/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.phoenix.schema;

import static org.apache.phoenix.compile.WhereCompiler.transformDNF;
import static org.apache.phoenix.coprocessorclient.ScanRegionObserverConstants.DYNAMIC_COLUMN_METADATA_STORED_FOR_MUTATION;
import static org.apache.phoenix.hbase.index.util.KeyValueBuilder.addQuietly;
import static org.apache.phoenix.hbase.index.util.KeyValueBuilder.deleteQuietly;
import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.APPEND_ONLY_SCHEMA;
import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.AUTO_PARTITION_SEQ;
import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.COLUMN_ENCODED_BYTES;
import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_NAME;
import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.DISABLE_WAL;
import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.ENCODING_SCHEME;
import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.IMMUTABLE_ROWS;
import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.IMMUTABLE_STORAGE_SCHEME;
import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.INDEX_STATE;
import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.IS_STRICT_TTL;
import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.MULTI_TENANT;
import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.PHYSICAL_TABLE_NAME;
import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SALT_BUCKETS;
import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TRANSACTIONAL;
import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TRANSACTION_PROVIDER;
import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TTL;
import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.UPDATE_CACHE_FREQUENCY;
import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.USE_STATS_FOR_PARALLELIZATION;
import static org.apache.phoenix.query.QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_COLUMN_ENCODED_BYTES;
import static org.apache.phoenix.query.QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_IMMUTABLE_STORAGE_SCHEME;
import static org.apache.phoenix.query.QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_MULTI_TENANT;
import static org.apache.phoenix.query.QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_SALT_BUCKETS;
import static org.apache.phoenix.query.QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_TRANSACTIONAL;
import static org.apache.phoenix.query.QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_PROVIDER;
import static org.apache.phoenix.query.QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_UPDATE_CACHE_FREQUENCY;
import static org.apache.phoenix.query.QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_USE_STATS_FOR_PARALLELIZATION;
import static org.apache.phoenix.schema.LiteralTTLExpression.TTL_EXPRESSION_NOT_DEFINED;
import static org.apache.phoenix.schema.SaltingUtil.SALTING_COLUMN;
import static org.apache.phoenix.schema.TableProperty.DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY;
import static org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PDataType.TRUE_BYTES;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.BitSet;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Delete;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Durability;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Mutation;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Pair;
import org.apache.phoenix.compat.hbase.ByteStringer;
import org.apache.phoenix.compile.ExpressionCompiler;
import org.apache.phoenix.compile.FromCompiler;
import org.apache.phoenix.compile.QueryPlan;
import org.apache.phoenix.compile.StatementContext;
import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.DynamicColumnMetaDataProtos;
import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.PTableProtos;
import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessorclient.MetaDataProtocol;
import org.apache.phoenix.exception.DataExceedsCapacityException;
import org.apache.phoenix.expression.Expression;
import org.apache.phoenix.expression.LiteralExpression;
import org.apache.phoenix.expression.SingleCellConstructorExpression;
import org.apache.phoenix.hbase.index.covered.update.ColumnReference;
import org.apache.phoenix.hbase.index.util.ImmutableBytesPtr;
import org.apache.phoenix.hbase.index.util.KeyValueBuilder;
import org.apache.phoenix.index.IndexMaintainer;
import org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixConnection;
import org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData;
import org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixPreparedStatement;
import org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixStatement;
import org.apache.phoenix.parse.ParseNode;
import org.apache.phoenix.parse.SQLParser;
import org.apache.phoenix.protobuf.ProtobufUtil;
import org.apache.phoenix.query.QueryConstants;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.RowKeySchema.RowKeySchemaBuilder;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.transform.TransformMaintainer;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.IndexConsistency;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PBinary;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PChar;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PDataType;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PDouble;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PFloat;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PVarbinary;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PVarbinaryEncoded;
import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PVarchar;
import org.apache.phoenix.transaction.TransactionFactory;
import org.apache.phoenix.util.ByteUtil;
import org.apache.phoenix.util.CDCUtil;
import org.apache.phoenix.util.EncodedColumnsUtil;
import org.apache.phoenix.util.MetaDataUtil;
import org.apache.phoenix.util.PhoenixRuntime;
import org.apache.phoenix.util.SchemaUtil;
import org.apache.phoenix.util.SizedUtil;
import org.apache.phoenix.util.TrustedByteArrayOutputStream;

import org.apache.phoenix.thirdparty.com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import org.apache.phoenix.thirdparty.com.google.common.base.Objects;
import org.apache.phoenix.thirdparty.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import org.apache.phoenix.thirdparty.com.google.common.base.Strings;
import org.apache.phoenix.thirdparty.com.google.common.collect.ArrayListMultimap;
import org.apache.phoenix.thirdparty.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import org.apache.phoenix.thirdparty.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import org.apache.phoenix.thirdparty.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSortedMap;
import org.apache.phoenix.thirdparty.com.google.common.collect.ListMultimap;
import org.apache.phoenix.thirdparty.com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import org.apache.phoenix.thirdparty.com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import org.apache.phoenix.thirdparty.com.google.common.collect.Sets;

/**
 * Base class for PTable implementors. Provides abstraction for storing data in a single column
 * (ColumnLayout.SINGLE) or in multiple columns (ColumnLayout.MULTI).
 * @since 0.1
 */
public class PTableImpl implements PTable {
  private static final int VIEW_MODIFIED_UPDATE_CACHE_FREQUENCY_BIT_SET_POS = 0;
  private static final int VIEW_MODIFIED_USE_STATS_FOR_PARALLELIZATION_BIT_SET_POS = 1;
  private IndexMaintainer indexMaintainer;
  private TransformMaintainer transformMaintainer;
  private ImmutableBytesWritable indexMaintainersPtr;

  private final PTableKey key;
  private final PName name;
  private final PName schemaName;
  private final PName tableName;
  private final PName physicalTableNameColumnInSyscat;
  private final PName tenantId;
  private final PTableType type;
  private final PIndexState state;
  private final long sequenceNumber;
  private final long timeStamp;
  private final long indexDisableTimestamp;
  // Have MultiMap for String->PColumn (may need family qualifier)
  private final List<PColumn> pkColumns;
  private final List<PColumn> allColumns;
  // columns that were inherited from a parent table but that were dropped in the view
  private final List<PColumn> excludedColumns;
  private final List<PColumnFamily> families;
  private final Map<byte[], PColumnFamily> familyByBytes;
  private final Map<String, PColumnFamily> familyByString;
  private final ListMultimap<String, PColumn> columnsByName;
  private final Map<KVColumnFamilyQualifier, PColumn> kvColumnsByQualifiers;
  private final PName pkName;
  private final Integer bucketNum;
  private final RowKeySchema rowKeySchema;
  // Indexes associated with this table.
  private final List<PTable> indexes;
  // If the table is going through transform, we have this.
  private final PTable transformingNewTable;

  // Data table name that the index is created on.
  private final PName parentName;
  private final PName parentSchemaName;
  private final PName parentTableName;
  private final PName baseTableLogicalName;
  private final List<PName> physicalNames;
  private final boolean isImmutableRows;
  private final PName defaultFamilyName;
  private final String viewStatement;
  private final boolean disableWAL;
  private final boolean multiTenant;
  private final boolean storeNulls;
  private final TransactionFactory.Provider transactionProvider;
  private final ViewType viewType;
  private final PDataType viewIndexIdType;
  private final Long viewIndexId;
  private final int estimatedSize;
  private final IndexType indexType;
  private final IndexConsistency indexConsistency;
  private final int baseColumnCount;
  private final boolean rowKeyOrderOptimizable; // TODO: remove when required that tables have been
                                                // upgrade for PHOENIX-2067
  private final boolean hasColumnsRequiringUpgrade; // TODO: remove when required that tables have
                                                    // been upgrade for PHOENIX-2067
  private final int rowTimestampColPos;
  private final long updateCacheFrequency;
  private final boolean isNamespaceMapped;
  private final String autoPartitionSeqName;
  private final boolean isAppendOnlySchema;
  private final ImmutableStorageScheme immutableStorageScheme;
  private final QualifierEncodingScheme qualifierEncodingScheme;
  private final EncodedCQCounter encodedCQCounter;
  private final Boolean useStatsForParallelization;
  private final TTLExpression ttl;
  private final BitSet viewModifiedPropSet;
  private final Long lastDDLTimestamp;
  private final boolean isChangeDetectionEnabled;
  private final boolean isStrictTTL;
  private Map<String, String> propertyValues;
  private String schemaVersion;
  private String externalSchemaId;
  private String streamingTopicName;
  private byte[] rowKeyMatcher;
  private String indexWhere;
  private Expression indexWhereExpression;
  private Set<ColumnReference> indexWhereColumns;
  private Map<PTableKey, Long> ancestorLastDDLTimestampMap;
  private Set<CDCChangeScope> cdcIncludeScopes;

  public static class Builder {
    private PTableKey key;
    private PName name;
    private PName schemaName = PName.EMPTY_NAME;
    private PName tableName = PName.EMPTY_NAME;
    private PName physicalTableName = PName.EMPTY_NAME;
    private PName tenantId;
    private PTableType type;
    private PIndexState state;
    private long sequenceNumber;
    private long timeStamp;
    private long indexDisableTimestamp;
    private List<PColumn> pkColumns;
    private List<PColumn> allColumns;
    private List<PColumn> excludedColumns;
    private List<PColumnFamily> families;
    private Map<byte[], PColumnFamily> familyByBytes;
    private Map<String, PColumnFamily> familyByString;
    private ListMultimap<String, PColumn> columnsByName;
    private Map<KVColumnFamilyQualifier, PColumn> kvColumnsByQualifiers;
    private PName pkName;
    private Integer bucketNum;
    private RowKeySchema rowKeySchema;
    private List<PTable> indexes;
    private PTable transformingNewTable;
    private PName parentName;
    private PName parentSchemaName;
    private PName parentTableName;
    private PName baseTableLogicalName;
    private List<PName> physicalNames;
    private boolean isImmutableRows;
    private IndexMaintainer indexMaintainer;
    private ImmutableBytesWritable indexMaintainersPtr;
    private PName defaultFamilyName;
    private String viewStatement;
    private boolean disableWAL;
    private boolean multiTenant;
    private boolean storeNulls;
    private TransactionFactory.Provider transactionProvider;
    private ViewType viewType;
    private PDataType viewIndexIdType;
    private Long viewIndexId;
    private int estimatedSize;
    private IndexType indexType;
    private IndexConsistency indexConsistency;
    private int baseColumnCount;
    private boolean rowKeyOrderOptimizable;
    private boolean hasColumnsRequiringUpgrade;
    private int rowTimestampColPos;
    private long updateCacheFrequency;
    private boolean isNamespaceMapped;
    private String autoPartitionSeqName;
    private boolean isAppendOnlySchema;
    private ImmutableStorageScheme immutableStorageScheme;
    private QualifierEncodingScheme qualifierEncodingScheme;
    private EncodedCQCounter encodedCQCounter;
    private Boolean useStatsForParallelization;
    private Long lastDDLTimestamp;
    private boolean isChangeDetectionEnabled = false;
    private boolean isStrictTTL = DEFAULT_IS_STRICT_TTL;
    private Map<String, String> propertyValues = new HashMap<>();
    private String schemaVersion;
    private String externalSchemaId;
    private String streamingTopicName;
    private Set<CDCChangeScope> cdcIncludeScopes;
    private String indexWhere;
    private Map<PTableKey, Long> ancestorLastDDLTimestampMap = new HashMap<>();
    private TTLExpression ttl = TTL_EXPRESSION_NOT_DEFINED;
    private byte[] rowKeyMatcher;

    // Used to denote which properties a view has explicitly modified
    private BitSet viewModifiedPropSet = new BitSet(3);
    // Optionally set columns for the builder, but not for the actual PTable
    private Collection<PColumn> columns;

    public Builder setKey(PTableKey key) {
      this.key = key;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setName(PName name) {
      this.name = name;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setSchemaName(PName schemaName) {
      this.schemaName = schemaName;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setTableName(PName tableName) {
      this.tableName = tableName;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setTenantId(PName tenantId) {
      this.tenantId = tenantId;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setType(PTableType type) {
      this.type = type;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setState(PIndexState state) {
      if (state != null) {
        propertyValues.put(INDEX_STATE, state.getSerializedValue());
      }
      this.state = state;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setSequenceNumber(long sequenceNumber) {
      this.sequenceNumber = sequenceNumber;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setTimeStamp(long timeStamp) {
      this.timeStamp = timeStamp;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setIndexDisableTimestamp(long indexDisableTimestamp) {
      this.indexDisableTimestamp = indexDisableTimestamp;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setPkColumns(List<PColumn> pkColumns) {
      this.pkColumns = pkColumns;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setAllColumns(List<PColumn> allColumns) {
      this.allColumns = allColumns;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setExcludedColumns(List<PColumn> excludedColumns) {
      this.excludedColumns = excludedColumns;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setFamilyAttributes(List<PColumnFamily> families) {
      this.familyByBytes = Maps.newHashMapWithExpectedSize(families.size());
      this.familyByString = Maps.newHashMapWithExpectedSize(families.size());
      for (PColumnFamily family : families) {
        familyByBytes.put(family.getName().getBytes(), family);
        familyByString.put(family.getName().getString(), family);
      }
      this.families = families;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setFamilies(List<PColumnFamily> families) {
      this.families = families;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setFamilyByBytes(Map<byte[], PColumnFamily> familyByBytes) {
      this.familyByBytes = familyByBytes;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setFamilyByString(Map<String, PColumnFamily> familyByString) {
      this.familyByString = familyByString;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setColumnsByName(ListMultimap<String, PColumn> columnsByName) {
      this.columnsByName = columnsByName;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder
      setKvColumnsByQualifiers(Map<KVColumnFamilyQualifier, PColumn> kvColumnsByQualifiers) {
      this.kvColumnsByQualifiers = kvColumnsByQualifiers;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setPkName(PName pkName) {
      this.pkName = pkName;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setBucketNum(Integer bucketNum) {
      if (bucketNum != null) {
        propertyValues.put(SALT_BUCKETS, String.valueOf(bucketNum));
      }
      this.bucketNum = bucketNum;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setRowKeySchema(RowKeySchema rowKeySchema) {
      this.rowKeySchema = rowKeySchema;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setIndexes(List<PTable> indexes) {
      this.indexes = indexes;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setTransformingNewTable(PTable transformingNewTable) {
      this.transformingNewTable = transformingNewTable;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setParentName(PName parentName) {
      this.parentName = parentName;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setParentSchemaName(PName parentSchemaName) {
      this.parentSchemaName = parentSchemaName;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setParentTableName(PName parentTableName) {
      this.parentTableName = parentTableName;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setBaseTableLogicalName(PName baseTableLogicalName) {
      this.baseTableLogicalName = baseTableLogicalName;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setPhysicalNames(List<PName> physicalNames) {
      this.physicalNames = physicalNames;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setImmutableRows(boolean immutableRows) {
      propertyValues.put(IMMUTABLE_ROWS, String.valueOf(immutableRows));
      isImmutableRows = immutableRows;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setIndexMaintainer(IndexMaintainer indexMaintainer) {
      this.indexMaintainer = indexMaintainer;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setIndexMaintainersPtr(ImmutableBytesWritable indexMaintainersPtr) {
      this.indexMaintainersPtr = indexMaintainersPtr;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setDefaultFamilyName(PName defaultFamilyName) {
      if (defaultFamilyName != null) {
        propertyValues.put(DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_NAME, defaultFamilyName.getString());
      }
      this.defaultFamilyName = defaultFamilyName;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setViewStatement(String viewStatement) {
      this.viewStatement = viewStatement;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setDisableWAL(boolean disableWAL) {
      propertyValues.put(DISABLE_WAL, String.valueOf(disableWAL));
      this.disableWAL = disableWAL;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setMultiTenant(boolean multiTenant) {
      propertyValues.put(MULTI_TENANT, String.valueOf(multiTenant));
      this.multiTenant = multiTenant;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setStoreNulls(boolean storeNulls) {
      this.storeNulls = storeNulls;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setTransactionProvider(TransactionFactory.Provider transactionProvider) {
      if (transactionProvider != null) {
        propertyValues.put(TRANSACTION_PROVIDER, String.valueOf(transactionProvider));
      }
      this.transactionProvider = transactionProvider;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setViewType(ViewType viewType) {
      this.viewType = viewType;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setViewIndexIdType(PDataType viewIndexIdType) {
      this.viewIndexIdType = viewIndexIdType;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setViewIndexId(Long viewIndexId) {
      this.viewIndexId = viewIndexId;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setEstimatedSize(int estimatedSize) {
      this.estimatedSize = estimatedSize;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setIndexType(IndexType indexType) {
      this.indexType = indexType;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setIndexConsistency(IndexConsistency indexConsistency) {
      this.indexConsistency = indexConsistency;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setBaseColumnCount(int baseColumnCount) {
      this.baseColumnCount = baseColumnCount;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setRowKeyOrderOptimizable(boolean rowKeyOrderOptimizable) {
      this.rowKeyOrderOptimizable = rowKeyOrderOptimizable;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setHasColumnsRequiringUpgrade(boolean hasColumnsRequiringUpgrade) {
      this.hasColumnsRequiringUpgrade = hasColumnsRequiringUpgrade;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setRowTimestampColPos(int rowTimestampColPos) {
      this.rowTimestampColPos = rowTimestampColPos;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setPhysicalTableName(PName physicalTableName) {
      if (physicalTableName != null) {
        propertyValues.put(PHYSICAL_TABLE_NAME, String.valueOf(physicalTableName));
      }
      if (this.physicalTableName.equals(PName.EMPTY_NAME) && physicalTableName == null) {
        // don't override a "blank" PName with null.
        return this;
      }
      this.physicalTableName = physicalTableName;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setUpdateCacheFrequency(long updateCacheFrequency) {
      propertyValues.put(UPDATE_CACHE_FREQUENCY, String.valueOf(updateCacheFrequency));
      this.updateCacheFrequency = updateCacheFrequency;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setNamespaceMapped(boolean namespaceMapped) {
      isNamespaceMapped = namespaceMapped;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setAutoPartitionSeqName(String autoPartitionSeqName) {
      propertyValues.put(AUTO_PARTITION_SEQ, autoPartitionSeqName);
      this.autoPartitionSeqName = autoPartitionSeqName;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setAppendOnlySchema(boolean appendOnlySchema) {
      propertyValues.put(APPEND_ONLY_SCHEMA, String.valueOf(appendOnlySchema));
      isAppendOnlySchema = appendOnlySchema;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setImmutableStorageScheme(ImmutableStorageScheme immutableStorageScheme) {
      propertyValues.put(IMMUTABLE_STORAGE_SCHEME, immutableStorageScheme.toString());
      this.immutableStorageScheme = immutableStorageScheme;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setQualifierEncodingScheme(QualifierEncodingScheme qualifierEncodingScheme) {
      propertyValues.put(ENCODING_SCHEME, qualifierEncodingScheme.toString());
      this.qualifierEncodingScheme = qualifierEncodingScheme;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setEncodedCQCounter(EncodedCQCounter encodedCQCounter) {
      this.encodedCQCounter = encodedCQCounter;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setUseStatsForParallelization(Boolean useStatsForParallelization) {
      if (useStatsForParallelization != null) {
        propertyValues.put(USE_STATS_FOR_PARALLELIZATION,
          String.valueOf(useStatsForParallelization));
      }
      this.useStatsForParallelization = useStatsForParallelization;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setViewModifiedUpdateCacheFrequency(boolean modified) {
      this.viewModifiedPropSet.set(VIEW_MODIFIED_UPDATE_CACHE_FREQUENCY_BIT_SET_POS, modified);
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setViewModifiedUseStatsForParallelization(boolean modified) {
      this.viewModifiedPropSet.set(VIEW_MODIFIED_USE_STATS_FOR_PARALLELIZATION_BIT_SET_POS,
        modified);
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setTTL(TTLExpression ttl) {
      if (ttl != null) {
        propertyValues.put(TTL, ttl.getTTLExpression());
      }
      this.ttl = ttl;
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * Note: When set in the builder, we must call {@link Builder#initDerivedAttributes()} before
     * building the PTable in order to correctly populate other attributes of the PTable
     * @param columns PColumns to be set in the builder
     * @return PTableImpl.Builder object
     */
    public Builder setColumns(Collection<PColumn> columns) {
      this.columns = columns;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder addOrSetColumns(Collection<PColumn> changedColumns) {
      if (this.columns == null || this.columns.size() == 0) {
        // no need to merge, just take the changes as the complete set of PColumns
        this.columns = changedColumns;
      } else {
        // We have to merge the old and new columns, keeping the columns in the original order
        List<PColumn> existingColumnList = Lists.newArrayList(this.columns);
        List<PColumn> columnsToAdd = Lists.newArrayList();
        // create a new list that's almost a copy of this.columns, but everywhere there's
        // a "newer" PColumn of an existing column in the parameter, replace it with the
        // newer version
        for (PColumn newColumn : changedColumns) {
          int indexOf = existingColumnList.indexOf(newColumn);
          if (indexOf != -1) {
            existingColumnList.set(indexOf, newColumn);
          } else {
            columnsToAdd.add(newColumn);
          }
        }
        // now tack on any completely new columns at the end
        existingColumnList.addAll(columnsToAdd);
        this.columns = existingColumnList;
      }
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setLastDDLTimestamp(Long lastDDLTimestamp) {
      this.lastDDLTimestamp = lastDDLTimestamp;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setIsChangeDetectionEnabled(Boolean isChangeDetectionEnabled) {
      if (isChangeDetectionEnabled != null) {
        this.isChangeDetectionEnabled = isChangeDetectionEnabled;
      }
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setSchemaVersion(String schemaVersion) {
      if (schemaVersion != null) {
        this.schemaVersion = schemaVersion;
      }
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setExternalSchemaId(String externalSchemaId) {
      if (externalSchemaId != null) {
        this.externalSchemaId = externalSchemaId;
      }
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setStreamingTopicName(String streamingTopicName) {
      if (streamingTopicName != null) {
        this.streamingTopicName = streamingTopicName;
      }
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setRowKeyMatcher(byte[] rowKeyMatcher) {
      if (rowKeyMatcher != null) {
        this.rowKeyMatcher = rowKeyMatcher;
      }
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setIndexWhere(String indexWhere) {
      if (indexWhere != null) {
        this.indexWhere = indexWhere;
      }
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setAncestorLastDDLTimestampMap(Map<PTableKey, Long> map) {
      this.ancestorLastDDLTimestampMap = map;
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setCDCIncludeScopes(Set<CDCChangeScope> cdcIncludeScopes) {
      if (cdcIncludeScopes != null) {
        this.cdcIncludeScopes = cdcIncludeScopes;
      }
      return this;
    }

    public Builder setIsStrictTTL(Boolean isStrictTTL) {
      if (isStrictTTL != null) {
        this.isStrictTTL = isStrictTTL;
      }
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * Populate derivable attributes of the PTable
     * @return PTableImpl.Builder object
     */
    private Builder initDerivedAttributes() throws SQLException {
      checkTenantId(this.tenantId);
      Preconditions.checkNotNull(this.schemaName);
      Preconditions.checkNotNull(this.tableName);
      Preconditions.checkNotNull(this.columns);
      Preconditions.checkNotNull(this.indexes);
      Preconditions.checkNotNull(this.physicalNames);
      // hasColumnsRequiringUpgrade and rowKeyOrderOptimizable are booleans and can never be
      // null, so no need to check them
      PName fullName = PNameFactory
        .newName(SchemaUtil.getTableName(this.schemaName.getString(), this.tableName.getString()));
      int estimatedSize = SizedUtil.OBJECT_SIZE * 2 + 23 * SizedUtil.POINTER_SIZE
        + 4 * SizedUtil.INT_SIZE + 2 * SizedUtil.LONG_SIZE + 2 * SizedUtil.INT_OBJECT_SIZE
        + PNameFactory.getEstimatedSize(this.tenantId)
        + PNameFactory.getEstimatedSize(this.schemaName)
        + PNameFactory.getEstimatedSize(this.tableName) + PNameFactory.getEstimatedSize(this.pkName)
        + PNameFactory.getEstimatedSize(this.parentTableName)
        + PNameFactory.getEstimatedSize(this.defaultFamilyName);
      int numPKColumns = 0;
      List<PColumn> pkColumns;
      PColumn[] allColumns;
      if (this.bucketNum != null) {
        // Add salt column to allColumns and pkColumns, but don't add to
        // columnsByName, since it should not be addressable via name.
        allColumns = new PColumn[this.columns.size() + 1];
        allColumns[SALTING_COLUMN.getPosition()] = SALTING_COLUMN;
        pkColumns = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(this.columns.size() + 1);
        ++numPKColumns;
      } else {
        allColumns = new PColumn[this.columns.size()];
        pkColumns = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(this.columns.size());
      }
      // Must do this as with the new method of storing diffs, we just care about
      // ordinal position relative order and not the true ordinal value itself.
      List<PColumn> sortedColumns = Lists.newArrayList(this.columns);
      Collections.sort(sortedColumns, new Comparator<PColumn>() {
        @Override
        public int compare(PColumn o1, PColumn o2) {
          return Integer.compare(o1.getPosition(), o2.getPosition());
        }
      });

      // With the new uncovered index code, we pass the data table columns to the index
      // PTable. This wreaks havoc with the code used disambiguate column qualifiers.
      // localColumns only holds the actual columns of the table, and not external references
      List<PColumn> localColumns = new ArrayList<>(this.columns.size());

      // TODO should we just pass the global indexref columns separately instead ?
      for (PColumn column : sortedColumns) {
        if (
          !(column instanceof ProjectedColumn && ((ProjectedColumn) column)
            .getSourceColumnRef() instanceof IndexUncoveredDataColumnRef)
        ) {
          localColumns.add(column);
        }
      }

      int position = 0;
      if (this.bucketNum != null) {
        position = 1;
      }
      ListMultimap<String, PColumn> populateColumnsByName =
        ArrayListMultimap.create(this.columns.size(), 1);
      for (PColumn column : sortedColumns) {
        allColumns[position] = column;
        position++;
        PName familyName = column.getFamilyName();
        if (familyName == null) {
          ++numPKColumns;
        }
        String columnName = column.getName().getString();
        if (populateColumnsByName.put(columnName, column)) {
          int count = 0;
          for (PColumn dupColumn : populateColumnsByName.get(columnName)) {
            if (Objects.equal(familyName, dupColumn.getFamilyName())) {
              count++;
              if (count > 1) {
                throw new ColumnAlreadyExistsException(this.schemaName.getString(),
                  fullName.getString(), columnName);
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
      Map<KVColumnFamilyQualifier, PColumn> populateKvColumnsByQualifiers =
        Maps.newHashMapWithExpectedSize(localColumns.size());
      for (PColumn column : localColumns) {
        byte[] cq = column.getColumnQualifierBytes();
        String cf = column.getFamilyName() != null ? column.getFamilyName().getString() : null;
        if (cf != null && cq != null) {
          KVColumnFamilyQualifier info = new KVColumnFamilyQualifier(cf, cq);
          if (populateKvColumnsByQualifiers.get(info) != null) {
            throw new ColumnAlreadyExistsException(this.schemaName.getString(),
              fullName.getString(), column.getName().getString());
          }
          populateKvColumnsByQualifiers.put(info, column);
        }
      }
      estimatedSize += SizedUtil.sizeOfMap(allColumns.length, SizedUtil.POINTER_SIZE,
        SizedUtil.sizeOfArrayList(1)); // for multi-map
      estimatedSize += SizedUtil.sizeOfMap(numPKColumns) + SizedUtil.sizeOfMap(allColumns.length);

      RowKeySchemaBuilder builder = new RowKeySchemaBuilder(numPKColumns);
      // Two pass so that column order in column families matches overall column order
      // and to ensure that column family order is constant
      int maxExpectedSize = allColumns.length - numPKColumns;
      // Maintain iteration order so that column families are ordered as they are listed
      Map<PName, List<PColumn>> familyMap = Maps.newLinkedHashMap();
      PColumn rowTimestampCol = null;
      boolean hasColsRequiringUpgrade = false;
      for (PColumn column : allColumns) {
        PName familyName = column.getFamilyName();
        if (familyName == null) {
          hasColsRequiringUpgrade |= (column.getSortOrder() == SortOrder.DESC
            && (!column.getDataType().isFixedWidth() || column.getDataType() == PChar.INSTANCE
              || column.getDataType() == PFloat.INSTANCE || column.getDataType() == PDouble.INSTANCE
              || column.getDataType() == PBinary.INSTANCE))
            || (column.getSortOrder() == SortOrder.ASC && column.getDataType() == PBinary.INSTANCE
              && column.getMaxLength() != null && column.getMaxLength() > 1);
          pkColumns.add(column);
          if (column.isRowTimestamp()) {
            rowTimestampCol = column;
          }
          estimatedSize += column.getEstimatedSize(); // PK columns
          builder.addField(column, column.isNullable(), column.getSortOrder());
        }
      }
      for (PColumn column : localColumns) {
        PName familyName = column.getFamilyName();
        if (familyName != null) {
          List<PColumn> columnsInFamily = familyMap.get(familyName);
          if (columnsInFamily == null) {
            columnsInFamily = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(maxExpectedSize);
            familyMap.put(familyName, columnsInFamily);
          }
          columnsInFamily.add(column);
        }
      }
      int rowTimestampColPos;
      if (rowTimestampCol != null) {
        rowTimestampColPos = pkColumns.indexOf(rowTimestampCol);
      } else {
        rowTimestampColPos = -1;
      }

      Iterator<Map.Entry<PName, List<PColumn>>> iterator = familyMap.entrySet().iterator();
      PColumnFamily[] families = new PColumnFamily[familyMap.size()];
      ImmutableMap.Builder<String, PColumnFamily> familyByString = ImmutableMap.builder();
      ImmutableSortedMap.Builder<byte[], PColumnFamily> familyByBytes =
        ImmutableSortedMap.orderedBy(Bytes.BYTES_COMPARATOR);
      for (int i = 0; i < families.length; i++) {
        Map.Entry<PName, List<PColumn>> entry = iterator.next();
        PColumnFamily family = new PColumnFamilyImpl(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
        families[i] = family;
        familyByString.put(family.getName().getString(), family);
        familyByBytes.put(family.getName().getBytes(), family);
        estimatedSize += family.getEstimatedSize();
      }
      estimatedSize += SizedUtil.sizeOfArrayList(families.length);
      estimatedSize += SizedUtil.sizeOfMap(families.length) * 2;
      for (PTable index : this.indexes) {
        estimatedSize += index.getEstimatedSize();
      }
      if (transformingNewTable != null) {
        estimatedSize += transformingNewTable.getEstimatedSize();
      }

      estimatedSize += PNameFactory.getEstimatedSize(this.parentName);
      for (PName physicalName : this.physicalNames) {
        estimatedSize += physicalName.getEstimatedSize();
      }
      // Populate the derived fields and return the builder
      return this.setName(fullName).setKey(new PTableKey(this.tenantId, fullName.getString()))
        .setParentName(this.parentTableName == null
          ? null
          : PNameFactory.newName(SchemaUtil.getTableName(
            this.parentSchemaName != null ? this.parentSchemaName.getString() : null,
            this.parentTableName.getString())))
        .setColumnsByName(populateColumnsByName)
        .setKvColumnsByQualifiers(populateKvColumnsByQualifiers)
        .setAllColumns(ImmutableList.copyOf(allColumns))
        .setHasColumnsRequiringUpgrade(hasColsRequiringUpgrade | this.hasColumnsRequiringUpgrade)
        .setPkColumns(ImmutableList.copyOf(pkColumns)).setRowTimestampColPos(rowTimestampColPos)
        // after hasDescVarLengthColumns is calculated
        .setRowKeySchema(builder
          .rowKeyOrderOptimizable(this.rowKeyOrderOptimizable || !this.hasColumnsRequiringUpgrade)
          .build())
        .setFamilies(ImmutableList.copyOf(families)).setFamilyByBytes(familyByBytes.build())
        .setFamilyByString(familyByString.build())
        .setEstimatedSize(estimatedSize + this.rowKeySchema.getEstimatedSize());
    }

    public PTableImpl build() throws SQLException {
      // Note that we call initDerivedAttributes to populate derivable attributes if
      // this.columns is set in the PTableImpl.Builder object
      return (this.columns == null)
        ? new PTableImpl(this)
        : new PTableImpl(this.initDerivedAttributes());
    }

  }

  @VisibleForTesting
  PTableImpl() {
    this(new PTableImpl.Builder().setIndexes(Collections.emptyList())
      .setPhysicalNames(Collections.emptyList()).setRowKeySchema(RowKeySchema.EMPTY_SCHEMA));
  }

  // Private constructor used by the builder
  private PTableImpl(Builder builder) {
    this.key = builder.key;
    this.name = builder.name;
    this.schemaName = builder.schemaName;
    this.tableName = builder.tableName;
    this.physicalTableNameColumnInSyscat = builder.physicalTableName;
    this.tenantId = builder.tenantId;
    this.type = builder.type;
    this.state = builder.state;
    this.sequenceNumber = builder.sequenceNumber;
    this.timeStamp = builder.timeStamp;
    this.indexDisableTimestamp = builder.indexDisableTimestamp;
    this.pkColumns = builder.pkColumns;
    this.allColumns = builder.allColumns;
    this.excludedColumns = builder.excludedColumns;
    this.families = builder.families;
    this.familyByBytes = builder.familyByBytes;
    this.familyByString = builder.familyByString;
    this.columnsByName = builder.columnsByName;
    this.kvColumnsByQualifiers = builder.kvColumnsByQualifiers;
    this.pkName = builder.pkName;
    this.bucketNum = builder.bucketNum;
    this.rowKeySchema = builder.rowKeySchema;
    this.indexes = builder.indexes;
    this.transformingNewTable = builder.transformingNewTable;
    this.parentName = builder.parentName;
    this.parentSchemaName = builder.parentSchemaName;
    this.parentTableName = builder.parentTableName;
    this.baseTableLogicalName = builder.baseTableLogicalName;
    this.physicalNames = builder.physicalNames;
    this.isImmutableRows = builder.isImmutableRows;
    this.indexMaintainer = builder.indexMaintainer;
    this.indexMaintainersPtr = builder.indexMaintainersPtr;
    this.defaultFamilyName = builder.defaultFamilyName;
    this.viewStatement = builder.viewStatement;
    this.disableWAL = builder.disableWAL;
    this.multiTenant = builder.multiTenant;
    this.storeNulls = builder.storeNulls;
    this.transactionProvider = builder.transactionProvider;
    this.viewType = builder.viewType;
    this.viewIndexIdType = builder.viewIndexIdType;
    this.viewIndexId = builder.viewIndexId;
    this.estimatedSize = builder.estimatedSize;
    this.indexType = builder.indexType;
    this.indexConsistency = builder.indexConsistency;
    this.baseColumnCount = builder.baseColumnCount;
    this.rowKeyOrderOptimizable = builder.rowKeyOrderOptimizable;
    this.hasColumnsRequiringUpgrade = builder.hasColumnsRequiringUpgrade;
    this.rowTimestampColPos = builder.rowTimestampColPos;
    this.updateCacheFrequency = builder.updateCacheFrequency;
    this.isNamespaceMapped = builder.isNamespaceMapped;
    this.autoPartitionSeqName = builder.autoPartitionSeqName;
    this.isAppendOnlySchema = builder.isAppendOnlySchema;
    this.immutableStorageScheme = builder.immutableStorageScheme;
    this.qualifierEncodingScheme = builder.qualifierEncodingScheme;
    this.encodedCQCounter = builder.encodedCQCounter;
    this.useStatsForParallelization = builder.useStatsForParallelization;
    this.ttl = builder.ttl;
    this.viewModifiedPropSet = builder.viewModifiedPropSet;
    this.propertyValues = builder.propertyValues;
    this.lastDDLTimestamp = builder.lastDDLTimestamp;
    this.isChangeDetectionEnabled = builder.isChangeDetectionEnabled;
    this.isStrictTTL = builder.isStrictTTL;
    this.schemaVersion = builder.schemaVersion;
    this.externalSchemaId = builder.externalSchemaId;
    this.streamingTopicName = builder.streamingTopicName;
    this.cdcIncludeScopes = builder.cdcIncludeScopes;
    this.indexWhere = builder.indexWhere;
    this.ancestorLastDDLTimestampMap = builder.ancestorLastDDLTimestampMap;
    this.rowKeyMatcher = builder.rowKeyMatcher;
  }

  // When cloning table, ignore the salt column as it will be added back in the constructor
  public static List<PColumn> getColumnsToClone(PTable table) {
    return table == null
      ? Collections.<PColumn> emptyList()
      : (table.getBucketNum() == null
        ? table.getColumns()
        : table.getColumns().subList(1, table.getColumns().size()));
  }

  /**
   * Get a PTableImpl.Builder from an existing PTable and set the builder columns
   * @param table   Original PTable
   * @param columns Columns to set in the builder for the new PTable to be constructed
   * @return PTable builder object based on an existing PTable
   */
  public static PTableImpl.Builder builderWithColumns(PTable table, Collection<PColumn> columns) {
    return builderFromExisting(table).setColumns(columns);
  }

  /**
   * Get a PTableImpl.Builder from an existing PTable
   * @param table Original PTable
   */
  public static PTableImpl.Builder builderFromExisting(PTable table) {
    return new PTableImpl.Builder().setType(table.getType()).setState(table.getIndexState())
      .setTimeStamp(table.getTimeStamp()).setIndexDisableTimestamp(table.getIndexDisableTimestamp())
      .setSequenceNumber(table.getSequenceNumber()).setImmutableRows(table.isImmutableRows())
      .setViewStatement(table.getViewStatement()).setDisableWAL(table.isWALDisabled())
      .setMultiTenant(table.isMultiTenant()).setStoreNulls(table.getStoreNulls())
      .setViewType(table.getViewType()).setViewIndexIdType(table.getviewIndexIdType())
      .setViewIndexId(table.getViewIndexId()).setIndexType(table.getIndexType())
      .setIndexConsistency(table.getIndexConsistency())
      .setTransactionProvider(table.getTransactionProvider())
      .setUpdateCacheFrequency(table.getUpdateCacheFrequency())
      .setNamespaceMapped(table.isNamespaceMapped())
      .setAutoPartitionSeqName(table.getAutoPartitionSeqName())
      .setAppendOnlySchema(table.isAppendOnlySchema())
      .setImmutableStorageScheme(table.getImmutableStorageScheme() == null
        ? ImmutableStorageScheme.ONE_CELL_PER_COLUMN
        : table.getImmutableStorageScheme())
      .setQualifierEncodingScheme(table.getEncodingScheme() == null
        ? QualifierEncodingScheme.NON_ENCODED_QUALIFIERS
        : table.getEncodingScheme())
      .setBaseColumnCount(table.getBaseColumnCount())
      .setEncodedCQCounter(table.getEncodedCQCounter())
      .setUseStatsForParallelization(table.useStatsForParallelization())
      .setExcludedColumns(table.getExcludedColumns() == null
        ? ImmutableList.of()
        : ImmutableList.copyOf(table.getExcludedColumns()))
      .setTenantId(table.getTenantId()).setSchemaName(table.getSchemaName())
      .setTableName(table.getTableName()).setPhysicalTableName(table.getPhysicalName(true))
      .setPkName(table.getPKName()).setDefaultFamilyName(table.getDefaultFamilyName())
      .setRowKeyOrderOptimizable(table.rowKeyOrderOptimizable()).setBucketNum(table.getBucketNum())
      .setIndexes(table.getIndexes() == null ? Collections.emptyList() : table.getIndexes())
      .setTransformingNewTable(table.getTransformingNewTable())
      .setParentSchemaName(table.getParentSchemaName())
      .setParentTableName(table.getParentTableName())
      .setBaseTableLogicalName(table.getBaseTableLogicalName())
      .setPhysicalNames(table.getPhysicalNames() == null
        ? ImmutableList.of()
        : ImmutableList.copyOf(table.getPhysicalNames()))
      .setViewModifiedUseStatsForParallelization(table.hasViewModifiedUseStatsForParallelization())
      .setViewModifiedUpdateCacheFrequency(table.hasViewModifiedUpdateCacheFrequency())
      .setLastDDLTimestamp(table.getLastDDLTimestamp())
      .setIsChangeDetectionEnabled(table.isChangeDetectionEnabled())
      .setIsStrictTTL(table.isStrictTTL()).setSchemaVersion(table.getSchemaVersion())
      .setExternalSchemaId(table.getExternalSchemaId())
      .setStreamingTopicName(table.getStreamingTopicName()).setIndexWhere(table.getIndexWhere())
      .setCDCIncludeScopes(table.getCDCIncludeScopes())
      .setAncestorLastDDLTimestampMap(table.getAncestorLastDDLTimestampMap())
      .setTTL(table.getTTLExpression()).setRowKeyMatcher(table.getRowKeyMatcher());
  }

  @Override
  public long getUpdateCacheFrequency() {
    return updateCacheFrequency;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isMultiTenant() {
    return multiTenant;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean getStoreNulls() {
    return storeNulls;
  }

  @Override
  public ViewType getViewType() {
    return viewType;
  }

  @Override
  public int getEstimatedSize() {
    return estimatedSize;
  }

  public static void checkTenantId(PName tenantId) {
    // tenantId should be null or not empty
    Preconditions.checkArgument(tenantId == null || tenantId.getBytes().length > 0);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isImmutableRows() {
    return isImmutableRows;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return name.getString();
  }

  @Override
  public List<PColumn> getPKColumns() {
    return pkColumns;
  }

  @Override
  public final PName getName() {
    return name;
  }

  @Override
  public final PName getSchemaName() {
    return schemaName;
  }

  @Override
  public final PName getTableName() {
    return tableName;
  }

  @Override
  public final PTableType getType() {
    return type;
  }

  @Override
  public final List<PColumnFamily> getColumnFamilies() {
    return families;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean hasOnlyPkColumns() {
    return allColumns.stream().allMatch(SchemaUtil::isPKColumn);
  }

  @Override
  public int newKey(ImmutableBytesWritable key, byte[][] values) {
    List<PColumn> columns = getPKColumns();
    int nValues = values.length;
    while (nValues > 0 && (values[nValues - 1] == null || values[nValues - 1].length == 0)) {
      nValues--;
    }
    for (PColumn column : columns) {
      if (column.getExpressionStr() != null) {
        nValues++;
      }
    }
    int i = 0;
    TrustedByteArrayOutputStream os =
      new TrustedByteArrayOutputStream(SchemaUtil.estimateKeyLength(this));
    try {
      Integer bucketNum = this.getBucketNum();
      if (bucketNum != null) {
        // Write place holder for salt byte
        i++;
        os.write(QueryConstants.SEPARATOR_BYTE_ARRAY);
      }
      int nColumns = columns.size();
      PDataType type = null;
      SortOrder sortOrder = null;
      boolean wasNull = false;

      while (i < nValues && i < nColumns) {
        // Separate variable length column values in key with zero byte
        if (type != null && !type.isFixedWidth()) {
          os.write(
            SchemaUtil.getSeparatorBytes(type, rowKeyOrderOptimizable(), wasNull, sortOrder));
        }
        PColumn column = columns.get(i);
        sortOrder = column.getSortOrder();
        type = column.getDataType();
        // This will throw if the value is null and the type doesn't allow null
        byte[] byteValue = values[i++];
        if (byteValue == null) {
          if (column.getExpressionStr() != null) {
            try {
              String url = PhoenixRuntime.JDBC_PROTOCOL + PhoenixRuntime.JDBC_PROTOCOL_SEPARATOR
                + PhoenixRuntime.CONNECTIONLESS;
              PhoenixConnection conn =
                DriverManager.getConnection(url).unwrap(PhoenixConnection.class);
              StatementContext context = new StatementContext(new PhoenixStatement(conn));

              ExpressionCompiler compiler = new ExpressionCompiler(context);
              ParseNode defaultParseNode =
                new SQLParser(column.getExpressionStr()).parseExpression();
              Expression defaultExpression = defaultParseNode.accept(compiler);
              defaultExpression.evaluate(null, key);
              column.getDataType().coerceBytes(key, null, defaultExpression.getDataType(),
                defaultExpression.getMaxLength(), defaultExpression.getScale(),
                defaultExpression.getSortOrder(), column.getMaxLength(), column.getScale(),
                column.getSortOrder());
              byteValue = ByteUtil.copyKeyBytesIfNecessary(key);
            } catch (SQLException e) { // should not be possible
              throw new ConstraintViolationException(
                name.getString() + "." + column.getName().getString()
                  + " failed to compile default value expression of " + column.getExpressionStr());
            }
          } else {
            byteValue = ByteUtil.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
          }
        }
        wasNull = byteValue.length == 0;
        // An empty byte array return value means null. Do this,
        // since a type may have muliple representations of null.
        // For example, VARCHAR treats both null and an empty string
        // as null. This way we don't need to leak that part of the
        // implementation outside of PDataType by checking the value
        // here.
        if (byteValue.length == 0 && !column.isNullable()) {
          throw new ConstraintViolationException(
            name.getString() + "." + column.getName().getString() + " may not be null");
        }
        Integer maxLength = column.getMaxLength();
        Integer scale = column.getScale();
        key.set(byteValue);
        if (!type.isSizeCompatible(key, null, type, sortOrder, null, null, maxLength, scale)) {
          throw new DataExceedsCapacityException(column.getDataType(), maxLength, column.getScale(),
            column.getName().getString());
        }
        key.set(byteValue);
        type.pad(key, maxLength, sortOrder);
        byteValue = ByteUtil.copyKeyBytesIfNecessary(key);
        os.write(byteValue, 0, byteValue.length);
      }
      // Need trailing byte for DESC columns
      if (type != null && !type.isFixedWidth()) {
        if (type != PVarbinaryEncoded.INSTANCE) {
          if (
            SchemaUtil.getSeparatorByte(rowKeyOrderOptimizable(), wasNull, sortOrder)
                == QueryConstants.DESC_SEPARATOR_BYTE
          ) {
            os.write(QueryConstants.DESC_SEPARATOR_BYTE);
          }
        } else {
          byte[] separatorBytes = SchemaUtil
            .getSeparatorBytesForVarBinaryEncoded(rowKeyOrderOptimizable(), wasNull, sortOrder);
          if (separatorBytes == QueryConstants.DESC_VARBINARY_ENCODED_SEPARATOR_BYTES) {
            os.write(separatorBytes, 0, separatorBytes.length);
          }
        }
      }
      // If some non null pk values aren't set, then throw
      if (i < nColumns) {
        PColumn column = columns.get(i);
        if (column.getDataType().isFixedWidth() || !column.isNullable()) {
          throw new ConstraintViolationException(
            name.getString() + "." + column.getName().getString() + " may not be null");
        }
      }
      if (nValues == 0) {
        throw new ConstraintViolationException(
          "Primary key may not be null (" + name.getString() + ")");
      }
      byte[] buf = os.getBuffer();
      int size = os.size();
      if (bucketNum != null) {
        buf[0] = SaltingUtil.getSaltingByte(buf, 1, size - 1, bucketNum);
      }
      key.set(buf, 0, size);
      return i;
    } finally {
      try {
        os.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e); // Impossible
      }
    }
  }

  private PRow newRow(KeyValueBuilder builder, long ts, ImmutableBytesWritable key, int i,
    boolean hasOnDupKey, byte[]... values) {
    PRow row = new PRowImpl(builder, key, ts, getBucketNum(), hasOnDupKey);
    if (i < values.length) {
      for (PColumnFamily family : getColumnFamilies()) {
        for (PColumn column : family.getColumns()) {
          row.setValue(column, values[i++]);
          if (i == values.length) return row;
        }
      }
    }
    return row;
  }

  @Override
  public PRow newRow(KeyValueBuilder builder, long ts, ImmutableBytesWritable key,
    boolean hasOnDupKey, byte[]... values) {
    return newRow(builder, ts, key, 0, hasOnDupKey, values);
  }

  @Override
  public PRow newRow(KeyValueBuilder builder, ImmutableBytesWritable key, boolean hasOnDupKey,
    byte[]... values) {
    return newRow(builder, HConstants.LATEST_TIMESTAMP, key, hasOnDupKey, values);
  }

  @Override
  public PColumn getColumnForColumnName(String name)
    throws ColumnNotFoundException, AmbiguousColumnException {
    String schemaNameStr = schemaName == null ? null : schemaName.getString();
    String tableNameStr = tableName == null ? null : tableName.getString();

    // Throw exception if trying to create a column name that does not exist
    if (columnsByName == null) {
      throw new ColumnNotFoundException(schemaNameStr, tableNameStr, null, name);
    }

    List<PColumn> columns = columnsByName.get(name);
    int size = columns.size();
    if (size == 0) {
      throw new ColumnNotFoundException(schemaNameStr, tableNameStr, null, name);

    }
    if (size > 1) {
      for (PColumn column : columns) {
        if (
          column.getFamilyName() == null
            || QueryConstants.DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY.equals(column.getFamilyName().getString())
        ) {
          // Allow ambiguity with PK column or column in the default column family,
          // since a PK column cannot be prefixed and a user would not know how to
          // prefix a column in the default column family.
          return column;
        }
      }
      throw new AmbiguousColumnException(name);
    }
    return columns.get(0);
  }

  @Override
  public PColumn getColumnForColumnQualifier(byte[] cf, byte[] cq)
    throws ColumnNotFoundException, AmbiguousColumnException {
    Preconditions.checkNotNull(cq);
    if (!EncodedColumnsUtil.usesEncodedColumnNames(this) || cf == null) {
      String columnName = (String) PVarchar.INSTANCE.toObject(cq);
      return getColumnForColumnName(columnName);
    } else {
      String family = (String) PVarchar.INSTANCE.toObject(cf);
      PColumn col = kvColumnsByQualifiers.get(new KVColumnFamilyQualifier(family, cq));
      if (col == null) {
        String schemaNameStr = schemaName == null ? null : schemaName.getString();
        String tableNameStr = tableName == null ? null : tableName.getString();
        throw new ColumnNotFoundException(schemaNameStr, tableNameStr, null,
          "No column found for column qualifier " + qualifierEncodingScheme.decode(cq));
      }
      return col;
    }
  }

  /**
   * PRow implementation for ColumnLayout.MULTI mode which stores column values across multiple
   * hbase columns.
   * @since 0.1
   */
  private class PRowImpl implements PRow {
    private final byte[] key;
    private final ImmutableBytesWritable keyPtr;
    // default to the generic builder, and only override when we know on the client
    private final KeyValueBuilder kvBuilder;

    private Mutation setValues;
    private Delete unsetValues;
    private Mutation deleteRow;
    private final long ts;
    private final boolean hasOnDupKey;
    // map from column name to value
    private Map<PColumn, byte[]> columnToValueMap;
    // Map from the column family name to the list of dynamic columns in that column family.
    // If there are no dynamic columns in a column family, the key for that column family
    // will not exist in the map, rather than the corresponding value being an empty list.
    private Map<String, List<PColumn>> colFamToDynamicColumnsMapping;

    PRowImpl(KeyValueBuilder kvBuilder, ImmutableBytesWritable key, long ts, Integer bucketNum,
      boolean hasOnDupKey) {
      this.kvBuilder = kvBuilder;
      this.ts = ts;
      this.hasOnDupKey = hasOnDupKey;
      if (bucketNum != null) {
        this.key = SaltingUtil.getSaltedKey(key, bucketNum);
        this.keyPtr = new ImmutableBytesPtr(this.key);
      } else {
        this.keyPtr = new ImmutableBytesPtr(key);
        this.key = ByteUtil.copyKeyBytesIfNecessary(key);
      }
      this.columnToValueMap = Maps.newHashMapWithExpectedSize(1);
      this.colFamToDynamicColumnsMapping = Maps.newHashMapWithExpectedSize(1);
      newMutations();
    }

    private void newMutations() {
      Mutation put = new Put(this.key);
      Delete delete = new Delete(this.key);
      if (isWALDisabled()) {
        put.setDurability(Durability.SKIP_WAL);
        delete.setDurability(Durability.SKIP_WAL);
      }
      this.setValues = put;
      this.unsetValues = delete;
    }

    @Override
    public List<Mutation> toRowMutations() {
      List<Mutation> mutations = new ArrayList<Mutation>(3);
      if (deleteRow != null) {
        // Include only deleteRow mutation if present because it takes precedence over all others
        mutations.add(deleteRow);
      } else {
        // store all columns for a given column family in a single cell instead of one column per
        // cell in order to improve write performance
        if (
          immutableStorageScheme != null
            && immutableStorageScheme != ImmutableStorageScheme.ONE_CELL_PER_COLUMN
        ) {
          Put put = new Put(this.key);
          if (isWALDisabled()) {
            put.setDurability(Durability.SKIP_WAL);
          }
          // the setValues Put contains one cell per column, we need to convert it to a Put that
          // contains a cell with all columns for a given column family
          for (PColumnFamily family : families) {
            byte[] columnFamily = family.getName().getBytes();
            Collection<PColumn> columns = family.getColumns();
            int maxEncodedColumnQualifier = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
            for (PColumn column : columns) {
              int qualifier = qualifierEncodingScheme.decode(column.getColumnQualifierBytes());
              maxEncodedColumnQualifier = Math.max(maxEncodedColumnQualifier, qualifier);
            }
            Expression[] colValues =
              EncodedColumnsUtil.createColumnExpressionArray(maxEncodedColumnQualifier);
            for (PColumn column : columns) {
              if (columnToValueMap.containsKey(column)) {
                int colIndex = qualifierEncodingScheme.decode(column.getColumnQualifierBytes())
                  - QueryConstants.ENCODED_CQ_COUNTER_INITIAL_VALUE + 1;
                colValues[colIndex] = new LiteralExpression(columnToValueMap.get(column));
              }
            }

            List<Expression> children = Arrays.asList(colValues);
            // we use SingleCellConstructorExpression to serialize all the columns into a single
            // byte[]
            SingleCellConstructorExpression singleCellConstructorExpression =
              new SingleCellConstructorExpression(immutableStorageScheme, children);
            ImmutableBytesWritable ptr = new ImmutableBytesWritable();
            singleCellConstructorExpression.evaluate(null, ptr);
            ImmutableBytesPtr colFamilyPtr = new ImmutableBytesPtr(columnFamily);
            addQuietly(put, kvBuilder.buildPut(keyPtr, colFamilyPtr,
              QueryConstants.SINGLE_KEYVALUE_COLUMN_QUALIFIER_BYTES_PTR, ts, ptr));
          }
          // Preserve the attributes of the original mutation
          Map<String, byte[]> attrsMap = setValues.getAttributesMap();
          setValues = put;
          for (String attrKey : attrsMap.keySet()) {
            setValues.setAttribute(attrKey, attrsMap.get(attrKey));
          }
        }
        // Because we cannot enforce a not null constraint on a KV column (since we don't know if
        // the row exists when
        // we upsert it), so instead add a KV that is always empty. This allows us to imitate SQL
        // semantics given the
        // way HBase works.
        Pair<byte[], byte[]> emptyKvInfo = EncodedColumnsUtil.getEmptyKeyValueInfo(PTableImpl.this);
        addQuietly(setValues,
          kvBuilder.buildPut(keyPtr, SchemaUtil.getEmptyColumnFamilyPtr(PTableImpl.this),
            new ImmutableBytesPtr(emptyKvInfo.getFirst()), ts,
            new ImmutableBytesPtr(emptyKvInfo.getSecond())));
        mutations.add(setValues);
        if (!unsetValues.isEmpty()) {
          mutations.add(unsetValues);
        }
      }
      return mutations;
    }

    private void removeIfPresent(Mutation m, byte[] family, byte[] qualifier) {
      Map<byte[], List<Cell>> familyMap = m.getFamilyCellMap();
      List<Cell> kvs = familyMap.get(family);
      if (kvs != null) {
        Iterator<Cell> iterator = kvs.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
          Cell kv = iterator.next();
          if (
            Bytes.compareTo(kv.getQualifierArray(), kv.getQualifierOffset(),
              kv.getQualifierLength(), qualifier, 0, qualifier.length) == 0
          ) {
            iterator.remove();
            break;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    @Override
    public void setValue(PColumn column, byte[] byteValue) {
      deleteRow = null;
      byte[] family = column.getFamilyName().getBytes();
      byte[] qualifier = column.getColumnQualifierBytes();
      ImmutableBytesPtr qualifierPtr = new ImmutableBytesPtr(qualifier);
      PDataType<?> type = column.getDataType();
      // Check null, since some types have no byte representation for null
      if (byteValue == null) {
        byteValue = ByteUtil.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
      }
      boolean isNull = type.isNull(byteValue);
      if (isNull && !column.isNullable()) {
        throw new ConstraintViolationException(
          name.getString() + "." + column.getName().getString() + " may not be null");
      } else if (isNull && PTableImpl.this.isImmutableRows() && column.getExpressionStr() == null) {
        // Store nulls for immutable tables otherwise default value would be used
        removeIfPresent(setValues, family, qualifier);
        removeIfPresent(unsetValues, family, qualifier);
      } else
        if (isNull && !getStoreNulls() && !this.hasOnDupKey && column.getExpressionStr() == null) {
          // Cannot use column delete marker when row has ON DUPLICATE KEY clause
          // because we cannot change a Delete mutation to a Put mutation in the
          // case of updates occurring due to the execution of the clause.
          removeIfPresent(setValues, family, qualifier);
          deleteQuietly(unsetValues, kvBuilder, kvBuilder.buildDeleteColumns(keyPtr,
            column.getFamilyName().getBytesPtr(), qualifierPtr, ts));
        } else {
          ImmutableBytesWritable ptr = new ImmutableBytesWritable(byteValue);
          Integer maxLength = column.getMaxLength();
          Integer scale = column.getScale();
          SortOrder sortOrder = column.getSortOrder();
          if (!type.isSizeCompatible(ptr, null, type, sortOrder, null, null, maxLength, scale)) {
            throw new DataExceedsCapacityException(column.getDataType(), maxLength,
              column.getScale(), column.getName().getString());
          }
          ptr.set(byteValue);
          type.pad(ptr, maxLength, sortOrder);
          removeIfPresent(unsetValues, family, qualifier);
          // store all columns for a given column family in a single cell instead of one column per
          // cell in order to improve write performance
          // we don't need to do anything with unsetValues as it is only used when storeNulls is
          // false, storeNulls is always true when storeColsInSingleCell is true
          if (immutableStorageScheme == ImmutableStorageScheme.SINGLE_CELL_ARRAY_WITH_OFFSETS) {
            columnToValueMap.put(column, ptr.get());
          } else {
            removeIfPresent(unsetValues, family, qualifier);
            addQuietly(setValues, kvBuilder.buildPut(keyPtr, column.getFamilyName().getBytesPtr(),
              qualifierPtr, ts, ptr));
          }
          String fam = Bytes.toString(family);
          if (column.isDynamic()) {
            if (!this.colFamToDynamicColumnsMapping.containsKey(fam)) {
              this.colFamToDynamicColumnsMapping.put(fam, new ArrayList<>());
            }
            this.colFamToDynamicColumnsMapping.get(fam).add(column);
          }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Add attributes to the Put mutations indicating that we need to add shadow cells to Puts to
     * store dynamic column metadata. See
     * {@link org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.ScanRegionObserver#preBatchMutate(ObserverContext, MiniBatchOperationInProgress)}
     */
    public boolean setAttributesForDynamicColumnsIfReqd() {
      if (
        this.colFamToDynamicColumnsMapping == null || this.colFamToDynamicColumnsMapping.isEmpty()
      ) {
        return false;
      }
      boolean attrsForDynColsSet = false;
      for (Entry<String, List<PColumn>> colFamToDynColsList : this.colFamToDynamicColumnsMapping
        .entrySet()) {
        DynamicColumnMetaDataProtos.DynamicColumnMetaData.Builder builder =
          DynamicColumnMetaDataProtos.DynamicColumnMetaData.newBuilder();
        for (PColumn dynCol : colFamToDynColsList.getValue()) {
          builder.addDynamicColumns(PColumnImpl.toProto(dynCol));
        }
        if (builder.getDynamicColumnsCount() != 0) {
          // The attribute key is the column family name and the value is the
          // serialized list of dynamic columns
          setValues.setAttribute(colFamToDynColsList.getKey(), builder.build().toByteArray());
          attrsForDynColsSet = true;
        }
      }
      return attrsForDynColsSet;
    }

    @Override
    public void setAttributeToProcessDynamicColumnsMetadata() {
      setValues.setAttribute(DYNAMIC_COLUMN_METADATA_STORED_FOR_MUTATION, TRUE_BYTES);
    }

    @Override
    public void delete() {
      newMutations();
      Delete delete = new Delete(key);
      if (families.isEmpty()) {
        delete.addFamily(SchemaUtil.getEmptyColumnFamily(PTableImpl.this), ts);
      } else {
        for (PColumnFamily colFamily : families) {
          delete.addFamily(colFamily.getName().getBytes(), ts);
        }
      }
      deleteRow = delete;
      if (isWALDisabled()) {
        deleteRow.setDurability(Durability.SKIP_WAL);
      }
    }

  }

  @Override
  public PColumnFamily getColumnFamily(String familyName) throws ColumnFamilyNotFoundException {
    PColumnFamily family = familyByString.get(familyName);
    if (family == null) {
      String schemaNameStr = schemaName == null ? null : schemaName.getString();
      String tableNameStr = tableName == null ? null : tableName.getString();
      throw new ColumnFamilyNotFoundException(schemaNameStr, tableNameStr, familyName);
    }
    return family;
  }

  @Override
  public PColumnFamily getColumnFamily(byte[] familyBytes) throws ColumnFamilyNotFoundException {
    PColumnFamily family = familyByBytes.get(familyBytes);
    if (family == null) {
      String familyName = Bytes.toString(familyBytes);
      String schemaNameStr = schemaName == null ? null : schemaName.getString();
      String tableNameStr = tableName == null ? null : tableName.getString();
      throw new ColumnFamilyNotFoundException(schemaNameStr, tableNameStr, familyName);
    }
    return family;
  }

  @Override
  public List<PColumn> getColumns() {
    return allColumns;
  }

  @Override
  public List<PColumn> getExcludedColumns() {
    return excludedColumns;
  }

  @Override
  public long getSequenceNumber() {
    return sequenceNumber;
  }

  @Override
  public long getTimeStamp() {
    return timeStamp;
  }

  @Override
  public long getIndexDisableTimestamp() {
    return indexDisableTimestamp;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isIndexStateDisabled() {
    return getIndexState() != null && getIndexState().isDisabled();
  }

  @Override
  public PColumn getPKColumn(String name) throws ColumnNotFoundException {
    List<PColumn> columns = columnsByName.get(name);
    int size = columns.size();
    if (size == 0) {
      String schemaNameStr = schemaName == null ? null : schemaName.getString();
      String tableNameStr = tableName == null ? null : tableName.getString();
      throw new ColumnNotFoundException(schemaNameStr, tableNameStr, null, name);
    }
    if (size > 1) {
      do {
        PColumn column = columns.get(--size);
        if (column.getFamilyName() == null) {
          return column;
        }
      } while (size > 0);
      String schemaNameStr = schemaName == null ? null : schemaName.getString();
      String tableNameStr = tableName == null ? null : tableName.getString();
      throw new ColumnNotFoundException(schemaNameStr, tableNameStr, null, name);
    }
    return columns.get(0);
  }

  @Override
  public PName getPKName() {
    return pkName;
  }

  @Override
  public RowKeySchema getRowKeySchema() {
    return rowKeySchema;
  }

  @Override
  public Integer getBucketNum() {
    return bucketNum;
  }

  @Override
  public List<PTable> getIndexes() {
    return indexes;
  }

  @Override
  public PTable getTransformingNewTable() {
    return transformingNewTable;
  }

  @Override
  public PIndexState getIndexState() {
    return state;
  }

  @Override
  public PName getParentTableName() {
    // a view on a table will not have a parent name but will have a physical table name (which is
    // the parent)
    return (type != PTableType.VIEW || parentName != null)
      ? parentTableName
      : PNameFactory.newName(SchemaUtil.getTableNameFromFullName(getPhysicalName().getBytes()));
  }

  @Override
  public PName getParentName() {
    // a view on a table will not have a parent name but will have a physical table name (which is
    // the parent)
    return (type != PTableType.VIEW || parentName != null)
      ? parentName
      : ((baseTableLogicalName != null && !Strings.isNullOrEmpty(baseTableLogicalName.getString()))
        ? baseTableLogicalName
        : getPhysicalName());
  }

  @Override
  public PName getBaseTableLogicalName() {
    PName result = null;
    if (baseTableLogicalName != null && !Strings.isNullOrEmpty(baseTableLogicalName.getString())) {
      result = baseTableLogicalName;
    } else {
      if (parentName != null) {
        result = parentName;
      } else {
        if (type == PTableType.VIEW) {
          result = getPhysicalName();
        } else if (type == PTableType.INDEX) {
          result = SchemaUtil.getTableName(parentSchemaName, parentTableName);
        }
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  @Override
  public synchronized TransformMaintainer getTransformMaintainer(PTable oldTable,
    PhoenixConnection connection) {
    if (transformMaintainer == null) {
      transformMaintainer = TransformMaintainer.create(oldTable, this, connection);
    }
    return transformMaintainer;
  }

  @Override
  public synchronized IndexMaintainer getIndexMaintainer(PTable dataTable,
    PhoenixConnection connection) throws SQLException {
    return getIndexMaintainer(dataTable, null, connection);
  }

  @Override
  public synchronized IndexMaintainer getIndexMaintainer(PTable dataTable, PTable cdcTable,
    PhoenixConnection connection) throws SQLException {
    if (indexMaintainer == null) {
      indexMaintainer = IndexMaintainer.create(dataTable, cdcTable, this, connection);
    }
    return indexMaintainer;
  }

  @Override
  public synchronized boolean getIndexMaintainers(ImmutableBytesWritable ptr,
    PhoenixConnection connection) throws SQLException {
    if (indexMaintainersPtr == null || indexMaintainersPtr.getLength() == 0) {
      indexMaintainersPtr = new ImmutableBytesWritable();
      if (indexes.isEmpty() && transformingNewTable == null) {
        indexMaintainersPtr.set(ByteUtil.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY);
      } else {
        IndexMaintainer.serialize(this, indexMaintainersPtr, connection);
      }
    }
    ptr.set(indexMaintainersPtr.get(), indexMaintainersPtr.getOffset(),
      indexMaintainersPtr.getLength());
    return indexMaintainersPtr.getLength() > 0;
  }

  @Override
  public PName getPhysicalName() {
    // For views, physicalName is base table physical name. There might be a case where the Phoenix
    // table is pointing to another physical table.
    // In that case, physicalTableName is not null
    if (physicalNames.isEmpty()) {
      if (
        physicalTableNameColumnInSyscat != null
          && !Strings.isNullOrEmpty(physicalTableNameColumnInSyscat.getString())
      ) {
        return SchemaUtil.getPhysicalHBaseTableName(schemaName, physicalTableNameColumnInSyscat,
          isNamespaceMapped);
      }
      return SchemaUtil.getPhysicalHBaseTableName(schemaName, tableName, isNamespaceMapped);
    } else {
      return PNameFactory.newName(physicalNames.get(0).getBytes());
    }
  }

  @Override
  public PName getPhysicalName(boolean returnColValueFromSyscat) {
    if (returnColValueFromSyscat) {
      return physicalTableNameColumnInSyscat;
    } else {
      return getPhysicalName();
    }
  }

  @Override
  public List<PName> getPhysicalNames() {
    return !physicalNames.isEmpty() ? physicalNames : Lists.newArrayList(getPhysicalName());
  }

  @Override
  public PName getDefaultFamilyName() {
    return defaultFamilyName;
  }

  @Override
  public String getViewStatement() {
    return viewStatement;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isWALDisabled() {
    return disableWAL;
  }

  @Override
  public Long getViewIndexId() {
    return viewIndexId;
  }

  @Override
  public PDataType getviewIndexIdType() {
    return viewIndexIdType;
  }

  @Override
  public PName getTenantId() {
    return tenantId;
  }

  @Override
  public IndexType getIndexType() {
    return indexType;
  }

  @Override
  public IndexConsistency getIndexConsistency() {
    return type == PTableType.INDEX ? indexConsistency : null;
  }

  /**
   * Construct a PTable instance from ProtoBuffered PTable instance
   */
  public static PTable createFromProto(PTableProtos.PTable table) {
    if (table == null) return null;
    PName tenantId = null;
    if (table.hasTenantId()) {
      tenantId = PNameFactory.newName(table.getTenantId().toByteArray());
    }
    PName schemaName = PNameFactory.newName(table.getSchemaNameBytes().toByteArray());
    PName tableName = PNameFactory.newName(table.getTableNameBytes().toByteArray());
    PName physicalTableName = null;
    if (table.getPhysicalTableNameBytes() != null) {
      physicalTableName = PNameFactory.newName(table.getPhysicalTableNameBytes().toByteArray());
    }
    PTableType tableType = PTableType.values()[table.getTableType().ordinal()];
    PIndexState indexState = null;
    if (table.hasIndexState()) {
      indexState = PIndexState.fromSerializedValue(table.getIndexState());
    }
    Long viewIndexId = null;
    if (table.hasViewIndexId()) {
      viewIndexId = table.getViewIndexId();
    }
    PDataType viewIndexIdType = table.hasViewIndexIdType()
      ? PDataType.fromTypeId(table.getViewIndexIdType())
      : MetaDataUtil.getLegacyViewIndexIdDataType();
    IndexType indexType = IndexType.getDefault();
    if (table.hasIndexType()) {
      indexType = IndexType.fromSerializedValue(table.getIndexType().toByteArray()[0]);
    }
    long sequenceNumber = table.getSequenceNumber();
    long timeStamp = table.getTimeStamp();
    long indexDisableTimestamp = table.getIndexDisableTimestamp();
    PName pkName = null;
    if (table.hasPkNameBytes()) {
      pkName = PNameFactory.newName(table.getPkNameBytes().toByteArray());
    }
    int bucketNum = table.getBucketNum();
    List<PColumn> columns = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(table.getColumnsCount());
    for (PTableProtos.PColumn curPColumnProto : table.getColumnsList()) {
      columns.add(PColumnImpl.createFromProto(curPColumnProto));
    }
    List<PTable> indexes = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(table.getIndexesCount());
    for (PTableProtos.PTable curPTableProto : table.getIndexesList()) {
      indexes.add(createFromProto(curPTableProto));
    }

    PTable transformingNewTable = null;
    if (table.hasTransformingNewTable()) {
      PTableProtos.PTable curTransformingPTableProto = table.getTransformingNewTable();
      transformingNewTable = createFromProto(curTransformingPTableProto);
    }
    boolean isImmutableRows = table.getIsImmutableRows();
    PName parentSchemaName = null;
    PName parentTableName = null;
    PName parentLogicalName = null;
    if (table.hasParentNameBytes()) {
      parentSchemaName = PNameFactory
        .newName(SchemaUtil.getSchemaNameFromFullName((table.getParentNameBytes().toByteArray())));
      parentTableName = PNameFactory
        .newName(SchemaUtil.getTableNameFromFullName(table.getParentNameBytes().toByteArray()));
    }
    if (table.getBaseTableLogicalNameBytes() != null) {
      parentLogicalName = PNameFactory.newName(table.getBaseTableLogicalNameBytes().toByteArray());
    }
    PName defaultFamilyName = null;
    if (table.hasDefaultFamilyName()) {
      defaultFamilyName = PNameFactory.newName(table.getDefaultFamilyName().toByteArray());
    }
    boolean disableWAL = table.getDisableWAL();
    boolean multiTenant = table.getMultiTenant();
    boolean storeNulls = table.getStoreNulls();
    TransactionFactory.Provider transactionProvider = null;
    if (table.hasTransactionProvider()) {
      transactionProvider = TransactionFactory.Provider.fromCode(table.getTransactionProvider());
    } else if (table.hasTransactional()) {
      // For backward compatibility prior to transactionProvider field
      transactionProvider = TransactionFactory.Provider.NOTAVAILABLE;
    }
    ViewType viewType = null;
    String viewStatement = null;
    if (tableType == PTableType.VIEW) {
      viewType = ViewType.fromSerializedValue(table.getViewType().toByteArray()[0]);
    }
    if (table.hasViewStatement()) {
      viewStatement = (String) PVarchar.INSTANCE.toObject(table.getViewStatement().toByteArray());
    }
    List<PName> physicalNames = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(table.getPhysicalNamesCount());
    for (int i = 0; i < table.getPhysicalNamesCount(); i++) {
      physicalNames.add(PNameFactory.newName(table.getPhysicalNames(i).toByteArray()));
    }
    int baseColumnCount = -1;
    if (table.hasBaseColumnCount()) {
      baseColumnCount = table.getBaseColumnCount();
    }

    boolean rowKeyOrderOptimizable = false;
    if (table.hasRowKeyOrderOptimizable()) {
      rowKeyOrderOptimizable = table.getRowKeyOrderOptimizable();
    }
    long updateCacheFrequency = 0;
    if (table.hasUpdateCacheFrequency()) {
      updateCacheFrequency = table.getUpdateCacheFrequency();
    }
    boolean isNamespaceMapped = false;
    if (table.hasIsNamespaceMapped()) {
      isNamespaceMapped = table.getIsNamespaceMapped();
    }
    String autoPartitionSeqName = null;
    if (table.hasAutoParititonSeqName()) {
      autoPartitionSeqName = table.getAutoParititonSeqName();
    }
    boolean isAppendOnlySchema = false;
    if (table.hasIsAppendOnlySchema()) {
      isAppendOnlySchema = table.getIsAppendOnlySchema();
    }
    // For backward compatibility. Clients older than 4.10 will always have non-encoded immutable
    // tables.
    ImmutableStorageScheme storageScheme = ImmutableStorageScheme.ONE_CELL_PER_COLUMN;
    if (table.hasStorageScheme()) {
      storageScheme =
        ImmutableStorageScheme.fromSerializedValue(table.getStorageScheme().toByteArray()[0]);
    }
    // For backward compatibility. Clients older than 4.10 will always have non-encoded qualifiers.
    QualifierEncodingScheme qualifierEncodingScheme =
      QualifierEncodingScheme.NON_ENCODED_QUALIFIERS;
    if (table.hasEncodingScheme()) {
      qualifierEncodingScheme =
        QualifierEncodingScheme.fromSerializedValue(table.getEncodingScheme().toByteArray()[0]);
    }
    EncodedCQCounter encodedColumnQualifierCounter;
    if (
      (!EncodedColumnsUtil.usesEncodedColumnNames(qualifierEncodingScheme)
        || tableType == PTableType.VIEW)
    ) {
      encodedColumnQualifierCounter = PTable.EncodedCQCounter.NULL_COUNTER;
    } else {
      encodedColumnQualifierCounter = new EncodedCQCounter();
      if (table.getEncodedCQCountersList() != null) {
        for (org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.PTableProtos.EncodedCQCounter cqCounterFromProto : table
          .getEncodedCQCountersList()) {
          encodedColumnQualifierCounter.setValue(cqCounterFromProto.getColFamily(),
            cqCounterFromProto.getCounter());
        }
      }
    }
    Boolean useStatsForParallelization = null;
    if (table.hasUseStatsForParallelization()) {
      useStatsForParallelization = table.getUseStatsForParallelization();
    }

    // for older clients just use the value of the properties that are set on the view
    boolean viewModifiedUpdateCacheFrequency = true;
    boolean viewModifiedUseStatsForParallelization = true;
    if (table.hasViewModifiedUpdateCacheFrequency()) {
      viewModifiedUpdateCacheFrequency = table.getViewModifiedUpdateCacheFrequency();
    }
    if (table.hasViewModifiedUseStatsForParallelization()) {
      viewModifiedUseStatsForParallelization = table.getViewModifiedUseStatsForParallelization();
    }
    Long lastDDLTimestamp = null;
    if (table.hasLastDDLTimestamp()) {
      lastDDLTimestamp = table.getLastDDLTimestamp();
    }
    boolean isChangeDetectionEnabled = false;
    if (table.hasChangeDetectionEnabled()) {
      isChangeDetectionEnabled = table.getChangeDetectionEnabled();
    }
    boolean isStrictTTL = DEFAULT_IS_STRICT_TTL;
    if (table.hasIsStrictTTL()) {
      isStrictTTL = table.getIsStrictTTL();
    }
    String schemaVersion = null;
    if (table.hasSchemaVersion()) {
      schemaVersion = (String) PVarchar.INSTANCE.toObject(table.getSchemaVersion().toByteArray());
    }
    String externalSchemaId = null;
    if (table.hasExternalSchemaId()) {
      externalSchemaId =
        (String) PVarchar.INSTANCE.toObject(table.getExternalSchemaId().toByteArray());
    }
    String streamingTopicName = null;
    if (table.hasStreamingTopicName()) {
      streamingTopicName =
        (String) PVarchar.INSTANCE.toObject(table.getStreamingTopicName().toByteArray());
    }
    String indexWhere = null;
    if (table.hasIndexWhere()) {
      indexWhere = (String) PVarchar.INSTANCE.toObject(table.getIndexWhere().toByteArray());
    }
    String cdcIncludeScopesStr = null;
    if (table.hasCDCIncludeScopes()) {
      cdcIncludeScopesStr = table.getCDCIncludeScopes();
    }

    TTLExpression ttl = TTL_EXPRESSION_NOT_DEFINED;
    if (table.hasTtl()) {
      String ttlExpr = (String) PVarchar.INSTANCE.toObject(table.getTtl().toByteArray());
      ttl = TTLExpressionFactory.create(ttlExpr);
    }

    byte[] rowKeyMatcher = null;
    if (table.hasRowKeyMatcher()) {
      rowKeyMatcher = table.getRowKeyMatcher().toByteArray();
    }
    IndexConsistency indexConsistency = null;
    if (tableType == PTableType.INDEX) {
      if (table.hasIndexConsistency()) {
        indexConsistency = IndexConsistency.valueOf(table.getIndexConsistency());
      } else {
        indexConsistency = null;
      }
    }

    try {
      return new PTableImpl.Builder().setType(tableType).setState(indexState)
        .setTimeStamp(timeStamp).setIndexDisableTimestamp(indexDisableTimestamp)
        .setSequenceNumber(sequenceNumber).setImmutableRows(isImmutableRows)
        .setViewStatement(viewStatement).setDisableWAL(disableWAL).setMultiTenant(multiTenant)
        .setStoreNulls(storeNulls).setViewType(viewType).setViewIndexIdType(viewIndexIdType)
        .setViewIndexId(viewIndexId).setIndexType(indexType).setIndexConsistency(indexConsistency)
        .setTransactionProvider(transactionProvider).setUpdateCacheFrequency(updateCacheFrequency)
        .setNamespaceMapped(isNamespaceMapped).setAutoPartitionSeqName(autoPartitionSeqName)
        .setAppendOnlySchema(isAppendOnlySchema)
        // null check for backward compatibility and sanity. If any of the two below is null,
        // then it means the table is a non-encoded table.
        .setImmutableStorageScheme(
          storageScheme == null ? ImmutableStorageScheme.ONE_CELL_PER_COLUMN : storageScheme)
        .setQualifierEncodingScheme(qualifierEncodingScheme == null
          ? QualifierEncodingScheme.NON_ENCODED_QUALIFIERS
          : qualifierEncodingScheme)
        .setBaseColumnCount(baseColumnCount).setEncodedCQCounter(encodedColumnQualifierCounter)
        .setUseStatsForParallelization(useStatsForParallelization)
        .setExcludedColumns(ImmutableList.of()).setTenantId(tenantId).setSchemaName(schemaName)
        .setTableName(tableName).setPhysicalTableName(physicalTableName).setPkName(pkName)
        .setDefaultFamilyName(defaultFamilyName).setRowKeyOrderOptimizable(rowKeyOrderOptimizable)
        .setBucketNum((bucketNum == NO_SALTING) ? null : bucketNum)
        .setIndexes(indexes == null ? Collections.emptyList() : indexes)
        .setTransformingNewTable(transformingNewTable).setParentSchemaName(parentSchemaName)
        .setParentTableName(parentTableName).setBaseTableLogicalName(parentLogicalName)
        .setPhysicalNames(
          physicalNames == null ? ImmutableList.of() : ImmutableList.copyOf(physicalNames))
        .setColumns(columns).setViewModifiedUpdateCacheFrequency(viewModifiedUpdateCacheFrequency)
        .setViewModifiedUseStatsForParallelization(viewModifiedUseStatsForParallelization)
        .setLastDDLTimestamp(lastDDLTimestamp).setIsChangeDetectionEnabled(isChangeDetectionEnabled)
        .setIsStrictTTL(isStrictTTL).setSchemaVersion(schemaVersion)
        .setExternalSchemaId(externalSchemaId).setStreamingTopicName(streamingTopicName)
        .setCDCIncludeScopes(CDCUtil.makeChangeScopeEnumsFromString(cdcIncludeScopesStr))
        .setIndexWhere(indexWhere).setTTL(ttl).setRowKeyMatcher(rowKeyMatcher).build();
    } catch (SQLException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e); // Impossible
    }
  }

  public static PTableProtos.PTable toProto(PTable table) {
    return toProto(table, MetaDataProtocol.MIN_VERSION_ALLOW_VBE_COLUMNS);
  }

  public static PTableProtos.PTable toProto(PTable table, long clientVersion) {
    PTableProtos.PTable.Builder builder = PTableProtos.PTable.newBuilder();
    if (table.getTenantId() != null) {
      builder.setTenantId(ByteStringer.wrap(table.getTenantId().getBytes()));
    }
    builder.setSchemaNameBytes(ByteStringer.wrap(table.getSchemaName().getBytes()));
    builder.setTableNameBytes(ByteStringer.wrap(table.getTableName().getBytes()));
    if (table.getPhysicalName(true) == null) {
      builder.setPhysicalTableNameBytes(ByteStringer.wrap(table.getTableName().getBytes()));
    } else {
      builder.setPhysicalTableNameBytes(ByteStringer.wrap(table.getPhysicalName(true).getBytes()));
    }
    builder.setTableType(ProtobufUtil.toPTableTypeProto(table.getType()));
    if (table.getIndexState() != null) {
      builder.setIndexState(table.getIndexState().getSerializedValue());
    }
    if (table.getType() == PTableType.INDEX) {
      if (table.getViewIndexId() != null) {
        builder.setViewIndexId(table.getViewIndexId());
        builder.setViewIndexIdType(table.getviewIndexIdType().getSqlType());
      }
      if (table.getIndexType() != null) {
        builder.setIndexType(
          ByteStringer.wrap(new byte[] { table.getIndexType().getSerializedValue() }));
      }
      if (table.getIndexConsistency() != null) {
        builder.setIndexConsistency(table.getIndexConsistency().name());
      }
    }
    builder.setSequenceNumber(table.getSequenceNumber());
    builder.setTimeStamp(table.getTimeStamp());
    PName tmp = table.getPKName();
    if (tmp != null) {
      builder.setPkNameBytes(ByteStringer.wrap(tmp.getBytes()));
    }
    Integer bucketNum = table.getBucketNum();
    int offset = 0;
    if (bucketNum == null) {
      builder.setBucketNum(NO_SALTING);
    } else {
      offset = 1;
      builder.setBucketNum(bucketNum);
    }
    List<PColumn> columns = table.getColumns();
    int columnSize = columns.size();
    // check whether we need the backward compatibility check.
    boolean checkBackwardCompatibility =
      (clientVersion < MetaDataProtocol.MIN_VERSION_ALLOW_VBE_COLUMNS) && (table.getSchemaName()
        .getString().equalsIgnoreCase(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SYSTEM_SCHEMA_NAME));
    if (checkBackwardCompatibility) {
      for (int i = offset; i < columnSize; i++) {
        PColumn column = columns.get(i);
        builder.addColumns(PColumnImpl
          .toProto(getBackwardCompatibleColumn(column, table.getTableName().getString())));
      }
    } else {
      for (int i = offset; i < columnSize; i++) {
        PColumn column = columns.get(i);
        builder.addColumns(PColumnImpl.toProto(column));
      }
    }
    List<PTable> indexes = table.getIndexes();
    for (PTable curIndex : indexes) {
      builder.addIndexes(toProto(curIndex, clientVersion));
    }
    PTable transformingNewTable = table.getTransformingNewTable();
    if (transformingNewTable != null) {
      builder.setTransformingNewTable(toProto(transformingNewTable, clientVersion));
    }
    builder.setIsImmutableRows(table.isImmutableRows());
    // TODO remove this field in 5.0 release
    if (table.getParentName() != null) {
      builder.setDataTableNameBytes(ByteStringer.wrap(table.getParentTableName().getBytes()));
    }
    if (table.getParentName() != null) {
      builder.setParentNameBytes(ByteStringer.wrap(table.getParentName().getBytes()));
    }
    if (table.getBaseTableLogicalName() != null) {
      builder.setBaseTableLogicalNameBytes(
        ByteStringer.wrap(table.getBaseTableLogicalName().getBytes()));
    }
    if (table.getDefaultFamilyName() != null) {
      builder.setDefaultFamilyName(ByteStringer.wrap(table.getDefaultFamilyName().getBytes()));
    }
    builder.setDisableWAL(table.isWALDisabled());
    builder.setMultiTenant(table.isMultiTenant());
    builder.setStoreNulls(table.getStoreNulls());
    if (table.getTransactionProvider() != null) {
      builder.setTransactionProvider(table.getTransactionProvider().getCode());
    }
    if (table.getType() == PTableType.VIEW) {
      builder
        .setViewType(ByteStringer.wrap(new byte[] { table.getViewType().getSerializedValue() }));
    }
    if (table.getViewStatement() != null) {
      builder
        .setViewStatement(ByteStringer.wrap(PVarchar.INSTANCE.toBytes(table.getViewStatement())));
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < table.getPhysicalNames().size(); i++) {
      builder.addPhysicalNames(ByteStringer.wrap(table.getPhysicalNames().get(i).getBytes()));
    }
    builder.setBaseColumnCount(table.getBaseColumnCount());
    builder.setRowKeyOrderOptimizable(table.rowKeyOrderOptimizable());
    builder.setUpdateCacheFrequency(table.getUpdateCacheFrequency());
    builder.setIndexDisableTimestamp(table.getIndexDisableTimestamp());
    builder.setIsNamespaceMapped(table.isNamespaceMapped());
    if (table.getAutoPartitionSeqName() != null) {
      builder.setAutoParititonSeqName(table.getAutoPartitionSeqName());
    }
    builder.setIsAppendOnlySchema(table.isAppendOnlySchema());
    if (table.getImmutableStorageScheme() != null) {
      builder.setStorageScheme(ByteStringer
        .wrap(new byte[] { table.getImmutableStorageScheme().getSerializedMetadataValue() }));
    }
    if (table.getEncodedCQCounter() != null) {
      Map<String, Integer> values = table.getEncodedCQCounter().values();
      for (Entry<String, Integer> cqCounter : values.entrySet()) {
        org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.PTableProtos.EncodedCQCounter.Builder cqBuilder =
          org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.PTableProtos.EncodedCQCounter.newBuilder();
        cqBuilder.setColFamily(cqCounter.getKey());
        cqBuilder.setCounter(cqCounter.getValue());
        builder.addEncodedCQCounters(cqBuilder.build());
      }
    }
    if (table.getEncodingScheme() != null) {
      builder.setEncodingScheme(
        ByteStringer.wrap(new byte[] { table.getEncodingScheme().getSerializedMetadataValue() }));
    }
    if (table.useStatsForParallelization() != null) {
      builder.setUseStatsForParallelization(table.useStatsForParallelization());
    }
    builder.setViewModifiedUpdateCacheFrequency(table.hasViewModifiedUpdateCacheFrequency());
    builder
      .setViewModifiedUseStatsForParallelization(table.hasViewModifiedUseStatsForParallelization());
    if (table.getLastDDLTimestamp() != null) {
      builder.setLastDDLTimestamp(table.getLastDDLTimestamp());
    }
    builder.setChangeDetectionEnabled(table.isChangeDetectionEnabled());
    builder.setIsStrictTTL(table.isStrictTTL());
    if (table.getSchemaVersion() != null) {
      builder
        .setSchemaVersion(ByteStringer.wrap(PVarchar.INSTANCE.toBytes(table.getSchemaVersion())));
    }
    if (table.getExternalSchemaId() != null) {
      builder.setExternalSchemaId(
        ByteStringer.wrap(PVarchar.INSTANCE.toBytes(table.getExternalSchemaId())));
    }
    if (table.getStreamingTopicName() != null) {
      builder.setStreamingTopicName(
        ByteStringer.wrap(PVarchar.INSTANCE.toBytes(table.getStreamingTopicName())));
    }
    if (table.getIndexWhere() != null) {
      builder.setIndexWhere(ByteStringer.wrap(PVarchar.INSTANCE.toBytes(table.getIndexWhere())));
    }
    builder.setCDCIncludeScopes(CDCUtil.makeChangeScopeStringFromEnums(
      table.getCDCIncludeScopes() != null ? table.getCDCIncludeScopes() : Collections.EMPTY_SET));
    if (table.getTTLExpression() != null) {
      builder.setTtl(
        ByteStringer.wrap(PVarchar.INSTANCE.toBytes(table.getTTLExpression().getTTLExpression())));
    }
    if (table.getRowKeyMatcher() != null) {
      builder.setRowKeyMatcher(ByteStringer.wrap(table.getRowKeyMatcher()));
    }
    return builder.build();
  }

  @Override
  public PTableKey getKey() {
    return key;
  }

  @Override
  public PName getParentSchemaName() {
    // a view on a table will not have a parent name but will have a physical table name (which is
    // the parent)
    return (type != PTableType.VIEW || parentName != null)
      ? parentSchemaName
      : PNameFactory.newName(SchemaUtil.getSchemaNameFromFullName(getPhysicalName().getBytes()));
  }

  @Override
  public TransactionFactory.Provider getTransactionProvider() {
    return transactionProvider;
  }

  @Override
  public final boolean isTransactional() {
    return transactionProvider != null;
  }

  @Override
  public int getBaseColumnCount() {
    return baseColumnCount;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean rowKeyOrderOptimizable() {
    return rowKeyOrderOptimizable || !hasColumnsRequiringUpgrade;
  }

  @Override
  public int getRowTimestampColPos() {
    return rowTimestampColPos;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isNamespaceMapped() {
    return isNamespaceMapped;
  }

  @Override
  public String getAutoPartitionSeqName() {
    return autoPartitionSeqName;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isAppendOnlySchema() {
    return isAppendOnlySchema;
  }

  @Override
  public int hashCode() {
    final int prime = 31;
    int result = 1;
    result = prime * result + ((key == null) ? 0 : key.hashCode());
    return result;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean equals(Object obj) {
    if (this == obj) return true;
    if (obj == null) return false;
    if (!(obj instanceof PTable)) return false;
    PTable other = (PTable) obj;
    if (key == null) {
      if (other.getKey() != null) return false;
    } else if (!key.equals(other.getKey())) return false;
    return true;
  }

  @Override
  public ImmutableStorageScheme getImmutableStorageScheme() {
    return immutableStorageScheme;
  }

  @Override
  public EncodedCQCounter getEncodedCQCounter() {
    return encodedCQCounter;
  }

  @Override
  public QualifierEncodingScheme getEncodingScheme() {
    return qualifierEncodingScheme;
  }

  @Override
  public Boolean useStatsForParallelization() {
    return useStatsForParallelization;
  }

  @Override
  public TTLExpression getTTLExpression() {
    return ttl;
  }

  @Override
  public CompiledTTLExpression getCompiledTTLExpression(PhoenixConnection connection)
    throws SQLException {
    return ttl.compileTTLExpression(connection, this);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean hasConditionalTTL() {
    return ttl instanceof ConditionalTTLExpression;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean hasViewModifiedUpdateCacheFrequency() {
    return viewModifiedPropSet.get(VIEW_MODIFIED_UPDATE_CACHE_FREQUENCY_BIT_SET_POS);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean hasViewModifiedUseStatsForParallelization() {
    return viewModifiedPropSet.get(VIEW_MODIFIED_USE_STATS_FOR_PARALLELIZATION_BIT_SET_POS);
  }

  @Override
  public Long getLastDDLTimestamp() {
    return lastDDLTimestamp;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isChangeDetectionEnabled() {
    return isChangeDetectionEnabled;
  }

  @Override
  public String getSchemaVersion() {
    return schemaVersion;
  }

  @Override
  public String getExternalSchemaId() {
    return externalSchemaId;
  }

  @Override
  public String getStreamingTopicName() {
    return streamingTopicName;
  }

  @Override
  public Set<CDCChangeScope> getCDCIncludeScopes() {
    return cdcIncludeScopes;
  }

  @Override
  public String getIndexWhere() {
    return indexWhere;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isStrictTTL() {
    return isStrictTTL;
  }

  @Override
  public Map<PTableKey, Long> getAncestorLastDDLTimestampMap() {
    return ancestorLastDDLTimestampMap;
  }

  // Helper method for creating backward compatible PColumn object for columns that introduced the
  // VARBINARY_ENCODED field in release version 5.3.0.
  // Without this adjustment the older clients would get the following exception -
  // "Error: org.apache.phoenix.schema.IllegalDataException: java.sql.SQLException:
  // ERROR 201 (22000): Illegal data. Unsupported sql type: VARBINARY_ENCODED"
  // The following columns were introduced as part of the 5.3.0 release
  // SYSTEM.CATALOG.ROW_KEY_MATCHER
  // SYSTEM.CDC_STREAM.PARTITION_START_KEY
  // SYSTEM.CDC_STREAM.PARTITION_END_KEY
  private static PColumn getBackwardCompatibleColumn(PColumn column, String tableName) {

    // SYSTEM.CATALOG.ROW_KEY_MATCHER
    if (
      (tableName.equalsIgnoreCase(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SYSTEM_CATALOG_TABLE)
        && column.getName().getString().equalsIgnoreCase(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.ROW_KEY_MATCHER))
        // SYSTEM.CDC_STREAM.PARTITION_START_KEY
        || (tableName.equalsIgnoreCase(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SYSTEM_CDC_STREAM_TABLE) && column
          .getName().getString().equalsIgnoreCase(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.PARTITION_START_KEY))
        // SYSTEM.CDC_STREAM.PARTITION_END_KEY
        || (tableName.equalsIgnoreCase(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SYSTEM_CDC_STREAM_TABLE) && column
          .getName().getString().equalsIgnoreCase(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.PARTITION_END_KEY))
    ) {
      return new PColumnImpl(column.getName(), column.getFamilyName(), PVarbinary.INSTANCE,
        column.getMaxLength(), column.getScale(), column.isNullable(), column.getPosition(),
        column.getSortOrder(), column.getArraySize(), column.getViewConstant(),
        column.isViewReferenced(), column.getExpressionStr(), column.isRowTimestamp(),
        column.isDynamic(), column.getColumnQualifierBytes(), column.getTimestamp());
    }
    return column;
  }

  private void buildIndexWhereExpression(PhoenixConnection connection) throws SQLException {
    // escape the full table name to be able to compile the select query in case tablename had
    // lowercase characters
    PhoenixPreparedStatement pstmt = new PhoenixPreparedStatement(connection,
      "select * from "
        + SchemaUtil.getEscapedTableName(parentSchemaName.getString(), parentTableName.getString())
        + " where " + indexWhere);
    QueryPlan plan = pstmt.compileQuery();
    ParseNode where = plan.getStatement().getWhere();
    plan.getContext().setResolver(FromCompiler.getResolver(plan.getTableRef()));
    indexWhereExpression = transformDNF(where, plan.getContext());
    indexWhereColumns =
      Sets.newHashSetWithExpectedSize(plan.getContext().getWhereConditionColumns().size());
    for (Pair<byte[], byte[]> column : plan.getContext().getWhereConditionColumns()) {
      indexWhereColumns.add(new ColumnReference(column.getFirst(), column.getSecond()));
    }
  }

  @Override
  public Expression getIndexWhereExpression(PhoenixConnection connection) throws SQLException {
    if (indexWhereExpression == null && indexWhere != null) {
      buildIndexWhereExpression(connection);
    }
    return indexWhereExpression;
  }

  @Override
  public Set<ColumnReference> getIndexWhereColumns(PhoenixConnection connection)
    throws SQLException {
    if (indexWhereColumns == null && indexWhere != null) {
      buildIndexWhereExpression(connection);
    }
    return indexWhereColumns;
  }

  @Override
  public byte[] getRowKeyMatcher() {
    return rowKeyMatcher;
  }

  private static final class KVColumnFamilyQualifier {
    @Nonnull
    private final String colFamilyName;
    @Nonnull
    private final byte[] colQualifier;

    public KVColumnFamilyQualifier(String colFamilyName, byte[] colQualifier) {
      Preconditions.checkArgument(colFamilyName != null && colQualifier != null,
        "None of the arguments, column family name or column qualifier can be null");
      this.colFamilyName = colFamilyName;
      this.colQualifier = colQualifier;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
      final int prime = 31;
      int result = 1;
      result = prime * result + colFamilyName.hashCode();
      result = prime * result + Arrays.hashCode(colQualifier);
      return result;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
      if (this == obj) return true;
      if (obj == null) return false;
      if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false;
      KVColumnFamilyQualifier other = (KVColumnFamilyQualifier) obj;
      if (!colFamilyName.equals(other.colFamilyName)) return false;
      if (!Arrays.equals(colQualifier, other.colQualifier)) return false;
      return true;
    }

  }

  @Override
  public Map<String, String> getPropertyValues() {
    return Collections.unmodifiableMap(propertyValues);
  }

  @Override
  public Map<String, String> getDefaultPropertyValues() {
    Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
    map.put(DISABLE_WAL, String.valueOf(DEFAULT_DISABLE_WAL));
    map.put(IMMUTABLE_ROWS, String.valueOf(DEFAULT_IMMUTABLE_ROWS));
    map.put(IS_STRICT_TTL, String.valueOf(DEFAULT_IS_STRICT_TTL));
    map.put(TRANSACTION_PROVIDER, DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_PROVIDER);
    map.put(IMMUTABLE_STORAGE_SCHEME, DEFAULT_IMMUTABLE_STORAGE_SCHEME);
    map.put(COLUMN_ENCODED_BYTES, String.valueOf(DEFAULT_COLUMN_ENCODED_BYTES));
    map.put(UPDATE_CACHE_FREQUENCY, String.valueOf(DEFAULT_UPDATE_CACHE_FREQUENCY));
    map.put(USE_STATS_FOR_PARALLELIZATION, String.valueOf(DEFAULT_USE_STATS_FOR_PARALLELIZATION));
    map.put(TRANSACTIONAL, String.valueOf(DEFAULT_TRANSACTIONAL));
    map.put(MULTI_TENANT, String.valueOf(DEFAULT_MULTI_TENANT));
    map.put(SALT_BUCKETS, String.valueOf(DEFAULT_SALT_BUCKETS));
    map.put(DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_NAME, String.valueOf(DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY));
    return Collections.unmodifiableMap(map);
  }

}
