NAME
r.in.gdal - Import GDAL supported raster file into a binary raster map layer.
KEYWORDS
raster
SYNOPSIS
r.in.gdal
r.in.gdal help
r.in.gdal [-oefk] input=string output=name [band=integer] [target=string] [title="phrase"] [location=string] [--overwrite]
Flags:
- -o
- Override projection (use location's projection)
- -e
- Extend location extents based on new dataset
- -f
- List supported formats then exit
- -k
- Keep band numbers instead of using band color names
- --overwrite
- Force overwrite of output files
Parameters:
- input=string
- Raster file to be imported
- output=name
- Name for output raster map
- band=integer
- Band to select (default is all bands)
- target=string
- Name of location to read projection from for GCPs transformation
- title="phrase"
- Title for resultant raster map
- location=string
- Name for new location to create
DESCRIPTION
r.in.gdal allows a user to create a (binary) GRASS raster map layer,
or imagery group,
from any GDAL supported raster map format, with an optional title. The
imported file may also be optionally used to create a new location.
GDAL supported raster formats
Full details on GDAL supported formats are available at:
http://www.gdal.org/formats_list.html
Selected formats of more than 40 supported formats:
Long Format Name |
Code |
Creation |
Georeferencing |
Maximum file size |
Arc/Info ASCII Grid
|
AAIGrid
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No limits
|
Arc/Info Binary Grid (.adf)
|
AIG
|
No
|
Yes
|
--
|
AIRSAR Polarimetric
|
AIRSAR
|
No
|
No
|
--
|
Microsoft Windows Device Independent Bitmap (.bmp)
|
BMP
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
4GiB
|
BSB Nautical Chart Format (.kap)
|
BSB
|
No
|
Yes
|
--
|
VTP Binary Terrain Format (.bt)
|
BT
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
--
|
CEOS (Spot for instance)
|
CEOS
|
No
|
No
|
--
|
First Generation USGS DOQ (.doq)
|
DOQ1
|
No
|
Yes
|
--
|
New Labelled USGS DOQ (.doq)
|
DOQ2
|
No
|
Yes
|
--
|
Military Elevation Data (.dt0, .dt1)
|
DTED
|
No
|
Yes
|
--
|
ERMapper Compressed Wavelets (.ecw)
|
ECW
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
ESRI .hdr Labelled
|
EHdr
|
No
|
Yes
|
--
|
ENVI .hdr Labelled Raster
|
ENVI
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No limits
|
Envisat Image Product (.n1)
|
Envisat
|
No
|
No
|
--
|
EOSAT FAST Format
|
FAST
|
No
|
Yes
|
--
|
FITS (.fits)
|
FITS
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Graphics Interchange Format (.gif)
|
GIF
|
Yes
|
No
|
2GB
|
Arc/Info Binary Grid (.adf)
|
GIO
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
GRASS Rasters
|
GRASS
|
No
|
Yes
|
--
|
TIFF / GeoTIFF (.tif)
|
GTiff
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
4GiB
|
Hierarchical Data Format Release 4 (HDF4)
|
HDF4
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
2GiB
|
Erdas Imagine (.img)
|
HFA
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No limits
|
Atlantis MFF2e
|
HKV
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No limits
|
Image Display and Analysis (WinDisp)
|
IDA
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
2GB
|
ILWIS Raster Map (.mpr,.mpl)
|
ILWIS
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
--
|
Japanese DEM (.mem)
|
JDEM
|
No
|
Yes
|
--
|
JPEG JFIF (.jpg)
|
JPEG
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
4GiB (max dimentions 65500x65500)
|
JPEG2000 (.jp2, .j2k)
|
JPEG2000
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
2GiB
|
JPEG2000 (.jp2, .j2k)
|
JP2KAK
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No limits
|
NOAA Polar Orbiter Level 1b Data Set (AVHRR)
|
L1B
|
No
|
Yes
|
--
|
Erdas 7.x .LAN and .GIS
|
LAN
|
No
|
Yes
|
2GB
|
In Memory Raster
|
MEM
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
2GiB
|
Atlantis MFF
|
MFF
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No limits
|
Multi-resolution Seamless Image Database
|
MrSID
|
No
|
Yes
|
--
|
NDF
|
NLAPS Data Format
|
No
|
Yes
|
No limits
|
NITF
|
NITF
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
NetCDF
|
netCDF
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
2GB
|
OGDI Bridge
|
OGDI
|
No
|
Yes
|
--
|
PCI .aux Labelled
|
PAux
|
Yes
|
No
|
No limits
|
PCI Geomatics Database File
|
PCIDSK
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No limits
|
Portable Network Graphics (.png)
|
PNG
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
PCRaster (.map)
|
PCRaster
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Netpbm (.ppm,.pgm)
|
PNM
|
Yes
|
No
|
No limits
|
RadarSat2 XML (product.xml)
|
RS2
|
No
|
Yes
|
4GB
|
USGS SDTS DEM (*CATD.DDF)
|
SDTS
|
No
|
Yes
|
--
|
SAR CEOS
|
SAR_CEOS
|
No
|
Yes
|
--
|
USGS ASCII DEM (.dem)
|
USGSDEM
|
No
|
Yes
|
--
|
X11 Pixmap (.xpm)
|
XPM
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
Location Creation
r.in.gdal attempts to preserve projection information when importing
datasets if the source format includes projection information, and if
the GDAL driver supports it. If the projection of the source dataset does
not match the projection of the current location r.in.gdal will
report an error message (Projection of dataset does not appear to
match current location) and then report the PROJ_INFO parameters of
the source dataset.
If the user wishes to ignore the difference between the apparent coordinate
system of the source data and the current location, they may pass the
-o flag to override the projection check.
If the user wishes to import the data with the full projection definition,
it is possible to have r.in.gdal automatically create a new location based
on the projection and extents of the file being read. This is accomplished
by passing the name to be used for the new location via the location
parameter. Upon completion of the command, a new location will have been
created (with only a PERMANENT mapset), and the raster will have been
imported with the indicated output name into the PERMANENT mapset.
Support for GCPs: In case the image contains GCPs they are written to a
POINTS file within an imagery group. They can directly be used for
i.rectify. The target option allows to
automatically re-project the GCPs from their own projection into another
projection read from the PROJ_INFO file of the location name
target.
NOTES
I plan to make a variety of improvements to r.in.gdal in the future
including support for reporting everything known about a dataset if the
output parameter is not set.
The r.in.gdal comand does support the following features, as long as
the underlying format driver supports it:
- Color Table
- Bands with associated colortables will have the color tables transferred.
Note that if the source has no colormap, r.in.gdal in GRASS 5.0 will emit
no colormap. Use r.colors map=... color=grey to assign a greyscale colormap.
In a future version of GRASS r.in.gdal will likely be upgraded to automatically
emit greyscale colormaps.
- Data Types
- Most GDAL data types are supported. Float32 and Float64 type bands
are translated as GRASS floating point cells (but not double precision ...
this could be added if needed), and most other types are translated as
GRASS integer cells. This includes 16bit integer data sources. Complex
(some SAR signal data formats) data bands are translated to two floating
point cell layers (*.real and *.imaginary).
- Georeferencing
- If the dataset has affine georeferencing information, this will be used
to set the north, south, east and west edges. Rotational coefficients will
be ignored, resulting in incorrect positioning for rotated datasets.
- Projection
- The datasets projection will be used to compare to the current location
or to define a new location. Internally GDAL represents projections in
OpenGIS Well Known Text format. A large subset of the total set of GRASS
projections are supported.
- Null Values
- Raster bands for which a null value is recognised by GDAL will have
the null pixels transformed into GRASS style nulls during import. Many
generic formats (and formats poorly supported by GDAL) do not have a way
of recognising null pixels in which case r.null should be used after the
import.
- GCPs
- Datasets that have Ground Control Points will have them imported as
a POINTS file associated with the imagery group. Datasets with only one
band that would otherwise have been translated as a simple raster map
will also have an associated imagery group if there are ground control points.
The coordinate system of the ground control points is reported by r.in.gdal
but not preserved. It is up to the user to ensure that the location
established with i.target has a compatible coordinate system before using
the points with i.rectify.
EXAMPLES
GTOPO30 DEM
To avoid that the GTOPO30 data are read incorrectly, you can add a new line
"PIXELTYPE SIGNEDINT" in the .HDR to force interpretation of the file as
signed rather than unsigned integers. Then the .DEM file can be imported.
Finally, e.g. the 'terrain' color table can be assigned to the imported map
with r.colors.
GLOBE DEM
To import GLOBE DEM tiles
(approx 1km resolution, better than GTOPO30 DEM data), the user has to download
additionally the related HDR file(s).
Finally, e.g. the 'terrain' color table can be assigned to the imported map with r.colors.
Worldclim.org
To import Worldclim data, the following
line has to be added to each .hdr file:
HDF
The import of HDF bands requires the specification of the individual bands
as seen by GDAL:
# Example MODIS FPAR
gdalinfo MOD15A2.A2003153.h18v04.004.2003171141042.hdf
...
Subdatasets:
SUBDATASET_1_NAME=HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD15A2.A2003153.h18v04.004.2003171141042.hdf":MOD_Grid_MOD15A2:Fpar_1km
SUBDATASET_1_DESC=[1200x1200] Fpar_1km MOD_Grid_MOD15A2 (8-bit unsigned integer)
SUBDATASET_2_NAME=HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD15A2.A2003153.h18v04.004.2003171141042.hdf":MOD_Grid_MOD15A2:Lai_1km
SUBDATASET_2_DESC=[1200x1200] Lai_1km MOD_Grid_MOD15A2 (8-bit unsigned integer)
...
# import of first band, here FPAR 1km:
r.in.gdal HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD15A2.A2003153.h18v04.004.2003171141042.hdf":MOD_Grid_MOD15A2:Fpar_1km \
out=fpar_1km_2003_06_02
# ... likewise for other HDF bands in the file.
NOTES
"ERROR: Input map is rotated - cannot import."
In this case the image must be first externally rotated, applying the rotation info stored in
the metadata field of the raster image file. For example, the
gdalwarp software can be used
to transform the map to North-up (note, there are several gdalwarp parameters to select the
resampling algorithm):
gdalwarp rotated.tif northup.tif
SEE ALSO
r.colors,
r.in.ascii,
r.in.arc,
r.in.bin,
r.null
REFERENCES
GDAL Pages: http://www.gdal.org/
AUTHOR
Frank Warmerdam (email).
Last changed: $Date: 2007/07/17 15:22:30 $
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