greek-inputenc
##############
Greek input encoding definition files
*************************************

:Version:   1.9 (changelog_)
:Author:    Apostolos Syropoulos, Dimitrios Filippou, Günter Milde
:Copyright: © 1999 Dimitrios Filippou,
            © 2000 Apostolos Syropoulos,
            © 2013, 2023 Günter Milde <milde@users.sf.net>
:Licence:   This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
            conditions of the `LaTeX Project Public License`_, either
            version 1.3 of this license or any later version.
:Homepage:  https://codeberg.org/milde/greek-tex
:Latest Release: https://ctan.org/pkg/greek-inputenc
:Abstract:  This package provides input encoding definition
            files for the `Greek script`_.

.. contents::


Files
=====

Input encoding definitions:

`<lgrenc.dfu>`_: `Greek UTF-8 support with inputenc <lgrenc.dfu.html>`_
  Input encoding file for UTF-8 comprising Greek letters and other
  symbols present in the LGR encoding.

`<iso-8859-7.def>`_
  Greek input encoding file for `ISO 8859-7`_ by Apostolos Syropoulos.

`<macgreek.def>`_
  Greek input encoding file for Macintosh (ELOT 823) by Dimitrios Filippou.

  This file translates to a Latin transliteration particular to the LGR
  font encoding. Drawbacks include: Latin characters in PDF strings
  (hyperref_ bookmarks and TOC sidebar, cf. `Greek and hyperref`__), no
  kerning between accented characters.

Test examples and output:

`<greek-utf8.tex>`_
  `<greek-utf8.pdf>`_ (comprehensive example)
`<inputenc-iso-8859-7.tex>`_
  `<inputenc-iso-8859-7.pdf>`_ (basic test)

__ https://mirrors.ctan.org/language/greek/greek-fontenc/hyperref-with-greek.pdf

HTML documentation is generated from the literate sources with PyLit_
and from reStructuredText_ with Docutils_.


Installation
============

If possible, get this package from your distribution using its installation
manager.

Otherwise, make sure LaTeX can find the files ending in ``.def`` and
``.dfu``:

* Download and unpack the package or just the required file(s).

* Copy, move, or link the files to a suitable place in the `TeX Directory
  Structure` (TDS_) and run ``texhash``, or place them in the current
  working directory (e.g. for testing).

Usage
=====

The April 2018 LaTeX release changed the default encoding for 8-bit LaTeX
from 7-bit ASCII to UTF-8.  Hence, the ``\usepackage[<encoding>]{inputenc}``
command is only required with the legacy 8-bit encodings. [ltnews28]_

However, literal Unicode characters are only set up, if they are
supported by a declared font encoding. This package works with the LGR
font encoding (requires greek-fontenc_). Specify the LGR font encoding
with any combination of fontenc_, the "greek" option for Babel_, or the
textalpha_ or alphabeta_ packages, e.g. ::

     \usepackage[LGR,T1]{fontenc}

or ::

     \usepackage{textalpha}
     \usepackage[greek,english]{babel}

See `<greek-utf8.tex>`_ for an example.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

By default, text containing Greek Unicode characters must be marked up
with a command that selects a font encoding supporting the Greek script,
e.g. by setting the Babel_ language to ``greek`` or ``polutonikogreek`` ::

    Athens (Greek: \foreignlanguage{greek}{Αθήνα};
            Ancient Greek: \foreignlanguage{greek}{Ἀθῆναι})
    is the capital of Greece.

This is a generic feature of 8-bit LaTeX -- an equivalent restriction
holds for the Cyrillic script.

With the textalpha_ or alphabeta_ packages (provided as part of
greek-fontenc_), Greek Unicode literals can be used without special
markup also in non-Greek documents (with some limitations_).


Warning
-------

LGR is no "standard font encoding". Latin characters and some other ASCII
symbols are `mapped to Greek equivalents`__ if LGR is the active font encoding.

This means you need an explicit font-encoding switch for Latin words and
abbreviations in Greek text, e.g., not::

  \foreignlanguage{greek}{ηία αντίσταση 750 kΩ}

but ::

  \foreignlanguage{greek}{ηία αντίσταση 750 \ensureascii{k}Ω}

Special care is also required with the **question mark characters**:

* The Unicode standard says character ``003B SEMICOLON`` (and not 037E) is
  the preferred character for a *Greek question mark* (*erotimatiko*).
* The LGR font encoding maps the semicolon to a middle dot (; → ·),
  while the Latin question mark is mapped to the *erotimatiko* (? → ;).

Babel-greek_ provides the `"keep-semicolon" language attribute`_ and
the `textalpha` and `alphabeta` packages from greek-fontenc_
the `"keep-semicolon" option`_ to allow the use of the ASCII-semicolon
as *erotimatiko* (; → ;).

__ https://ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/babel-contrib/greek/
   babel-greek-doc.html#lgr-latin-transliteration


Changelog
=========

.. class:: borderless

===== =========== =============================================================
1.3   2013-05-17  New maintainer.
..                Unicode support with the standard "utf8" option.
1.4   2013-07-16  Bugfix for GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO WITH PSILI/DASIA.
..                Drop "greek" from macro names for ancient characters.
..                ``\ypogegrammeni`` and ``\prosgegrammeni`` instead of ``|``.
1.4.1 2013-07-18  Bugfix: wrong breathings psilioxia -> dasiaoxia.
1.5   2014-09-14  Use named accent macros for Greek accents.
..                Documentation update (warn of ``;``-conversion).
1.5.1 2015-06-04  Fix definition of spacing diacritical characters in utf8.dfu.
1.6   2015-08-05  Fix output of accented characters with "textalpha" if the
                  current font encoding is not LGR (wrap in \ensuregreek).
..                Map GREEK ... SYMBOL characters.
1.7   2019-07-11  Use LICR macros instead of transliteration and remove
                  ``\textbullet`` substitution character from iso-8859-7.def.
                  (Missing characters will now result in the standard
                  ``inputenc`` error message.)
1.8   2023-02-21  Add definition for capital koppa to ``lgrenc.dfu``.
..                Use ``\ypogegrammeni`` for mute iota also with capitals.
..                Use ``\textdexiakeraia`` and ``\textaristerikeraia`` for
                  the Greek numeral signs.
1.8.1 2023-02-23  Fix broken links in the documentation.
1.8.2 2023-03-02  Next try to fix links.
1.9   2023-03-21  Empty argument instead of space for "spacing accents".
..                Documentation update.
===== =========== =============================================================


References
==========

.. [ltnews28] LaTeX Project Team `LaTeX News 28`, April 2018.
   https://www.latex-project.org/news/latex2e-news/ltnews28.pdf

.. _ISO 8859-7: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7

.. _LaTeX Project Public License: https://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
.. _Greek script: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet
.. _PyLit: https://pypi.org/project/pylit/
.. _reStructuredText: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/rst.html
.. _Docutils: https://docutils.sourceforge.io
.. _TDS: https://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=tds

.. _babel: https://ctan.org/pkg/babel
.. _babel-greek: https://ctan.org/pkg/babel-greek
.. _fontenc:  https://ctan.org/pkg/fontenc
.. _greek-fontenc:  https://ctan.org/pkg/greek-fontenc
.. _hyperref: https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref
.. _ibycus-babel: https://ctan.org/pkg/ibycus-babel
.. _inputenc:  https://ctan.org/pkg/inputenc
.. _"keep-semicolon" language attribute:
    https://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/babel-contrib/greek/
    babel-greek.pdf#page=3
.. _alphabeta:
    https://mirrors.ctan.org/language/greek/greek-fontenc/alphabeta.sty.html
.. _textalpha:
    https://mirrors.ctan.org/language/greek/greek-fontenc/textalpha.sty.html
.. _"keep-semicolon" option:
    https://mirrors.ctan.org/language/greek/greek-fontenc/textalpha.sty.html
    #keep-semicolon
.. _limitations:
    https://mirrors.ctan.org/language/greek/greek-fontenc/textalpha.sty.html
    #limitations
