v.rast.stats(1)

NAME
v.rast.stats - Calculates univariate statistics from a raster map based on a vector map and uploads statistics to new attribute columns.

KEYWORDS
vector, statistics, raster, univariate statistics, zonal statistics, sampling, querying

SYNOPSIS
v.rast.stats
v.rast.stats --help
v.rast.stats [-cd] map=name [layer=string] [type=string[,string,...]] [where=sql_query] raster=name[,name,...] column_prefix=string[,string,...] [method=string[,string,...]] [percentile=integer] [--help] [--verbose] [--quiet] [--ui]

  Flags:

-c
    Continue if upload column(s) already exist

-d
    Create densified lines (default: thin lines)
    All cells touched by the line will be set, not only those on the render path

--help
    Print usage summary

--verbose
    Verbose module output

--quiet
    Quiet module output

--ui
    Force launching GUI dialog

  Parameters:

map=name [required]
    Name of vector map
    Or data source for direct OGR access

layer=string
    Layer number or name
    Vector features can have category values in different layers. This number determines which layer to use. When used with direct OGR access this is the layer name.
    Default: 1

type=string[,string,...]
    Input feature type
    Options: point, line, boundary, centroid, area
    Default: point,line,boundary,centroid,area

where=sql_query
    WHERE conditions of SQL statement without ’where’ keyword
    Example: income < 1000 and population >= 10000

raster=name[,name,...] [required]
    Name of input raster map to calculate statistics from

column_prefix=string[,string,...] [required]
    Column prefix for new attribute columns

method=string[,string,...]
    The methods to use
    Options: number, null_cells, minimum, maximum, range, average, stddev, variance, coeff_var, sum, first_quartile, median, third_quartile, percentile
    Default: number,null_cells,minimum,maximum,range,average,stddev,variance,coeff_var,sum,first_quartile,median,third_quartile,percentile

percentile=integer
    Percentile to calculate
    Options: 0-100
    Default: 90

DESCRIPTION
v.rast.stats calculates basic univariate statistics from a raster map only for the parts covered by the specified vector map. The vector map will be rasterized according to the raster map resolution. Then univariate statistics are calculated per vector category (cat) from the raster map and the results uploaded to the vector map attribute table. A new column is generated in the attribute table for each statistic requested in method (if not already present).

The univariate statistics include the number of raster cells counted, the number of raster NULL cells counted, minimum and maximum cell values, range, average, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation, sum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and percentile.

NOTES
v.rast.stats is only meaningful for lines or polygons.

The module may take a long time to run if the raster region contains a large number of cells. In this case the --verbose flag may be used to track progress.

The script stops if a (prefixed) upload column is already present in the vector map attribute table, unless otherwise instructed with the -c continue flag. The column prefix will be separated from the statistic name with an underscore. For example with a prefix of "elev" the sum column will be named elev_sum.

If a DBF database is being used, note that column names are restricted by the DBF specification to 10 characters. Therefore it is advised to be economical in the use of the column prefix when using DBF as any additional characters will be chopped off.

The script internally aligns the raster grid cells to the grid of the first input raster map.

If an area has several categories in the selected layer (equivalent to overlapping polygons in Simple Features), only one category will be kept during the rasterization process. Statistics for the skipped categories will thus be partial.

For example, if there are three areas: area 1 with cat 1, area 2 with cat 2, area 3 with cats 1, 2. Only one category value of area 3 will be used for rasterization, the other category value will be skipped. Thus statistics for the used category value will be complete, while statistics for the skipped category value will be incomplete.

Large amounts of system memory can be used when extended statistics (first_quartile,median,third_quartile,percentile ) are being requested with a very large region setting. If the region is too large the module should display memory allocation errors. Basic statistics can be calculated using any size input region.

EXAMPLES
Example to upload DEM statistics to ZIP codes vector map (North Carolina sample dataset):

g.copy vect=zipcodes_wake,myzipcodes_wake
# set computational region to DEM:
g.region raster=elevation -p
# calculate selected DEM statistics, upload to vector map table:
v.rast.stats myzipcodes_wake raster=elevation \
  column_prefix=elev method=minimum,maximum,average,range,stddev,percentile \
  percentile=95
# verify results:
v.info -c myzipcodes_wake
v.db.select myzipcodes_wake
v.univar myzipcodes_wake column=elev_range type=centroid

SEE ALSO
r.univar, v.univar, v.vect.stats, v.what.rast, v.what.rast3, v.what.vect

AUTHOR
Markus Neteler, CEA (for the EDEN EU/FP6 Project)

SOURCE CODE

Available at: v.rast.stats source code (history)

Latest change: Thursday Aug 21 13:31:24 2025 in commit: 5626d00f2e1911bc29cd35b3ee853a72e5ab523c

Main index | Vector index | Topics index | Keywords index | Graphical index | Full index

© 2003-2026 GRASS Development Team, GRASS 8.5.1dev Reference Manual