/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.phoenix.end2end;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

import java.sql.Array;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.TypeMismatchException;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.experimental.categories.Category;

@Category(ParallelStatsDisabledTest.class)
public class ArrayConcatFunctionIT extends ParallelStatsDisabledIT {

  private String initTables(Connection conn) throws Exception {
    String tableName = generateUniqueName();
    String ddl = "CREATE TABLE " + tableName
      + " (region_name VARCHAR PRIMARY KEY,varchars VARCHAR[],integers INTEGER[],doubles DOUBLE[],bigints BIGINT[],chars CHAR(15)[],double1 DOUBLE,char1 CHAR(17),nullcheck INTEGER,chars2 CHAR(15)[], nullvarchar VARCHAR[], nullbigint BIGINT[])";
    conn.createStatement().execute(ddl);
    String dml = "UPSERT INTO " + tableName
      + "(region_name,varchars,integers,doubles,bigints,chars,double1,char1,nullcheck,chars2) VALUES('SF Bay Area',"
      + "ARRAY['2345','46345','23234']," + "ARRAY[2345,46345,23234,456],"
      + "ARRAY[23.45,46.345,23.234,45.6,5.78]," + "ARRAY[12,34,56,78,910],"
      + "ARRAY['a','bbbb','c','ddd','e']," + "23.45," + "'wert'," + "NULL,"
      + "ARRAY['a','bbbb','c','ddd','e','foo']" + ")";
    PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(dml);
    stmt.execute();
    conn.commit();
    return tableName;
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionVarchar() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT ARRAY_CAT(varchars,varchars) FROM " + tableName
      + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    String[] strings = new String[] { "2345", "46345", "23234", "2345", "46345", "23234" };

    Array array = conn.createArrayOf("VARCHAR", strings);

    assertEquals(array, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testNullArrayConcat() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT ARRAY_CAT(nullvarchar,varchars) FROM "
      + tableName + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    String[] strings = new String[] { "2345", "46345", "23234" };

    Array array = conn.createArrayOf("VARCHAR", strings);

    assertEquals(array, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());

    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT ARRAY_CAT(varchars,nullvarchar) FROM "
      + tableName + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    assertTrue(rs.next());
    assertEquals(array, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionInteger() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT ARRAY_CAT(integers,integers) FROM " + tableName
      + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    Integer[] integers = new Integer[] { 2345, 46345, 23234, 456, 2345, 46345, 23234, 456 };

    Array array = conn.createArrayOf("INTEGER", integers);

    assertEquals(array, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionDouble() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery(
      "SELECT ARRAY_CAT(doubles,doubles) FROM " + tableName + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    Double[] doubles =
      new Double[] { 23.45, 46.345, 23.234, 45.6, 5.78, 23.45, 46.345, 23.234, 45.6, 5.78 };

    Array array = conn.createArrayOf("DOUBLE", doubles);

    assertEquals(array, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionDouble2() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT ARRAY_CAT(doubles,ARRAY[23]) FROM " + tableName
      + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    Double[] doubles = new Double[] { 23.45, 46.345, 23.234, 45.6, 5.78, new Double(23) };

    Array array = conn.createArrayOf("DOUBLE", doubles);

    assertEquals(array, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionBigint() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);
    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery(
      "SELECT ARRAY_CAT(bigints,bigints) FROM " + tableName + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    Long[] longs = new Long[] { 12l, 34l, 56l, 78l, 910l, 12l, 34l, 56l, 78l, 910l };

    Array array = conn.createArrayOf("BIGINT", longs);

    assertEquals(array, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionChar() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);
    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery(
      "SELECT ARRAY_CAT(chars,chars) FROM " + tableName + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    String[] strings = new String[] { "a", "bbbb", "c", "ddd", "e", "a", "bbbb", "c", "ddd", "e" };

    Array array = conn.createArrayOf("CHAR", strings);

    assertEquals(array, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionChar3() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);
    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery(
      "SELECT ARRAY_CAT(chars,chars2) FROM " + tableName + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    String[] strings =
      new String[] { "a", "bbbb", "c", "ddd", "e", "a", "bbbb", "c", "ddd", "e", "foo" };

    Array array = conn.createArrayOf("CHAR", strings);

    assertEquals(array, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test(expected = TypeMismatchException.class)
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionIntToCharArray() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT ARRAY_CAT(varchars,ARRAY[23,45]) FROM "
      + tableName + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
  }

  @Test(expected = TypeMismatchException.class)
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionVarcharToIntegerArray() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT ARRAY_CAT(integers,ARRAY['a', 'b']) FROM "
      + tableName + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");

  }

  @Test(expected = SQLException.class)
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionChar2() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);
    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery(
      "SELECT ARRAY_CAT(chars,ARRAY['facfacfacfacfacfacfac','facfacfacfacfacfacfac']) FROM "
        + tableName + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    rs.next();
    rs.getArray(1);
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionIntegerArrayToDoubleArray() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT ARRAY_CAT(doubles,ARRAY[45, 55]) FROM "
      + tableName + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    Double[] doubles = new Double[] { 23.45, 46.345, 23.234, 45.6, 5.78, 45.0, 55.0 };

    Array array = conn.createArrayOf("DOUBLE", doubles);

    assertEquals(array, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionWithNestedFunctions1() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement()
      .executeQuery("SELECT ARRAY_CAT(ARRAY[23,45],ARRAY[integers[1],integers[1]]) FROM "
        + tableName + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    Integer[] integers = new Integer[] { 23, 45, 2345, 2345 };

    Array array = conn.createArrayOf("INTEGER", integers);

    assertEquals(array, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionWithNestedFunctions2() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery(
      "SELECT ARRAY_CAT(integers,ARRAY[ARRAY_ELEM(ARRAY[2,4],1),ARRAY_ELEM(ARRAY[2,4],2)]) FROM "
        + tableName + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    Integer[] integers = new Integer[] { 2345, 46345, 23234, 456, 2, 4 };

    Array array = conn.createArrayOf("INTEGER", integers);

    assertEquals(array, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionWithNestedFunctions3() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery(
      "SELECT ARRAY_CAT(doubles,ARRAY[ARRAY_ELEM(doubles, 1), ARRAY_ELEM(doubles, 1)]) FROM "
        + tableName + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    Double[] doubles = new Double[] { 23.45, 46.345, 23.234, 45.6, 5.78, 23.45, 23.45 };

    Array array = conn.createArrayOf("DOUBLE", doubles);

    assertEquals(array, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionWithUpsert1() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = generateUniqueName();

    String ddl =
      "CREATE TABLE " + tableName + " (region_name VARCHAR PRIMARY KEY,varchars VARCHAR[])";
    conn.createStatement().execute(ddl);

    String dml = "UPSERT INTO " + tableName
      + "(region_name,varchars) VALUES('SF Bay Area',ARRAY_CAT(ARRAY['hello','world'],ARRAY[':-)']))";
    conn.createStatement().execute(dml);
    conn.commit();

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement()
      .executeQuery("SELECT varchars FROM " + tableName + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    String[] strings = new String[] { "hello", "world", ":-)" };

    Array array = conn.createArrayOf("VARCHAR", strings);

    assertEquals(array, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionWithUpsert2() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = generateUniqueName();

    String ddl =
      "CREATE TABLE " + tableName + " (region_name VARCHAR PRIMARY KEY,integers INTEGER[])";
    conn.createStatement().execute(ddl);

    String dml = "UPSERT INTO " + tableName
      + "(region_name,integers) VALUES('SF Bay Area',ARRAY_CAT(ARRAY[4,5],ARRAY[6, 7]))";
    conn.createStatement().execute(dml);
    conn.commit();

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement()
      .executeQuery("SELECT integers FROM " + tableName + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    Integer[] integers = new Integer[] { 4, 5, 6, 7 };

    Array array = conn.createArrayOf("INTEGER", integers);

    assertEquals(array, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionWithUpsert3() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = generateUniqueName();

    String ddl =
      "CREATE TABLE " + tableName + " (region_name VARCHAR PRIMARY KEY,doubles DOUBLE[])";
    conn.createStatement().execute(ddl);

    String dml = "UPSERT INTO " + tableName
      + "(region_name,doubles) VALUES('SF Bay Area',ARRAY_CAT(ARRAY[5.67,7.87],ARRAY[9.0, 8.0]))";
    conn.createStatement().execute(dml);
    conn.commit();

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement()
      .executeQuery("SELECT doubles FROM " + tableName + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    Double[] doubles = new Double[] { 5.67, 7.87, new Double(9), new Double(8) };

    Array array = conn.createArrayOf("DOUBLE", doubles);

    assertEquals(array, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionWithUpsertSelect1() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());

    String sourceTableName = generateUniqueName();
    String targetTableName = generateUniqueName();
    String ddl =
      "CREATE TABLE " + sourceTableName + " (region_name VARCHAR PRIMARY KEY,doubles DOUBLE[])";
    conn.createStatement().execute(ddl);

    ddl = "CREATE TABLE " + targetTableName + " (region_name VARCHAR PRIMARY KEY,doubles DOUBLE[])";
    conn.createStatement().execute(ddl);

    String dml = "UPSERT INTO " + sourceTableName
      + "(region_name,doubles) VALUES('SF Bay Area',ARRAY_CAT(ARRAY[5.67,7.87],ARRAY[9.0, 4.0]))";
    conn.createStatement().execute(dml);

    dml = "UPSERT INTO " + sourceTableName
      + "(region_name,doubles) VALUES('SF Bay Area2',ARRAY_CAT(ARRAY[56.7,7.87],ARRAY[9.2, 3.4]))";
    conn.createStatement().execute(dml);
    conn.commit();

    dml = "UPSERT INTO " + targetTableName
      + "(region_name, doubles) SELECT region_name, ARRAY_CAT(doubles,doubles) FROM "
      + sourceTableName;
    conn.createStatement().execute(dml);
    conn.commit();

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT doubles FROM " + targetTableName);
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    Double[] doubles = new Double[] { 5.67, 7.87, new Double(9), new Double(4), 5.67, 7.87,
      new Double(9), new Double(4) };
    Array array = conn.createArrayOf("DOUBLE", doubles);

    assertEquals(array, rs.getArray(1));
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    doubles = new Double[] { 56.7, 7.87, new Double(9.2), new Double(3.4), 56.7, 7.87,
      new Double(9.2), new Double(3.4) };
    array = conn.createArrayOf("DOUBLE", doubles);

    assertEquals(array, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionWithUpsertSelect2() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String sourceTableName = generateUniqueName();
    String targetTableName = generateUniqueName();
    String ddl =
      "CREATE TABLE " + sourceTableName + " (region_name VARCHAR PRIMARY KEY,varchars VARCHAR[])";
    conn.createStatement().execute(ddl);

    ddl =
      "CREATE TABLE " + targetTableName + " (region_name VARCHAR PRIMARY KEY,varchars VARCHAR[])";
    conn.createStatement().execute(ddl);

    String dml = "UPSERT INTO " + sourceTableName
      + "(region_name,varchars) VALUES('SF Bay Area',ARRAY_CAT(ARRAY['abcd','b'],ARRAY['c', 'd']))";
    conn.createStatement().execute(dml);

    dml = "UPSERT INTO " + sourceTableName
      + "(region_name,varchars) VALUES('SF Bay Area2',ARRAY_CAT(ARRAY['d','fgh'],ARRAY['something','something']))";
    conn.createStatement().execute(dml);
    conn.commit();

    dml = "UPSERT INTO " + targetTableName
      + "(region_name, varchars) SELECT region_name, ARRAY_CAT(varchars,varchars) FROM "
      + sourceTableName;
    conn.createStatement().execute(dml);
    conn.commit();

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT varchars FROM " + targetTableName);
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    String[] strings = new String[] { "abcd", "b", "c", "d", "abcd", "b", "c", "d" };
    Array array = conn.createArrayOf("VARCHAR", strings);

    assertEquals(array, rs.getArray(1));
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    strings =
      new String[] { "d", "fgh", "something", "something", "d", "fgh", "something", "something" };
    array = conn.createArrayOf("VARCHAR", strings);

    assertEquals(array, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionInWhere1() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT region_name FROM " + tableName
      + " WHERE ARRAY[2345,46345,23234,456,123]=ARRAY_CAT(integers,ARRAY[123])");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    assertEquals("SF Bay Area", rs.getString(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionInWhere2() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT region_name FROM " + tableName
      + " WHERE varchars[1]=ANY(ARRAY_CAT(ARRAY['2345','46345','23234'],ARRAY['1234']))");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    assertEquals("SF Bay Area", rs.getString(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionInWhere3() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT region_name FROM " + tableName
      + " WHERE ARRAY['2345','46345','23234','1234','234']=ARRAY_CAT(ARRAY['2345','46345','23234'],ARRAY['1234', '234'])");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    assertEquals("SF Bay Area", rs.getString(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionInWhere4() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT region_name FROM " + tableName
      + " WHERE ARRAY[23.45,4634.5,2.3234,123.4,12.0]=ARRAY_CAT(ARRAY[23.45,4634.5,2.3234],ARRAY[123.4,12.0])");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    assertEquals("SF Bay Area", rs.getString(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionInWhere5() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT region_name FROM " + tableName
      + " WHERE ARRAY['2345','46345','23234','foo','foo']=ARRAY_CAT(varchars,ARRAY['foo','foo'])");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    assertEquals("SF Bay Area", rs.getString(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionInWhere6() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery(
      "SELECT region_name FROM " + tableName + " WHERE chars2=ARRAY_CAT(chars,ARRAY['foo'])");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    assertEquals("SF Bay Area", rs.getString(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionInWhere7() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT region_name FROM " + tableName
      + " WHERE ARRAY[2,3,4,5]=ARRAY_CAT(ARRAY[2,3],ARRAY[4,5])");
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    assertEquals("SF Bay Area", rs.getString(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionWithNulls1() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    PreparedStatement st = conn.prepareStatement(
      "SELECT ARRAY_CAT(?,?) FROM " + tableName + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    Array array1 = conn.createArrayOf("VARCHAR", new Object[] { "a", "b", "c", null });
    st.setArray(1, array1);
    Array array2 = conn.createArrayOf("VARCHAR", new Object[] { "a", "b", "c" });
    st.setArray(2, array2);
    rs = st.executeQuery();
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    Array expected =
      conn.createArrayOf("VARCHAR", new Object[] { "a", "b", "c", null, "a", "b", "c" });

    assertEquals(expected, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionWithNulls2() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    PreparedStatement st = conn.prepareStatement(
      "SELECT ARRAY_CAT(?,?) FROM " + tableName + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    Array array1 = conn.createArrayOf("VARCHAR", new Object[] { "a", "b", "c" });
    st.setArray(1, array1);
    Array array2 = conn.createArrayOf("VARCHAR", new Object[] { null, "a", "b", "c" });
    st.setArray(2, array2);
    rs = st.executeQuery();
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    Array expected =
      conn.createArrayOf("VARCHAR", new Object[] { "a", "b", "c", null, "a", "b", "c" });

    assertEquals(expected, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionWithNulls3() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    PreparedStatement st = conn.prepareStatement(
      "SELECT ARRAY_CAT(?,?) FROM " + tableName + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    Array array1 = conn.createArrayOf("VARCHAR", new Object[] { "a", "b", "c", null });
    st.setArray(1, array1);
    Array array2 = conn.createArrayOf("VARCHAR", new Object[] { null, "a", "b", "c" });
    st.setArray(2, array2);
    rs = st.executeQuery();
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    Array expected =
      conn.createArrayOf("VARCHAR", new Object[] { "a", "b", "c", null, null, "a", "b", "c" });

    assertEquals(expected, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }

  @Test
  public void testArrayConcatFunctionWithNulls4() throws Exception {
    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
    String tableName = initTables(conn);

    ResultSet rs;
    PreparedStatement st = conn.prepareStatement(
      "SELECT ARRAY_CAT(?,?) FROM " + tableName + " WHERE region_name = 'SF Bay Area'");
    Array array1 =
      conn.createArrayOf("VARCHAR", new Object[] { null, "a", null, "b", "c", null, null });
    st.setArray(1, array1);
    Array array2 =
      conn.createArrayOf("VARCHAR", new Object[] { null, null, "a", null, "b", null, "c", null });
    st.setArray(2, array2);
    rs = st.executeQuery();
    assertTrue(rs.next());

    Array expected = conn.createArrayOf("VARCHAR", new Object[] { null, "a", null, "b", "c", null,
      null, null, null, "a", null, "b", null, "c", null });

    assertEquals(expected, rs.getArray(1));
    assertFalse(rs.next());
  }
}
