrome. Solid-set sprinkler irrigated plots were established on potatoes at Kimberly, Idaho during the 1987, 1988 and 1989 irrigation seasons, and at Parma, Idaho in 1987 and 1988. Irrigation treatments were high and low frequency (3/week and 1/week) and two or three water application amounts referenced to estimated evapotranspiration (ET, ET+20%, and ET-20%). Neither frequency nor amount significantly affected yields. Irrigation frequency had more influence on potato quality than application amount. More frequent irrigation produced slightly higher quality tubers and lower incidence of dark-ends when fried. Soil temperature was inversely related to tuber grade quality and directly related to percentage of sugar-end tubers. Soil temperature was about 0.5 C lower under the high frequency than under the low frequency irrigation regime. On these silt loam soils, allowing available soil water to decline to 50 percent had no adverse affect on yield or quality. RP KINCAID, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGEMENT UNIT,KIMBERLY,ID 83341, USA. OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 10 BP 711 EP 723 DI 10.1007/BF02848677 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MC823 UT WOS:A1993MC82300003 ER PT J AU BROWN, CR AF BROWN, CR TI OUTCROSSING RATE IN CULTIVATED AUTOTETRAPLOID POTATO SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM SSP TUBEROSUM; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM SSP ANDIGENA; CYTOPLASM; TRUE POTATO SEED; SYNTHETICS; INBREEDING ID SELECTION AB Outcrossing rates in potato were measured in an open-pollination field experiment at a location in the Peruvian Andes. Embryo spot, a dominant genetic seed marker, was used to measure outcrossing rate. The source of the dominant marker, the donor, was interplanted among recipient clones lacking the marker (recessive genotype), for which outcrossing was to be measured. Eight out of the 17 clones tested were advanced breeding clones which had wild species cytoplasm. Seven out of eight of these had outcrossing rates above 0.75, showing complete male sterility in one case and partial male sterility in six cases. Among the other clones tested, which were male-fertile, outcrossing estimates ranged from 0. 10 to 0.74. Wide variability in outcrossing rate in autotetraploid potato suggests that it should be possible to select for higher outcrossing rate in production of open-pollinated true seed populations of potato for genetic or commercial purposes. RP BROWN, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,RT 2 BOX 2953A,PROSSER,WA 99350, USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 10 BP 725 EP 734 DI 10.1007/BF02848678 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MC823 UT WOS:A1993MC82300004 ER PT J AU BALDE, AT VANDERSALL, JH ERDMAN, RA REEVES, JB GLENN, BP AF BALDE, AT VANDERSALL, JH ERDMAN, RA REEVES, JB GLENN, BP TI EFFECT OF STAGE OF MATURITY OF ALFALFA AND ORCHARDGRASS ON IN-SITU DRY-MATTER AND CRUDE PROTEIN DEGRADABILITY AND AMINO-ACID-COMPOSITION SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; DIGESTION; INSITU; DIGESTIBILITY; PASSAGE; FORAGES; RATES; FEEDS AB Four maturities of alfalfa (early bud, early, mid and full bloom) and orchardgrass (vegetative, early head, full head and anthesis) were used to test the effect of stage of maturity on in situ rumen dry matter, crude protein degradation and amino acid composition. Two rumen fistulated Holstein cows were used in a 2X2 Latin square design with forage species as treatments. Cows were fed a basal diet consisting of 33% corn silage, 17% alfalfa haylage and 50% concentrate on a dry matter basis. Forages were incubated in situ in polyester bags at eight different times (0-96 h) in the rumen. Mean effective degradabilities for both crude protein (82.3 vs. 74.5%) and dry matter (67.6 vs. 63.4%) were higher for alfalfa than for orchardgrass, respectively. Crude protein degradability decreased from 84.8 to 80.4% in alfalfa and from 78.0 to 69.6% in orchardgrass with increasing stage of maturity. Corresponding changes in effective dry matter degradability with increasing stage of maturity declined from 72.9 to 61.9% in alfalfa and from 68.6 to 56.1% in orchardgrass. Most of the depression in rumen degradability of both crude protein and dry matter with increasing stage of maturity could be explained by increases in the indigestible fraction of the forage as rates of digestion were not readily affected by stage of maturity. Individual amino acids declined with increasing stage of maturity of forage as crude protein declined but there was no change in the relative proportions of individual amino acids due to stage of maturity within forage. C1 USDA ARS,RUNINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BALDE, AT (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 38 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 44 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 43 DI 10.1016/0377-8401(93)90035-I PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA ME673 UT WOS:A1993ME67300002 ER PT J AU MARIA, GA BOLDMAN, KG VANVLECK, LD AF MARIA, GA BOLDMAN, KG VANVLECK, LD TI A NOTE ON HERITABILITY ESTIMATES FOR GROWTH TRAITS IN MALE AND FEMALE ROMANOV SHEEP SO ANIMAL PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE GROWTH; HERITABILITY; ROMANOV; SHEEP ID RESTRICTED MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; ANIMAL-MODELS; PARAMETERS AB A total of 1855 records were analysed using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) techniques to estimate heritabilities separately for males and females lambs on birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), 90-day weight (W90) and average daily gains birth to weaning (C1) and weaning to 90 days (C2). An animal model including fixed effects of year X season, parity, litter size and rearing type; and random effects of direct genetic effect (h2D) and residual was applied. Estimates of h2D for B W were 0.48 (males) and 0.50 (females); for WW 0.35 (males) and 0.22 (females); for W90 0.21 (males) and 0.31 (females); for Cl 0.20 (males) and 0.25 (females); and for C2 0.18 (males) and 0.29 (females). C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ANIM SCI,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA,AGR RES STN,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU DURRANT PERIODICALS PI EAST LOTHIAN PA WINTON LEA PENCAITLAND, EAST LOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH34 5AY SN 0003-3561 J9 ANIM PROD PD OCT PY 1993 VL 57 BP 326 EP 328 PN 2 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA MC313 UT WOS:A1993MC31300020 ER PT J AU LEVY, AS HEATON, AW AF LEVY, AS HEATON, AW TI WEIGHT CONTROL PRACTICES OF UNITED-STATES ADULTS TRYING TO LOSE WEIGHT SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON METHODS FOR VOLUNTARY WEIGHT-LOSS AND CONTROL CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1992 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NIH, NUTR COORDINATING COMM, NIH, OFF MED APPL RES ID BEHAVIOR; OBJECTIVES AB Objective: To estimate the relative prevalence of different types and combinations of practices among weight-loss practitioners and to describe the relations between individual characteristics and various features of weight-loss regimens. Design: A telephone survey of a random digit-dialed probability sample of adults in the continental United States who reported that they were trying to lose weight. Participants: A total of 1431 persons 18 years or older who were attempting to lose weight. Measurements: Self-reports of a detailed inventory of more than 35 specific practices that might be used as part of a voluntary weight-loss plan, along with information about individual characteristics such as current weight, weight-loss history, demographic profile, motivations to lose weight, sources of information, and knowledge about diet and health. Results: The average respondent had a current weight-loss attempt lasting from 5 to 6 months, had tried a similar plan before, and had averaged one attempt a year for the past 2 years. Seventy-one percent of women and 62% of men reported that they were both changing their diet and exercising more as part of a current weight-loss attempt. Frequently reported weight-loss practices included weighing oneself regularly (71% and 70% for women and men, respectively), walking (58% and 44%), using diet soft drinks (52% and 45%), taking vitamins and minerals (33% and 26%), counting calories (25% and 17%), skipping meals (21% and 20%), using commercial meal replacements, (15% and 13%), taking diet pills (14% and 7%), and participating in organized weight-loss programs (13% and 5%). Sex, education, and overweight status influenced the choice of a weight-loss practice. Conclusions: Individual approaches to weight-loss vary and are characterized by their duration and by their recurrent nature. Policy efforts should be directed toward increasing the long-term effectiveness of individual weight-loss plans. RP LEVY, AS (reprint author), USDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV MARKET STUDIES,HFS-727,200 C ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 13 TC 140 Z9 142 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 1 PY 1993 VL 119 IS 7 BP 661 EP 666 PN 2 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MA330 UT WOS:A1993MA33000007 PM 8363193 ER PT J AU HYMAN, FN SEMPOS, E SALTSMAN, J GLINSMANN, WH AF HYMAN, FN SEMPOS, E SALTSMAN, J GLINSMANN, WH TI EVIDENCE FOR SUCCESS OF CALORIC RESTRICTION IN WEIGHT-LOSS AND CONTROL - SUMMARY OF DATA FROM INDUSTRY SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON METHODS FOR VOLUNTARY WEIGHT-LOSS AND CONTROL CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1992 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NIH, NUTR COORDINATING COMM, NIH, OFF MED APPL RES ID OBESITY; DIET; MAINTENANCE; PROGRAM AB Data voluntarily supplied by industry were examined to evaluate the success of commercial weight loss programs and products. Information about the safe loss of weight, the maintenance of this lowered weight, and resultant health benefits were reviewed. Information was received from companies that produce over-the-counter preparations designed for persons with a small weight loss goal and from physician-supervised programs for morbidly obese persons placed on very-low-calorie diets. Regardless of the products used, successful weight loss and control was limited and required individualized programs consisting of restricted caloric intake, behavior modification, and exercise. Although some manufacturers of physician-supervised weight loss products for obese persons have defined the effectiveness of their programs with controlled clinical studies, other industry programs have only begun to accurately assess their effectiveness or safety. Given the importance to public health of reducing obesity, rigorous studies on current weight control practices should be pursued aggressively. RP HYMAN, FN (reprint author), USDA,DIV NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 1 PY 1993 VL 119 IS 7 BP 681 EP 687 PN 2 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MA330 UT WOS:A1993MA33000011 PM 8363197 ER PT J AU VAREL, VH KREIKEMEIER, KK JUNG, HJG HATFIELD, RD AF VAREL, VH KREIKEMEIER, KK JUNG, HJG HATFIELD, RD TI IN-VITRO STIMULATION OF FORAGE FIBER DEGRADATION BY RUMINAL MICROORGANISMS WITH ASPERGILLUS-ORYZAE FERMENTATION EXTRACT SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; RUMEN; DIGESTIBILITY; CULTURE; ACIDS; PURIFICATION AB Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (Amaferm) was evaluated for its ability to influence degradation of brome grass and switchgrass fiber fractions by mixed ruminal microorganisms in vitro. Addition of Amaferm at a concentration of 0.067 mg/ml, which is approximately the concentration found in the rumen ecosystem (0.06 mg/ml), increased the degradation of brome grass neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by 28% after fermentation for 12 h (P < 0.01), but had no effect after fermentation for 24 or 48 h. The levels of degradation of both the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions were increased after fermentation for 12 h (P < 0.01). Additions of 0.08 and 8% (vol/vol) Amaferm filtrate (12.5 g/100 ml) stimulated degradation of switchgrass NDF by 12 and 24% (P < 0.01), respectively, after fermentation for 12 h; when 80% filtrate was added, degradation was decreased by 38%. The concentrations of total anaerobes in culture tubes containing 80% filtrate were 5 times greater than the concentrations in the controls; however, the concentrations of cellulolytic organisms were 3.5 times lower than the concentrations in the controls (P < 0.05). These results suggested that the filtrate contained high concentrations of soluble substrate which did not allow the cellulolytic organisms to compete well with other populations. The remaining concentrations of esterified p-coumaric and ferulic acids were lower at 12 h in NDF residues obtained from fermentation mixtures supplemented with Amaferm. Because the total anaerobes were not inhibited in fermentation mixtures containing Amaferm, antibiotics are unlikely to be involved as a mode of action for increasing NDF degradation. The possibility that Amaferm contains enzymes (possibly esterases) that may play a role in stimulating the rate of fiber degradation by mixed ruminal microorganisms by removal of plant cell wall phenolic acid esters is discussed. C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR CLUSTER,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP VAREL, VH (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 59 IS 10 BP 3171 EP 3176 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MA353 UT WOS:A1993MA35300002 PM 16349057 ER PT J AU YANG, CMJ RUSSELL, JB AF YANG, CMJ RUSSELL, JB TI EFFECT OF MONENSIN ON THE SPECIFIC ACTIVITY OF AMMONIA PRODUCTION BY RUMINAL BACTERIA AND DISAPPEARANCE OF AMINO NITROGEN FROM THE RUMEN SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROORGANISMS INVITRO; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; PEPTIDES; CATTLE; DIGESTION; ACIDS AB When unadapted mixed ruminal bacteria (312 mg of protein per liter) were treated with monensin (5 mM) in vitro, the rates of ammonia production from enzymatic digests of casein, gelatin, and soy protein (0.5 g of N per liter) were decreased from 46 +/- 2 to 24 +/- 1, 20 +/- 1 to 7 +/- 1, and 40 +/- 2 to 18 +/- 2 nmol/mg of protein per min, respectively. Monensin also caused a decrease in ammonia production in vivo. Nonlactating dairy cows which were fed 0.56 kg of timothy hay 12 times per day had a steady-state ruminal ammonia concentration of 2.7 +/- 0.1 mM, and the ammonia concentration decreased to 1.2 +/- 0.2 mM when monensin (350 mg/day) was added to the diet. The decrease in ammonia production was associated with a 10-fold reduction (4.1 x 10(6) versus 4.2 x 10(5)/ml) in the most probable number of ammonia-producing ruminal bacteria that could use protein hydrolysate as an energy source. Monensin had little effect on the most probable number of carbohydrate-utilizing ruminal bacteria (6.5 versus 7.0 x 10(8)/ml). The addition of protein hydrolysates (560 g) to the rumen caused a rapid increase in the ammonia concentration, but this increase was at least 30% lower when the animals were fed monensin. Since the specific rates of microbial utilization for soy, casein, and gelatin hydrolysates were lower in monensin-fed animals (0.80 +/- 0.04 versus 0.33 +/- 0.03, 0.55 +/- 0.01 versus 0.18 +/- 0.02, and 0.25 +/- 0.01 versus 0.06 +/- 0.02 h-1, respectively), it appeared that monensin was increasing the rate of passage of amino acid nitrogen from the rumen. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DIV BIOL SCI,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 36 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 59 IS 10 BP 3250 EP 3254 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MA353 UT WOS:A1993MA35300014 PM 8250552 ER PT J AU CHANG, PK CARY, JW BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE BENNETT, JW LINZ, JE WOLOSHUK, CP PAYNE, GA AF CHANG, PK CARY, JW BHATNAGAR, D CLEVELAND, TE BENNETT, JW LINZ, JE WOLOSHUK, CP PAYNE, GA TI CLONING OF THE ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS APA-2 GENE ASSOCIATED WITH THE REGULATION OF AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM; FLAVUS; STERIGMATOCYSTIN; NIDULANS AB An Aspergillus parasiticus gene, designated apa-2, was identified as a regulatory gene associate with aflatoxin biosynthesis. The apa-2 gene was cloned on the basis of overproduction of pathway intermediates following transformation of fungal strains with cosmid DNA containing the aflatoxin biosynthetic genes nor-1 and ver-1. Transformation of an 0-methylsterigmatocystin-accumulating strain, A. parasiticus SRRC 2043, with a 5.5-kb HindIII-XbaI DNA fragment containing apa-2 resulted in overproduction of all aflatoxin pathway intermediates analyzed. Specific enzyme activities associated with the conversion of norsolorinic acid and sterigmatocystin were increased approximately twofold. The apa-2 gene was found to complement an A. flavus afl-2 mutant strain for aflatoxin production, suggesting that apa-2 is functionally homologous to afl-2. Comparison of the A. parasiticus apa-2 gene DNA sequence with that of the A. flavus afl-2 gene (G. A. Payne, G. J. Nystorm, D. Bhatnagar, T. E. Cleveland, and C. P. Woloshuk, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:156-162, 1993) showed that they shared >95% DNA homology. Physical mapping of cosmid subclones placed apa-2 approximately 8 kb from ver-1. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124. TULANE UNIV,DEPT CELL & MOLEC BIOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI & HUMAN NUTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 46 TC 157 Z9 164 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 59 IS 10 BP 3273 EP 3279 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MA353 UT WOS:A1993MA35300017 PM 8250554 ER PT J AU VANDENWYMELENBERG, A COVERT, S CULLEN, D AF VANDENWYMELENBERG, A COVERT, S CULLEN, D TI IDENTIFICATION OF THE GENE ENCODING THE MAJOR CELLOBIOHYDROLASE OF THE WHITE-ROT FUNGUS PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID TRICHODERMA-REESEI; ORGANIZATION; FAMILY; LIGNIN AB Previous studies have shown that the cellobiohydrolases of the white rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium are encoded by a family of structurally related genes. In this investigation, we identified and sequenced the most highly transcribed gene, cbh1-4. Evidence suggests that in this fungus the dominant isozyme, CBH1, is encoded by cbh1-4. C1 US FOREST SERV,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53705. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 59 IS 10 BP 3492 EP 3494 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA MA353 UT WOS:A1993MA35300050 PM 8250570 ER PT J AU PASSOS, FV FLEMING, HP OLLIS, DF HASSAN, HM FELDER, RM AF PASSOS, FV FLEMING, HP OLLIS, DF HASSAN, HM FELDER, RM TI MODELING THE SPECIFIC GROWTH-RATE OF LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM IN CUCUMBER EXTRACT SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FERMENTATION; ACID; INHIBITION; PRODUCT AB Extensive empirical research has been published on the fermentation of vegetables, but little predictive modeling of the process is available. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of key variables involved in cucumber fermentation and to develop models for predicting the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum in pure and mixed culture fermentations. The growth medium for the studies was cucumber juice. The effects of various concentrations of lactic, acetic, and hydochloric acids and sodium chloride on growth at 30-degrees-C were determined in batch culture. Limiting conditions for growth were pH 3.37 (lower limit), 69 mM undissociated lactic acid, 150 mM undissociated acetic acid, or 11.8% NaCl. Acetic acid was stimulatory to growth at low concentrations (up to 40 mM) but inhibitory at higher concentrations. Lactic acid was more inhibitory than acetic acid, whether total or undissociated concentrations were used as the basis of comparison. A predictive equation for specific growth rate was developed, tested, and shown to predict growth of L. plantarum in batch processes reasonably well. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD FERMENTAT LAB,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,DEPT FOOD SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,RALEIGH,NC 27695. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NR 25 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 40 IS 1 BP 143 EP 150 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA MC070 UT WOS:A1993MC07000025 ER PT J AU LEMLY, AD AF LEMLY, AD TI METABOLIC STRESS DURING WINTER INCREASES THE TOXICITY OF SELENIUM TO FISH SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SELENIUM; BLUEGILL; CENTRARCHIDS; WINTER MORTALITY; METABOLIC STRESS ID LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; WATERBORNE SELENIUM; ORGAN WEIGHT; ACCUMULATION; REPRODUCTION; SUNFISH; BLUEGILLS; EXPOSURE; FORM AB This study examined the effect of reductions in water temperature and photoperiod, mimicking winter conditions, on the toxicity of combined dietary (5.1 mug/g dry weight) and waterborne (4.8 mug/l) selenium to juvenile bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Elevated selenium caused hematological changes and gill damage that reduced respiratory capacity, while increasing respiratory demand and oxygen consumption. Elevated selenium in combination with low water temperature (4-degrees-C) caused reduced activity and feeding, depletion of 50-80% of body lipid, and significant mortality within 60 days. Fish in warm-water selenium exposures continued to actively feed and lipid depletion did not occur despite increased oxygen consumption. The combination of stress-related elevation in energy demand and reductions in feeding due to cold temperature and short photoperiod, leading to severe depletion of stored body lipid, is given the name Winter Stress Syndrome. This syndrome caused bluegill to undergo an energetic drain that resulted in death of about one-third of the fish. Results indicate that the current US national water quality criterion for selenium is not adequate to protect young bluegill and other species that substantially reduce activity and feeding during cold weather. Aquatic contaminants should be evaluated in the context of seasonal metabolic changes that normally occur in test organisms. Winter Stress Syndrome could be an important, but as yet unquantified mortality factor in many circumstances. RP LEMLY, AD (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE SCI,US FOREST SERV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 73 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 158 PG 26 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA MF038 UT WOS:A1993MF03800009 ER PT J AU WEIMER, PJ AF WEIMER, PJ TI EFFECTS OF DILUTION RATE AND PH ON THE RUMINAL CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIUM FIBROBACTER-SUCCINOGENES S85 IN CELLULOSE-FED CONTINUOUS-CULTURE SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CELLULASE; CELLULOSE; CONTINUOUS CULTURE; FIBROBACTER; GROWTH YIELDS; KINETICS; RUMEN ID BACTEROIDES-SUCCINOGENES; RUMINOCOCCUS-FLAVEFACIENS; INSOLUBLE CELLULOSE; RUMEN BACTERIA; FINE-STRUCTURE; DIGESTION; MICROORGANISMS; FERMENTATION; KINETICS; GROWTH AB The ruminal cellulolytic bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 was grown in cellulose-fed continuous culture at 22 different combinations of dilution rate (D, 0.014-0.076 h-1) and extracellular pH (6.11-6.84). Effects of pH and D on the fermentation were determined by subjecting data on cellulose consumption, cell yield, product yield (succinate, acetate, formate), and soluble sugar concentration to response surface analysis. The extent of cellulose conversion decreased with increasing D. First-order rate constants at rapid growth rates were estimated as 0.07-0.11 h-1, and decreased with decreasing pH. Apparent decreases in the rate constant with increasing D was not due to inadequate mixing or preferential utilization of the more amorphous regions of the cellulose. Significant quantities of soluble sugars (0.04-0.18 g/l, primarily glucose) were detected in all cultures, suggesting that glucose uptake was rather inefficient. Cell yields (0.11-0.24 g cells/g cellulose consumed) increased with increasing D. Pirt plots of the predicted yield data were used to determined that maintenance coefficient (0.04-0.06 g cellulose/g cells . h) and true growth yield (0.23-0.25 g cells/g cellulose consumed) varied slightly with pH. Yields of succinate, the major fermentation endproduct, were as high as 1.15 mol/mol anhydroglucose fermented, and were slightly affected by dilution rate but were not affected by pH. Comparison of the fermentation data with that of other ruminal cellulolytic bacteria indicates that F. succinogenes S85 is capable of rapid hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose and efficient growth, despite a lower mu(max) on microcrystalline cellulose. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. RP WEIMER, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,1925 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 00570] NR 25 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0302-8933 J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 160 IS 4 BP 288 EP 294 DI 10.1007/BF00292079 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LX414 UT WOS:A1993LX41400006 PM 8239881 ER PT J AU LYU, LC SHIEH, MJ ORDOVAS, JM LICHTENSTEIN, AH WILSON, PWF SCHAEFER, EJ AF LYU, LC SHIEH, MJ ORDOVAS, JM LICHTENSTEIN, AH WILSON, PWF SCHAEFER, EJ TI PLASMA-LIPOPROTEIN AND APOLIPOPROTEIN LEVELS IN TAIPEI AND FRAMINGHAM SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS LA English DT Article DE CHINESE; TOTAL CHOLESTEROL; TRIGLYCERIDES; HDL CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL; APOA-I; APO-B; LIPOPROTEIN(A); GENDER; MENOPAUSE ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; SERUM-LIPIDS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ARTERY DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; FAT DISTRIBUTION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; BODY-MASS AB We compared the plasma lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoprotein (apo) A-1, apoB, and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentrations in a low coronary heart disease (CHD) risk population (n=440) in Taipei with a high CHD risk population (n=428) in Framingham matched for age, sex, and menopausal status. Taipei men had significantly lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (-20 mg/dL, -14%, P<.01) and apoB (-7 mg/dL, -6%, P<.05) levels and significantly higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (6 mg/dL, 13%, P<.01) than Framingham men. Taipei women had significantly lower LDL-C (-18 mg/dL, -15%, P<.01) and higher HDL-C (4 mg/dL, 7%, P<.01) levels than Framingham women. Median concentrations and distributions of Lp(a) by sex were similar in Taipei and Framingham. After adjusting for body mass index and smoking status, only differences in total cholesterol and LDL-C levels remained significantly different for both sexes between the two populations (P<.01). Gender differences for lipids within populations were similar. After adjusting for age, body mass index, and smoking status, women in both Taipei and Framingham had significantly lower mean triglyceride, LDL-C, and apoB levels and significantly higher HDL-C and apoA-1 levels than men. Postmenopausal women in Taipei had significantly higher mean total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, apoA-1, apoB, and Lp(a) levels than premenopausal women (P<.05), whereas in Framingham postmenopausal women had significantly higher total cholesterol, triglyceride, 1,DL-C, and apoB levels than premenopausal women (P<.05). Our data are consistent with the concept that plasma lipoprotein cholesterol levels (especially LDL-C) but not apolipoprotein values explain some of the twofold difference in age-adjusted CHD mortality between these two populations. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. TAIPEI MED COLL,DEPT NUTR & HLTH SCI,TAIPEI,TAIWAN. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,EPIDEMIOL & BIOMETRY PROGRAM,FRAMINGHAM,MA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 63 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1049-8834 J9 ARTERIOSCLER THROMB JI Arterioscler. Thromb. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1429 EP 1440 PG 12 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA MB206 UT WOS:A1993MB20600006 PM 8399079 ER PT J AU LICHTENSTEIN, AH AUSMAN, LM CARRASCO, W JENNER, JL GUALTIERI, LJ GOLDIN, BR ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ AF LICHTENSTEIN, AH AUSMAN, LM CARRASCO, W JENNER, JL GUALTIERI, LJ GOLDIN, BR ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ TI EFFECTS OF CANOLA, CORN, AND OLIVE OILS ON FASTING AND POSTPRANDIAL PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS IN HUMANS AS PART OF A NATIONAL CHOLESTEROL EDUCATION-PROGRAM STEP 2 DIET SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; TRIGLYCERIDES; LDL CHOLESTEROL; HDL CHOLESTEROL; DIET; SATURATED FAT; MONOUNSATURATED FAT; POLYUNSATURATED FAT; NATIONAL CHOLESTEROL EDUCATION PROGRAM; FATTY ACIDS ID MONOUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; POLY-UNSATURATED FAT; LIPID-LOWERING DIET; SUNFLOWER OIL; NORMOLIPIDEMIC MEN; HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE; HDL CHOLESTEROL; HEALTHY-MEN; LOW-DENSITY; OLEIC-ACID AB The most stringent dietary recommendations of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) are to limit fat intake to <30% of calories, saturated fat intake to <7% of calories, and cholesterol intake to <200 mg/d (Step 2 diet). There is debate as to whether the remaining fat in the diet should be relatively high in monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. We examined this issue by testing the effects of diets meeting the aforementioned guidelines that were enriched in three different vegetable oils on plasma lipids in the fasting and postprandial states in a clinically relevant population. Female and male subjects (n = 15, mean age, 61 years) with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations > 130 mg/dL were studied under strictly controlled conditions. Subjects were first placed on a diet similar to that currently consumed in the United States to stabilize plasma lipids with respect to identical fat and cholesterol intakes. The subjects then received diets meeting NCEP Step 2 criteria in which two thirds of the fat calories were given either as canola, corn, or olive oil in a randomized, double-blinded fashion for 32 days each. Plasma cholesterol concentrations declined after consumption of diets enriched in all the test oils; however, the declines were significantly greater for the canola (12%) and corn (13%) than for the olive (7%) oil-enriched diet. Mean plasma LDL-C concentrations declined after consumption of diets enriched in all the test oils (16%, 17%, and 13% for canola, corn, and olive oil, respectively), and the magnitude of the declines was statistically indistinguishable among the test oils. Mean plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations declined after consumption of the baseline diet, and these declines were significant for the canola (7%) and corn (9%) oil-enriched diets. Changes in LDL apolipoprotein (apo)B concentrations paralleled those of LDL-C. Switching from the baseline to the vegetable oil-enriched diets had no significant effect on plasma triglyceride, apoA-I, and lipoprotein(a) concentrations or the total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio. LDL apoB to apoA-I ratios were significantly reduced when the subjects consumed the vegetable oil-enriched diets. Differences similar to those observed in the fasting state were observed in the postprandial state. The major finding of this study is that significant reductions in LDL-C and apoB levels can be achieved in middle-aged and elderly women and men with initial LDL-C levels > 130 mg/dL by reducing dietary saturated fat and cholesterol intake and by incorporating vegetable oils rich in either monounsaturated fatty acids (canola and olive oil) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (corn oil) as part of an NCEP Step 2 diet. Although differential effects were seen after the consumption of the three different oil-enriched diets in some plasma lipid measures, none of these oils had a significant advantage in terms of altering the overall lipoprotein profile. C1 TUFTS UNIV,DEPT COMMUNITY MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP LICHTENSTEIN, AH (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-39326] NR 54 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1049-8834 J9 ARTERIOSCLER THROMB JI Arterioscler. Thromb. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1533 EP 1542 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA MB206 UT WOS:A1993MB20600019 PM 8399091 ER PT J AU KING, DJ AF KING, DJ TI NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS PASSAGE IN MDBK CELLS AS AN AID IN DETECTION OF A VIRULENT SUBPOPULATION SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; STRAINS AB Newcastle disease virus strains (NDV) La Sota, Texas GB (GB), and mixtures of the two strains were serially passaged in embryonated chicken eggs or the MDBK cell line, a more restrictive culture system than eggs for NDV. The two culture systems were compared by evaluating culture harvests for pathogenicity in inoculated chickens; the harvests were identified by hemagglutination-inhibition tests against monoclonal antibodies that can differentiate La Sota and GB cultures. Both viruses, inoculated alone or as mixtures, were propagated by passage in chicken eggs. La Sota strain failed to propagate by continuous passage in MDBK cells, and only GB was identified in culture harvests propagated in MDBK cells that had been inoculated with GB or mixtures of GB and La Sota. The results indicate that the MDBK cell line is a more selective substrate than chicken eggs and suggest that passage in MDBK cells may aid in selecting for more virulent subpopulations of NDV in a mixed culture. Other reference NDV strains, pigeon NDV isolates, and recent lentogenic NDV isolates from chickens were also passaged in MDBK cells; all strains except those that are classified as lentogens like La Sota could be serially propagated in MDBK cells. RP KING, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 11 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 37 IS 4 BP 961 EP 969 DI 10.2307/1591900 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MQ797 UT WOS:A1993MQ79700003 PM 8141755 ER PT J AU RUFF, MD GARCIA, R CHUTE, MB TAMAS, T AF RUFF, MD GARCIA, R CHUTE, MB TAMAS, T TI EFFECT OF AMPROLIUM ON PRODUCTION, SPORULATION, AND INFECTIVITY OF EIMERIA OOCYSTS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DINITOLMIDE; ACERVULINA AB Amprolium reduced the number of oocysts shed by Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima, E. necatrix, and a mixture of susceptible strains of E. tenella. Sporulation of oocysts from medicated chickens was reduced compared with that of oocysts from unmedicated chickens. Sporulation was reduced by levels of 0.0250% amprolium for E. acervulina and by levels of 0.0060% for E. maxima and the susceptible E. tenella. Not enough oocysts were recovered to measure sporulation of E. necatrix. Sporulation reduction was not affected by the method of administration of amprolium (feed or water), except with E. acervulina, for which fewer oocysts sporulated when 0.0120% amprolium was added in the drinking water than when 0.0125% amprolium was added to the feed. Conversely, amprolium medication had no effect on the sporulation of an amprolium-resistant E. tenella. When fed to unmedicated chickens, those oocysts from amprolium-medicated chickens that did sporulate were as infective as oocysts recovered from unmedicated chickens. C1 AGR RES CTR E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. MERCK & CO INC,RAHWAY,NJ 07065. RP RUFF, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 37 IS 4 BP 988 EP 992 DI 10.2307/1591904 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MQ797 UT WOS:A1993MQ79700007 PM 8141759 ER PT J AU PORTER, RE HOLT, PS AF PORTER, RE HOLT, PS TI EFFECT OF INDUCED MOLTING ON THE SEVERITY OF INTESTINAL LESIONS CAUSED BY SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION IN CHICKENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article AB A study was conducted to describe the intestinal lesions caused by Salmonella enteritidis infection in 20-, 40-, and 74-week-old white leghorn chickens that were undergoing a feed deprivation-induced molt. The chickens were infected on the fourth day after feed was removed. At 4 days postinfection (8 days of feed deprivation), cecal and cecal tonsil inflammation was significantly greater in molted infected chickens than in unmolted infected chickens. The cecal lamina propria and epithelium of molted infected chickens contained heterophilic infiltrates, and there were heterophils and sloughed epithelial cells in cecal lumina. Colonic inflammation, consisting of heterophils infiltrating lamina propria and epithelium, occurred more often in molted infected chickens than in unmolted infected chickens. Immunoperoxidase staining of intestinal sections from 20-and 40-week-old chickens revealed S. enteritidis antigen in the lamina propria of cecum, cecal tonsil, and occasionally the colon of molted infected chickens. The character of the S. enteritidis-induced intestinal lesions associated with molting was similar for different ages of birds. RP PORTER, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 10 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1009 EP 1016 DI 10.2307/1591907 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MQ797 UT WOS:A1993MQ79700010 PM 8141727 ER PT J AU NISBET, DJ CORRIER, DE SCANLAN, CM HOLLISTER, AG BEIER, RC DELOACH, JR AF NISBET, DJ CORRIER, DE SCANLAN, CM HOLLISTER, AG BEIER, RC DELOACH, JR TI EFFECT OF A DEFINED CONTINUOUS-FLOW DERIVED BACTERIAL CULTURE AND DIETARY LACTOSE ON SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION IN BROILER-CHICKENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL FLORA; MICROFLORA; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION AB A defined bacterial culture protective against Salmonella typhimurium cecal colonization in broiler chicks was derived utilizing a continuous-flow (CF) culture apparatus. Chicks receiving the CF culture in combination with a diet containing dietary lactose were protected against cecal colonization by S. typhimurium. The culture consisted of a mixture of gram-positive and gram-negative facultative and strictly anaerobic bacteria. The isolates were identified as Enterococcus avium, two strains of Enterococcus faecalis (designated A and B), Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus animalis, a Lactobacillus that could not be identified to species level (designated strain CMS), Citrobacter freundii Escherichia coli, E. fergusonii, Bifidobacterium animalis, and Propionibacterium acidipropionici. Results indicated that CF cultures can be used as a tool to identify bacteria which are antagonistic to S. typbimurium in the chick cecum. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP NISBET, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 28 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1017 EP 1025 DI 10.2307/1591908 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MQ797 UT WOS:A1993MQ79700011 PM 8141728 ER PT J AU BEETHAM, PK GLICK, B DICK, JW AF BEETHAM, PK GLICK, B DICK, JW TI A COMPARISON OF 3 ISOLATION METHODS FOR OBTAINING IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A FROM TURKEY BILE SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID YOLK AB Turkey IgA was isolated from bile by three methods: ammonium sulfate precipitation, polyethylene glycol (PEG) extraction, and lambda-carrageenan extraction. The isolated immunoglobulin fractions were compared using double diffusion, immunoelectrophoresis (IE), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results indicated that all three methods of isolation are sufficient for the initial isolation step for purification of the immunoglobulin fraction in turkey bile. Because of contaminating IgG, IgM, and other high-molecular-weight proteins, further purification by column chromatography is needed to isolate pure IgA. The lambda-carrageenan extraction method appears to be the method of choice for precipitating the immunoglobulin fraction in bile, because. of the high antibody activity after extraction. Like- ammonium sulfate precipitation, lambda-carrageenan and PEG extraction are not sufficient as single-step purification methods and should be used as the initial step in the purification of IgA. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT POULTRY SCI,CLEMSON,SC 29634. RP BEETHAM, PK (reprint author), USDA ARS,KERRVILLE,TX 78028, USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1026 EP 1031 DI 10.2307/1591909 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MQ797 UT WOS:A1993MQ79700012 PM 8141729 ER PT J AU HUME, ME CORRIER, DE AMBRUS, S HINTON, A DELOACH, JR AF HUME, ME CORRIER, DE AMBRUS, S HINTON, A DELOACH, JR TI EFFECTIVENESS OF DIETARY PROPIONIC-ACID IN CONTROLLING SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION IN BROILER CHICKS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHAIN ORGANIC-ACIDS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; FATTY-ACIDS; LACTOSE; MICROFLORA; PH; FEED AB Newly hatched broiler chicks were provided a corn/soybean meal-based ration treated with propionic acid at 30 mumol/g of feed ration. At 3 days of age, the chicks were challenged orally with 10+ Salmonella typbimurium. Crop contents from 4-day-old chicks that were provided dietary propionic acid contained significantly higher concentrations of propionic acid (4.0 to 6.8 mumol/g crop contents) than crops from challenged control chicks provided untreated feed (0.9 to 1.5 mumol/g crop contents). Provision of dietary propionic acid on feed as a dry powder in five trials or a liquid application in three trials had no significant effect on crop or cecal pH. Significant decreases in Salmonella in the crop and ceca were detected in one trial, but the decreases were likely the result of the presence of anti-salmonellae bacteria rather than the dietary propionic acid. Results indicate that propionic acid in the feed was ineffective in reducing Salmonella infection in the crop and ceca. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP HUME, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,RT 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1051 EP 1056 DI 10.2307/1591912 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MQ797 UT WOS:A1993MQ79700015 PM 8141732 ER PT J AU RHOADES, KR RIMLER, RB AF RHOADES, KR RIMLER, RB TI PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA VIRULENCE FACTORS - SELECTION OF FOWL CHOLERA-INDUCING AND NONINDUCING STRAINS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TURKEYS AB Relatively little information is available on Pasteurella multocida virulence factors involved in producing fowl cholera, Because of the complex nature of bacterial pathogenesis, the recommended approach for ascertaining these factors is to compare biological attributes of high- and low-virulence strains. To permit use of this approach for fowl cholera, P. multocida strains of high and low virulence were identified. Turkey poults were exposed intrapharyngeally and intravenously (IV) to two antigenically and biochemically similar strains. Based on mortality, strain P-1059 was highly virulent and strain P-1062 was avirulent. Microbiological examination indicated that only the virulent strain infected the pharyngeal mucosa of intrapharyngeally exposed poults and survived and multiplied in IV-exposed poults. These findings indicate strain differences in those virulence factors concerned with the colonization and multiplication stages of disease development. RP RHOADES, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AVIAN DIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1071 EP 1073 DI 10.2307/1591915 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MQ797 UT WOS:A1993MQ79700018 PM 8141735 ER PT J AU GAST, RK STONE, HD HOLT, PS AF GAST, RK STONE, HD HOLT, PS TI EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF OIL-EMULSION BACTERINS FOR REDUCING FECAL SHEDDING OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS BY LAYING HENS SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED HENS; CHICKENS; TYPHIMURIUM; MICE; EGGS; PATHOGENESIS; RESPONSES; VACCINE; LIVE AB Two replicate experiments were conducted to test the efficacy of two different Salmonella enteritidis oil-emulsion bacterins (an experimentally prepared acetone-killed vaccine and a commercially available vaccine) for protecting laying hens against intestinal colonization following oral exposure to S. enteritidis. Each vaccine was administered twice (4 weeks apart), and all hens were challenged with 10(8) cells of a nalidixic-acid-resistant S. enteritidis strain 2 weeks after the second vaccination. Fecal samples from vaccinated and unvaccinated control hens were cultured at three weekly intervals post-challenge to determine the incidence of intestinal colonization and the numbers of S. enteritidis shed into the environment. Both vaccines significantly reduced the incidence of intestinal colonization (P < 0.05) and the mean number of S. enteritidis cells shed in the feces (P < 0.01) at 1 week post-challenge. However, the degree of protection afforded by vaccination was only partial, as more than half of the vaccinated hens still shed substantial numbers of S. enteritidis. If used in conjunction with other flock sanitation and infection-monitoring strategies, vaccination with bacterins could potentially reduce the overall level of environmental contamination and thereby also reduce the horizontal transmission of S. enteritidis within and between laying flocks. RP GAST, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 30 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1085 EP 1091 DI 10.2307/1591918 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MQ797 UT WOS:A1993MQ79700021 PM 8141738 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, JH WALKER, RH LU, NP BANNON, JS AF EDWARDS, JH WALKER, RH LU, NP BANNON, JS TI APPLYING ORGANICS TO AGRICULTURAL LAND SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849. AUBURN UNIV,EV SMITH RES CTR,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP EDWARDS, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD OCT PY 1993 VL 34 IS 10 BP 48 EP 50 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA MD801 UT WOS:A1993MD80100008 ER PT J AU SPARROW, EB SPARROW, SD COCHRAN, VL AF SPARROW, EB SPARROW, SD COCHRAN, VL TI PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN DYNAMICS DURING FIELD INCUBATIONS IN FOREST AND FALLOW SUB-ARCTIC SOILS SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE NITRIFICATION; MINERALIZATION; IMMOBILIZATION; FOREST FLOOR; SUB-ARCTIC ID NITRATE PRODUCTION; INTERIOR ALASKA; ORGANIC-MATTER; MINERALIZATION; NITRIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; DECOMPOSITION; CARBON; TEMPERATURE; INHIBITION AB A knowledge of the nutrient dynamics that occur with land use changes, eg., in clearing forests for farmland, is useful in choosing the most efficient soil and fertilizer management practices. To determine net in situ P and N mineralization and nitrification rates of forest floor materials and their nutrient value for agricultural crops, plastic bags containing different materials (moss, O horizon, and A horizon) collected from a subarctic black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.) forest were incubated for 2 years in their respective forest horizons and at 7.5 cm depth in a nearby fallow field. Net amounts of P and N mineralized were highest in moss and were similar in forest and field when the temperature and moisture content were similar, but smaller in forest when the water content was higher. Net nitrification was negligible in O and A horizon material but significant in moss during the 2nd year, occurring sooner and producing higher NO3- levels in the field (171 mg ha-1 than in the forest (13 mg ha-1). Moss P and N mineralization rates were correlated in the fallow field. Temperature, moisture content, and substrate -quality were important factors controlling P and N dynamics of forest floor materials in a subarctic fallow field and native forest. In subarctic regions, incorporation and mineralization of forest floor materials could provide an early source of N and P (70 and 17 kg ha-1, respectively) for succeeding agricultural crops. C1 UNIV ALASKA,AGR & FORESTRY EXPT STN,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP SPARROW, EB (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,USDA ARS,SUBARCT RES UNIT,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD OCT PY 1993 VL 16 IS 4 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1007/BF00369299 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA MD248 UT WOS:A1993MD24800001 ER PT J AU REXROAD, CE POWELL, AM AF REXROAD, CE POWELL, AM TI DEVELOPMENT OF OVINE EMBRYOS COCULTURED ON OVIDUCTAL CELLS, EMBRYONIC FIBROBLASTS, OR STO CELL MONOLAYERS SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; SHEEP EMBRYOS; MOUSE EMBRYOS; ESTROUS-CYCLE; INVITRO; COCULTURE; EXPRESSION; FERTILITY; PREGNANCY AB One- and two-cell ovine embryos were co-cultured on primary monolayer cultures of ovine oviductal cells (OM) and ovine embryonic fibroblasts (EF) or on monolayers of STO cells (STO), a permanent cell line, to determine whether a co-culture system could be developed for ovine embryos utilizing a well-characterized cell line. More than 65% (n = 64) of embryos co-cultured on OM and STO for 5 days cleaved beyond the ''in vitro'' block whereas only 26% (n = 35) of embryos co-cultured on EF cleaved to the same degree (p < 0.05). Mitotic inactivation of the monolayer did not alter the response to each cell type. In a second experiment, development of embryos was similar after co-culture on OM or STO cells for both 3 and 6 days. Co-culture of zygotes on OM and STO cells produced 38 and 33% blastocysts after 6 days of co-culture. After embryo transfer, only recipients receiving at least one blastocyst became pregnant. About 33% of the transferred blastocysts produced fetuses. STO cell co-culture may provide the same stimulus to development as OM cell co-culture and may be advantageous for study of the requirements for early ovine embryonic development. In addition, STO cells displayed contact inhibition and formed monolayers that did not overgrow embryos as did primary cultures of ovine oviductal cells. RP REXROAD, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BLDG 200,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 49 IS 4 BP 789 EP 793 DI 10.1095/biolreprod49.4.789 PG 5 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA LY467 UT WOS:A1993LY46700018 PM 8218643 ER PT J AU WILSON, FD AF WILSON, FD TI HIBISCUS SECTION FURCARIA (MALVACEAE) IN ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC BASIN SO BRITTONIA LA English DT Article DE HIBISCUS; MALVACEAE; PACIFIC BASIN AB Hibiscus section Furcaria includes more than 60 known taxa. The section has a mainly tropical distribution, but a few species penetrate subtropical and temperate regions. Seven taxa are recognized that occur in the islands of the Pacific Basin, five of which are endemic. Hibiscus fijiensis is described and a new combination, Hibiscus brackenridgei subsp. molokaianus, is proposed. RP WILSON, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0007-196X J9 BRITTONIA JI Brittonia PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 45 IS 4 BP 275 EP 285 DI 10.2307/2807603 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MP037 UT WOS:A1993MP03700002 ER PT J AU WORCESTER, EM SEBASTIAN, JL HIATT, JG BESHENSKY, AM SADOWSKI, JA AF WORCESTER, EM SEBASTIAN, JL HIATT, JG BESHENSKY, AM SADOWSKI, JA TI THE EFFECT OF WARFARIN ON URINE CALCIUM-OXALATE CRYSTAL-GROWTH INHIBITION AND URINARY-EXCRETION OF CALCIUM AND NEPHROCALCIN SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM OXALATE; VITAMIN-K-DEPENDENT PROTEINS; CALCIUM EXCRETION; WARFARIN ID GAMMA-CARBOXYGLUTAMIC ACID; VITAMIN-K DEFICIENCY; CIRCULATING OSTEOCALCIN; CONTAINING PROTEINS; ORAL ANTICOAGULANT; GLA PROTEIN; BONE; KIDNEY; INVITRO; RAT AB Urine contains inhibitors of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal growth. One such inhibitor is nephrocalcin (NC), a glycoprotein which is made in the kidney and contains several residues of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) per molecule. The presence of Gla may be important to its ability to inhibit crystal growth. Several studies suggest that vitamin K-dependent proteins may also play a role in renal calcium (Ca) handling, and that vitamin D deficiency may lead to excess urinary Ca loss, but the effect of the vitamin K antagonist warfafin on urinary Ca excretion and CaOx growth inhibition in humans is not known. We studied 11 men while they were taking warfafin for a mean of 252 days, and again a mean of 64 days after its discontinuation. Urinary Ca excretion did not differ between those on or off warfarin, or between those on warfarin and normal controls. The ability of the subjects' urine to inhibit CaOx crystal growth did not differ on or off warfafin, or from that of control urine, and the excretion of immunoreactive NC also did not differ between these groups. NC was found to be responsible for approximately 16% of the CaOx growth inhibition seen. These results do not suggest that vitamin K-dependent proteins play a major role in renal Ca excretion in men, or that interference with vitamin K alters NC excretion or inhibitory activity of the urine. C1 MED COLL WISCONSIN,DEPT MED,MILWAUKEE,WI 53295. ZABLOCKI VET ADM MED CTR,MED SERV,MILWAUKEE,WI 53295. ZABLOCKI VET ADM MED CTR,PHARM SERV,MILWAUKEE,WI 53295. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP WORCESTER, EM (reprint author), ZABLOCKI VET ADM MED CTR,NEPHROL SECT,5000 W NATL AVE,MILWAUKEE,WI 53295, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK41725] NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 53 IS 4 BP 242 EP 248 DI 10.1007/BF01320909 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LX472 UT WOS:A1993LX47200006 PM 8275352 ER PT J AU MCDONALD, PM FIDDLER, GO AF MCDONALD, PM FIDDLER, GO TI FEASIBILITY OF ALTERNATIVES TO HERBICIDES IN YOUNG CONIFER PLANTATIONS IN CALIFORNIA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY, AUBURN, AL SP AUBURN UNIV, INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG HO AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY AB Escalating controversy on clear-cutting, herbicides, burning, and grazing led to a research program with 40 studies, begun in 1980, that compared most of the vegetation management techniques used for enhancing growth of 1- to 3-year-old conifer seedlings. These include such direct techniques as manual manipulation, mulching, herbicides, and grazing for releasing conifer seedlings from undesirable vegetation, and several silvicultural practices (broadcast burning, group selection, genetically improved seedlings) that serve as indirect methods for reducing or avoiding vegetation problems. Manual release and mulching are effective but expensive. Herbicides are effective, applicable to almost all plant communities, and relatively inexpensive. Grazing is good for cattle and sheep, but does not significantly enhance conifer seedling growth. Utilizing the silvicultural practices noted above and emphasizing replacement vegetation show promise, but lack sufficient testing for us to evaluate feasibility. In most instances, forests cannot be managed economically without herbicides if the goal is to grow seedlings at the potential of the site and the plant community includes sprouting hardwoods and shrubs or rhizomatous forbs and ferns. If the goal is to create a forest with several age-classes and variable structure, but with slower seedling growth, longer time to harvest, and less species diversity in early seral stages, then it is possible to accomplish this without herbicides and other means of vegetation control. RP MCDONALD, PM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,2400 WASHINGTON AVE,REDDING,CA 96001, USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2015 EP 2022 DI 10.1139/x93-252 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MQ182 UT WOS:A1993MQ18200007 ER PT J AU MARKIN, GP GARDNER, DE AF MARKIN, GP GARDNER, DE TI STATUS OF BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL IN VEGETATION MANAGEMENT IN FORESTRY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY, AUBURN, AL SP AUBURN UNIV, INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG HO AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY AB Biological control traditionally depends upon importing the natural enemies of introduced weeds. Since vegetation management in forestry has primarily been aimed at protecting economic species of trees from competition from other native plants, biological control has been of little use in forestry. An alternative approach to controlling unwanted native plants, supplementing their existing complex of natural enemies with introduced insects found attacking closely related plants, is being used on rangeland, but is not recommended for forestry. New agents will not remain restricted to the location where they are released, but will spread and would eventually affect the target plant throughout its entire range, including areas where it might be desirable. A more promising alternative is manipulating one or more insects or diseases that already attack the undesirable plants. Many plant pathogens naturally associated with a particular plant species are highly virulent and specific to only the target plant. Mass producing these pathogens and applying them with conventional spray systems is being used in agriculture and is being considered for forestry. Other methods of manipulation, such as mass rearing insects and releasing them to attack the undesirable plant or manipulating populations of the insect predators that naturally suppress phytophagous insects of a target plant, are discussed. C1 UNIV HAWAII MANOA,CPSU,DEPT BOT,NATL PK SERV,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP MARKIN, GP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INST PACIFIC ISL FORESTRY,PACIFIC SW RES STN,1643 KILAUEA AVE,HILO,HI 96720, USA. NR 65 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2023 EP 2031 DI 10.1139/x93-253 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MQ182 UT WOS:A1993MQ18200008 ER PT J AU HORSLEY, SB AF HORSLEY, SB TI MECHANISMS OF INTERFERENCE BETWEEN HAY-SCENTED FERN AND BLACK-CHERRY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY, AUBURN, AL SP AUBURN UNIV, INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG HO AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY ID MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; INFECTION; SAMPLES; STANDS; GROWTH; ROOTS; DEER AB Hay-scented fem (Dennstaedtia punctilobula Michx.) interferes with establishment of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) in the Allegheny hardwood forest of Pennsylvania. In stands where fem cover is dense, black cherry seeds germinate, but seedlings do not become established. Allelopathy was eliminated as the cause of interference in previous work; the present studies evaluated the resources of soil water, soil phosphorus, soil nitrogen, and light. The impact of hay-scented fem on the level of each resource, the availability of each resource to black cherry seedlings, and the growth response of black cherry seedlings to changes in resource availability were evaluated. Hay-scented fem had little effect on soil moisture levels, nor did it affect plant availability of soil water. The level of soil phosphorus was not reduced by the presence of hay-scented fem nor was phosphorus availability to black cherry seedlings less when they grew with fem. Both the speed and degree of mycorrhizal infection and the foliar phosphorus concentrations were similar in seedlings growing with or without fem cover. Hay-scented fem had no effect on rates of ammonium- or nitrate-nitrogen production nor was the soil concentration of ammonium affected. The presence of hay-scented fem significantly reduced the soil nitrate-nitrogen concentration in the first year after a shelterwood seed cut, but not in die second. Overstory tree roots were more important than hay-scented fem in removing soil nitrate. Availability of soil nitrogen was unaffected by the presence of hay-scented fem or overstory tree roots. Black cherry seedlings grew more where ferns were absent, regardless of whether overstory tree roots were present or absent. Competitive reduction in light was the key mechanism of fem interference with black cherry. Hay-scented fern caused dramatic reductions in both the photon flux density and the ratio of red to far-red light beneath it. Black cherry seedlings survived and grew poorly in the presence of fem foliage shade. Survival and growth similar to that above fem could be restored by restraining fem foliage, allowing light to reach black cherry seedlings from above. RP HORSLEY, SB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,WARREN,PA 16365, USA. NR 40 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2059 EP 2069 DI 10.1139/x93-257 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MQ182 UT WOS:A1993MQ18200012 ER PT J AU ZEDAKER, SM GREGOIRE, TG MILLER, JH AF ZEDAKER, SM GREGOIRE, TG MILLER, JH TI SAMPLE-SIZE NEEDS FOR FORESTRY HERBICIDE TRIALS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY, AUBURN, AL SP AUBURN UNIV, INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG HO AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY ID EFFICACY AB Forest herbicide experiments are increasingly being designed to evaluate smaller treatment differences when comparing existing effective treatments, tank mix ratios, surfactants, and new low-rate products. The ability to detect small differences in efficacy is dependent upon the relationship among sample size, type I and II error probabilities, and the coefficients of variation of the efficacy data. The common sources of variation in efficacy measurements and design considerations for controlling variation are reviewed, while current shortcomings are clarified. A summary of selected trials estimates that coefficients of variation often range between 25 and 100%, making the number of observations necessary to detect small differences very large, especially when the power of the test (1 - beta) is considered. Very often the power of the test has been ignored when designing experiments because of the difficulty in calculating beta. An available program for microcomputers is introduced that allows researchers to examine relationships among sample size, effect size, and coefficients of variation for specified designs, alpha and beta. This program should aid investigators in planning studies that optimize experimental power to detect anticipated effect sizes within resource constraints. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,GEORGE W ANDREWS FORESTRY SCI LAB,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP ZEDAKER, SM (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,DEPT FORESTRY,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2153 EP 2158 DI 10.1139/x93-268 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MQ182 UT WOS:A1993MQ18200023 ER PT J AU WEISE, DR GLOVER, GR AF WEISE, DR GLOVER, GR TI SELECTING A SAMPLING METHOD TO AID IN VEGETATION MANAGEMENT DECISIONS IN LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATIONS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY, AUBURN, AL SP AUBURN UNIV, INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG HO AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY ID DISTANCE METHODS AB Objective methods to evaluate hardwood competition in young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations are not widely used in the southeastern United States. Ability of common sampling rules to accurately estimate hardwood rootstock attributes at low sampling intensities and across varying rootstock spatial distributions is unknown. Fixed area plot, polyareal plot, and Batcheler's triple-point distance sampling estimators of hardwood rootstock density, total height, and crown area were evaluated using computer simulation. Rootstock age, density, and spatial pattern combinations defined 24 artificial populations representative of hardwood rootstocks found in young loblolly pine plantations. Relative bias, relative precision, and within-and between-sample variance of the estimators were used as evaluation criteria. Eighteen sampling estimators with sampling intensities of approximately 1% were evaluated. Mean relative bias ranged from 1.2 to 7.0%, -1.5 to 1.0%, and -3.8 to 3.4% for fixed area, polyareal, and distance estimators, respectively. Spatial pattern affected evaluation criteria. Relative precision was highest in uniform populations and lowest in clumped populations. Variance was lowest in uniform populations and highest in clumped populations. Batcheler's distance estimator performed poorly. The 0.01-acre (1 acre = 0.405 ha) circular plot, vertical line, and horizontal point estimators were deemed ''best'' for density, total height, and crown area estimation, respectively. Vertical line sampling estimated all three attributes well and is recommended for field testing in young conifer plantations. C1 AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP WEISE, DR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2170 EP 2179 DI 10.1139/x93-270 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MQ182 UT WOS:A1993MQ18200025 ER PT J AU MAXWELL, BD ZASADA, JC RADOSEVICH, SR AF MAXWELL, BD ZASADA, JC RADOSEVICH, SR TI SIMULATION OF SALMONBERRY AND THIMBLEBERRY POPULATION ESTABLISHMENT AND GROWTH SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY, AUBURN, AL SP AUBURN UNIV, INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG HO AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY AB A salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis Pursh) and thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus Nutt.) population simulation model was developed and compared with field observations for verification and validation. The species-specific influence of different phenological stages (early spring bud break, early summer fruit set, and fall senescence), different environments (at different sites), and intraspecific density on demographic processes was incorporated into the model. The model predicts the number of individuals in different life-history stages at three phenological stages during a growing season. Simulations were most accurate when compared with low genet density planted populations. Salmonberry populations on a moist site were most accurately simulated. Thimbleberry simulation accuracy was reduced by poor prediction of sprout densities. Salmonberry and thimbleberry population response to an application of glyphosate was simulated and compared with observed canopy cover for 3 years following application. The simulated response was accurate for the 1st year following application, but did not account for continued canopy cover in the observed populations. Salmonberry canopy cover and mean ramet height in response to manual cutting at three phenological stages was also simulated. The model simulations indicated that the most prolonged reduction in salmonberry cover followed cutting at the reproductive stage of growth. C1 USDA,FORESTRY SCI LAB,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP MAXWELL, BD (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2194 EP 2203 DI 10.1139/x93-272 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MQ182 UT WOS:A1993MQ18200027 ER PT J AU WILKINS, RN MARION, WR NEARY, DG TANNER, GW AF WILKINS, RN MARION, WR NEARY, DG TANNER, GW TI VASCULAR PLANT COMMUNITY DYNAMICS FOLLOWING HEXAZINONE SITE PREPARATION IN THE LOWER COASTAL-PLAIN SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY, AUBURN, AL SP AUBURN UNIV, INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG HO AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY ID DIVERSITY; FLORIDA AB Differential responses of vascular plant community compositions, diversities, and species-abundance distributions to hexazinone site preparation were evaluated on three 1-year-old clearcuts, each representing a point along a generalized edaphic gradient (xeric sandhill, mesic flatwoods, and hydric hammock). Foliar cover by species was sampled along four 20-m permanent line transects within each of three blocked replications of hexazinone treatments (0.0, 1.7, 3.4, and 6.8 kg/ha) at pretreatment and after the first and second growing seasons post-treatment. Cover by woody species decreased with increasing hexazinone rates on all sites (P < 0.05). Herbaceous vegetation recovered from first-season reductions to levels that did not vary with treatment (xeric sandhill and mesic flatwoods) or increased with increasing hexazinone rates (hydric hammock). Hexazinone tolerance by Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) Ait.f. and Vaccinium spp. on the xeric sandhill and Ilex glabra (L.) Gray and G. sempervirens on the mesic flatwoods influenced diversity responses by woody and herbaceous vegetation. With increasing rates, herbaceous diversity decreased on the xeric sandhill, did not vary on the mesic flatwoods, and increased on the hydric hammock. Plant community responses to hexazinone were found to be functions of application rate, edaphic factors, adaptive strategies of resident species, and the presence or absence of hexazinone-tolerant species. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT WILDLIFE & RANGE SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2216 EP 2229 DI 10.1139/x93-275 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MQ182 UT WOS:A1993MQ18200030 ER PT J AU PAYSEN, TE NAROG, MG AF PAYSEN, TE NAROG, MG TI TREE MORTALITY 6 YEARS AFTER BURNING A THINNED QUERCUS-CHRYSOLEPIS STAND SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY, AUBURN, AL SP AUBURN UNIV, INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG HO AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY AB Managers do not currently use prescribed fire in stands of canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.) because it is highly susceptible to fire injury. A preliminary study investigating the effects of prescribed burning on this species was initiated on the San Bernardino National Forest in southern California. The purpose was to assess the feasibility of using thinning and prescribed burning to develop shaded fuel breaks in these stands. This paper addresses aboveground tree mortality inventoried 2 and 6 years after a prescribed burn. Aboveground tree stems were judged as live or dead (irrespective of root-zone sprouting). Fire caused approximately 50% mortality in DBH classes less-than-or-equal-to 15 cm and < 10% in larger classes. Between the 2nd and 6th years after burning, tree mortality increased by only 3%. Our results suggest that prescribed fire can be used as a management tool in Q. chrysolepis stands and that tree mortality might be evaluated sooner than previously believed. More investigations are required to identify favorable conditions for prescribed burning in this species, as well as applicability for (i) degree of hazard reduction near the urban wildland interface, (ii) stand improvement by thinning small or crowded trees, and (iii) revitalizing wildlife habitat. RP PAYSEN, TE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2236 EP 2241 DI 10.1139/x93-277 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MQ182 UT WOS:A1993MQ18200032 ER PT J AU VOSE, JM SWANK, WT AF VOSE, JM SWANK, WT TI SITE PREPARATION BURNING TO IMPROVE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN PINE HARDWOOD STANDS - ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS, FOREST FLOOR MASS, AND NITROGEN AND CARBON POOLS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY, AUBURN, AL SP AUBURN UNIV, INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG HO AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY ID NUTRIENT; LOSSES; FIRE; AVAILABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; PLANTATION AB On three sites in the southern Appalachians, stands characterized by sparse overstories and dense Kalmia latifolia L. shrub layers were felled in early summer and burned in early fall. Amounts of aboveground vegetation and forest floor mass, nitrogen (N), and carbon (C) were measured before and after treatment by sampling wood, foliage, herbs, grasses, and forest floor (Oi and Oe + Oa layers). Burning decreased woody mass by 48 to 60% across the three sites. The most intense burn reduced mass from 180 to 70 Mg . ha-1, and N and C losses were 300 kg . ha-1 and 52 Mg . ha-1, respectively. Significant losses of mass, N, and C occurred in the Oi layer, but not in the Oe + Oa layer. Foliage, herbs, and grasses were totally consumed by the fires. Total aboveground N losses across sites ranged from 193 to 480 kg . ha-1. These losses may be significant because N availability is low on these sites. Variations in patterns of mass, N, and C consumption were related to differences in amounts, types, size distributions, and moisture contents of fuels. RP VOSE, JM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763, USA. NR 35 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2255 EP 2262 DI 10.1139/x93-279 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MQ182 UT WOS:A1993MQ18200034 ER PT J AU KNOEPP, JD SWANK, WT AF KNOEPP, JD SWANK, WT TI SITE PREPARATION BURNING TO IMPROVE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN PINE HARDWOOD STANDS - NITROGEN RESPONSES IN SOIL, SOIL-WATER, AND STREAMS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY, AUBURN, AL SP AUBURN UNIV, INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG HO AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY ID PONDEROSA PINE; MINERALIZATION; FOREST; FIRE; AVAILABILITY; NUTRIENTS AB Three paired watersheds treated with a fell and burn prescription were studied to determine the effects on soil, soil water, and stream water. Soil nitrification and mineralization were measured by in situ closed-core incubation. Soil water was collected with porous cup lysimeters placed at 30 and 60 cm depths, and water samples were collected from streams draining control and burned areas on one of the three sites. All data were collected for 6 months prior to and 12 months after treatment. Soil ammonium (NH4+) content increased significantly in all three sites after burning, but the magnitude differed greatly among sites. However, there was no change in soil nitrate (NO3-) content. In situ measurements of net mineralization showed increased rates with increasing burn severity. Net nitrification displayed no treatment response. Slight and nonsignificant increases in soil water NO3- concentration occurred after burning in two of the three sites. Stream water NO3- concentrations increased in the one stream sampled. Thus, while prescribed burning increased available soil N, there was little change in N transformation rates or movement of dissolved inorganic N off site during the first year after burning. RP KNOEPP, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763, USA. NR 32 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2263 EP 2270 DI 10.1139/x93-280 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MQ182 UT WOS:A1993MQ18200035 ER PT J AU CLINTON, BD VOSE, JM SWANK, WT AF CLINTON, BD VOSE, JM SWANK, WT TI SITE PREPARATION BURNING TO IMPROVE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN PINE HARDWOODS - VEGETATION COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY OF 13-YEAR-OLD STANDS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY, AUBURN, AL SP AUBURN UNIV, INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG HO AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY AB Stand restoration of low-quality, mixed pine-hardwood ecosystems containing a Kalmia latifolia L. dominated understory, through cutting, burning, and planting of Pinus strobus L., is common on xeric southern Appalachian forest sites. We examined the effects of this treatment on early vegetation composition and diversity. Four 13-year-old stands were examined. Two of the four stands were mechanically released at age 6. Density and basal area were estimated for understory and overstory components, and density and percent cover for the herb component. Species diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) was estimated and comparisons were made between layers, sites, and treatments (release vs. nonrelease). Diversity estimates were 3.19, 1.74, and 2.45 for the herb, shrub, and overstory layers, respectively, across all sites and treatments. For perspective, comparisons were made with an untreated reference stand that was typical of stands receiving site preparation burning in the southern Appalachians. Overstory and herb diversity estimates were significantly lower for the reference stand than for the 13-year-old stands. RP CLINTON, BD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763, USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2271 EP 2277 DI 10.1139/x93-281 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MQ182 UT WOS:A1993MQ18200036 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, KJ VOSE, JM AF ELLIOTT, KJ VOSE, JM TI SITE PREPARATION BURNING TO IMPROVE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN PINE HARDWOOD STANDS - PHOTOSYNTHESIS, WATER RELATIONS, AND GROWTH OF PLANTED PINUS, STROBUS DURING ESTABLISHMENT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Forest Vegetation Management CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1992 CL AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY, AUBURN, AL SP AUBURN UNIV, INT UNION FORESTRY RES ORG HO AUBURN UNIV, SCH FORESTRY ID PLANTATION ESTABLISHMENT; RADIATA PINE; NITROGEN; RESPONSES; SEEDLINGS; SPRUCE; STRESS; ROOT; RED AB We examined the physiological performance and.growth of Pinus strobus L. seedlings the first growing season after planting on two clear-cut and burned sites in the southern Appalachians. Growth of the seedlings was related to physiological measurements (net photosynthesis (P(N)), transpiration, leaf conductance, and xylem water potential), soil water, foliar N, seedling temperature, and light environment using regression analysis. Diameter growth increased with increasing foliar N concentration and decreased as competitor biomass increased. Competition reduced growth by lowering foliar N, shading seedlings, and possibly reducing photosynthetic capacity. Increased temperature and lower available soil water may obscure these relationships on a harsh site. RP ELLIOTT, KJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SE FOREST EXPT STN,COWEETA HYDROL LAB,OTTO,NC 28763, USA. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2278 EP 2285 DI 10.1139/x93-282 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MQ182 UT WOS:A1993MQ18200037 ER PT J AU HESPELL, RB KATO, K COSTERTON, JW AF HESPELL, RB KATO, K COSTERTON, JW TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CELL-WALL OF BUTYRIVIBRIO SPECIES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS; BUTYRIVIBRIO-CROSSATUS; CELL WALL; PEPTIDOGLYCAN; RUMINAL BACTERIA ID FIBRISOLVENS; BACTERIUM; STRAINS; ACID; ULTRASTRUCTURE; PEPTIDOGLYCAN; RELATEDNESS; EUBACTERIUM AB Most Butyrivibrio strains have been isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of animals and have been classified as Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. A few strains isolated from human feces are designated as Butyrivibrio crossatus, the other species in this genus. Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strains are anaerobic, curved rods that produce butyrate, but numerous studies have shown that these strains display considerable variations in phenotypic properties and heterogeneity in DNA relatedness. Although over 60 strains have been characterized in these respects, the cell wall structure of only a few strains has been studied. In this study, cell wall related properties of 12 strains representative of five DNA relatedness groups were examined. All strains were very sensitive to penicillin and other antibiotics that interfere with cell wall synthesis. Although an occasional resistant strain was found, most strains were sensitive to a variety of protein synthesis antibiotics that included aminoglycosides and tetracycline. In contrast, all strains were highly resistant to nalidixic acid. Peptidoglycans were isolated from seven B. fibrisolvens strains and Lachnospira multiparus. Compositional analyses indicated molar ratios of 0.7:2:2:1:0.8 for muramic acid, glucosamine, alanine, glutamic acid, and diaminopimelic acid, respectively, in all peptidoglycans, which also showed a low degree of cross-linking. A trichloroacetic acid extractable galactosamine-containing polysaccharide copurified with the Butyrivibrio peptidoglycans. Electron microscopy of thin sections showed all strains to possess a Gram-positive type of cell wall that was atypically thin (12-18 nm). Most strains also displayed external (surface) polysaccharide layers. Cytoplasmic inclusions and granules were evident in many strains and were composed of polysaccharides, on the basis of cell composition analyses. The findings that Butyrivibrio strains have overall similarities in cell wall properties, but differences in DNA relatedness, suggest that these organisms should be classified as several more species in the same genus or family. C1 OKAYAMA UNIV,SCH DENT,DEPT ORAL MICROBIOL,OKAYAMA 700,JAPAN. UNIV CALGARY,DEPT BIOL SCI,CALGARY T2N 1N4,ALBERTA,CANADA. RP HESPELL, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 39 IS 10 BP 912 EP 921 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA MG051 UT WOS:A1993MG05100002 PM 8261331 ER PT J AU READ, JJ ASAY, KH JOHNSON, DA AF READ, JJ ASAY, KH JOHNSON, DA TI DIVERGENT SELECTION FOR CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION IN CRESTED WHEATGRASS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AGROPYRON-DESERTORUM; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; PARENT-PROGENY CORRELATIONS; DROUGHT; CARBON ISOTOPE RATIO; GRASS BREEDING; FORAGE YIELD ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; COOL-SEASON GRASSES; GAS-EXCHANGE; LEAVES; COWPEA; GENOTYPES; PLANT AB Because plant growth on semiarid rangelands is frequently water-limited, breeding for enhanced water-use efficiency (WUE, kg dry matter gained per kg water transpired) should improve forage production on these areas. In crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Schultes] , variation for carbon isotope discrimination (DELTA) has been negatively associated with WUE, suggesting that selection for lowered DELTA would increase WUE. To determine the potential of altering DELTA through breeding, we selected nine clones from a crested wheatgrass breeding population based on their DELTA values, equally subdivided them into three groups (low, medium, and high DELTA), and made a series of diallel crosses within each group. The parental clones and single-cross progenies were established in the field as replicated spaced plants on 1-m centers in spring 1989. Forage dry matter yield and DELTA were determined in 1990 and 1991; leaf gas exchange traits were determined for low and high DELTA classes in 1990, and for low, medium, and high DELTA classes in 1991. The previous ranking of DELTA classes was confirmed in the present studies. Combined across years, values for DELTA, leaf CO2 exchange rate (CER), and stomatal conductance (g(s)) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the low than high DELTA class. When data were combined across clones and progenies, DELTA was negatively correlated with leaf intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUE(i), expressed as the CER/g(s) ratio) in 1990 (r = -0.87**, df = 14) and in 1991 (r = -0.83**, df = 23). Forage yield and DELTA were not correlated, suggesting that the two traits may be under separate genetic control. Progenies from crosses among the low-DELTA clones had significantly lower DELTA values than progenies from either the medium-DELTA or high-DELTA clones during each year and when the data were combined across years. Divergent selection for low DELTA also was reflected by improved WUE(i) in the subsequent generation. Moreover, narrow-sense heritability values for DELTA were in excess of 0. 75 and correlations between progeny means for DELTA and means of the corresponding midparents were significant in each of the three analyses (r = 0.87** in 1990, 0.91** in 1991, and 0.92** in the combined analysis). These results complement earlier findings and confirm that genetic improvement for WUE can be effectively achieved in crested wheatgrass through indirect selection for DELTA. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,AGR RES SERV,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP READ, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,RANGELAND RESOURCES RES UNIT,CROPS RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1027 EP 1035 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA ML917 UT WOS:A1993ML91700013 ER PT J AU SPARROW, SD COCHRAN, VL SPARROW, EB AF SPARROW, SD COCHRAN, VL SPARROW, EB TI HERBAGE YIELD AND NITROGEN ACCUMULATION BY 7 LEGUME CROPS ON ACID AND NEUTRAL SOILS IN A SUB-ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FORAGE LEGUME CROPS; ALASKA; LIMING; N-FIXATION ID VICIA-FABA L; GREEN MANURE; FIXATION; N-15; PEA; NODULATION; GROWTH; GRAIN AB Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), yellow sweetclover (Medicago officinalis L.), fababean (Vicia faba L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) were evaluated as annual crops in central Alaska on neutral and acid soils for their potential herbage productivity and N accumulation. Herbage dry matter yields were high on the neutral soil, with an overall average yield of 6927 kg ha-1. Yields were much lower at the cooler, acid soil site with an overall average yield of 3743 kg ha-1 for inoculated legumes. Herbage N concentrations ranged from 14 to 36 mg g-1. Amounts of N-fixation, as estimated by the total N difference method, ranged from <50 kg ha-1 for some legumes on the acid soil to >200 kg ha-1 for fababean on the neutral soil. Inoculation resulted in increases in nodulation, growth and apparent N-fixation on the acid soil where legumes had not previously been grown, but were usually not significant on the neutral soil where legumes had been grown for many years. Liming the acid soil resulted in significant increases in soil pH and in nodulation, herbage yield, and herbage N yield. C1 USDA ARS,SUBARCTIC AGR RES UNIT,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP SPARROW, SD (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,AGR & FORESTRY EXPT STN,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701, USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1037 EP 1045 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA ML917 UT WOS:A1993ML91700014 ER PT J AU TREMMEL, DC PATTERSON, DT AF TREMMEL, DC PATTERSON, DT TI RESPONSES OF SOYBEAN AND 5 WEEDS TO CO2 ENRICHMENT UNDER 2 TEMPERATURE REGIMES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CO2 BY TEMPERATURE INTERACTION; SOYBEAN; JOHNSONGRASS; QUACKGRASS; REDROOT PIGWEED; SICKLEPOD; VELVETLEAF ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ELEVATED CO2; AIR-TEMPERATURE; C-4 GRASS; GROWTH; COMPETITION; ANNUALS; YIELD; NITROGEN AB Rising atmospheric CO2 levels could affect plant growth both directly, through effects on physiology, and indirectly, through the effects of possible CO2-induced temperature increases. In this study we examined the interacting effects of CO2 enrichment and temperature on the growth and allocation of soybean and five weeds. individual plants of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Braxton'] , johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. quackgrass [Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski] , redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.). and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) were grown in growth chambers in all combinations of two temperatures (avg. day/night of 26/19-degrees-C and 30/23-degrees-C) and two CO2 concentrations (350 and 700 ppm) for 35 d. Leaf area and plant biomass were greater at higher temperatures, regardless of CO2 level, in all species except quackgrass. Quackgrass (C3) produced its greatest leaf area and biomass at elevated CO2, whereas johnsongrass (C4) showed little response. Redroot pigweed (C4) and the C3 dicotyledenous species (soybean, sicklepod, velvetleaf) produced their greatest biomass at high CO2, though effects on leaf area were less consistent or absent. In general, when significant CO2 by temperature interactions were found, CO2 responses were smallest at higher temperatures. These differential responses to elevated CO2 concentrations may cause changes in the relative importance of competitive pressure from these weeds. C1 DUKE UNIV,USDA ARS,DURHAM,NC 27708. RP TREMMEL, DC (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,DEPT BOT,PHYTOTRON BLDG,BOX 90340,DURHAM,NC 27708, USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 28 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 73 IS 4 BP 1249 EP 1260 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA ML917 UT WOS:A1993ML91700043 ER PT J AU WOTTON, RS WIPFLI, MS WATSON, L MERRITT, RW AF WOTTON, RS WIPFLI, MS WATSON, L MERRITT, RW TI FEEDING VARIABILITY AMONG INDIVIDUAL AQUATIC PREDATORS IN EXPERIMENTAL CHANNELS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID DINOCRAS-CEPHALOTES PLECOPTERA; PREY SELECTION; INVERTEBRATE PREDATION; STONEFLIES; GROWTH; SIZE; MECHANISMS; BEHAVIOR; MAYFLIES AB Experiments were conducted in experimental channels to study feeding variability through time and between conspecific individuals of four species of lotic predators. Large and small Rhyacophila dorsalis (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) were given black fly larvae, mainly Simulium ornatum (Diptera: Simuliidae) of two size classes during laboratory feeding trials lasting up to 5 days. Acroneuria lycorias (Plecoptera: Perlidae) were also given black fly larvae (Prosimulium fuscum, S. venustum) during 11-day laboratory feeding trials. Paragnetina media (Perlidae) and Isoperla signata (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), were supplied with a mixed prey assemblage of black fly larvae and mayfly nymphs, Baetis flavistriga (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae), and Epeorus vitrea (Heptageniidae), for 9 days in field experiments. There was significant variability in the consumption of prey among individuals of R. dorsalis, this being true for both large and small predators. Significant among-predator and day-to-day feeding variability also occured with A. lycorias, P. media, and I. signata. Our experiments showed that there are significant differences in prey consumption among individual predators within a given species, and these differences need to be considered when planning, and interpreting, future studies on predator - prey interactions, particularly those conducted in experimental streams. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. UCL, DEPT BIOL, LONDON WC1E 6BT, ENGLAND. US FOREST SERV, FORESTRY SCI LAB, JUNEAU, AK 99801 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 71 IS 10 BP 2033 EP 2037 DI 10.1139/z93-287 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA MJ080 UT WOS:A1993MJ08000013 ER PT J AU ZAYAS, IY AF ZAYAS, IY TI DIGITAL IMAGE TEXTURE ANALYSIS FOR BREAD CRUMB GRAIN EVALUATION SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article AB Baking and milling companies and scientific laboratories evaluate crumb grain as a bread quality parameter. A digital imaging technique was used to evaluate bread crumb grain, and the potential of image texture analysis for crumb grain assessment was evaluated. Images of slices of two commercial bread brands were digitized and stored in 512 X 512 pixel format. Eighteen image texture features were extracted. Multivariate discriminant analysis using patterns of the image texture features differentiated two bread brands (BRRA and BRDI). One hundred percent of BRRA and 97.5% of BRDI subimages (128 X 128) from the middle area of a slice were correctly recognized. Technological factors and location of subimages on a slice affected the value of image texture features as crumb grain varied across a slice. Variations in the crumb grain within a slice were studied, and a ranking scale was developed for evaluating the degree of coarseness of crumb grain in boundaries of 64 X 64 pixel subimages. The developed scale has the potential to be Used for quality control in a breadmaking operation. A whole slice was scored by the ranking scale, which was developed by determining the percentage of fine or coarse subimages present in a slice. Bread slices with coarse texture of crumb grain were distinguished from slices with more smooth crumb grain. The ranking of the slices by these variables coincided with visual judgment. The scale developed is flexible and can be easily adapted to meet various users' requirements. RP ZAYAS, IY (reprint author), USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 10 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD OCT PY 1993 VL 38 IS 10 BP 760 EP & PG 0 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MF027 UT WOS:A1993MF02700006 ER PT J AU WELTY, FK LICHTENSTEIN, AH ORDOVAS, JM BARRETT, PHR AF WELTY, FK LICHTENSTEIN, AH ORDOVAS, JM BARRETT, PHR TI DECREASED SECRETION OF APOLIPOPROTEIN-B-48, APOLIPOPROTEIN-B67 AND APOLIPOPROTEIN-B100 IS THE PRIMARY CAUSE OF HYPOBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA IN APOLIPOPROTEIN-B-67-APOLIPOPROTEIN-B-100 HETEROZYGOTES SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA ARS,HNRCA,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1993 VL 88 IS 4 BP 75 EP 75 PN 2 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA MA682 UT WOS:A1993MA68200432 ER PT J AU MCNAMARA, JR SMALL, DM SCHAEFER, EJ AF MCNAMARA, JR SMALL, DM SCHAEFER, EJ TI DIFFERENCES IN LDL SUBSPECIES INVOLVE CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES IN APO-B SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02215. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1993 VL 88 IS 4 BP 133 EP 133 PN 2 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA MA682 UT WOS:A1993MA68200744 ER PT J AU LI, ZL MCNAMARA, JR FRUCHART, JC ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ AF LI, ZL MCNAMARA, JR FRUCHART, JC ORDOVAS, JM SCHAEFER, EJ TI EFFECTS OF GENDER AND MENOPAUSE ON LIPOPROTEIN SUBSPECIES SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. INST PASTEUR,LILLE,FRANCE. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1993 VL 88 IS 4 BP 221 EP 221 PN 2 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA MA682 UT WOS:A1993MA68201224 ER PT J AU HANNAH, JS YAMANE, K BERLIN, E HOWARD, BV AF HANNAH, JS YAMANE, K BERLIN, E HOWARD, BV TI CELLULAR FATTY-ACIDS MODULATE LDL BINDING SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. MEDLANTIC RES INST,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1993 VL 88 IS 4 BP 317 EP 317 PN 2 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA MA682 UT WOS:A1993MA68201734 ER PT J AU CUCHEL, M JONES, PJ NAMCHUK, GL LICHTENSTEIN, AH AF CUCHEL, M JONES, PJ NAMCHUK, GL LICHTENSTEIN, AH TI EFFECT OF A DIET ENRICHED IN TRANS-FATTY-ACIDS ON ENDOGENOUS CHOLESTEROL-SYNTHESIS SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DIV HUMAN NUTR,VANCOUVER V6T 1W5,BC,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1993 VL 88 IS 4 BP 318 EP 318 PN 2 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA MA682 UT WOS:A1993MA68201741 ER PT J AU JONES, PJ NAMCHUK, GL LICHTENSTEIN, AH AF JONES, PJ NAMCHUK, GL LICHTENSTEIN, AH TI RECIPROCAL EFFECTS ON PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AND SYNTHESIS OF CORN-OIL VERSUS BEEF TALLOW, WITH AND WITHOUT CHOLESTEROL SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DIV HUMAN NUTR,VANCOUVER V6T 1W5,BC,CANADA. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1993 VL 88 IS 4 BP 318 EP 318 PN 2 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA MA682 UT WOS:A1993MA68201740 ER PT J AU LOPEZMIRANDA, J ORDOVAS, JM ESPINO, A MARIN, C SALAS, J LOPEZSEGURA, F JIMENEZPEREPEREZ, J PEREZJIMENEZ, F AF LOPEZMIRANDA, J ORDOVAS, JM ESPINO, A MARIN, C SALAS, J LOPEZSEGURA, F JIMENEZPEREPEREZ, J PEREZJIMENEZ, F TI THE G/A MUTATION AT THE APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I GENE PROMOTER PREDICTS PLASMA LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL RESPONSE TO AN NCEP-I DIET SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HOSP UNIV REINA SOFIA,CORDOBA,SPAIN. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1993 VL 88 IS 4 BP 318 EP 318 PN 2 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA MA682 UT WOS:A1993MA68201739 ER PT J AU LICHTENSTEIN, AH AUSMAN, LM JENNER, J CARRASCO, W SCHAEFER, EJ AF LICHTENSTEIN, AH AUSMAN, LM JENNER, J CARRASCO, W SCHAEFER, EJ TI EFFECT OF LOW AND VERY-LOW FAT DIETS ON PLASMA-LIPID AND LIPOPROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS IN MODERATELY HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC SUBJECTS DURING WEIGHT MAINTENANCE AND WEIGHT-LOSS SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1993 VL 88 IS 4 BP 455 EP 455 PN 2 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA MA682 UT WOS:A1993MA68202485 ER PT J AU BROUSSEAU, ME ORDOVAS, JM NICOLOSI, RJ SCHAEFER, EJ AF BROUSSEAU, ME ORDOVAS, JM NICOLOSI, RJ SCHAEFER, EJ TI A DIET ENRICHED IN MONOUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS LOWERS PLASMA LIPOPROTEIN(A)[LP(A)] CONCENTRATIONS BY A DIFFERENT MECHANISM THAN DOES A DIET ENRICHED IN POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HNRCA,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,LOWELL,MA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1993 VL 88 IS 4 BP 456 EP 456 PN 2 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA MA682 UT WOS:A1993MA68202491 ER PT J AU BAKER, BB HANSON, JD BOURDON, RM ECKERT, JB AF BAKER, BB HANSON, JD BOURDON, RM ECKERT, JB TI THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATE-CHANGE ON ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES AND CATTLE PRODUCTION ON US RANGELANDS SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID MODEL; AGRICULTURE; SIMULATION; INCREASE; CO2 AB In spite of the uncertainties of potential climate change, a scientific consensus is emerging that increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2 could alter global temperatures and precipitation patterns. Changes in global climate as predicted by General Circulation Models (GCM) could therefore, have profound implications for global agriculture. The objective of this study was to assess the impacts of potential climate change on livestock and grassland production in the major producing regions of the United States. Simulation sites were selected for the study on the basis of the region's economic dependence on rangeland livestock production. Five thirty-year simulations were conducted on each site using the Simulation of Production and Utilization of Rangelands model and Colorado Beef Cattle Production Model. Climate change files were obtained by combining historic weather data from each site with predicted output from three GCM's. Results from nominal runs were compared with the three climate change scenarios and a doubled CO2 run. The magnitude and direction of ecosystem response to climate change Varied among the GCM's and by geographic region. Simulations demonstrated that changes in temperature and precipitation patterns caused an increase in above-ground net primary production for most sites. Increased decomposition rates were recorded for northern regions. Similarly, animal production in northern regions increased, implying an increase in economic survivability. However, because decreases in animal production indicators were recorded for the southern regions, economic survivability in southern regions is less certain. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP BAKER, BB (reprint author), USDA ARS,GREAT PLAINS SYST RES,301 S HOWES,POB E,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. RI Baker, Barry/C-4884-2009 NR 60 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD OCT PY 1993 VL 25 IS 2 BP 97 EP 117 DI 10.1007/BF01661200 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MK683 UT WOS:A1993MK68300002 ER PT J AU MCLAREN, GD LUKASKI, HC JOHNSON, PE SMITH, MH AF MCLAREN, GD LUKASKI, HC JOHNSON, PE SMITH, MH TI ENHANCEMENT OF INTESTINAL IRON-ABSORPTION BY DIETARY BEEF TALLOW AND THE EFFECT ON MUCOSAL IRON KINETICS IN BEAGLES SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VET ADM MED CTR,FARGO,ND 58102. UNIV N DAKOTA,GRAND FORKS,ND 58201. USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,FARGO,ND 58105. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 41 IS 3 BP A688 EP A688 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA LY017 UT WOS:A1993LY01700517 ER PT J AU TIPS, A SCHOOFS, L PAEMEN, L MA, M BLACKBURN, M RAINA, A DELOOF, A AF TIPS, A SCHOOFS, L PAEMEN, L MA, M BLACKBURN, M RAINA, A DELOOF, A TI COLOCALIZATION OF LOCUSTAMYOTROPIN-LIKE AND PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN THE CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM OF 5 INSECT SPECIES SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VERTEBRATE TACHYKININ FAMILY; REDDISH COLORATION HORMONE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; BOMBYX-MORI; SUBESOPHAGEAL GANGLION; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; TERMINAL SEQUENCE; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; PEPTIDE FAMILY; MOTH AB 1. Myotropin I of Locusta and Pheromone Biosynthesis Activating Neuropeptide (PBAN) of Heliothis share the same carboxyterminal pentapeptide FSPRL-amide. 2. Immunostaining revealed colocalization in cells and axons in the central nervous system, especially in the suboesophageal ganglion, of Locusta, Periplaneta, Leucophaea, Neobellieria (Sarcophaga) and Mamestra. 3. Following preabsorption with synthetic FSPRL-amide, the PBAN antiserum continued to immunostain cells in Mamestra and Neobellieria only. The preabsorbed Lom-MT I antibody did not yield any positive reaction. 4. Our results indicate that the functional epitope FXPRL-amide is widespread among insect orders. Its distribution in the nervous system seems to be rather similar in all investigated species. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP TIPS, A (reprint author), CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN,INST ZOOL,NAAMSESTR 59,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. NR 43 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0300-9629 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Physiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 106 IS 2 BP 195 EP 207 DI 10.1016/0300-9629(93)90501-T PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA MB020 UT WOS:A1993MB02000005 ER PT J AU WHITE, ME LEAMAN, DW RAMSAY, TG KAMPMAN, KA ERNST, CW OSBORNE, JM AF WHITE, ME LEAMAN, DW RAMSAY, TG KAMPMAN, KA ERNST, CW OSBORNE, JM TI INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH-FACTOR BINDING-PROTEIN (IGFBP) SERUM LEVELS AND HEPATIC IGFBP-2 AND IGFBP-3 MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION IN DIABETIC AND INSULIN-TREATED SWINE (SUS-SCROFA) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-I; MOLECULAR-CLONING; PORCINE SERUM; TISSUE; RAT; IDENTIFICATION; INVITRO AB 1. Diabetes had no significant effect on IGFBP-3 message and serum levels however, subsequent insulin treatment caused more than a two-fold increase in both hepatic IGFBP-3 mRNA and serum levels above controls (P < 0.05). 2. The induction of diabetes in pigs significantly increased the steady state levels of IGFBP-2 mRNA in the liver of young swine (P < 0.05). 3. Both liver message and serum IGFBP-2 were reduced to control levels with insulin therapy. 4. We report here that in addition to its affects on IGFBP-2, insulin is involved in the regulation of IGFBP-3 expression. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP WHITE, ME (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT ANIM SCI,137 PETERS HALL,1404 GORTNER AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 106 IS 2 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(93)90311-R PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA LW236 UT WOS:A1993LW23600019 PM 7694822 ER PT J AU HOWARD, RW LIANG, Y AF HOWARD, RW LIANG, Y TI CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS OF WINGED AND WINGLESS MORPHS OF THE ECTOPARASITOID CHOETOSPILA-ELEGANS WESTWOOD (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) AND ITS HOST, LARVAL LESSER GRAIN BORER (RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA) (COLEOPTERA, BOSTRICHIDAE) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB 1. The cuticular hydrocarbons from winged and wingless morphs of Choelospila elegans, a larval ectoparasite of several internal-feeding stored product beetle pests, were characterized. 2. All four morphs share the same cuticular hydrocarbons, with the major components being n-alkanes (C21-C33). 3. The minor components are 3-, 11- and 13-methyl branched alkanes and Z-10-monoenes. 4. Two-way analysis of variance (sex and wing morph) shows that males and females have the same profiles, whereas four components showed significant differences between wingtype morphs. 5. Only one of these four hydrocarbons (n-C31) was a major component. 6. The cuticular hydrocarbons of larvae of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica, were also characterized. 7. Although the beetles' major components were the same n-alkanes as those found on the adult parasites, their minor components were different. 8. Thus, the beetle larvae have no alkenes, but instead have 3-, 11-, 13- and 15-methylbranched alkanes, as well as a series of 11,15-dimethylalkanes. 9. A cuticular hydrocarbon profile obtained on a population of C. elegans winged females that had been reared on rice weevil larvae was nearly identical to that from winged females reared on the lesser grain borer larvae. C1 MINIST COMMERCE,CHENGDU GRAIN STORAGE RES INST,CHENGDU,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP HOWARD, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAIN MARKETING RES LAB,1515 COLL AVE,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 106 IS 2 BP 407 EP 414 DI 10.1016/0305-0491(93)90321-U PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA LW236 UT WOS:A1993LW23600029 ER PT J AU FEDORKACRAY, PJ HOFFMAN, L CRAY, WC GRAY, JT BREISCH, SA ANDERSON, GA AF FEDORKACRAY, PJ HOFFMAN, L CRAY, WC GRAY, JT BREISCH, SA ANDERSON, GA TI ACTINOBACILLUS (HAEMOPHILUS) PLEUROPNEUMONIAE .1. HISTORY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, SEROTYPING, AND TREATMENT SO COMPENDIUM ON CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR THE PRACTICING VETERINARIAN LA English DT Article AB Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of swine pleuropneumonia, a severe and often fatal disease of swine. The organism is found worldwide, and 12 serotypes are known to exist. Serotypes 1, 5, and 7 are found most often in the United States. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae requires nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide for growth and is routinely isolated on blood agar plates containing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in some form. Lung damage may be extensive in any stage. Asymptomatic carriers present the biggest problem for disease control. Serotype specificity is mediated by capsule components found on the cell surface of the bacterium. RP FEDORKACRAY, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU VETERINARY LEARNING SYSTEMS PI TRENTON PA 425 PHILLIPS BLVD #100, TRENTON, NJ 08618 SN 0193-1903 J9 COMP CONT EDUC PRACT JI Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 15 IS 10 BP 1447 EP & PG 0 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MC693 UT WOS:A1993MC69300011 ER PT J AU SCANLAN, CM PURDY, CW FOSTER, GS AF SCANLAN, CM PURDY, CW FOSTER, GS TI COMBINED ENZYME AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILES OF CAPRINE PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA SEROVAR-2 RESPIRATORY-TRACT ISOLATES SO CORNELL VETERINARIAN LA English DT Article DE CAPRINE; PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA ID GOATS AB The present investigation describes a novel method of demonstrating strain diversity among Pasteurella haemolytica biovar A, serovar 2 (PhA2) nasal turbinate isolates from a flock of 32 experimental goats during a naturally occurring outbreak of pasteurellosis. After a 21 day conditioning period in a feedyard, 51 PhA2 isolates from 27 culture-positive goats were identified including 1 on day 22, 14 on day 25, 21 on day 39, and 15 on day 66. Each PhA2 isolate was evaluated for its enzyme activity against 19 substrates with a commercial semiquantitative enzyme system and for its antimicrobial susceptibility with 12 drugs, resulting in 7 different enzyme profiles and 8 different antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. A total of 14 combined enzyme and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were produced. The same PhA2 strain was isolated from only 4 of the 12 goats with 2 PhA2 isolations, while the same PhA2 strain was isolated from only 1 of the 6 goats with 3 PhA2 isolations. The data from this investigation demonstrated that the PhA2 upper respiratory tract flora from goats is highly heterologous. C1 USDA ARS,CONSERVAT & PROD RES LAB,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. RP SCANLAN, CM (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,TEXAS VET MED CTR,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLL STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CORNELL VETERINARIAN INC PI ITHACA PA CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY 14853 SN 0010-8901 J9 CORNELL VET PD OCT PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 303 EP 309 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MF972 UT WOS:A1993MF97200006 PM 8306653 ER PT J AU HOHN, TM MCCORMICK, SP DESJARDINS, AE AF HOHN, TM MCCORMICK, SP DESJARDINS, AE TI EVIDENCE FOR A GENE-CLUSTER INVOLVING TRICHOTHECENE-PATHWAY BIOSYNTHETIC GENES IN FUSARIUM-SPOROTRICHIOIDES SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE FUSARIUM-SPOROTRICHIOIDES; TRICHOTHECENES; TRICHODIENE SYNTHASE ID GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS; PENICILLIUM-CHRYSOGENUM; TRICHODIENE SYNTHASE; SYNTHETASE; EXPRESSION; ACREMONIUM; DISRUPTION; MYCOTOXINS; PCBAB AB Two overlapping cosmid clones (Cos1-1 and Cos9-1) carrying the Tox5 gene were isolated from a library of F. sporotrichioides strain NRRL 3299 genomic DNA. These cosmids were used to transform three T-2 toxin-deficient mutants that are blocked at different steps in the trichothecene pathway. Both cosmids restored T-2 toxin production to Tox3-1- or Tox4-1- mutants but neither restored T-2 toxin production to a Tox1-2- mutant. The production of T-2 toxin by the complemented Tox3-1- and Tox4-1- mutants, as well as the production of diacetoxyscirpenol by the cosmid-transformed Tox1-2- mutant, were 2- to 10- fold higher than in strain NRRL 3299. In addition, those transformants carrying Cos9-1 produced significantly higher levels of trichothecenes than transformants carrying Cos1-1. Two different DNA fragments (FSC13-9 and FSC14-5), representing the region of overlap between the cosmid clones, were isolated. These fragments specifically complemented either the Tox3-1- mutant (FSC14-5) or the Tox4-1- mutant (FSC13-9). The trichothecene-production phenotype of these transformants was similar to NRRL 3299. These results suggest that two or more genes involved in the biosynthesis of trichothecenes are closely linked to Tox5. RP HOHN, TM (reprint author), NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,USDA ARS,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 25 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 24 IS 4 BP 291 EP 295 DI 10.1007/BF00336778 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA LZ279 UT WOS:A1993LZ27900002 PM 8252637 ER PT J AU BURGESSCASSLER, A AF BURGESSCASSLER, A TI SOME OBSERVATIONS ON CYCLODEXTRIN-MEDIATED BOOSTING OF SECRETED AMYLOLYTIC ENZYMES BY LACTOBACILLUS-AMYLOVORUS SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR ALPHA-AMYLASE; CIRCULANS F2 AMYLASE; BACILLUS SP; PURIFICATION; GLUCOAMYLASE; CYCLOMALTODEXTRINASE; HYDROLYSIS; PROTEINS; YEASTS AB The amounts of a 160-kDa amylase and a 140-kDa alpha-amylase (A. Burgess-Cassler and S.H. Imam, Curr. Microbiol. 23:207-213, 1991) secreted into culture medium by the starch-utilizing Lactobacillus amylovorus were enhanced by the use of cyclodextrin (CD) as the carbon source. The levels of total extracellular alpha-amylase obtained with glucose as the carbon source could be boosted severalfold by use of CD. The best enhancer was beta-CD, and the rank order of best to least effective was beta-CD > alpha-CD = gamma-CD > glucose. Another amylase, a 65-kDa alpha-amylase, which degraded para-nitrophenyl-alpha(1,4)-D-glucopyranoside, was also detected in this study. The most effective enhancer in this case was alpha-CD, and the rank order was alpha-C-D > beta-CD > gamma-CD much greater than glucose. Despite its ability to degrade p-nitrophenylated glucose, this enzyme did not convert maltose to glucose. It showed a cleared zone on starch zymograms and did degrade short maltodextrins to maltose. Neither this new alpha-amylase nor the 140-kDa alpha-amylase exhibited any detectable ring-decyclizing (cyclodextrinase) activity against alpha- or beta-CD. Other extracellular amylases (not characterized here) appeared to be similarly enhanced by CDs. Although the precise mechanism by which this effect is accomplished remains undefined, CDs can be useful inducing agents, boosting the expression and/or secretion of otherwise low-level enzymes, either as additives to growth media or as sole carbon source. RP BURGESSCASSLER, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 27 IS 4 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1007/BF01692876 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LW421 UT WOS:A1993LW42100003 ER PT J AU CHANG, WJ BARB, CR KRAELING, RR RAMPACEK, GB ASANOVICH, KM AF CHANG, WJ BARB, CR KRAELING, RR RAMPACEK, GB ASANOVICH, KM TI N-METHYL-D,L-ASPARTATE MODULATION OF PITUITARY-HORMONE SECRETION IN THE PIG - ROLE OF OPIOID-PEPTIDES SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; N-METHYL-D; STIMULATES GROWTH-HORMONE; MALE RHESUS-MONKEY; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ASPARTIC ACID; LH-SECRETION; PROLACTIN SECRETION; NMDA RECEPTORS; ESTROUS-CYCLE AB Sixteen ovariectomized (OVX) mature gilts, averaging 139.6 +/- 3.1 kg body weight (BW) were assigned randomly to receive either progesterone (P, 0.85 mg/kg BW, n=8) or com oil vehicle (OIL, n=8) injections im twice daily for 10 d. On the day of experiment, all gilts received either the EAA agonist, N-methyl-d,l-aspartate (NMA; 10 mg/kg BW, iv) alone or NMA plus the EOP antagonist, naloxone (NAL, 1 mg/kg BW, iv), resulting in the following groups of 4 gilts each: OIL-NMA, OIL-NMA-NAL, P-NMA and P-NMA-NAL. Blood samples were collected via jugular cannula every 15 min for 6 hr. All pigs received NMA 5 min following pretreatment with either 0.9% saline or NAL 2 hr after blood collection began and a GnRH challenge 3 hr after NMA. Administration of NMA suppressed (P<0.03) LH secretion in OIL-NMA gilts and treatment with NAL failed to reverse the suppressive effect of NMA on LH secretion in OIL-NMA-NAL gilts. Similar to OIL-NMA gilts, NMA decreased (P<0.03) mean serum LH concentrations in P-NMA gilts. However, in P-NMA-NAL gilts, serum LH concentrations were not changed following treatment. All gilts responded to GnRH with increased (P<0.01) LH secretion. Additionally, administration of NMA increased (P<0.01) growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion in both OIL-NMA and P-NMA gilts, but this increase in GH and PRL secretion was attenuated (P<0.01) by pretreatment with NAL in OIL-NMA-NAL and P-NMA-NAL gilts. Serum cortisol concentrations increased (P<0.01) in all gilts and the magnitude of the cortisol response was not different among groups. In summary, results of the present study confirmed previous findings that NMA suppresses LH secretion in both oil- and P-treated OVX gilts, but we failed to provide definitive evidence that EOP are involved in the NMA-induced suppression of LH secretion. However, NMA may, in part, activate the EOP system which in turn increased GH and PRL secretion in the gilt. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ANIM PHYSIOL UNIT,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 10 IS 4 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1016/0739-7240(93)90034-9 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MG053 UT WOS:A1993MG05300004 PM 8306634 ER PT J AU BRYANT, JP REICHARDT, PB CLAUSEN, TP WERNER, RA AF BRYANT, JP REICHARDT, PB CLAUSEN, TP WERNER, RA TI EFFECTS OF MINERAL-NUTRITION ON DELAYED INDUCIBLE RESISTANCE IN ALASKA PAPER BIRCH SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALASKA; BIRCH; CARBON NUTRIENT BALANCE; DEFOLIATION; DELAYED INDUCIBLE RESISTANCE; INDUCED CHEMICAL DEFENSE; PHENOLS; TANNIN ID CARBON NUTRIENT BALANCE; MOUNTAIN BIRCH; RED ALDER; PLANTS; DEFOLIATION; RESPONSES; DEFENSES; FOLIAGE; INSECT; POPULATIONS AB In subarctic forests, birch (Betula) trees respond to severe (50-100%) manual defoliation by delayed inducible resistance (DIR). This plant response to defoliation is characterized by a decline in the nutritional quality of leaves for immature insects for several years after defoliation events, and concomitant changes in leaf chemistry that may be detrimental to insect nutrition, that is, a decline in leaf nitrogen and an increase in leaf phenols. Two explanations of delayed inducible resistance have been proposed. (1) The active defense response hypothesis claims that delayed inducible resistance is an active response to defoliation per se rather than merely a passive consequence of recovery from the stress of severe defoliation. (2) In contrast, the carbon-nutrient balance (CNB) hypothesis claims that delayed inducible resistance is caused by nutritional stress resulting from severe defoliation. We used two experiments to test these hypotheses. (1) In a three-way factorial field experiment we reared spear-marked black moth (Rheumaptera hastata) larvae on Alaska paper birch (B. resinifera) saplings that had experienced combinations of 100% manual defoliation and fertilization with N and P in previous years, and measured larval survival and pupal mass. In association with these measurements of larval performance, we assayed leaf condensed tannin levels and the concentrations of N and P in leaves, and correlated the results of these assays with larval performance. (2) In a laboratory experiment we tested the biological activity of condensed tannin and linalool, the major secondary metabolites of Alaska paper birch leaves, by treating leaves collected from previously undefoliated Alaska paper birch saplings with combinations of condensed tannin and linalool, and measuring the performance of spear-marked black moth larvae reared on these leaves. Our results supported predictions of the carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis. We found that fertilization with nitrogen, the nutrient limiting growth of Alaska paper birch in our study site, mitigated delayed inducible resistance, and that condensed tannin is likely to be the major chemical cause of delayed inducible resistance in Alaska paper birch. In our field experiment we also found that fertilization of Alaska paper birch with phosphorus, a nutrient that does not limit the growth of Alaska paper birch in our study site, affected levels of condensed tannin in leaves and the sapling's defoliation history influenced this effect. Thus, future studies of the effects of mineral nutrition on secondary metabolite production by woody plants and their responses to herbivory should consider nutrients that do not limit growth in addition to those that do limit growth. C1 UNIV ALASKA,DEPT CHEM,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. US FOREST SERV,INST NO FORESTRY,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775. RP BRYANT, JP (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,INST ARCTIC BIOL,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 51 TC 79 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 19 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD OCT PY 1993 VL 74 IS 7 BP 2072 EP 2084 DI 10.2307/1940853 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LY549 UT WOS:A1993LY54900019 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, DE AF WILLIAMS, DE TI LYCIANTHES MOZINIANA (SOLANACEAE) - AN UNDERUTILIZED MEXICAN FOOD PLANT WITH NEW CROP POTENTIAL SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE TLANOCHTLI; NONOCHTO; LYCIANTHES MOZINIANA; MEXICO; AGRESTICS ID EVOLUTION AB Lycianthes moziniana is an agrestic (weedy) perennial encouraged by traditional farmers for its edible, sweet-tasting fruits. This species is endemic to the Mexican highland plateau and Oaxaca where the ethnotaxonomic and ethnohistoric data reflect a long-standing relationship with human populations. Today, the fruits of this plant are used for domestic consumption, small-scale commercialization, and ceremonial purposes. To ensure the production of fruits, traditional farmers afford the plants a special management which has evolutionary repercussions. Recently modern agricultural practices have placed this species in danger of extinction. Preliminary chemical analyses and yield data suggest that L. moziniana is particularly well-suited for development as a ''new'' crop for Mexico. RP WILLIAMS, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 47 IS 4 BP 387 EP 400 DI 10.1007/BF02907353 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MR479 UT WOS:A1993MR47900004 ER PT J AU HUANG, SW AF HUANG, SW TI STRUCTURAL-CHANGE IN TAIWAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY SO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND CULTURAL CHANGE LA English DT Article RP HUANG, SW (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0013-0079 J9 ECON DEV CULT CHANGE JI Econ. Dev. Cult. Change PD OCT PY 1993 VL 42 IS 1 BP 43 EP 65 DI 10.1086/452064 PG 23 WC Area Studies; Economics; Planning & Development SC Area Studies; Business & Economics; Public Administration GA MD162 UT WOS:A1993MD16200002 ER PT J AU LEMLY, AD AF LEMLY, AD TI TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF SELENIUM IN NATURAL-POPULATIONS OF FRESH-WATER FISH SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; AQUATIC BIRDS; LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; NORTH-CAROLINA; BELEWS LAKE; ACCUMULATION; BLUEGILLS; REPRODUCTION; CALIFORNIA; RESERVOIR RP LEMLY, AD (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FISHERIES & WILDLIFE SCI,US FOREST SERV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 58 TC 108 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 26 IS 2 BP 181 EP 204 DI 10.1006/eesa.1993.1049 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA MC520 UT WOS:A1993MC52000006 PM 7504614 ER PT J AU CHETTY, KN WALKER, J BROWN, K IVIE, GW AF CHETTY, KN WALKER, J BROWN, K IVIE, GW TI INFLUENCE OF DIETARY CALCIUM ON CHLORDECONE-INDUCED BIOCHEMICAL-CHANGES IN SERUM OF RAT SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID WORKERS C1 USDA ARS,FOOD & ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77840. RP CHETTY, KN (reprint author), GRAMBLING STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,GRAMBLING,LA 71245, USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [2-S-14-GM 04531] NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 26 IS 2 BP 248 EP 252 DI 10.1006/eesa.1993.1053 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA MC520 UT WOS:A1993MC52000010 PM 7504618 ER PT J AU DOWD, PF AF DOWD, PF TI TOXICITY OF THE FUNGAL METABOLITE GRISEOFULVIN TO HELICOVERPA-ZEA AND SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE MYCOTOXIN; ANTIFUNGAL; CORN EARWORM; FALL ARMYWORM; PHOTOTOXIN; PORPHYRIN ID SECONDARY METABOLITES AB Griseofulvin is a fungal metabolite that can be considered a mycotoxin but is used pharmaceutically to treat topical fungal infections. It was found to be toxic to both the com earworm. Helicoverpa zea Boddie, and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), at 250 ppm in diets. Its toxicity was enhanced by exposure to ultraviolet light, suggesting it can be photoactivated. Its toxicity was also enhanced by coincorporated delta-amino levulinic acid, suggesting it interferes with porphyrin synthesis in these insects. Differences in toxicity and rates of metabolism caused by coincorporated piperonyl butoxide suggested unspecific monooxygenases were relatively more important in griseofulvin activation in H. zea and detoxification in S. frugiperda. RP DOWD, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 69 IS 1 BP 5 EP 11 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC245 UT WOS:A1993MC24500002 ER PT J AU EPSKY, ND HEATH, RR AF EPSKY, ND HEATH, RR TI FOOD AVAILABILITY AND PHEROMONE PRODUCTION BY MALES OF ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; PHEROMONES; FOOD AVAILABILITY ID CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY; FLIES DIPTERA; ATTRACTION; VOLATILES; BLEND; FIELD AB Pheromone production was quantified for males of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), with access to protein, sugar, and water (fully fed), sugar and water (sugar only), or water (water only) overnight. Water-only males produced little pheromone the next day, and production was significantly less than pheromone production by sugar-only and fully fed males during peak periods. Food access significantly affected pheromone component blend. Late in the photophase, percentage epianastrephin was highest and percentage suspensolide was lowest in water-only males. Fully fed males exhibited a sharp increase in pheromone production late in photophase, whereas sugar-only males exhibited a fairly broad peak in production that started earlier in photophase. Pheromone production was less dependent on availability of food, however, if males had adequate access to food earlier in photophase. Female response to pheromone in a flight tunnel was directly related to amount of pheromone produced. C1 USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 22 IS 5 BP 942 EP 947 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MD414 UT WOS:A1993MD41400007 ER PT J AU DUNN, JP LORIO, PL AF DUNN, JP LORIO, PL TI MODIFIED WATER REGIMES AFFECT PHOTOSYNTHESIS, XYLEM WATER POTENTIAL, CAMBIAL GROWTH, AND RESISTANCE OF JUVENILE PINUS-TAEDA L TO DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DENDROCTONUS-FRONTALIS; DROUGHT; PLANT DEFENSE ID ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENT; ALASKA PAPER BIRCH; BEAN BEETLE LARVAE; INSECT RESPONSES; LOBLOLLY-PINE; SOYBEAN PLANTS; DEFICITS; STRESS; PREFERENCE; DEFENSE AB We modified soil water supply to two groups of juvenile loblolly pines, Pinus taeda L., by sheltering or irrigating root systems in early summer or in late summer and measured oleoresin flow (primary defense), net photosynthesis, xylem water potential, and cambial growth throughout the growing season. When consistent significant differences in oleoresin flow and water potentials were detected between treatments, we induced attack by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. Compared with irrigated trees, sheltered trees had lower xylem water potentials, reduced cambial growth, reduced photosynthesis, and reduced resin flow. In terms of response to beetle attack, sheltered trees had fewer attacks and less total gallery constructed, but those beetles that did attack sheltered trees were more successful (50-100% more eggs per attacking pair). However, the success of attacking beetles was generally very low, even in sheltered trees (only three to eight eggs per attacking pair). This performance, along with water deficits that strongly affected tree physiology, growth, and development, indicates that juvenile loblolly pine can make internal adjustments that limit the success of southern pine beetle attack. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. NR 36 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 21 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 22 IS 5 BP 948 EP 957 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MD414 UT WOS:A1993MD41400008 ER PT J AU DOWDY, AK HOWARD, RW SEITZ, LM MCGAUGHEY, WH AF DOWDY, AK HOWARD, RW SEITZ, LM MCGAUGHEY, WH TI RESPONSE OF RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA (COLEOPTERA, BOSTRICHIDAE) TO ITS AGGREGATION PHEROMONE AND WHEAT VOLATILES SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA; WHEAT GRAIN VOLATILES; INSECT PHEROMONES ID LESSER GRAIN BORER; SITOPHILUS-ZEAMAIS COLEOPTERA; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; INSECTS AB The attraction of adult Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) to its aggregation pheromone and to volatiles of infested wheat was examined in relation to age, sex, and female mating status. Male and female beetles did not differ in their response to pheromone or wheat volatiles regardless of insect tge. Virgin and mated females did not differ in their response to the pheromone or wheat volatiles. R. dominica was more responsive to wheat that was infested than to clean wheat, and the response was proportional to the density of insects in the wheat. This suggests a strong attraction to the insect pheromone in infested grain. The implications of these findings for the attraction and migration of R. dominica to stored wheat are discussed. RP DOWDY, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502, USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 22 IS 5 BP 965 EP 970 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MD414 UT WOS:A1993MD41400010 ER PT J AU BARNARD, DR GEDEN, CJ AF BARNARD, DR GEDEN, CJ TI INFLUENCE OF LARVAL DENSITY AND TEMPERATURE IN POULTRY MANURE ON DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOUSE-FLY (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MUSCA-DOMESTICA; TEMPERATURE; DENSITY ID MODEL AB Median development rates of larvae (LDR) and pupae (PDR) of wild house fly, Musca domestica L., were measured by rearing larvae in poultry manure at 12.4. 17.3, 23.1, 32.0, and 38.9-degrees-C at densities of 1, 2.5, and 5 larvae per g of manure, and by rearing pupae at 13.7, 17.1, 23.0, 31.8, and 37.0-degrees-C. Manure temperature, larval density, and their interaction significantly influenced median LDR (range, 0.0477-0.1667). Larval survival was affected by density and manure temperature. Median PDR (range, 0.0417-0.2916) and survival in pupae was a response to air temperature but not the level of crowding preceding pupation. Predicted development rates correlated with observed rates for each larval density (R2 = 0.964, 0.958, and 0.979 for 1, 2.5, and 5 larvae per g manure, respectively) and for pupae (R2 = 0.999). However, these rates differed by 3-16% among larval densities within temperature which corresponded to variations in development time of 0.5-3.8 d. The relationship between cumulative numbers of larval-pupal transitions and the physiological age of flies was influenced at the 5th and 25th percentiles of the population by larval density and at the 75th and 95th percentiles by larval density and manure temperature. The relationship for pupal-adult transitions was influenced only by air temperature. RP BARNARD, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 22 IS 5 BP 971 EP 977 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MD414 UT WOS:A1993MD41400011 ER PT J AU MESSINA, FJ JONES, TA NIELSON, DC AF MESSINA, FJ JONES, TA NIELSON, DC TI SEASONAL-VARIATION IN PERFORMANCE OF THE RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) ON ALTERNATE HOSTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIURAPHIS; APHIDIDAE; GRASS PHENOLOGY ID GRASS; IDENTIFICATION AB We conducted a series of field experiments to assess whether cool-season grasses were important in maintaining populations of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), between the summer harvest and fall sowing of winter cereals. All six grass species in a common garden in northern Utah supported aphid population growth from May to September 1991, although aphid densities were unusually low on mature foliage in july. Under conditions of little or no plant competition, each grass species produced at least a few fall tillers before mature shoots had senesced completely and hence provided a continuous source of food for aphids. Indian ricegrass was a consistently good host and bluebunch wheatgrass was a consistently poor one, but the relative suitabilities of the six hosts varied considerably over the season. Neither plant water content nor total nitrogen was correlated with differences in aphid performance among hosts. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to compare estimates of plant quality under field and greenhouse conditions. Differences in aphid performance among hosts in the greenhouse resembled those observed in the field early in the season, but not during the critical ''oversummering'' period. C1 USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. RP MESSINA, FJ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1022 EP 1030 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MD414 UT WOS:A1993MD41400017 ER PT J AU STREETT, DA WOODS, SA ONSAGER, JA AF STREETT, DA WOODS, SA ONSAGER, JA TI VERTICAL TRANSMISSION OF A NOSEMA SP (MICROSPORIDA, NOSEMATIDAE) INFECTING A GRASSHOPPER, CHORTHIPPUS-CURTIPENNIS (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MICROSPORIDIA; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; EPIZOOTIOLOGY AB Vertical transmission studies of a Nosema sp. infecting a grasshopper, Chorthippus curtipennis (Harris), were conducted in the laboratory. Mated pairs of field-collected grasshoppers were allowed to oviposit, and the adults and progeny were subsequently examined for infection. Infection status of the parents had no effect on fecundity. A preliminary analysis of observed differences in percentage hatch was also not significant, but further analysis suggested that there were differences between mated pairs. The analysis suggested that some of the differences in hatch rate were caused by infection of the female when mated pairs were subsequently classified as having a high or low hatch rate. Vertical transmission was maternally mediated, with >70% of the progeny infected at 5 d after hatch. RP STREETT, DA (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, RANGELAND INSECT LAB, BOZEMAN, MT 59717 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1031 EP 1034 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MD414 UT WOS:A1993MD41400018 ER PT J AU PARAJULEE, MN PHILLIPS, TW AF PARAJULEE, MN PHILLIPS, TW TI EFFECTS OF PREY SPECIES ON DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION OF THE PREDATOR LYCTOCORIS-CAMPESTRIS (HETEROPTERA, ANTHOCORIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE STORED-PRODUCT; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; LYCTOCORIS-CAMPESTRIS ID HEMIPTERA; DEMOGRAPHY; REUTER AB The effects of selected prey species on life history characteristics of Lyctocoris campestris (F.), a predator of stored-product insects, were examined in the laboratory at 30 +/- 1-degrees-C, 70 +/- 5% RH, and 16:8 (L:D) h. Newly emerged nymphs (n = 40) were reared singly on each of eight prey species and followed through all life stages until the predator died. Prey consisted of final instars of test species that were killed by freezing. Life table statistics were used to compare the predator's potential dynamics on different prey regimes. Developmental period of nymphs was the longest (27.8 d) on Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), a nonstored-product pest, followed by Trogoderma variabile Ballion (25.7 d), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (25.3 d), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (24.8 d), Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (24.3 d), Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) (22.6 d), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (21.8 d), and the shortest on Cadra cautella (Walker) (21.6 d), all stored-product pests. The proportion of nymphs surviving to adulthood was also affected by prey species. Prey species significantly affected the preoviposition period of the adult females. The preoviposition period was shortest on P. interpunctella (9.0 d), and longest on T. variabile (16.9 d). Oviposition period did not differ among the eight prey species tested. Total fecundity was higher on C. cautella, P. interpunctella, and T. variabile than on L. serricorne, T. castaneum, R. dominica, and O. surinamensis; and lowest on T. ni. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.753) between oviposition period and fecundity across all species. Oviposition rate (number of eggs per female/d) was highest on P. interpunctella (4.3), and lowest on T. ni (1.99), giving finite rates of increase (lambda) of 1.0757 and 1.0379, respectively. Life table statistics showed that P interpunctella, T. castaneum, C. cautella, and L. serricorne were the most suitable prey for L. campestris, followed by T. variabile, O. surinamensis, and R. dominica, with T. ni least suitable. RP PARAJULEE, MN (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ENTOMOL,USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES LAB,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1035 EP 1042 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MD414 UT WOS:A1993MD41400019 ER PT J AU NARANJO, SE AF NARANJO, SE TI LIFE-HISTORY OF TRICHOGRAMMATOIDEA BACTRAE (HYMENOPTERA, TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE), AN EGG PARASITOID OF PINK-BOLLWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, GELECHIIDAE), WITH EMPHASIS ON PERFORMANCE AT HIGH-TEMPERATURES SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PECTINOPHORA-GOSSYPIELLA; TRICHOGRAMMATOIDEA-BACTRAE; LIFE HISTORY ID PRETIOSUM; BIOLOGY AB Selected life history characteristics of Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja, a newly imported egg parasitoid of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), were studied at constant and fluctuating temperatures, with emphasis on high temperatures typical of desert cotton production areas in Arizona and southern California. Developmental times from egg to adult ranged from 11 to just over 7 d at mean temperatures of 22.5 and 29.5-degrees-C, respectively Development was delayed under fluctuating temperatures with maximums greater-than-or-equal-to 33.5-degrees-C. Survivorship was >90% under all but a fluctuating 25/40-degrees-C regime. Similar results were found for Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, an established species in the southwestern United States. Mean female longevity of T. bactrae adults ranged from 138 h at a constant 15-degrees-C to 1.5 h at 40-degrees-C. Mean fecundity peaked at 25-degrees-C (55 progeny per female), but modest fecundity (14-23 progeny per female) was maintained at temperatures from 30-35-degrees-C. The majority of eggs oviposited by newly emerged adults within the first 24 h of exposure to hosts were laid in the first 3 h and >90% were laid within 12 b. The 24-b rate of oviposition was a nonlinear function of female age and temperature that was maximal for 10-h-old females at almost-equal-to 25-degrees-C. The time of day that females of equal age were initially exposed to hosts did not significantly affect 24-h oviposition rates. T. bactrae appears well adapted to high temperatures; this environmental factor should not significantly hinder the efficacy of this biological control agent in the field. RP NARANJO, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1051 EP 1059 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MD414 UT WOS:A1993MD41400021 ER PT J AU HOHN, ME LIEBHOLD, AM GRIBKO, LS AF HOHN, ME LIEBHOLD, AM GRIBKO, LS TI GEOSTATISTICAL MODEL FOR FORECASTING SPATIAL DYNAMICS OF DEFOLIATION CAUSED BY THE GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; KRIGING; VARIOGRAM ID POPULATIONS AB Outbreaks of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), typically occur over large areas but are difficult to predict. Previously developed models forecast defoliation from preseason counts of egg masses in a given stand. In this Study, we take a different approach to defoliation prediction: forecasts are based upon the statistical autocorrelation of defoliation through space and time. Spatial and temporal autocorrelation of defoliation in historical data was quantified at a variety of scales using variograms. We used a 30-yr time series of aerial sketch maps of gypsy moth defoliation in Massachusetts to calculate these variograms. The variograms were then used to parameterize a geostatistical estimation technique: three-dimensional simple kriging. Kriged estimates are weighed averages of values from nearby locations and are typically used to interpolate two-dimensional data. In this study, we used kriging to extrapolate future defoliation maps into a third dimension, time. Kriged estimates were expressed as probabilities of detectable defoliation. Predicted probabilities were estimated for each year of the time series and were compared with actual defoliation maps for that year. The kriging procedure usually performed well in predicting the spatial distribution of outbreaks in a given year, but the magnitude of regionwide outbreaks generally lagged a year behind actual values. Though this approach is not currently suitable for operational use, it represents a novel approach to landscape-level forecasting of insect outbreaks. These models may ultimately outperform current forecasting systems. C1 US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. RP HOHN, ME (reprint author), W VIRGINIA GEOL & ECON SURVEY,POB 879,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 28 TC 36 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1066 EP 1075 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MD414 UT WOS:A1993MD41400023 ER PT J AU CARPENTER, JE GROSS, HR AF CARPENTER, JE GROSS, HR TI SUPPRESSION OF FERAL HELICOVERPA-ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) POPULATIONS FOLLOWING THE INFUSION OF INHERITED STERILITY FROM RELEASED SUBSTERILE MALES SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA-ZEA; INHERITED STERILITY; SUBSTERILE MALES ID CORN-EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; RADIATION; MOTH AB A pilot test was conducted in small mountain valleys from 1986 through 1990 in western North Carolina to assess the influence of released, substerilized males on wild populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and to measure the level of inherited sterility in wild populations. The number of wild males captured per ha was positively correlated with the distance from the release site of irradiated males. Analyses of seasonal population curves of wild H. zea males calculated from mark-recapture data suggest that seasonal increases of wild H. zea males were significantly delayed or reduced (or both) in mountain valleys where irradiated males were released. The incidence of larvae with chromosomal aberrations (progeny of irradiated, released males) collected from the test sites during the growing seasons indicated that irradiated males were competitive with wild males in mating with wild females, and were successful in producing F1 progeny which further reduced the wild population. RP CARPENTER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 21 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1084 EP 1091 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MD414 UT WOS:A1993MD41400025 ER PT J AU VAIL, PV HOFFMANN, DF STREETT, DA MANNING, JS TEBBETS, JS AF VAIL, PV HOFFMANN, DF STREETT, DA MANNING, JS TEBBETS, JS TI INFECTIVITY OF A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS ISOLATED FROM ANAGRAPHA-FALCIFERA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) AGAINST PRODUCTION AND POSTHARVEST PESTS AND HOMOLOGOUS CELL-LINES SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANAGRAPHA-FALCIFERA; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS; HOMOLOGOUS CELL LINES ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA; AMYELOIS-TRANSITELLA; CABBAGE LOOPER; OCCLUSION BODY; ESTABLISHMENT; PYRALIDAE; HELIOTHIS AB The nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AfMNPV) isolated from the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby), was tested against six species of production and postharvest lepidopteran pests and four insect cell lines. LC50s in PIB/mm2 were 23.9, 42.2, 47.3, and 510.4, respectively, for raisin moth, Cadra figulilella (Gregson), navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner). The almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker), and the tobacco moth, Ephestia elutella (Hubner), were not susceptible. Histological examination revealed that hypodermis, fat body, tracheal matrix, midgut epithelium, and Malpighian tubules in all four susceptible species were infected. The Trichoplusia ni cell line TN368 and the P. interpunctella cell line PID2 were permissive to AfMNPV as well as to a contaminant cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV). However, two navel orangeworm cell lines, AT10 and AT20, were permissive to the CPV only. Restriction endonuclease analysis showed that the NPV was unchanged after passage through all of these hosts. Probably of greatest significance is that AfMNPV is the first baculovirus reported to be infectious to the navel orangeworm, a major pest of almonds. RP VAIL, PV (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1140 EP 1145 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MD414 UT WOS:A1993MD41400034 ER PT J AU TILLMAN, PG CATE, JR AF TILLMAN, PG CATE, JR TI EFFECT OF HOST SIZE ON ADULT SIZE AND SEX-RATIO OF BRACON-MELLITOR (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BRACON-MELLITOR; ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS-GRANDIS; HOST SIZE AB The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the size of the host, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, on adult size, sex ratio, longevity, and fecundity of the ectoparasitoid Bracon mellitor Sav. Adult size of B. mellitor was directly related to host size; larger parasitoids developed on larger host larvae. Host size also affected sex ratio so that predominately male wasps were produced on small hosts. The male bias on smaller hosts was caused by differential oviposition of male and female eggs by adult females. Female longevity and fecundity were directly related to adult size; larger females lived longer and subsequently produced greater numbers of progeny than smaller females. C1 USDA,COOPERAT STATE RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP TILLMAN, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1161 EP 1165 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MD414 UT WOS:A1993MD41400037 ER PT J AU HAJEK, AE LARKIN, TS CARRUTHERS, RI SOPER, RS AF HAJEK, AE LARKIN, TS CARRUTHERS, RI SOPER, RS TI MODELING THE DYNAMICS OF ENTOMOPHAGA-MAIMAIGA (ZYGOMYCETES, ENTOMOPHTHORALES) EPIZOOTICS IN GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) POPULATIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENTOMOPHAGA-MAIMAIGA; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; EPIZOOTIOLOGY ID DISPAR L LEPIDOPTERA; TEMPORAL DYNAMICS; FUNGAL PATHOGEN; LARVAE; GERMINATION; TEMPERATURE; SPORULATION; SHIMAZU; HUMBER; HOSTS AB A virulent fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga Humber, Shimazu & Soper, was discovered in gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), populations across northeastern North America in 1989. It had never before been reported from North America, but many reports have documented the importance of this natural enemy in Japanese gypsy moth populations. We conducted experiments to estimate parameters for several components of the E. maimaiga/L. dispar system, and an object-oriented simulation model was used to evaluate the dynamics of this system. Studies conducted with a 1984 Japanese isolate of E. maimaiga formed the basis for this model. Successful infection by conidia required a median time of 8.69 h at 25-degrees-C. Data for period of lethal infection demonstrated that this pathogen cannot develop at <5-degrees-C or >30-degrees-C, and that mortality is high across all instars. Transmission experiments using caged saplings in the field were used to estimate a value for the proportion of conidia that successfully reach hosts and cause infection. Experiments with the model demonstrated results consistent with the existence of a host density threshold below which the rapid increase in secondary infection characteristic of epizootics does not occur. Primary infections throughout the field season were important in producing an adequate level of secondary inoculum for development of epizootics. Instar-specific larval behaviors were hypothesized as resulting in differential instar exposure to primary inoculum; inclusion of behavior-specific coefficients resulted in disease phenology more similar to observed patterns in the field. The model was also successfully tested using weather data from sites and dates when epizootics caused by E. maimaiga were known either to occur or not to occur. Variability in weather conditions across a larger geographic area caused heterogeneity in development of epizootics. C1 USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL NUTR LAB,PLANT PROTECT RES UNIT,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP HAJEK, AE (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,BOYCE THOMPSON INST PLANT RES,TOWER RD,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 56 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1172 EP 1187 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MD414 UT WOS:A1993MD41400039 ER PT J AU TOY, TJ OSTERKAMP, WR RENARD, KG AF TOY, TJ OSTERKAMP, WR RENARD, KG TI PREDICTION BY REGRESSION AND INTRARANGE DATA SCATTER IN SURFACE-PROCESS STUDIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MODELING; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; DATA SCATTER; SURFACE-PROCESS STUDIES ID PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; ERRORS AB Modeling is a major component of contemporary earth science, and regression analysis occupies a central position in the parameterization, calibration, and validation of geomorphic and hydrologic models. Although this methodology can be used in many ways, we are primarily concerned with the prediction of values for one variable from another variable. Examination of the literature reveals considerable inconsistency in the presentation of the results of regression analysis and the occurrence of patterns in the scatter of data points about the regression line. Both circumstances confound utilization and evaluation of the models. Statisticians are well aware of various problems associated with the use of regression analysis and offer improved practices; often, however, their guidelines are not followed. After a review of the aforementioned circumstances and until standard criteria for model evaluation become established, we recommend, as a minimum, inclusion of scatter diagrams, the standard error of the estimate, and sample size in reporting the results of regression analyses for most surface-process studies. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER FED CTR,LAKEWOOD,CO 80225. USDA ARS,ARIDLAND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,TUCSON,AZ 85719. RP TOY, TJ (reprint author), UNIV DENVER,DEPT GEOG,DENVER,CO 80208, USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0177-5146 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 22 IS 2 BP 121 EP 128 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA MG697 UT WOS:A1993MG69700004 ER PT J AU LEMLY, AD AF LEMLY, AD TI GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING SELENIUM DATA FROM AQUATIC MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT STUDIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Review AB It is now possible to formulate diagnostic selenium concentrations in four distinct ecosystem-level components; water, food-chain, predatory fish (consuming fish or invertebrate prey), and aquatic birds. Waterborne selenium concentrations of 2 mu g/1 or greater (parts per billion; total recoverable basis in 0.45 mu filtered samples) should be considered hazardous to the health and long-term survival of fish and wildlife populations due to the high potential for food-chain bioaccumulation, dietary toxicity, and reproductive effects. In some cases, ultra-trace amounts of dissolved and particulate organic selenium may lead to bioaccumulation and toxicity even when total waterborne concentrations are less than 1 mu g/1. Food-chain organisms such as zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, and certain forage fishes can accumulate up to 30 mu g/g dry weight selenium (some taxa up to 370 mu g/g) with no apparent effect on survival or reproduction. However, the dietary toxicity threshold for fish and wildlife is only 3 mu g/g; these food organisms would supply a toxic dose of selenium while being unaffected themselves. Because of this, food-chain organisms containing 3 mu g/g (parts per million) dry weight or more should be viewed as potentially lethal to fish and aquatic birds that consume them. Biological effects thresholds (dry weight) for the health and reproductive success of freshwater and anadromous fish are: whole body = 4 mu g/g; skeletal muscle = 8 mu g/g; liver = 12 mu g/g; ovaries and eggs = 10 mu g/g. Effects thresholds for aquatic birds are: liver = 10 mu g/g; eggs = 3 mu g/g. The most precise way to evaluate potential reproductive impacts to adult fish and aquatic bird populations is to measure selenium concentrations in gravid ovaries and eggs. This single measure integrates waterborne and dietary exposure, and allows an evaluation based on the most sensitive biological endpoint. Resource managers and aquatic biologists should obtain measurements of selenium concentrations present in water, food-chain organisms, and fish and wildlife tissues in order to formulate a comprehensive and conclusive assessment of the overall selenium status and health of aquatic ecosystems. RP LEMLY, AD (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,US FOREST SERV,COLDWATER FISHERIES RES UNIT,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 0 TC 160 Z9 162 U1 4 U2 19 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 28 IS 1 BP 83 EP 100 DI 10.1007/BF00547213 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MF480 UT WOS:A1993MF48000006 PM 24221061 ER PT J AU DORN, CR SILAPANUNTAKUL, R ANGRICK, EJ SHIPMAN, LD AF DORN, CR SILAPANUNTAKUL, R ANGRICK, EJ SHIPMAN, LD TI PLASMID ANALYSIS OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS ISOLATED FROM HUMAN GASTROENTERITIS CASES AND FROM EPIDEMIOLOGICALLY ASSOCIATED POULTRY FLOCKS SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID EGG TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; PHAGE TYPES; INFECTION; HENS AB Plasmid analysis of Salmonella enteritidis isolates from human gastroenteritis cases and from two commercial egg-producing poultry flocks was performed to determine if the poultry flocks were the source of the human infections. The plasmid profile and restriction fragment pattern (fingerprint) of five S. enteritidis isolates from human cases matched those of nine isolates from internal organs of egg-laying hens in one flock which was the source of eggs consumed by the cases. Another commercial flock was epidemiologically associated as the source of eggs consumed by affected persons in four separate gastroenteritis outbreaks from which S. enteritidis isolates were available. Five S. enteritidis isolates from human cases in these four outbreaks had the same profile and fingerprint, and they all matched those of the 24 isolates from hens in this flock. These results provide further documentation of egg-borne transmission of S. enteritidis to humans. C1 USDA,VET SERV,HARRISBURG,PA 17110. RP DORN, CR (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT VET PREVENT MED,1900 COFFEY RD,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 111 IS 2 BP 239 EP 243 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA MC681 UT WOS:A1993MC68100007 PM 8104815 ER PT J AU WALLS, I COOKE, PH BENEDICT, RC BUCHANAN, RL AF WALLS, I COOKE, PH BENEDICT, RC BUCHANAN, RL TI FACTORS AFFECTING ATTACHMENT OF SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM TO SAUSAGE CASINGS SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STAINLESS-STEEL; POULTRY SKIN; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SURFACES; ERYTHROCYTES; ADHESION; STRAINS; BINDING; MUSCLE; MEAT C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 10 IS 5 BP 387 EP 393 DI 10.1006/fmic.1993.1045 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA MB567 UT WOS:A1993MB56700004 ER PT J AU SAPERS, GM AF SAPERS, GM TI BROWNING OF FOODS - CONTROL BY SULFITES, ANTIOXIDANTS, AND OTHER MEANS SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFUR AMINO-ACIDS; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE ACTIVITY; ASCORBIC-ACID; SHRIMP MELANOSIS; MODEL SYSTEM; APPLE SLICES; INHIBITION; POTATOES; JUICE; FRUITS RP SAPERS, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,ERRC,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 97 TC 220 Z9 242 U1 1 U2 31 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 47 IS 10 BP 75 EP 84 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA MD244 UT WOS:A1993MD24400009 ER PT J AU SILEN, RR OLSON, DL WEBER, JC AF SILEN, RR OLSON, DL WEBER, JC TI GENETIC-VARIATION IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO WINDTHROW IN YOUNG DOUGLAS-FIR SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB The genetic component in susceptibility to windthrow was estimated among F2 full-sib families of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France) at an experimental forest site in western Oregon that was severely damaged by a storm on 7 January 1990. Progeny from half-diallel and factorial crosses had been planted in a randomized block design in two sets of three replications, one from seed sown in 1983 and another from seed sown in 1984. The proportion of trees within five-tree row family plots that were wind-thrown (PROP) and the proportion adjusted to remove the effect of mean plot height at 5 years (ADJPROP) were analyzed, the latter to test whether susceptibility to windthrow was primarily a function of wind resistance estimated from relative tree size. Trees in the 1983 set were 7 years old, averaging 2.1 m in height, and were produced from 87 crosses among 19 parent trees from four relatively low elevation seed sources in western Oregon and Washington. Trees in the 1984 set were 6 years old, averaging 1.6 m tall, and were produced from 51 crosses among 13 parent trees from one relatively high elevation seed source in western Oregon. Susceptibility or resistance to windthrow among parents was indicated by significant differences in proportion of windthrow in their progeny. In both sets, there was significant genetic variation in PROP and ADJPROP. The estimated total genetic component in the 1983 set, the sum of general combining ability (GCA) plus specific combining ability (SCA), accounted for 21.4% of the total variance in PROP and 18.6% of the total variance in ADJPROP (GCA percentage nearly equal to SCA percentage for both PROP and ADJPROP). In the 1984 set, GCA and SCA together accounted for 33.8% of the total variance in PROP (GCA percentage nearly equal to SCA percentage) and 22.6% of the total variance in ADJPROP. Results indicated that susceptibility to windthrow differed by family, and was significantly related to family height, but that height accounted for less than a third of the genetic component of variation. These data suggest that breeding for resistance to windthrow in Douglas-fir could be successful but would be expensive and probably reduce genetic gains in growth per generation. RP SILEN, RR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,3200 SW JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 61 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 28 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(93)90187-R PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MK503 UT WOS:A1993MK50300002 ER PT J AU CANNON, WN ROBERTS, BR BARGER, JH AF CANNON, WN ROBERTS, BR BARGER, JH TI GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSE OF WATER-STRESSED YELLOW-POPLAR SEEDLINGS EXPOSED TO CHRONIC OZONE FUMIGATION AND ETHYLENEDIUREA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE DEFICIT; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; AMBIENT OZONE; ACIDIC RAIN; PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EVOLUTION; DROUGHT; INJURY; SPRUCE AB One-year-old containerized seedlings of yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) were exposed to ethylenediurea (EDU), ozone (O-3) fumigation (0, 0.07, and 0.15 ppm), and drought (one or two 1-week drying cycles) from late April until early June 1990, at the Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Delaware, Ohio, USA, Measurements of net photosynthesis (P-n), dark respiration (Rd), stomatal conductance (G(s)), and transpiration (T-n) were made on seedlings from each treatment on 15 May and 31 May, Treatment effects on seedling growth were determined by measuring height increase, shoot and root biomass, and leaf area. Water stress significantly reduced P-n, G(s), and T-s (by more than 70%), whereas EDU and O-3 treatments had no appreciable effect on these parameters. There was no indication that ethylene evolution was influenced by any of the stress factors imposed in this study. There were no significant interactions between these stress factors and the physiological parameters measured. Growth measurements showed that height increase was reduced by 22% in water-stressed seedlings, whereas new shoot biomass, root biomass and leaf area declined by 10%, 20%, and 12%, respectively. New shoot biomass, root biomass, and leaf area were reduced by the EDU treatment. Root/shoot ratio was not significantly altered by the drought treatment employed. Overall, there were no significant effects of O-3 fumigation on growth. The interaction of water stress and O-3 fumigation at 0.07 ppm significantly reduced root biomass and the root/shoot ratio. The EDU and 0.15 ppm O-3 together reduced height growth more than either factor alone. C1 OHIO WESLEYAN UNIV,DEPT BOT & MICROBIOL,DELAWARE,OH 43015. RP CANNON, WN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 61 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 73 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(93)90190-X PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MK503 UT WOS:A1993MK50300005 ER PT J AU DEGRAAF, RM ANGELSTAM, P AF DEGRAAF, RM ANGELSTAM, P TI EFFECTS OF TIMBER SIZE-CLASS ON PREDATION OF ARTIFICIAL NESTS IN EXTENSIVE FOREST SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID EDGE; FRAGMENTATION; DEPREDATION; SUCCESS AB Depredation on artificial ground and cup nests in even-aged seedling/sapling, pole, and mature stands of continuous northern hardwood forest was studied in the White Mountain National Forest in New Hampshire, USA from May to June 1988. Track-board nests were used to identify predators of ground nests; plain ground nests and cup nests were used to investigate the effects of timber size-class on rates of predation. No elevation in nest predation rate was observed in the early stages of growth, nor was predation rate related to stand area. As elevated predation rates are usually taken to indicate the fragmentation of forest, the results of this study suggest that extensive hardwood-dominated forests in northern New England are not fragmented by even-aged management. C1 GRIMSO WILDLIFE RES STN,RIDDARHYTTAN,SWEDEN. RP DEGRAAF, RM (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 61 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(93)90194-R PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MK503 UT WOS:A1993MK50300009 ER PT J AU WEIGAND, JF HAYNES, RW TIEDEMANN, AR RIGGS, RA QUIGLEY, TM AF WEIGAND, JF HAYNES, RW TIEDEMANN, AR RIGGS, RA QUIGLEY, TM TI ECONOMIC-ASSESSMENT OF UNGULATE HERBIVORY IN COMMERCIAL FORESTS OF EASTERN OREGON AND WASHINGTON, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Four forest stands in eastern Washington and Oregon, USA, containing exclosures to prevent or impede ungulate herbivory, were modeled to forecast timber yields and soil expectation values (SEVs) at harvest. Contrasts of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) growth and yield inside and outside exclosures show that ungulate herbivory may either promote or depress tree volume growth. Projected income from stands with more intensive stocking management and with inclusion of regulated livestock herbivory was higher than that of less intensively managed stands without livestock for scenarios with projected rising stumpage price levels for 2040. Under an assumption of future stumpage prices held constant at 1990 levels, the reverse was true. Ungulate herbivory plus planted stock and prescribed fire in site preparation provided the highest stand value at two sites. Sites without prescribed fire fared better when fenced to prevent livestock or big game herbivory. The results illustrate that ungulate herbivory alone is not the determinant factor of the economic yield of stands, but ungulate herbivory can have substantial impact on site productivity when used in conjunction with prescribed fire, stocking control, and species selection. C1 USDA,PACIFIC NW RES STN,LA GRANDE,OR 97850. BLUE MT NAT RESOURCES INST,LA GRANDE,OR 97850. BOISE CASCADE CORP,LA GRANDE,OR 97850. RP WEIGAND, JF (reprint author), USDA,PACIFIC NW RES STN,POB 3890,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 61 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 155 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(93)90195-S PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MK503 UT WOS:A1993MK50300010 ER PT J AU SHEPPERD, WD SMITH, FW AF SHEPPERD, WD SMITH, FW TI THE ROLE OF NEAR-SURFACE LATERAL ROOTS IN THE LIFE-CYCLE OF ASPEN IN THE CENTRAL ROCKY-MOUNTAINS SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB Above- and below-ground development was studied in 47 aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones in the central Rocky Mountains of Colorado, Our objective was to determine if characteristics of roots larger than 4 mm and within 0.2 m of the surface could be related to the life cycle of vegetatively regenerating aspen. We found that root diameter increased and end-of-season nonstructural carbohydrate content decreased with average stem diameter. Root volumes were lowest and nonstructural carbohydrate contents highest in clones between 20 and 80 years of age. However, root volumes did not change for several years after vegetative coppice regeneration of clones. Initial root/shoot ratios declined rapidly as young suckers grew, but slowed abruptly 10-25 years after regeneration. Aspen lateral root systems appear to adjust to above-ground conditions in three phases over the life cycle of a clone: (1) establishment of new suckers; (2) efficient growth from youth to mid-age; (3) maintenance at older ages. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. RP SHEPPERD, WD (reprint author), ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,240 W PROSPECT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 33 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 61 IS 1-2 BP 157 EP 170 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(93)90196-T PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA MK503 UT WOS:A1993MK50300011 ER PT J AU LEBOW, ST MORRELL, JJ AF LEBOW, ST MORRELL, JJ TI PRESSURE TREATMENT OF SITKA SPRUCE LUMBER WITH AMMONIACAL COPPER-ZINC ARSENATE OR CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Air-seasoned Sitka spruce was treated with ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate (ACZA) or chromated copper arsenate (CCA) at 11 commercial plants. Preservative retention and penetration were greater with ACZA treatments. All but 2 of 14 charges treated with ACZA met the American Wood Preservers' Association specifications for treatment of lumber in ground contact. Despite incising, none of the CCA treatments reached the required depth of penetration, and only 3 of 15 CCA charges achieved the desired chemical loading. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST PROD,FOREST RES LAB 105,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP LEBOW, ST (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 43 IS 10 BP 41 EP 44 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MC196 UT WOS:A1993MC19600005 ER PT J AU WIEDENBECK, JK ARAMAN, PA AF WIEDENBECK, JK ARAMAN, PA TI POSSIBLE DEMANDS FOR EASTERN HARDWOODS RESULTING FROM HARVEST RESTRICTIONS IN THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-POPLAR AB Efforts to conserve the habitat of the northern spotted owl in the Pacific Northwest have placed softwood timber supplies under a great deal of pressure and driven up the price of softwood lumber. Hardwoods could meet some of the demand for products that have previously been manufactured from softwood species. Hardwood structural lumber may soon become an economically feasible alternative to softwood lumber. Oriented strandboard is likely to gain a greater share of the structural panel market. Opportunities also exist for treated hardwood lumber and treated hardwood shakes and shingles. Hardwoods might also be used to make increasing proportions of many secondary wood products such as moulding, millwork, and flooring. RP WIEDENBECK, JK (reprint author), VIRGINIA TECH,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,SE FOREST EXPT STN,USDA,FOREST SERV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 43 IS 10 BP 51 EP 57 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MC196 UT WOS:A1993MC19600007 ER PT J AU FORSLINE, PL WAY, RD AF FORSLINE, PL WAY, RD TI APPLE ACCESSIONS OF LOW PRIORITY TARGETED FOR REMOVAL FROM THE NATIONAL PLANT GERMPLASM SYSTEM SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP FORSLINE, PL (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,NAA,PLANT GENET RESOURCES UNIT,GENEVA,NY 14456, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 47 IS 4 BP 204 EP 214 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MG599 UT WOS:A1993MG59900005 ER PT J AU GOODWIN, JR HUMMER, KE AF GOODWIN, JR HUMMER, KE TI SEED-GERMINATION OF RIBES HYBRIDS SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Germination of the seed of two Ribes x nidigrolaria Bauer & Bauer cvs. Jostaberry and ORUS-6 varied with pregermination treatment and genotype. Cleaned seed and seed remaining in the berry were prechilled and germinated. Prechilled cleaned seeds gave the most complete and rapid germination. The median response time of seeds in this treatment was 12.3 days. About 42% of cleaned seed of both genotypes germinated after prechilling at 5-degrees-C for 12 weeks. Seeds from the decomposing berry treatments had significantly less germination (16% or lower) with or without a prechilling treatment. This study verifies that prechilling from four to twelve weeks improves germination of cleaned Ribes seed and suggests that sowing decomposing berries is not an efficient technique for laboratory germination. RP GOODWIN, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NCGR,33447 PEORIA RD,CORVALLIS,OR 97333, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 47 IS 4 BP 229 EP 233 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MG599 UT WOS:A1993MG59900009 ER PT J AU SENIOR, ML HEUN, M AF SENIOR, ML HEUN, M TI MAPPING MAIZE MICROSATELLITES AND POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION CONFIRMATION OF THE TARGETED REPEATS USING A CT PRIMER SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE MAIZE; MICROSATELLITES; SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; GENOME MAPPING ID HUMAN GENOME; GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; EUKARYOTIC GENOMES; DNA POLYMORPHISMS; SIMPLE SEQUENCES; GENE; EVOLUTION; MARKERS; MAP AB Microsatellites, also called simple sequence repeats (SSRs), have yielded an important class of DNA markers most notable for mapping mammalian genomes. To study the occurrence of microsatellites and their inheritance in maize, a search was made of 280 maize GenBank(R) sequences. Six SSRs were chosen and unique flanking primers were designed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Eight different maize inbreds were studied with these six primer pairs and a mean of 3.5 polymorphic patterns occurred within the expected size range. For five of these putative microsatellites, the segregation in a maize restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping population was analyzed. Four of the microsatellites cosegregated with the Adh1, Gpc1, Pdk1, and Tpi genes from which the primer sequences were derived. The fifth primer pair (MZEGPA1) showed segregating polymorphisms, but the products were larger than expected. To verify the existence of the original SSRs in the segregating PCR products, a CT primer, containing a CT SSR and an arbitrary leader sequence, was used to reamplify these products. The four microsatellites that cosegregated with the original gene were reamplified as anticipated, whereas a suspicious 230-bp product obtained when using the MZEGPA1 primers could not be reamplified. Based on these results it is concluded that microsatellites can be a valuable tool for maize mapping. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,MOLEC MARKER FACIL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP SENIOR, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 32 TC 204 Z9 233 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 5 BP 884 EP 889 DI 10.1139/g93-116 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA MC954 UT WOS:A1993MC95400012 PM 7903654 ER PT J AU JELLEN, EN ROONEY, WL PHILLIPS, RL RINES, HW AF JELLEN, EN ROONEY, WL PHILLIPS, RL RINES, HW TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HEXAPLOID OAT AVENA-BYZANTINA CV KANOTA MONOSOMIC SERIES USING C-BANDING AND RFLPS SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE OATS; C-BANDING; RFLPS; IMAGE ANALYSIS; ANEUPLOIDS ID NUCLEOLAR ACTIVITY; IDENTIFICATION; CHROMOSOMES; BARLEY; MAP AB The establishment of a C-banded karyotype of hexaploid oat (Avena spp., 2n = 6x = 42) has facilitated the cytological characterization of a monosomic series in 'Kanota', an A. byzantina (C. Koch) cultivar. The 'Kanota' series of monosomics analyzed in this study consists of only 12 of the 21 different chromosome-deficient lines possible plus potential translocated segments of two or three additional chromosomes. These findings were confirmed by RFLP mapping data from studies in which oat probes were assigned to syntenic groups using the 'Kanota' set of monosomic lines. Among the remaining nine monosomic lines analyzed, eight are missing chromosomes represented in the set of 12 unique lines and one line, monosomic K13, is missing a chromosome from the unique set of 12 that possesses a cytologically detectable translocation. This same translocation, involving chromosomes 7C and 14, is found in 5 of the 21 'Kanota' monosomics. The incompleteness of the set of 'Kanota' monosomics might be due to (i) difficulty in identifying individual oat chromosomes without C-banding, (ii) plant genotypic and phenotypic variability in the original source population of the 'Kanota' monosomics, and (or) (iii) a high frequency of monosomic shifts in progency of the original 'Kanota' monosomic lines. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 32 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 5 BP 962 EP 970 DI 10.1139/g93-126 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA MC954 UT WOS:A1993MC95400022 PM 18470040 ER PT J AU WINBERG, BC ZHOU, Z DALLAS, JF MCINTYRE, CL GUSTAFSON, JP AF WINBERG, BC ZHOU, Z DALLAS, JF MCINTYRE, CL GUSTAFSON, JP TI CHARACTERIZATION OF MINISATELLITE SEQUENCES FROM ORYZA-SATIVA SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE ORYZA-SATIVA; MINISATELLITE; HYPERVARIABLE; DNA FINGERPRINT ID DNA FINGERPRINTS; GENETIC-VARIATION; PLANT GENOMES; M13 PROBE; HYBRIDIZATION; POPULATIONS; ANGIOSPERMS; ROSACEAE; REGIONS; RUBUS AB Two DNA sequences were cloned from the genome of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) by cross-hybridization with the human minisatellite sequence 33.6. The rice sequences consisted of tandem direct repeats, which showed significant similarity to the 33.6 concensus sequence. Profiles capable of distinguishing different rice cultivars were detected by cross-hybridization with a DNA probe amplified by the polymerase chain reaction from one of the rice minisatellite sequences. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,USDA,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. UNIV MONTEPELLIER 2,GENOME & POPULAT LAB,CNRS,URA 1493,F-34095 MONTPELLIER,FRANCE. CSIRO,DIV TROP CROPS & PASTEURES,ST LUCIA,QLD 4067,AUSTRALIA. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP WINBERG, BC (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT AGRON,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. RI McIntyre, Cathrine/F-5782-2011 NR 29 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 5 BP 978 EP 983 DI 10.1139/g93-128 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA MC954 UT WOS:A1993MC95400024 PM 8270207 ER PT J AU KINDIGER, B AF KINDIGER, B TI ABERRANT MICROSPORE DEVELOPMENT IN HYBRIDS OF MAIZE X TRIPSACUM-DACTYLOIDES SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE MAIZE; TRIPSACUM; MICROSPORE; STERILITY ID HORDEUM-VULGARE; POLLEN GRAIN; INTROGRESSION; CYTOLOGY AB Cytogenetic investigations of meiosis in hybrids between maize and Tripsacum have been well documented; however, the inherent problem of male and female sterility has not been addressed either on a genetic or cytogenetic level. The purpose of this cytological study was to identify some of the probable causes of male sterility in maize x Tripsacum dactyloides hybrids. Disturbances in pollen development of maize x T. dactyloides hybrids, derived from both diploid (2n) and tetraploid (4n) Tripsacum sources, were commonly observed. Anomalies in the development of the microspore apparently occurred because of a failure of the chromosomes to congregate at the metaphase plate, development of a tripolar spindle, and failure of cytokinesis at the first and second meiotic divisions. Phenotypic features of abnormal microspore development were the maturation of large pollen grains, ''siamese'' pollen grains, the occurrence of variable invaginations, and a nuclear budding-type behavior. These abnormalities were not observed in the 56-chromosome amphidiploid or the 38-chromosome backcross generations. RP KINDIGER, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO PLAINS RANGE RES STN,2000 18TH ST,WOODWARD,OK 73801, USA. OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 76 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 5 BP 987 EP 997 DI 10.1139/g93-130 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA MC954 UT WOS:A1993MC95400026 PM 18470041 ER PT J AU BUTA, JG WANG, CY AF BUTA, JG WANG, CY TI EARLY DETECTION OF CHILLING INJURY WITH FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CUCURBITA-PEPO; STORAGE; TEMPERATURE PRECONDITIONING; ZUCCHINI SQUASH ID ZUCCHINI SQUASH AB Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy detected early large increases in fluid leakage from zucchini squash (Cucurbitapepo L.) subjected to a chilling temperature (5C). The increase in fluid leakage (principally water) was found after 1 day at 5C, while surface pitting was detected only after 3 days of storage at 5C. Prestorage temperature conditioning at 15C for 2 days greatly diminished the fluid leakage measured by FTIR spectroscopy after 1 day of storage at 5C. Measuring fluid leakage using FTIR spectroscopy seems to be a promising technique to detect the early onset of chilling injury. RP BUTA, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1993 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1043 EP 1044 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MJ963 UT WOS:A1993MJ96300025 ER PT J AU GALLETTA, GJ SMITH, BJ GUPTON, CL AF GALLETTA, GJ SMITH, BJ GUPTON, CL TI STRAWBERRY PARENT CLONES US-70, US-159, US-292, AND US-438 RESISTANT TO ANTHRACNOSE CROWN ROT SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Note DE FRAGARIA X ANANASSA; COLLETOTRICHUM-FRAGARIAE; COLLETOTRICHUM-ACUTATUM; FRUIT BREEDING; DISEASE SCREENING ID COLLETOTRICHUM-FRAGARIAE C1 SMALL FRUIT RES STN,POPLARVILLE,MS 39470. RP GALLETTA, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD OCT PY 1993 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1055 EP 1056 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA MJ963 UT WOS:A1993MJ96300031 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, LA WELCH, GR KEYVANFAR, K DORFMANN, A FUGGER, EF SCHULMAN, JD AF JOHNSON, LA WELCH, GR KEYVANFAR, K DORFMANN, A FUGGER, EF SCHULMAN, JD TI GENDER PRESELECTION IN HUMANS - FLOW CYTOMETRIC SEPARATION OF X-SPERMATOZOA AND Y-SPERMATOZOA FOR THE PREVENTION OF X-LINKED DISEASES SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE DNA; FLOW CYTOMETRY; SPERMATOZOA; X-CHROMOSOMES AND Y-CHROMOSOMES ID HUMAN SPERM NUCLEI; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; MAMMALIAN SPERMATOZOA; CHROMOSOME-BEARING; SEX PRESELECTION; DNA; OOCYTES; HAMSTER; RATIOS AB Human X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa were separated based on their DNA content, using modified flow cytometric cell sorting technology. The resulting separation purity of the X-bearing from Y-bearing spermatozoa was evaluated using in-situ hybridization with alpha satellite DNA probes for the X- and Y-chromosomes. In the putative X-enriched-sorted populations, an average of 82% of the spermatozoa showed a hybridization signal with the X probe. Similarly, in the Y-sorted population 75% gave a signal with the Y probe. Sorted X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa were found to maintain their viability for several hours after sorting. These results demonstrate that the human sperm sex ratio can be significantly shifted to favour the selection of female-producing (X) spermatozoa or male-producing (Y) spermatozoa when spermatozoa are flow cytometrically sorted on the basis of DNA content. We propose that flow cytometrically sorted human spermatozoa, used in conjunction with in-vitro fertilization or intra-oviductal insemination, could be used by families who are at risk for X-linked diseases to preferentially produce female offspring. Sorted spermatozoa could also be used to pre-select for male offspring if that were medically indicated. C1 GENET & IVF INST,FAIRFAX,VA 22031. RP JOHNSON, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 28 TC 112 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 8 IS 10 BP 1733 EP 1739 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA MA952 UT WOS:A1993MA95200041 PM 8300839 ER PT J AU RITCHIE, JC JACKSON, TJ GARBRECHT, JD GRISSINGER, EH MURPHEY, JB EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE DAVIS, MR WELTZ, MA AF RITCHIE, JC JACKSON, TJ GARBRECHT, JD GRISSINGER, EH MURPHEY, JB EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE DAVIS, MR WELTZ, MA TI STUDIES USING AN AIRBORNE LASER ALTIMETER TO MEASURE LANDSCAPE PROPERTIES SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article AB Vertical surface properties of the landscape were measured using a laser altimeter mounted in a small twin-engine aeroplane. The laser altimeter makes 4000 measurements per second with a vertical recording precision of 0.05 m for a single measurement. These airborne laser measurements were analysed to provide information on topography, vegetation canopy and stream and gully cross-sections. Laser altimeter data were used to measure small (less than 0.20 m deep) and large gullies and stream cross-sections. Vegetation canopy heights, cover, structure and distribution were determined in studies in Texas and Arizona. Laser measurements of vegetation cover and height were significantly correlated with ground measurements made with line-intercept methods. While conventional ground-based techniques may be used to make all these measurements, airborne laser altimeter techniques allow the data to be collected in a quick and efficient way over large and inaccessible areas. The airborne laser altimeter data can also help quantify various land surface parameters needed for natural resource and landscape management or required by hydrological simulation models. Measurements of landscape properties over large areas provide a better understanding of landscape functions and can lead to the development of better management plans to conserve and improve the productivity of natural resources. RP RITCHIE, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IAHS PRESS, INST HYDROLOGY PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O SARAH CAGE, WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND OX10 8BB SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 38 IS 5 BP 403 EP 416 DI 10.1080/026266693099492690 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA MH639 UT WOS:A1993MH63900004 ER PT J AU PINSON, SRM RUTGER, JN AF PINSON, SRM RUTGER, JN TI HETEROZYGOUS DIPLOID PLANTS REGENERATED FROM ANTHER CULTURE OF F1 RICE PLANTS SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE ANTHER CULTURE; ANDROGENESIS; HETEROZYGOUS; DIPLOID AB Plants derived from anther culture are theoretically haploid, but diploid plants are also known to arise. Anther culture-derived diploid plants are usually homozygous and are believed to be due to spontaneous doubling of chromosomes in either microsporocytes or callus cells during the culture process. However, heterozygous diploid regenerants may also arise from a) regeneration from cultured somatic cells, b) mutation occurring during or after a spontaneous doubling event, c) fusion of unlike haploid cells in chimeric callus, and d) regeneration from diploid microsporocytes resulting from aberrant meioses. This study was designed to elucidate the frequency and origin of diploid regenerants from rice anther culture. Regenerants were obtained from 11 F-1 genotypes. Progeny testing detected heterozygosity in 7 out of 211 regenerants. Each of the heterozygous regenerants were from 'Calrose 76'/waxy 'M-101'. Half of the diploid regenerants from this cross were heterozygous. No heterozygous regenerants arose from the other 10 F-1 genotypes. Progeny testing indicated that two of the heterozygous regenerants were as heterozygous as the F-1 plants for three parental characters. The other five regenerants exhibited decreased levels of heterozygosity. One of the heterozygous regenerants exhibited evidence of mutation for a non-parental character. However, mutation is an unlikely cause of the observed high levels of parental-type heterozygosity. No evidence for the occurrence of chimeric callus was detected, making this an unlikely cause as well. The most likely origin of the observed partial heterozygosity is regeneration from diploid microspores, which could also produce plants exhibiting complete parental-type heterozygosity. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,USDA ARS,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI UPPER MARLBORO PA 9315 LARGO DR W #255, UPPER MARLBORO, MD 20774-4755 SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD OCT PY 1993 VL 29P IS 4 BP 174 EP 179 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA MU411 UT WOS:A1993MU41100005 ER PT J AU OW, DW AF OW, DW TI PHYTOCHELATIN-MEDIATED CADMIUM TOLERANCE IN SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE HEAVY METALS; VACUOLES; MEMBRANE TRANSPORTER; PURINE BIOSYNTHESIS; SULFIDE ID METAL-BINDING PEPTIDES; FISSION YEAST; ADENYLOSUCCINATE SYNTHETASE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; HEAVY-METALS; SULFIDE; PLANTS; SUPERFAMILY; RESISTANCE; SYNTHASE AB Plants and certain fungi respond to heavy metal toxicity with the induced synthesis of metal-binding peptides known as phytochelatins (PCs). With cadmium, PCs can bind the metal to form a low molecular weight PC-Cd complex and a high molecular weight PC-Cd-S2- complex. The sulfide ions enhance the stability and Cd-binding capacity of the metal chelate, and formation of this sulfide-containing complex is associated with enhanced tolerance to cadmium. Molecular analyses of two fission yeast mutants that fail to produce a wild type level of the PC-Cd-S2- complex have determined that a vacuolar membrane transporter and several enzymes of the purine biosynthesis pathway are necessary in vivo for formation of the PC-Cd-S2- complex. A model based on vacuolar sequestration of the PC-Cd complex by an ATP-binding cassette-type transporter and its subsequent maturation into the stable PC-Cd-S2- complex via the actions of two purine biosynthetic enzymes is described. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP OW, DW (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI UPPER MARLBORO PA 9315 LARGO DR W #255, UPPER MARLBORO, MD 20774-4755 SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD OCT PY 1993 VL 29P IS 4 BP 213 EP 219 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA MU411 UT WOS:A1993MU41100011 ER PT J AU NACHMAN, RJ HOLMAN, GM HAYES, TK BEIER, RC AF NACHMAN, RJ HOLMAN, GM HAYES, TK BEIER, RC TI ACYL, PSEUDOTETRAPEPTIDE, TRIPEPTIDE AND DIPEPTIDE ACTIVE-CORE ANALOGS OF INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE INSECT NEUROPEPTIDES; ACHETAKININ; PSEUDOPEPTIDE SYNTHESIS; ACTIVE CORE; MYOTROPIC ACTIVITY ID MALPIGHIAN TUBULES; CHOLECYSTOKININ; GASTRIN; LEUCOSULFAKININ; HOMOLOGY; HINDGUT; FAMILY AB Pseudopeptides of the achetakinin insect neuropeptide family were synthesized by replacing the amino acid blocks Phe-, Phe-Tyr-, and Phe-Tyr-Pro- of the active-core pentapeptide Phe-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Gly-NH2 with hydrocinnamic acid, 6-phenylhexanoic acid, and both 9-phenylnonanoic and 6-phenylhexanoic acid, respectively. All four of these analogs retained myotropic activity, demonstrating that the active core could be reduced from a pentapeptide to a modified dipeptide. Most notable of these was the pseudotetrapeptide hydrocinnamyl-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Gly-NH2, which retained 70% of the potency and over 85% of the maximal activity of the parent pentapeptide. The N-terminal amino group, the phenol ring of the Tyr residue, the sulfate moiety and the Gly residue of the insect sulfakinin active core Tyr(SO3H)-Gly-His-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 were all replaced by dodecanedioic acid. The resulting pseudotetrapeptide, dodecandioyl-His-Nle-Arg-Phe-NH2, elicited myostimulatory activity. Conversely, the related acyl pseudopentapeptide azelayl-Gly-His-Nle-Arg-Phe-NH2 proved myoinhibitory. A possible explanation for these disparate biological responses is discussed. These acyl pseudopeptides are important advances towards the eventual development of stable, potent mimetic agonists and antagonists of insect neuropeptides. (C) Munksgaard 1993. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP NACHMAN, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,FAPRL,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0367-8377 J9 INT J PEPT PROT RES JI Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 42 IS 4 BP 372 EP 377 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA MB335 UT WOS:A1993MB33500009 PM 8244632 ER PT J AU HARTMAN, GL WANG, TC KIM, D AF HARTMAN, GL WANG, TC KIM, D TI FIELD-EVALUATION OF MUNGBEANS FOR RESISTANCE TO CERCOSPORA LEAF-SPOT AND POWDERY MILDEW SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE VIGNA-RADIATA; CERCOSPORA-CANESCENS; ERYSIPHE-POLYGONI; MUNGBEAN GERMPLASM; TAIWAN AB Cercospora leaf spot, caused by Cercospora canescens and Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe polygoni, are two of the most important fungal diseases of mungbeans. Nearly 4000 accessions of the global mungbean collection at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center were screened for resistance to these two pathogens. Less than 4% and 12% of the accessions showed resistance to Cercospora leaf spot and powdery mildew, respectively. The level of resistance to Cercospora leaf spot varied and highly resistant lines were not found. A few lines were rated highly resistant to powdery mildew over several years but others were rated moderately resistant or susceptible in other years. RP HARTMAN, GL (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0967-0874 J9 INT J PEST MANAGE JI Int. J. Pest Manage. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 39 IS 4 BP 418 EP 421 DI 10.1080/09670879309371833 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NL143 UT WOS:A1993NL14300010 ER PT J AU RICHARDSON, AJ EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE AF RICHARDSON, AJ EVERITT, JH ESCOBAR, DE TI REFLECTANCE CALIBRATION OF AERIAL VIDEO IMAGERY WITH AUTOMATIC GAIN COMPENSATION ON AND OFF SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Video imaging systems are not radiometrically calibrated, thus it is difficult to obtain quantitative remotely-sensed imagery for natural resource applications. Video camera automatic gain controls (AGC) present potential problems in calibrating video systems for quantitative analysis because they compensate for changing solar illumination conditions. In this experiment aerial video calibrations to ground reflectance standards were compared for AGC turned on and off. The calibrated aerial video was evaluated for guinea grass (Panicum maximum L.) biomass treatments on two dates. Results showed that there was more atmospheric light scattering in the red than in the NIR video band. Light scattering affects could be detected only when the AGC was off because when AGC was on light scattering affects were masked. These results also showed that video imagery produced significant correlations with guinea grass biomass that were comparable to ground reflectance measurements. RP RICHARDSON, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES UNIT 2413,E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 14 IS 15 BP 2791 EP 2801 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA MF907 UT WOS:A1993MF90700005 ER PT J AU LABEDA, DP AF LABEDA, DP TI DNA RELATEDNESS AMONG STRAINS OF THE STREPTOMYCES-LAVENDULAE PHENOTYPIC CLUSTER GROUP SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL CLASSIFICATION; ACID; GENERA AB DNA relatedness was evaluated among the type strains of Streptomyces lavendulae and the 11 species which were designated as subjective synonyms in volume 4 of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Three S. lavendulae subspecies, five putative strains of S. lavendulae, and the type strain of ''S. majorciensis'' were also included in the present study. The 21 strains studied segregated into 14 clusters (average linkage) when grouped at > 70% DNA relatedness, including 10 single-member clusters. S. lavendulae, S. lavendulae subsp. avirens, S. lavendulae subsp. grasserius, and S. columbiensis were found to be synonymous at > 79% DNA relatedness. The other clusters, on the basis of their relatively low DNA relatedness to S. lavendulae, appear to be valid species rather than subjective synonyms of S. lavendulae. RP LABEDA, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MICROBIAL PROPERTIES RES,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 15 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 43 IS 4 BP 822 EP 825 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MC210 UT WOS:A1993MC21000026 ER PT J AU KEMPER, WD AF KEMPER, WD TI EFFECTS OF SOIL PROPERTIES ON PRECIPITATION USE EFFICIENCY SO IRRIGATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1ST VOLCANI INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE LIMITS OF WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN AGRICULTURE CY OCT, 1992 CL VOLCANI CTR, BET DAGAN, ISRAEL HO VOLCANI CTR ID WATER-CONTENT; INFILTRATION; COHESION; TILLAGE; TIME AB As other non-agricultural users need and are able to pay higher prices for irrigation waters it will be increasingly essential to make more efficient use of precipitation in crop production. Major problems constraining the efficiency with which rainfall is used are: large portions of this water run off or are evaporated from soil surfaces; root zone water holding capacity is not sufficient to hold water needed to sustain good crop production; and the random nature of the precipitation and associated probabilities of crop failure deter investments needed to achieve improved efficiency of water use on high value crops in rain fed lands. Gravel and organic mulches have shown potential for reducing annual evaporation to as low as 10 cm of water and for facilitating entry of expected intensities of rainfall. Under such mulches, soil water is almost as dependable as ''money in the bank'', and can be retained for use in seasons when high value crops are most efficiently grown. Measurements of such stored water plus past weather records can provide bases for calculating probabilities of adequate water being available for crops whose water requirements are known. Most of these water requirements have been determined when these crops were planted close together and root zones, and in some cases the crop canopy, overlapped. Research is needed to determine the degree to which wider spacing of high value vegetables and fruit crops under mulched conditions can be used to increase probabilities of economic production when water supplies are marginal. For tree crops, where planting density is not temporally flexible, but small amounts of irrigation water may be available at high cost, management systems are needed to optimize use of rain and ascertain when the economic benefits are sufficiently great to justify use of the irrigation water. Such sporadic use requires that the supply system can provide water on demand. Increases in rooting depths by modifying soils with restricting layers can serve as a cost effective alternative to irrigation under some climatic regimes. Such regimes should be identified and costs of increasing rooting depths should be evaluated and reduced where possible. Availability of municipal and industrial waste products, whose producers may be willing to pay costs of transport and incorporation, may provide economically feasible means of removing such restrictions. Production levels and environmental consequences of incorporating such wastes-cum-amendments in soils need evaluation to provide bases for developing optimized and acceptable management systems. RP KEMPER, WD (reprint author), USDA ARS,BLDG 005,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0342-7188 J9 IRRIGATION SCI JI Irrig. Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 14 IS 2 BP 65 EP 73 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA MD786 UT WOS:A1993MD78600004 ER PT J AU CHAPMAN, GW HORVAT, RJ PAYNE, JA AF CHAPMAN, GW HORVAT, RJ PAYNE, JA TI CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES IN 2 GENETICALLY DIVERSE CULTIVARS OF MAYHAW FRUIT AT 3 MATURITY STAGES SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SUGAR COMPOSITION; MATURATION; ACIDS AB The levels of nonvolatile acids, sugars, and pectin and the carbohydrate composition of pectin were determined in two cultivars of mayhaw fruit (Yellow Gem, Crataegus aestivalis, and Super Spur, Crataegus opaca) at three stages of maturity. Malic acid was the principal acid found in both cultivars and decreased during fruit maturation. Malic acid levels did not decrease as rapidly in Yellow Gem as in Super Spur. Quinic acid also decreased in both cultivars, but the levels were higher in Yellow Gem than in Super Spur at all stages of maturity. Citric acid reached its highest level at the midripe stage in Super Spur and then decreased slightly by the ripe stage. This acid was found in only trace amounts in Yellow Gem at all stages of maturity. Major sugar levels of fructose and glucose increased from the immature to the ripe stage in both cultivars, while sucrose and sorbitol changed very little. Total pectin levels did not change with maturity. However, appreciable changes were observed in pectin carbohydrate composition during maturation. In both cultivars, the arabinose content in pectin decreased, while galacturonic acid increased at the ripe stage. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613. USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1550 EP 1552 DI 10.1021/jf00034a004 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MC621 UT WOS:A1993MC62100004 ER PT J AU GOMEZ, E LEDBETTER, CA HARTSELL, PL AF GOMEZ, E LEDBETTER, CA HARTSELL, PL TI VOLATILE COMPOUNDS IN APRICOT, PLUM, AND THEIR INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AROMA COMPONENTS; PRUNUS-ARMENIACA; HEADSPACE; CONSTITUENTS; CULTIVARS; FRUIT; DISTILLATION AB The volatile components of fresh, tree-ripened apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.), plums (Prunus salicina Lindl.), and their interspecific hybrids were isolated by simultaneous distillation extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The study of the aromatic profiles of the parents (apricot and plum) and the progenies (plum x apricot) demonstrated that the progeny retained the ability to produce volatile compounds typical of the parents and that components important to the aromas and flavors of the parents were produced at high levels. C1 USDA ARS, 2021 S PEACH AVE, FRESNO, CA 93727 USA. NR 26 TC 39 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1669 EP 1676 DI 10.1021/jf00034a029 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MC621 UT WOS:A1993MC62100029 ER PT J AU MILLS, OE CHUNG, SY JOHNSEN, PB AF MILLS, OE CHUNG, SY JOHNSEN, PB TI DEHYDRATION PRODUCTS OF 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR OFF-FLAVOR IN THE CHANNEL CATFISH SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; WATER AB Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses indicated that volatile fractions of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) covering a range of flavor quality were all found to contain 2-methylenebornane and 2-methyl-2-bornene, dehydration products of 2-methylisoborneol. Gas chromatographic effluent sniffing indicated that the only ''earthy/musty'' odor compounds present were identified as 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin. It was concluded that 2-methylenebornane and 2-methyl-2-bornene, which do not have discernible odors, do not contribute to off-flavor, contrary to an earlier study. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,FOOD FLAVOR QUAL RES UNIT,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1690 EP 1692 DI 10.1021/jf00034a032 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MC621 UT WOS:A1993MC62100032 ER PT J AU FRENCH, RC NESTER, SE STAVELY, JR AF FRENCH, RC NESTER, SE STAVELY, JR TI STIMULATION OF GERMINATION OF TELIOSPORES OF UROMYCES-APPENDICULATUS BY VOLATILE AROMA COMPOUNDS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PUCCINIA-PUNCTIFORMIS; ACTIVATION; PHASEOLI AB More than 100 aroma compounds were tested for activity in stimulating germination of teliospores of Uromyces appendiculatus, the fungus that causes bean rust disease. Preliminary volatility tests, in which teliospores on agar were exposed briefly to gaseous emanations from 10 muL of compounds, were useful in quickly selecting stimulatory compounds for more detailed study. Of the various aldehydes, alcohols, esters, ketones, and isothiocyanate derivatives tested, several aldehydes and esters were effective. Isobutyraldehyde (55%), isovaleraldehyde (42%). and furfural (37%) stimulated germination. The esters methyl isobutyrate (60%), propyl propionate (54%), allyl butyrate (44%), and furfuryl propionate (28%) also stimulated germination. The most effective compounds showed maximum activity at 14 days, 19-degrees-C, over the concentration range 25-250 muL/L, in alternating light and darkness. Chemical stimulators may facilitate studies of the sexual cycle of the fungus, which starts with the germination of the teliospores, and may help in the development of resistant bean varieties or lead to new methods of controlling the disease. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP FRENCH, RC (reprint author), USDA,FOREIGN DIS WEED SCI RES,BLDG 1301,FT DETRICK,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1743 EP 1747 DI 10.1021/jf00034a042 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MC621 UT WOS:A1993MC62100042 ER PT J AU DAILEY, OD BLAND, JM TRASKMORRELL, BJ AF DAILEY, OD BLAND, JM TRASKMORRELL, BJ TI PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CYCLODEXTRIN COMPLEXES OF THE INSECTICIDES ALDICARB AND SULPROFOS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GROUND-WATER; PESTICIDES; INCLUSION; FLORIDA AB The beta-cyclodextrin (BCD) complexes of the insecticides sulprofos and aldicarb have been prepared in an aqueous medium. Attempts to form a BCD complex of the insecticide thiodicarb were apparently unsuccessful. The BCD complexes were characterized by solubility properties, elemental analyses, and spectral studies. Spectral studies included ultraviolet, infrared, proton NMR, and C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The spectral differences between the BCD complex and its individual components were greatest in the case of aldicarb, providing evidence confirming the formation of a true inclusion complex. Since the spectral differences between the sulprofos-BCD complex and its components were small, it was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC thermogram of the complex differed markedly from that of sulprofos or BCD, suggesting the formation of an inclusion complex; however, an external associative complex cannot be ruled out. RP DAILEY, OD (reprint author), USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, 1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD, POB 19687, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1767 EP 1771 DI 10.1021/jf00034a046 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MC621 UT WOS:A1993MC62100046 ER PT J AU MARTIN, M MICELI, F MORGAN, JA SCALET, M ZERBI, G AF MARTIN, M MICELI, F MORGAN, JA SCALET, M ZERBI, G TI SYNTHESIS OF OSMOTICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN WINTER-WHEAT LEAVES AS RELATED TO DROUGHT RESISTANCE OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ACKER UND PFLANZENBAU LA English DT Article DE TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT; SUGARS; AMINO-ACIDS ID WATER-STRESS; ACCUMULATION; PROLINE; OSMOREGULATION; ADJUSTMENT AB Water stress increased mono-saccharides and decreased di-saccharides concentration in four field grown genotypes, regardless of their different drought susceptibility. Sandy, a USA genotype known for giving satisfying yields in droughty environments, outstood the other cultivars in terms of betaine and proline concentration in leaf tissues; these aminoacids are therefore considered responsible for the most negative PSIs perceived in this cultivar. PV-curve technique revealed for Tullio, the drought susceptible Italian genotype, an osmotic adjustment of -0.63 MPa, four times greater than in Pandas, though this drought resistant cultivar showed a similar content in osmotically active substances; the authors therefore hypothesize an alternative mechanism in the response to water shortage in Tullio. C1 UNIV UDINE,DIPARTIMENTO BIOL APPLICADA DIFESA PIANTE,I-33100 UDINE,ITALY. USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP MARTIN, M (reprint author), UNIV UDINE,DIPARTIMENTO PROD VEGETALE & AGRARIE,I-33100 UDINE,ITALY. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci.-Z. Acker Pflanzenbau PD OCT PY 1993 VL 171 IS 3 BP 176 EP 184 DI 10.1111/j.1439-037X.1993.tb00129.x PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MD576 UT WOS:A1993MD57600005 ER PT J AU GALLETTI, GC REEVES, JB BLOOMFIELD, J VOGT, KA VOGT, DJ AF GALLETTI, GC REEVES, JB BLOOMFIELD, J VOGT, KA VOGT, DJ TI ANALYSIS OF LEAF AND FINE-ROOT LITTER FROM A SUBTROPICAL MONTANE RAIN-FOREST BY PYROLYSIS-GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT PYROLYSIS 92 - 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS, PROCESSES AND APPLICATIONS OF PHYROLYSIS CY SEP 28-20, 1992 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY DE FINE ROOT TISSUE; LEAF TISSUE; LIGNOCELLULOSE; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; PYROLYSIS; PYROLYSIS; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROMETRY; TROPICAL RAIN FOREST ID PLANT MATERIALS; SPRUCE NEEDLES; GC-MS; LIGNIN; SOILS; DECOMPOSITION; SPECTROSCOPY AB As a preliminary part of a larger study on litter decomposition in tropical forests, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and conventional wet chemistry methods were used to determine the composition of tropical leaf and fine root tissue, and the quality of the tissue acting as a substrate for decay. Wet chemistry fiber analysis of Sierra Palm (Prestoea montana) and Tabonuco (Dacryodes excelsa) samples suggested high total lignin contents which were not supported by the other techniques. Results showed a high amount of phenol being produced during the pyrolysis of Sierra Palm, and lower total lignin content than that measured by wet chemistry. Typical FT-IR spectra and pyrograms with peak identification and quantitative data are reported. C1 USDA,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. YALE UNIV,SCH FORESTRY & ENVIRONM STUDIES,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. RP GALLETTI, GC (reprint author), UNIV REGGIO CALABRIA,IST MICROBIOL & TECNOL AGR & FORESTALE,I-89061 GALLINA,ITALY. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD OCT PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/0165-2370(93)80018-U PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA MA348 UT WOS:A1993MA34800001 ER PT J AU RIBY, PG HARNLY, JM AF RIBY, PG HARNLY, JM TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A HELIUM DISCHARGE FOR HOLLOW ANODE FURNACE ATOMIZATION NONTHERMAL EXCITATION SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE FURNACE ATOMIZATION NONTHERMAL EXCITATION SPECTROMETRY; ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETRY; GRAPHITE FURNACE; HELIUM DISCHARGE ID PLASMA EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; FAPES; FANES; SPECTROSCOPY AB A discharge in He has been characterized for hollow anode furnace atomization non-thermal excitation spectrometry (HA-FANES). The small surface area of the cathode and high current densities make it possible to stabilize He discharges up to 1200 hPa using a d.c. power supply operating in the constant current mode. Current-voltage characteristics were determined for pressures up to 800 hPa. Characterization at higher pressures was not possible owing to limitations of the power supply. The release of thermionic electrons from the cathode surface at temperatures in excess of 1750 K caused a dramatic decrease in the discharge potential during the atomization cycle. Increased ohmic heating of the cathode with increased currents caused a time shift in the release of thermionic electrons. Excitation temperatures, obtained from Boltzmann plots of five He I lines, decreased slightly as a function of increasing pressure and increased as a function of increasing current. Dramatic decreases in the discharge potential were observed for high concentrations (250 mg ml-1) of NaCl. The potential decreases were too short-lived to permit the accurate measurement of excitation temperatures. Integrated analytical signals increased linearly with increasing pressure. C1 USDA,BARC E,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 8 IS 7 BP 945 EP 953 DI 10.1039/ja9930800945 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA ME197 UT WOS:A1993ME19700004 ER PT J AU TURNLUND, JR KEYES, WR SCOTT, KC AF TURNLUND, JR KEYES, WR SCOTT, KC TI ISOTOPE RATIOS OF CALCIUM DETERMINED IN CA-46 ENRICHED SAMPLES FROM INFANTS BY AUTOMATED MULTIPLE-COLLECTOR THERMAL IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE THERMAL IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY; STABLE ISOTOPES; CALCIUM; CLINICAL SAMPLES ID STABLE ISOTOPES; PREMATURE-INFANTS; EXTRINSIC TAG; ABSORPTION; COPPER; METHODOLOGY; DILUTION; TRACERS; BALANCE; CA-46 AB A high-precision method was developed for automated multiple-collector determination of 46Ca enrichment using magnetic sector, thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Calcium was separated from biological samples by precipitation as calcium oxalate. The calcium oxalate was washed, then dissolved in nitric acid, and isotope ratios were determined in 10 mug samples. The Ca-44, 46Ca and 48Ca isotopes were collected simultaneously. The 46Ca:48Ca ratios were measured and corrected for fractionation by iterative normalization, using the Ca-44:48Ca ratio, in order to achieve the required precision. Blocks of ten ratios were measured with an internal or within-run precision of 0.14% relative standard deviation (RSD) in urine samples and 0.10% RSD in faecal samples. The external or between-run precision for nine replicates was 0.07% RSD for urine and 0.09% RSD for faecal samples. Enrichment of samples collected following the feeding of 46Ca to pre-term infants ranged from 8 to 179 DELTA% excess in faecal samples and from 19 to 91 DELTA% excess in urine samples. If another isotope in addition to 46Ca is to be enriched, the identical analytical method can be applied by collecting Ca-42, Ca-43, Ca-44 and 46Ca simultaneously, using the two unenriched isotopes to correct for fractionation. C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. RP TURNLUND, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 8 IS 7 BP 983 EP 987 DI 10.1039/ja9930800983 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA ME197 UT WOS:A1993ME19700010 ER PT J AU OSCAR, TP AF OSCAR, TP TI ENHANCED LIPOLYSIS FROM BROILER ADIPOCYTES PRETREATED WITH PANCREATIC-POLYPEPTIDE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ADIPOCYTES; GLUCAGON; LIPOLYSIS; PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE; SOMATOSTATIN ID ADENOSINE RECEPTOR AGONIST; ADENYLATE CYCLASE SYSTEM; DOWN-REGULATION; HETEROLOGOUS DESENSITIZATION; PROLONGED INCUBATION; RAT ADIPOCYTES; SOMATOSTATIN; EXPOSURE; CHICKEN AB Broiler adipocytes in culture were used to determine whether prolonged preincubation with an antilipolytic hormone, pancreatic polypeptide, enhances lipolysis by inducing desensitization of lipolysis inhibition. Preincubation of broiler adipocytes with pancreatic polypeptide resulted in a dose-response and time-dependent enhancement (P < .05) of basal and glucagon-stimulated lipolysis. Lipolysis was enhanced at 4 and 24 h but not at .5 h of pretreatment. Acute inhibition of basal lipolysis was unaffected by long-term (24 h) exposure of adipocytes to a maximally effective dose (12 nM) of pancreatic polypeptide. Thus, desensitization of lipolysis inhibition cannot explain the enhanced lipolysis from pancreatic polypeptide-treated adipocytes. However, preincubation with 12 nM pancreatic polypeptide for 24 h reduced (P < .05) pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin inhibition of lipolysis stimulated by glucagon. Moreover, basal lipolysis and submaximal lipolysis were enhanced to a similar extent (27 vs 29 nmol/h) but to a greater (P < .05) extent (27 vs 13 nmol/h) than maximal lipolysis when adipocytes were exposed to 12 nM pancreatic polypeptide for 24 h. These results suggest that the enhanced lipolysis induced by prolonged exposure of adipocytes to pancreatic polypeptide resulted from increased activity of hormone-sensitive lipase and activators of this enzyme and not from attenuation of lipolysis inhibition. RP OSCAR, TP (reprint author), USDA ARS,GEORGETOWN,DE 19947, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 71 IS 10 BP 2639 EP 2644 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MA268 UT WOS:A1993MA26800009 PM 8226363 ER PT J AU LOUGH, DS KAHL, S SOLOMON, MB RUMSEY, TS AF LOUGH, DS KAHL, S SOLOMON, MB RUMSEY, TS TI THE EFFECT OF TRENBOLONE ACETATE ON PERFORMANCE, PLASMA-LIPIDS, AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF GROWING RAM AND EWE LAMBS SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RAMS; EWES; TRENBOLONE ACETATE ID GROWTH-HORMONE; PROTEIN-METABOLISM; WETHER LAMBS; STEERS; ESTRADIOL; OESTRADIOL-17-BETA; COMBINATIONS; CASTRATE; INSULIN; HEIFERS AB The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of trenbolone acetate (TBA) on performance, plasma lipid metabolites, and carcass characteristics of growing ram and ewe lambs in two separate experiments. Treatments consisted of 1) a control, no implants, and 2) a TBA implant (60 mg of Finaplix(R); Hoechst-Roussel Agri-Vet). Twelve Rambouillet cross ram lambs (average 19.9 kg BW; Exp. 1) and 18 Suffolk-Hampshire ewe lambs (average 37.2 kg BW; Exp. 2) were given ad libitum access to a 77% forage/23% concentrate diet (15.5% CP and 2.14 Mcal of ME/kg). On d 0, six rams and nine ewes received TBA as an ear implant and six rams and nine ewes were designated as controls. Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture on d 0, 28, 56, and 84 and plasma was separated and analyzed for lipid metabolites. Rams (30.5 kg BW) and ewes (50.0 kg BW) were slaughtered after 93 and 91 d, respectively. Average daily gain was not affected by TBA in rams (117 g/d) or ewes (159 g/d). Nutrient intake restricted normal BW gains in the rams. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and nonesterified fatty acids were not affected by TBA in either rams or ewes. Trenbolone acetate had no effect on subcutaneous fat measurements in either rams or ewes. Lamb chops from rams implanted with TBA were less (P < .04) tender (5.58 vs 4.26 kg/1.27-cm core) than lamb chops from control rams. Additional studies examining growth and carcass composition are needed in ruminants implanted with anabolic steroids and fed high-forage diets. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP LOUGH, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PROD QUAL & DEV,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 71 IS 10 BP 2659 EP 2665 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MA268 UT WOS:A1993MA26800012 PM 8226366 ER PT J AU WISE, T YOUNG, LD POND, WG AF WISE, T YOUNG, LD POND, WG TI REPRODUCTIVE, ENDOCRINE, AND ORGAN WEIGHT DIFFERENCES OF SWINE SELECTED FOR HIGH OR LOW SERUM-CHOLESTEROL SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PIGS; CHOLESTEROL; OVULATION RATE; LITTER SIZE ID GROWTH-HORMONE; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; PORCINE GRANULOSA; HOLSTEIN COWS; LOW-DENSITY; BILE-ACID; OESTRADIOL-17-BETA; METABOLISM; GLUCOSE AB Three generations of selection for 56-d blood cholesterol concentrations were used to establish low and high cholesterol lines of pigs in which cholesterol concentrations differed by 39% in the last generation. Litter size (number of fully formed pigs born per litter) diverged with each successive generation of selection and, at the third generation, litter size differed between the low and high line by two pigs (high line = 8.5 +/- .6; low line = 10.5 +/- .5; P < .05). A random selection of offspring (gilts, n = 109; boars, n = 46; barrows, n = 94) from the third generation and a control line maintained throughout the experiment were monitored for hormonal and anatomical relationships that might provide insight into the mechanisms that altered fecundity. Ovulation rate (number of corpora lutea) as determined on d 60 of pregnancy was increased in the low (n = 29) compared with the high cholesterol line (n = 38; 11.8 +/- .3 vs 9.8 +/- .3, respectively; P < .05), and litter size continued to be increased in the low cholesterol line (P < .05). No differences were noted between lines in kidney, ovarian, or total corpora lutea weight. Empty uterine weight and adrenal weight were increased in the high cholesterol line (P <.05) in randomly selected offspring of the third generation, and liver weight increased in the low line (P < .05). Associated with increased concentrations of cholesterol were increased serum concentrations of progesterone (gilts) and testosterone (boars) in the high cholesterol line (P < .05). Serum concentrations of FSH were increased in gilts of the low cholesterol line (P < .05). Serum inhibin concentrations were increased in the high cholesterol line of boars (n = 18 for high and low cholesterol lines; P < .05). Serum growth hormone concentrations did not differ between genetic lines. Collectively, these data provide substantial evidence that high and low cholesterol lines differ genetically in ovulation rate and litter size, and that the mechanism relates to altered pituitary secretion of gonadotropin and altered feedback effects of increased or decreased steroid/inhibin synthesis by the gonad, much of which may be associated with altered cholesterol availability. RP WISE, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 50 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 71 IS 10 BP 2732 EP 2738 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MA268 UT WOS:A1993MA26800021 PM 8226374 ER PT J AU NIENABER, JA EISEMANN, JH YEN, JT HUNTINGTON, GB AF NIENABER, JA EISEMANN, JH YEN, JT HUNTINGTON, GB TI TECHNICAL NOTE - COMPARISON OF TECHNIQUES FOR MEASUREMENT OF OXYGEN-UPTAKE BY CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE STEERS; BLOOD FLOW; OXYGEN UPTAKE ID INDIRECT CALORIMETRY; BLOOD-FLOW; CONSUMPTION; STEERS AB The objective of this study was to compare techniques for measuring whole-body O2 uptake of steers. Oxygen uptake provides a basis for evaluating metabolic energy expenditure. We measured O2 uptake as the product of the difference in O2 contents of incoming and exhaust air times air flow through a respiration calorimeter (head box). Additionally, we used catheters and thermistors placed into the blood vessels near the heart to measure cardiac output and whole-body O2 uptake. The cardiac output measurement system used thermodilution to measure the blood flow rate through the pulmonary artery. Catheters placed in the pulmonary artery and in the aorta provided respective samples of oxygen-depleted and oxygen-enriched blood. The product of blood flow rate times blood oxygenation by the lungs provided the basis for calculating total O2 uptake. Four sets of simultaneous measurements with the two techniques were made on eight steers weighing from 272 to 528 kg. Oxygen uptake was not different (P > .20) for the two techniques. Overall (mean +/- SEM) 02 uptake measured by cardiac output (1 17.2 +/- 7.0 L/h) was 97 +/- 3% Of 02 uptake measured by respiration calorimetry. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP NIENABER, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 71 IS 10 BP 2756 EP 2759 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MA268 UT WOS:A1993MA26800024 PM 8226377 ER PT J AU CANNON, JG NERAD, JL POUTSIAKA, DD DINARELLO, CA AF CANNON, JG NERAD, JL POUTSIAKA, DD DINARELLO, CA TI MEASURING CIRCULATING CYTOKINES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE INTERLEUKIN-1; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; BIOASSAY; IMMUNOASSAY; PLASMA; SERUM ID TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; ENZYME IMMUNOMETRIC ASSAYS; NORMAL HUMAN SERUM; NORMAL HUMAN-URINE; INTERLEUKIN-1 ACTIVITY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ALPHA-MACROGLOBULIN; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; BIOLOGICAL MEDIA; HUMAN-PLASMA AB Cytokines, i.e., regulatory proteins derived primarily (but not exclusively) from cells of the immune system, are receiving increasing attention for their influences on physiological processes. This paper outlines several of the unique characteristics of cytokines and discusses the pitfalls encountered when measuring them in biological fluids. At present, each available assay has a combination of advantages and drawbacks; therefore, investigators must be aware of the trade-offs and choose the assay that best addresses their needs. The factors that affect cytokine measurement also influence cytokine activity in vivo; thus they are important from a physiological as well as methodological standpoint. Moreover, the absolute concentration of a single cytokine is probably less important than the balance between that cytokine and its natural antagonists. C1 USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP CANNON, JG (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-15614, AI-33414]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-39595] NR 43 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 75 IS 4 BP 1897 EP 1902 PG 6 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA MD352 UT WOS:A1993MD35200067 PM 8282648 ER PT J AU BARTELT, RJ SEATON, KL DOWD, PF AF BARTELT, RJ SEATON, KL DOWD, PF TI AGGREGATION PHEROMONE OF CARPOPHILUS-ANTIQUUS (COLEOPTERA, NITIDULIDAE) AND KAIROMONAL USE OF C-LUGUBRIS PHEROMONE BY C-ANTIQUUS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARPOPHILUS ANTIQUUS; C-LUGUBRIS; C-FREEMANI; COLEOPTERA; NITIDULIDAE; PHEROMONE; KAIROMONE; HYDROCARBON; TETRAENE ID TETRAENE HYDROCARBONS; HEMIPTERUS; BEETLES AB Males of Carpophilus antiquus Melsheimer (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) emit an aggregation pheromone that was found to be a novel hydrocarbon, (3E,5E,7E,9E)-6,8-diethyl-4-methyl-3,5,7,9-dodecatetraene, A synthetic scheme and spectra (mass and proton NMR) are given for the compound. Beetles produced the pheromone when feeding on a variety of media, including the brewer's yeast-based artificial diet, fermenting whole-wheat bread dough, corn, and prunes; live baker's yeast was generally added to the food media. Males held individually produced, on average, 25 x more pheromone per beetle than mares held in groups of 10 or more. Pheromone was not produced until males were at least 5 days old but was still detected from the oldest beetles tested (47 days). In field tests, the pheromone was attractive to both sexes of C. antiquus, and it was synergized by food volatiles: A combination of pheromone and fermenting whole wheat dough attracted 2.5x more beetles than pheromone alone, but dough by itself was not significantly more attractive than the control. Semiochemical interactions were studied among C. antiquus and two other sympatric species for which pheromones are known, C. lugubris Murray and C. freemani Dobson. C. antiquus responded readily to the pheromone of C. lugubris, but all other interspecific responses to the pheromones were weak. In a sample of naturally infested corn ears, the presence of C. antiquus was strongly associated with the presence of C. lugubris, as would be expected if the pheromone of C. lugubris serves as a kairomone for C. antiquus. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES GRP,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP BARTELT, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOACT CONSTITUENTS GRP,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 19 IS 10 BP 2203 EP 2216 DI 10.1007/BF00979658 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MC850 UT WOS:A1993MC85000010 PM 24248570 ER PT J AU BRINKER, AM SPENCER, GF AF BRINKER, AM SPENCER, GF TI HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY OF SULFORAPHENE FROM STOCK (MATTHIOLA-INCANA) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE STOCK; MATTHIOLA INCANA; BRASSICACEAE; GLUCOSINOLATE; SULFORAPHENE; GLUCORAPHENIN; PHYTOTOXICITY; ALLELOPATHY ID ISOTHIOCYANATES; DEGRADATION; MUSTARD AB A herbicidal compound was isolated from extracts of Matthiola incana and identified as sulforaphene (4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate). The ED(50) of this compound against velvetleaf seedlings was approximately 2 x 10(-4) M. Glucoraphenin, the glucosinolate that is the natural precursor of sulforaphene, was less phytotoxic, with an ED(50) of near 6 x 10(-3) M. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 19 IS 10 BP 2279 EP 2284 DI 10.1007/BF00979663 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MC850 UT WOS:A1993MC85000015 PM 24248575 ER PT J AU VAUGHN, SF GARDNER, HW AF VAUGHN, SF GARDNER, HW TI LIPOXYGENASE-DERIVED ALDEHYDES INHIBIT FUNGI PATHOGENIC ON SOYBEAN SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALDEHYDES; (E)-2-HEXENAL; (E)-2-NONENAL; (Z)-3-NONENAL; (E)-4-HYDROXY-2-NONENAL; LIPOXYGENASE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; GLYCINE MAX; COLLETOTRICHUM TRUNCATUM; RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI; SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII; SOYBEAN; FUNGAL PATHOGENS ID VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; GLYCINE-MAX; GERMINATION; PATHWAY; POTATO; SOIL AB Several unsaturated aldehydes are produced from polyunsaturated fatty acids via the lipoxygenase pathway when soybean (Glycine max) plants are wounded mechanically or by pathogens. The effects of four of these aldehydes were examined on the growth of isolated fungal cultures of Colletotrichum truncatum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotium rolfsii. (E)-2-Hexenal, (E)-2-nonenal, and (Z)-3-nonenal inhibited the growth of R. solani and S. rolfsii at 35 mu mol added per liter or greater when applied as volatiles, although higher levels were required for inhibition of C. truncatum. (E)-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal was the most inhibitory compound when applied directly in the growth medium, but it had the least effect as a volatile. RP VAUGHN, SF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 19 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 19 IS 10 BP 2337 EP 2345 DI 10.1007/BF00979668 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MC850 UT WOS:A1993MC85000020 PM 24248580 ER PT J AU HEATH, RR MANUKIAN, A EPSKY, ND SIVINSKI, J CALKINS, CO LANDOLT, PJ AF HEATH, RR MANUKIAN, A EPSKY, ND SIVINSKI, J CALKINS, CO LANDOLT, PJ TI BIOASSAY SYSTEM FOR COLLECTING VOLATILES WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY ATTRACTING TEPHRITID FRUIT-FLIES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOASSAY SYSTEM; FLIGHT TUNNEL; FRUIT FLIES; CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY; ANASTREPHA SUSPENSA; DIPTERA; TEPHRITIDAE; PHEROMONE ID ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA DIPTERA; FLY; PHEROMONE AB A bioassay system was developed that permits the testing of various substrates for biological activity in a flight tunnel, while simultaneously collecting a portion of the volatiles from the attractive source for subsequent chemical identification and quantification. Bioassays of the response of virgin female Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), to volatiles released by calling males were conducted in a greenhouse under natural light cycles and fluctuating environmental conditions, similar to those in the field. Using this system, the periodicity of response of the female flies between 1300 and 1945 hr (EST) was tested. Fifty to 75% response occurred between 1700 and 1845 hr. Mare pheromone release was greatest between 1500 and 1800 hr. Videotaped records of insects, taken between 1700 and 1800 hr as flies approached and entered the traps, were analyzed to interpret the communicative role of the volatiles released. Significantly more flies landed on and entered the pheromone-emitting trap than the control trap. There was no difference in the amount of time spent on the trap face, an indication that volatiles were attractants. The system described should be of general utility in determination of the attraction of pest fruit flies to suspected attractants. RP HEATH, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 19 IS 10 BP 2395 EP 2410 DI 10.1007/BF00979673 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MC850 UT WOS:A1993MC85000025 PM 24248585 ER PT J AU SIMMS, PJ HAINES, RM HICKS, KB AF SIMMS, PJ HAINES, RM HICKS, KB TI HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY OF NEUTRAL OLIGOSACCHARIDES ON A BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN-BONDED PHASE COLUMN SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; CARBOHYDRATE OLIGOMERS; STATIONARY PHASE; SEPARATION; SACCHARIDES; POLYSACCHARIDES; MONOSACCHARIDES; TRISACCHARIDES; RESINS AB A beta-cyclodextrin bonded phase HPLC column was used for the separation of neutral oligosaccharides derived from starch, cellulose, pullulan, xylan, inulin, and mannan. Rapid, high-resolution separations resulted when acetonitrile-water mixtures were used as mobile phases. Retention times for oligosaccharides were dependent on both monosaccharide composition and linkage types. Compared to aminoalkyl silica gel phases, commonly used for carbohydrate analysis, the beta-cyclodextrin bonded phase appeared to be similar in selectivity and superior in durability. It is anticipated that beta-cyclodextrin bonded phase HPLC columns may be useful alternatives to commonly used aminoalkyl-modified silica gels for the separation and analysis of neutral oligosaccharides. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR PD OCT 1 PY 1993 VL 648 IS 1 BP 131 EP 137 DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)83294-3 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA MB159 UT WOS:A1993MB15900014 ER PT J AU STUDER, VA GRUMMER, RR BERTICS, SJ REYNOLDS, CK AF STUDER, VA GRUMMER, RR BERTICS, SJ REYNOLDS, CK TI EFFECT OF PREPARTUM PROPYLENE-GLYCOL ADMINISTRATION ON PERIPARTURIENT FATTY LIVER IN DAIRY-COWS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PREPARTUM; PROPYLENE GLYCOL; FATTY LIVER; DAIRY COWS ID BODY CONDITION; BLOOD; PERFORMANCE; METABOLISM; LACTATION; SECRETION; GLUCAGON; HORMONES; INSULIN; KETOSIS AB Plasma glucose concentration during late gestation was thought to be important for the development of fatty liver near parturition. Thirteen multiparous cows were given a 1-L oral drench of propylene glycol once daily beginning 10 +/- 3.6 d prepartum until parturition. Eleven control cows received a 1-L water drench. Plasma glucose increased following propylene glycol administration. Plasma NEFA concentration was 403 and 234 muM, and plasma insulin concentrations were .354 and .679 ng/ml, for control cows and cows treated with propylene glycol measured from 1 to 7 d prepartum. Plasma NEFA tended to be lower in cows treated with propylene glycol from 1 to 21 d postpartum. Prepartum propylene glycol administration reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation by 32 and 42% at 1 and 21 d postpartum, respectively. Prepartum plasma BHBA was reduced during propylene glycol administration. Prepartum plasma glucose, NEFA, BHBA, and insulin were strongly correlated with liver triglyceride at 1 d postpartum (r = -.49, .45, .36, and -.49, respectively). Pre- and postpartum DMI were not affected by treatment. Milk production and composition measured through 21 d postpartum were not different between groups. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,1675 OBSERV DR,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,RUMINANT NUTR LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 32 TC 129 Z9 139 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 76 IS 10 BP 2931 EP 2939 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA MB187 UT WOS:A1993MB18700013 PM 8227621 ER PT J AU HOUSE, WA BELL, AW AF HOUSE, WA BELL, AW TI MINERAL ACCRETION IN THE FETUS AND ADNEXA DURING LATE-GESTATION IN HOLSTEIN COWS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MINERAL ACCRETION; FETUS; CONCEPTUS; HOLSTEIN COWS ID BOVINE; CONCEPTUS; HEIFERS; GROWTH AB Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 18) were bred artificially to the same Holstein bull and then slaughtered at times ranging from 190 to 270 d postmating to assess mineral accretion by the conceptus. Fresh weight, DM, and concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn were obtained for the fetus, fetal fluids, fetal membranes, cotyledons, caruncles, and uterine tissues. Rates of accumulation of individual minerals in different components of the conceptus during late gestation were described by either linear or exponential relationships. Estimated Ca accretion rate in the conceptus increased from 2.3 g/d at 190 d of gestation to 10.3 g/d at 280 d of pregnancy; corresponding P accretions were 1.9 and 5.4 g/d. Rates of accretion of Mg, K, and Na in the conceptus in late pregnancy were about .2, 1.0, and 1.4 g/d, respectively, and Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn accumulated in the conceptus at rates of 18.0, 11.7, 1.6, and .3 mg/d, respectively. These daily rates represent net mineral requirements for conceptus growth during late pregnancy in mature Holstein cows. In general, our values are consistent with current dietary recommendations for minerals during the dry period. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP HOUSE, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. RI Bell, Alan/G-5449-2010 NR 24 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSN PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 76 IS 10 BP 2999 EP 3010 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA MB187 UT WOS:A1993MB18700019 PM 8227626 ER PT J AU PORTER, SD AF PORTER, SD TI STABILITY OF POLYGYNE AND MONOGYNE FIRE ANT POPULATIONS (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE, SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA) IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE POLYGYNY; MULTIPLE QUEENS; EXOTIC PEST ID FLORIDA; COLONIES; TEXAS; FORM AB Over the past decade, polygyne red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta Buren) have been found at more and more sites across the southeastern United States. The objective of my study was to determine if polygyne (multiple-queen) populations are expanding and at what rate this might be occurring. More than 200 sites were inspected for polygyny in Florida and several other southeastern states. These sites were reinspected 1-3 yr later. Results showed that polygyne populations were not expanding rapidly in the areas studied (i.e., >4-6% per yr); however, more data will be needed to determine if polygyne populations are expanding slowly (i.e.,1-2% per yr). Overall, polygyne and monogyne sites were about 95% stable from year to year; in other words, they did not commonly switch back and forth from one form to the other. As expected, average mound densities in the Florida survey (62 sites) remained relatively constant from 1990 to 1992. RP PORTER, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1344 EP 1347 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC440 UT WOS:A1993MC44000007 PM 8254133 ER PT J AU WRIGHT, JE AF WRIGHT, JE TI CONTROL OF THE BOLL-WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) WITH NATURALIS-L - A MYCOINSECTICIDE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS-GRANDIS; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; COTTON AB Naturalis-L, which contains conidia of an insect-specific fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (ATCC 74040, ARSEF 3097, FCI 7744), was evaluated in field trials for activity against boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman. Effectiveness was evaluated against overwintered adults in the spring and throughout the cotton production season for control of adults in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. In 1991, Naturalis-L was as effective as azinphosmethyl in protection of the cotton crop; lint production was 247.2 and 223.1 kg/0.4 ha, respectively. In 1992, lint production in cotton protected by Naturalis-L was 373.1 kg compared with 469.5 kg lint production in cotton protected by a combination of bifenthrin and acephate. In 1991 and 1992, the integration of Naturalis-L for early-season boll weevil protection and insecticides for boll weevil infestations occurring after bloom provided the best protection and lint yields (302.1 and 469.5 kg/0.4 ha), respectively. RP WRIGHT, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,SO PLAINS AREA,CROP INSECTS RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1355 EP 1358 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC440 UT WOS:A1993MC44000009 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, RJ LAURICH, M LOUIE, R AF ANDERSON, RJ LAURICH, M LOUIE, R TI VERSATILE PRESSURE CHAMBER FOR INSECT BEHAVIOR STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE VIRUS TRANSMISSION; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; PRESSURE CHAMBER AB A chamber for evaluating effects of pressure on virus transmission and behavior of the blackfaced leafhopper, Graminella nigrifrons (Forbes), was made from a cylindrical metal container (55 cm high by 41 cm diameter), open at the top. At the open end, a plywood (2 cm [3/4 inch] thick) support rim and a rubber gasket coated with vacuum grease were used to support a polyearbonate lid (1 cm thick) and a plywood (2 cm [3/4 inch] thick) retaining ring. The transparent lid allowed illumination into the pressure chamber. The unit was housed in a growth chamber. Air pressure inside the chamber was controlled by inflating or deflating a rubber inner tube at the bottom of the airtight pressure chamber. A timer-actuated solenoid valve regulated air to the inner tube. Temperature, humidity, and pressure were recorded with a datalogger and transmitted to a computer for analysis. In three 12-h tests with controls set at 2.8 mm mercury (Hg) per h increase and 2.6 mm Hg per h decrease, chamber pressure rose and dropped by an average of 30.7 and by 28.4 mm Hg, respectively. When the controls were set for constant pressure, the pressure fluctuated no more than 0.1 mm Hg in a 12-h period. The transmission of maize chlorotic dwarf virus by leafhoppers that had an acquisition access period in the pressure chamber during falling pressure or exposed to atmospheric pressure was 14 versus 21% for males, 48 versus 49% for females, and 37 versus 43% for both males and females respectively. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP ANDERSON, RJ (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,CORN & SOYBEAN RES UNIT,DEPT ENTOMOL,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1393 EP 1398 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC440 UT WOS:A1993MC44000013 ER PT J AU SPRINGER, TL CARLTON, CE AF SPRINGER, TL CARLTON, CE TI OVIPOSITION PREFERENCE OF DARKWINGED FUNGUS GNATS (DIPTERA, SCIARIDAE) AMONG TRIFOLIUM SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BRADYSIA SPP; FORAGE LEGUMES; PASTURE PERSISTENCE AB We examined the oviposition preference of darkwinged fungus gnats, Bradysia spp., on 14 Trifolium cultivars representing seven species and seedling mortality following fungus gnat larval feeding. Variation in fungus gnat oviposition preference was detected for interspecific Trifolium cultivars but not for intraspecific cultivars. In a replicated free-choice greenhouse' test, subterranean clover, T. subterraneum L., was preferred significantly over other tested species, followed by crimson clover, T. incarnatum L.; arrowleaf clover, T. vesiculosum Savi; red clover, T. pratense L .; kura clover, T. ambiguum Bieb.; white clover, T. repens L.; and ball clover, T. nigrescens Viv. All Trifolium species were susceptible to feeding by fungus gnat larvae; we have also observed the death of 20 white clover seedlings by as few as six fungus gnat larvae. Fungus gnats may pose a serious threat to cool-season pasture legumes. Field surveys and population studies are needed to determine the importance of fungus gnat feeding in reducing the pasture persistence of cool- and warm-season forage legumes. RP SPRINGER, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARM RES CTR,RT 2,BOX 144-A,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1420 EP 1423 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC440 UT WOS:A1993MC44000017 ER PT J AU LINGREN, PD BRYANT, VM RAULSTON, JR PENDLETON, M WESTBROOK, J JONES, GD AF LINGREN, PD BRYANT, VM RAULSTON, JR PENDLETON, M WESTBROOK, J JONES, GD TI ADULT FEEDING HOST-RANGE AND MIGRATORY ACTIVITIES OF CORN-EARWORM, CABBAGE-LOOPER, AND CELERY LOOPER (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) MOTHS AS EVIDENCED BY ATTACHED POLLEN SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HELICOVERPA-ZEA; POLLEN; MIGRATION ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; HELIOTHIS-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; BLACK CUTWORM; LONG; NECTAR; RADAR AB This study was conducted to determine the host plant feeding range and possible migratory activities of com earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie); cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Hubner); and celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby), through analysis of pollen attached to their bodies. Pollen grain identification from 392 moths captured in southern Texas and southern Oklahoma showed that moths fed on a wide range of plants including Citrus, Salix, Quercus, and Pithecellobium. Such information provides insight on the feeding range of adults and aids in the selection of plants attractive to the adult, enabling isolation and identification of adult feeding attractants. Thirty percent of H. zea moths collected in southern Texas and 6% of those collected in southern Oklahoma were contaminated with Citrus pollen. Citrus is not native to Oklahoma, and associated weather systems and atmospheric trajectories strongly suggest that H. zea and T. ni moths labeled with Citrus pollen had moved at least 700 km northward from southern Texas. RP LINGREN, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP INSECT PESTS MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,ROUTE 5,BOX 808,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 30 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1429 EP 1439 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC440 UT WOS:A1993MC44000019 ER PT J AU STRONG, CA KOEHLER, PG PATTERSON, RS AF STRONG, CA KOEHLER, PG PATTERSON, RS TI ORAL TOXICITY AND REPELLENCY OF BORATES TO GERMAN COCKROACHES NDICTYOPTERA, BLATTELLIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLATTELLA-GERMANICA; BORATE TOXICITY; BORATE REPELLENCY ID DICTYOPTERA; ORTHOPTERA; HYDRAMETHYLNON; AMERICAN AB The oral toxicities of boric acid and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DSOBTH) in dry-mixed, wet-mixed, and water-based solution baits were determined for German cockroaches, Blattella germanica L., in choice and nonchoice experiments. In dry-mixed, nonchoice bait tests, all cockroaches died within 1 wk. Time to mortality decreased as the concentration of boric acid increased. The LT50s for DSOBTH were not significantly different for any concentrations tested. In choice tests, the order of LT50s of boric acid and DSOBTH were 6.25% = 12.5% > 25% = 50% and 25% > 12.5% > 50% > 25%, respectively. Consumption of treated and control baits and the differences between the LT50s of the nonchoice and choice tests indicate repellency of the toxicants. Most German cockroaches died in 3-6 d in wet-mixed nonchoice tests, but all cockroaches survived the wet-mixed choice tests except at the lowest concentration of boric acid. This result indicated repellency. In nonchoice tests with water-based solutions, all cockroaches died in 5 d. In choice tests with boric acid solutions, mortality did not increase at concentrations > 1%. Choice/nonchoice ratios indicate no repellency of water-based solutions. In addition, consumption of treated and blank solutions was not significantly different for any concentration except 4% DSOBTH. C1 USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1458 EP 1463 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC440 UT WOS:A1993MC44000023 PM 8254135 ER PT J AU THOMAS, DB AF THOMAS, DB TI FECUNDITY AND OVIPOSITION IN LABORATORY COLONIES OF THE SCREWWORM FLY (DIPTERA, CALLIPHORIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX; OVIPOSITION; LABORATORY ADAPTATION ID COCHLIOMYIA-HOMINIVORAX DIPTERA; REARED INSECTS; ERADICATION; GENETICS; BEHAVIOR; QUALITY; FLIES AB The screwworm fly is mass-produced using an artificial larval diet and an artificial oviposition substrate. On the artificial diet, mean fecundity was 185 eggs per female, whereas host-reared flies averaged 280 eggs per female. Host-reared flies were generally larger (head capsule width [HCW] > 3.6 mm) than laboratory-reared flies (HCW < 3.6 mm). Larger flies are generally more fecund, and size is related to larval nutrition. Only 75-89% of females reared on artificial diet and maintained at 30-degrees-C were gravid at 6 d of age compared with 100% of host-reared females tested at 5-6 d. When gravid females were offered artificial substrate for oviposition, almost-equal-to 28% failed to oviposit and another 11% laid only partial clutches. Among all females tested for oviposition, 25% of the total egg production was withheld. Fecundity influenced oviposition, because the more mature eggs a female had, the more likely she was to oviposit. Supplementing the adult diet of honey and water with raw meat increased fecundity by 14% under normal laboratory conditions, but by as much as 350% in flies in which larval feeding was curtailed by removal of the larvae from the media 1 d before the normal completion of development. Many females became gravid in 4-5 d at 30-degrees-C versus 8-9 d at 22-degrees-C. But fecundity and oviposition rate were more variable (less synchronous) in colonies maintained at the higher temperature. This suggests that there may be greater selection for laboratory adaptation at the higher maintenance temperatures. RP THOMAS, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1464 EP 1472 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC440 UT WOS:A1993MC44000024 PM 8254136 ER PT J AU THORPE, KW WEBB, RE RIDGWAY, RL VENABLES, L TATMAN, KM AF THORPE, KW WEBB, RE RIDGWAY, RL VENABLES, L TATMAN, KM TI STICKY BARRIER BANDS AFFECT DENSITY OF GYPSY-MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA, LYMANTRIIDAE) AND DAMAGE IN OAK CANOPIES SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; BARRIER BANDS; MECHANICAL CONTROL ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; DISPAR LEPIDOPTERA AB Sticky barrier bands made of duct tape and Tanglefoot were applied to only oak (Quercus spp.) trees in four wooded plots (0.14-0.25 ha) in 1990 and to all trees in five wooded plots (0.25 ha) in 1991. All plots with banded trees were paired with plots of equal size with no banded trees to test the effect of bands on population density of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), and damage to oak foliage. Late-instar population densities in the oak canopies of banded plots were 28% lower than those in unbanded plots. Defoliation, pupal numbers under burlap refugia, and the ratio of post-/pretreatment egg mass density were not significantly affected by banding. The number of egg masses deposited in the banded plots after the 1990 test was significantly higher than the number deposited in the unbanded plots. The inconsistent effect of barrier bands on defoliation indicates that these devices should not be relied upon to protect oak foliage from gypsy moths. RP THORPE, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BLDG 402,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1497 EP 1501 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC440 UT WOS:A1993MC44000028 ER PT J AU LOUIE, R ANDERSON, RJ AF LOUIE, R ANDERSON, RJ TI EVALUATION OF MAIZE CHLOROTIC DWARF VIRUS-RESISTANCE IN MAIZE WITH MULTIPLE INOCULATIONS BY GRAMINELLA-NIGRIFRONS (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GRAMINELLA-NIGRIFRONS; VIRUS VECTOR; HOST RESISTANCE EVALUATION ID ZEA-MAYS; DISEASES; STRAINS AB Disease escapes have hindered the progress of evaluation of maize, Zea mays L. subspp. mays, germ plasm for maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV) resistance. The behavior of the primary leafhopper vector, Graminella nigrifrons (Forbes), is the least controllable variable in the disease evaluation process. This variable was minimized in a compact, multiple-inoculation method in a growth chamber where maize seedlings (2-3 d old) were exposed to a different group of viruliferous leafhoppers at 2-d intervals over a 6-d period. The reactions of fourteen resistant maize inbreds and the standard susceptible inbred Oh28 were determined in three comparative tests between the previous single-inoculation method and this multiple-inoculation method. At 2 wk after inoculation, infections were >90% in most inbreds in the multiple-inoculation method. At 3 wk after inoculation (except for one plant in inbred Pall in one test), all plants were infected. In contrast, at 2 and 3 wk after inoculation in the single-inoculation method, MCDV infections averaged 78 and 82%, respectively. In all three tests, the mean percentage transmission at the second and third evaluation was greater in plants with the multiple-inoculation method. RP LOUIE, R (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,USDA ARS,CORN & SOYBEAN RES UNIT,WOOSTER,OH 44691, USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1579 EP 1583 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC440 UT WOS:A1993MC44000038 ER PT J AU SCHATZKI, TF WILSON, EK KITTO, GB BEHRENS, P HELLER, I AF SCHATZKI, TF WILSON, EK KITTO, GB BEHRENS, P HELLER, I TI DETERMINATION OF HIDDEN SITOPHILUS-GRANARIUS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) IN WHEAT BY MYOSIN ELISA SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SITOPHILUS-GRANARIUS; MYOSIN; IMMUNOASSAY ID INSECT AB The myosin content of wheat containing immature Sitophilus granarius (L.) was measured using a color-detected immobilized immunological assay (sandwich ELISA), calibrated with myosin extracted from Acheta domestica (L.) legs. The myosin was tested in blind tests as a function of insect count and insect stage in 50 g-wheat samples. Myosin content rose from 0.1 to 9.0 mug per insect from first to fourth instar, dropped to 1.9 mug per insect in the pupal stage, and rose to 6.6 mug per preemergent adult for an overall average of 5.5 mug per X-ray-detectable insect. This variation is similar to that noted previously for externally feeding immature insects. A background level equivalent to 6.8 mug per 50 g wheat was observed. This ELISA approach shows promise as a sensitive method for detecting hidden insects (immature insects developing within the kernel) in wheat at a level of interest for wheat acceptance at flour mills, approximately six insects per 50 g wheat, with a standard deviation of +/- 0.8 insects. C1 UNIV TEXAS,CTR BIOTECHNOL,AUSTIN,TX 78712. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP SCHATZKI, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,BERKELEY,CA 94710, USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1584 EP 1589 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC440 UT WOS:A1993MC44000039 ER PT J AU WEBSTER, JA PORTER, DR BAKER, CA MORNHINWEG, DW AF WEBSTER, JA PORTER, DR BAKER, CA MORNHINWEG, DW TI RESISTANCE TO RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) IN BARLEY - EFFECTS ON APHID FEEDING SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; BARLEY; PLANT RESISTANCE ID SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM HOMOPTERA; PROBING BEHAVIOR; 2 BIOTYPES; GREENBUG; FECUNDITY; GENOTYPES; SORGHUM AB The Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), is a serious new pest of barley, Hordeum vulgare L., throughout western North America. Feeding tests were conducted using electronic feeding monitors to determine the Russian wheat aphid resistance of four lines (CI 1412, PI 366444, PI 366450, and CIMMYT S13) compared with two susceptible cultivars, 'Wintermalt' and 'Morex'. Aphid weights, lengths, and honeydew production were determined for aphids that had fed on these lines. The most resistant lines were PI 366450 and CI 1412. Electronic feeding monitor tests showed that aphids feeding on PI 366450 did not readily locate the phloem. In addition, aphids feeding on PI 366450 for 7 d weighed less and were shorter than aphids feeding on the other barley entries. Aphids feeding on the resistant entries, except for CI 1412, produced significantly less honeydew than did aphids feeding on 'Wintermalt'. Information gained from these additional studies is valuable to barley breeders in their selection of appropriate resistant parents for plant germplasm enhancement programs. RP WEBSTER, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,1301 N WESTERN,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1603 EP 1608 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC440 UT WOS:A1993MC44000042 ER PT J AU KINDLER, SD JENSEN, KB SPRINGER, TL AF KINDLER, SD JENSEN, KB SPRINGER, TL TI AN OVERVIEW - RESISTANCE TO THE RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID (HOMOPTERA, APHIDIDAE) WITHIN THE PERENNIAL TRITICEAE SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; TRITICEAE; RESISTANCE ID ELYMUS; HYBRIDS; POACEAE AB Introgression of valua le gene(s) for insect resistance has been achieved bv interspecific hybridization between the perennial Triticeae species and the cultivated cereals. We relate Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), resistance to the newly defined and realigned genera of the perennial Triticeae based on genomic composition. Possible sources of Russian wheat aphid resistance in the perennial Triticeae are reported for the first time. We could not correlate the degree of Russian wheat aphid resistance with the genomic system of classification. However, genera within the tribe Triticeae can be loosely grouped into three categories: (1) moderately resistant: Leymus and Elytrigia; (2) tolerant to moderately suseeptible: Agropyron, Pseudoroegneria, Elymus, and Pascopyrum; and (3) susceptible: Hordeum and Thinopyrum. Within the tribe Triticeae, the genera Leymus and Elytrigia are the best sources of resistance. However, within each species, extensive variation for resistant types occurs. RP KINDLER, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI & WATER CONSERVAT LAB,1301 N WESTERN ST,STILLWATER,OK 74075, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1609 EP 1618 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC440 UT WOS:A1993MC44000043 ER PT J AU SMITH, JJ CAPUCO, AV MATHER, IH VONDERHAAR, BK AF SMITH, JJ CAPUCO, AV MATHER, IH VONDERHAAR, BK TI RUMINANTS EXPRESS A PROLACTIN RECEPTOR OF M(R) 33 000-36 000 IN THE MAMMARY-GLAND THROUGHOUT PREGNANCY AND LACTATION SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GROWTH-HORMONE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; LACTOGENIC HORMONES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; CLEAVED PROLACTIN; OVINE PROLACTIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; RAT PROLACTIN; 16K FORMS AB Developmental variation in the expression of the prolactin receptor in the ruminant mammary gland was investigated. Affinity chromatography revealed that bovine prolactin and human GH each bound to the same mammary gland proteins, yielding fractions enriched in binding activity and a protein of M(r) 36 000, assumed to be a bovine prolactin receptor. Affinity cross-linking of I-125-labelled human GH to mammary microsomes confirmed that the M(r) 36 000 protein was a bovine prolactin receptor. Binding assays of receptors in microsomes from the mammary tissue of cows and ewes at various stages of the lactational/reproductive cycle indicated developmental regulation of receptor concentration, but not receptor type, as no other bovine prolactin receptor type was detected by affinity cross-linking. These results suggest that differences in the response to prolactin in the mammary gland at various developmental stages in ruminants are not due to the expression of different forms of the prolactin receptor, and the lack of a prolactin effect on established lactation in ruminants is not due to the absence of the M(r) 36 000 form of the prolactin receptor. C1 USDA ARS,LPSI,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLL PK,MD 20742. NCI,TUMOR IMMUNOL & BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU J ENDOCRINOLOGY LTD PI BRISTOL PA 17/18 THE COURTYARD, WOODLANDS, ALMONDSBURY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS12 4NQ SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 139 IS 1 BP 37 EP 49 DI 10.1677/joe.0.1390037 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MH227 UT WOS:A1993MH22700005 PM 8254292 ER PT J AU ROGERS, CE MARTI, OG AF ROGERS, CE MARTI, OG TI MAINTENANCE OF AN ECTOPARASITIC NEMATODE, NOCTUIDONEMA GUYANENSE (NEMATODA, APHELENCHOIDIDAE), ON SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) MOTHS SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE FALL ARMYWORM; SPODOPTERA; NEMATODA; NOCTUIDONEMA RP ROGERS, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT BIOL & POPULAT MANAGEMENT RES LAB,POB 748,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 28 IS 4 BP 335 EP 337 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ML012 UT WOS:A1993ML01200004 ER PT J AU NORDLUND, DA AF NORDLUND, DA TI IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION SYSTEM FOR GREEN LACEWINGS - A HOT-MELT GLUE SYSTEM FOR PREPARATION OF LARVAL REARING UNITS SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note DE MASS REARING; REARING TECHNIQUES; CHRYSOPERLA RP NORDLUND, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SARL,BIOL CONTROL PESTS RES UNIT,2413 E HIGHWAY 83,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 28 IS 4 BP 338 EP 342 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ML012 UT WOS:A1993ML01200005 ER PT J AU HARRISON, WW HERBERT, DA HARDEE, DD AF HARRISON, WW HERBERT, DA HARDEE, DD TI EFFECT OF PARASITOID AND HOST AGE ON OVIPOSITION AND EMERGENCE OF MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) AN ENDOPARASITOID OF HELVICOVERPA ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOCTUIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; MICROPLITIS CROCEIPES; HELICOVERPA; ZEA; HELIOTHIS SPP.; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; CORN EARWORM ID HELIOTHIS-ZEA; VIRESCENS LEPIDOPTERA; INSECTICIDES; COTTON; MISSISSIPPI; INSTARS; PREFERENCE; RESIDUES; SURVIVAL; LARVAE AB The effect of parasitoid age and two instars of the host Helicoverpa tea (Boddie) were investigated for the endoparasitoid, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson). Third and fourth instars of H. zea. were exposed to three different age ranges (3 to 5, 6 to 8, and 12 to 15-d-old) of mated adult female M. croceipes. No significant differences were shown in rate of parasitism regardless of parasitoid age or host instar. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between parental age and adult wasp emergence, sex ratio, and number in pupal stage entering diapause. Six to 8-day-old parasitoids parasitizing third instar hosts yielded the highest percentage of adult emergence (47.5 +/- 14%; ($) over bar X +/- SD), the highest percentage of females (79%), and the lowest percentage (4.5 +/- 6%; ($) over bar X +/- S:D) entering diapause during the test. RP HARRISON, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO INSECT MANAGEMENT LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 28 IS 4 BP 343 EP 349 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ML012 UT WOS:A1993ML01200006 ER PT J AU THOMAS, DB AF THOMAS, DB TI SURVIVORSHIP OF THE PUPAL STAGES OF THE MEXICAN FRUIT-FLY ANASTREPHA LUDENS (LOEW) (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) IN AN AGRICULTURAL AND A NONAGRICULTURAL SITUATION SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MEXFLY; ANASTREPHA; PEROMYSCUS; MORTALITY; PREDATION; CITRUS AB Pupae of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (=mexfly), were placed outdoors at two localities in northeastern Mexico in order to measure mortality rates during this phase of the life cycle. Replicates were placed monthly in citrus orchards and in a montane canyon where native host plants supported wild mexfly populations. Replicates were placed in sheltered sites under trees and in exposed sites between trees. Adult flies emerged from 38% of these pupae. Deermice, Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque) and P. boylii (Baird), were found to destroy 34% of the total pupae. There was no difference in predation rates or adult eclosion between the orange grove and the montane canyon. There were significant (P = 0.05) differences in predation rates among months and in pupal survival between sheltered and exposed sites, with greatest survival of pupae in the sheltered sites during the summer months. Only weak correlations were found between monthly mortality rates and temperature and moisture extremes. The effects of weather variables were probably masked by the pattern of predation. In the native habitat variable predation rates seemed to result from natural cycles in the abundance of mice or from temporal shifts in their food supply. In the citrus orchard cultural practices such as irrigation and weed control displaced or reduced the rodent populations resulting in lower predation rates during some months. RP THOMAS, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 28 IS 4 BP 350 EP 362 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ML012 UT WOS:A1993ML01200007 ER PT J AU HANSEN, JD AF HANSEN, JD TI ACOUSTICAL DETECTION OF THE SWEET-POTATO WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) IN SWEET-POTATO SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ACOUSTICS; SOUND; DETECTION; SWEET POTATO; WEEVIL; CYLAS ID SYSTEM; LARVAE; GRAIN AB Ultrasensitive acoustical equipment was used to detect larvae of the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in the sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.). Methods of expressing results were evaluated with per cent audible as the best indicator of larval presence. Sound from moderately infested sweet potatoes (8 to 20 weevils/sweet potato) varied considerably even though infestation rates above 60 weevils/sweet potato resulted in sound throughout most of the observation period. Infested sweet potatoes were detectable after two weeks of weevil development; maximum values were observed a month after infestation. However, the substantial variation of the observation data precluded descriptive mathematical models based on infestation rate or weevil development. Disease processes also caused signals that were indistinguishable from those made by sweetpotato larvae. Other factors that influence detectability are also discussed. RP HANSEN, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP HORT RES STN,MIAMI,FL 33158, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 28 IS 4 BP 453 EP 461 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ML012 UT WOS:A1993ML01200018 ER PT J AU BURKART, MR KOLPIN, DW AF BURKART, MR KOLPIN, DW TI HYDROLOGIC AND LAND-USE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HERBICIDES AND NITRATE IN NEAR-SURFACE AQUIFERS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WATER; TRANSPORT; ZONE AB Selected herbicides, atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) metabolites, and NO3- were examined in near-surface unconsolidated and bedrock aquifers in the midcontinental USA to study the hydrogeologic, spatial, and seasonal distribution of these contaminants. Groundwater samples were collected from 303 wells during the spring and late summer of 1991. At least one herbicide or atrazine metabolite was detected in 24% of the samples collected for herbicide analysis (reporting limit 0.05 mug/L). No herbicide concentration exceeded the USEPA's maximum contaminant level (MCL) or health advisory level. The most frequently detected compound was the at razine metabolite deethylatrazine [2-amino-4-chloro-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] followed by atrazine, deisopropylatrazine [2-amino-4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine], prometon (2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methyoxy-s-triazine), metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1methylethyl)acetamide], alachlor 12-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide], metribuzin [4-amino-6-(tert-butyl)-3-methylthio-as-triazine-5(4H)-one], simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine], and cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropionitrile]. Nitrite plus nitrate, as nitrogen (N), exceeding 3.0 mg/L (excess NO3-), was found in 29% of the samples, and 6% had 3- exceeding the MCL of 10 mg/L. Ammonium as N was detected in excess of 0.01 mg/L in 78% of the samples. A nonlinear increase in the frequency of atrazine detection occurred with decreases in reporting limit. The frequency of atrazine residue detection (atrazine + deethylatrazine + deisopropylatrazine) was 25% greater than for atrazine alone. Herbicide detections and excess NO3- were notably lacking in the eastern part of the study region where it was estimated that herbicide and fertilizer use were among the largest in the region. Prometon, the second most frequently detected herbicide, was associated with non-agricultural land use. Herbicide and excess NO3- were more frequent in unconsolidated aquifers than in bedrock aquifers. Aquifer depth, as direct measurement of proximity to recharge sources, was inversely related to frequency of herbicide detection and excess NO3-. C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,IOWA CITY,IA 52244. RP BURKART, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 33 TC 141 Z9 145 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 4 BP 646 EP 656 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MG004 UT WOS:A1993MG00400002 ER PT J AU SHARPLEY, AN AF SHARPLEY, AN TI ESTIMATING PHOSPHORUS IN AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF AVAILABLE TO SEVERAL ALGAE USING IRON-OXIDE PAPER STRIPS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; EXTRACTION; SOILS AB The transport of bioavailable P (BAP) in agricultural runoff can stimulate freshwater eutrophication. Previous research has shown that the amount of P removed by Fe-oxide impregnated paper strips (Fe-oxide strips) is related to the growth of Selenastrum capricornutum in laboratory incubations. As only one algal type was used, additional assays were conducted to determine if Fe-oxide strips can estimate the potential bioavailability of P in runoff to Anabaena, Ankistrodesmus, and Euglena, which are common in eutrophic waters of the Southern Plains. Algal growth was related (P > 0.001) to the amount of P extracted from runoff sediment by Fe-oxide strips. For a given strip P content of runoff sediment, algal cell count increased in the order Anabaena, Euglena, Selenastrum, and Ankistrodesmus. Thus, the amount of P removed from runoff by Fe-oxide strips, estimates the BAP content of runoff that may be potentially available for uptake by several common freshwater algae. RP SHARPLEY, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 15 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 4 BP 678 EP 680 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MG004 UT WOS:A1993MG00400007 ER PT J AU BANUELOS, GS CARDON, G MACKEY, B BENASHER, J WU, L BEUSELINCK, P AKOHOUE, S ZAMBRZUSKI, S AF BANUELOS, GS CARDON, G MACKEY, B BENASHER, J WU, L BEUSELINCK, P AKOHOUE, S ZAMBRZUSKI, S TI BORON AND SELENIUM REMOVAL IN BORON-LADEN SOILS BY 4 SPRINKLER IRRIGATED PLANT-SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ACCUMULATION; TISSUE; SYSTEMS AB High concentrations of B and Se found in some arid environments are detrimental to sustainable agriculture. Vegetation management may be a remediation strategy designed to reduce soil B and Se concentrations to nontoxic levels. Two separate field experiments were conducted to study B and Se uptake in four different plant species grown in soil containing high concentrations of B (water-extractable B ranging from 1-10 mg kg-1 soil) and Se (total soil Se ranging from 0. 1-1.2 mg kg-1 soil). The four species were Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss (Indian mustard), Festuca arundinacea Schreb cv. Fawn (tall fescue), Lotus corniculatus L. (birdsfoot trefoil), and Hibiscus cannibinus L. (kenaf). In the 1990 experiment, there were no differences in either tissue B or Se concentrations among the species. The mean tissue concentration was 105 mg B kg-1 dry matter (DM) and 0.75 mg Se kg-1 DM, respectively. In the 1991 experiment, mean shoot tissue concentrations of B ranged from a low of % mg kg-1 DM in tall fescue to a high of 684 mg B kg-1 DM in leaves from kenaf. Indian mustard accumulated the greatest amount of Se (> 1 mg Se kg-1 DM), while the mean tissue concentration among the other three species was 0.36 mg Se kg-1 DM. For both experiments, soil samples were taken prior to planting and after harvest for each species to a depth of 0 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and analyzed for water-extractable B and total Se. Summary data from all species indicated that extractable soil B and total Se concentrations were reduced between 0- to 60-cm soil depth by 52 and 48% in 1990, and by 24 and 13% in 1991, respectively. Planting any of the four species tested in B-laden soils may lead to a reduction in both B and Se concentrations in the soil. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. USDA ARS,DEPT BIOMET,ALBANY,CA. BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. USDA ARS,PLANT GENET RES UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP BANUELOS, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS,WATER MANAGEMENT RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. RI Cardon, Grant/O-4863-2014 NR 45 TC 58 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 22 IS 4 BP 786 EP 792 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MG004 UT WOS:A1993MG00400021 ER PT J AU KINGAN, TG THOMASLAEMONT, PA RAINA, AK AF KINGAN, TG THOMASLAEMONT, PA RAINA, AK TI MALE ACCESSORY-GLAND FACTORS ELICIT CHANGE FROM VIRGIN TO MATED BEHAVIOR IN THE FEMALE CORN-EARWORM MOTH HELICOVERPA-ZEA SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSECT; REPRODUCTION; SEMINAL FLUIDS; MONOGAMY; MOTH; HELICOVERPA-ZEA ID SEX-PHEROMONE PRODUCTION; TOBACCO HAWK MOTH; BURSA COPULATRIX; EGG MATURATION; MANDUCA-SEXTA; HELIOTHIS-ZEA; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE; TITER; RECEPTIVITY AB After mating, the females of many species of moths become depleted of sex pheromone, calling behaviour is terminated, and they become transiently or permanently unreceptive to additional matings. In the corn earworm moth, Helicoverpa zea, we have found that the male accessory gland/duplex is required for evoking the post-mating depletion of sex pheromone but apparently not for the cessation of calling. The latter change requires the receipt of a spermatophore or a chemical messenger derived from non-accessory gland/duplex sources. Desalted extracts of combined accessory glands and duplexes caused a depletion of pheromone in injected females. Proteinaceous components in extracts purified by fractionation in cation-exchange cartridges and by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromotography retain their pheromonostatic activity. In addition, this fractionated material shuts off calling behaviour and prevents mating in injected females, raising the possibility that redundant mechanisms exist in eliciting the different components of 'mated' behaviour. RP KINGAN, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PSI,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BARC E BLDG 306,ROOM 322,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 44 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 5 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4DL SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 183 BP 61 EP 76 PG 16 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA MC977 UT WOS:A1993MC97700004 ER PT J AU THAYER, DW AF THAYER, DW TI EXTENDING SHELF-LIFE OF POULTRY AND RED MEAT BY IRRADIATION PROCESSING SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID DEBONED CHICKEN MEAT; LOW-DOSE IRRADIATION; GAMMA-RADIATION; PORK LOINS; MICROFLORA; SALMONELLA; QUALITY; RADURIZATION; TEMPERATURE; STORAGE AB Research has demonstrated that ionizing radiation can inactivate parasites, eliminate or greatly reduce the populations of microbial pathogens, and extend the shelf life while preserving the desired nutritional and sensory properties of refrigerated poultry and red meats. Foodborne pathogens can be greatly reduced in population and sometimes completely eliminated from foods by low doses of ionizing radiation. The shelf life of poultry, pork, and beef can be significantly extended by treatment with ionizing radiation. Combination treatments with vacuum packaging or modified atmosphere packaging and ionizing radiation have produced better than predicted results. Additional research is needed on the combined processes. RP THAYER, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 45 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 56 IS 10 BP 831 EP 833 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA MB545 UT WOS:A1993MB54500001 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, JL LATTUADA, CP AF JOHNSON, JL LATTUADA, CP TI COMPARISON OF NUCLEIC-ACID HYBRIDIZATION ASSAYS AND BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION TESTS FOR THE CONFIRMATION OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOCOMPROMISED MICE; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; CAMP REACTION; PATHOGENICITY; IDENTIFICATION; VIRULENCE; STRAINS; PROBE; GENE AB A comparison was made of various biochemical and nucleic acid hybridization assays used for the confirmation of Listeria monocytogenes. Identification and confirmation tests included traditional carbohydrate utilization tests, several types of hemolysis assays, an immunocompromised mouse-pathogenicity test, the API(R) LISTERIA identification system, the Biolog GP MicroPlate(TM), a prototype Biolog Listeria MicroPlate(TM), and two nucleic acid hybridization assays (a slot-blot assay and the commercially available AccuProbe(TM) L. monocytogenes culture confirmation test). A panel of 44 Listeria isolates, including representatives from all six existing Listeria species, was tested. A considerable number of the L. monocytogenes isolates tested gave ambiguous reactions on the CAMP-hemolysis assay. In many instances, the Biolog GP MicroPlate(TM) was unable to differentiate L. monocytogenes from other Listeria species. Reactions on the prototype Listeria MicroPlate(TM) mirrored those of traditional biochemical tests, but additional analyses were necessary to differentiate between L. monocytogenes and Listeria innocua. The API(R) LISTERIA identification system could readily differentiate between the latter two Listeria species without the need for additional tests. Atypical L. monocytogenes isolates (nonhemolytic and nonpathogenic or hemolytic and nonpathogenic) were correctly identified by the API(R) LISTERIA system. A perfect correlation was observed between results from the slot-blot format hybridization assay and the AccuProbe(TM) test. The probes used in the two assays hybridized with all L. monocytogenes isolates, regardless of hemolytic reaction or mouse pathogenicity. The commercially available assays examined in this study were all easy to use and capable of providing results within 24 hours. RP JOHNSON, JL (reprint author), USDA,DIV MICROBIOL,FOOD MICROBIOL BRANCH,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,BLDG 322,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 56 IS 10 BP 834 EP 840 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA MB545 UT WOS:A1993MB54500002 ER PT J AU LIU, J STEVENS, C KHAN, VA LU, JY WILSON, CL ADEYEYE, O KABWE, MK PUSEY, PL CHALUTZ, E SULTANA, T DROBY, S AF LIU, J STEVENS, C KHAN, VA LU, JY WILSON, CL ADEYEYE, O KABWE, MK PUSEY, PL CHALUTZ, E SULTANA, T DROBY, S TI APPLICATION OF ULTRAVIOLET-C LIGHT ON STORAGE ROTS AND RIPENING OF TOMATOES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article AB The application of ultraviolet light (UV-C, 254 nm) hormesis on fruits and vegetables to stimulate beneficial responses is a new method for controlling storage rots and extending the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables. The present study was aimed at treating tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) with different UV-C dosages (1.3 to 40 KJ/m2) to induce resistance to black mold (Alternaria alternata), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), and Rhizopus soft rot (Rhizopus stolonifer). These diseases were effectively reduced when tomatoes were inoculated following UV-C irradiation. UV-C treated tomatoes were firmer in texture and less red in color than the control tomatoes, indicating a delay in ripening. Slower ripening and resistance to storage rots of tomatoes are probably related. The positive effect of UV-C on tomatoes decreased as treatments were performed at stages of increased ripeness. C1 USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. USDA ARS,FRUIT & NUT RES STN,BYRON,GA 31008. ARO,VOLCANI CTR,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. RP LIU, J (reprint author), TUSKEGEE UNIV,GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER AGR EXPT STN,TUSKEGEE,AL 36088, USA. NR 18 TC 89 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 13 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 56 IS 10 BP 868 EP 872 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA MB545 UT WOS:A1993MB54500008 ER PT J AU DERR, DD AF DERR, DD TI INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY STATUS AND HARMONIZATION OF FOOD IRRADIATION SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article AB U.S. regulatory officials and some consumer advocates, academicians, media, and industry representatives share the opinion that radiation processing may be a solution to food safety and agricultural protection problems that now exist throughout the world. The status of existing regulations and new regulations being developed by U.S. regulatory agencies and being petitioned by industry groups is discussed and compared with regulations in other countries. Renewed interest on the part of the U.S. Army in using irradiated foods in many of their rations is reviewed. The status of demonstration irradiation facilities sponsored by the Department of Energy is outlined. Comments on harmonization of radiation process controls, dosimetry standards, and other practices that are important aspects of international trade in irradiated foods are provided. RP DERR, DD (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,300 12TH STREET SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 56 IS 10 BP 882 EP 886 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA MB545 UT WOS:A1993MB54500012 ER PT J AU HINESWARD, G JOKELA, E STARR, L HINOTE, H OHARA, KL WOMBLE, P AF HINESWARD, G JOKELA, E STARR, L HINOTE, H OHARA, KL WOMBLE, P TI COOPERATIVE MODELS - EDUCATING LANDOWNERS, MANAGERS, AND THE PUBLIC SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Discussion C1 UNIV FLORIDA,CRIFF,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. BLUE MT NAT RESOURCES INST,LA GRANDE,OR 97850. UNIV MONTANA,DEPT FORESTRY,MISSOULA,MT 59812. US FOREST SERV,MISSOULA,MT. WOMBLE CORP,BELLEVUE,WA 98005. RP HINESWARD, G (reprint author), LAND BETWEEN LAKES,100 VAN MORGAN DR,GOLDEN POND,KY 42211, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 91 IS 10 BP 28 EP 30 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA LZ699 UT WOS:A1993LZ69900020 ER PT J AU HORNBECK, JW ADAMS, MB CORBETT, ES VERRY, ES LYNCH, JA AF HORNBECK, JW ADAMS, MB CORBETT, ES VERRY, ES LYNCH, JA TI LONG-TERM IMPACTS OF FOREST TREATMENTS ON WATER YIELD - A SUMMARY FOR NORTHEASTERN USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON FOREST HYDROLOGY : WATER ISSUES IN FORESTS TODAY CY NOV 22-26, 1993 CL CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA ID MANAGEMENT AB Long-term changes in annual water yield are summarized and compared for 11 catchment studies in the northeastern USA. Substantial increases in water yield of up to 350 mm year-1 were obtained in the first year by clearing forest vegetation and controlling regrowth with herbicides. Commercial clearcutting with natural regrowth resulted in initial increases in water yield of 110-250 mm year-1. This range in response was due to differences in precipitation and configuration of cuttings. Unless regrowth was controlled with herbicides, yield increases declined quickly after cutting, seldom persisting for more than 10 years. However, yield increases were readily extended over 20 years or more with intermediate cuttings and/or repeated control of regrowth with herbicides. Nearly all increases in water yield occur during the growing season as augmentation of baseflow. Changes in species composition after forest cutting on several study catchments eventually resulted in decreased water yields compared with those from uncut, control catchments. Results are discussed in terms of implications for surface water supplies, global climate change, nutrient cycling, hydrological modeling, and long-term research. C1 US FOREST SERV,PARSONS,WV 26287. US FOREST SERV,UNIV PK,PA 16802. USDA FOREST SERV,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744. PENN STATE UNIV,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP HORNBECK, JW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,POB 640,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. NR 30 TC 151 Z9 162 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT 1 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 2-4 BP 323 EP 344 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(93)90115-P PG 22 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MC281 UT WOS:A1993MC28100006 ER PT J AU ADAMS, MB EDWARDS, PJ WOOD, F KOCHENDERFER, JN AF ADAMS, MB EDWARDS, PJ WOOD, F KOCHENDERFER, JN TI ARTIFICIAL WATERSHED ACIDIFICATION ON THE FERNOW EXPERIMENTAL FOREST, USA SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON FOREST HYDROLOGY : WATER ISSUES IN FORESTS TODAY CY NOV 22-26, 1993 CL CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA ID ECOSYSTEMS AB A whole-watershed manipulation project was begun on the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, USA, in 1987, with the objective of increasing understanding of the effects of acidic deposition on forest ecosystems. Two treatment watersheds (WS9 and WS3) and one control watershed (WS4) were included. Treatments were twice-ambient N and S deposition, applied via NH4SO4 fertilizer, with three applications per year. Three years of pretreatment data were collected and used for calibration. Stream water chemistry data collected during 3 years of treatment were evaluated. Stream water pH and electrical conductivity were not significantly affected by the elevated N and S inputs on either treatment watershed. On WS9, there were no statistically significant treatment effects on stream water export of Ca, SO4, or NO3. On WS3, however, stream export of both NO3 and Ca have increased as a result of acidification treatments. The implications of these results are discussed. Research is continuing so that the processes involved may be elucidated. In addition, effects on vegetation, aquatic invertebrates and amphibians also are being evaluated. RP ADAMS, MB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,TIMBER & WATERSHED LAB,PARSONS,WV 26287, USA. NR 21 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD OCT 1 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 2-4 BP 505 EP 519 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(93)90123-Q PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA MC281 UT WOS:A1993MC28100014 ER PT J AU COHEN, AC AF COHEN, AC TI ORGANIZATION OF DIGESTION AND PRELIMINARY CHARACTERIZATION OF SALIVARY TRYPSIN-LIKE ENZYMES IN A PREDACEOUS HETEROPTERAN, ZELUS-RENARDII SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PROTEINASE; ENDOPEPTIDASE; EXOPEPTIDASE; PRE-ORAL DIGESTION; REDUVIIDAE ID LYGUS-RUGULIPENNIS HEMIPTERA; PROLIXUS-STAL HEMIPTERA; POSTERIOR MIDGUT; PROTEINASE; REDUVIIDAE; RHODNIUS; CONSUMPTION; PREDATOR; INSECTS; MIRIDAE AB Salivary and intestinal proteolytic enzymes were studied in the predaceous heteropteran, Zelus renardii. Proteinases from Z. renardii's salivary gland complex (SGC), anterior midgut (AMG) and posterior midgut (PMG) were studied with hemoglobin, BApNA, BTNA, HPLA, HA and LPNA used as substrates. The SGC was shown to be an important source of general proteinase and endopeptidase activity, but exopeptidase activity (LPNA, HPLA and HA hydrolysis) was limited to the AMG and PMG. The AMG was also a source of considerable endopeptidase activity. Hemoglobin or BApNA hydrolysis occurred at a broad range of temperatures and pH with most activity observed at 35-45-degrees-C and at pH 7.0-8.5. The pH of the prey increased, as it was being pre-orally digested. The salivary trypsin-like enzyme had a molecular weight of approx. 27 kDa and eluted as two major activity peaks from an ion exchange column. BApNA hydrolysis was inhibited by soy proteinase inhibitor. Digestion, with respect to protein hydrolysis, is organized into an orderly and highly efficient process, differing greatly from that of hematophagous reduviids, beginning with pre-oral digestion of the prey's internal structures whose liquefaction permits ingestion and further digestive processing of prey within the predator's gut. RP COHEN, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 BROADWAY,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 32 TC 77 Z9 114 U1 5 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 39 IS 10 BP 823 EP 829 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(93)90114-7 PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA MA458 UT WOS:A1993MA45800004 ER PT J AU ADAMS, TS GERST, JW AF ADAMS, TS GERST, JW TI EFFECT OF DIET ON VITELLOGENIN, VITELLIN AND ECDYSTEROID LEVELS DURING THE 2ND CYCLE OF OOGENESIS IN THE HOUSEFLY, MUSCA-DOMESTICA SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE OVIPOSITION; DIET SELECTION; EGG DEVELOPMENT NEUROSECRETORY HORMONE; GUT FACTOR ID CARDIACUM ALLATUM COMPLEX; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; OVARIAN MATURATION; JUVENILE-HORMONE; FAT-BODY; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; NUTRITION AB Both ecdysteroid and vitellogenin exhibited peak levels of approx. 35 pg/mul and approx. 30 mug/mul, respectively, 12-24 h after oviposition when females were provided a complete diet during the first and second gonotrophic cycle. However, ecdysteroid and vitellogenin levels did not exceed 15 pg/mul and 12 mug/mul, respectively, in flies that were fed sucrose after oviposition. Nutritionally deprived flies that were fed the complete diet for 4 h after oviposition had a maximum ecdysteroid concentration of 18 pg/mul and vitellogenin levels of 14 mug/mul. Furthermore, these nutritionally deprived flies had lower haemolymph non-specific protein levels, and retarded ovarian development when compared with those given free access to the complete diet. This suggests that feeding on a nutritionally adequate diet provided materials that were required for steroidogenesis and vitellogenesis. Oviposition released a specific behaviour that caused houseflies to select the complete diet over sucrose. This selection and subsequent feeding coordinated endocrine events and provided the nutritional requirements that were necessary for the development of the second cycle of eggs. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,FARGO,ND 58105. RP ADAMS, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58101, USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 39 IS 10 BP 835 EP 843 DI 10.1016/0022-1910(93)90116-9 PG 9 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA MA458 UT WOS:A1993MA45800006 ER PT J AU FAYER, R ELLIS, W AF FAYER, R ELLIS, W TI PAROMOMYCIN IS EFFECTIVE AS PROPHYLAXIS FOR CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN DAIRY CALVES SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Of 16 experimentally infected neonatal dairy calves. 12 were fed paromomycin twice daily in their milk for 11 consecutive days beginning 1 day before oral inoculation with 1.5-2.0 x 10(6) oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum. Four calves each in groups A, B, C, and D received total daily doses of 100. 50, 25, and 0 mg of paromomycin per kilogram of body weight, respectively. From birth until 28 days of age feces from each calf were examined for diarrhea, and oocysts were enumerated, rectal temperature was recorded, and weight gain was determined. Total days of diarrhea, severity of diarrhea, the total number of days oocysts were shed, and the number of oocysts shed were significantly less in group A than in the un medicated group D. The severity of diarrhea was also significantly less in groups B and C than in group D. Oocysts were not detected in feces from calves in group A. Except for 1 calf, oocysts were not detected from calves in groups B and C during the first week the drug was administered and those calves that shed oocysts began shedding at or near the end of paromomycin administration or more than 1 wk after treatment ended. Frequency of fever and weight gains did not vary significantly between the unmedicated and medicated groups except for group C, calves of which gained significantly less weight than those in all other groups. RP FAYER, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 79 IS 5 BP 771 EP 774 DI 10.2307/3283619 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA ME832 UT WOS:A1993ME83200024 PM 8410552 ER PT J AU TROUT, JM LILLEHOJ, HS AF TROUT, JM LILLEHOJ, HS TI EVIDENCE OF A ROLE FOR INTESTINAL CD8+ LYMPHOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES IN TRANSPORT OF EIMERIA-ACERVULINA SPOROZOITES SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID CHICKEN AB The objective of this study was to identify host immune cells interacting with Eimeria sporozoites in the intestine. One-week-old SC strain chickens were infected with 2 x 10(7) sporulated Eimeria acervulina oocysts. Twenty-four hours postinfection, duodenal sections were removed, imbedded in Tissue-Tek(R) compound, and frozen. After sectioning, tissues were stained with monoclonal antibodies to identify CD4+, CD8+, Ig+, and Bula+ lymphocytes, macrophages, and sporozoites; 28% of the sporozoites were in CD8+ cells, 28% in macrophages, and 12% in CD4+ cells. Sporozoites were not seen in Ig+ or Bula+ cells. These findings suggest that sporozoite transport most likely occurs in T lymphocytes and macrophages. RP TROUT, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PROTOZOAN DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 7 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 79 IS 5 BP 790 EP 792 DI 10.2307/3283625 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA ME832 UT WOS:A1993ME83200030 PM 8105047 ER PT J AU MAKKOUK, KM HSU, HT KUMARI, SG AF MAKKOUK, KM HSU, HT KUMARI, SG TI DETECTION OF 3 PLANT-VIRUSES BY DOT-BLOT AND TISSUE-BLOT IMMUNOASSAYS USING CHEMILUMINESCENT AND CHROMOGENIC SUBSTRATES SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID DNA AB Detection of bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) and lily symptomless virus (LSV) by dot-blot and tissue-blot immunoenzymatic assay was compared by using either chromogenic or chemiluminescent substrates. Testing was conducted on infected-leaf extracts and on purified virus preparations. Both types of substrates gave comparable results with leaf extracts. However, with purified virus, the use of chemiluminescent substrates led to a more sensitive detection of the three viruses. C1 USDA ARS,BARC,FLORIST & NURSERY CORP LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. RP MAKKOUK, KM (reprint author), INT CTR AGR RES DRY AREAS,VIROL LAB,GENET RESOURCES UNIT,POB 5466,ALEPPO,SYRIA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol.-Phytopathol. Z. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 139 IS 2 BP 97 EP 102 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.1993.tb01405.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MJ551 UT WOS:A1993MJ55100001 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, S BURFISHER, ME HINOJOSAOJEDA, R THIERFELDER, KE AF ROBINSON, S BURFISHER, ME HINOJOSAOJEDA, R THIERFELDER, KE TI AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AND MIGRATION IN A UNITED-STATES-MEXICO FREE-TRADE AREA - A COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM-ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF POLICY MODELING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5TH TASK FORCE MEETING ON APPLIED GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELING CY AUG, 1991 CL INT INST APPL SYST ANAL, LAXENBURG, AUSTRIA HO INT INST APPL SYST ANAL ID MODELS AB A United States-Mexico agreement to form a free trade area (FTA) is analyzed using an 11-sector, three-country, computable general equilibrium model that explicitly models farm programs and labor migration. The model incorporates both rural-urban migration within Mexico and international migration between Mexico and the United States. In the model, sectoral import demands are specified with a flexible functional form, an empirical improvement over earlier specifications, which use a constant elasticity of substitution function. Using the model, we identify trade-offs among bilateral trade growth, labor migration, and agricultural program expenditures under alternative FTA scenarios. Trade liberalization in agriculture greatly increases rural-urban migration within Mexico and migration from Mexico to the United States. Migration is reduced if Mexico grows relative to the United States and also if Mexico retains farm support programs. However, the more support that is provided to the Mexican agricultural sector, the smaller is bilateral trade growth. The results indicate a policy trade-off between rapidly achieving gains from trade liberalization and providing a transition period long enough to assimilate displaced labor in Mexico without undue strain. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. USN ACAD,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21402. USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP ROBINSON, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT AGR & RESOURCE ECON,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0161-8938 J9 J POLICY MODEL JI J. Policy Model. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 15 IS 5-6 BP 673 EP 701 DI 10.1016/0161-8938(93)90009-F PG 29 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA LZ733 UT WOS:A1993LZ73300009 ER PT J AU LEMUNYON, JL GILBERT, RG AF LEMUNYON, JL GILBERT, RG TI THE CONCEPT AND NEED FOR A PHOSPHORUS ASSESSMENT-TOOL SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Assessment of Political Phosphorous Losses from a Field Site, at the 1992 ASA/CSSA/SSSA Annual Meeting CY NOV 04, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP AMER SOC AGRON, CROP SCI SOC AMER, SOIL SOC AMER AB Nonpoint sources of P leaving the agricultural landscape can cause eutrophication of surface water and the associated growth of undesirable aquatic plants. USDA is developing an indexing procedure for identifying soils, landforms, and management practices that could have unfavorable impacts on water bodies because of P movement. This indexing procedure uses the characteristic of the field site, including soil erosion rates, runoff, available P soil test levels, and fertilizer and organic P application rates and methods to assess the degree of vulnerability of P movement from the site. A weighting procedure has been developed to include the various contributions each site characteristic may have. A summation of the products of the weighted site characteristic yields a site vulnerability rating. An assessment tool using the Phosphorus Index will assist field staff working with landusers to identify sensitive areas and recommend management alternatives to reduce risk of P losses. RP LEMUNYON, JL (reprint author), USDA,SCS,POB 6567,FT WORTH,TX 76115, USA. NR 0 TC 290 Z9 321 U1 4 U2 53 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 6 IS 4 BP 483 EP 486 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MW724 UT WOS:A1993MW72400002 ER PT J AU SHARPLEY, AN DANIEL, TC EDWARDS, DR AF SHARPLEY, AN DANIEL, TC EDWARDS, DR TI PHOSPHORUS MOVEMENT IN THE LANDSCAPE SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Assessment of Political Phosphorous Losses from a Field Site, at the 1992 ASA/CSSA/SSSA Annual Meeting CY NOV 04, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP AMER SOC AGRON, CROP SCI SOC AMER, SOIL SOC AMER AB Phosphorus movement in runoff often promotes algal growth in lakes. Thus, agricultural soils and management practices that enhance the potential for P movement must be identified. The main factors controlling P movement are transport (runoff and erosion potential) and source factors (surface soil P and method, rate, and timing of fertilizer and animal manure applications). Implementation of management that minimizes runoff and erosion will reduce P transport in runoff, although total algal availability can increase. The continued application of P has increased surface soil test P contents in excess of levels sufficient for optimum crop yields. Although increases in soil P have been related to P enrichment of runoff in plot and watershed studies, information for given management systems still is needed to reliably quantify critical soil B levels above which excessive P enrichment of runoff will occur. Clearly, P applications must be carefully managed, in addition to minimizing transport potential, to efficiently reduce P movement in landscapes. This may be achieved with regular soil testing, P incorporation, application during times of low runoff probability, and irrigation management. RP SHARPLEY, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL AGR WATER QUAL LAB,POB 1430,DURANT,OK 74702, USA. NR 0 TC 143 Z9 152 U1 8 U2 31 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 6 IS 4 BP 492 EP 500 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MW724 UT WOS:A1993MW72400004 ER PT J AU TRUMAN, CC GASCHO, GJ DAVIS, JG WAUCHOPE, RD AF TRUMAN, CC GASCHO, GJ DAVIS, JG WAUCHOPE, RD TI SEASONAL PHOSPHORUS LOSSES IN RUNOFF FROM A COASTAL-PLAIN SOIL SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Assessment of Political Phosphorous Losses from a Field Site, at the 1992 ASA/CSSA/SSSA Annual Meeting CY NOV 04, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP AMER SOC AGRON, CROP SCI SOC AMER, SOIL SOC AMER AB Nutrients from agricultural fields can contaminate runoff and groundwater and enhance eutrophication. Runoff, soil loss, soluble P (SP), and bioavailable P (BP) associated with runoff and soil loss were measured from six 2 h simulated rainfall events (1 in./h) to determine amount of P transported during a corn (Zea mays L.) growing season and to develop relationships that predict P amounts and forms leaving different size field plots. Two 60-sq-ft microplots and two 6500-sq-ft mesoplots (3% slope) were located on a Tifton loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Plinthic Kandiudult). Phosphorus was broadcast at 31 Ib P/acre, then incorporated to a depth of 6 in. Corn (conventional tillage) was planted after fertilizer application. Six simulated rainfall events occurred 5 d before and 1, 14, 29, 49, and 108 d after fertilizer application. Total runoff and sediment yield from events 3 to 6 generally decreased with time for all plots. Microplot runoff for each event was greater than that from mesoplots. Microplot soil loss was greater than that from mesoplots for events 3 and 4, but less for events 5 and 6. Runoff from mesoplots ranged from 0.14 to 0.65 in. and total soil loss ranged from 136 to 1097 lb/acre, whereas total runoff from microplots ranged from 0.30 to 0.91 in. and total soil loss ranged from 152 to 2820 lb/acre. For the five events after fertilization, SP losses decreased with days since fertilization, and were greatest 1 d after fertilizer application (0.70-0.99 Ib P/acre-129-181 g P/ha). Similar trends were obtained for microplots (event 2 SP losses were 1.21-1.56 Ib P/acre-222-287 g P/ha). Total BP, (1.22 Ib P/acre-225 g P/ha) and BP (1.51-1.56 Ib P/acre-277-286 g P/ha) losses from mesoplots were greatest 14 d after fertilization. Microplot BPe values decreased with time, and BP values for events 2 to 6 decreased with time. Microplot BP values were greatest for event 2 (1.89-2.64 Ib P/acre-347-485 g P/ha). Mesoplot SP losses from each event were related to days since fertilization and runoff volume for each event, whereas total BPE and BP losses for mesoplots were related to days since fertilization and total soil loss. Similar relationships were found for microplots. The P index (PI) was developed to identify site characteristics that may influence P movement. The PI for this site fell into the medium site vulnerability class, and was dominated by the soil P test category. The medium site vulnerability class seemed to underestimate the total BP losses from the six rainfall events. RP TRUMAN, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE WATERSHED RES LAB,POB 946,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. RI Davis, Jessica/C-1903-2013 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 6 IS 4 BP 507 EP 513 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MW724 UT WOS:A1993MW72400006 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, MJ CHAMBLISS, CG BROLMANN, JB AF WILLIAMS, MJ CHAMBLISS, CG BROLMANN, JB TI POTENTIAL OF SAVANNA STYLO AS A STOCKPILED FORAGE FOR THE SUBTROPICAL USA SO JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article AB Most tropical grasses are nutritionally inadequate during the fall to support weight gains in replacement heifers. The objective of this study was to determine how the newly developed, perennial tropical legume, 'Savanna' style [Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw.] PI 562697, when grown as an annual, would compare with the true annuals, alyceclover [Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC] and hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta L,), as a stockpiled forage for the fall. Savanna, common alyceclover, and 'Flamingo' hairy indigo were planted in a replicated field trial in June 1989 and 1990. Growth rate (lb/sq yd/d), dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP), and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were determined for each legume in August, September, October, and November of each year. At the August harvest in both years, DM yield of Savanna (less than or equal to 1 ton/acre) was lower (P < 0.05) than the annual legumes, but by October or November of both years, DM yield of Savanna (2-3 tons/acre) was equal to or better than (P < 0.05) the annual legumes. Early season (planting to August) growth rate of Savanna (0.0045 lb/sq yd/d) was one-third to one-half that of alyceclover (0.0125 lb/sq yd/d) or hairy indigo (0.0093 lb/sq yd/d). Growth rate of Savanna was equal to or better than the annual legumes at all subsequent harvest dates, particularly when they started to flower (September for alyceclover and October for hairy indigo). At all harvest dates in both years, CP (10-17.1%) and IVOMD (68.9-51.5%) of Savanna was equal to or better than (P < 0.05) either annual legume. Our results suggest that Savanna style could be useful for replacement heifer development programs when grown as an annual for fall-stockpiled management systems. RP WILLIAMS, MJ (reprint author), US ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34605, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0890-8524 J9 J PROD AGRIC JI J. Prod. Agric. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 6 IS 4 BP 553 EP 556 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MW724 UT WOS:A1993MW72400013 ER PT J AU MCLAIN, TE SOLTIS, LA POLLOCK, DG WILKINSON, TL AF MCLAIN, TE SOLTIS, LA POLLOCK, DG WILKINSON, TL TI LRFD FOR ENGINEERED WOOD STRUCTURES - CONNECTION BEHAVIORAL EQUATIONS SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID STRENGTH AB A new design specification for engineered wood structures has been proposed in load and resistance factor design (LRFD) format. This paper provides an overview of the proposed LRFD connections design criteria. he connections design provisions are, in part, calibrated from allowable stress design provisions. Major changes from historic practice, however, result from a change in behavioral equations to a theoretical base for predicting the lateral strength of connections using bolts, screws, and nails. New provisions for axial withdrawal of driven and turned fasteners, as well as combined axial and lateral loading criteria are also proposed. Safety levels were calibrated to historic practice, but some change in design capacity is expected due to format change, conversion to new behavioral equations, and the selection of a calibration point. The LRFD document contains substantial improvement in code clarity, simplification, and structure over the historic allowable stress specification. A clear mechanism for including design with new wood-based engineering materials is provided. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. AM FOREST & PAPER ASSOC,WASHINGTON,DC 20036. RP MCLAIN, TE (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST PROD,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD OCT PY 1993 VL 119 IS 10 BP 3024 EP 3038 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:10(3024) PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA LZ150 UT WOS:A1993LZ15000013 ER PT J AU SCHOLNICK, F KRONICK, PL KOMANOWSKY, M LIAO, LL AF SCHOLNICK, F KRONICK, PL KOMANOWSKY, M LIAO, LL TI USE OF POLY(VINYL STEARATE) FOR FATLIQUORING SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Vinyl stearate, a commercially available monomer, was used as a model compound for studying polymeric fatliquoring agents. It was readily polymerized in emulsion by free radical initiation in the presence of retanned, non-fatliquored blue stock. The product showed improvement in mechanical properties such as a 65% increase in elongation at failure and a 75% increase in energy to break with no loss in tensile strength. In addition, improved water repellency and resistance to water penetration were noted as the amount of vinyl stearate offered was increased. RP SCHOLNICK, F (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 88 IS 10 BP 353 EP 357 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA NW359 UT WOS:A1993NW35900001 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, MM DIEFENDORF, EJ THOMPSON, CJ BROWN, EM MARMER, WN AF TAYLOR, MM DIEFENDORF, EJ THOMPSON, CJ BROWN, EM MARMER, WN TI EFFECT OF PROCESSING VARIABLES ON ASH CONTENT OF GELABLE AND HYDROLYZED PROTEIN PRODUCTS ISOLATED FROM TREATMENT OF CHROMIUM LEATHER WASTE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WET PROCESS TECHNOLOGY; SHAVINGS AB Enzymic processing of chromium-containing leather waste is an alternative to dumping in landfills. In prior research, we demonstrated that chrome shavings as well as chrome splits and trimmings may be hydrolyzed enzymically. In our new two step process chrome shavings were treated under alkaline conditions to obtain a high-value, high molecular weight gelable protein fraction, then the sludge that remained was treated enzymically to isolate a hydrolyzed protein fraction with 10,000-20,000 molecular weight distribution, and a recyclable chromium cake. Because there is concern that the character and quantity of the ash in the protein products would have an adverse effect on marketing of these products, we investigated the use of different proportions of alkaline agents, i.e., magnesium oxide with varying amounts of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate. Increasing proportions of magnesium oxide resulted in lower ash content. Further reduction in ash content was achieved by use of ion-exchange resins. Finally, since it is imperative that the chrome cake that is being recovered can be recycled, a chemical treatment was developed in which the chrome cake is dissolved in acid and the extraneous materials are eliminated by precipitation with base. RP TAYLOR, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 88 IS 10 BP 358 EP 367 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA NW359 UT WOS:A1993NW35900002 ER PT J AU WARNER, K MOUNTS, TL AF WARNER, K MOUNTS, TL TI FRYING STABILITY OF SOYBEAN AND CANOLA OILS WITH MODIFIED FATTY-ACID COMPOSITIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE CANOLA OIL; FLAVOR; FREE FATTY ACIDS; FRYING; LOW-ERUCIC ACID RAPESEED OIL; OILS; POLAR COMPOUNDS; SENSORY; SOYBEAN OIL ID ROOM ODOR; HYDROGENATION; QUALITY AB Pilot plant-processed samples of soybean and canola (low-erucic acid rapeseed) oil with fatty acid compositions modified by mutation breeding and/or hydrogenation were evaluated for frying stability. Linolenic acid contents were 6.2% for standard soybean oil, 3.7% for low-linolenic soybean oil and 0.4% for the hydrogenated low-linolenic soybean oil. The linolenic acid contents were 10.1% for standard canola oil, 1.7% for canola modified by breeding and 0.8% and 0.6% for oils modified by breeding and hydrogenation. All modified oils had significantly (P < 0.05) less room odor intensity after initial heating tests at 190-degrees-C than the standard oils, as judged by a sensory panel. Panelists also judged standard oils to have significantly higher intensities for fishy, burnt, rubbery, smoky and acrid odors than the modified oils. Free fatty acids, polar compounds and foam heights during frying were significantly (P < 0.05) less in the low-linolenic soy and canola oils than the corresponding unmodified oils after 5 h of frying. The flavor quality of french-fried potatoes was significantly (P < 0.05) better for potatoes fried in modified oils than those fried in standard oils. The potatoes fried in standard canola oil were described by the sensory panel as fishy. C1 USDA ARS,NCAUR,FOOD QUAL & SAFETY RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 18 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 10 BP 983 EP 988 DI 10.1007/BF02543024 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MA591 UT WOS:A1993MA59100007 ER PT J AU SONNET, PE FOGLIA, TA BAILLARGEON, MW AF SONNET, PE FOGLIA, TA BAILLARGEON, MW TI FATTY-ACID SELECTIVITY - THE SELECTIVITY OF LIPASES OF GEOTRICHUM-CANDIDUM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Note DE ESTERIFICATION; FATTY ACID SELECTIVITY; GEOTRICHUM-CANDIDUM; LIPASES ID SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITIES; PURIFICATION; SEPARATION; CLONING; FORMS AB The relative reactivities of several long chain fatty acids in esterifications with 1-butanol catalyzed by lipases of Geotrichum candidum were evaluated. As has been noted previously, these lipases are not uniformly highly selective for cis-9 unsaturated fatty acids. However, the lipase preparations examined do uniformly discriminate against fatty acids having a chainlength greater than C-18 such as erucic acid. The reactivities of gamma-linolenic and ricinoleic acid were also low compared to that of oleic. An examination of the effect of the alcohol upon the relative reactivities of acids showed that one could enhance fatty acid selectivity by proper choices of alcohol. For example, oleic acid esterifies 2.5 times faster than palmitic acid with 1-butanol catalyzed by Amano GC-4 lipase, but esterifies over 50 times faster with 2-methyl-1-propanol or cyclopentanol. RP SONNET, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X EI 1558-9331 J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 10 BP 1043 EP 1045 DI 10.1007/BF02543035 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA MA591 UT WOS:A1993MA59100018 ER PT J AU WOODSON, WD AF WOODSON, WD TI EFFECT OF SPECIES COMPOSITION ON THE SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF WESTERN AND NORTHERN CORN-ROOTWORM (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED INFESTATIONS; SEX-RATIO; SOUTHERN; TEXTURE; DAMAGE; LARVAE; EGG AB The effects of interspecific competition between northern and western corn rootworm larvae were examined under greenhouse conditions. Potted corn seedlings were infested with predetermined (mixed) numbers of embryonated eggs to determine how interspecific competition would affect survivorship, sex ratio, and developmental time for each species. Survivorship of both species declined as population densities of the opposite species increased. Sex ratios of both species were influenced by the population densities of the opposite species. Females declined as the level of the other species increased. The slope of cumulative adult emergence was the same for heterogeneous populations and homogeneous populations of each species. RP WOODSON, WD (reprint author), USDA ARS,NPA,NO GRAIN INSECTS RES LAB,RURAL ROUTE 3,BROOKINGS,SD 57006, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 66 IS 4 BP 377 EP 382 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NE350 UT WOS:A1993NE35000001 ER PT J AU BARKER, JF CHARLET, LD AF BARKER, JF CHARLET, LD TI POSTDIAPAUSE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUNFLOWER STEM WEEVIL CYLINDROCOPTURUS-ADSPERSUS (LECONTE) UNDER CONTROLLED LABORATORY CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Laboratory studies were conducted on post-diapause development of the sunflower stem weevil Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte) under five temperature regimes. Laboratory studies offered the advantage of precise temperature regulation to describe some temperature dependent parameters of the development and the seasonal biology of C. adspersus. A threshold temperature of 12-degrees-C and a thermal constant of 365.6 +/- 10.9 degree days were derived from the laboratory data. The optimal temperatures tested for development on the basis of lowest mortality and shortest development time were 28 and 32-degrees-C. Mortality was over 50% at all temperatures. Mortality was 96.4% at 16-degrees-C suggesting that this temperature was sub-optimal for development. The development of the reproductive organs in adults was described to correlate reproductive physiology with the appearance of adults and egg laying in field observations. A lag time of about 10 days was observed between emergence and subsequent development of the ovaries and mating at 28-degrees-C. C1 USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105. RP BARKER, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 66 IS 4 BP 414 EP 419 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NE350 UT WOS:A1993NE35000007 ER PT J AU BARKER, JF ENZ, JW AF BARKER, JF ENZ, JW TI DEVELOPMENT OF LABORATORY-REARED BANDED SUNFLOWER MOTH, COCHYLIS-HOSPES WALSINGHAM (LEPIDOPTERA, COCHYLIDAE), IN RELATION TO TEMPERATURE SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHENOLOGY; PLAINS AB The effect of temperature on hatching, larval and pupal development time and mortality of the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham, in a controlled laboratory environment were examined. Estimates of the optimal temperature range for development, threshold temperature, thermal constant, and degree day heat accumulations needed for development were obtained. The optimal temperature tested was 28-degrees-C based on the fastest development rate and lowest mortality. Temperatures in the 15-20-degrees-C range were considered suboptimal because mortality was high, the fifth instar diapaused, head capsule size was smaller, and the development rate was slower than at warmer temperatures up to 32-degrees-C. The latter temperature was near the upper end of the optimal developmental temperature range because development showed signs of a plateau and the humidity had to be raised from 45-50% to 80-90% to increase hatch and survival. Pre-diapause and post-diapause phases had different estimated threshold temperatures of 11.1 +/- 0.4-degrees-C and 15.0 +/- 1.0-degrees-C, respectively. Degree day (DD) accumulations or thermal constants for development of pre-diapause stages, post-diapausal development to the pupal stage and finally the pupal stage were 298.4 +/- 9.2, 403.3 +/- 14.0, and 128.7 +/- 1.3 DD, respectively. Overall, the DD requirement for development of diapause moths was 831.4 DD to develop from egg to adult. Non-diapause moths needed 546.2 +/- 21.4 DD for development from egg to adult. The data provides basic information on the biology of banded sunflower moths and have potential for the development of predictive models of the seasonal progress of this pest insect. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,FARGO,ND 58105. RP BARKER, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-8567 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 66 IS 4 BP 420 EP 426 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NE350 UT WOS:A1993NE35000008 ER PT J AU BROCKMEIER, SL LAGER, KM MENGELING, WL AF BROCKMEIER, SL LAGER, KM MENGELING, WL TI COMPARISON OF IN-VIVO REACTIVATION, IN-VITRO REACTIVATION, AND POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION FOR DETECTION OF LATENT PSEUDORABIES VIRUS-INFECTION IN SWINE SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article AB The following methods were compared for their ability to detect latent pseudorabies virus in 24 pigs that had been experimentally infected with virulent pseudorabies virus: 1) in vivo reactivation by dexamethasone administration, 2) in vitro reactivation by 5 different techniques of explant culture or cocultivation of trigeminal ganglia, and 3) detection of pseudorabies virus genome in tissue digests of tonsils or trigeminal ganglia using the polymerase chain reaction. Reactivation of pseudorabies virus by administration of dexamethasone was attempted in 12 of 24 pigs in an effort to determine if this procedure would affect the detection of latent pseudorabies virus by any of the subsequent in vitro methods. Detection of latent virus by the polymerase chain reaction with trigeminal ganglia was the most successful method (24/24 were positive). The next most successful method was in vivo reactivation through the administration of dexamethasone (10/12 [83%] were positive). Only 1 in vitro reactivation technique, cocultivation involving digestion of the trigeminal ganglia with trypsin and collagenase and the addition of a hypomethylating agent to the medium, yielded positive results (5/24 [21%] were positive). The polymerase chain reaction performed on tissue digests of tonsils was much less effective (2/24 [8%] were positive) than it was with trigeminal ganglia. Reactivation by dexamethasone did not appear to have any effect on the subsequent detection of latency by any of the methods tested. RP BROCKMEIER, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL ANIM RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 5 IS 4 BP 505 EP 509 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MK695 UT WOS:A1993MK69500001 PM 8286446 ER PT J AU DEAN, HJ CHEUNG, AK AF DEAN, HJ CHEUNG, AK TI A 3' COTERMINAL GENE-CLUSTER IN PSEUDORABIES VIRUS CONTAINS HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS UL1, UL2, AND UL3 GENE HOMOLOGS AND A UNIQUE UL3.5 OPEN READING FRAME SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID URACIL-DNA GLYCOSYLASE; VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN-H; SEQUENCE; TYPE-1; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; GENOME; HERPESVIRUSES; CLONING AB We have determined the nucleotide sequence and transcription pattern of a group of open reading frames of pseudorabies virus (PRV), which are located at the right end of the BamHI-G fragment from 0.664 to 0.695 map units in the unique long region of the genome. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed four open reading frames. The first three correspond in genome location to the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) open reading frames UL1, which codes for glycoprotein L (gL); UL2, which codes for a uracil-DNA glycosylase; and UL3, which codes for a polypeptide of unknown function. The fourth open reading frame, UL3.5, is not present in the HSV-1 genome. Northern (RNA) blot analysis with oligonucleotide and cDNA probes revealed four abundant mRNA species of 3.3, 2.7, 1.8, and 0.9 kb, which are likely to yield polypeptides encoded by the UL1, -2, -3, and -3.5 open reading frames, respectively. All four transcripts were of the early-late kinetic class, transcribed in the same direction, and 3' coterminal. The UL2 and UL3 genes of PRV and HSV-1 have significant amino acid sequence homology, while the UL1 genes are positional homologs and the UL3.5 gene is unique to PRV. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,POB 70,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010. NR 28 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 67 IS 10 BP 5955 EP 5961 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA LX120 UT WOS:A1993LX12000030 PM 8396663 ER PT J AU GOFF, W STILLER, D JESSUP, D MSOLLA, P BOYCE, W FOREYT, W AF GOFF, W STILLER, D JESSUP, D MSOLLA, P BOYCE, W FOREYT, W TI CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ANAPLASMA-OVIS ISOLATE FROM DESERT BIGHORN SHEEP IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE ANAPLASMOSIS; ANAPLASMA-OVIS; BIGHORN SHEEP; OVIS-CANADENSIS ID MARGINALE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTIONS; PERSISTENCE; PROBE AB To understand the role of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in the epidemiology of anaplasmosis, we recovered a field isolate from a suspected enzootic area in southern California (USA). Whole blood was collected from three desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) and inoculated into a susceptible splenectomized domestic sheep, calf and a susceptible spleen-intact bighorn sheep. No infection occurred in the calf, but a detectable infection developed in both the domestic sheep and bighorn sheep 24 days after inoculation. The infection in both domestic and bighorn sheep resulted in severe clinical disease but was resolved with the use of tetracycline. Using monoclonal antibodies and DNA probes, we confirmed that the isolate was Anaplasma ovis. C1 USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,MOSCOW,ID 83843. CALIF DEPT FISH & GAME,WILDLIFE INVEST LAB,RANCHO CORDOVA,CA 95670. SOKOINE UNIV AGR,DEPT VET MED,MOROGORO,TANZANIA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP GOFF, W (reprint author), USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 29 IS 4 BP 540 EP 546 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MF941 UT WOS:A1993MF94100004 PM 8258851 ER PT J AU JESSUP, DA GOFF, WL STILLER, D OLIVER, MN BLEICH, VC BOYCE, WM AF JESSUP, DA GOFF, WL STILLER, D OLIVER, MN BLEICH, VC BOYCE, WM TI A RETROSPECTIVE SEROLOGIC SURVEY FOR ANAPLASMA SPP INFECTION IN 3 BIGHORN SHEEP (OVIS-CANADENSIS) POPULATIONS IN CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE ANAPLASMOSIS; BIGHORN SHEEP, OVIS-CANADENSIS, INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; SEROLOGIC SURVEY; ANAPLASMA SPP ID MARGINALE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODIES; DEER AB Using an indirect immunofluorescence assay, we determined the prevalence of Anaplasma-reactive antibody in three herds of bighorn sheep, each a different subspecies and occupying a different habitat in California (USA). Antibodies to Anaplasma spp. were identified in none of twenty California bighorn (ovis canadensis californiana) sampled from the Mt. Baxter herd, 11 of 17 peninsular bighorn (O. canadensis cremnobates) sampled in the Santa Rosa Mountains, and all 20 desert bighorn (O. canadensis nelsoni) sampled at Old Dad Peak/Kelso Mountains. Based on an assay and an adsorption technique, the titers most likely were due to Anaplasma ovis. The presence and species of tick vectors in each of the habitats, and the presence or absence of deer or livestock were identified as factors potentially influencing seroprevalence of antibodies. C1 USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,MOSCOW,ID 83843. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,VET MED EXTENS,DAVIS,CA 95616. CALIF DEPT FISH & GAME,BISHOP,CA 93514. UNIV ALASKA,INST ARCTIC BIOL,FAIRBANKS,AK 99701. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP JESSUP, DA (reprint author), CALIF DEPT FISH & GAME,WILDLIFE INVEST LAB,RANCHO CORDOVA,CA 95670, USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 29 IS 4 BP 547 EP 554 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MF941 UT WOS:A1993MF94100005 PM 8258852 ER PT J AU BRISCOE, N HUMPHREYS, JG DUBEY, JP AF BRISCOE, N HUMPHREYS, JG DUBEY, JP TI PREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMA-GONDII INFECTIONS IN PENNSYLVANIA BLACK BEARS, URSUS-AMERICANUS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; TOXOPLASMOSIS; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; URSUS-AMERICANUS; BLACK BEAR AB Serum samples from 665 hunter-killed black bears killed in 1989 to 1992 throughout Pennsylvania (USA) were tested for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies by the agglutination test in dilutions of 1:25, 1:50, and 1:500. Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were found in 535 of 665 (80%) bears. Considering the highest dilutions at which antibodies were detected, prevalences were 10% at 1:25, 37% at 1:50 and 33% at 1:500. No significant difference in antibody prevalence was found between males (79%) and females (80%), but a significant difference was found between juvenile (65% and adult (83%) bears. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP BRISCOE, N (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV PENN,DEPT BIOL,INDIANA,PA 15701, USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [CDC 200-90-0825] NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 29 IS 4 BP 599 EP 601 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MF941 UT WOS:A1993MF94100015 PM 8258862 ER PT J AU CUTLIP, RC DENNIS, ED AF CUTLIP, RC DENNIS, ED TI RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF DISEASES IN A CAPTIVE LEMMING COLONY SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note AB Fifty-four ill or nonproductive lemmings (Dicrostonyx spp.) were evaluated for signs, lesions and causes of disease for 5 yr in a domestic colony. Parasitic granulomas caused by Encephalitozoon cuniculi were the most common finding and were seen in 22 lemmings. The disease was characterized by circling and torticollis with granulomas in many tissues, especially the central nervous system. Suppurative otitis occurred in 12 lemmings and was associated with Klebsiella pneumonia infection; circling was the common sign. Hepatic microabscesses were present in seven lemmings but a cause was not identified. Five lemmings had neoplasms and 14 had either suppurative processes aspermia or ovarian cysts. RP CUTLIP, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 29 IS 4 BP 620 EP 622 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MF941 UT WOS:A1993MF94100022 PM 8258869 ER PT J AU RUMBLE, MA HODORFF, RA AF RUMBLE, MA HODORFF, RA TI NESTING ECOLOGY OF MERRIAM TURKEYS IN THE BLACK-HILLS, SOUTH-DAKOTA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GRANDE WILD TURKEYS; AVAILABILITY DATA; HABITAT; SUCCESS AB Merriam's wild turkeys (Meleagris gallapavo merriami) were introduced to the Black Hills approximately 40 years ago, and recent population estimates show a large and stable population. Until now, few studies have evaluated nesting ecology of Merriam's turkeys, and none occurred in predominantly pure ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests. Thus, we studied nesting and nest habitat factors that influence population productivity using a hierarchical approach in the Black Hills, South Dakota. In contrast to other studies, yearling Merriam's turkey hens showed a high propensity to nest. Nest survival for adult hens did not differ (P = 0.18) from yearlings, but adult hen success was higher (P = 0.03). April-June precipitation was positively related (R2 = 0.93, P < 0.01) to the number of nest attempts. Primary nest predators were mammals and American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos; hereafter referred to as crows). Among macrohabitats (third-order habitats), there were no (P = 0.45) patterns of nest site selection. Among microhabitats (fourth-order habitats), hens selected small sites (<5 m across) with obstructed view of the nest and vegetation averaging 2.3 dm tall. Few microhabitat differences occurred between successful and unsuccessful nests, and those that did were related to higher (P = 0.02) survival of third nest attempts. Our data indicate that availability of nest habitat was not limiting turkey populations in this area. C1 US FOREST SERV,NEBRASKA NATL FOREST,HOT SPRINGS,SD 57747. RP RUMBLE, MA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,501 E ST JOE,RAPID CITY,SD 57701, USA. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 57 IS 4 BP 789 EP 801 DI 10.2307/3809081 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA MB571 UT WOS:A1993MB57100018 ER PT J AU LIPMAN, RD GAILLARD, ET HARRISON, DE BRONSON, RT AF LIPMAN, RD GAILLARD, ET HARRISON, DE BRONSON, RT TI HUSBANDRY FACTORS AND THE PREVALENCE OF AGE-RELATED AMYLOIDOSIS IN MICE SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; PROTEIN; MOUSE; RESTRICTION; DEPOSITS; FIBRILS; MODEL AB A retrospective study of the prevalence of amyloidosis in mice from several facilities was done. Amyloid deposition is an age-related lesion. The influence of common laboratory factors on the occurrence of this lesion was analyzed. This study documented genotypic difference in susceptibility to amyloidosis and showed that caging and pathogen status both impact on the number of cases of amyloidosis seen in a population. The lowest percentage of affected mice was seen when the animals were individually caged in a specific pathogen-free facility where conditions of stress were minimized. C1 TUFTS UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,BOSTON,MA 02111. EXPTL PATHOL LABS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. JACKSON LAB,BAR HARBOR,ME 04609. RP LIPMAN, RD (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 07747] NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CORDOVA PA 70 TIMBERCREEK DR, SUITE 5, CORDOVA, TN 38018 SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 43 IS 5 BP 439 EP 444 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA MF111 UT WOS:A1993MF11100009 PM 8277723 ER PT J AU BENGSTON, DN XU, Z AF BENGSTON, DN XU, Z TI IMPACT OF RESEARCH AND TECHNICAL CHANGE IN WILDLAND RECREATION - EVALUATION ISSUES AND APPROACHES SO LEISURE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE WILDLAND RECREATION; RESEARCH; TECHNICAL CHANGE; EVALUATION; ECONOMIC IMPACTS ID FORESTRY AB The development and diffusion of new technologies have had tremendous impacts on wildland recreation in recent decades. This article examines the potential economic impacts of research and technical change in wildland recreation. Two evaluation models are presented, a cost-price approach and a research intensity model, which are intended to shed some light on the question of whether society has over- or underinvested in recreation research. These two evaluation models are applied to the case of recreation on the U.S. National Forest system. The cost-price analysis indicates that the economic benefits of past U.S. Forest Service recreation research would only need to be extremely small-about 3 cent per recreation visitor day in present value terms-to justify past research expenditures in economic terms. The research intensity analysis revealed that the intensity of Forest Service recreation research is about 20 times less than all Forest Service research, suggesting a possible underinvestment in recreation research. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP BENGSTON, DN (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST,EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 49 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0149-0400 J9 LEISURE SCI JI Leis. Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 15 IS 4 BP 251 EP 272 PG 22 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA ML567 UT WOS:A1993ML56700001 ER PT J AU HUGGERT, L MORGAN, PB AF HUGGERT, L MORGAN, PB TI DESCRIPTION AND BIOLOGY OF TRICHOPRIA-PAINTERI NSP (HYMENOPTERA, DIAPRIIDAE), A SOLITARY PARASITOID OF STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) FROM HARARE, ZIMBABWE SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TRICHOPRIA-PAINTERI; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS; PARASITOID; ENDOPARASITE; DIAPRIIDAE; LIFE HISTORY; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; ZIMBABWE ID SPALANGIA-ENDIUS; PUPAL PARASITE; MUSCOID FLIES; LIFE-HISTORY; PTEROMALIDAE AB Taxonomic description and life history are given of Trichopria painteri n.sp. (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), a solitary endoparasitoid that emerged from Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) pupae collected at an agricultural installation near Harare, Zimbabwe, Africa. Although its low level of parasitism, high immature mortality and short adult life span would require augmentative releases of T.painteri, this parasitoid could reduce isolated field populations of S.calcitrans to an acceptable level within several weeks. C1 USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 358 EP 362 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1993.tb00705.x PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA LY803 UT WOS:A1993LY80300009 PM 8268491 ER PT J AU GREGERSON, RG PETROWSKI, M LARSON, RL GANTT, JS VANCE, CP AF GREGERSON, RG PETROWSKI, M LARSON, RL GANTT, JS VANCE, CP TI MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF ALLELIC POLYMORPHISM AT THE AAT2 LOCUS OF ALFALFA SO MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ALLELES; ALFALFA; NITROGEN FIXATION; TRANSIT PEPTIDE ID ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; ROOT-NODULES; MESSENGER-RNA; CLONING; DNA; CDNA; PLANT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ISOENZYMES AB Aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) plays a key enzymatic role in the assimilation of symbiotically fixed nitrogen in legume root nodules. In alfalfa, two distinct genetic loci encode dimeric AAT enzymes: AAT1, which predominates in roots, and AAT2, which is expressed at high levels in nodules. Three allozymes of AAT2 (AAT2a, -2b and -2c), differing in net charge, result from the expression of two alleles, AAT2A and AAT2C, at this locus. Utilizing antiserum to alfalfa AAT2, we have previously isolated from an expression library one AAT2 cDNA clone. This clone was used as a hybridization probe to screen cDNA libraries for additional AAT2 cDNAs. Four different clones were obtained, two each that encode the AAT2a and AAT2c enyzme subunits. These two sets of cDNAs encode polypeptides that differ in net charge depending upon the amino acid at position 296 (valine or glutamic acid). Within each set of alleles, the two members differ from each other by the presence or absence of a 30 bp (ten amino acid) sequence. The presence or absence of this ten amino acid sequence has no effect on the size or charge of the mature AAT2 protein because it is located within the region encoding the protein's transit peptide, which is proteolytically removed upon transport into plastids. The data suggest that a deletion event has occurred independently in two AAT2 progenitor alleles, resulting in the four allelic cDNA variants observed. The deletion of this ten amino acid sequence does not appear to impair the normal maturation of the enzyme. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT BIOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP GREGERSON, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0026-8925 J9 MOL GEN GENET JI Mol. Gen. Genet. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 241 IS 1-2 BP 124 EP 128 DI 10.1007/BF00280209 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA MB252 UT WOS:A1993MB25200016 PM 8232195 ER PT J AU TALBOT, NC REXROAD, CE PURSEL, VG POWELL, AM AF TALBOT, NC REXROAD, CE PURSEL, VG POWELL, AM TI ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE STAINING OF PIG AND SHEEP EPIBLAST CELLS IN CULTURE SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE CELL CULTURE; MARKER; DIFFERENTIATION ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; MOUSE EMBRYO; FEEDER CELLS; ES CELLS; BLASTOCYSTS; PORCINE; LINES; DIFFERENTIATION; ESTABLISHMENT AB To define better the characteristics of pig and sheep epiblast cells in culture, the cells were tested for the presence of alkaline phosphatase (AP), a biochemical marker characteristic of mouse embryonic stem cells. Pig and sheep epiblast cells were positive for AP staining both at isolation from the blastocyst and after primary in vitro culture. The innermost portion of the attendant endoderm surrounding the epiblast was also positive for AP staining during primary culture. AP staining was lost upon differentiation or senescence of the epiblast cells. Also, all differentiated epiblast-derived cell cultures were negative for AP staining, with the exception of neuron-like cultures. Epiblast-like cells were cultured from day 10 (pig) and day 13 (sheep) embryonic discs, and these cells were also AP positive until they differentiated. Trophectoderm-endoderm-like cells from embryonic discs were AP negative or weakly positive. AP is a convenient marker for undifferentiated pig and sheep epiblast cells in culture when used in conjunction with cell morphology analysis. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GENE EDUC & MAPPING LAB,BLDG 200,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 41 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 2 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1002/mrd.1080360204 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA LZ800 UT WOS:A1993LZ80000003 PM 7504922 ER PT J AU PURSEL, VG REXROAD, CE AF PURSEL, VG REXROAD, CE TI RECENT PROGRESS IN THE TRANSGENIC MODIFICATION OF SWINE AND SHEEP SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY CY OCT 15-17, 1991 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP MINIST EDUC JAPAN, BIO ORIENTED TECHNOL RES INST ID FUSION GENE; MICE; PIGS; EXPRESSION; GROWTH; MILK; MICROINJECTION; EFFICIENCY; PRONUCLEI; RABBITS RP PURSEL, VG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BLDG 200,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 2 BP 251 EP 254 DI 10.1002/mrd.1080360223 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA LZ800 UT WOS:A1993LZ80000022 PM 8257579 ER PT J AU PASTER, N DROBY, S CHALUTZ, E MENASHEROV, M NITZAN, R WILSON, CL AF PASTER, N DROBY, S CHALUTZ, E MENASHEROV, M NITZAN, R WILSON, CL TI EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL OF THE YEAST PICHIA-GUILLIERMONDII AS A BIOCONTROL AGENT AGAINST ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS AND FUNGI OF STORED SOYA BEANS SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DEBARYOMYCES-HANSENII; POSTHARVEST DISEASES; CITRUS; GRAINS; NIGER; MOLD; CORN AB The ability of Pichia guilliermondii to inhibit growth of grain microflora was studied using naturally contaminated soya beans and sterilized soya beans artificially inoculated with Aspergillus flavus. When A. flavus (at a spore concentration of 10(2) spores ml(-1)) and P. guilliermondii (at concentrations of 10(7) or 10(9) cells ml(-1)) were applied simultaneously to sterilized soya beans, fungal proliferation, as measured by colony-forming-units counts, was markedly inhibited during 16 d of storage. Application of yeast cells 3 d prior to fungal inoculation resulted in decreased inhibitory activity. The inhibitory effect of the yeast was compared with that of propionic acid using naturally infested soya beans at two levels of moisture content (11 and 16%). At both levels the yeast prevented fungal proliferation on the grain for a limited period but propionic acid showed better fungistatic activity. Of the two methods of yeast application tested - spraying or dipping - dipping provided a longer inhibitory period. However, the yeast treatment did not prevent the increase in the level of free fatty acids (an indicator of the incipient grain deterioration) at the later stages of the storage period. C1 ARO,VOLCANI CTR,INST TECHNOL & STORAGE AGR PROD,IL-50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. USDA ARS,FRUIT PATHOL UNIT,APPLACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430. RP PASTER, N (reprint author), ARO,VOLCANI CTR,INST TECHNOL & STORAGE AGR PROD,DEPT STORED PROD,POB 6,IL- 50250 BET DAGAN,ISRAEL. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 97 BP 1201 EP 1206 PN 10 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA MG620 UT WOS:A1993MG62000008 ER PT J AU DOMBRINKKURTZMAN, MA JAVED, T BENNETT, GA RICHARD, JL COTE, LM BUCK, WB AF DOMBRINKKURTZMAN, MA JAVED, T BENNETT, GA RICHARD, JL COTE, LM BUCK, WB TI LYMPHOCYTE CYTOTOXICITY AND ERYTHROCYTIC ABNORMALITIES INDUCED IN BROILER CHICKS BY FUMONISINS B-1 AND B-2 AND MONILIFORMIN FROM FUSARIUM-PROLIFERATUM SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE CHICKEN; FUMONISIN; FUSARIUM MONILIFORME; FUSARIUM PROLIFERATUM; MONILIFORMIN; MYCOTOXIN ID EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; SECTION LISEOLA; MYCOTOXINS; TOXICITY; ASSAY; CELLS AB Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from broiler chicks that had ingested feed amended with autoclaved Fusarium proliferatum culture material containing fumonisin B-1 (FB1), fumonisin B-2 (FB2) and moniliformin. Lymphocyte viability was determined for birds that were placed on amended rations at day 1 or day 7 of age at three different levels of mycotoxins, ranging from 61-546 ppm FB1, 14-94 ppm FB2 and 66-367 ppm moniliformin. Reduction of the tetrazolium salt, MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide], to yield MTT formazan, based on mitochondrial metabolic activity, was used to assess cell viability. Lymphocyte cytotoxic effects were observed in all treatment groups on day 21; chicks that started on amended feed at day 1 of age were affected more than those that started at day 7. Abnormal erythrocytes resembling early stages of erythroblasts were observed in peripheral blood from test chicks. Abnormally shaped red cells (poikilocytes) having a spindle-shape with one or both ends pointed were present. Some red cells appeared to be undergoing mitosis. Both reduced lymphocyte viability and abnormal erythrogenesis occurred in chicks given feed amended with F. proliferatum culture material containing FB1, FB2 and moniliformin. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET BIOSCI,URBANA,IL 61801. RP DOMBRINKKURTZMAN, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 25 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD OCT PY 1993 VL 124 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1007/BF01103056 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA NA718 UT WOS:A1993NA71800008 PM 8159217 ER PT J AU ROOVERS, LM REBERTUS, AJ AF ROOVERS, LM REBERTUS, AJ TI STAND DYNAMICS AND CONSERVATION OF AN OLD-GROWTH ENGELMANN SPRUCE-SUB-ALPINE FIR FOREST IN COLORADO SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Old-growth studies normally emphasize structural characteristics, but it is also critical to understand the underlying processes that shape old-growth forests. In Colorado, the issue of old-growth forest management recently came to a head in Bowen Gulch, one of the last extensive, high-quality, old-growth spruce-fir forests in the Front Range. The area was originally slated for logging, but public pressure led to its protection. We examined the physiognomy and stand dynamics of Bowen Gulch and report the results of that study here. Structurally, Bowen Gulch is an exceptional old-growth forest with high densities of large, old trees, snags, and logs and complex vertical stratification. However, age data and tree-ring chronologies reveal that much of the forest is probably in a transitional phase of development. Studies of forest dynamics have demonstrated the importance of fire, spruce beetle outbreaks, and windthrow in the subalpine zone, which brings into question the feasibility of old-growth preservation. Unfortunately, policies that balance preservation with the inevitability of disturbance have been lacking. The rarity of some old-growth types necessitates that natural areas be dedicated to old growth, but prudence and forest dynamics also dictate that we should plan for renewal of old growth on a landscape basis. RP ROOVERS, LM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1-26 AGR BLDG,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 13 IS 4 BP 256 EP 267 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA MK861 UT WOS:A1993MK86100003 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, WT DUFAULT, SN THOMAS, AC AF JOHNSON, WT DUFAULT, SN THOMAS, AC TI PLATELET CYTOCHROME-C-OXIDASE ACTIVITY IS AN INDICATOR OF COPPER STATUS IN RATS SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COPPER; PLATELETS; CYTOCHROME-C OXIDASE ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY; ORTHO-DIANISIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE; DIETARY COPPER; DEFICIENCY; CERULOPLASMIN; ZINC; NUTRITURE; TISSUES; ENZYME; SERUM AB Male weanling rats were fed diets containing 0.2, 1.0, 1.9, 3.0, 4.2 and 5.4 mug Cu/g for five weeks. Significant (P<0.05) reductions in ceruloplasmin amine oxidase activity, plasma copper concentration, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity, hepatic copper concentration and hepatic Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase activity occurred in rats consuming diets containing 3.0 mug Cu/g and below. Thus, copper deficiency occurred when dietary copper concentrations were 3.0 mug/g and below. The response of platelet cytochrome c oxidase activity to dietary copper content was similar to the other indices of copper status in that significant reductions occurred when dietary copper was 3.0 mug/g and below. Furthermore, platelet cytochrome c oxidase activity was positively correlated with hepatic copper concentration (R2=0.83) and hepatic Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase activity (R2=0.78). Also, inclusion of platelet cytochrome c oxidase activity with ceruloplasmin activity and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity improved the ability of these indices to predict liver copper concentration and liver Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase activity. These findings indicate that platelet cytochrome c oxidase activity may be useful as an indictor of copper status, particularly in marginal status and when used with one or more other indices of copper status. RP JOHNSON, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 9034 UNIV STN,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 13 IS 10 BP 1153 EP 1162 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(05)80739-0 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LY523 UT WOS:A1993LY52300005 ER PT J AU MERTZ, W AF MERTZ, W TI ESSENTIAL TRACE-METALS - NEW DEFINITIONS BASED ON NEW PARADIGMS SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID COPPER DEFICIENCY; GROWTH; RATS; ELEMENT; BORON; ZINC; IRON AB This article will concentrate on the nutritional and physiological aspects of modern trace metal research. It will try to establish meaningful relations among the research activities of the past 50 years, and to summarize the present state of knowledge as a basis for future endeavors. The discussion will address the gradual emergence during the past decades of three paradigms that can be expected to determine the directions of future research. C1 USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 75 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 51 IS 10 BP 287 EP 295 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MF736 UT WOS:A1993MF73600001 PM 8302484 ER PT J AU KEMP, WP DENNIS, B AF KEMP, WP DENNIS, B TI DENSITY-DEPENDENCE IN RANGELAND GRASSHOPPERS (ORTHOPTERA, ACRIDIDAE) SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; TIME SERIES; FORECASTING; LOGISTIC GROWTH ID ANIMAL POPULATIONS; STABILIZATION; VARIABILITY; PERSPECTIVE; HYPOTHESIS; ABUNDANCE; WEATHER; NUMBERS; MONTANA; MODELS AB We tested for the existence of density dependence in annual adult rangeland grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) data from Montana, USA (1951-1991). Statistical density dependence was, in the sense of a stochastic equilibrium or return tendency, detected in all of the grasshopper mean density time-series from the three major physiographic regions of the state, Northern Glaciated Plains, Southern Unglaciated Plains, and Western Mountains. Parameters were estimated for a model that described the stochastic equilibrium characteristics of regional mean densities. The analyses showed that rangeland grasshopper regional densities fluctuate according to gamma distribution with a mean of 6.1-6.3 grasshoppers per m(2). Further, when regions exhibit outbreaks, the resulting infestation period (duration of outbreak) is short, spanning only a few generations. C1 UNIV IDAHO,COLL FORESTRY WILDLIFE & RANGE SCI,MOSCOW,ID 83844. RP KEMP, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS,RANGELAND INSECT LAB,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 49 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD OCT PY 1993 VL 96 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1007/BF00318023 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ME559 UT WOS:A1993ME55900001 PM 28313746 ER PT J AU TURCHIN, P AF TURCHIN, P TI CHAOS AND STABILITY IN RODENT POPULATION-DYNAMICS - EVIDENCE FROM NONLINEAR TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS SO OIKOS LA English DT Note ID MICROTINE; CYCLES; VOLE AB I explore the possibility that the dynamics of some vole populations may be chaotic. Using an approach based on response surface methodology for quantifying chaos in short data sets, I have analyzed 11 temperate and 23 northern time series documenting microtine population fluctuations. I found that temperate populations were characterized by negative Lyapunov exponents, implying stability. In northern populations, by contrast, 15 of 23 estimated Lyapunov exponents were positive. This result suggests that nonlinear endogenous dynamics of northern voles amplify exogenous noise, thus contributing to erratic jumps in their population density. C1 SO FOREST EXPT STN,2500 SHREVEPORT HIGHWAY,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. NR 31 TC 95 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 6 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD OCT PY 1993 VL 68 IS 1 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.2307/3545323 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MB138 UT WOS:A1993MB13800021 ER PT J AU PARKER, FD GRISWOLD, TL AF PARKER, FD GRISWOLD, TL TI A NEW SPECIES OF PROTOSTELIS FROM MEXICO (HYMENOPTERA, MEGACHILIDAE) SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE INSECTA; PROTOSTELIS; TRACHUSA; HOST; DISTRIBUTION; SYNONYMY AB Protostelis pardita, NEW SPECIES, represents the first record of this rare parasitic genus from Mexico. The probable host is Trachusa (Heteranthidium) catinula (Brooks & Griswold). Protostelis australis floridensis (Mitchell), NEW SYNONYM, is synonymized with P. australis (Cresson). New records extend the range of P. australis from the east coast to Texas. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,BEE BIOL & SYSTEMAT LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 69 IS 4 BP 329 EP 331 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MP350 UT WOS:A1993MP35000009 ER PT J AU ABRAMS, SA AF ABRAMS, SA TI PUBERTAL CHANGES IN CALCIUM KINETICS IN GIRLS ASSESSED USING CA-42 SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PEAK BONE MASS; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; METABOLISM; CHILDREN AB The rate of calcium deposition in bone (V(o)+) and the size of the exchangeable calcium pool in bone (EP) were measured in 50 girls aged 4.9 to 16.7 y using i.v. administered Ca-45. Both V(o)+ and EP reached a maximum during early puberty and decreased in late puberty and more than 2 y postmenarche. In contrast, the initial mass of calcium distribution did not decrease in late puberty. The ratio of calcium deposition in bone to the exchangeable pool size, i.e. k(o)+ = V(o)+/EP, was more closely correlated with length of time since menarche (r = 0.83, p < 0.001) than with age (r = 0.65, p < 0.001), weight (r = 0.51, p < 0.001), or body mass index (r = 0.28, p = 0.05). The lower k(o)+ in late puberty indicates that as bone matures the fraction of the calcium pool that enters bone decreases. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP ABRAMS, SA (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 34 IS 4 BP 455 EP 459 DI 10.1203/00006450-199310000-00014 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA MA686 UT WOS:A1993MA68600012 PM 8255677 ER PT J AU WANG, SY FAUST, M AF WANG, SY FAUST, M TI COMPARISON OF SEASONAL GROWTH AND POLYAMINE CONTENT IN SHOOTS OF ORCHARD-GROWN STANDARD AND GENETIC DWARF APPLE-TREES SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE APPLE; ARGININE; MALUS-DOMESTICA; PUTRESCINE; SPERMIDINE; SPERMINE ID NITROGEN; MOBILIZATION; TISSUE; BARK AB Seasonal variations in growth rate, and polyamine and arginine content were determined in shoots of standard and genetic dwarf apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) in orchard conditions. Putrescine, spermidine, spermine and arginine exhibited the same seasonal variations. Polyamine titer and arginine content were correlated. Putrescine, spermidine, spermine and arginine levels increased during March and April, reaching the maximum at the end of April. From the onset of May, they decreased gradually until they reached a steady level at the end of July and beginning August. Then the level increased until September when growth stopped. Shoots of both standard and dwarf trees started to grow in April, elongated slowly during the summer and ceased growth in September. Polyamine and arginine content of the shoots of standard apple trees were higher compared to the shoots of genetic dwarfs, but the concentration of polyamine and arginine were not correlated with the growth rate. RP WANG, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FRUIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 89 IS 2 BP 376 EP 380 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1993.890220.x PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MD179 UT WOS:A1993MD17900020 ER PT J AU CLARK, TA ZEYEN, RJ SMITH, AG BUSHNELL, WR SZABO, LJ VANCE, CP AF CLARK, TA ZEYEN, RJ SMITH, AG BUSHNELL, WR SZABO, LJ VANCE, CP TI HOST RESPONSE GENE TRANSCRIPT ACCUMULATION IN RELATION TO VISIBLE CYTOLOGICAL EVENTS DURING ERYSIPHE-GRAMINIS ATTACK IN ISOGENIC BARLEY LINES DIFFERING AT THE ML-A LOCUS SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID F-SP HORDEI; POWDERY MILDEW FUNGUS; MESSENGER-RNAS; CDNA CLONING; SP TRITICI; INDUCTION; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; LEAVES; LEAF C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT HORT SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,CEREAL RUST LAB,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 28 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 43 IS 4 BP 283 EP 298 DI 10.1006/pmpp.1993.1058 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NA944 UT WOS:A1993NA94400005 ER PT J AU XIA, JQ CORRELL, JC LEE, FN MARCHETTI, MA RHOADS, DD AF XIA, JQ CORRELL, JC LEE, FN MARCHETTI, MA RHOADS, DD TI DNA-FINGERPRINTING TO EXAMINE MICROGEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN THE MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA (PYRICULARIA-GRISEA) POPULATION IN 2 RICE FIELDS IN ARKANSAS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL PLANT PATHOGEN; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; BLAST FUNGUS; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; VARIABILITY; DIVERSITY; ORYZAE; RESISTANCE; SEQUENCES; FAMILY AB DNA fingerprinting was used to analyze microgeographic variation in the Magnaporthe grisea population in Arkansas. One hundred and thirteen isolates were collected from two commercial rice fields (cu. Newbonnet) in 1991. In addition, several reference isolates representing the predominant pathotypes in Arkansas were examined. Total DNA of each isolate was restricted with EcoR1 and probed with a dispersed repeated MGR586 DNA probe. MGR586 DNA fingerprint groups were identified based on DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism similarities. Seven distinct fingerprint groups (designated A through G) were identified among the field and reference isolates. These seven fingerprint groups were very similar to seven of the eight fingerprint groups (lineages) previously reported for M. grisea. Four fingerprint groups (A, B, C, and D) were found in both fields. Group A was the predominant group representing 72% and 52% of the isolates collected from the two fields. Hierarchical diversity analysis demonstrated that the majority of genetic variability was distributed within sample locations within a field. Thus, the initial source or sources of inoculum may have been a mixture of the four different fingerprint groups. Isolates representing all of the DNA fingerprint groups were examined for virulence on each of two sets of differential rice cultivars. Although certain fingerprint groups were composed of a single pathotype, the data indicated that other groups in the contemporary population were composed of isolates that are quite heterogeneous with respect to virulence. Furthermore, contemporary isolates in one fingerprint group (group B) were a different pathotype from an older reference isolate of the same fingerprint group. Thus, the relationship between pathotype and DNA fingerprint group in contemporary populations of M. grisea in the United States apparently is quite complex. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT BIOL SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. TEXAS A&M UNIV CTR,USDA ARS,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. NR 31 TC 85 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 1993 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1029 EP 1035 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-1029 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ME574 UT WOS:A1993ME57400003 ER PT J AU RIDOUT, CJ LUMSDEN, RD AF RIDOUT, CJ LUMSDEN, RD TI POLYPEPTIDES ASSOCIATED WITH GLIOTOXIN PRODUCTION IN THE BIOCONTROL FUNGUS GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PYTHIUM-ULTIMUM; DAMPING-OFF; BIOSYNTHESIS; TRICHODERMA; GERMINATION; METABOLITES AB Two polypeptides (18.7- and 33.8-kDa) were purified from mycelial extracts of Gliocladium virens G20 with two-dimensional electrophoresis and used for the production of antiserum in the eggs of turkey hens. The resulting antisera were used to investigate the association of these polypeptides with gliotoxin production in G. virens. Mycelia from 20 strains of G. virens and three other gliotoxin-producing fungal genera were extracted into denaturing electrophoresis buffer and analyzed with immunoblotting procedures. Both polypeptides were detected in mycelial extracts from 15 strains that produced gliotoxin but were not detected in extracts from five strains that did not produce gliotoxin or in extracts from three other fungal genera. Antiserum against the 33.8-kDa polypeptide also reacted against mycelium of G. virens G20 extracted into nondenaturing Tris-HCl buffer. Gliotoxin was detected in the culture filtrate of G. virens grown in Weindling's medium after incubation of germinating chlamydospores for 24 h, whereas the 18.7-kDa polypeptide was detected in denatured mycelial extracts of G. virens after 16 h of growth. The 33.8-kDa polypeptide was detected after growth of germinating chlamydospores for 64 h. The chlamydospores contained two polypeptides (78- and 100-kDa) that cross-reacted with the antiserum raised against the 33.8-kDa polypeptide. These results may facilitate the identification and characterization of genes expressed during the production of gliotoxin by G. virens. C1 USDA ARS,BIOCONTROL PLANT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 1993 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1040 EP 1045 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-1040 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ME574 UT WOS:A1993ME57400005 ER PT J AU PRINCE, JP DAVIS, RE WOLF, TK LEE, IM MOGEN, BD DALLY, EL BERTACCINI, A CREDI, R BARBA, M AF PRINCE, JP DAVIS, RE WOLF, TK LEE, IM MOGEN, BD DALLY, EL BERTACCINI, A CREDI, R BARBA, M TI MOLECULAR-DETECTION OF DIVERSE MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS (MLOS) ASSOCIATED WITH GRAPEVINE YELLOWS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION WITH ASTER YELLOWS, X-DISEASE, AND ELM YELLOWS MLOS SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DISEASE DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INDEXING; MOLLICUTES; VITIS ID STRAIN CLUSTER; IDENTIFICATION; DNA AB Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and restriction analyses of PCR-amplified DNA were used to detect and differentiate strains of mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) associated with grapevine yellows detected in naturally diseased grapevines in the United States and Italy. At least three major groups of grapevine-infecting MLOs were delineated. FDVA1 MLO, discovered in yellows-diseased grapevines in Virginia, and flavescence doree MLO strain FDU from northern Italy were classified with X-disease MLOs; grapevine yellows-associated MLO strains FDG from Germany, CA1, CH1, SAN1, and SAN2 from northern Italy, and FDB and FDR from southern Italy were classified with aster yellows MLOs; and flavescence doree MLO strain FDF from France was classified in the elm yellows MLO group. The data support consideration of grapevine yellows as a complex of several diseases of diverse etiologies. C1 USDA ARS,MOLEC PLANT PATHOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. VIRGINIA AGR EXPT STN,WINCHESTER,VA. UNIV BOLOGNA,BOLOGNA,ITALY. IST SPERIMENTALE PATOL VEGETALE,ROME,ITALY. NR 36 TC 165 Z9 172 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD OCT PY 1993 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1130 EP 1137 DI 10.1094/Phyto-83-1130 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ME574 UT WOS:A1993ME57400020 ER PT J AU LIU, DR LI, N DUBE, S KALINSKI, A HERMAN, E MATTOO, AK AF LIU, DR LI, N DUBE, S KALINSKI, A HERMAN, E MATTOO, AK TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF A RAPIDLY AND TRANSIENTLY WOUND-INDUCED SOYBEAN (GLYCINE-MAX L) GENE ENCODING 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE ACC SYNTHASE; AUXIN; ETHYLENE; GENE EXPRESSION; GLYCINE MAX; WOUNDING ID MESSENGER-RNA; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TOMATO FRUIT; 2 GENES; EXPRESSION; AUXIN; ACID; CLONING; TRANSCRIPTION AB A complementary DNA clone, designated GMACS1, encoding an mRNA for soybean 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase was isolated from a leaf cDNA library, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The GMACS1-specific transcript was found to rapidly but transiently accumulate upon wounding in soybean leaf, pod and seed, and was not induced by 2,4-D, or by ethylene. However, the transcript level increased 37-fold in the presence of cycloheximide. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR W,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR AGR BIOTECHNOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 43 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPANESE SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI KYOTO PA SHIMOTACHIURI OGAWA HIGASHI KAMIKYOKU, KYOTO 602, JAPAN SN 0032-0781 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 34 IS 7 BP 1151 EP 1157 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA ME573 UT WOS:A1993ME57300024 ER PT J AU NORVELL, WA WELCH, RM ADAMS, ML KOCHAIN, LV AF NORVELL, WA WELCH, RM ADAMS, ML KOCHAIN, LV TI REDUCTION OF FE(III), MN(III), AND CU(II) CHELATES BY ROOTS OF PEA (PISUM-SATIVUM L) OR SOYBEAN (GLYCIAE MAX) SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE CHELATE; COPPER; GLYCINE MAX; IRON; MANGANESE; PISUM SATIVUM; REDUCTASE; ROOT ID STRESS AB Neither the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) by roots nor its induction by Fe-deficiency are unique characteristics of the reductive activities of roots. We show that chelated Mn(III) or chelated Cu(II), as well as chelated Fe(III), may be reduced by Fe-stressed roots of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Deficiency of Fe stimulated the reduction of Fe(III)EDTA about 20-fold, the reduction of Mn(III)CDTA about 11-fold, the reduction of Cu(II)(BPDS)(2) about 5-fold, and the reduction of Fe(III)(CN)(6) by only about 50%. Not only are metals other than Fe reduced as part of the Fe-stress response, but deficiencies of metals other than Fe stimulate the reductive activity of roots. We show that depriving peas or soybeans (Glycine max) of Cu or Zn stimulates the reduction of Fe(III). RP NORVELL, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 1993 VL 155 BP 123 EP 126 DI 10.1007/BF00024999 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MV591 UT WOS:A1993MV59100020 ER PT J AU WELCH, RM SMITH, ME VANCAMPEN, DR SCHAEFER, SC AF WELCH, RM SMITH, ME VANCAMPEN, DR SCHAEFER, SC TI IMPROVING THE MINERAL RESERVES AND PROTEIN-QUALITY OF MAIZE (ZEA-MAYS L) KERNELS USING UNIQUE GENES SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE CALCIUM; COPPER; IRON; LYSINE; MAGNESIUM; MANGANESE; METHIONINE; NUTRITION; NUTRITIONAL QUALITY; SEED VIGOR; ZINC AB The effects of the maize genes, o(2) and Mal, on the concentrations of mineral nutrient cations and amino acid levels in mature maize (Zea mays L) kernels of various inbred lines were studied. Previously, the o(2) gene has been used to improve the protein quality and increase the mineral nutrient content of kernels from some inbred lines. Genotypes possessing the Mal (multiple aleurone layer) gene, contain more than one row of aleurone cells in their kernels and this gene enhances the effect of the o(2) gene on improving kernel protein quality. Incorporating these genes into the maize genome increased accumulation of several mineral nutrients (including Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) in some of the experimental lines studied. The physiological basis for this increase of mineral nutrients in the kernels is discussed. The effect of the Mal gene on the kernel amino acid composition and protein quality was also examined. Possibly, these genes could be used in combination in breeding programs to improve kernel quality and nutritional value of maize. C1 CORNELL UNIV, DEPT PLANT BREEDING & BIOMETRY, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. RP WELCH, RM (reprint author), US ARS, US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB, ITHACA, NY USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 1993 VL 155 BP 215 EP 218 DI 10.1007/BF00025022 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MV591 UT WOS:A1993MV59100043 ER PT J AU ADAMS, ML NORVELL, WA PEVERLY, JH PHILPOT, WD AF ADAMS, ML NORVELL, WA PEVERLY, JH PHILPOT, WD TI FLUORESCENCE AND REFLECTANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF MANGANESE DEFICIENT SOYBEAN LEAVES - EFFECTS OF LEAF AGE AND CHOICE OF LEAFLET SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE FLUORESCENCE INDUCTION; GLYCINE MAX; LEAF AGE; LEAFLET; MANGANESE DEFICIENCY; NODAL POSITION; REFLECTANCE; REMOTE SENSING; SOYBEAN ID TRANSMITTANCE; CHLOROPHYLL; LIGHT AB Leaf reflectance and fluorescence characteristics of soybean (Glycine max cv 'Bragg') are influenced strongly by Mn availability. This report evaluates the effects of leaflet choice, leaf age, and leaf nodal position on several spectral characteristics. Leaves were obtained from soybeans grown hydroponically under controlled environmental conditions with wide differences in Mn supply. The ratio of 'constant yield' fluorescence (F-O) to 'variable yield' fluorescence (F-V), the ratios of reflectance at 750 nm to 550 nm and that at 650 nm to 550 nm, the position of the ''red edge'' near 700 nm, and an index of leaf ''yellowness'' were measured periodically. Increasing leaf age caused increases in the ''red edge'' and in both reflectance ratios. Leaf ''yellowness'' and the fluorescence ratio F-O/F-Y decreased with leaf age and increased with leaf nodal position, primarily in Mn deficient leaves. Effects arising from leaf choice were smaller than those caused by Mn deficiency. C1 US ARS, US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. CORNELL UNIV, DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. RP ADAMS, ML (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV, DEPT SOIL CROP & ATMOSPHER SCI, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. OI Philpot, William/0000-0002-5283-4774 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 1993 VL 155 BP 235 EP 238 DI 10.1007/BF00025027 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MV591 UT WOS:A1993MV59100048 ER PT J AU GOURLEY, CJP ALLAN, DL RUSSELLE, MP AF GOURLEY, CJP ALLAN, DL RUSSELLE, MP TI DEFINING PHOSPHORUS EFFICIENCY IN PLANTS SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE LUCERNE; MEDICAGO SATIVA; NUTRIENT EFFICIENCY; NUTRIENT UTILIZATION; PHOSPHORUS EFFICIENCY; TRIFOLIUM REPENS; WHITE CLOVER AB The many different definitions for ''nutrient efficiency'' make the use of the term ambiguous. We evaluated nutrient efficiency using data from a study of response to phosphorus (P) supply in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.). Application of various criteria identified in the literature as measures of nutrient efficiency did not clarify differences between purportedly P efficient and inefficient germplasm. Germplasm differed in maximum shoot and total dry mass and in solution P concentration ([P](s)) required to achieve 80% maximum yield, but not in P concentration of tissue ([P](t)), internal P utilization, or P uptake per unit of fine root dry mass. Differences in yield may have resulted from factors other than efficient use of P. To reduce the confounding effects that other factors have on nutrient efficiency, it is essential that equivalent yields of germplasm be demonstrated where nutrients are not limiting. Mechanisms that enable enhanced nutrient efficiency can be identified less ambiguously using this approach. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA, DEPT SOIL SCI, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, USDA ARS, US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA. RP GOURLEY, CJP (reprint author), VICTORIAN DEPT AGR, ELLINBANK DAIRY RES INST, WARRAGUL, VIC 3820, AUSTRALIA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD OCT PY 1993 VL 155 BP 289 EP 292 DI 10.1007/BF00025039 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MV591 UT WOS:A1993MV59100060 ER PT J AU GOMEZ, E LEDBETTER, C AF GOMEZ, E LEDBETTER, C TI TRANSMISSION OF BIOCHEMICAL FLAVOR CONSTITUENTS FROM APRICOT AND PLUM TO THEIR INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE PRUNUS-ARMENIACA; PRUNUS-SALICINA; PLUMCOT BREEDING; AROMA; HEADSPACE ANALYSIS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AROMATIC PROFILE; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID ID HEADSPACE; AROMA AB Intact fruit from five plum x apricot hybrids, two Japanese plums and seven apricots were sampled for their volatile constituents by headspace analysis to study the transmission of biochemical flavor constituents from apricot and plum to hybrids between them. Volatiles were collected in Tenax traps, eluted with ether, and examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Forty-one compounds from seven chemical classes were identified in the fruit samples. Seven of the identified volatiles were unique to plumcot, and not present in either the plum or apricot parent. Aromatic profiles from plumcot accessions more closely resemble apricot profiles rather than plum. RP GOMEZ, E (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 111 IS 3 BP 236 EP 241 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.1993.tb00634.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA MM421 UT WOS:A1993MM42100008 ER PT J AU VEIT, B SCHMIDT, RJ HAKE, S YANOFSKY, MF AF VEIT, B SCHMIDT, RJ HAKE, S YANOFSKY, MF TI MAIZE FLORAL DEVELOPMENT - NEW GENES AND OLD MUTANTS SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID ANTIRRHINUM-MAJUS; ZEA-MAYS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; RECOMBINANT INBREDS; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; MADS-BOX; ARABIDOPSIS; INFLORESCENCE; MORPHOGENESIS; TEOSINTE C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT BIOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,CTR MOLEC GENET,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP VEIT, B (reprint author), USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 77 TC 81 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD OCT PY 1993 VL 5 IS 10 BP 1205 EP 1215 DI 10.1105/tpc.5.10.1205 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA ME884 UT WOS:A1993ME88400008 ER PT J AU MCCORMICK, S AF MCCORMICK, S TI MALE GAMETOPHYTE DEVELOPMENT SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID POLLEN-SPECIFIC CDNA; BRASSICA-NAPUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; TOBACCO POLLEN; CELL-DIVISION; MESSENGER-RNA; ARABINOGALACTAN PROTEIN; MICROSPORE DEVELOPMENT; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; VEGETATIVE NUCLEUS C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,ALBANY,CA 94710. RP MCCORMICK, S (reprint author), USDA ARS,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. OI McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 NR 89 TC 408 Z9 435 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD OCT PY 1993 VL 5 IS 10 BP 1265 EP 1275 DI 10.1105/tpc.5.10.1265 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA ME884 UT WOS:A1993ME88400013 ER PT J AU BONDE, MR MICALES, JA PETERSON, GL AF BONDE, MR MICALES, JA PETERSON, GL TI THE USE OF ISOZYME ANALYSIS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT-PATHOGENIC FUNGI SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-POPULATION; PERONOSCLEROSPORA; ELECTROPHORESIS; HETEROZYGOSITY; POLYMORPHISM; GENETICS C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP BONDE, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BLDG 1301,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 77 IS 10 BP 961 EP 968 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MD937 UT WOS:A1993MD93700001 ER PT J AU NDIAYE, M BASHIR, M KELLER, KE HAMPTON, RO AF NDIAYE, M BASHIR, M KELLER, KE HAMPTON, RO TI COWPEA VIRUSES IN SENEGAL, WEST-AFRICA - IDENTIFICATION, DISTRIBUTION, SEED TRANSMISSION, AND SOURCES OF GENETIC-RESISTANCE SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODIES AB Viral diseases of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata) in Senegal were surveyed during the rainy seasons of 1990 and 1991. Sixty-six symptomatic plant samples from five production areas were assayed for seven viruses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Four recognized viruses, cowpea aphid-borne mosaic potyvirus (CABMV), cowpea mottle carmovirus (CPMoV), cowpea severe mosaic comovirus (CSMV), and southern bean mosaic sobemovirus (SBMV), were detected in 34, 2, 1, and 1 samples, respectively. All are seed-transmissible in cowpea. Variants of an unknown potyvirus were also detected in 21 samples. These variants occurred principally in new, improved CABMV-resistant cowpea genotypes, and their combined incidence in plant samples was exceeded only by CABMV. Isolates of the unknown potyvirus were seedborne in Senegal cowpea lines and were nonpersistently transmitted by the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora. Selected seedborne isolates of this potyvirus were distinguishable principally by differentially resistant cowpea genotypes and by either weak (isolate V1-1) or strong (isolate V17-14) reactions to potyvirus-selective monoclonal antibodies. Of 35 cowpea genotypes tested as possible sources of resistance to the unknown potyvirus, six (TVU-401, TVU-408P2, TVU-1000, TVU-1016-1, TVU-1582, and White Acre-BVR) were resistant to all isolates of the virus. These genotypes have been included in the Senegal cowpea breeding program for development of virus-resistant cultivars. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP NDIAYE, M (reprint author), CNRA BAMBEY,INST SENEGALAIS RECH AGR,BP 53,BAMBEY,SENEGAMBIA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 77 IS 10 BP 999 EP 1003 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MD937 UT WOS:A1993MD93700009 ER PT J AU GOTTWALD, TR GRAHAM, JH CIVEROLO, EL BARRETT, HC HEARN, CJ AF GOTTWALD, TR GRAHAM, JH CIVEROLO, EL BARRETT, HC HEARN, CJ TI DIFFERENTIAL HOST-RANGE REACTION OF CITRUS AND CITRUS RELATIVES TO CITRUS CANKER AND CITRUS BACTERIAL SPOT DETERMINED BY LEAF MESOPHYLL SUSCEPTIBILITY SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; FIELD INOCULATION ID CAMPESTRIS PV CITRUMELO; PHASEOLI EX SMITH; XANTHOMONAS-CAMPESTRIS; STRAINS; FLORIDA; NURSERIES; DISEASE; REINSTATEMENT; ARGENTINA; HASSE AB The leaf mesophyll susceptibility of 54 citrus species, cultivars, and relatives to Xanthomonas campestris pv. citrumelo, the cause of citrus bacterial spot, was evaluated in Hastings, Florida, during 1989 and 1990. A similar host range of 53 citrus species, cultivars, and relatives was tested in Beltsville, Maryland, during 1991 to compare their differential susceptibility to X. c. citri, which causes citrus canker, and to X. c. citrumelo by inoculations on foliage of the same trees in replicated field plots. Field-grown trees were pruned to stimulate synchronous leaf flush for inoculation by a modified pinprick method. Lesion size at 60 days (Hastings plots) or 45 days (Beltsville plots) postinoculation was used to quantify leaf mesophyll susceptibility. For X. c. citrumelo inoculations, lesion expansion was greatest on cultivars of trifoliate orange and trifoliate orange hybrids. Smaller lesions formed on Citrus spp. such as grapefruit, sweet orange, sour orange, mandarin, lemon, and their hybrids, with the exception of Key lime, which developed lesions similar to those formed on trifoliate hybrids. Susceptibility of most citrus types to X. c. citri was more general. Lesion sizes resulting from pinprick inoculations with X. c. citri were not significantly different among Citrus spp. and hybrids, indicating a general susceptibility of leaf mesophyll. Smaller lesions generally formed on citrus relatives, including some cultivars of trifoliate orange. Because pinprick inoculations cause wounds and open the leaf mesophyll to direct colonization by bacteria, this method bypasses stomatal infection and does not consider other factors that may affect field resistance. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,CTR AGR RES & EDUC,CREC,IFAS,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. USDA,NATL PROGRAM STAFF,BELTSVILLE,MD 20708. RP GOTTWALD, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS,ORLANDO,FL 32803, USA. RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008 NR 38 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 77 IS 10 BP 1004 EP 1009 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MD937 UT WOS:A1993MD93700010 ER PT J AU ALDERMAN, SC CHURCHILL, DB BILSLAND, DM AF ALDERMAN, SC CHURCHILL, DB BILSLAND, DM TI A VACUUM COLLECTION AND SEED SEPARATION TECHNIQUE FOR ENUMERATION OF SCLEROTIA OF CLAVICEPS-PURPUREA IN PERENNIAL RYEGRASS FIELDS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB A portable electric wet-dry shop vacuum run by a gas-powered generator was used to collect sclerotia of Claviceps purpurea from 1-m2 areas in a commercial field of perennial ryegrass. Sclerotia were separated from soil and straw residue using an air-screen (seed separation) machine, in which samples were partitioned based on particle width and thickness, and terminal velocity. The procedure also was used to determine the number of sclerotia in bales of annual ryegrass straw. Efficiency of recovery of sclerotia using the air-screen machine with known numbers of ergot was 98-100%. Recovery by vacuum collection in the field of a known number of sclerotia distributed over surface residue and plant crowns was 83% +/- 4% in areas without soil cracks, 73% +/- 15% in areas with deep soil cracks, and 79% +/- 13% in areas selected at random. In perennial ryegrass with 23% of heads infected (two sclerotia per infected head), 39 sclerotia per square meter of soil surface were recovered. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BIORESOURCE ENGN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP ALDERMAN, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 77 IS 10 BP 1020 EP 1022 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MD937 UT WOS:A1993MD93700014 ER PT J AU BRITTON, KO RONCADORI, RW HENDRIX, FF AF BRITTON, KO RONCADORI, RW HENDRIX, FF TI ISOLATION OF DISCULA-DESTRUCTIVA AND OTHER FUNGI FROM SEEDS OF DOGWOOD TREES SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE BOTRYOSPHAERIA; COLLETOTRICHUM; CORNUS-FLORIDA; DIEBACK; PHOMOPSIS ID ANTHRACNOSE AB Dogwood fruit were collected from trees with symptoms of dogwood anthracnose in 11 locations in western North Carolina in September 1989-1991. Fruit from each location were divided into four groups based on symptoms: completely necrotic, discrete necrotic lesions, shriveled without necrosis, and symptomless. Fruit and extracted seeds were surface-disinfested and placed on acidified potato-dextrose agar. Discula destructiva was isolated more often from seeds than from whole fruit, particularly from seeds extracted from completely necrotic fruit. The mean isolation frequency from extracted seeds was 0.12 in 1989, following a wet summer. D. destructiva was isolated from only 0.008 and 0.05 of extracted seeds in 1990 and 1991, respectively, when spring and early-summer rains were followed by midsummer dry periods. Infected seeds could provide a mechanism for long-distance dispersal of D. destructiva by animals or birds. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP BRITTON, KO (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,320 GREEN ST,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 77 IS 10 BP 1026 EP 1028 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MD937 UT WOS:A1993MD93700016 ER PT J AU ALDERMAN, SC AF ALDERMAN, SC TI AEROBIOLOGY OF CLAVICEPS-PURPUREA IN KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE POA-PRATENSIS; POLLEN; SPORE TRAPPING AB Airborne ascospores of Claviceps purpurea were monitored with volumetric spore traps in two fields of Kentucky bluegrass in Oregon during 1989 and 1990. A diurnal periodicity in ascospore release was observed, with peak catches between 1:00 and 6:00 a.m. Sporulation events (one or more consecutive days on which ascospores were trapped) generally began 2-3 days after rain and continued for 1-16 days. Cumulative number of ascospores trapped paralleled cumulative hours per day with rain. Ascospore release in the field was not correlated with temperature or relative humidity. Under controlled temperature conditions, however, ascospore release increased with rise in temperature from 5 to 20 C. RP ALDERMAN, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL FORAGE SEED PROD RES CTR,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 77 IS 10 BP 1045 EP 1049 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MD937 UT WOS:A1993MD93700020 ER PT J AU BRUTON, BD REDLIN, SC COLLINS, JK SAMS, CE AF BRUTON, BD REDLIN, SC COLLINS, JK SAMS, CE TI POSTHARVEST DECAY OF CANTALOUPE CAUSED BY EPICOCCUM-NIGRUM SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB A decay causing red discoloration in cantaloupe fruit was observed in postharvest storage studies and on occasion has been involved in load rejection of melons grown in southeastern Oklahoma. Epicoccum nigrum was consistently isolated from areas showing the red discoloration. The fungus was also pathogenic on fruit of cucumber, tomato, apple, and pear. Comparison of the cantaloupe isolate of E. nigrum with isolates from Pennisetum flaccidum and Pisum sativum indicated that all were similar if not identical, based on host range and decay characteristics on the previously mentioned fruit. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed that sporodochia and conidia were typical of E. nigrum. Radial growth was greatest on potato-dextrose agar at 20 C and limited at 1, 5, and 30 C. The fungus remained viable in screwcap culture tubes of soilless medium (potting mix) for 4 yr at about 20 C. A proposed common name for the disease is red rot. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. RP BRUTON, BD (reprint author), USDA ARS,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 77 IS 10 BP 1060 EP 1062 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MD937 UT WOS:A1993MD93700023 ER PT J AU SUTTLE, JC TANAKA, FS WIEN, RG AF SUTTLE, JC TANAKA, FS WIEN, RG TI 5'-ISOTHIOCYANATO-N-1-NAPHTHYLPHTHALAMIC ACID - A CHEMICALLY REACTIVE SITE-DIRECTED IRREVERSIBLE LIGAND FOR PHYTOTROPIN RECEPTORS SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE AFFINITY LIGAND; AUXIN TRANSPORT INHIBITOR; BINDING; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L; ISOTHIOCYANATE DERIVATIVE; N-1-NAPHTHYLPHTHALAMIC ACID; PHYTOTROPIN; RECEPTOR ID NET IAA UPTAKE; N-1-NAPHTHYLPHTHALAMIC ACID; AFFINITY LIGANDS; BINDING; TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS AB A chemically reactive analog of the phytotropin N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) was synthesized and evaluated as a site-directed irreversible ligand for the NPA receptor. The NPA analog (5'-isothiocyanato-N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid; NCS-NPA) was synthesized in two steps. Pretreatment of etiolated Helianthus hypocotyl segments with NCS-NPA at concentrations in excess of 1 muM resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of basipetal [C-14]IAA transport. Net uptake of IAA by hypocotyl segments was stimulated by NCS-NPA at concentrations of 1 muM or greater. NCS-NPA inhibited the saturable binding of [H-3]NPA in Helianthus microsomes in a dose-dependent fashion with 50% inhibition occurring at NCS-NPA concentrations of 3 to 10 nM. The binding affinity of [H-3]NPA in microsomes pretreated with NCS-NPA followed by extensive washing was substantially reduced. These results demonstrate that NCS-NPA is a site-directed irreversible ligand for the NPA receptor and suggest that it may be of use in the purification and characterization of this biologically important receptor. RP SUTTLE, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROPS SCI LAB,POB 5677,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 13 IS 3 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1007/BF00024853 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MJ044 UT WOS:A1993MJ04400012 ER PT J AU DAVIS, JM EGELKROUT, EE COLEMAN, GD CHEN, THH HAISSIG, BE RIEMENSCHNEIDER, DE GORDON, MP AF DAVIS, JM EGELKROUT, EE COLEMAN, GD CHEN, THH HAISSIG, BE RIEMENSCHNEIDER, DE GORDON, MP TI A FAMILY OF WOUND-INDUCED GENES IN POPULUS SHARES COMMON FEATURES WITH GENES ENCODING VEGETATIVE STORAGE PROTEINS SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BARK STORAGE PROTEIN; GENE CLUSTERING; RFLP; SYSTEMIC RESPONSE ID METHYL JASMONATE; IMMUNOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; SOYBEAN LEAVES; POPLAR TREES; SWEET-POTATO; RAY CELLS; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; INHIBITOR; PLANT AB Two wound-inducible cDNAs from poplar leaves show sequence identity to vegetative storage proteins (VSP) that accumulate seasonally in poplar bark tissues. We have compared the genomic organization, cDNA sequences and expression of the genes encoding the wound-inducible cDNAs (win4) with that of a bark VSP (called bark storage protein, or BSP). There appear to be several win4 genes in the poplar genome which segregate as a single locus and are therefore likely to be clustered. The same is true of the BSP genes. The win4 locus is linked (map distance of 5 cM) to the BSP locus, consistent with a common evolutionary origin of the genes. A near full-length win4 cDNA shows 75% sequence identity to BSP cDNAs. Both win4 and BSP are systemically wound-inducible; win4 transcripts accumulate in leaves and stems, whereas BSP transcripts accumulate almost exclusively in stems. A phloem transport-dependent signaling mechanism appears to be involved in systemic win4 expression after wounding. In contrast to BSP gene expression, win4 genes are not expressed in response to short day conditions. The data indicate win4 and BSP genes are differentially regulated, and their products may play important roles in the storage and reallocation of nitrogen in perennial plants. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,RHINELANDER,WI 54501. OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT BIOCHEM SJ70,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP DAVIS, JM (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES & CONSERVAT,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 44 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1007/BF00021426 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA MC246 UT WOS:A1993MC24600013 PM 8106009 ER PT J AU SMIGOCKI, A NEAL, JW MCCANNA, I DOUGLASS, L AF SMIGOCKI, A NEAL, JW MCCANNA, I DOUGLASS, L TI CYTOKININ-MEDIATED INSECT RESISTANCE IN NICOTIANA PLANTS TRANSFORMED WITH THE IPT GENE SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYTOKININ; ZEATIN; NICOTIANA; MANDUCA-SEXTA; MYZUS-PERSICAE ID TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE GENE; INHIBITOR-II GENE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; CELL-DIVISION; T-DNA; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; REGION AB The bacterial isopentenyl transferase (ipt) gene involved in cytokinin biosynthesis was fused with a promoter from the proteinase inhibitor II (PI-IIK) gene and introduced into Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Transcripts of the ipt gene were wound-inducible in leaves of transgenic PI-II-ipt plants. In leaf disks excised from fully expanded leaves, transcript levels increased 25- to 35-fold within 24 h and by 48 h were reduced by about 50%. In flowering plants, message levels were 2- to 5-fold higher than in preflowering plants. These plants were used to test for defensive properties of cytokinins against insects. Manduca sexta larvae consumed up to 70% less of the PI-II-ipt leaf material on flowering plants than larvae feeding on controls. Normal development of Myzus persicae nymphs was also delayed. Approximately half as many nymphs reached adulthood on PI-II-ipt leaves than on controls. Zeatin and zeatinriboside levels in leaves remaining on PI-II-ipt plants after hornworm feeding were elevated by about 70-fold and the chlorophyll a/b content was double that of controls. Exogenous applications of zeatin to the PI-II-ipt leaves enhanced the level of resistance to the tobacco hornworm and almost completely inhibited normal development of the green peach aphid nymphs. Transcript levels of an acidic chitinase gene were low and minimally inducible in PI-II-ipt leaves. The mode of action of the cytokinin gene product on enhanced insect resistance is not clear but may involve the products of secondary metabolic pathways. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,FLORIST & NURSERY CROPS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP SMIGOCKI, A (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PLANT MOLEC BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 37 TC 72 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 23 IS 2 BP 325 EP 335 DI 10.1007/BF00029008 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA MD517 UT WOS:A1993MD51700009 PM 8219068 ER PT J AU KUHN, RM CASPAR, T DEHESH, K QUAIL, PH AF KUHN, RM CASPAR, T DEHESH, K QUAIL, PH TI DNA-BINDING FACTOR GT-2 FROM ARABIDOPSIS SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARABIDOPSIS; DNA-BINDING FACTOR; GT-2; PLANT GENE REGULATION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRIHELIX ID PHYTOCHROME GENE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; PLANT GENES; SEQUENCE; LIGHT; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; THALIANA; ELEMENT; FAMILY AB Complementary DNA clones encoding a DNA-binding factor have been obtained from Arabidopsis by DNA hybridization with a GT-2 factor cDNA clone from rice. The GT-2 gene appears to be present as a single copy in the Arabidopsis genome and is transcribed as a 2.1 kb mRNA which is not light-regulated. The longest open reading frame in the sequenced clones predicts a protein of 65 kDa, beginning with the first in-frame methionine. The protein contains basic, acidic, and proline/glutamine-rich motifs and has significant amino acid sequence homology to the rice GT-2 factor, including three regions of 50-75 amino acids each of greater than 60% identity. Two of these regions are predicted to form similar trihelix structures postulated to be involved in selective binding to specific variations of a GT-box motif DNA sequence found in the promoter regions of several plant genes. Except for weak similarity to a tobacco GT-box binding factor, GT-1a/B2F, Arabidopsis GT-2 has no similarity to other sequences in the databases. DNA-binding studies show that Arabidopsis GT-2 has binding characteristics similar to those of the rice GT-2 factor, but dissimilar to those of the tobacco GT- 1 a/B2F factor. The data indicate that a DNA-binding factor containing domains of similar structure and target-sequence specificity has been conserved between monocots and dicots. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. USDA,CTR PLANT GENE EXPRESS,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 40 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 23 IS 2 BP 337 EP 348 DI 10.1007/BF00029009 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA MD517 UT WOS:A1993MD51700010 PM 8219069 ER PT J AU PILGRIM, ML CASPAR, T QUAIL, PH MCCLUNG, CR AF PILGRIM, ML CASPAR, T QUAIL, PH MCCLUNG, CR TI CIRCADIAN AND LIGHT-REGULATED EXPRESSION OF NITRATE REDUCTASE IN ARABIDOPSIS SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CIRCADIAN REGULATION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GENE EXPRESSION; LIGHT REGULATION; NITRATE REDUCTASE; PHYTOCHROME ID MESSENGER-RNA ACCUMULATION; PEA PISUM-SATIVUM; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; NITRITE-REDUCTASE; HIGHER-PLANTS; CHLOROPLAST PROTEINS; GENE-TRANSCRIPTION; DEFICIENT MUTANTS; THALIANA; PHYTOCHROME AB The expression of a number of plant genes is regulated by an endogenous circadian clock. We report that the Arabidopsis NIA2 (nitrate reductase) gene shows robust circadian oscillations in mRNA accumulation which persist for at least 5 days in plants that have been grown in a light-dark (LD) cycle and then transferred to continuous light (LL). We further show that NIA2 mRNA accumulation oscillates in a circadian fashion in plants that have been grown in LD and then transferred to continuous darkness (DD). Results from nuclear run-on transcriptional analysis suggest that the oscillations in steady-state levels of NIA2 mRNA abundance are not primarily due to changes in transcription but, instead, reflect post-transcriptional regulation. The circadian oscillations in NIA2 mRNA abundance are paralleled by circadian oscillations in nitrate reductase enzyme activity (NR activity) in Arabidopsis plants that have been grown in LD and then transferred either to DD or to LL. Etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings express neither NIA2 mRNA nor NR activity. However, both NIA2 mRNA accumulation and NR activity are induced by exposure to white light. The inductive effects of light on NIA2 mRNA accumulation are due, at least in part, to a very low fluence phytochrome-mediated response. However, the persistence of circadian oscillations in NIA2 mRNA abundance for at least 5 days in LL demonstrates that the circadian clock is capable of overriding or gating the inductive effects of light on NIA2 mRNA accumulation in Arabidopsis for an extended, continuous period of time. C1 DARTMOUTH COLL,DEPT BIOL SCI,HANOVER,NH 03755. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY USDA PLANT GENE EXPRESS CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. OI McClung, C. Robertson/0000-0002-7875-3614 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 23108] NR 59 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 23 IS 2 BP 349 EP 364 DI 10.1007/BF00029010 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA MD517 UT WOS:A1993MD51700011 PM 8219070 ER PT J AU PLADYS, D VANCE, CP AF PLADYS, D VANCE, CP TI PROTEOLYSIS DURING DEVELOPMENT AND SENESCENCE OF EFFECTIVE AND PLANT GENE-CONTROLLED INEFFECTIVE ALFALFA NODULES SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRENCH-BEAN NODULES; ROOT-NODULES; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; PERIBACTEROID MEMBRANE; NITROGEN-FIXATION; MEDICAGO-SATIVA; BACTEROIDS; NODULATION; PROTEASE; ANTIBODIES AB Plant-controlled ineffective root nodules, conditioned by the in, gene in Medicago sativa L. cv Saranac, undergo premature senescence and have reduced levels of many late nodulins. To ascertain which factors contribute to premature senescence, we have evaluated proteolysis as it occurs throughout the development of ineffective Saranac (in1Sa) and effective Saranac nodules. Cysteine protease activities with acidic pH optimum and enzyme proteins were present in both genotypes. We found that acidic protease activity was low in effective Saranac nodules throughout their development. In contrast, by 2 weeks after inoculation, acid protease activity of in1Sa nodules was severalfold higher than that of Saranac nodules and remained high until the experiment was terminated 8 weeks later. This increase in protease enzyme activity correlated with an increase in protease protein amounts. Increased protease activity and amount in in1Sa nodules was correlated with a decrease in nodule soluble protein. The time at which in1Sa nodules initially showed increased protease activity corresponded to when symbiosis deteriorated. High levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) protein were expressed in effective nodules by 12 d after inoculation and expression was associated with low proteolytic enzyme activity. In contrast, although PEPC was expressed in in1Sa nodules, PEPC protein was not found 12 d after inoculation and thereafter. Acidic protease from in1Sa nodules could also degrade purified leghemoglobin. These data indicate that premature senescence and low levels of late nodulins in in1Sa nodules can be correlated in part with increased proteolysis. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP PLADYS, D (reprint author), UNIV NICE,BIOL VEGETALE & MICROBIOL LAB,CNRS,PARC VALROSE,F-06108 SOPHIA ANTIPOLI 2,FRANCE. NR 28 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 103 IS 2 BP 379 EP 384 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MB642 UT WOS:A1993MB64200010 ER PT J AU SALVUCCI, ME AF SALVUCCI, ME TI COVALENT MODIFICATION OF A HIGHLY REACTIVE AND ESSENTIAL LYSINE RESIDUE OF RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE - OXYGENASE ACTIVASE SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RUBISCO ACTIVASE; RIBULOSEBISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; SUBUNIT INTERACTIONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BINDING; SPINACH; EXPRESSION; HYDROLYSIS; ATP AB Chemical modification of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase with water-soluble N-hydroxysuccinimide esters was used to identify a reactive lysyl residue that is essential for activity. Incubation of Rubisco activase with sulfosuccinimidyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetate AMCA-sulfo-NHS) or sulfosuccinimidyl-acetate(sulfo-NHS-acetate) caused progressive inactivation of ATPase activity and concomitant loss of the ability to activate Rubisco. AMCA-sulfo-NHS was the more potent inactivator of Rubisco activase, exhibiting a second-order rate constant for inactivation of 239 M-1 s-1 compared to 21 M-1 s-1 for sulfo-NHS-acetate. Inactivation of enzyme activity by AMCA-sulfo-NHS correlated with the incorporation of 1.9 mol of AMCA per mol of 42-kD Rubisco activase monomer. ADP, a competitive inhibitor of Rubisco activase, afforded considerable protection against inactivation of Rubisco activase and decreased the amount of AMCA incorporated into the Rubisco activase monomer. Sequence analysis of the major labeled peptide from AMCA-sulfo-NHS-modified enzyme showed that the primary site of modification was lysine-247 (K247) in the tetrapeptide methionine-glutamic acidlysine-phenylalanine. Upon complete inactivation of ATPase activity, modification of K247 accounted for 1 mol of AMCA incorporated per mol of Rubisco activase monomer. Photoaffinity labeling of AMCA-sulfo-NHS- and sulfo-NHS-acetate-modified Rubisco activase with ATP analogs derivatized on either the adenine base or on the gamma-phosphate showed that K247 is not essential for the binding of adenine nucleotides per se. Instead, the data indicated that the essentiality of K247 is probably due to an involvement of this highly reactive, species-invariant residue in an obligatory interaction that occurs between the protein and the nucleotide phosphate during catalysis. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP SALVUCCI, ME (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,USDA ARS,LEXINGTON,KY 40546, USA. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 103 IS 2 BP 501 EP 508 DI 10.1104/pp.103.2.501 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MB642 UT WOS:A1993MB64200026 PM 8029335 ER PT J AU MARKS, HL AF MARKS, HL TI GROWTH UNDER DIFFERENT NUTRITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS FOLLOWING SELECTION IN JAPANESE-QUAIL UNDER SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE JAPANESE QUAIL; SELECTION; BODY WEIGHT; DIETARY PROTEIN; ENVIRONMENT ID LONG-TERM SELECTION; 4-WEEK BODY-WEIGHT AB A study was conducted to investigate growth in quail lines selected under three nutritional environments when lines were exposed to several environments. Lines utilized were the P line selected for high 4-wk BW under a 28% CP diet, the T line selected for high 4-wk BW under a 20% CP diet containing .2% thiouracil (TU), and the S line derived from the T line in Generation 27 and thereafter selected for high BW under a 28% CP diet containing .2% TU. The randombred control (C) from which these lines originated was also utilized. In Experiment 1, quail progeny from Generation 70 breeders were fed diets containing 28% CP with 0, .05, .10, .20, and .40% TU added to the diet. In Experiment 2, P, T, S, and C progeny from Generation 72 breeders were evaluated under the three selection environments. Body weights were obtained weekly from 0 to 4 wk. In Experiment 1, P line quail had superior BW on the control diet whereas S and T line quail had superior BW on diets containing TU. Increasing TU levels resulted in progressive decreases in P and C line BW, however, TU had only minimal effects on BW in S and T line quail, resulting in line by diet interactions. In Experiment 2, the highest BW was found in quail receiving the 28% CP diet, however, all selected lines had superior BW to other lines under their respective selection environments. Across diets, T line quail had the highest 4-wk BW and P line quail had the lowest BW. The best overall performance was obtained from the line selected under the poorest environment. RP MARKS, HL (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,107 LIVESTOCK POULTRY BLDG,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 72 IS 10 BP 1841 EP 1846 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LY530 UT WOS:A1993LY53000005 ER PT J AU MARKS, HL AF MARKS, HL TI DIVERGENT SELECTION FOR GROWTH IN JAPANESE-QUAIL UNDER SPLIT AND COMPLETE NUTRITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS .6. DIFFERENTIAL BODY WEIGHTS IN RECIPROCAL CROSSES SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GROWTH; CROSSES; FEED INTAKE; FEED EFFICIENCY; GENOTYPE ID PATTERNS; FEED AB Growth patterns were investigated in reciprocal crosses of quail lines divergently selected for 4-wk BW. In Experiment 1, quail from two sets of high lines (H), and two sets of low lines (L), and their reciprocal crosses (HL and LH) from Generation 23 breeders were reared intermingled and fed a 28% CP diet. Individual BW data were collected weekly through 9 wk. Experiment 2 involved only reciprocal cross progeny (HL, LH) from Generation 26 breeders with quail placed in divided decks of battery brooders to allow collection of feed intake and feed efficiency (FE) data. Feed intake data were collected from 0 to 38 days and BW data from 0 to 69 days. Quail from the LH cross were significantly (P < .05) larger than quail from the HL cross from 0 to 14 days and 0 to 69 days in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Initial BW differences were expected because of the large egg size difference between H and L line dams; however, persistent BW differences were not anticipated. Initial feed intake was greater (25%) for LH than HL quail; however, when adjusted for BW, HL quail consistently consumed more feed per gram of BW than LH quail. Feed efficiencies were not significantly different for the two genotypes; however, smaller HL quail tended to have superior FE after 2 wk of age. Initial relative growth rates were 17 to 38% higher in HL quail; however, after Week 2 absolute gain was essentially identical for the reciprocal crosses. RP MARKS, HL (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,107 LIVESTOCK POULTRY BLDG,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 72 IS 10 BP 1847 EP 1854 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LY530 UT WOS:A1993LY53000006 ER PT J AU STANLEY, VG OJO, R WOLDESENBET, S HUTCHINSON, DH KUBENA, LF AF STANLEY, VG OJO, R WOLDESENBET, S HUTCHINSON, DH KUBENA, LF TI THE USE OF SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE TO SUPPRESS THE EFFECTS OF AFLATOXICOSIS IN BROILER CHICKS SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; AFLATOXIN; BODY WEIGHT; RELATIVE ORGAN WEIGHTS; BLOOD CHEMISTRY ID SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE; REDUCED GLUTATHIONE; ACTIVATED-CHARCOAL; DIETARY AFLATOXIN; YEAST; REDUCTION; TOXICITY AB Three hundred and sixty day-old commercial broiler chicks were assigned to a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to examine the effects of three levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0, .05, and .1% of feed, and two levels of aflatoxin, 0 and 5 ppm, singly and in combination on aflatoxicosis. Each treatment group was replicated three times. The S. cerevisiae and aflatoxin were incorporated in a standard commercial broiler ration and fed to chicks for 4 wk. Data were collected weekly on body weights, and at the end of the experiment on the relative weights of the liver, proventriculus, pancreas, and heart. Serum concentrations of the albumin, total protein, cholesterol, uric acid, triglycerides, and enzyme activities of alamine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactase dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase were also evaluated. Results showed that chicks receiving aflatoxin-contaminated feed had suppressed body weight (456 g), which significantly improved (516 g) with the inclusion of .1% S. cerevisiae. The relative weights of liver (3.58%), heart (.916%), and proventriculus (.770%), which increased significantly with the addition of 5 ppm of aflatoxin, were restored to 3.00, .783, and .680%, respectively, with the dietary inclusion of .1% S. cerevisiae. The serum concentrations of albumin and total protein (.66 and 1.62 g/100 mL), which were significantly decreased by aflatoxin, were elevated to.88 and 2.24 g/100 mL, respectively, with the inclusion of .1% S. cerevisiae. The activities of the enzymes, alamine transaminase, and creatine phosphokinase, which were also significantly depressed by aflatoxin, were restored to the control level. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase was increased but not to the activity level of the control with the inclusion of S. cerevisiae. C1 USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROD RES LAB,COLL STN,TX 77840. RP STANLEY, VG (reprint author), PRAIRIE VIEW A&M UNIV,COOPERAT AGR RES CTR,PRAIRIE VIEW,TX 77446, USA. NR 31 TC 79 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 72 IS 10 BP 1867 EP 1872 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LY530 UT WOS:A1993LY53000009 PM 8415359 ER PT J AU KOGUT, MH TELLEZ, G HARGIS, BM CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR AF KOGUT, MH TELLEZ, G HARGIS, BM CORRIER, DE DELOACH, JR TI THE EFFECT OF 5-FLUOROURACIL TREATMENT OF CHICKS - A CELL DEPLETION MODEL FOR THE STUDY OF AVIAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES AND NATURAL HOST DEFENSES SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 5-FLUOROURACIL; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; HETEROPHILS; GRANULOCYTOPENIA ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE; TURKEY HETEROPHIL; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; MICE; PHAGOCYTOSIS; NEUTROPHILS; INDUCTION AB Two-week-old Leghorn chicks injected intravenously with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were found to have a three- to fivefold reduction (P < .05) in circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) 5 to 10 days later. The reduction in PMN was dose-dependent with a dosage of 200 mg/kg body weight of 5-FU, causing suppression of PMN to almost undetectable levels. Increasing the dosage of 5-FU to 400 mg/kg had no further effect on reducing the number of PMN in the circulation nor were overt clinical signs of toxicity observed. Single per os administration of 10(6) viable Salmonella enteritidis (SE) to individual groups of chicks treated or not treated with 5-FU at 2,4,6, 8, 10, or 12 days postinjection resulted in a two- to sixfold increase in the incidence of SE organ invasion (liver and spleen) beginning on Day 4 postinjection and continuing through Day 12 postinjection. The greatest increase in organ invasion occurred on Days 8 through 10 postinjection and was inversely proportional to the greatest reduction in the number of circulating PMN. Using 5-FU, a granulocytopenic chicken model was developed that can be used to study the defensive role of avian heterophils against infectious agents. The results from these preliminary experiments indicate that PMN play a significant role in reducing organ invasion by SE in Leghorn chicks. RP KOGUT, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 62 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 72 IS 10 BP 1873 EP 1880 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LY530 UT WOS:A1993LY53000010 PM 8415360 ER PT J AU LYON, BG AF LYON, BG TI SENSORY PROFILE CHANGES IN BROILER TISSUES DUE TO COOKING, STORAGE, AND REHEATING SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE POULTRY; TISSUES; FLAVOR; SENSORY; AROMA ID WARMED-OVER FLAVOR; FROZEN STORAGE; CHICKEN MEAT; PHOSPHOLIPIDS AB Broiler tissues (breast, thigh, and skin) were evaluated individually to profile sensory flavor changes due to cooking, refrigerated storage (up to 5 days), and then reheating. Each storage time was compared with a freshly cooked sample (Control) by a trained descriptive analysis panel. Patterns of change in the three tissues were mapped by factor analysis (FA). Stored breast tissues differed significantly from Control breast tissues at each storage time for all descriptive attributes except meaty and liver-organy. Stored thigh tissues were significantly different from Control thigh tissues for all attributes except bitter and metallic at 1-day storage. Stored skin tissues, evaluated by aroma only, were significantly different from Control skin tissues for all attributes except meaty and liver-organy. Notes associated with ''on-flavors'' decreased with storage time. ''Off-notes'' (burned, cardboard, painty) increased with storage time. Bipolar plots of FA scores indicated that breast and thigh tissue differed at Day 0 on meaty and liver-organy notes but converged in a similar manner at Day 5, exhibiting off-notes of cardboard, and rancid-painty. There were significantly fewer changes in skin than in breast or thigh tissues. RP LYON, BG (reprint author), USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,ATHENS,GA 30613, USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSN INC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61802 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 72 IS 10 BP 1981 EP 1988 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA LY530 UT WOS:A1993LY53000023 ER PT J AU GAGNE, RJ STRONG, DR AF GAGNE, RJ STRONG, DR TI A NEW SPECIES OF DASINEURA (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE) GALLING LEAVES OF LUPINUS SPP (FABACEAE) IN CALIFORNIA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE GALL MIDGES; LUPINES; NEARCTIC AB A new species of gall midge, Dasineura lupinorum (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is described and illustrated. Larvae cause leaflet galls on Lupinus spp. (Fabaceae) in California and Oregon. The new species is distinguished from similar species of Dasineura, which also form leaflet galls on legumes, and from Dasineura lupini Felt, which forms a bud gall on lupines. RP GAGNE, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,PSI,SJG SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 95 IS 4 BP 541 EP 546 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MB644 UT WOS:A1993MB64400003 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, LM AF RUSSELL, LM TI A NEW SPECIES OF TRIALEURODES (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE) FROM PHLOX SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE ALEYRODIDAE; ABUTILONEUS GROUP; WHITEFLY; PHLOX AB Trialeurodes phlogis Russell, new species, was found on a mat-forming moss pink, Phlox subulata L. (Polemoniaceae), growing wild in the shale barrens of Virginia. Characters are given for separating T. phlogis from other species of the Abutiloneus Group of Trialeurodes. RP RUSSELL, LM (reprint author), USDA,INST PLANT SCI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,ROOM 6,BLDG 004,BARC-W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 95 IS 4 BP 583 EP 586 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MB644 UT WOS:A1993MB64400010 ER PT J AU SCHAUFF, ME SALVO, A AF SCHAUFF, ME SALVO, A TI TAXONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON THE GENUS PHYTOMYZOPHAGA (HYMENOPTERA, EULOPHIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE TAXONOMY; EULOPHIDAE; CHRYSOCHARIS; LEAFMINER; PARASITE; SOUTH-AMERICA AB The genus Phytomyzophaga Brethes (Eulophidae) is synonymized with Chrysocharis Forster. The type species, P. albipes Brethes, nec Ashmead, is given a new name (brethesi). Host records for this polyphagous leafminer (Agromyzidae) parasite are given. RP SCHAUFF, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS,PSI,MES SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 95 IS 4 BP 587 EP 589 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MB644 UT WOS:A1993MB64400011 ER PT J AU WHITCOMB, RF HICKS, AL AF WHITCOMB, RF HICKS, AL TI FLEXARIDA-CHAOTICA, NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF LEAFHOPPER (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE) FROM THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE LEAFHOPPER; GRASSLANDS; SEMIARID; SOUTHWEST AB In the course of a recent review of the genus Flexamia, a new species was discovered that, although apparently related to Flexamia and two other related genera (Spartopyge and Alapus), could not be assigned to an existing genus. The species has a highly reduced aedeagus with little trace of characters of other flexaminoid genera. Characters of the male plates and female sternum VII suggested that ancestors of this new species, which apparently specializes on Muhlenbergia arenacea or closely related grasses in alkaline flats of southern Arizona and New Mexico, diverged from the flexaminoid lineage prior to divergence of Flexamia. We name this species Flexarida chaotica. RP WHITCOMB, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 95 IS 4 BP 605 EP 610 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MB644 UT WOS:A1993MB64400014 ER PT J AU WIRTH, WW SPINELLI, GR AF WIRTH, WW SPINELLI, GR TI THE NORTH-AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE FORCIPOMYIA (LEPIDOHELEA) BICOLOR SUBGROUP (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE CERATOPOGONIDAE; FORCIPOMYIA; LEPIDOHELEA; BICOLOR SUBGROUP; TAXONOMIC REVISION; NEARCTIC; OPUNTIA CACTI; TREE BARK AB The bicolor Subgroup of the genus Forcipomyia Meigen, subgenus Lepidohelea Kieffer, is represented in the Nearctic Region by nine species. Keys are presented for their identification, and to distinguish them from other groups of the subgenus Lepidohelea in North America. The two previously known species, F. christiansoni Wirth and Hubert and F. varipennis Wirth and Williams, are redescribed and illustrated, as well as the following seven new species: acinacis, cochisei, dubiamima, eadsi, edmistoni, usingeri, and werneri. The immature stages of F. edmistoni and F. usingeri are described and illustrated; they were found under tree bark. F. christiansoni was reared from rotting Opuntia cacti in California. RP WIRTH, WW (reprint author), USDA,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WWW COOPERATING SCIENTIST,1304 NW 94TH ST,GAINESVILLE,FL 32606, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 95 IS 4 BP 611 EP 634 PG 24 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MB644 UT WOS:A1993MB64400015 ER PT J AU WOODLEY, NE AF WOODLEY, NE TI NAPEMYIA WEBB, A NEW SYNONYM OF DIALYSIS WALKER (DIPTERA, XYLOPHAGIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE DIPTERA; XYLOPHAGIDAE; NEW SYNONYMY; NEW COMBINATION AB Napemyia Webb is synonymized with Dialysis Walker based on reexamination of the unique holotype of the type species, N. illinoensis, and the characters Webb used to define the genus. The phylogenetics of Dialysis is briefly discussed. Dialysis illinoensis (Webb), n. comb., is regarded as a valid species. RP WOODLEY, NE (reprint author), USDA,PSI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,NHB 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 95 IS 4 BP 635 EP 638 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MB644 UT WOS:A1993MB64400016 ER PT J AU LEWIS, CG FIELDS, M LURE, MD AF LEWIS, CG FIELDS, M LURE, MD TI UNTITLED - COMMENTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID COPPER DEFICIENCY; DIETARY FRUCTOSE; RATS; MORTALITY RP LEWIS, CG (reprint author), USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,CARBOHYDRATE NUTR LAB,B-307,ROOM 323,BARC-E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0037-9727 J9 P SOC EXP BIOL MED JI Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 204 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA PC070 UT WOS:A1993PC07000001 PM 8372091 ER PT J AU TIERSCH, TR TIERSCH, TC AF TIERSCH, TR TIERSCH, TC TI CONSTRUCTION OF AN INEXPENSIVE LOW-TEMPERATURE INCUBATOR SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST LA English DT Note AB A simple and inexpensive procedure is described for the modification of standard compact refrigerators for use as incubators at temperatures between 0 degrees C and room temperature. C1 USDA ARS,CATFISH GENET RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. ELECTROCATALYT INC,MFG & PROC,UNION,NJ 07083. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0033-0779 J9 PROG FISH CULT JI Progress. Fish-Cult. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 55 IS 4 BP 292 EP 293 DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055<0292:COAILT>2.3.CO;2 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MF740 UT WOS:A1993MF74000016 ER PT J AU HARRIS, S DAWSONHUGHES, B AF HARRIS, S DAWSONHUGHES, B TI SEASONAL MOOD CHANGES IN 250 NORMAL WOMEN SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ANNUAL RHYTHMS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; THYROXINE; PROFILE OF MOOD STATES; DEPRESSION; VITAMIN-D ID AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MELATONIN SECRETION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SUPPLEMENTATION; STATES; ASSAY AB A 1-year prospective study of seasonal mood changes was conducted in 250 female Boston area residents, aged 43 to 72, who were participants in a study of vitamin D supplementation. Each woman completed the Profile of Mood States questionnaire at four study visits. There were significant changes over the year in scores for Tension-Anxiety, Depression-Dejection, Anger-Hostility, Fatigue-Inertia, and Confusion-Bewilderment. These scores were all highest or ''worst'' in the fall and lowest in the spring or summer. Worse mood scores were associated with fewer hours of sleep. Serum thyroxine was positively associated with higher Depression-Dejection scores in August through November and with higher (better) Vigor-Activity scores in February through May. Supplementation with 400 IU of vitamin D did not appear to affect levels or changes in mood scores. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,CALCIUM & BONE METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 35 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0165-1781 J9 PSYCHIAT RES JI Psychiatry Res. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 49 IS 1 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1016/0165-1781(93)90031-B PG 11 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA MQ005 UT WOS:A1993MQ00500006 PM 8140183 ER PT J AU HOF, JG RIDEOUT, D AF HOF, JG RIDEOUT, D TI A PROBABILISTIC APPROACH TO JOINT COST ALLOCATION IN PUBLIC PROJECTS SO PUBLIC FINANCE QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID GAME AB It is well known that joint cost allocations should not be used in making output decisions, but they might be required for budgeting or accounting purposes. This article develops approaches to joint cost allocation that minimize the chance of disturbing a correctly determined output set when cost information is not known with certainty. The approaches developed are shown in a case example to have the potential to substantially decrease the chance of cost allocations motivating output distortions, relative to extant methods. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP HOF, JG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0048-5853 J9 PUBLIC FINANC QUART JI Public Financ. Q. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 21 IS 4 BP 399 EP 414 DI 10.1177/109114219302100403 PG 16 WC Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA LX204 UT WOS:A1993LX20400003 ER PT J AU HEMINGWAY, RJ DORN, E ROBERTS, TR HOLLAND, PT AHARONSON, N AMBRUS, A GOLOVLEVA, LA HOLLINGWORTH, RM VONK, JW KURIHARA, N PAULSON, GD COHEN, SZ DONZEL, B HOLLAND, PT KLEIN, AW OTTO, S SHARP, DB EADSFORTH, CV GRANEY, R OHLIN, B WAUCHOPE, RD GREENHALGH, R LI, Z KOVACIKOVA, J IWAN, J DUTKA, F KALRA, RL MIYAMOTO, J HENG, CK TAN, HS VITOROVIC, SL PARK, KP ROBERTS, TR KEARNEY, PC AF HEMINGWAY, RJ DORN, E ROBERTS, TR HOLLAND, PT AHARONSON, N AMBRUS, A GOLOVLEVA, LA HOLLINGWORTH, RM VONK, JW KURIHARA, N PAULSON, GD COHEN, SZ DONZEL, B HOLLAND, PT KLEIN, AW OTTO, S SHARP, DB EADSFORTH, CV GRANEY, R OHLIN, B WAUCHOPE, RD GREENHALGH, R LI, Z KOVACIKOVA, J IWAN, J DUTKA, F KALRA, RL MIYAMOTO, J HENG, CK TAN, HS VITOROVIC, SL PARK, KP ROBERTS, TR KEARNEY, PC TI USE OF ISOLATED CELLS TO STUDY THE METABOLISM OF AGROCHEMICALS IN ANIMALS SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ISOLATED RAT HEPATOCYTES; HUMAN ADULT HEPATOCYTES; ISOLATED KIDNEY-CELLS; DRUG-METABOLISM; XENOBIOTIC METABOLISM; LIVER-MICROSOMES; CYTOCHROME-P-450 CONTENT; SUBCELLULAR-FRACTIONS; BETA-NORTESTOSTERONE; PORCINE HEPATOCYTES AB Isolated cells derived from various organs of animals can be used to obtain a variety of information on the metabolism of agrochemicals and xenobiotics in intact animals. Isolated cells catalyze various phase I and II reactions and generally more closely mimic intact animal systems than do other in vitro systems. However the utility of isolated cells is limited by technical difficulties including isolation techniques, preincubation times, separation of heterogenous cells and the difficulty in maintaining catalytic activity for a long period of time. Thus, improved techniques for isolating cells and for maintaining the viability of isolated cells are needed. Studies on the relationship between results obtained with isolated cells and with intact animals, and results obtained with animal cells and human cells are also required. Studies with cells containing expressed human enzymes are desirable. C1 HORT & FOOD RES INST NEW ZEALAND LTD,HAMILTON,NEW ZEALAND. KYOTO UNIV,RADIOISOTOPE RES CTR,KYOTO 60601,JAPAN. USDA ARS,FARGO,ND 58105. SUMITOMO CHEM CO LTD,TAKARAZUKA,HYOGO 665,JAPAN. BASF,LANDWIRTSCHAFTL VERSUCHSTN,W-6703 LIMBURGERHOF,GERMANY. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,PESTICIDE RES CTR,E LANSING,MI 48824. RI Otto, Sijbren/E-9568-2014 NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 65 IS 10 BP 2299 EP 2312 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MB889 UT WOS:A1993MB88900024 ER PT J AU FARRAR, H DERR, DD VEHAR, DW AF FARRAR, H DERR, DD VEHAR, DW TI ADVANCEMENTS IN INTERNATIONALLY ACCEPTED STANDARDS FOR RADIATION PROCESSING SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8TH INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON RADIATION PROCESSING CY SEP 13-18, 1992 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA DE ABSORBED DOSE; DOSE MEASUREMENT; DOSIMETRY; DOSIMETRY STANDARDS; FOOD IRRADIATION; FOOD PROCESSING; RADIATION HARDNESS TESTING; RADIATION PROCESSING AB Three subcommittees of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) are developing standards on various aspects of radiation processing. subcommittee E10.01 ''Dosimetry for Radiation Processing'' has published 9 standards on how to select and calibrate dosimeters, where to put them, how many to use, and how to use individual types of dosimeter systems. The group is also developing standards on how to use gamma, electron beam, and x-ray facilities for radiation processing, and a standard on how to treat dose uncertainties. Efforts are underway to promote inclusion of these standards into procedures now being developed by government agencies and by international groUps such as the United Nations' International Consultative Group on Food Irradiation (ICGFI) in order co harmonize regulations and help avoid trade barriers. Subcommittee F10.10 ''Food Processing and Packaging'' has completed standards on good irradiation practices for meat and poultry and for fresh fruits, and is developing similar standards for the irradiation of seafood and spices. These food-related standards are based on practices previously published by ICGFI. Subcommittee E10.07 on ''Radiation Dosimetry for Radiation Effects on Materials and Devices'' principally develops standards for determining doses for radiation hardness testing of electronics. Some, including their standards on the Fricke and TLD dosimetry systems are equally useful in other radiation processing applications. C1 USDA,ASTM SUBCOM F1010,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. SANDIA NATL LABS,ASTM SUBCOMM E1007,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP FARRAR, H (reprint author), ASTM SUBCOMM E1001,18 FLINTLOCK LANE,BELL CANYON,CA 91307, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0146-5724 J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 42 IS 4-6 BP 853 EP 856 DI 10.1016/0969-806X(93)90388-B PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA LK325 UT WOS:A1993LK32500062 ER PT J AU PINTER, PJ AF PINTER, PJ TI SOLAR ANGLE INDEPENDENCE IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ABSORBED PAR AND REMOTELY-SENSED DATA FOR ALFALFA SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; VEGETATION INDEXES; CORN CANOPIES; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; WHEAT; TRANSPIRATION; ABSORPTANCE AB Multispectral vegetation indices are often used to estimate the proportion of incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 0.4-0.7 mum) that is absorbed by plants for potential use in photosynthesis. Field experiments were conducted near Phoenix, Arizona to establish such predictive capabilities for alfalfa and also to determine the effect Of varying solar zenith angles (theta(s)) on the relationships. The fraction of absorbed PAR (fA(PAR)) was measured using a 1-m long line quantum sensor. Canopy reflectance measurements (red, 0.61-0.68 mum; near-infrared, 0.79-0.89 mum) were obtained with a hand-held radiometer. Data were collected for theta(s) from 27-degrees to 72-degrees. Statistically significant relationships were observed between fA(PAR) and red reflectance factors (r2 = 0.97) and several commonly used vegetation indices (ratio, r2 = 0.96, normalized difference, r = 0.96; and soil adjusted, r2 = 0.93). Actual values of these parameters varied with time of day, but the relationships between fA(PAR) and various indices derived from reflectance observations were independent of theta(s), extending the potential usefulness of remote sensing approaches for inferring changes in fA(PAR) at various times of the day and different seasons and latitudes. RP PINTER, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,US WATER CONSERVAT LAB,4331 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 46 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(93)90029-W PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA LX456 UT WOS:A1993LX45600002 ER PT J AU STEFFENS, GL JACOBS, FW ENGELHAUPT, ME AF STEFFENS, GL JACOBS, FW ENGELHAUPT, ME TI SIZE, FLOWERING AND FRUITING OF MATURING OWN-ROOTED GALA APPLE-TREES TREATED WITH PACLOBUTRAZOL SPRAYS AND TRUNK DRENCHES SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE APPLE; FRUIT LOAD; FRUIT QUALITY; MALUS-DOMESTICA; PACLOBUTRAZOL; PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR ID DELICIOUS APPLES; GROWTH; SEEDLINGS; INHIBITOR AB Four-year-old, own-rooted, micropropagated cultivar 'Gala' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees were, (1) untreated, (2 ) treated with paclobutrazol (paclo) sprays (SP) at 500 or 1000 mg l-1) 2, 4 and 6 weeks after full bloom or (3) treated with the 500 or 1000 mg l-1 paclo sprays plus a paclo trunk drench (TD) at 2.9 g per tree (SP + TD) in mid-May. Fruit load on trees of one treatment set was left intact (normal load) whereas 30-40% of the fruit was removed annually from the other set (reduced load) after 'June drop'. Reducing fruit load in late May or early June over the 6-year period had little influence on vegetative growth, flower density, or fruit quality but fruit yields and the 6-year yield efficiency index were reduced. There were few differences between paclo 500 and paclo 1000 SP treatments. Compared with paclo SP + TD, paclo SP treatments caused fewer and less persistent changes. Over the 6-year period, paclo SP reduced trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) 17% whereas paclo SP + TD reduced it by 49%. Flowering, fruit size and yield were minimally altered by paclo SP but paclo SP + TD reduced flower clusters over two seasons and reduced the 6-year average number of fruit per tree. Trees treated with paclo via sprays plus the trunk drench, especially paclo 1000 SP + TD, tended to develop biennial flowering patterns. Weight per fruit was reduced in two seasons by paclo SP + TD but it was greater in seasons when fruit numbers were reduced (low number of flowers). Fruit yields were reduced over four seasons by paclo SP + TD resulting in an overall yield reduction of 27% however, because TCSA was reduced by paclo SP + TD, the 6-year yield efficiency index (fruit yield per unit TCSA) was increased. Six-year average fruit length to width ratios were lower and russeting ratings were higher for fruit from trees receiving paclo SP + TD treatments compared with controls. Paclobutrazol did not alter net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, leaf chlorophyll content or specific leaf weight the third season after treatment. RP STEFFENS, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 56 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1016/0304-4238(93)90097-A PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA LZ593 UT WOS:A1993LZ59300002 ER PT J AU CHAUBAL, R REGER, BJ AF CHAUBAL, R REGER, BJ TI PREPOLLINATION DEGENERATION IN MATURE SYNERGIDS OF PEARL-MILLET - AN EXAMINATION USING ANTIMONATE FIXATION TO LOCALIZE CALCIUM SO SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE ANGIOSPERM FERTILIZATION; CHEMOTROPISM; EGG APPARATUS; EMBRYO SAC; FILIFORM APPARATUS; POLLEN TUBE ID EGG APPARATUS; FERTILIZATION; CELLS; WHEAT; MEGAGAMETOPHYTE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; NICOTIANA; OVARIES AB The pattern of degeneration in mature synergids of pearl millet prior to pollination was examined by transmission electron microscopy after conventional and antimonate fixation to precipitate loosely sequestered calcium (Ca). The extent of degeneration and the distribution of Ca in a synergid varied among samples, and also between some sister synergids. However, there seemed to be no difference between sister synergids in the total amount of precipitates present in each cell. Characteristic signs of degeneration in the antimonate-fixed synergids were: a gap above the filiform apparatus with fibrillar material, precipitates, and fusing or disintegrating membranes; increased precipitates in the nucleus, nucleolus, and endoplasmic reticulum; fusion or collapse of a few vacuoles in the chalazal core with precipitates and flocculent material deposited nearby. The numerous mitochondria and proplastids in the micropylar portion of the synergid remained intact and mostly free of precipitates. The shape and content of the chalazal vacuoles appeared to be disparate and dependent on the fixation procedure as well as the extent of degeneration within a synergid. The results suggest that the sister synergids of pearl millet undergo autonomous degeneration apparently in two independent sequences that may be spatially and temporally separated. The vacuoles appear to be dynamic organelles that store Ca in association with some other material. A high concentration of Ca may be localized along or between the common wall of the two filiform apparatuses. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0934-0882 J9 SEX PLANT REPROD JI Sex. Plant Reprod. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 6 IS 4 BP 225 EP 238 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology GA MF015 UT WOS:A1993MF01500002 ER PT J AU HAMMOND, AC WILDEUS, S AF HAMMOND, AC WILDEUS, S TI EFFECTS OF COCONUT MEAL OR FISH-MEAL SUPPLEMENTATION ON PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND DIET DIGESTIBILITY IN GROWING ST-CROIX LAMBS FED A TROPICAL GRASS-BASED DIET SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE TROPICAL FORAGE; FISH MEAL SUPPLEMENTATION; TROPICAL HAIR SHEEP; CARCASS AB Performance and carcass characteristics of St. Croix lambs fed chopped forage, predominantly guineagrass (Panicum maximum), was evaluated in three 60-d trials. Treatments in trial 1 were chopped guineagrass ad libitum only (CONT), CONT plus coconut meal (COCO) and CONT plus fish meal (FISH). Supplements (SUPP) were offered at the rate of 9 g CP.kg body weight (BW)-1.d-1. Treatments in trial 2 were guineagrass fed ad libitum and molasses fed at the rate of 10 g.kg BW-1.d-1 (MCONT), MCONT plus coconut meal (MCOCO) and MCONT plus fish meal (MFISH), SUPP offered at the rate of 4 g CP.kg BW-1.d-1. Treatments in trial 3 were MCONT and MCONT plus a 3:1 (C3F1) or 1:3 (C1F3) mixture of coconut meal and fish meal offered at 10 g.kg BW-1.d-1. In trial 1, CONT (forage only) lambs lost weight (-0.056 kg/d), while SUPP lambs pined slightly (0.024 to 0.133 kg/d). Apparent digestibilities, particularly for N, were improved with SUPP, but were not different between COCO and FISH. With the addition of molasses to all diets in trial 2, weight pins were all positive, were higher in SUPP compared with MCONT (P<0.01), and were higher in MCOCO compared with MFISH (P<0.10). Apparent digestibility of N again was increased by SUPP (P<0.001) and was greater for MFISH than for MCOCO (P<0.05). In trial 3, CONT lambs again lost weight because of poor forage quality despite addition of molasses to the diets. Performance was improved by SUPP as expected, but weight pins were similar between the two ratios of coconut meal and fish meal that were fed. Throughout all three trials, quality of chopped pasture appeared to have a large effect on lamb performance that was favorably affected by SUPP, particularly with coconut meal. RP HAMMOND, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES STN,POB 46,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34605, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 12 IS 1 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1016/0921-4488(93)90034-F PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MF342 UT WOS:A1993MF34200002 ER PT J AU ANGLE, JS CHANEY, RL RHEE, D AF ANGLE, JS CHANEY, RL RHEE, D TI BACTERIAL-RESISTANCE TO HEAVY-METALS RELATED TO EXTRACTABLE AND TOTAL METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN SOIL AND MEDIA SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SOILS; POPULATIONS; CADMIUM; ZINC; JAPONICUM; PATTERNS; TOXICITY; COPPER AB To assess the effects of heavy metal pollution on terrestrial systems, bacteria are frequently isolated from such environments and metal tolerance of the isolates determined by plating on media amended with high concentrations of metal salts. We have found that metal concentrations added to media in traditional assays are orders-of-magnitude higher than water soluble concentrations of Zn, Cd and Ni in soil, even highly contaminated soil. Further. many soil bacteria are intrinsically resistant to high concentrations of heavy metals, thereby precluding the need to adapt to metal contamination. Most bacteria isolated from soil were resistant to very high concentrations of heavy metals, regardless of whether or not the soils were contaminated with metals. The average tolerance to Zn of bacteria isolated from highly contaminated soil was 75 mg l-1 but the concentration of extractable Zn from the soil was only 0.47 mg kg-1 In a non-contaminated soil, the average bacterial tolerance of Zn and extractable soil concentration of Zn were 26 mg l-1 and 0.04 mg kg-1, respectively. Defining soil metal concentrations by extractable concentrations as opposed to total concentrations is a more appropriate measure of potential bacterial changes and may elucidate ecosystem changes that might otherwise go undetected. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,ENVIRONM CHEM LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ANGLE, JS (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1443 EP 1446 DI 10.1016/0038-0717(93)90059-K PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA LZ396 UT WOS:A1993LZ39600015 ER PT J AU SIGUA, GC ISENSEE, AR SADEGHI, AM AF SIGUA, GC ISENSEE, AR SADEGHI, AM TI INFLUENCE OF RAINFALL INTENSITY AND CROP RESIDUE ON LEACHING OF ATRAZINE THROUGH INTACT NO-TILL SOIL CORES SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; WATER; MACROPORES; MOVEMENT; INFILTRATION; TRANSPORT; CHEMICALS; COLUMNS AB Pesticide leaching way be affected by rainfall parameters and the amount and type of vegetation on the soil surface. This study was conducted to determine the effect of rainfall intensity and crop residue on the movement of [ring-C-14]atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-8-triazine) and bromide (Br) through no-till (NT) cores. Undisturbed soil cores (10 cm diameter by 8 cm depth) were taken from the surface horizon of a NT corn (Zea mays L.) field. The cores were surface treated with 1.3 kg ai ha-1 atrazine and 150 kg ha-1 of Br and subjected to simulated rainfall at 3, 6, 9, or 12 mm h-1. The amount of crop residue on the surface of another set of soil cores was adjusted to 0, 2000, 4000, and 8000 kg ha-1, then treated with atrazine and subjected to 9 mm h-1 of simulated rain. Overall, the transport of atrazine and Br were significantly (P < 0.01) affected by rainfall intensity. An average of 92% (Br) and 52% (atrazine) of the total amount applied was leached through the soil cores by 2 pore volumes (520 ml) of simulated rain applied at 12 mm h-1 compared with 61% for Br and 33% for atrazine at the 3-mm h-1 rate. Covering soil cores with 2000 or 8000 kg ha-1 of crop residue reduced atrazine leaching by 26 to 37%, respectively, compared with soil cores without crop residue. Soil cores covered with recently harvested vegetation reduced atrazine leaching by 39% compared with cores covered with aged crop residue. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,PESTICIDE DEGRADAT LAB,BLDG 050,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 20 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 156 IS 4 BP 225 EP 232 DI 10.1097/00010694-199310000-00002 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ME343 UT WOS:A1993ME34300002 ER PT J AU DEITZ, LL DIETRICH, CH AF DEITZ, LL DIETRICH, CH TI SUPERFAMILY MEMBRACOIDEA (HOMOPTERA, AUCHENORRHYNCHA) .1. INTRODUCTION AND REVISED CLASSIFICATION WITH NEW FAMILY-GROUP TAXA SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A key and descriptions are given for the four families here recognized for the superfamily Membracidae Rafinesque, 1815: Cicadellidae Latreille, 1825 (sensu Oman et al., 1990), Melizoderidae, fam.n., Aetalionidae Spinola, 1850 (redefined here), and Membracidae Rafinesque, 1815 (redefined here). The following placements are corroborated: Cicadelloidea Latreille, 1825, is a junior synonym of Membracoidea Rafinesque, 1815; Biturritiidae Metcalf, 1951, is a junior synonym of Aetalionidae Spinola, 1850; Nicomiidae Haupt, 1929, is a junior synonym of Membracidae Rafinesque, 1815. The new family Melizoderidae includes two genera: Melizoderes Spinola and Llanquihuea Linnavuori and DeLong. Within Aetalionidae, the subfamily Biturritiinae is redefined to include only five genera. Within the family Membracidae, the subfamily Endoiastinae, subfam.n., is described; the subfamilies Centronodinae Deitz, 1975, status n. (with tribe Centronodini Deitz, 1975, including the genus Paracentronodus Sakakibara, 1971, new placement), and Centrodontinae Deitz, 1975, status n. (with tribe Centrodontini Deitz, 1975), are recognized for the first time; and the following groups are redefined: subfamilies Stegaspidinae Haupt, 1929, Nicomiinae Haupt, 1929, and Membracinae Rafinesque, 1815; and tribe Stegaspidini Haupt, 1929 (Stegaspidinae). The new subfamily Endoiastinae includes three genera: Endoiastus Fowler, Scytodepsa Stal, and Stictodepsa Stal. Endoiastus productus Osborn, 1922, is placed as a junior synonym of Stictodepsa neotropicalis Kirkaldy, 1909, syn.n. Lectotypes are designated and illustrated for Tettigonia muscaria Fabricius, 1803 (now Lophyraspis muscaria) and Cicada fuscata Fabricius, 1803 (now Stictodepsa neotropicalis Kirkaldy, 1909). C1 NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC. RP DEITZ, LL (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,BOX 7613,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. RI Dietrich, Christopher/A-9169-2016 OI Dietrich, Christopher/0000-0003-4005-4305 NR 55 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0307-6970 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 18 IS 4 BP 287 EP 296 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00667.x PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA MM792 UT WOS:A1993MM79200002 ER PT J AU DIETRICH, CH DEITZ, LL AF DIETRICH, CH DEITZ, LL TI SUPERFAMILY MEMBRACOIDEA (HOMOPTERA, AUCHENORRHYNCHA) .2. CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Homologies among traditional morphological characters in the Membracoidea (sensu lato) are reassessed and the phylogenetic relationships among higher membracoid taxa are explored, incorporating new morphological evidence from nymphs and adults. Weighted and unweighted parsimony analyses of a matrix of Sixty-three characters and thirty-nine OTUs representing the families Aetalionidae, Cicadellidae, Melizoderidae and Membracidae, and an outgroup (superfamily Cercopoidea) yielded various topologies that were largely congruent but presented alternative hypotheses of relationships among the Membracidae. These analyses indicate that the superfamily consists of the following clades: Cicadellidae + (Melizoderidae + (Aetalionidae + Membracidae)). The family Membracidae, traditionally characterized by the presence of a posterior pronotal process, apparently gave rise to Nicomia Stal and other genera that lack this process. C1 NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,USDA ARS,SYSTEM ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RI Dietrich, Christopher/A-9169-2016 OI Dietrich, Christopher/0000-0003-4005-4305 NR 41 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0307-6970 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 18 IS 4 BP 297 EP 311 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3113.1993.tb00668.x PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA MM792 UT WOS:A1993MM79200003 ER PT J AU BORMETT, DW SPENADEL, PA AF BORMETT, DW SPENADEL, PA TI MIGRATION OF METALS THROUGH LINERBOARD - AN EXPLORATORY-STUDY SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CORRUGATED BOARDS; FIBER BOARDS; FLEXOGRAPHY; LINER BOARDS; METALS; MIGRATION; STARCH; WASH WATERS AB Corrugating adhesive prepared with flexographic wash water may contain metal compounds or complexes. For some purposes, these metals must remain in situ; that is, they must not migrate from the glueline through the linerboard to the product in the container. This exploratory study examined metal migration behavior under the influence of an isothermal moisture gradient. Movement of metals, as indicated by a concentration build- up near the outer surface of the linerboard, was not found. The concentrations of metals contained in the commercial wash water supplied for this study were small compared to that of the background metals in the linerboard. These background metals also masked any introduced metals. C1 HARPER LOVE ADHESIVES CORP,CHARLOTTE,NC 28241. RP BORMETT, DW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 76 IS 10 BP 19 EP 25 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA MA717 UT WOS:A1993MA71700007 ER PT J AU WELCH, CM PETERS, JG AF WELCH, CM PETERS, JG TI CURING AGENTS HAVING LOW OR ZERO PHOSPHORUS-CONTENT FOR FORMALDEHYDE FREE DP FINISHING WITH POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE ALKALI METAL SALTS; ALPHA-HYDROXY ACIDS; BTCA; COTTON; CURING CATALYST; DURABLE PRESS; FINISHING; SODIUM BROMIDE; SODIUM HYPOPHOSPHITE ID DURABLE PRESS; COTTON; PERFORMANCE; ADDITIVES AB The use of sodium bromide as a cocatalyst for DP finishing of cotton fabrics with polycarboxylic acids permits a decrease of as much as 75% in the amount of sodium hypophosphite required as a curing catalyst. This lowers the chemical costs and the amount of phosphorus compounds that need to be recovered from spent treating solutions which in many states cannot be disposed of in rivers or lakes. Tertiary alkanolamines, as well as their phosphoric and metaphosphoric acid salts, also serve to decrease the amount of hypophosphite catalyst needed. A feature of triethanolamine as a crosslink modifier is that it increases the strength and flex abrasion resistance retained by the fabric during DP treatment. In this respect, triethanolamine is superior to glycerol or pentaerythritol. The sodium salts of alpha-hydroxy polycarboxylic acids can serve as direct replacements for sodium hypophosphite or other phosphorus compounds as curing agents for BTCA. In DP properties and durability to alkaline laundering, the treated fabrics perform nearly as well as those cured with sodium hypophosphite as catalyst and exhibit improved retention of tensile strength and flex abrasion resistance. Small amounts of boric acid in the formulation maintain fabric whiteness during heat curing. RP WELCH, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 25 IS 10 BP 25 EP 29 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA ME171 UT WOS:A1993ME17100004 ER PT J AU RADHAKRISHNAIAH, P TEJATANALERT, S SAWHNEY, APS AF RADHAKRISHNAIAH, P TEJATANALERT, S SAWHNEY, APS TI HANDLE AND COMFORT PROPERTIES OF WOVEN FABRICS MADE FROM RANDOM BLEND AND COTTON-COVERED COTTON POLYESTER YARNS SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STAPLE-CORE YARN AB Two identically constructed cotton/polyester fabrics, one made from polyester staple-core/cotton-covered yarn and the other from a random blend yarn, were evaluated for their low-stress mechanical properties and hand quality, following the objective hand evaluation approach developed by Kawabata. Heat energy dissipation through the fabrics under dry and wet contact conditions and their warm-cool contact sensations were measured using Kawabata's new ''Thermolabo Device.'' Comparison of the low-stress mechanical properties revealed that the fabric made of polyester-core/cotton-covered yam is more resilient to tensile and compressive deformation and has higher bending rigidity, lower tensile elongation, and lower shear modulus. The same fabric also gives higher values for all four primary hand qualities and for total hand quality associated with a men's summer suit application. For a women's thin dress application, it gives higher values for five out of the six primary hand qualities. It also offers a cooler contact sensation and much less variation in contact sensation along its length compared to the fabric from the random blend yam. The amount of heat energy dissipated through the fabric made of cotton-covered yam was lower under dry contact (nonsweating) conditions and higher under wet contact (sweating) conditions, suggesting that this fabric may have a better thermal comfort value for cold and dry (winter) as well as hot and humid (summer) weather conditions. Energy dissipation along the fabric also varied much less for the material from cotton-covered yam. This work not only identifies differences in the subjective properties of the fabrics in quantitative terms, but also demonstrates the value of Kawabata's methods for designing and producing superior quality apparel fabrics. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP RADHAKRISHNAIAH, P (reprint author), GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH TEXT & FIBER ENGN,ATLANTA,GA 30332, USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 7 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 63 IS 10 BP 573 EP 579 DI 10.1177/004051759306301003 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA LY557 UT WOS:A1993LY55700003 ER PT J AU ROUSSELLE, MA DOMELSMITH, LN AF ROUSSELLE, MA DOMELSMITH, LN TI ENDOTOXIN REDUCTION IN COTTON FIBERS - EFFECT OF FLASH HEATING ON ENDOTOXIN CONTENT, FIBER PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES, AND PROCESSABILITY SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DUST AB Raw cotton fiber was heated by three processes (metal plates, forced draft laboratory oven, and gas-fired pilot plant dryer) to compare their effect on endotoxin content of the fiber. To achieve about 90% reduction in endotoxin content, it was necessary to treat the cotton between the metal plates for 120 seconds at 215-degrees-C (419-degrees-F), in the forced draft oven for 60 seconds at 250-degrees-C (482-degrees-F), or in the pilot plant dryer for 15-20 seconds at 250-degrees-255-degrees-C (500-degrees-F). Fabric could be knit from heated cotton despite reductions in fiber bundle tenacity and elongation and yam tenacity caused by the heat treatment. Heat-induced discoloration could be eliminated by a desize/scour/bleach treatment of fabric knit from heated cotton. RP ROUSSELLE, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 63 IS 10 BP 595 EP 603 DI 10.1177/004051759306301005 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA LY557 UT WOS:A1993LY55700005 ER PT J AU BOGYO, TP PAULIS, JW BIETZ, JA SMITH, JSC AF BOGYO, TP PAULIS, JW BIETZ, JA SMITH, JSC TI QUANTITATIVE GENETIC-STUDIES OF A/B ZEINS USING A NEW MODEL TO TEST NON-ALLELIC INTERACTIONS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE ZEIN; ZEA-MAYS L; CORN; GENETIC LINKAGES; RP-HPLC; PROTEINS; PROLAMINS; INHERITANCE; QUANTITATION; MODEL ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PROTEINS AB A genetic model developed by Bogyo et al. (1988) for quantitatively inherited triploid endosperm characters (an extension of the well-known Mather-Jinks model) is not well-suited for estimating epistatic interaction effects because it requires the assumption that, in segregating loci, all alleles positively affecting a particular character are in one of the inbred parental lines. To better explain zein inheritance in maize, a new model was developed not relying on this assumption. This model was tested by quantitative analysis of A/B zeins, the predominant prolamin storage proteins of maize, using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of two inbred lines, their reciprocal F1 crosses, the F2 generation, backcrosses, and reciprocal backcrosses to both parent lines. The model required epistatic components to be included for an excellent fit for most protein peaks. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FOOD PHYS CHEM RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. PIONEER HI BRED INT INC,DEPT TECH SUPPORT,JOHNSTON,IA 50131. RP BOGYO, TP (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 87 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA MF026 UT WOS:A1993MF02600006 PM 24190188 ER PT J AU HAWBAKER, MS FEHR, WR MANSUR, LM SHOEMAKER, RC PALMER, RG AF HAWBAKER, MS FEHR, WR MANSUR, LM SHOEMAKER, RC PALMER, RG TI GENETIC-VARIATION FOR QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN SOYBEAN LINES DERIVED FROM TISSUE-CULTURE SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE TISSUE CULTURE; SOMACLONAL VARIATION; EMBRYOGENESIS; GLYCINE-MAX (L) MERR ID SOMACLONAL VARIATION; PLANTS; PROGENY AB Tissue culture may generate useful genetic variation for quantitative traits. The objective of this study was to analyze genetic variation for ten quantitative traits of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] among lines derived from the tissue culture of three cultivars. The three cultivars used to obtain R0 plants from tissue culture were ''BSR 101'', ''Hodgson 78'', and ''Jilin 3''. A total of 63 R0-derived lines of BSR 101, eight of Hodgson 78, and 42 of Jilin 3 was planted with the untreated controls in row plots in a randomized complete-block design with three replications at two locations for each of 2 years. The traits evaluated were days to beginning bloom (R1), beginning seed (R5), beginning maturity (R7), full maturity (R8), height, lodging, seed yield, seed weight, protein content, and oil content. Significant (P < 0.05) variation was observed among lines for each of the ten quantitative traits. There was 57.1% of the BSR 101 lines, 87.5% of the Hodgson 78 lines, and 76.2% of the Jilin 3 lines that were significantly different from the controls for at least one trait. The percentages of lines that were significantly different from the control for an individual trait ranged from 2.7% for oil content to 25.7% for R7. The magnitude of the changes was relatively small. Although this genetic variation may be useful for cultivar development, greater variability at less expense would be expected with conventional artificial hybridization. C1 UNIV UTAH,DEPT BIOL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84110. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FCR,DEPT AGRON ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP HAWBAKER, MS (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 87 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA MF026 UT WOS:A1993MF02600009 PM 24190191 ER PT J AU NELSON, CD NANCE, WL DOUDRICK, RL AF NELSON, CD NANCE, WL DOUDRICK, RL TI A PARTIAL GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP OF SLASH PINE (PINUS-ELLIOTTII ENGELM VAR ELLIOTTII) BASED ON RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNAS SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE PINUS-ELLIOTTII VAR ELLIOTTII; MEGAGAMETOPHYTE; RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD); GENETIC LINKAGE MAP; CRONARTIUM-QUERCUUM F SP FUSIFORME ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; IMPROVEMENT; MARKERS; SEGREGATION; CONIFERS; GENOME AB A set of 420 random, 10-base, oligonucleotide primers was screened for random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments within a sample of eight megagametophyte DNAs of a single slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) tree. The apparently repeatable RAPD fragments were further characterized within a sample of 68 megagametophytes from the same tree. Fragments segregating in a 1:1, present-to-absent, ratio were classified and mapped using multi-point linkage analysis. The analysis revealed 13 linkage groups of at least three loci, ranging in size from 28 to 68 cM, and nine linked pairs of loci. The 22 groups and pairs included 73 RAPD markers and covered a genetic map distance of approximately 782 cM. Genome size estimates, based on linkage data, ranged from 2880 to 3360 cM. Using a 30-cM map scale and including the 24 unlinked markers and the ends of the 13 linkage groups and nine linked pairs, the set of RAPD markers accounts for approximately 2160 cM or 64-75% of the genome. This extent of genomic coverage should allow for the efficient mapping of genes responsible for a reaction to the causal agent of fusiform rust disease, Cronartium quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme. RP NELSON, CD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,1925 34TH ST,POB 2008,GULFPORT,MS 39505, USA. NR 30 TC 100 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 87 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 151 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA MF026 UT WOS:A1993MF02600024 PM 24190206 ER PT J AU REUSS, JO VERTUCCI, FA MUSSELMAN, RC SOMMERFELD, RA AF REUSS, JO VERTUCCI, FA MUSSELMAN, RC SOMMERFELD, RA TI BIOGEOCHEMICAL FLUXES IN THE GLACIER LAKES CATCHMENTS SO USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article RP REUSS, JO (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROCKY MT FOREST RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION PI FT COLLINS PA 3825 EAST MULBERRY ST, FT COLLINS, CO 80524-8597 SN 0502-5001 J9 USDA FOR SERV RM RES JI USDA For. Serv. Rocky Mt. For. Range Exp Stn. Res. Pap. PD OCT PY 1993 IS RM-314 BP 1 EP 27 PG 27 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA NM482 UT WOS:A1993NM48200001 ER PT J AU HUSSAIN, M GABAL, MA WILSON, T SUMMERFELT, RC AF HUSSAIN, M GABAL, MA WILSON, T SUMMERFELT, RC TI EFFECT OF AFLATOXIN-CONTAMINATED FEED ON MORBIDITY AND RESIDUES IN WALLEYE FISH SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYCOTOXINS AB The effect of aflatoxin in the feed on the morbidity and toxin residue in the musculature of walleye fish was studied. The fish were divided into 3 groups of 12 each; group 1 served as controls, groups 2 and 3 received feed treated with 50 or 100 ppb toxin for 30 d respectively. Fish were kept in glass aquaria, 4 fish/aquarium, with aerator and solids-waste filter system. Fish were observed for morbidity and mortality. Six fish from each group were sacrificed after 30 d and examined for gross pathological lesions and histopathological changes. In addition, fish musculature were analyzed for aflatoxin. One out of 16 (8%) of the fish fed 100 ppb aflatoxin in 48 h. Pale livers and significant degenerative changes were observed in both toxin-treated groups. Aflatoxin B1, G1 and G2 were detected in the musculature of both groups at a concentration of 5, 10, 15, 20 ppb respectively. After 2 w of aflatoxin withdrawal, no aflatoxin was detectable in the fish muscle. However, marked histopathological lesions were still observed. C1 USDA,APHIS,NATL VET SERV LAB,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ANIM ECOL,AMES,IA 50011. RP HUSSAIN, M (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PREVENT MED,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB KANSAS STATE UNIV PI MANHATTAN PA MANHATTAN, KS 66506 SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 35 IS 5 BP 396 EP 398 PG 3 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA LZ403 UT WOS:A1993LZ40300002 PM 8249258 ER PT J AU DEANNYSTROM, EA CASEY, TA SCHNEIDER, RA NAGY, B AF DEANNYSTROM, EA CASEY, TA SCHNEIDER, RA NAGY, B TI A MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY IDENTIFIES 2134P FIMBRIAE AS ADHESINS ON ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI ISOLATED FROM POSTWEANING PIGS SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; VIRULENCE FACTORS; GENE PROBES; TOXIN-II; K88; DIARRHEA; K99; COLONIZATION; STRAINS AB Fimbriae (pill) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), including K88, K99, 987P, and F41, are adhesins that facilitate intestinal colonization in neonatal pigs. K88 is also associated with some ETEC isolated from weaned pigs. Many ETEC isolates from weaned pigs do not express known adhesins and are termed 4P(-). A novel bacterial adhesin, 2134P, was recently identified on two 4P(-) ETEC isolates from weaned pigs. In this study, we identified a 2134P-specific monoclonal antibody, mAb 6C7/C1, that blocked the binding of 2134P(+) bacteria to intestinal epithelial cells. Indirect immunofluorescent antibody and immunoperoxidase assays using mAb 6C7/C1 confirmed that the 2134P adhesin is expressed in vivo by adherent bacteria in pigs challenge-exposed with 2134P(+) ETEC. 2134P was detected on 31% of 189 postweaning diarrhea 4P(-) ETEC isolates from the National Animal Disease Center's culture collection by dot blot immunoperoxidase assays using mAb 6C7/C1. We conclude that 2134P is a bacterial adhesin and is an important virulence attribute of some ETEC that cause diarrhea in weaned pigs. RP DEANNYSTROM, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL ANIM DIS CTR, PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT, AMES, IA 50010 USA. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 EI 1873-2542 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 114 DI 10.1016/0378-1135(93)90185-A PG 14 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA MH736 UT WOS:A1993MH73600008 PM 7905220 ER PT J AU FIGUEROA, JV CHIEVES, LP JOHNSON, GS BUENING, GM AF FIGUEROA, JV CHIEVES, LP JOHNSON, GS BUENING, GM TI MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION BASED ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF BABESIA-BIGEMINA, BABESIA-BOVIS AND ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE DNA IN BOVINE BLOOD SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REACTION AMPLIFICATION; INVITRO CULTIVATION; CARRIER CATTLE AB A highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method was developed to detect, in the same blood sample, DNA of hemoparasites frequently found together infecting cattle in tropical and subtropical areas. Bovine blood containing equal parasitemias of Babesia bigemina, B. bovis and Anaplasma marginale infected erythrocytes was mixed to standardize the test. Twenty microliters of 10-fold dilutions from the pooled blood sample were resuspended in PCR mixture buffer containing each of the species-specific sets of primers. Group I primers (BiIA/IB, BoF/R and Am9/10) which specifically bind B. bigemina, B. bovis and A. marginale DNA were used to amplify a fragment of DNA from gnomic parasite DNA. Group II nested primers (BiIAN/IBN, BoFN/RN and Am11/12) were used to prepare, via incorporation of digoxigenin-11-dUTP by PCR, nonradioactive probes specific for internal sequences present in DNA amplified with Group I primers. Agarose gel electrophoresis and Southern blot hybridization studies showed that by using Group I primers, DNA fragments of 278 bp, 350 bp and 200 bp were specifically amplified in samples containing B. bigemina, B. bovis and A. marginale DNA, respectively. The analytical sensitivity of the multiple PCR test, as evaluated by nucleic acid hybridization with the nonradioactive probe, was 0.00001%, 0.00001% and 0.0001% infected erythrocytes for B. bigemina, B. bovis and A. marginale, respectively. Blood collected from cattle previously inoculated with B. bovis (4 years), A. marginale (2 years) and B. bigemina (1 year) was demonstrated to be latently infected by using the Multiplex PCR test. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT VET MICROBIOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. USDA,APHIS,NVSL,DIAGNOST BACTERIOL LAB,AMES,IA 50010. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT VET PATHOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. NR 33 TC 109 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 50 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 81 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(93)90008-B PG 13 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA MH091 UT WOS:A1993MH09100007 PM 8291198 ER PT J AU DROLESKEY, RE MERCER, SH DELOACH, JR CRAIG, TM AF DROLESKEY, RE MERCER, SH DELOACH, JR CRAIG, TM TI ULTRASTRUCTURE OF HEPATOZOON-CANIS IN THE DOG SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The ultrastructure of several stages of Hepatozoon canis found in dogs with clinically diagnosed infections was determined using transmission electron microscopy. Stages were found in skeletal muscle tissue that corresponded to the 'onion skin' cyst stage, as described at the light microscopic level, and were composed of an electron-transparent material that appeared to radiate from a central core. Larger cysts, walled off by fibroblasts, contained a transformed host cell located centrally within them. The parasitic stage within these transformed cells contained numerous organelles including mitochondria and Golgi apparatus, and was singularly nucleated. In cardiac muscle, a meront was observed which produced merozoites by ectomerogony. Adjacent to this meront was a granuloma containing merozoites within mononuclear phagocytes which may either serve as a reservoir of parasites for reinfection of the host or differentiate into the circulating gamont stage of the parasite. Gamonts were found within parasitophorous vacuoles inside circulating neutrophils. They had a condensed cytoplasmic appearance and were extremely electron dense with respect to other observed parasite stages. In vitro cultivation of parasitized neutrophils resulted in the appearance of a stage of the parasite with altered ultrastructure compared with gamonts found in circulating neutrophils. This stage was judged to be a possible gamete stage of the parasite. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLL STN,TX 77843. RP DROLESKEY, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 50 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 99 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(93)90009-C PG 17 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA MH091 UT WOS:A1993MH09100008 PM 8291199 ER PT J AU FLEMING, MW AF FLEMING, MW TI ACUTE OR CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF PROLACTIN ALTERS OVINE INFECTIONS OF HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EWES; LACTATION; RISE AB Prolactin has been implicated as a modulator in the phenomenon of periparturient egg rise during ovine nematodiasis. In the first experiment, lambs (4 months of age) with patent infections (10 000 infective larvae) of Haemonchus contortus were injected daily (Days 28-39 post-inoculation (PI)) with prolactin (20 or 200 IU) or saline. Fecal egg concentrations and total daily egg production were monitored for each lamb. After 12 days, lambs injected with the lower dose of prolactin had the highest daily egg production. Fewer adult worms were collected from prolactin-treated lambs, and the female worms were larger than those from the saline-injected controls. Worm size and number were not correlated. In the second experiment. lambs were injected daily with ovine prolactin (25 IU) or saline. Five days after initiation of treatments, each lamb was inoculated with 3000 infective larvae of H. contortus. After 42 days of injections (Day 37 PI), prolactin-treated lambs had larger and fewer worms, with higher fecundity, than saline-treated controls. Increases in endogenous circulating prolactin during late pregnancy and lactation in ewes, therefore, might contribute to periparturient egg rise irrespective of the developmental stage of the parasite when the hormone exposure occurs. RP FLEMING, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 50 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(93)90011-B PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA MH091 UT WOS:A1993MH09100010 PM 8291185 ER PT J AU CAMP, HS SILVA, RF COUSSENS, PM AF CAMP, HS SILVA, RF COUSSENS, PM TI DEFECTIVE MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS-DNA CONTAINS A GENE ENCODING A POTENTIAL NUCLEAR-DNA BINDING-PROTEIN AND A HSV A-LIKE SEQUENCE SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; REPEAT REGIONS; S-COMPONENT; REPLICATION; ORIGIN; TYPE-1; CELLS; VECTOR; HERPESVIRUS; EXPRESSION C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,MOLEC VIROL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48824. USDA ARS,AVIAN DIS & ONCOL LAB,E LANSING,MI 48823. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT PY 1993 VL 196 IS 2 BP 484 EP 495 DI 10.1006/viro.1993.1504 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA LY071 UT WOS:A1993LY07100011 PM 8396799 ER PT J AU ZSAK, L ONISK, DV AFONSO, CL ROCK, DL AF ZSAK, L ONISK, DV AFONSO, CL ROCK, DL TI VIRULENT AFRICAN SWINE FEVER VIRUS ISOLATES ARE NEUTRALIZED BY SWINE IMMUNE SERUM AND BY MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES RECOGNIZING A 72-KDA VIRAL PROTEIN SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONKEY KIDNEY-CELLS; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; INFECTION; ANTIGENS; INVITRO; PIGS; DNA C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,POB 848,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT PY 1993 VL 196 IS 2 BP 596 EP 602 DI 10.1006/viro.1993.1515 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA LY071 UT WOS:A1993LY07100022 PM 7690502 ER PT J AU BURRAGE, TG TREVEJO, R STONEMARSCHAT, M LAEGREID, WW AF BURRAGE, TG TREVEJO, R STONEMARSCHAT, M LAEGREID, WW TI NEUTRALIZING EPITOPES OF AFRICAN HORSESICKNESS VIRUS SEROTYPE-4 ARE LOCATED ON VP2 SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPIZOOTIC HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; COMPLETE SEQUENCE; CAPSID PROTEIN; UNITED-STATES; IDENTIFICATION; ORBIVIRUSES; SEROGROUP C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH AGR,DAVIS,CA 95616. NR 35 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT PY 1993 VL 196 IS 2 BP 799 EP 803 DI 10.1006/viro.1993.1537 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA LY071 UT WOS:A1993LY07100044 PM 7690505 ER PT J AU CHEEVERS, WP MCGUIRE, TC NORTON, LK CORDERYCOTTER, R KNOWLES, DP AF CHEEVERS, WP MCGUIRE, TC NORTON, LK CORDERYCOTTER, R KNOWLES, DP TI FAILURE OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY TO REGULATE CAE LENTIVIRUS EXPRESSION IN-VIVO SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS LENTIVIRUS; INFECTIOUS-ANEMIA VIRUS; ANTIGENIC VARIANTS; GOATS; HIV-1; HOST; ENHANCEMENT; RETROVIRUS; DISEASE; VACCINE C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,ANIM DIS RES UNIT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. RP CHEEVERS, WP (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA50141]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR27680] NR 22 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT PY 1993 VL 196 IS 2 BP 835 EP 839 DI 10.1006/viro.1993.1542 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA LY071 UT WOS:A1993LY07100049 PM 8396810 ER PT J AU SAMPSON, RN APPS, M BROWN, S COLE, CV DOWNING, J HEATH, LS OJIMA, DS SMITH, TM SOLOMON, AM WISNIEWSKI, J AF SAMPSON, RN APPS, M BROWN, S COLE, CV DOWNING, J HEATH, LS OJIMA, DS SMITH, TM SOLOMON, AM WISNIEWSKI, J TI WORKSHOP SUMMARY STATEMENT - TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERIC CARBON FLUXES - QUANTIFICATION OF SINKS AND SOURCES OF CO2 SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERIC CARBON FLUXES : QUANTIFICATION OF SINKS AND SOURCES OF CO2 CY MAR 01-05, 1993 CL BAD HARZBURG, GERMANY SP US EPA, EDISON ELECT INST, USDA FOREST SERV, GERMAN FED ENVIRONM AGCY, UMWELTBUNDESAMT, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, GERMAN MARSHALL FUND US AB Understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystems in the global carbon (C) cycle has become increasingly important as policymakers consider options to address the issues associated with global change, particularly climate change. Sound scientific theories are critical in predicting how these systems may respond in the future, both to climate change and human actions. In March 1993, 60 scientists from 13 nations gathered in Bad Harzburg, Germany, to develop a state-of-the-science assessment of the present and likely future C fluxes associated with the major components of the earth's terrestrial biosphere. In the process, particular emphasis was placed on the potential for improving C sinks and managing long-term C sequestration. The majority of the week's work was conducted in eight working groups which independently considered a particular biome or subject area. The working groups considered: the Global Carbon Cycle; Boreal Forests and Tundra; Temperate Forests; Tropical Forests; Grasslands, Savannas and Deserts; Land and Water Interface Zones; Agroecosystems; and Biomass Management. This paper presents a brief overview of their major conclusions and findings. In addition, Table 1 brings together the best estimates from each group as to the current magnitude and estimated future direction of changes in the terrestrial C fluxes. C1 FORESTRY CANADA, CTR NO FORESTRY, EDMONTON T6H 355, AB, CANADA. UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT FORESTRY, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. COLORADO STATE UNIV, USDA ARS, NAT RESOURCE ECOL LAB, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. MARINE SCI LAB, PACIFIC NW LAB, SEQUIM, WA 98362 USA. US FOREST SERV, NE FOREST EXPT STN, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA. UNIV VIRGINIA, DEPT ENVIRONM SCI, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA. US EPA, ENVIRONM RES LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. WISNIEWSKI & ASSOCIATES INC, FALLS CHURCH, VA 22043 USA. RP SAMPSON, RN (reprint author), AMER FORESTS, 1516 P ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA. RI Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 NR 8 TC 35 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 15 DI 10.1007/BF01104985 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LZ846 UT WOS:A1993LZ84600003 ER PT J AU SMITH, TM CRAMER, WP DIXON, RK LEEMANS, R NEILSON, RP SOLOMON, AM AF SMITH, TM CRAMER, WP DIXON, RK LEEMANS, R NEILSON, RP SOLOMON, AM TI THE GLOBAL TERRESTRIAL CARBON-CYCLE SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERIC CARBON FLUXES : QUANTIFICATION OF SINKS AND SOURCES OF CO2 CY MAR 01-05, 1993 CL BAD HARZBURG, GERMANY SP US EPA, EDISON ELECT INST, USDA FOREST SERV, GERMAN FED ENVIRONM AGCY, UMWELTBUNDESAMT, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, GERMAN MARSHALL FUND US ID ELEVATED CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ESTUARINE MARSH; CLIMATE CHANGE; SENSITIVITY; INCREASE; FORESTS; STORAGE; SOILS; ECOSYSTEMS AB There is great uncertainty with regard to the future role of the terrestrial biosphere in the global carbon cycle. The uncertainty arises from both an inadequate understanding of current pools and fluxes as well as the potential effects of rising atmospheric concentrations of CO2 on natural ecosystems. Despite these limitations, a number of studies have estimated current and future patterns of terrestrial carbon storage. Future estimates focus on the effects of a climate change associated with a doubled atmospheric concentration of CO2. Available models for examining the dynamics of terrestrial carbon storage and the potential role of forest management and landuse practices on carbon conservation and sequestration are discussed. C1 POTSDAM INST CLIMATE IMPACT RES,O-1500 POTSDAM,GERMANY. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,BILTHOVEN 3720,NETHERLANDS. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP SMITH, TM (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903, USA. RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009; Leemans, Rik/A-1548-2009; Cramer, Wolfgang/B-8221-2008 OI Leemans, Rik/0000-0002-4001-6301; Cramer, Wolfgang/0000-0002-9205-5812 NR 95 TC 63 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 24 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 19 EP 37 DI 10.1007/BF01104986 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LZ846 UT WOS:A1993LZ84600004 ER PT J AU HEATH, LS KAUPPI, PE BURSCHEL, P GREGOR, HD GUDERIAN, R KOHLMAIER, GH LORENZ, S OVERDIECK, D SCHOLZ, F THOMASIUS, H WEBER, M AF HEATH, LS KAUPPI, PE BURSCHEL, P GREGOR, HD GUDERIAN, R KOHLMAIER, GH LORENZ, S OVERDIECK, D SCHOLZ, F THOMASIUS, H WEBER, M TI CONTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATE FORESTS TO THE WORLDS CARBON BUDGET SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERIC CARBON FLUXES : QUANTIFICATION OF SINKS AND SOURCES OF CO2 CY MAR 01-05, 1993 CL BAD HARZBURG, GERMANY SP US EPA, EDISON ELECT INST, USDA FOREST SERV, GERMAN FED ENVIRONM AGCY, UMWELTBUNDESAMT, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, GERMAN MARSHALL FUND US ID CYCLE AB Temperate forests currently cover about 600 MHa, about half of their potential. Almost all these forests have been directly impacted by humans. The total living biomass in trees (including roots) was estimated to contain 33.7 Gt C. The total C pool for the entire forest biome was estimated as 98.8 Gt. The current net sink flux of biomass was calculated at 205 Mt yr-1, with a similar amount removed in harvests for manufacture into various products. The major cause of this C sink is forest regrowth. Forest regrowth is possible because fossil fuels are the major source of energy in temperate countries, instead of fuelwood. Future C in these forests will be greatly influenced by human activity. Options to sequester more C include conservation of forest resources, activities that increase forest productivity such as adopting rotation ages to optimize C production, afforestation, improvement of wood utilization, and waste management. C1 FINNISH FOREST RES INST,SF-00170 HELSINKI,FINLAND. UNIV MUNICH,LEHRSTUHL WALDAU & FORSTEINRICHTUNG,W-8050 FREISING,GERMANY. FED ENVIRONM AGCY GERMANY,W-1000 BERLIN 33,GERMANY. UNIV ESSEN GESAMTHSCH,INST ANGEW BOT,W-4300 ESSEN 1,GERMANY. UNIV FRANKFURT,INST PHYS CHEM,W-6000 FRANKFURT 60,GERMANY. FED RES CTR FORESTRY & FOREST PROD,INST WORLD FORESTRY,W-2050 HAMBURG 80,GERMANY. TU BERLIN,INST ECOL ECOL WOODY PLANTS,W-1000 BERLIN 33,GERMANY. BFA FORST & HOLZWIRTSCHAFT,INST FORSTGENET,W-2070 GROSSHAUSDORF 2,GERMANY. RP HEATH, LS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,GLOBAL CHANGE RES PROGRAM,NE FOREST EXPT STN,RADNOR,PA 19087, USA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 55 EP 69 DI 10.1007/BF01104988 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LZ846 UT WOS:A1993LZ84600006 ER PT J AU COLE, CV FLACH, K LEE, J SAUERBECK, D STEWART, B AF COLE, CV FLACH, K LEE, J SAUERBECK, D STEWART, B TI AGRICULTURAL SOURCES AND SINKS OF CARBON SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERIC CARBON FLUXES : QUANTIFICATION OF SINKS AND SOURCES OF CO2 CY MAR 01-05, 1993 CL BAD HARZBURG, GERMANY SP US EPA, EDISON ELECT INST, USDA FOREST SERV, GERMAN FED ENVIRONM AGCY, UMWELTBUNDESAMT, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, GERMAN MARSHALL FUND US AB Most existing agricultural lands have been in production for sufficiently long periods that C inputs and outputs are nearly balanced and they are neither a major source nor sink of atmospheric C. As population increases, food requirements and the need for more crop land increase accordingly. An annual conversion of previously uncultivated lands up to 1.5 x 10(7) hectares may be expected. It is this new agricultural land which suffers the greatest losses of C during and subsequent to its conversion. The primary focus for analysis of future C fluxes in agroecosystems needs to be on current changes in land use and management as well as on direct effects of CO2 and climate change. A valid assessment of C pools and fluxes in agroecosystems requires a global soils data base and comprehensive information on land use and management practices. A comprehensive effort to assemble and analyze this information is urgently needed. C1 US EPA,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. USDA ARS,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. RP COLE, CV (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,NAT RESOURCE ECOL LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 25 TC 59 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 111 EP 122 DI 10.1007/BF01104991 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LZ846 UT WOS:A1993LZ84600009 ER PT J AU HEATH, LS BIRDSEY, RA AF HEATH, LS BIRDSEY, RA TI CARBON TRENDS OF PRODUCTIVE TEMPERATE FORESTS OF THE COTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERIC CARBON FLUXES : QUANTIFICATION OF SINKS AND SOURCES OF CO2 CY MAR 01-05, 1993 CL BAD HARZBURG, GERMANY SP US EPA, EDISON ELECT INST, USDA FOREST SERV, GERMAN FED ENVIRONM AGCY, UMWELTBUNDESAMT, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, GERMAN MARSHALL FUND US ID CLIMATE; SOILS; TREES AB Carbon trends of U. S. timberlands reflect past and current harvesting patterns and forest growth. Using periodic forest inventory data coupled with the Carbon Budget Model, we estimate C inventory from 1952 to the present, and project future trends through 2070. Two sets of projections are presented, one based on economically derived harvest levels and the other assuming no harvests after 1990. Productive forests sequester an average of 250 Tg C yr-1 from 1952-1987, but projections under expected harvests assuming no changes in growing conditions indicate this rate will fall to 60 Tg C yr-1 from 1987 to at least 2050, and then become a C source by 2070. Carbon sequestered in products and landfills over the projection period average 75 Tg C yr-1. An estimated 328 Tg C yr-1 would be sequestered if harvesting ceased. RP HEATH, LS (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,GLOBAL CHANGE RES PROGRAM,POB 6775,RADNOR,PA 19087, USA. NR 35 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 279 EP 293 DI 10.1007/BF01105002 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LZ846 UT WOS:A1993LZ84600020 ER PT J AU COLE, CV PAUSTIAN, K ELLIOTT, ET METHERELL, AK OJIMA, DS PARTON, WJ AF COLE, CV PAUSTIAN, K ELLIOTT, ET METHERELL, AK OJIMA, DS PARTON, WJ TI ANALYSIS OF AGROECOSYSTEM CARBON POOLS SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERIC CARBON FLUXES : QUANTIFICATION OF SINKS AND SOURCES OF CO2 CY MAR 01-05, 1993 CL BAD HARZBURG, GERMANY SP US EPA, EDISON ELECT INST, USDA FOREST SERV, GERMAN FED ENVIRONM AGCY, UMWELTBUNDESAMT, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, GERMAN MARSHALL FUND US ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; PLANT-GROWTH; NITROGEN; DIOXIDE; WHEAT; RESPONSES; CLIMATE; STRESS; MAIZE AB We present analyses of major driving variable controls on soil C in agroecosystems. Historical changes in soil C storage in agricultural soils are characterized by large losses during transition from natural grasslands and forests. A major driver in more recent times is the steadily increasing rate of net primary production of major land areas in agriculture. Simulation and analytical models are used to predict trajectories and potential soil C storage under possible scenarios of changed management and climate. Database and analytical requirements for extrapolation from regional to global scales are outlined. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,NAT RESOURCE ECOL LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. LINCOLN UNIV,DEPT SOIL SCI,LINCOLN,NEW ZEALAND. RP COLE, CV (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,NAT RESOURCE ECOL LAB,USDA ARS,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. RI Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016; Paustian, Keith/L-7593-2016 NR 33 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 357 EP 371 DI 10.1007/BF01105007 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LZ846 UT WOS:A1993LZ84600025 ER PT J AU STEWART, BA AF STEWART, BA TI MANAGING CROP RESIDUES FOR THE RETENTION OF CARBON SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERIC CARBON FLUXES : QUANTIFICATION OF SINKS AND SOURCES OF CO2 CY MAR 01-05, 1993 CL BAD HARZBURG, GERMANY SP US EPA, EDISON ELECT INST, USDA FOREST SERV, GERMAN FED ENVIRONM AGCY, UMWELTBUNDESAMT, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, GERMAN MARSHALL FUND US ID TILLAGE; SOILS AB Soil organic matter, a major sink for carbon, is controlled by many factors that have complex interactions. The management of crop residues is of primary importance. Reduced tillage and no-tillage practices result in a significant build-up of soil organic matter because they greatly reduce the rates of decomposition of both the native soil organic matter and of the crop residues. The crop residues decompose slower because most remain on the soil surface where there is less biological activity, and the native soil organic matter decomposes slower because there is less tillage for aerating the soil and for breaking the aggregates that ''pose organic compounds to the soil microorganisms. Crop residues, however, are highly variable. Although most crop residues contain about 40 percent carbon, the nitrogen contents range from very low to more than 3.5 percent. For carbon to be stabilized in the soil as organic matter, there must be adequate nitrogen available in the system and this factor is frequently overlooked. Climate is often the most critical factor determining the sustainability and enhancement of soil organic matter. As temperatures increase, organic matter decomposition, particularly in frequently tilled soils, is greatly accelerated. As precipitation decreases, there is less biomass produced for replenishing decomposed carbon. Consequently, soil organic matter maintenance becomes increasingly difficult in either hot or arid regions, and particularly difficult in areas that are both hot and arid. Semiarid regions comprise almost 40% of the world's land area so management of crop residues in these fragile areas is important in relation to the global C picture. RP STEWART, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS,PO DRAWER 10,BUSHLAND,TX 79012, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1007/BF01105008 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LZ846 UT WOS:A1993LZ84600026 ER PT J AU NEILSON, RP AF NEILSON, RP TI VEGETATION REDISTRIBUTION - A POSSIBLE BIOSPHERE SOURCE OF CO2 DURING CLIMATIC-CHANGE SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERIC CARBON FLUXES : QUANTIFICATION OF SINKS AND SOURCES OF CO2 CY MAR 01-05, 1993 CL BAD HARZBURG, GERMANY SP US EPA, EDISON ELECT INST, USDA FOREST SERV, GERMAN FED ENVIRONM AGCY, UMWELTBUNDESAMT, MINIST HOUSING PHYS PLANNING & ENVIRONM NETHERLANDS, GERMAN MARSHALL FUND US ID BIOME MODEL; ATMOSPHERE AB A new biogeographic model, MAPSS, predicts changes in vegetation leaf area index (LAI), site water balance and runoff, as well as changes in Biome boundaries. Potential scenarios of equilibrium vegetation redistribution under 2 X CO2 climate from five different General Circulation Models (GCMs) are presented. In general, large spatial shifts in temperate and boreal vegetation are predicted under the different scenarios; while, tropical vegetation boundaries are predicted (with one exception) to experience minor distribution contractions. Maps of predicted changes in forest LAI imply drought-induced losses of biomass over most forested regions, even in the tropics. Regional patterns of forest decline and dieback are surprisingly consistent among the five GCM scenarios, given the general lack of consistency in predicted changes in regional precipitation patterns. Two factors contribute to the consistency among the GCMs of the regional ecological impacts of climatic change: 1) regional, temperature-induced increases in potential evapotranspiration (PET) tend to more than offset regional increases in precipitation; and, 2) the unchanging background interplay between the general circulation and the continental margins and mountain ranges produces a fairly stable pattern of regionally specific sensitivity to climatic change. Two areas exhibiting among the greatest sensitivity to drought-induced forest decline are eastern North America and eastern Europe to western Russia. Drought-induced vegetation decline (losses of LAI), predicted under all GCM scenarios, will release CO2 to the atmosphere; while, expansion of forests at high latitudes will sequester CO2. The imbalance in these two rate processes could produce a large, transient pulse of CO2 to the atmosphere. RP NEILSON, RP (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3200 SW JEFFERSON,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. RI Neilson, Ronald/A-8588-2009 NR 41 TC 56 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 70 IS 1-4 BP 659 EP 673 DI 10.1007/BF01105028 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LZ846 UT WOS:A1993LZ84600046 ER PT J AU MCWHORTER, CG OUZTS, C PAUL, RN AF MCWHORTER, CG OUZTS, C PAUL, RN TI MICROMORPHOLOGY OF JOHNSONGRASS (SORGHUM-HALEPENSE) LEAVES SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BICELLULAR TRICHOMES; CORK-SILICA CELL PAIRS; CSC; MACROHAIRS; PRICKLES; STOMATA; WAX FILAMENTS; LEAF PUBESCENCE; SORHA ID EPICUTICULAR WAXES; STOMATA AB Adaxial and abaxial epidermal surfaces of johnsongrass leaves were studied to determine which cells contribute to leaf microroughness. Cork-silica cell (CSC) pairs, three types of prickles, macrohairs,, bicellular trichomes, stomata, and ordinary short and long epidermal cells were found and described. CSC pairs made up about 22% of all cells and probably contribute more to microroughness than any other single type because each cork cell produces 11 +/- 3 wax filaments that are up to 100 mu m long. Bicellular trichomes represented 4 to 5% of the total cells but decreased leaf roughness by secreting a type of mucilage that covers microscopic wax crystals. Stomatal complexes comprised 15 to 18% of all cells and contributed to leaf roughness because they are slightly recessed below the leaf surface. Long prickles occur primarily over veins and represent less than 1% of all cells. Small prickles were present primarily on adaxial surfaces and represent only 3% of all cells. Macrohairs were the largest appendages, 237 +/- 104 mu m, but they represent far less than 1% of all cells and occur primarily over veins. Ordinary short cells comprised 6 to 13% of all cells. Long cells were most common (41%) of all cells. Short and long cells contribute to leaf roughness because the surface is often convex. A typical johnsongrass leaf may contain more than 25 million appendages on each surface that increase the roughness already caused by epicuticular wax crystals. C1 USDA ARS,S WEED SCI LAB,WEED BIOL & MGT RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP MCWHORTER, CG (reprint author), USDA ARS,S WEED SCI LAB,APPL TECH RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4 BP 583 EP 589 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MV708 UT WOS:A1993MV70800011 ER PT J AU MILLHOLLON, RW AF MILLHOLLON, RW TI PREEMERGENCE CONTROL OF ITCHGRASS (ROTTBOELLIA-COCHINCHINENSIS) AND JOHNSONGRASS (SORGHUM-HALEPENSE) IN SUGARCANE (SACCHARUM SPP HYBRIDS) WITH PENDIMETHALIN AND PRODIAMINE SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ASULAM; ATRAZINE; METRIBUZIN; TERBACIL; TRIFLURALIN; DINITROANILINE HERBICIDES; SUGARCANE WEEDS; ROOEX; SORHA ID DINITROANILINE HERBICIDES; SOIL SURFACE; PERSISTENCE AB Preemergence control of itchgrass in sugarcane with nonincorporated pendimethalin and prodiamine increased as rate for each herbicide increased from 2.2 to 3.4 kg al ha(-1). Itchgrass control at 3.4 kg ha(-l) was similar for both herbicides, ranging from 78 to 94% (86% mean) for pendimethalin in six field experiments and 83 to 91% (86% mean) for prodiamine in three experiments. Incorporated trifluralin at 2.2 kg ha(-1), the standard, gave 99% mean control of itchgrass. None of the nonincorporated treatments with pendimethalin or prodiamine consistently prevented a decrease in the sugarcane stalk population at harvest. Asulam applied postemergence at 3.7 kg ae ha(-l) controlled itchgrass that survived the preemergence herbicides, and sugarcane stalk populations were maintained. Preemergence control of johnsongrass with nonincorporated treatments of pendimethalin or prodiamine at 2.8 kg ha(-l), in a mixture with atrazine at 2.2 kg al ha(-l), ranged from 86 to 95% (89% mean) for pendimethalin and 80 to 95% (88% mean) for prodiamine. Metribuzin at 2.2 kg ha(-l), the standard, gave 97% mean control of johnsongrass. Mixtures of pendimethalin with metribuzin or terbacil generally gave more effective control of johnsongrass than mixtures with atrazine. When used in conjunction with other herbicides, nonincorporated pendimethalin and prodiamine were effective alternatives to soil-incorporated treatments for weed control in sugarcane. RP MILLHOLLON, RW (reprint author), US ARS,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4 BP 621 EP 626 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MV708 UT WOS:A1993MV70800018 ER PT J AU MA, LW SOUTHWICK, LM WILLIS, GH SELIM, HM AF MA, LW SOUTHWICK, LM WILLIS, GH SELIM, HM TI HYSTERETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ATRAZINE ADSORPTION-DESORPTION BY A SHARKEY SOIL SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FREUNDLICH ISOTHERMS; INCUBATION TIME; HERBICIDE; SORPTION; HYSTERESIS ID POROUS-MEDIA; DEGRADATION; HYDROXYATRAZINE; PREDICTION; TRANSPORT; RESIDUES; MOVEMENT; 2,4,5-T; MODELS AB The purpose of this study was to quantify hysteresis during adsorption and desorption of atrazine as a function of incubation time for a Sharkey clay soil. Adsorption was carried out using one day batch equilibration and was followed by incubation periods ranging from 1 to 24 d. Incubation was subsequently followed by six consecutive desorption steps where each step represented 1 d. The Freundlich equation (S = K C-N where S is the amount of atrazine retained, mu g g(-l); C is concentration, mu g ml(-l); K is the distribution coefficient, cm(3)g(-1); and N is a dimensionless parameter) was used to describe batch results. Both adsorption and desorption isotherms were well described by the Freundlich model. Fitted K parameter values for desorption isotherms were consistently higher than those associated with adsorption. The opposite trend was observed for the exponential parameter N. The results revealed that desorption deviated significantly from adsorption data. The deviation, which is commonly referred to as hysteresis, was more pronounced as incubation time increased. Batch equilibration results also indicated that the extent of hysteresis was not influenced by soil sterilization. Attempts to quantify the extent of hysteresis using a simplified approach are presented. We found that, for a given batch data set, hysteresis can be quantified provided that Freundlich N from adsorption and desorption isotherms is known. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. US ARS,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,BATON ROUGE,LA 70894. NR 23 TC 81 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4 BP 627 EP 633 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MV708 UT WOS:A1993MV70800019 ER PT J AU KOSKINEN, WC REYNOLDS, KM BUHLER, DD WYSE, DL BARBER, BL JARVIS, LJ AF KOSKINEN, WC REYNOLDS, KM BUHLER, DD WYSE, DL BARBER, BL JARVIS, LJ TI PERSISTENCE AND MOVEMENT OF SETHOXYDIM RESIDUES IN 3 MINNESOTA SOILS SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PERSISTENCE; LEACHING; GROUNDWATER QUALITY ID NO-TILLAGE PRACTICES; ACETANILIDE HERBICIDES; ATRAZINE; ALACHLOR; DISSIPATION; TRANSPORT; CYANAZINE AB The persistence and movement of sethoxydim residues were determined in the top 45 cm of an Estherville sandy loam (sl), Port Byron silt loam (sil), and Webster clay loam (cl) in the field. Analysis of sethoxydim residues simultaneously quantified parent and eight metabolites by conversion to a common volatile end product, 3-[2(ethylsulfonyl)propyl]-pentanedioic acid dimethyl ester, followed by analysis using gas chromatography (GC) and a flame photometric detector. Recovery of residues from soil spiked with 100 mu g kg(-1) was 86 +/- 21%. Residues remaining in soil 21 days after treatment (DAT) in 1989 were 37, 51, and 29% of the applied sethoxydim in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively, while in 1990, 86, 52, and 24% remained in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively. Alachlor remaining 21 DAT in 1989 was 66, 52, and 65% of that applied in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively, while in 1990, it was 16, 13, and 100% in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively. Atrazine had the greatest % of applied chemical remaining 21 DAT in 1989: 100, 71, and 73% in the sl, sil, and cl, respectively. Of the atrazine applied in 1990, atrazine remaining 21 DAT was 87% in the sl, 42% in the sil, and 100% in the cl. Over all soils and years, the amount of total sethoxydim residues remaining 137 DAT was the least of the three herbicides. In terms of leaching, sethoxydim residues showed least movement, with minimal detections below O to 15 cm. Although sethoxydim appears to be advantageous over alachlor and atrazine in terms of potential impact on ground water quality, additional information regarding composition of the detected residues is needed to better assess its environmental impact. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,PLANT SCI RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP KOSKINEN, WC (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DEPT SOIL SCI,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4 BP 634 EP 640 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MV708 UT WOS:A1993MV70800020 ER PT J AU BURGARD, DJ KOSKINEN, WC DOWDY, RH CHENG, HH AF BURGARD, DJ KOSKINEN, WC DOWDY, RH CHENG, HH TI METOLACHLOR DISTRIBUTION IN A SANDY SOIL UNDER IRRIGATED POTATO PRODUCTION SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SORPTION; DEGRADATION; LEACHING ID FIELD LYSIMETERS; ACETANILIDE HERBICIDES; PLAINFIELD SAND; SILT LOAM; PERSISTENCE; MOBILITY; ATRAZINE; ALACHLOR; DEGRADATION; ADSORPTION AB Irrigated sandy soils have a high potential for leaching of agricultural chemicals to ground water. Objectives of this study were to determine the movement and persistence of metolachlor applied annually to a Hubbard loamy sand soil (Udorthentic Haploboroll) under irrigated potato production. Metolachlor was applied to the plots at rates of 1.7 and 3.4 kg ai ha(-1). A KBr tracer was applied to the same plots at the rate of 130 kg ha(-1). Intact soil cores were collected before and after herbicide application during the cropping season. Water samples were collected weekly from suction samplers, 90 and 150 cm deep in each plot, during the growing season. Potato yields of 60 and 59 Mg ha(-1) in 1989 and 1990, respectively, were above Minnesota state averages. Bromide tracer data confirmed the movement of water through the soil profile to at least a 150-cm depth. No detectable quantities of metolachlor were found below 30 cm in soil during either year. Time for dissipation of 50% of metolachlor ranged from 85 to > 106 d. Dissipation in 1990 appeared slower than in 1989 and residues remaining at the end of the season, averaged across application rates, were 44 and 64% in 1989 and 1990, respectively. No water samples contained metolachlor in 1989. Metolachlor was detected in 18 of 409 water samples collected during and after the growing season in 1990. Median detectable concentration of metolachlor was 0.4 mu g L(-1) in water samples from suction samplers at 90- and 150-cm depths in eight of 16 plots. Metolachlor K-d and K-oc values, 3 and 220, respectively, were similar to reported values. Metolachlor sorption in the soil profile was correlated, in order of contribution, to organic carbon content, cation exchange capacity, percent sand, and percent clay. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL SCI,ST PAUL,MN 55108. US ARS,SOIL & WATER MANAGE RES UNIT,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 46 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4 BP 648 EP 655 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MV708 UT WOS:A1993MV70800022 ER PT J AU MCWHORTER, CG AF MCWHORTER, CG TI A 16-YR SURVEY ON LEVELS OF JOHNSONGRASS (SORGHUM-HALEPENSE) IN ARKANSAS, LOUISIANA, AND MISSISSIPPI SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COTTON; COMPETITION; INTERFERENCE; ECONOMICS; SURVEY; SOYBEAN; SORHA ID GLYCINE-MAX AB A survey was conducted in Mississippi from 1976 and in Arkansas and Louisiana from 1977 through 1991 to determine annual variation of johnsongrass infestation in cotton and soybean fields. The survey route was 1534 km long. Levels ofjohnsongrass infestation were estimated in 752 +/- 296 cotton fields and 884 +/- 407 soybean fields in each year of the survey. The area of fields surveyed annually was 47 000 +/- 21 000 ha of cotton and 52 000 +/- 19 000 ha of soybeans. Johnsongrass was present in 55 to 90% of the cotton fields. The percent of cotton fields with johnsongrass was about the same in 1991 as in 1976-77. About 90% of the soybean fields in Mississippi and Louisiana had johnsongrass, but only 70 to 80% of soybeans fields in Arkansas had johnsongrass. Soybean fields with 1 to 5% levels of infestation increased slightly in Mississippi but remained about the same in Arkansas and Louisiana. Soybean fields with infestations of 6% or more slightly decreased in Arkansas and Louisiana but not in Mississippi. It was estimated that johnsongrass reduces the average annual value of harvested cotton $5.8 +/- 1.9 million and soybeans $23.7 +/- 0.6 million in the three states. RP MCWHORTER, CG (reprint author), US ARS,APP TECH RES UNIT,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4 BP 669 EP 677 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MV708 UT WOS:A1993MV70800025 ER PT J AU BOYETTE, CD ABBAS, HK CONNICK, WJ AF BOYETTE, CD ABBAS, HK CONNICK, WJ TI EVALUATION OF FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM AS A POTENTIAL BIOHERBICIDE FOR SICKLEPOD (CASSIA-OBTUSIFOLIA), COFFEE SENNA (C-OCCIDENTALIS), AND HEMP SESBANIA (SESBANIA-EXALTATA) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; BIOLOGICAL HERBICIDE; MYCOHERBICIDE AB A strain of Fusarium oxysporum was isolated from infected sicklepod stems in Stoneville, MS, in 1989. When formulated as granules either in a fungus-infested rice preparation or encapsulated in a wheat-gluten matrix called 'Pesta', biocontrol of sicklepod, coffee senna, and hemp sesbania was achieved with preemergence or preplant-incorporated treatments. Liquid conidial applications were less effective. Plants were killed by a preemergence damping-off. Applications made postemergence were significantly less effective. Results of these tests suggest that this fungus has potential as a mycoherbicide for controlling sicklepod, coffee senna, and hemp sesbania. C1 S REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP BOYETTE, CD (reprint author), US ARS,S WEED SCI LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776, USA. NR 14 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4 BP 678 EP 681 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MV708 UT WOS:A1993MV70800026 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, WC CHAMBERLIN, JR BRENNEMAN, TB TODD, JW MULLINIX, BG CARDINA, J AF JOHNSON, WC CHAMBERLIN, JR BRENNEMAN, TB TODD, JW MULLINIX, BG CARDINA, J TI EFFECTS OF PARAQUAT AND ALACHLOR ON PEANUT (ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA) GROWTH, MATURITY, AND YIELD SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HALL SCRAPE METHOD; LIGHT REFLECTANCE; MULTISPECTRAL RADIOMETER; PHYTOTOXICITY AB Studies were conducted in 1988, 1989, and 1992 in Plains, GA to measure effects of paraquat and alachlor on 'Florunner' peanut. Peanut treated with paraquat (0.14 kg ai/ha) plus alachlor (3.4 kg ai/ha) applied at vegetative emergence (VE), or paraquat plus alachlor VE followed by paraquat 28 days after emergence (DAE) were compared with a nontreated control. Both herbicide treatments reduced peanut foliage biomass at 65 DAE in 1989 and 1992. Herbicide treatments did not affect foliage biomass 90 DAE in 1988 and 122 DAE in 1989, but paraquat plus alachlor followed by paraquat reduced foliage biomass at 122 DAE in 1992. Pod biomass, measured at 90 and 65 DAE in 1988 and 1992, respectively, was reduced by herbicides. However, pod biomass did not differ among treatments 122 DAE in 1989 and 1992. Percent reflectance from the peanut canopy measured no effects from herbicides in 1988. However, in 1989 and 1992 herbicides applied sequentially reduced peanut canopy development. Peanut treated with a single herbicide and sequentially took longer to mature. Once optimum maturity was reached, peanut yields were not reduced. RP JOHNSON, WC (reprint author), US ARS,POST DOCT ASSOC,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD OCT-DEC PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 855 EP 859 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA MW670 UT WOS:A1993MW67000011 ER PT J AU ROWELL, RM LICHTENBERG, RS LARSSON, P AF ROWELL, RM LICHTENBERG, RS LARSSON, P TI STABILITY OF ACETYLATED WOOD TO ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGES SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ACETYLATION; STABILIZATION; PH; MOISTURE AB Acetylated wood is more dimensionally stable and resistant to biological attack than unacetylated wood. In this study, the stability of acetylated wood was tested under various pH, temperature, and moisture conditions. Ground acetylated southern yellow pine and aspen flakes were treated with buffer ranging from 2 to 8 pH, exposed at 24 C, 50 C, or 75 C for different periods, and tested for acetyl content. At 24 C, acetylated wood was more stable at pH 6 than pH 2, 4, or 8. At 50 C and 75 C, acetylated wood was more stable at pH 4 than at the other pH values. The half-life of acetylated wood continuously in contact with a buffered liquid at pH 6 and 24 C was approximately 30 years. For acetylated wood used under normal circumstances, the half-life would be expected to be much longer. Acetylated southern yellow pine and aspen flakes were also (1) kept at 90% relative humidity at 27 C for 6 years or (2) cycled (42-day cycle) between 90 and 30% relative humidity for 5 years. The loss of acetyl was less than 2% in both the constant and cyclic relative humidity tests. The stability of acetylated wood suggests that such wood can be used for products exposed to changes in humidity. C1 CHALMERS UNIV TECHNOL,DEPT FOREST PROD & CHEM ENGN,S-41296 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. RP ROWELL, RM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 5 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 BP 359 EP 364 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MH757 UT WOS:A1993MH75700007 ER PT J AU GREEN, DW MCDONALD, KA AF GREEN, DW MCDONALD, KA TI MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF RED MAPLE STRUCTURAL LUMBER SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE RED MAPLE; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; BENDING; TENSION PARALLEL TO GRAIN; COMPRESSION PARALLEL TO GRAIN; MECHANICAL GRADING AB Efficient utilization of hardwood structural lumber depends on developing better procedures of grading and property assignment. In this study, we evaluated the properties of red maple 2- by 4-in. (standard 38- by 89-mm) lumber tested in bending and in tension and compression parallel to the grain and compared the results to published values derived by ASTM D 245 clear wood procedures. The results indicate that significant increases in allowable properties could be obtained using procedures based on tests of full-size lumber. The results also demonstrate that the relationships between lumber strength in compression parallel to grain and bending strength and between tension parallel to grain and bending strength are similar to those for softwood species. Thus, procedures used to assign properties to mechanically graded softwood species should be applicable to red maple. RP GREEN, DW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 BP 365 EP 374 PG 10 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MH757 UT WOS:A1993MH75700008 ER PT J AU YANO, H NORIMOTO, M ROWELL, RM AF YANO, H NORIMOTO, M ROWELL, RM TI STABILIZATION OF ACOUSTICAL PROPERTIES OF WOODEN MUSICAL-INSTRUMENTS BY ACETYLATION SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DIMENSIONAL STABILIZATION; ACOUSTICAL PROPERTIES; ACETYLATION; SPECIFIC DYNAMIC YOUNGS MODULUS; INTERNAL FRICTION AB Because variable humidity affects the acoustic properties of wood, manufacturers of wood instruments must minimize dimensional changes caused by the absorption of water. Acetylation reduces the moisture content of the cell wall, thereby increasing the stability of the acoustic and dimensional properties of wood under conditions of changing humidity. The acetylation of wood slightly reduces sound velocity (by about 5%) and also reduces sound absorption when compared to unreacted wood. Hence, acetylation does not change the acoustic converting efficiency. C1 KYOTO UNIV,WOOD RES INST,UJI,KYOTO 611,JAPAN. US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP YANO, H (reprint author), KYOTO PREFECTURAL UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 BP 395 EP 403 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MH757 UT WOS:A1993MH75700011 ER PT J AU INOUE, M OGATA, S KAWAI, S ROWELL, RM NORIMOTO, M AF INOUE, M OGATA, S KAWAI, S ROWELL, RM NORIMOTO, M TI FIXATION OF COMPRESSED WOOD USING MELAMINE-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MELAMINE-FORMALDEHYDE; COMPRESSED WOOD; PERMANENT FIXATION; RECOVERY OF SET; SURFACE HARDNESS AB Methods to maximize wood hardness and dimensional stability include various combinations of compression, heating, and chemical treatment. In this study, wood was treated with increasing concentrations of a low molecular weight, water-soluble melamine-formaldehyde resin solution (mol wt 380) and compressed while heated. This method achieved a maximum bulking efficiency of 5% and an antishrink efficiency of 45%, showing that the chemical had not completely penetrated the cell wall. Once the wood was treated, its ability to retain the compressed state was tested by immersing wood specimens in water at different temperatures. Specimens treated with an 8% resin solution retained almost complete fixation when soaked in room-temperature water, while those treated with a 25% solution retained fixation in boiling water. Moreover, a 25% solution of resin and a compression of 54% increased hardness from 0.48 to 0.72 MPa. C1 US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. KOSHII MOKUZAI CO LTD,OSAKA 559,JAPAN. RP INOUE, M (reprint author), KYOTO UNIV,WOOD RES INST,UJI,KYOTO 611,JAPAN. NR 6 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 BP 404 EP 410 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA MH757 UT WOS:A1993MH75700012 ER PT J AU KELLER, M VELDKAMP, E WEITZ, AM REINERS, WA AF KELLER, M VELDKAMP, E WEITZ, AM REINERS, WA TI EFFECT OF PASTURE AGE ON SOIL TRACE-GAS EMISSIONS FROM A DEFORESTED AREA OF COSTA-RICA SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL FOREST; NITROUS-OXIDE AB MEASUREMENTS of the flux of nitrous oxide-an important greenhouse gas-from recently formed pasture in the Amazon basin have shown a threefold increase relative to the flux from the original forest soil1. Based on these measurements, Luizao et al.1 estimated that present rates of conversion from forest to pasture supply up to 1 Tg of N2O-N to the atmosphere each year, corresponding to less-than-or-equal-to 25% of the current imbalance between sources and sinks of this gas. But this estimate assumes that such conversion produces elevated fluxes that remain constant in time. To assess the validity of this assumption, we present measurements of trace-gas fluxes from Costa Rican pastures of varying ages. Nitrogen oxide fluxes peak during the first ten years after conversion, but decline thereafter to values that are even lower than the original forest fluxes. We conclude that previous studies have overestimated the contribution of pastures to the global budget of nitrous oxide, and that accurate predictions of soil-atmosphere trace-gas fluxes will require a detailed knowledge not only of current land use, but also of land-use history. C1 AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT SOIL SCI & GEOL,6700 AA WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT BOT,LARAMIE,WY 82071. RP KELLER, M (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INT INST TROP FORESTRY,CALL BOX 25000,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. RI Veldkamp, Edzo/A-6660-2008; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359 NR 19 TC 176 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 16 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 16 PY 1993 VL 365 IS 6443 BP 244 EP 246 DI 10.1038/365244a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LX471 UT WOS:A1993LX47100051 ER PT J AU BREWSTER, JD LIGHTFIELD, AR AF BREWSTER, JD LIGHTFIELD, AR TI RAPID BIORECOGNITION ASSAY FOR HERBICIDES IN BIOLOGICAL MATRICES SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYSTEM-II; BINDING AB A rapid assay capable of detecting several commonly used herbicides at nanogram per milliliter concentrations in biological fluids is described. The assay is based on inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport in spinach thylakoids by the target compounds with colorimetric detection using a redox dye. Using a microtiter plate format, high throughput assays of water, urine, and homogenized tissue were performed in minutes with minimal sample preparation. Detection limits of 3 ng/mL for atrazine, 3 ng/mL for diuron, and 1 ng/mL for terbutryn were observed. RP BREWSTER, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 1993 VL 65 IS 18 BP 2415 EP 2419 DI 10.1021/ac00066a004 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA LX166 UT WOS:A1993LX16600005 PM 8238935 ER PT J AU CHAMBERLAIN, J NELSON, G MILTON, K AF CHAMBERLAIN, J NELSON, G MILTON, K TI FATTY-ACID PROFILES OF MAJOR FOOD SOURCES OF HOWLER MONKEYS (ALOUATTA-PALLIATA) IN THE NEOTROPICS SO EXPERIENTIA LA English DT Article DE FATTY ACIDS; PRIMATES; OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS; SATURATED FATS; HOWLER MONKEYS; WILD PLANT PARTS; NEOTROPICS ID PLASMA-LIPIDS; RAT-LIVER; OMEGA-3-FATTY-ACIDS; LIPOPROTEINS; PURSLANE; DIET AB Wild howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) get most of their calories from carbohydrates (65%) and fats (18%) of native tropical plants, but little is known about their intake of individual fatty acids. The fatty acid composition of several natural food sources of howler monkeys collected in Panama was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The predominant fatty acids were palmitic (30%), linoleic (23%), alpha-linolenic (16%) and oleic (15%). Fatty acids with less than 16, and more than 18, carbon chains were uncommon (0-7%). Although total saturated fatty acids were high in some specific food sources (22-54% of total fatty acids and 8 energy %), most of the calories from fat in the animals' diets are derived from mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (9.75 energy %.) All food sources had significant amounts of the omega-3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (2.9 energy %). In terms of human diets, the howler monkey's fat consumption would not be considered atherogenic. Unless these animals show a particular adverse susceptibility to dietary fat, it is unlikely that their fat intake is the primary cause of the low, but significant, incidence of atherosclerosis that develops in these animals in the wild state. C1 USDA,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ANTHROPOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP CHAMBERLAIN, J (reprint author), UNIV PACIFIC,DEPT ANAT,2155 WEBSTER ST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94115, USA. NR 46 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0014-4754 J9 EXPERIENTIA JI Experientia PD SEP 15 PY 1993 VL 49 IS 9 BP 820 EP 824 DI 10.1007/BF01923558 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LY255 UT WOS:A1993LY25500018 PM 8104821 ER PT J AU KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C CARLIN, RJ SHEFFIELD, C KUBENA, L STANKER, L DELOACH, JR AF KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C CARLIN, RJ SHEFFIELD, C KUBENA, L STANKER, L DELOACH, JR TI ANALYSIS OF HAPTEN-CARRIER PROTEIN CONJUGATES BY NONDENATURING GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE HAPTEN-CARRIER PROTEIN CONJUGATE; CONJUGATION METHOD; ELECTROPHORETIC METHOD ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IMMUNOASSAYS AB Hapten-carrier protein conjugates were made using five different small haptens (MW < 1000), two carrier proteins and two methods of conjugation. Nondenaturing agarose gel electrophoresis was used to demonstrate that when as few as two molecules of a small hapten are attached to the carrier, the conjugate band migrates differently from that of the carrier alone or of the coupling reagent-treated carrier. Furthermore, the direction of the change in migration of each conjugate correlates with the change in charge which occurs upon attachment of the hapten to the carrier. RP KAMPSHOLTZAPPLE, C (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,ROUTE 5,BOX 810,COLL STN,TX 77840, USA. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD SEP 15 PY 1993 VL 164 IS 2 BP 245 EP 253 DI 10.1016/0022-1759(93)90317-Z PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA LY310 UT WOS:A1993LY31000011 PM 8370930 ER PT J AU ODIN, M DUBEY, JP AF ODIN, M DUBEY, JP TI SUDDEN-DEATH ASSOCIATED WITH NEOSPORA-CANINUM MYOCARDITIS IN A DOG SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; DIAGNOSIS C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,ZOONOT DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV MONTREAL,FAC MED VET,DEPT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,ST HYACINTHE J25 7C6,PQ,CANADA. NR 9 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 15 PY 1993 VL 203 IS 6 BP 831 EP 833 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LX491 UT WOS:A1993LX49100016 PM 8226237 ER PT J AU PALUMBO, SA AF PALUMBO, SA TI THE OCCURRENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF ORGANISMS OF THE AEROMONAS-HYDROPHILA GROUP IN FOOD AND WATER SO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON AEROMONAS AND PLESIOMONAS CY MAY 00-16, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA RP PALUMBO, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA PO BOX 133 KLOSTERBERG 23, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1018-4627 J9 MED MICROBIOL LETT JI Med. Microbiol. Lett. PD SEP 15 PY 1993 VL 2 IS 6 BP 339 EP 346 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LY068 UT WOS:A1993LY06800008 ER PT J AU WALLNER, BP HESSION, C TIZARD, R FREY, AZ ZULIANI, A MURA, C JAHNGENHODGE, J TAYLOR, A AF WALLNER, BP HESSION, C TIZARD, R FREY, AZ ZULIANI, A MURA, C JAHNGENHODGE, J TAYLOR, A TI ISOLATION OF BOVINE KIDNEY LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE CDNA - COMPARISON WITH THE LENS ENZYME AND TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF 2 MESSENGER-RNAS SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; GENOMIC DNA; EC 3.4.11.1; BEEF LENS; HOG LENS; GENE; INHIBITOR; BESTATIN AB Aminopeptidases catalyze the hydrolysis of amino acid residues from the amino terminus of peptide substrates. Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) from bovine lens is the best characterized aminopeptidase and the only LAP for which the amino acid sequence was determined by protein sequencing. Using this sequence information, we isolated a bovine kidney LAP cDNA and compared its deduced amino acid sequence to the published amino acid sequence for bovine lens LAP. Overall, the sequences are highly conserved. However, several differences are observed. The kidney LAP cDNA indicates a 26 amino acid extension at the amino terminus which is not found in the mature purified lens LAP. The cDNA also indicates an additional octapeptide in the C-terminal region which was not indicated in the published lens LAP amino acid sequence but which was required for best fit of crystallographic data regarding bovine lens LAP. Several other single amino acid changes were also noted. Levels of LAP transcripts were examined in bovine lens and kidney tissue as well as in cultured lens cells. Lens epithelial tissue showed only one LAP transcript (2.4 kb) whereas two transcripts (2.0 and 2.4 kb) were observed in cultured lens cells derived from epithelial tissue and in kidney tissue. Using Northern blot analysis, we correlated LAP mRNA levels with previously determined changes of LAP activity in aging lens tissue and in progressively passaged lens epithelial cells which were used to simulate aging in vitro. No differences were found in LAP mRNA levels in epithelial tissue from old and young lenses. LAP mRNA concentrations are regulated in a manner consistent with the transient increases in LAP activity and in intracellular proteolytic activity in the progressively passaged cells. Northern blot analysis suggests that the 2.0- and 2.4-kb LAP transcripts arise by differential splicing of a common precursor RNA and that they code for similar but distinct proteins. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NUTR & VIS RES LAB,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. BIOGEN,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02142. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY08566] NR 52 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD SEP 14 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 36 BP 9296 EP 9301 DI 10.1021/bi00087a006 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LX286 UT WOS:A1993LX28600006 PM 8369298 ER PT J AU STOLL, M PHULPIN, T SCHMUGGE, T AF STOLL, M PHULPIN, T SCHMUGGE, T TI INTERCALIBRATION OF 2 AIRBORNE THERMAL INFRARED RADIOMETERS - TIMS AND PRT5 - APPLICATION TO LAND-SURFACE TEMPERATURE RETRIEVAL SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID EMISSIVITY SIGNATURES AB An earlier analysis of the data acquired by TIMS (Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner) operating from the NASA C-130 during HAPEX (Hydrologic Atmospheric Pilot Experiment) MOBILHY experiment, showed that the brightness temperatures for all six channels were too high, and that the magnitude of the error was more or less a function of the aircraft altitude. This problem is certainly due to the ambient air stream which could cool the two blackbodies used as reference targets. To correct the TIMS data, the PRT5 (Precision Thermometer) non-scanning radiometer is used. The PRT5/TIMS comparison is based upon a relationship between a combination of the TIMS surface brightness temperatures, T(i), and the PRT5 surface brightness temperature, T. TIMS and PRT5 corresponding transects are superposed by maximizing the linear correlation between the two sets of temperatures. The correlations are always greater than 0.92. T(c) and T(h) the cold and hot actual blackbody temperatures, can be deduced from the slope and the origin of the preceding fit. Final precision on TIMS temperature is about 1-degrees-C. The validation, made with the ground KT17 radiothermometer, gives satisfactory results. A simple empirical correction is deduced from the 22 mid altitude corrected transects. It gives the same precision on the temperature retrieval when it is applied on high altitude TIMS measurements for which the PRT5 is not available. As expected, the correction is larger for high altitude flights-until 10-degrees-C and more-than for mid altitude flights-from 2 to 5-degrees-C. C1 CTR NATL RECH METEOROL METEO FRANCE,F-31057 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD SEP 10 PY 1993 VL 14 IS 13 BP 2463 EP 2481 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA MA934 UT WOS:A1993MA93400003 ER PT J AU TENG, WL WANG, JR DORAISWAMY, PC AF TENG, WL WANG, JR DORAISWAMY, PC TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SATELLITE MICROWAVE RADIOMETRIC DATA, ANTECEDENT PRECIPITATION INDEX, AND REGIONAL SOIL-MOISTURE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID 37 GHZ DATA; POLARIZATION DIFFERENCE; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; VEGETATION; SMMR AB Satellite microwave brightness temperatures (T(B)'s) have been shown, in previous studies for semi-arid environments, to correlate well with the antecedent precipitation index (API), a soil moisture indicator. The current study, using the Special Sensor Microwave/imager (SSM/I), continued this work for parts of the U.S. Corn and Wheat Belts, which included areas with a more humid climate, a denser natural vegetation cover, and a different mix of agricultural crop types. Four years (1987-1990) of SSM/I data at 19 and 37 GHz, daily precipitation and temperature data from weather stations, and API calculated from the weather data were processed, geo-referenced, and averaged to 3/4-degrees latitude-longitude grid quadrants. Correlation results between T(B) at 19 GHz and API were highly dependent on geographical location. Correlation coefficients (r values) ranged from -0.6 to -0.85 for the semi-arid parts of the study area and from -0-3 to -0.7 for the more humid and more densely vegetated parts. R values were also higher for the very dry and very wet years (-O.5 to -0.85) than for the 'normal' year (-0.3 to -0.65). Similar to previous results, the Microwave Polarization Difference Index (MPDI), based on the 37 GHz data, was found to correspond to variations in vegetation cover. The MPDI was used to develop a linear regression model to estimate API from T(B). Correlation between estimated and calculated APIs was also geographically and time dependent. Comparison of API with some field soil moisture measurements showed a similar trend, which provided some degree of confidence in using API as an indicator of soil moisture. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,MICROWAVE SENSORS & DATA COMMUN BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP TENG, WL (reprint author), HUGHES STX CORP,4400 FORBES BLVD,LANHAM,MD 20706, USA. NR 24 TC 44 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD SEP 10 PY 1993 VL 14 IS 13 BP 2483 EP 2500 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA MA934 UT WOS:A1993MA93400004 ER PT J AU SWANSON, CL FANTA, GF SALCH, JH AF SWANSON, CL FANTA, GF SALCH, JH TI SKIN AND LAYER FORMATION IN FILMS PREPARED FROM CARBOHYDRATES, POLY(ETHYLENE-CO-ACRYLIC ACID), AND POLYETHYLENE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STARCH POLYSACCHARIDES; COACRYLIC ACID); BLOWN FILMS; COMPLEXES; AMYLOSE; BIODEGRADATION; AMYLOPECTIN AB Cornstarch, a canary dextrin, and a maltodextrin were compared in films blown from carbohydrates compounded with poly (ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and aqueous ammonium hydroxide plasticizer. Dextrins or maltodextrins having dextrose equivalent values of one and greater caused dark-colored films with caramel odors, probably due to Maillard reactions. Blown films with hydrophobic skins and water-sensitive cores were produced with the dextrinized carbohydrates, but not from natural cornstarch. Water sensitivity of films containing the dextrinized carbohydrate was reduced by recycling the films through.the blown film die. A mechanism for development of the skins is proposed, as is a method for preparing thin semipermeable membranes. (C) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP SWANSON, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, PLANT POLYMER LAB, 1815 N UNIV, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 EI 1097-4628 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD SEP 10 PY 1993 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1683 EP 1693 DI 10.1002/app.1993.070491001 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA LR929 UT WOS:A1993LR92900001 ER PT J AU DOOLITTLE, RE PATRICK, DG HEATH, RH AF DOOLITTLE, RE PATRICK, DG HEATH, RH TI METAL-AMMONIA REDUCTION OF ETHERS OF 3-DECYN-1-OL - EFFECTS OF STRUCTURE AND CONDITIONS ON CLEAVAGE AND REARRANGEMENT SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SEX-PHEROMONES; PROTECTION; ALCOHOLS; MILD AB Reduction of the THP, ethyl, tert-butyl and tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) ethers of 3-decyn-1-ol with sodium in ammonia/THF results in extensive hydrogenolysis of the carbon-oxygen bond and concomitant bond migration, producing a mixture of 2- and 3-decenes and a very low yield of the desired (E)-homoallylic ether. Reduction in the presence of 2-methyl-2-propanol led to excellent yields of the desired (E)-3-decenol ethers. The 4- and 5-decyn-1-ol ethers were reduced normally to the (E)-decen-1-ol ethers except in the case of the TBDMS ethers which were cleaved to the (E)-alcohols under some of the reaction conditions. RP DOOLITTLE, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC BIOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD SEP 10 PY 1993 VL 58 IS 19 BP 5063 EP 5066 DI 10.1021/jo00071a014 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA LY889 UT WOS:A1993LY88900014 ER PT J AU SWANSON, CL BURG, DA KLEIMAN, R AF SWANSON, CL BURG, DA KLEIMAN, R TI MEADOWFOAM MONOENOIC FATTY-ACID AMIDES AS SLIP AND ANTIBLOCK AGENTS IN POLYOLEFIN FILM SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ENRICHMENT AB Mixed monounsaturated amides (MMA) of fatty acids from meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) were effective slip and antiblocking agents for polyethylene films. MMA may compete with extant amides as additives for manufacture of PE films if their selling price is competitive. The MMA (79% cis-5-eicosenoic acid amides, 17% cis-5-, and cis-13-docosenoic acid amides, and 1% cis-5,cis-13-docosadienoic acid amide) required > 500 ppm but < 1000 ppm dosage to achieve high slip (coefficient of friction < 0.2) within 10 minutes of film blowing. For comparison, erucamide required < 250 ppm, oleamide required < 500 ppm, and stearamide required > 1000 ppm to give high slip levels within 10 min. Maximum antiblocking effectiveness of MMA, which developed at 1000 ppm, was equivalent to stearamide at 1000 ppm. (C) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.(sectional sign) C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,NEW CROPS RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP SWANSON, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PLANT POLYMER RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD SEP 5 PY 1993 VL 49 IS 9 BP 1619 EP 1624 DI 10.1002/app.1993.070490913 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA LR470 UT WOS:A1993LR47000013 ER PT J AU FANTA, GF TRIMNELL, D SALCH, JH AF FANTA, GF TRIMNELL, D SALCH, JH TI GRAFT-POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL ACRYLATE VINYL-ACETATE MIXTURES ONTO STARCH SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Note RP FANTA, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS,NCAUR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD SEP 5 PY 1993 VL 49 IS 9 BP 1679 EP 1682 DI 10.1002/app.1993.070490921 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA LR470 UT WOS:A1993LR47000021 ER PT J AU WANG, ZY RAMAGE, RT PORTIS, AR AF WANG, ZY RAMAGE, RT PORTIS, AR TI MG(2+) AND ATP OR ADENOSINE 5'-[GAMMA-THIO]-TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP-GAMMA-S) ENHANCES INTRINSIC FLUORESCENCE AND INDUCES AGGREGATION WHICH INCREASES THE ACTIVITY OF SPINACH RUBISCO ACTIVASE SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE RUBISCO ACTIVASE; ATP; ATP-GAMMA-S; FLUORESCENCE; ENZYME REGULATION; (SPINACH) ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE; RIBULOSE 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE; ASSAY; HYDROLYSIS AB ATP and Mg2+ caused a transient increase in the intrisinc fluorescence of Rubisco activase which was inhibited by the presence of ADP. Only minor changes in fluorescence were observed with ATP or Mg2+ alone. The fluorescence increase was stabilized by addition of an ATP regenerating system or by substitution of ATP with a non-hydrolyzable analog, adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]-triphosphate (ATPgammaS). The initial rate of increase in fluorescence also depended on the concentration of protein in a manner consistent with second-order kinetics. The concentration dependence for the effect of ATPgammaS was sigmoidal, although at pH 8 the half-saturation requirements for both ATPgammaS (12 muM) and Mg2+ (1.5 mM) were not too dissimilar to the binding affinities (6 muM and 2 mM, respectively) determined indirectly with the fluorescent probe, 1-anilinonapthalene-8-sulfonate. However, the concentration dependence of ATP was about 5-fold higher than its binding affinity, also sigmoidal and quite similar to the concentration responses of ATP hydrolysis and activation of Rubisco by the protein. These characteristics of the intrinsic fluorescence indicate that it monitors a conformational change in the protein occurring after binding of the nucleotide and associated with increased aggregation. Direct evidence of increased aggregation in the presence of Mg2+ and ATP or ATPgammaS was obtained by gel-filtration chromatography. However, the apparent molecular mass was heterogenous and also varied with temperature. The increased aggregation of the protein resulted in altered kinetic properties. The ATP hydrolysis activity of the protein increased and the half-maximal ATP concentration decreased as the protein concentration was increased in the assay. Also, a brief pretreatment of the protein with ATP and Mg2+ to increase aggregation eliminated the otherwise observed time delays in the Rubisco activation and ATP hydrolysis kinetics. C1 USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,190 PLANT & ANIM BIOTECHNOL BLDG,1201 W GREGORY,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGRON,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 16 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3002 J9 BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA PD SEP 3 PY 1993 VL 1202 IS 1 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1016/0167-4838(93)90061-U PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA LY161 UT WOS:A1993LY16100007 PM 8373824 ER PT J AU BARTLETT, AC GAWEL, NJ AF BARTLETT, AC GAWEL, NJ TI DETERMINING WHITEFLY SPECIES SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article RP BARTLETT, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN COTTON RES LAB,4135 E BROADWAY RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85040, USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 3 PY 1993 VL 261 IS 5126 BP 1333 EP 1334 DI 10.1126/science.8362245 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LV656 UT WOS:A1993LV65600033 PM 8362245 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, BC DUFFUS, JE BAUMANN, P AF CAMPBELL, BC DUFFUS, JE BAUMANN, P TI DETERMINING WHITEFLY SPECIES SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; PEA APHID C1 USDA,AGR RES STN,SALINAS,CA 93905. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT MICROBIOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP CAMPBELL, BC (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES STN,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 3 PY 1993 VL 261 IS 5126 BP 1333 EP 1333 DI 10.1126/science.8257524 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LV656 UT WOS:A1993LV65600032 PM 8257524 ER PT J AU HOTCHKISS, AT HICKS, KB AF HOTCHKISS, AT HICKS, KB TI ANALYSIS OF PECTATE LYASE-GENERATED OLIGOGALACTURONIC ACIDS BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; POLYGALACTURONIC ACID; CELL-WALL; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; TOBACCO; INHIBITION; SEPARATION; RESINS AB Traditionally, UV absorption detection (A235) of 4,5-unsaturated bonds has been used to evaluate the depolymerization of pectic polysaccharides by pectate lyase (PL). This approach ignores the generation of oligogalacturonic acids without a 4,5-unsaturated function that appear early in the time course of PL cleavage. We found that high-performance anion-exchange chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) could separate and detect oligogalacturonic acids both with and without 4,5-unsaturated functions at their nonreducing ends in PL digests of polygalacturonic acid (PGA) and tobacco cell walls. The ''recombinant'' PL used was free of endopolygalacturonase activity. Peaks were identified in PL digest chromatograms by retention time agreement with oligogalacturonic acid standards purified by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography and a PGA autoclave hydrolysate that contained oligogalacturonic acids up to degree of polymerization (dp) 40, which lacked the 4,5-unsaturated function. When comparing like dp oligogalacturonic acids, those without the 4,5-unsaturated function eluted earlier from the HPAEC CarboPac PA1 column than did their unsaturated counterparts. These techniques provide the first means for the dp assignment of oligogalacturonic acids generated by both hydrolytic and lytic cleavage of polygalacturonic acid and plant cell walls. RP USDA ARS, EASTERN REG RES CTR, 600 E MERMAID LANE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19118 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD SEP 2 PY 1993 VL 247 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(93)84236-Y PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA LX562 UT WOS:A1993LX56200001 ER PT J AU RENDLEMAN, JA AF RENDLEMAN, JA TI ENHANCED PRODUCTION OF GAMMA-CYCLODEXTRIN FROM CORN SYRUP SOLIDS BY MEANS OF CYCLODODECANONE AS SELECTIVE COMPLEXANT SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PNEUMONIAE M-5 AL; GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE AB In the presence of cyclododecanone as complexant, com syrup solids (dextrose equivalent, d.e., 25; dpBAR 4.5) were converted into cyclomaltooctaose (gamma-cyclodcxtrin, gamma-CD) in 28% yield by incremental addition of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTasc) at 60-degrees-C and pH 7.2. Cyclotridecanone was less effective in enhancing gamma-CD yield (14%); cyclic complexants with fewer than 12 ring atoms or more than 13 ring atoms were ineffective. In systems containing cyclododecanone, D-glucose strongly inhibited the conversion of both maltodextrin (starch hydrolyzate of dpBAR 22) and corn syrup solids (dpBAR 5). Maltose, when present in large proportion, also decreased yields of gamma-CD from corn syrup solids, but not from maltodextrin. Maltotriose had no inhibiting effect on either substrate. The nature of the high-molecular-weight fraction (dpBAR > 10) of starch hydrolyzates was found to influence gamma-CD production and was the predominant factor causing yields from corn syrup solids to be lower than those from maltodextrin. Maltose itself did not undergo conversion; however, other low-molecular-weight maltooligosaccharides were converted into gamma-CD in good yield when treated incrementally with CGTase in the presence of cyclododecanone: 20.1% from maltotriose, 36.5% from maltotetraose, 44.1% from maltopentaose, 41.0% from maltohexaose, and 34.7% from maltoheptaose. Yields from maltooligosaccharides were adversely affected by the presence of both D-glucose and maltose. RP RENDLEMAN, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD SEP 2 PY 1993 VL 247 BP 223 EP 237 DI 10.1016/0008-6215(93)84255-5 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA LX562 UT WOS:A1993LX56200020 ER PT J AU BAUER, PJ CAMBERATO, JJ ROACH, SH AF BAUER, PJ CAMBERATO, JJ ROACH, SH TI COTTON YIELD AND FIBER QUALITY RESPONSE TO GREEN MANURES AND NITROGEN SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LEGUME COVER CROPS; CRIMSON CLOVER; TILLAGE; RELEASE; PERFORMANCE; CULTIVARS; OBSOLETE AB The quantity and availability of N from green manures will considerably affect the N management of a succeeding cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop. This study was conducted to determine the N supplying capacity of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), Austrian winter pea [Pisum sativum subsp. arvense (L.) Poir.], and rye (Secale cereale L.) to cotton and their influence on cotton yield and fiber properties. Green manure treatments (and a fallow check) with fertilizer N levels of 0, 56, 112, and 168 kg ha-1 were compared for 3 yr on a Norfolk loamy sand (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Kandiudult). Soil moisture at planting was similar among the four green manure treatments. At the 0 N level, the legumes generally had higher soil NO3-N than rye or fallow. Cotton grown following clover and pea with 0 kg ha-1 added N had petiole NO3-N levels similar to those of rye and fallow with 56 kg N ha-1. Fertilizer N had no influence on cotton yield in the pea winter cover treatment. A quadratic regression equation best described the lint yield response following clover. For both rye and fallow treatments, yield plateaued at 56 kg N ha-1. Green manures had little influence on fiber properties. The results indicate that legumes supply adequate but not excessive N for modern cotton production and that incorporation of rye into the production system does not affect N fertilization requirements. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,CTR PEE DEE RES & EDUC,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,FLORENCE,SC 29501. RP BAUER, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,COASTAL PLAINS SOIL WATER & PLANT RES CTR,POB 3039,FLORENCE,SC 29502, USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1019 EP 1023 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MA600 UT WOS:A1993MA60000010 ER PT J AU RAO, ACS SMITH, JL JANDHYALA, VK PAPENDICK, RI PARR, JF AF RAO, ACS SMITH, JL JANDHYALA, VK PAPENDICK, RI PARR, JF TI CULTIVAR AND CLIMATIC EFFECTS ON THE PROTEIN-CONTENT OF SOFT WHITE WINTER-WHEAT SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GRAIN PROTEIN; QUALITY; SOIL; ENVIRONMENT; YIELD AB High-protein wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) are not preferred for Oriental diets. Because the protein content of soft white winter wheat grown extensively in the U.S. Pacific Northwest is often higher than the optimum (100 g kg-1) for export, there has been a decline of wheat exports to Japan and other Pacific Rim countries. The present study was undertaken to examine the trends in protein levels during 1979 to 1988 and to evaluate the influence of wheat cultivars and climatic parameters on protein content of SWW wheat in the Pacific Northwest. The maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation, and evaporation during each of 9 wk prior to crop harvest were tested for their effect on protein content. Data on protein content used in the analysis were obtained from the annual reports of USDA Western Wheat Quality Laboratory for wheat grown at 10 different locations in Washington, Idaho, and Oregon. Five-year moving averages indicated a rising trend in the protein content at Lind, WA, and Moro, OR, the two driest locations. Commercially grown cultivars had no significant influence on protein content in the presence of climatic parameters. Climatic parameters were found to have a significant influence on wheat protein content with coefficients of multiple determination ranging from 0.36 to 0.82 for the 10 locations. Maximum temperature during the grain-filling stage influenced the protein content at 9 out of 10 locations, and, generally, a rise in temperature resulted in higher protein contents. With climatic factors significantly influencing protein levels in SWW wheat, suitable agronomic and fertility management practices are needed to ameliorate the climatic effects. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PURE & APPL MATH,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PROGRAM STAT,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP RAO, ACS (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP & SOIL SCI,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 26 TC 58 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1023 EP 1028 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MA600 UT WOS:A1993MA60000011 ER PT J AU KNIGHT, WG MORGAN, JA GUENZI, WD SHOOP, MC AF KNIGHT, WG MORGAN, JA GUENZI, WD SHOOP, MC TI SOIL-APPLIED ATRAZINE ALTERS BLUE GRAMA PHYSIOLOGY AND INDIRECTLY INFLUENCES SOIL-NITROGEN SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DENITRIFICATION; HERBICIDES; FERTILIZER; PROTEIN; RANGE AB Atrazine 12-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] applied at sublethal concentrations to rangelands, has resulted in herbage production and/or enhanced plant N concentration of desirable warm-season grasses beyond that expected from weed control alone. This investigation was conducted to determine whether this is a metabolically regulated plant response, the result of enhanced soil N availability via microbially mediated processes, or both. Aerobic and anaerobic laboratory incubation studies with an atrazine-amended, rangeland soil indicated no direct effect of atrazine on soil-mediated N transformations. Applications of atrazine to the same soil type in column-lysimeters containing blue grams [Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud.] plants resulted in temporarily elevated soil NO3 concentrations and reduced NH4 concentrations in proportion to the different rates of atrazine applied (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg column-1). Applications of atrazine to soil containing blue grama plants initially inhibited photosynthesis and plant growth, and resulted in temporarily elevated soil NO3 concentrations and reduced NH4 concentrations. A strong inverse relationship was observed across the four atrazine treatments between soil available N and shoot N content, strongly suggesting that the dominant plant-mediated effect of atrazine on soil N pools was elicited through atrazine's initial inhibitory effect on plant growth. A strong negative correlation between leaf photosynthesis rate and tissue NO3 levels across all four atrazine rates suggests that in addition to its negative effects on blue grama photosynthesis and growth, atrazine also impairs blue grama's ability to reduce NO3, enhancing the accumulation of plant tissue NO3 levels. We conclude that temporary changes in soil NO3 and NH4 concentrations from atrazine resulted indirectly from changes in plant growth and metabolism, and not from alterations in soil microbiological processes. C1 USDA ARS,RANGELAND RESOURCES RES UNIT,CROPS RES LAB,1701 CTR AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. EARTH SCI GRP,FT COLLINS,CO 80525. USDA ARS,SOIL PLANT NUTR RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1029 EP 1035 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MA600 UT WOS:A1993MA60000012 ER PT J AU BOX, JE RAMSEUR, EL AF BOX, JE RAMSEUR, EL TI MINIRHIZOTRON WHEAT ROOT DATA - COMPARISONS TO SOIL CORE ROOT DATA SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB A nondestructive, quick, and efficient root measurement technique that quantifies root dynamics is critical to understanding environmental effects on rooting. The objective of this study was to compare roots of three cultivars of soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) observed in minirhizotrons with those washed from soil cores. Minirhizotron determinations were root count (C(a), count cm-2) and root length (L(a), cm cm-2) per unit area; soil core determinations were root length (L(v), cm cm-3) and root dry Weight (W(v), mg cm-3) per unit volume. Growth stages studied were double ridge, early boot, milk, and soft dough. Analysis of variance showed that growth stage and soil depth were significant for L(v), W(v), C(a), and L(a). Cultivar was significant at early boot and milk growth stages for C(a). Linear regression of L(v), W(v), or L(a) as a function of C(a) provided highly significant slope and, except for W(v), intercept values. Statistically, C(a) was the most discriminating minirhizotron measurement parameter. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,GEORGIA STN,DEPT AGRON,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. RP BOX, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,POB 555,WATKINSVILLE,GA 30677, USA. NR 20 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1058 EP 1060 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MA600 UT WOS:A1993MA60000017 ER PT J AU BALIGAR, VC SCHAFFERT, RE DOSSANTOS, HL PITTA, GVE FILHO, AFDB AF BALIGAR, VC SCHAFFERT, RE DOSSANTOS, HL PITTA, GVE FILHO, AFDB TI GROWTH AND NUTRIENT-UPTAKE PARAMETERS IN SORGHUM AS INFLUENCED BY ALUMINUM SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENCY RATIOS; MINERAL UPTAKE; ACID SOIL; TOLERANCE; VARIABILITY; GENOTYPES; CULTIVARS; TOXICITY AB Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the fifth most important cereal crop in the world. The majority of soils on which sorghum is grown are acidic, and production on such soils is limited by high levels of Al and Mn, and deficient levels of Ca, Mg, and P. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate differences in growth and uptake (U), influx (IN), and transport (TR) of nutrients by 40 exotic sorghum genotypes at three levels of soil Al saturation. Growth of shoots and roots and nutrient uptake parameters were affected by soil Al saturation, genotypes, and their interactions. Growth and uptake parameters were used to separate the genotypes into most efficient and least efficient categories at various levels of soil Al saturation. Shoot nutrient U, IN, and TR were positively correlated (P < 0.01) with shoot and root dry weight, and inversely related (P < 0.01) to soil Al saturation and shoot Al concentration. Our greenhouse technique appears to be a reliable method for separating genotypes into Al-tolerant and intolerant types. Genotypes used in the study showed intraspecific genetic diversity in growth and uptake, influx, and transport of essential elements. Therefore, selection of acid-tolerant genotypes and further breeding of Al-tolerant cultivars is feasible in sorghum. C1 USAID,S&T,AGR,AP,WASHINGTON,DC 20523. CNPMS,EMBRAPA,BR-35700 SETE LAGOAS,MATO GROSSO,BRAZIL. RP BALIGAR, VC (reprint author), USDA ARS,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1068 EP 1074 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MA600 UT WOS:A1993MA60000019 ER PT J AU LEE, RD JOHNSON, BE PEDERSEN, JF HASKINS, FA GORZ, HJ AF LEE, RD JOHNSON, BE PEDERSEN, JF HASKINS, FA GORZ, HJ TI SOURCES OF VARIATION IN THE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY OF HYDROCYANIC ACID POTENTIAL IN SORGHUM SEEDLINGS SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID REGISTRATION AB Spectrophotometry is a useful assay for hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p) in sorghum and sudangrass [both Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] seedlings, but no systematic study or sources of variation in the procedure has been reported. Selfed seed was harvested from each of 12 ramets (two each from two sister plants from three low-HCN-p sudangrass parents), and seedlings for sampling were grown in a growth chamber, in two rows from each ramet. Seven-day-old seedlings were harvested and divided into two samples per row for extraction; two aliquots per extract were assayed spectrophotometrically for HCN-p. The experiment was replicated three times. The three parents differed in HCN-p. Rows within ramets, and samples within rows, were also significant sources of variation, but the magnitude of variance component estimates was small relative to that of the parents. Sister plants within parents, ramets within plants, and aliquots within samples were not significant sources of variation. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,NO PLAINS AREA WHEAT SORGHUM FORAGE RES UNIT,USDA ARS,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP LEE, RD (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1095 EP 1096 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MA600 UT WOS:A1993MA60000024 ER PT J AU PAPENDICK, R AF PAPENDICK, R TI REVISITING THE USDA REPORTS - SOME ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Conference of the Wallace-Institute on Alternative Agriculture Policy: A New Time to Choose CY MAR 01, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP WALLACE INST RP PAPENDICK, R (reprint author), USDA ARS,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU H A WALLACE INST ALTERNAT AGR PI GREENBELT PA 9200 EDMONSTON ROAD SUITE 117, GREENBELT, MD 20770-1551 SN 0889-1893 J9 AM J ALTERNATIVE AGR JI Am. J. Altern. Agric. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 8 IS 4 BP 154 EP 155 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NN486 UT WOS:A1993NN48600004 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, P AF JOHNSON, P TI REVISITING THE USDA REPORTS - FURTHER THOUGHTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Conference of the Wallace-Institute on Alternative Agriculture Policy: A New Time to Choose CY MAR 01, 1993 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP WALLACE INST RP JOHNSON, P (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU H A WALLACE INST ALTERNAT AGR PI GREENBELT PA 9200 EDMONSTON ROAD SUITE 117, GREENBELT, MD 20770-1551 SN 0889-1893 J9 AM J ALTERNATIVE AGR JI Am. J. Altern. Agric. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 8 IS 4 BP 157 EP 157 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA NN486 UT WOS:A1993NN48600006 ER PT J AU JACQUES, PF SADOWSKI, JA RUSH, D SULSKY, SI PHILLIPS, JCC WILLETT, WC AF JACQUES, PF SADOWSKI, JA RUSH, D SULSKY, SI PHILLIPS, JCC WILLETT, WC TI COMPARISON OF INTAKE AND BLOOD-CONCENTRATIONS OF MICRONUTRIENTS - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Letter ID HEALTHY ELDERLY POPULATION; QUESTIONNAIRE C1 EPIDEMIOL RESOURCES INC,NEWTON LOWER FALLS,MA 02162. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DANA FARBER CANC INST,DEPT CANC EPIDEMIOL & CONTROL,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,CHANNING LAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP JACQUES, PF (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 58 IS 3 BP 450 EP 451 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LV751 UT WOS:A1993LV75100023 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, LA WELCH, GR KEYVANFAR, K DORFMANN, AD FUGGER, EF SCHULMAN, JD AF JOHNSON, LA WELCH, GR KEYVANFAR, K DORFMANN, AD FUGGER, EF SCHULMAN, JD TI FLOW SEPARATION OF HUMAN X-CHROMOSOME AND Y-CHROMOSOME BEARING SPERM VALIDATED WITH DNA PROBES FOR PREVENTION OF X-LINKED DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,RICHMOND,VA 23298. GENET & IVF INST,FAIRFAX,VA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 53 IS 3 SU S BP 1422 EP 1422 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA LW335 UT WOS:A1993LW33501421 ER PT J AU SALGAR, SK PAAPE, MJ ALSTONMILLS, B AF SALGAR, SK PAAPE, MJ ALSTONMILLS, B TI ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY AND FLOW CYTOMETRIC METHODS TO SCREEN HYBRIDOMA CULTURE SUPERNATANTS FOR ANTIBODIES TO BOVINE NEUTROPHIL SURFACE-ANTIGENS, AND MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGENS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; TARGET-CELLS; SOLID-PHASE; ELISA; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEINS; SYSTEM AB Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometric methods to screen hybridoma culture supernatants for antibodies to bovine neutrophils (surface antigen-specific) were optimized. Sensitivity of the 2 methods was compared, A panel of 14 murine monoclonal antibodies (MAB) to surface antigens of bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (neutrophils) was produced by hybridoma technology, and their isotypes were determined by whole-cell ELISA. Monoclonal antibody reactivity with neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes isolated on phosphate-buffered saline solution and on Ficoll-sodium diatrizoate were compared. Biochemical characterization of antigens recognized by MAB was performed by immunoblot analysis. Neutrophil plasma membranes were isolated on sucrose gradients (20, 32, and 50%) and purified for polypeptide characterization. Neutrophil surface proteins were characterized by external labeling with I-125. The flow cytometric method was proven to, be more sensitive and rapid than ELISA to screen hybridoma supernatants. This method allowed light-scatter gating of live neutrophil populations for analysis, which eliminated nonspecific binding of antibodies to contaminating cells and dead neutrophils. The optimal conditions for flow cytometric analyses were 5 x 10(5) neutrophils and 1 mug of fluorescein-labeled F(ab')2/assay as the second antibody. The optimal conditions for hybridoma screening by ELISA were neutrophil concentration of 2.5 x 10(5)/well, using a 96-well polystyrene microtitration plate as solid support, and 2,2'-azino-di[3-ethyl-benzthiazoline sulfonate (6)] with H2O2 as the chromogenic substrate. Tissue culture plates as solid support and 3,3', 5,5'-tetramethyl benzidine, with H2O2 as the chromogenic substrate, were equally as sensitive. Panel MAB reacted differently with neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes. Isolation of these cells from blood on Ficoll-sodium diatrizoate generally did not alter MAB reactivity. Coomassie blue-stained gels of neutrophil plasma membrane proteins contained about 25 polypeptide bands, 13 of which were major bands. Autoradiography revealed about 11 surface proteins, 5 of which were heavily labeled with I-125. Monoclonal antibody S7G8 identified a 65-kd protein and MAB S8G10 identified 65- and 70-kd proteins. On the basis of molecular weight, MAB S7G8 and S8G10 are comparable to human CD15, CD16, and CD64 molecules. The MAB generated in this study are potential candidates to discern bovine neutrophil function and heterogeneity. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,MILK SECRET & MASTITIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP SALGAR, SK (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 54 IS 9 BP 1415 EP 1425 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MB748 UT WOS:A1993MB74800006 PM 8239127 ER PT J AU HAYNES, KG POTTS, WE AF HAYNES, KG POTTS, WE TI MINIMIZING INBREEDING IN TETRAPLOIDS DERIVED THROUGH SEXUAL POLYPLOIDIZATION SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE 2N GAMETES; 1ST DIVISION RESTITUTION (FDR); 2ND DIVISION RESTITUTION (SDR); POTATO; 4X-2X HYBRIDS; UNREDUCED GAMETES ID DIPLOID POTATOES AB Diploid (2n = 2x = 24) potato (Solanum) species that produce 2n gametes are being utilized in potato breeding programs. Three breeding schemes involving these diploids are presently used by potato breeders to transfer this genetic material from diploid parents to their tetraploid offspring. Derived tetraploids may arise through tetraploid x diploid, tetraploid x haploid-species, or diploid x diploid hybridizations. The inbreeding coefficient of derived tetraploids is a complex function of the coancestry of the parents, the inbreeding of the parents, the coefficient of double reduction in the tetraploid parent, and the frequency of single exchange tetrads in the diploid parent(s), and it depends on the mechanism of 2n gamete formation. For the two breeding strategies involving tetraploid female parents, there is less inbreeding in the derived tetraploid from a diploid parent producing 2n pollen by first division restitution than 2n pollen by second division restitution when the frequency of single exchange tetrads in the diploid is less than 2/3. In bilateral sexual polyploidization, the inbreeding coefficient of a derived tetraploid for a given set of parents from a first division x first division restitution cross is less than the inbreeding coefficient of a second division x first division restitution cross which is less than the inbreeding coefficient of a second division x second division cross when the frequency of single exchange tetrads is less than 2/3. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,USDA ARS,STAT CONSULTING & ANAL SERV,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP HAYNES, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 70 IS 9 BP 617 EP 624 DI 10.1007/BF02849151 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MA047 UT WOS:A1993MA04700001 ER PT J AU MURDOCH, CW LEACH, SS AF MURDOCH, CW LEACH, SS TI EVALUATION OF LAETISARIA-ARVALIS AS A BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT OF RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI ON WHITE POTATO SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; POTATO DISEASES ID SOIL AB Laetisaria arvalis, a soil-inhabiting basidiomycete, reduced Rhizoctomia solani infection of white potato. A greenhouse study that monitored population levels of both fungi showed that soil infested with L. arvalis suppressed the growth of R. solani after eight wks. Populations of L. arvalis and R. solani increased after 11 wks. when both fungi were infested simultaneously and when L. arvalis was introduced to soil previously infested with R. solani. Five years of field studies showed that various L. arvalis seed treatments and soil amendments reduced R. solani infection of stems and stolons and sclerotial formation on tubers equal to the standard chemical treatment of pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) + thiabendazole. No relationship was shown between populations of L. arvalis and R. solani in field plot soils, but native or wild strains of L. arvalis were shown to be present at detectable levels in field soils. C1 UNIV MAINE,USDA ARS,NE PLANT SOIL & WATER LAB,ORONO,ME 04469. RP MURDOCH, CW (reprint author), UNIV MAINE,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,5755 NUTTING HALL,ORONO,ME 04469, USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 70 IS 9 BP 625 EP 634 DI 10.1007/BF02849152 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MA047 UT WOS:A1993MA04700002 ER PT J AU CHANG, MM CHIANG, CC MARTIN, MW HADWIGER, LA AF CHANG, MM CHIANG, CC MARTIN, MW HADWIGER, LA TI EXPRESSION OF A PEA DISEASE RESISTANCE RESPONSE GENE IN THE POTATO CULTIVAR SHEPODY SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC ENGINEERING; TRANSGENIC PLANTS ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; FUSARIUM-SOLANI; RUSSET BURBANK; TRANSFORMATION; PROTEINS; INVITRO; TRANSCRIPTS; VECTORS; CLONING; INVIVO AB The coding sequence from the pea disease resistance response gene 49 (DRR49 gene), was transferred into the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar Shepody via Agrobacterium co-cultivation. Potato leaf explants were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring a binary vector containing the coding sequence from the DRR49 gene under the control of the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). Transformed potato plants were selected by their resistance to kanamycin. The insertion of foreign DNAs was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analysis. The expression of DRR49 coding sequence was confirmed via the detection of the corresponding mRNA in northern blot analysis. Field pathogenicity tests indicated that transgenic plants expressing the pea DRR49 mRNA have higher tuber yields than the control plants when grown in PED (potato early dying) infested soil. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,CTR IRRIGATED AGR RES & EXTENS,PROSSER,WA 99350. RP CHANG, MM (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 70 IS 9 BP 635 EP 647 DI 10.1007/BF02849153 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MA047 UT WOS:A1993MA04700003 ER PT J AU BAMBERG, JB AF BAMBERG, JB TI A PLANTING AID FOR POTATO SEEDLING TRANSPLANTS SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Note DE TRANSPLANTER AB Hand planting large numbers of seedlings into field plots is difficult, time consuming and labor intensive. Conventional mechanical planters have long been available, but do not do an adequate job when numerous small plots are to be planted, seedlings vary widely in size, or when the seedbed is not uniform or contains rocks or clods. A conventional peat pot transplanter was modified to make it more effective in planting potato seedlings. The planting mechanism and supporting structures were removed. Seats were relocated to make it possible for the operator to place the pot in the furrow by hand. The modified planter gives results comparable in quality to hand planting, but requiring significantly less time and effort. RP BAMBERG, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,POTATO INTRODUCT STN,STURGEON BAY,WI 54235, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 70 IS 9 BP 677 EP 681 DI 10.1007/BF02849156 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA MA047 UT WOS:A1993MA04700006 ER PT J AU AKIN, DE RIGSBY, LL HANNA, WW LYON, CE AF AKIN, DE RIGSBY, LL HANNA, WW LYON, CE TI IN-VITRO DIGESTION AND TEXTURAL STRENGTH OF RIND AND PITH OF NORMAL AND BROWN MIDRIB STEMS SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MILLET PENNISETUM-GLAUCUM; LEAF SHEAR-STRENGTH; PEARL-MILLET; PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS; WALL BIODEGRADABILITY; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; FORAGE QUALITY; CELL-WALLS; DIGESTIBILITY; SORGHUM AB Intact sections of pith and rind from normal (N) and near-isogenic brown midrib (bmr) mutants of TxB623 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.), GA 337 sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.), and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) were analyzed for loss of soluble components, in vitro dry matter digestion after incubation (24 h for pith and 72-120 h for rind) with rumen microorganisms, and textural strength using an Instron universal measuring instrument before and after in vitro digestion. Piths from all sudangrass and sorghum plants from the vegetative harvest were extensively degraded (about 900 g kg-1), with only vascular bundles remaining. In contrast to those of pearl millet, N and counterpart bmr piths from either sudangrass or sorghum were not different (P > 0.05) in digestibility at 24 h. Pith digestibilities in sudangrass ranged from about 940 g kg-1 for vegetative stems to about 600 g kg-1 for mature, upper stems. Similarly, sorghum piths decreased from 840 g kg-1 in vegetative plants to about 690 g kg-1 in mature, upper stems. In all plants, bmr rinds were greater (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) or tended to be greater (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.10) in digestibility than N rinds. For example, sudangrass digestibilities for N and bmr rinds, respectively, were 736 g kg-1 and 901 g kg-1 for vegetative plants and 606 g kg-1 and 808 g kg-1 for mature, upper plants. Shear stress (newtons per area) of piths were about 10-fold less than that of rinds when all plants were considered. Differences were small and inconsistent for undegraded piths and rinds within N/bmr comparisons for sudangrass and sorghum. Extended disruption by rumen microorganisms of pith and rind sections of sudangrass and sorghum prevented testing for shear stress of most digested samples. In pearl millet, rinds in either bmr mutant were about 40% weaker than those in N plants. In this study, shear stresses of pith and rind were not consistently different within N/bmr comparisons, and overall results on textural strength did not relate well to variations observed in digestibility for N and counterpart bmr stems. C1 USDA ARS, COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN, TIFTON, GA 31793 USA. RP USDA ARS, RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR, POB 5677, ATHENS, GA 30613 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 EI 1873-2216 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 303 EP 314 DI 10.1016/0377-8401(93)90085-X PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA MB773 UT WOS:A1993MB77300011 ER PT J AU BLAIR, RM ZAVY, MT YELLIN, T GEISERT, RD AF BLAIR, RM ZAVY, MT YELLIN, T GEISERT, RD TI ESTROGEN ADMINISTRATION ON DAYS 9 AND 10 OF GESTATION DOES NOT ADVERSELY AFFECT ULTRASTRUCTURAL-CHANGES OF PORCINE UTERINE LUMINAL EPITHELIUM SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PIG BLASTOCYSTS; ESTRADIOL VALERATE; EARLY-PREGNANCY; ENDOMETRIAL; ESTABLISHMENT; GILTS; CYCLE; ENVIRONMENT AB Previously we demonstrated that conceptus mortality in swine is associated with alterations in the uterine epithelial glycocalyx after administration of estradiol valerate (E) on Days 9 and to of gestation. The objective of the present study was to examine ultrastructural characteristics of the uterine epithelium following E administration. Gilts received either 5.0 mg (i.m.) of estradiol valerate (n = 6) or vehicle (control; n = 6) on Days 9 and 10 of gestation. Endometrial tissue was processed for transmission electron microscopy on Days 12, 14, 16, and 18 of pregnancy. On all days studied, surface epithelial cells lining the uterine lumen were characterized by the presence of vesicular nuclei, prominent Golgi complexes, and abundant mitochondria. Glycogen deposition was prominent in both control and E-treated gilts; however, glycogen accumulation was greater in E-treated gilts than in control gilts on Day 12 of pregnancy. In control gilts, clear vesicles were more prominent in the apical aspect of uterine epithelial cells compared with the basal aspect on Day 12 of gestation. Dense bodies were more numerous in the basal region compared with the apical region of the uterine epithelium in control and E-treated gilts. Volume density (V(D)) of mitochondria was greater on Days 16 and 18 than on Day 12 of gestation in control and E-treated gilts. The V(D) values of rough endoplasmic reticulum were not different between control and E-treated gilts on Days 12-18 of gestation. The V(D) value of smooth endoplasmic reticulum was greater in control gilts than in E-treated gilts only on Day 12 of gestation. These ultrastructural changes indicated an earlier increase in synthetic and secretory activity in E-treated gilts compared with control gilts and suggest that embryonic death, previously demonstrated to be associated with alterations in the uterine epithelial glycocalyx, did not result from any dramatic ultrastructural changes in the uterine epithelium. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,STILLWATER,OK 74078. USDA ARS,EL RENO,OK 73036. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 32 IS 3-4 BP 253 EP 265 DI 10.1016/0378-4320(93)90097-B PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA LY875 UT WOS:A1993LY87500011 ER PT J AU TATE, TG AF TATE, TG TI LEARNING NETWORKS - LOOKING TO 2010 SO ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Proposed learning network technology offers some alternatives to the way we currently carry out education and training. High schools, state land-grant universities, libraries, community learning centers, public information terminals in public buildings will all be affected by new innovations in information technology. Reinventing and conversion of our traditional educational institutions are feasible and plausible as a result of development in new learning network technologies. We are becoming a nation of community learning centers that cater to formal and informal training and educational needs. These learning centers will be used by a full range of learners: K-12 students during the regular school hours; students in after-school programs during the afternoon and early evening hours; and adults in labor, management, and the professions all during the day and night. This network of community learning centers will be linked by the new National Research and Education Network. Satellite as well as land-based educational networks will be involved. Information terminals at schools, libraries, community learning centers, public buildings, homes, farms, and firms will have access to and be linked by learning networks. RP TATE, TG (reprint author), USDA,EXTENS SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0002-7162 J9 ANN AM ACAD POLIT SS JI Ann. Am. Acad. Polit. Soc. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 529 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1177/0002716293529001007 PG 9 WC Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA LR009 UT WOS:A1993LR00900007 ER PT J AU BIRD, GW IKERD, J AF BIRD, GW IKERD, J TI SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE - A 21ST-CENTURY SYSTEM SO ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF POLITICAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB U.S. agriculture has been very productive during the past fifty years. A number of unexpected consequences, however, are believed to be detrimental to the long-term interests of our nation's agriculture and natural resources. In response to this issue, the Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act of 1990 mandates that the U.S. Department of Agriculture conduct research and education programs on alternative agricultural systems. These must be productive, economically viable, and environmentally sound; they must conserve natural resources, make optional use of on-farm resources, and enhance the quality of life for farmers and ranchers, members of rural communities, and society as a whole. The Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) Program has evolved as an important initiative for development and promotion of alternative agricultural practices and production systems. This article describes sustainable agriculture and its role in the development of a philosophy for identification of research, education, and policy initiatives for twenty-first-century U.S. agriculture. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 48824. UNIV MISSOURI,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. RP BIRD, GW (reprint author), USDA,SUSTAINABLE AGR RES & EDUC PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0002-7162 J9 ANN AM ACAD POLIT SS JI Ann. Am. Acad. Polit. Soc. Sci. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 529 BP 92 EP 102 DI 10.1177/0002716293529001009 PG 11 WC Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA LR009 UT WOS:A1993LR00900009 ER PT J AU THORNE, BL HAVERTY, MI PAGE, M NUTTING, WL AF THORNE, BL HAVERTY, MI PAGE, M NUTTING, WL TI DISTRIBUTION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE NORTH-AMERICAN TERMITE GENUS ZOOTERMOPSIS (ISOPTERA, TERMOPSIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ZOOTERMOPSIS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; INSECT HYDROCARBONS ID HYDROCARBON PHENOTYPES; DAMPWOOD TERMITES; SPECIES ISOPTERA; FIRE ANTS; HYBRIDIZATION AB The modern distribution of species of the North American termite genus Zootermopsis Emerson is described based on reexamination of museum specimens and extensive new field collections. A recently discovered diagnostic morphological character (shape and position of the right mandibular subsidiary tooth in nonsoldier castes) and the enhanced resolution facilitated by hydrocarbon analysis were used to revise distribution maps for each species. The historical biogeography of species of Zootermopsis and their host trees is discussed, with emphasis on the state of California where paleoclimatic and paleobotanic patterns are best known. Evidence demonstrating two substantially allopatric distributions of hydrocarbon phenotypes within the Z. nevadensis complex, in combination with studies of interphenotype agonistic behavior and genetic variation, suggests reproductive isolation between the two Z. nevadensis hydrocarbon variants. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ENTOMOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,BERKELEY,CA 94701. RP THORNE, BL (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 34 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 86 IS 5 BP 532 EP 544 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC446 UT WOS:A1993MC44600002 ER PT J AU COUDRON, TA SCHAUFF, ME STEINER, WW DILLWITH, JW BERGMAN, DK PUTTLER, B SACKS, JM AF COUDRON, TA SCHAUFF, ME STEINER, WW DILLWITH, JW BERGMAN, DK PUTTLER, B SACKS, JM TI MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE ECTOPARASITOIDS EUPLECTRUS-COMSTOCKII AND E-PLATHYPENAE (HYMENOPTERA, EULOPHIDAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE EUPLECTRUS SPP; MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS; CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS ID CUTICULAR COMPONENTS; IDENTIFICATION; HYDROCARBONS; MOSQUITOS AB Several traits have been examined for use as reliable determinants to distinguish species of the genus Euplectrus. Coloration and formation of the clypeus, head measurements, facial setae, and wing venation were insufficient for differentiating species of four laboratory colonies. The pattern of sensory pores on the male scape proved to be the most reliable morphological distinction between E. comstockii Howard and E. plathypenae Howard. Cuticular hydrocarbon analyses and comparison of any one of four allozyme loci (PGM-1, GOT-1, MDH-1, and Est-4) could also distinguish species. Determination of species differences using the patterns of sensory pores, cuticular hydrocarbons, or allozyme patterns concurred with results of mating studies. Chemical analyses provide promising methods of species recognition that are rapidly executed on a single specimen and yield easily interpreted results. RP COUDRON, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65205, USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 86 IS 5 BP 551 EP 559 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC446 UT WOS:A1993MC44600004 ER PT J AU CANE, JH PAYNE, JA AF CANE, JH PAYNE, JA TI REGIONAL, ANNUAL, AND SEASONAL-VARIATION IN POLLINATOR GUILDS - INTRINSIC TRAITS OF BEES (HYMENOPTERA, APOIDEA) UNDERLIE THEIR PATTERNS OF ABUNDANCE AT VACCINIUM-ASHEI (ERICACEAE) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE BEES; POLLINATION; VACCINIUM ID FORAGING BEHAVIOR; FLOWER CONSTANCY; BUMBLEBEES; POLLEN; ECOLOGY; SYSTEMATICS; MORPHOLOGY; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; VISITORS AB We studied the numerical importance of bees as pollinators of rabbiteye blueberry, Vaccinium ashei Reade, in the southeastern United States. Most of the 27 bee species were rare at V. ashei flowers. Three taxa of bees were often abundant at V. ashei: the honey bee, Apis mellifera L.; queens of four bumble bee species (Bombus spp.); and the southeastern blueberry bee, Habropoda laboriosa (F.). Most bee species that co-occur with cultivated V. ashei do not visit its flowers either because adults emerge late in the spring following bloom, or their tongues are too short to probe the flowers effectively. The more common bees varied in their regional, annual, and seasonal abundances at cultivated V. ashei, reflecting inherent differences in sociality, foraging predilections, voltinism, and adult phenologies. Our censuses showed that H. laboriosa is a Vaccinium specialist (2 yr, two states, four habitats). Compared with the other common bees, abundance of H. laboriosa at V. ashei was most variable regionally, least variable annually, and most predictable daily during a flowering season. For 6 yr, adult activity of Bombus queens and univoltine H. laboriosa generally spanned the season of V. ashei flowering. Spatial patchiness but local reliability of H. laboriosa may be an outcome of its oligolectic floral preferences. In contrast, polylectic honey and bumble bees were regionally ubiquitous. However, the temporal abundance of honey bees fluctuated markedly at V. ashei, perhaps reflecting their shifting preferences among competing members of a local flora. C1 AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR RES STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. RP CANE, JH (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 63 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 32 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 86 IS 5 BP 577 EP 588 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC446 UT WOS:A1993MC44600006 ER PT J AU HORTON, DR BURTS, EC UNRUH, TR KRYSAN, JL COOP, LB CROFT, BA AF HORTON, DR BURTS, EC UNRUH, TR KRYSAN, JL COOP, LB CROFT, BA TI INTRAORCHARD CHANGES IN DISTRIBUTION OF WINTERFORM PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA, PSYLLIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH LEAF FALL IN PEAR SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE CACOPSYLLA-PYRICOLA; FLIGHT ACTIVITY; POPULATION ECOLOGY ID ABSCISSION; FOLIVORES; TRAPS AB Early-fall densities of winterform pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, were higher on 'D'Anjou' than on 'Bartlett' pear and were higher in the upper tree canopy than in the lower canopy. These varietal and height effects were not consistent over the duration of the fall sampling period; early fall differences between varieties or canopy heights in psylla densities declined, disappeared, or were reversed by late fall. We suggest that leaf fall displaced psylla from the pear tree upon which psylla relocated within the pear orchard. Five observations in support of this hypothesis include: (1) water pan traps caught large numbers of pear psylla during leaf fall; (2) water pan catch of psylla and of leaves were positively correlated; (3) a sharp decline in psylla densities on the tree accompanied leaf fall; (4) statistical analyses showed that magnitude or direction of variety and height effects changed significantly between early (before leaf drop) and late (after leaf drop) fall; (5) yellow sticky trap catch, which should be an indicator of flight activity, tended to track water pan catch of leaves and psylla. RP HORTON, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,YAKIMA AGR RES LAB,3706 W NOB HILL BLVD,YAKIMA,WA 98902, USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 86 IS 5 BP 599 EP 608 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MC446 UT WOS:A1993MC44600009 ER PT J AU PETTER, JG AF PETTER, JG TI DETECTION OF 2 SMOOTH COLONY PHENOTYPES IN A SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS ISOLATE WHICH VARY IN THEIR ABILITY TO CONTAMINATE EGGS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; PROTEIN; GENES AB Salmonella enteritidis isolates were obtained from eggs after infection of Leghorn hens with a parent isolate (SE6) known to only infrequently contaminate eggs. Isolates from eggs exhibited two phenotypes that were subtly different. One phenotype was typically smooth, while the other was transiently rough. Both sets of isolates were phage type 13A and positive for D1 epitopes. Immunoblot analysis of entire colonies and gas chromatographic analysis of purified lipopolysaccharide revealed that the phenotypic difference between isolates was due to a quantitative difference in O antigen and possibly a qualitative difference in the lipid A core region. In addition, the two isolates had different opacity properties when examined at 600 nm. When the two isolates were used to inject egg-laying hens, a significant difference in the ability to contaminate eggs was detected. RP PETTER, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,934 COLL STN RD,ATHENS,GA 30605, USA. NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 59 IS 9 BP 2884 EP 2890 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LW040 UT WOS:A1993LW04000019 PM 7692818 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, RC RASMUSSEN, MA ALLISON, MJ AF ANDERSON, RC RASMUSSEN, MA ALLISON, MJ TI METABOLISM OF THE PLANT TOXINS NITROPROPIONIC ACID AND NITROPROPANOL BY RUMINAL MICROORGANISMS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA; 3-NITROPROPANOL; REDUCTION AB The nitro toxins 3-nitro-1-propionic acid (NPA) and 3-nitro-1-propanol (NPOH), which are found in many leguminous plants, are known to be detoxified by ruminal microorganisms. The rates of the detoxification reactions are critical to acquisition of tolerance to the plants by ruminant animals, but further information is needed about factors which influence reaction rates and about the nature of the detoxification reactions. We found that rates of disappearance of NPA and NPOH varied somewhat between samples of ruminal fluid but were usually about 0.4 and 0.1 mumol/ml of ruminal fluid per h, respectively, and that rates with threefold-concentrated cells from rumen fluid were correspondingly higher. We present evidence that ruminal microbes from both cattle and sheep reduce these nitro groups in situ, so that NPA is converted to beta-alanine and NPOH is converted to 3-amino-1-propanol. These products were identified by thin-layer chromatography and, as their dabsyl derivatives, separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The product beta-alanine was itself metabolized by these mixed suspensions of rumen microbes, so its recovery was always less than what would be estimated from NPA loss, but as much as 87% of the NPOH lost from incubation mixtures was recovered as 3-amino-1-propanol. Addition of sulfide and ferrous ions to suspensions of ruminal microbes increased the rate of NPOH reduction about threefold, but rates of NPA reduction were not similarly increased. When incubations were under hydrogen gas instead of carbon dioxide, the addition of sulfide and ferrous ions led to even greater (five- to eightfold) increases in the rates of NPOH metabolism. The effect of hydrogen gas was not replaced by the effects of any of a number of other potential hydrogen donors that were tested. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,PHYSIOPATHOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES,IA 50011. RI Rasmussen, Mark/N-9509-2014 NR 24 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 59 IS 9 BP 3056 EP 3061 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LW040 UT WOS:A1993LW04000044 PM 8215375 ER PT J AU VANBERKUM, P KOTOB, SI BASIT, HA SALEM, S GEWAILY, EM ANGLE, JS AF VANBERKUM, P KOTOB, SI BASIT, HA SALEM, S GEWAILY, EM ANGLE, JS TI GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY AMONG STRAINS OF BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM BELONGING TO SEROGROUP-110 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID RHIZOBIUM POPULATION-GENETICS; ENZYME POLYMORPHISM; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; NODULATION; SEROCLUSTER-123; LEGUMINOSARUM; USDA-110 AB Thirty-three strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum within serogroup 110 were examined for genotypic diversity by using DNA-DNA hybridization analyses. The analysis of the DNA from 15 hydrogen-uptake-negative strains with the bradyrhizobial uptake hydrogenase probe pHU52 showed variation in degree of homology and restriction fragment length polymorphism of EcoRI-restricted DNA. Clustering analysis of the 33 strains on the basis of DNA-DNA hybridization analysis with four restriction enzymes and with the bradyrhizobial nodulation locus, pRJUT10, as probe indicated the existence of four groups of strains, which were less than 70% similar. Restriction digestion of genomic DNA with BanHI and DNA-DNA hybridization with pRJUT10 permitted classification of each of the strains according to a specific fingerprint pattern. C1 ZAGAZIG UNIV,DEPT BOT,CAIRO,EGYPT. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT AGRON,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP VANBERKUM, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB,HH-19,BLDG 011,BARC W,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 59 IS 9 BP 3130 EP 3133 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LW040 UT WOS:A1993LW04000056 PM 16349053 ER PT J AU YEE, J HAUVER, JH BALL, VE AF YEE, J HAUVER, JH BALL, VE TI FIXED FACTOR MODELS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID CAPACITY UTILIZATION; EQUILIBRIUM; TEMPORARY AB Measures of productivity typically assume that all inputs are variable, thus ignoring the quasi-fixed nature of agricultural inputs such as farm machinery, land and structures, and self-employed labour. This paper applies recent developments in productivity growth in the presence of quasi-fixed inputs. We find that adjusting for quasi-fixity reduces observed productivity growth in US agriculture by 19% from 1950 to 1989. RP YEE, J (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4P 4EE SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1187 EP 1196 DI 10.1080/00036849300000180 PG 10 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA LW692 UT WOS:A1993LW69200007 ER PT J AU STEWARD, KK AF STEWARD, KK TI SEED PRODUCTION IN MONOECIOUS AND DIOECIOUS POPULATIONS OF HYDRILLA SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID VERTICILLATA LF ROYLE; ISOENZYMIC VARIABILITY; MORPHOLOGY; HYDROCHARITACEAE; REVISION AB The potential for sexual reproduction was evaluated in the various races of an international Hydrilla germplasm collection. Crosses between dioecious and monoecious races of Hydrilla verticullata (L.f.) Royle resulted in seed production in 40 of the 56 crosses (71%). Seeds from 90% of these crosses were viable and most seedlings survived. The dioecious female plant, established in the US since the 1950s, has never been reported to produce seed, but this female was discovered to be one of the greatest seed producers. This race has been reported to be triploid, but seed from four of its five crosses were viable. Triploids are generally sterile, so these findings raise questions about the reported ploidy level of this race. Another observation, not previously reported for Hydrilla, was the occurrence of monoecious offspring from dioecious parents. The reported lack of seed production in the US for female plants of the dioecious race has been due to the absence of a viable pollen donor. RP STEWARD, KK (reprint author), USDA ARS,AQUAT WEED RES,3205 COLL AVE,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314, USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 46 IS 2 BP 169 EP 183 DI 10.1016/0304-3770(93)90044-W PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MA504 UT WOS:A1993MA50400006 ER PT J AU LOGAN, JW KIM, YI MASON, JB ROUBENOFF, R AF LOGAN, JW KIM, YI MASON, JB ROUBENOFF, R TI DNA HYPOMETHYLATION IN INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS - REVERSAL WITH METHOTREXATE (MTX) SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 36 IS 9 SU S BP S250 EP S250 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA MB816 UT WOS:A1993MB81601246 ER PT J AU PEREZ, MD ABRAMS, SA ELLIS, KJ KOENNING, GM STUFF, JE AF PEREZ, MD ABRAMS, SA ELLIS, KJ KOENNING, GM STUFF, JE TI CALCIUM-METABOLISM AND BONE MINERALIZATION IN JUVENILE DERMATOMYOSITIS SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 36 IS 9 SU S BP S256 EP S256 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA MB816 UT WOS:A1993MB81601287 ER PT J AU ROUBENOFF, R SELHUB, J DINARELLO, CA AF ROUBENOFF, R SELHUB, J DINARELLO, CA TI LOW BLOOD PYRIDOXAL-PHOSPHATE (PLP) IN RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS (RA) IS DRIVEN BY TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA (TNF) SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 36 IS 9 SU S BP S124 EP S124 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA MB816 UT WOS:A1993MB81600506 ER PT J AU WATSON, DW PETERSEN, JJ AF WATSON, DW PETERSEN, JJ TI SEASONAL ACTIVITY OF ENTOMOPHTHORA-MUSCAE (ZYGOMYCETES, ENTOMOPHTHORALES) IN MUSCA-DOMESTICA L (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE) WITH REFERENCE TO TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE-HUMIDITY SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE HOUSE FLY; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS ID INFECTIVITY; SURVIVAL; MYCOSIS; FLY C1 USDA ARS,MIDWEST LIVESTOCK INSECTS RES UNIT,LINCOLN,NE 68583. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT ENTOMOL,LINCOLN,NE 68583. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 9 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 1993 VL 3 IS 3 BP 182 EP 190 DI 10.1006/bcon.1993.1026 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA MF511 UT WOS:A1993MF51100003 ER PT J AU ROEHRDANZ, RL REED, DK BURTON, RL AF ROEHRDANZ, RL REED, DK BURTON, RL TI USE OF POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AND ARBITRARY PRIMERS TO DISTINGUISH LABORATORY-RAISED COLONIES OF PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE RAPD-PCR; PARASITOIDS; RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; BIOCONTROL; HYMENOPTERA; APHIDIIDAE; DIAERETIELLA-RAPAE; APHIDIUS-MATRICARIAE; APHIDIUS-PICIPES; APHIDIUS-COLEMANI; LYSIPHLEBUS-TESTACEIPES ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PCR; HETEROZYGOSITY; IDENTIFICATION; HOMOPTERA; APHIDIDAE; MARKERS C1 USDA ARS,PLANT SCI RES LAB,STILLWATER,OK 74075. RP ROEHRDANZ, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 1993 VL 3 IS 3 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1006/bcon.1993.1028 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA MF511 UT WOS:A1993MF51100005 ER PT J AU WOZNIAK, CA SMITH, GA KAPLAN, DT SCHROEDER, WJ CAMPBELL, LG AF WOZNIAK, CA SMITH, GA KAPLAN, DT SCHROEDER, WJ CAMPBELL, LG TI MORTALITY AND ABERRANT DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (DIPTERA, OTITIDAE) AFTER EXPOSURE TO STEINERNEMATID NEMATODES SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE TETANOPS-MYOPAEFORMIS; SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT; STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE; STEINERNEMA-FELTIAE; STEINERNEMA-GLASERI; NEMATODA; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL; DIPTERA; OTITIDAE ID INSECT PATHOGENIC NEMATODES; BACTERIA; NEOAPLECTANA; XENORHABDUS C1 US HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RP WOZNIAK, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NO CROP SCI LAB,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 1993 VL 3 IS 3 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.1006/bcon.1993.1031 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA MF511 UT WOS:A1993MF51100008 ER PT J AU BAKER, JE WEAVER, DK AF BAKER, JE WEAVER, DK TI RESISTANCE IN-FIELD STRAINS OF THE PARASITOID ANISOPTEROMALUS-CALANDRAE (HYMENOPTERA, PTEROMALIDAE) AND ITS HOST, SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE), TO MALATHION, CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL, AND PIRIMIPHOS-METHYL SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE HYMENOPTERA; PTEROMALIDAE; ANISOPTEROMALUS; PARASITOID; SITOPHILUS; RICE WEEVIL; STRAINS; PESTICIDE; INSECTICIDE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; MALATHION; CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL; PIRIMIPHOS-METHYL; RESISTANCE; IPM; BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES HYMENOPTERA; APHYTIS-MELINUS HYMENOPTERA; STORED CORN; COMPARATIVE TOXICITIES; PESTICIDE RESISTANCE; RED SCALE; INSECTICIDES; BRACONIDAE; SELECTION; APHELINIDAE RP BAKER, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,STORED PROD INSECTS RES & DEV LAB,POB 22909,SAVANNAH,GA 31403, USA. NR 58 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD SEP PY 1993 VL 3 IS 3 BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1006/bcon.1993.1033 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA MF511 UT WOS:A1993MF51100010 ER PT J AU BORG, KE LUNSTRA, DD CHRISTENSON, RK AF BORG, KE LUNSTRA, DD CHRISTENSON, RK TI SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS, TESTICULAR SIZE, AND REPRODUCTIVE HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN MATURE DUROC, MEISHAN, FENGJING, AND MINZHU BOARS SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT; HOLSTEIN BULLS; INHIBIN-ALPHA; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; PLASMA; SWINE; SERUM; ESTRADIOL-17-BETA; TESTOSTERONE; CAPACITY AB Chinese breeds of swine are known for their reproductive prolificacy and are noted for large litter size. The current investigation evaluated reproductive components of three breeds of Chinese boars in comparison to a contemporary sire breed common in the U.S. Semen from postpubertal Duroc, Meishan, Fengjing, and Minzhu boars was collected during four seasons of the year. After each semen collection and evaluation period, boars were weighed and placed in a restraining chute for testicular measurements and blood sampling for measurement of FSH, testosterone, and inhibin. Although Duroc boars were 2 mo younger than Chinese boars, initial and final body weight and paired testis volume in Durocs were greater (p < 0.05) than in Chinese boars. Total spermatozoa per ejaculate was similar for Duroc and Minzhu boars, but was lower (p < 0.05) in Fengjing and Meishan boars. Progressive motility and sperm morphological characteristics were not affected by breed of boar. Serum FSH concentrations were markedly higher (p < 0.01) in Meishan and Fengjing boars than in other breeds, and concentrations were nearly 8-fold higher in Meishan than in Duroc boars. Breed differences in serum inhibin were essentially the inverse of those observed for FSH, with Durocs exhibiting the highest inhibin concentrations and Meishans exhibiting the lowest. Testosterone values were not different between breeds. However, testosterone concentrations fluctuated with season, and serum testosterone was highest during the fall of the year in all breeds. These results indicated that some reproductive characteristics differ dramatically between Duroc and Chinese breeds of boars. Breed differences existed in body size, testis size, sperm per ejaculate, ejaculate volume, and serum FSH and inhibin concentrations. However, similarities among breeds in sperm motility and morphology, and in testosterone concentrations indicated that some reproductive characteristics in boars have been conserved through thousands of years of selection. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,REPROD RES UNIT,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 47 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 49 IS 3 BP 515 EP 521 DI 10.1095/biolreprod49.3.515 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA MA652 UT WOS:A1993MA65200011 PM 8399844 ER PT J AU BATCHO, AD SERENO, JF HENNESSY, BM BAGGIOLINI, EG USKOKOVIC, MR HORST, RL AF BATCHO, AD SERENO, JF HENNESSY, BM BAGGIOLINI, EG USKOKOVIC, MR HORST, RL TI TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF 1-ALPHA,25,28-TRIHYDROXYERGOCALCIFEROL SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article AB A convergent total synthesis of 1alpha,25,28-trihydroxyergocalciferol (1), using an available A ring synthon and a CD synthon which was prepared via a thermodynamically controlled dipolar cycloaddition of methyl 3,3-dimethylacrylate and a C-23 nitrone followed by subsequent removal of the nitrogen function, is described. C1 NATL ANIM DIS CTR,USDA,AMES,IA 50010. RP BATCHO, AD (reprint author), HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC,ROCHE RES CTR,NUTLEY,NJ 07110, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 3 IS 9 BP 1821 EP 1824 DI 10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80112-2 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA MB522 UT WOS:A1993MB52200009 ER PT J AU GOFF, JP HORST, RL USKOKOVIC, M AF GOFF, JP HORST, RL USKOKOVIC, M TI 1,25,28-TRIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D2 UP-REGULATES RENAL VITAMIN-D RECEPTOR WITHOUT CAUSING HYPERCALCEMIA SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OSTEO-SARCOMA CELLS; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3 RECEPTOR; CALCIUM; INVIVO AB Treatment of rats with 1,25,28-trihydroxyvitamin D2 caused significant up-regulation in kidney vitamin D receptor in the absence of hypercalcemia. This result suggests that this relatively non-calcemic analogue (and possibly other analogues) of vitamin D may be used in stimulating vitamin D-regulated genetic events not associated with stimulation of active calcium transport in vivo. C1 HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC,NUTLEY,NJ 07110. RP GOFF, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METABOL DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 3 IS 9 BP 1825 EP 1828 DI 10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80113-4 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA MB522 UT WOS:A1993MB52200010 ER PT J AU CLARK, JW REDDY, GS SANTOSMOORE, A WANKADIYA, KF REDDY, GP EIL, C LASKY, S TSERNG, KY HORST, RL USKOKOVIC, MR AF CLARK, JW REDDY, GS SANTOSMOORE, A WANKADIYA, KF REDDY, GP EIL, C LASKY, S TSERNG, KY HORST, RL USKOKOVIC, MR TI METABOLISM AND BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY OF 1,25(OH)2D2 AND ITS METABOLITES IN A CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA-CELL LINE, RWLEU-4 SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; VITAMIN-D ANALOGS; HL-60 CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA; DIFFERENTIATION; 1-ALPHA,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; GROWTH; DERIVATIVES; EXPRESSION AB We previously described the metabolism of 1,25(OH)2D2 into various side chain hydroxylated metabolites formed as a result of C-24, C-26 and C-28 hydroxylations in rat kidney24. We now demonstrate C-24 hydroxylation of 1,25(OH)2D2 in human leukemic cells and also present evidence to show that C-24 and C-26 hydroxylations either alone or in combination do not significantly alter the effect of 1,25(OH)2D2 on these cells, while C-28 hydroxylation reduces its activity. C1 BROWN UNIV,WOMEN & INFANTS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908. VET ADM MED CTR,MED RES SERV,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT NUTR & MED,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. USDA ARS,NADC,METABOL DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. HOFFMANN LA ROCHE INC,NUTLEY,NJ 07110. RP CLARK, JW (reprint author), BROWN UNIV,ROGER WILLIAMS MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT MED,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908, USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 3 IS 9 BP 1873 EP 1878 DI 10.1016/S0960-894X(00)80123-7 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA MB522 UT WOS:A1993MB52200020 ER PT J AU STEFFERUD, JA AF STEFFERUD, JA TI SPAWNING SEASON AND MICROHABITAT USE BY CALIFORNIA GOLDEN TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS-AGUABONITA) IN THE SOUTHERN SIERRA-NEVADA SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article AB Spawning of California golden trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita) was observed during May and June 1981, in Cottonwood and Mulkey creeks in the southern Sierra Nevada, California. Spawning began when daily water temperatures consistently exceeded 10-degrees-C, and was most intense between 1300 and 1600 h when water temperature was 16 to 18-degrees-C. Apparent election of redd site was based on water velocity and size of substrate, but not on water depth or distance to cover. Water velocity over redds was between 25 and 77 cm/s (mean 49 cm/s), and substrate in redds was gravel 2.0 to 19 mm in diameter. Golden trout constructed redds in water 4 to 24 cm deep. Redds averaged 0.22 m2 in surface area, and were within one-fourth of the stream width from the stream bank. Distance to cover from a redd often exceeded 15 m. RP STEFFERUD, JA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,TONTO NATL FOREST,2324 E MCDOWELL RD,PHOENIX,AZ 85012, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD FAL PY 1993 VL 79 IS 4 BP 133 EP 144 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA PD133 UT WOS:A1993PD13300001 ER PT J AU FERRELL, GT OTROSINA, WJ DEMARS, CJ AF FERRELL, GT OTROSINA, WJ DEMARS, CJ TI ASSESSING THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF WHITE FIR TO THE FIR ENGRAVER, SCOLYTUS-VENTRALIS LEC (COLEOPTERA, SCOLYTIDAE), USING FUNGAL INOCULATION SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID HOST-RESISTANCE; PINE-BEETLE; MONOTERPENES AB A method of assessing susceptibility of white fir, Abies concolor (Gord, and Glend.) Lindl., by fungal inoculation was tested during an outbreak of the fir engraver beetle. Scolytus ventralis LeC., at Lake Tahoe, California, in 1987 through 1989. A total of 592 firs growing in six forest stands containing trees infested by the beetle were inoculated with the mutualistic fungus, Trichosporium symbioticum Wright. Six weeks later, reaction wounds were characterized by vertical length and resin concentration. After 2 years, 196 (33. 1 %) of the test firs had been killed by the beetle. Reaction lengths tended to be greater and resin concentrations lower in test firs that died than in those that survived, but predictive accuracy of the wound variables was inadequate on either an individual tree or a stand basis. On an individual tree basis. discriminant functions using either or both of these reaction wound variables as predictors produced overall percentages of correct classification little higher than would be obtained by predicting that all test firs would survive. On a stand basis, regression models using stand means for the wound variables and white fir basal area as predictors statistically explained more than 95% of observed variation in basal area of white fir killed, but another model using only basal area of white fir as a predictor performed nearly as well. RP FERRELL, GT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,ALBANY,CA 94701, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 125 IS 5 BP 895 EP 901 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MH368 UT WOS:A1993MH36800011 ER PT J AU PESCHKEN, DP GAGNE, RJ SAWCHYN, KC AF PESCHKEN, DP GAGNE, RJ SAWCHYN, KC TI 1ST RECORD OF THE DANDELION LEAF-GALL MIDGE, CYSTIPHORA-TARAXACI (KIEFFER, 1888) (DIPTERA, CECIDOMYIIDAE), IN NORTH-AMERICA SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGY AB The discovery of the European dandelion leaf-gall midge, Cystiphora taraxaci (Kieffer, 1888) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), in north-central Saskatchewan, Canada, on dandelion, Taraxacum officinale Weber (Asteraceae), is reported. This is the first record of this insect in North America. Cystiphora taraxaci is similar to Cystiphora canadensis Felt which produces galls on rattlesnake-root, Prenanthes spp., and is known only from females. Separation of the two species was achieved by demonstrating that C. taraxaci produced galls on dandelion but not on Prenanthes spp. The identity of C. taraxaci was confirmed by comparison of specimens collected in Saskatchewan with those in Europe. In Saskatchewan, C. taraxaci occurs over at least 12 000 km2 and is parasitized by Aprostocetus sp. near atticus Graham and Crysonotomyia spp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). C1 USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,SYSTEMAT ENTOMOL LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP PESCHKEN, DP (reprint author), AGR CANADA,RES STN,BOX 440,REGINA S4P 3A2,SK,CANADA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA ON K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 125 IS 5 BP 913 EP 918 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA MH368 UT WOS:A1993MH36800013 ER PT J AU CHAMBERLIN, MA HORNER, HT PALMER, RG AF CHAMBERLIN, MA HORNER, HT PALMER, RG TI NUTRITION OF OVULE, EMBRYO SAC, AND YOUNG EMBRYO IN SOYBEAN - AN ANATOMICAL AND AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE AUTORADIOGRAPHY; EMBRYO SAC; GLYCINE; NUTRITION; OVULE ID PISUM-SATIVUM; GLYCINE-MAX; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; PHOTOSYNTHATE; FERTILIZATION; SUSPENSOR; CELLS AB Photosynthesizing soybean plants were exposed to (CO2)-C-14 to study the incorporation of labeled water-insoluble photosynthates in ovules at various developmental stages. Using autoradiographic techniques on sectioned material, we show that the distribution of labeled carbon in different ovular tissues is regulated spatially and temporally. During zygote through globular stages of embryo development, labeled assimilates accumulate in integumentary tissue adjacent to the micropylar arid chalazal poles of the embryo sac. A chalazal vascular trace and two adfunicular vascular strands are the pathways for accumulation of C-14 in these regions. Up through the proembryo stage, movement of labeled photoassimilates into the lateral regions of the embryo sac seems blocked by a cuticle-like layer between the endothelium and embryo sac. At the globular embryo stage, the greatest accumulation of label is still at the chalazal and the micropylar ends of the embryo sac, but fragmentation of the cuticle-like barrier coincident with cellularization of endosperm allows channeling of labeled carbon from adjacent integumentary tissue into the embryo sac as well. Autoradiographic evidence for carbon flow into the embryo sac can be correlated with ultrastructural and morphological changes in time in ovular and endosperm tissues enclosing the embryo. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,BESSEY MICROSCOPY FACIL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FCR,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,USDA ARS,FCR,DEPT ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011. RP CHAMBERLIN, MA (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT BOT,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 30 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 71 IS 9 BP 1153 EP 1168 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ME710 UT WOS:A1993ME71000004 ER PT J AU ALBAN, DH PASTOR, J AF ALBAN, DH PASTOR, J TI DECOMPOSITION OF ASPEN, SPRUCE, AND PINE BOLES ON 2 SITES IN MINNESOTA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LITTER DECOMPOSITION; NITROGEN-FIXATION; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; WOODY DEBRIS; FOREST; ECOSYSTEMS; FIR; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS; LIGNIN AB Boles of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) were sampled after decomposing for 11-17 years. Mass loss and changes in chemical composition were determined. Density decreased by 40-73%, and the decomposition constant (k) decreased in the order aspen > spruce > red pine > jack pine. Although the decomposition rate was strongly species dependent, it did not differ between the two sites. The decomposition constant was weakly related to lignin and phosphorus concentration in the original stems (r2 = 0.44 and 0.49, respectively) and not significantly related to original nitrogen concentrations. Nutrient concentration increased during decomposition, particularly for nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen content increased during decomposition, and potassium content decreased. Calcium and magnesium content changed little during decomposition, whereas phosphorus content increased or decreased, depending on species. In general, species with the lowest initial nutrient contents had the greatest nutrient increases during decomposition. Nutrient content of boles of all species became similar during decomposition. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,NAT RESOURCES RES INST,DULUTH,MN 55811. RP ALBAN, DH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744, USA. RI Pastor, John/F-6241-2011 NR 31 TC 103 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1744 EP 1749 DI 10.1139/x93-220 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ME342 UT WOS:A1993ME34200002 ER PT J AU PETERSON, DL ARBAUGH, MJ ROBINSON, LJ AF PETERSON, DL ARBAUGH, MJ ROBINSON, LJ TI EFFECTS OF OZONE AND CLIMATE ON PONDEROSA PINE (PINUS-PONDEROSA) GROWTH IN THE COLORADO ROCKY-MOUNTAINS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID RED SPRUCE; RADIAL GROWTH; AIR-POLLUTION; WHITE OAK; DECLINE; TREE; FORESTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SENSITIVITY; COMPETITION AB Long-term radial growth trends of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum) were studied in second-growth stands in the Front Range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains to determine if there has been any impact from oxidant air pollution. Although ozone concentrations are relatively high at some locations, visible pollutant injury was not found in any trees. Time series of basal area increments are generally homogeneous within stands. Concurrent periods of increasing and decreasing growth can be found in stands throughout the Front Range, which indicates that there are temporal growth trends at the regional level. Most of these trends appear to be related to the effects of stand dynamics and climate. Correlation analysis with climatic variables indicates that soil moisture supply is the dominant factor controlling interannual variation of basal area growth. Palmer hydrological drought index is highly correlated (positively) with growth during the summer months; total precipitation in spring is positively correlated with growth, and mean temperature in spring is negatively correlated with growth. There are no recent changes in growth trends that might be associated with elevated levels of ambient ozone in the Front Range. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,RIVERSIDE,CA 92507. RP PETERSON, DL (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,NATL PK SERV,COOPERAT PK STUDIES UNIT,AR-10,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1750 EP 1759 DI 10.1139/x93-221 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ME342 UT WOS:A1993ME34200003 ER PT J AU TAPPEINER, JC ZASADA, JC AF TAPPEINER, JC ZASADA, JC TI ESTABLISHMENT OF SALMONBERRY, SALAL, VINE MAPLE, AND BIGLEAF MAPLE SEEDLINGS IN THE COASTAL FORESTS OF OREGON SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID TSUGA-HETEROPHYLLA; WESTERN HEMLOCK; COVER AB To identify seedling regeneration niches for four coastal Oregon shrub and hardwood species (salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis Pursh), salal (Gaultheria shallon Pursh), vine maple (Acer circinatum Pursh), and bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum Pursh)) we studied the seed predation, emergence, survival, and growth of these species on disturbed and undisturbed soil in thinned, unthinned, and clear-cut conifer stands on two sites in the Oregon Coast Ranges. For all species, seedling emergence and survival were greater in thinned stands than in clearcuts or unthinned stands. In addition, emergence of salmonberry and salal was greater on mineral soil than on soil in which the organic layers were intact. After four years, height of salmonberry was greatest in the clearcuts, where it averaged 23 cm. Bigleaf maple and vine maple, which were heavily browsed in the clearcuts, reached their greatest height in the thinned stands, averaging 16 and 15 cm, respectively. Salal seedlings survived only in thinned stands and grew slowly, reaching a height of only 4-5 cm in 4 years. Seedling emergence and predation both were related to seed size. On both disturbed and undisturbed soil, vine and bigleaf maple, the species with the largest seeds, had the highest rates of emergence but also the highest rates of seed predation among the four species. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP TAPPEINER, JC (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,BUR LAND MANAGEMENT,COOPERAT RES UNIT,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 28 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1775 EP 1780 DI 10.1139/x93-224 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ME342 UT WOS:A1993ME34200006 ER PT J AU STONE, DM AF STONE, DM TI CURLY NEEDLE SYNDROME OF LOBLOLLY-PINE SEEDLINGS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Curly shaped needles developed on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings grown in lysimeters in two greenhouse studies. Nearly 80% of the seedlings from five half-sib families developed curly needles when watered weekly with one of four acid rain solutions. No abnormal needles developed on seedlings from the same seed lots growing on an adjacent bench and watered daily. In a second study, curly needles developed within 2 weeks after seedlings were transplanted into the lysimeters. Weekly misting of the foliage significantly reduced the proportion of fascicles with curly needles. Results indicate that curly needle syndrome is induced by water stress during needle elongation and suggest that wetting the foliage decreases the strength of the fascicle sheaths. RP STONE, DM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,1831 HIGHWAY 169 E,GRAND RAPIDS,MN 55744, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1810 EP 1814 DI 10.1139/x93-229 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ME342 UT WOS:A1993ME34200011 ER PT J AU VANDEUSEN, PC BALDWIN, VC AF VANDEUSEN, PC BALDWIN, VC TI SAMPLING AND PREDICTING TREE DRY-WEIGHT SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL HEIGHT; VOLUME AB Procedures and formulae are given for modeling and sampling ovendry weight of a tree bole. The models are derived from first principles, and importance sampling ideas are used to develop methods for sampling individual trees to obtain unbiased estimates of dry weight. These methods would be particularly useful for providing sample estimates of the dry weight of a stand of trees. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,PINEVILLE,LA 71360. RP VANDEUSEN, PC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1826 EP 1829 DI 10.1139/x93-232 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ME342 UT WOS:A1993ME34200014 ER PT J AU PAUL, AD FOSTER, GS LESTER, DT AF PAUL, AD FOSTER, GS LESTER, DT TI FIELD PERFORMANCE, C-EFFECTS, AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO INITIAL ROOTING ABILITY FOR WESTERN HEMLOCK CLONES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Note ID EASTERN WHITE-PINE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; ROOTED CUTTINGS; GROWTH; SELECTION; PARAMETERS; SEEDLINGS; TRENDS; VOLUME; AGE AB Rooted cuttings from 30 clones of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) were established in a field trial in northwest Oregon. A secondary cloning approach was used to partition C effects variance from genetic variance. Clonal variance in total height was significant at 1(HT1) and 5(HT5) years and represented 9.2% and 10.6% of the total variance at the two ages, respectively. C effects variance (among primary ramets within clones) was nonsignificant and represented 2.4% and 0% of the total variance at the two ages, respectively. Broad-sense heritabilities of HT1 and HT5 were relatively low, being 0.10 and 0.13, respectively. When calculated on a clone-mean basis, the broad-sense heritabilities increased substantially, reaching 0.53 and 0.61 for HT1 and HT5, respectively. Phenotypic correlations paired between the rooting traits and either HT1 or HT5 were low and not significant. Genetic correlations were 0.42 and 0.29 between an indirect measure of initial root system volume (VOL) and HT1 or HT5, respectively. The genetic correlations between rooting ability and HT1 or HT5 were 0.61 and 0.69, respectively. No genetic correlation existed between length of the longest initial root and field height. Environmental correlations between initial rooting traits and field height were essentially zero. Of the three initial rooting traits tested via regression analysis, VOL served as the only significant predictor or either HT1 or HT5, although the R2 values were less than 0.03, hence, the regression equations were of no practical value. Based on these results, clonal selection of western hemlock for increased early height growth should be aided by indirect selection for clonal rooting ability via a multiple trait selection. C1 ALABAMA A&M UNIV,US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35762. ALABAMA A&M UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35762. GENET RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CONSULTING,VANCOUVER V6S 1M9,BC,CANADA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 23 IS 9 BP 1947 EP 1952 DI 10.1139/x93-246 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ME342 UT WOS:A1993ME34200028 ER PT J AU SINHA, R PATTERSON, BH MANGELS, AR LEVANDER, OA GIBSON, T TAYLOR, PR BLOCK, G AF SINHA, R PATTERSON, BH MANGELS, AR LEVANDER, OA GIBSON, T TAYLOR, PR BLOCK, G TI DETERMINANTS OF PLASMA VITAMIN-E IN HEALTHY-MALES SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; BETA-CAROTENE; INTERVIEW SURVEY; A-I; LIPOPROTEINS; SERUM; QUESTIONNAIRE; TRANSPORT; DIETARY AB Vitamin E or tocopherol, a known antioxidant, may play a role in the etiology of chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease. This study examined both ''internal'' (lipids, lipoproteins, and apoproteins) and ''external'' (dietary components, physical activity, and body mass index) factors which may influence plasma alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol levels. Analyses were done using dietary questionnaires and plasma obtained from 65 nonsmoking male volunteers aged 30-59 years. Forty-six men did not take any supplements while 19 took supplements containing vitamin E. A positive correlation (r = 0.32; P < 0.01) between vitamin E intake and alpha-tocopherol status [(ratio of plasma alpha- or gamma-tocopherol/(total triglycerides + total cholesterol)] and a negative correlation (r = -0.33; P < 0.007) between intake and gamma-tocopherol status were observed. The main internal factors, or determinants, for plasma alpha-tocopherol for nonsupplement users were plasma triglycerides and apoproteins, apoA1 and apoB, but neither lipids nor apoproteins appeared to affect tocopherol levels in supplement users. External determinants of alpha-tocopherol status in nonsupplement users were vitamin E intake, total fat intake, and body mass index, while in supplement users only vitamin E intake was important. Both vitamin E intake and alcohol intake appeared to affect plasma gamma-tocopherol status in a negative manner. C1 USDA, BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. INFORMAT MANAGEMENT SERV INC, SILVER SPRING, MD 20906 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT PUBL HLTH, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP NCI, DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL, EPN RM 443, 9000 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RI Block, Gladys/E-3304-2010; Sinha, Rashmi/G-7446-2015 OI Sinha, Rashmi/0000-0002-2466-7462 NR 47 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 EI 1538-7755 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 2 IS 5 BP 473 EP 479 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LX261 UT WOS:A1993LX26100012 PM 8220093 ER EF