NAME
r.futures.pga - Wrapper for r.futures.simulation to ensure backwards compatibility.
Simulates landuse change using FUTure Urban-Regional Environment Simulation (FUTURES).
KEYWORDS
raster,
patch growing,
urban,
landscape,
modeling
SYNOPSIS
r.futures.pga
r.futures.pga --help
r.futures.pga [-s] developed=name subregions=name [subregions_potential=name] predictors=name[,name,...] development_pressure=name n_dev_neighbourhood=integer development_pressure_approach=string gamma=float scaling_factor=float output=name [output_series=basename] devpot_params=name demand=name [separator=character] patch_sizes=name num_neighbors=integer discount_factor=float seed_search=string compactness_mean=float compactness_range=float [num_steps=integer] [potential_weight=name] [incentive_power=float] [random_seed=integer] [memory=float] [--overwrite] [--help] [--verbose] [--quiet] [--ui]
Flags:
- -s
- Generate random seed (result is non-deterministic)
- Automatically generates random seed for random number generator (use when you don't want to provide the seed option)
- --overwrite
- Allow output files to overwrite existing files
- --help
- Print usage summary
- --verbose
- Verbose module output
- --quiet
- Quiet module output
- --ui
- Force launching GUI dialog
Parameters:
- developed=name [required]
- Raster map of developed areas (=1), undeveloped (=0) and excluded (no data)
- subregions=name [required]
- Raster map of subregions
- subregions_potential=name
- Raster map of subregions used with potential file
- If not specified, the raster specified in subregions parameter is used
- predictors=name[,name,...] [required]
- Names of predictor variable raster maps
- Listed in the same order as in the development potential table
- development_pressure=name [required]
- Raster map of development pressure
- n_dev_neighbourhood=integer [required]
- Size of square used to recalculate development pressure
- development_pressure_approach=string [required]
- Approaches to derive development pressure
- Options: occurrence, gravity, kernel
- Default: gravity
- gamma=float [required]
- Influence of distance between neighboring cells
- scaling_factor=float [required]
- Scaling factor of development pressure
- output=name [required]
- State of the development at the end of simulation
- output_series=basename
- Basename for raster maps of development generated after each step
- Name for output basename raster map(s)
- devpot_params=name [required]
- CSV file with development potential parameters for each region
- Each line should contain region ID followed by parameters (intercepts, development pressure, other predictors). First line is ignored, so it can be used for header
- demand=name [required]
- CSV file with number of cells to convert for each step and subregion
- separator=character
- Field separator
- Separator used in input CSV files
- Default: comma
- patch_sizes=name [required]
- File containing list of patch sizes to use
- num_neighbors=integer [required]
- The number of neighbors to be used for patch generation (4 or 8)
- Options: 4, 8
- Default: 4
- discount_factor=float [required]
- Discount factor of patch size
- seed_search=string [required]
- The way location of a seed is determined (1: uniform distribution 2: development probability)
- Options: random, probability
- Default: probability
- compactness_mean=float [required]
- Mean value of patch compactness to control patch shapes
- compactness_range=float [required]
- Range of patch compactness to control patch shapes
- num_steps=integer
- Number of steps to be simulated
- potential_weight=name
- Raster map of weights altering development potential
- Values need to be between -1 and 1, where negative locally reducesprobability and positive increases probability.
- incentive_power=float
- Exponent to transform probability values p to p^x to simulate infill vs. sprawl
- Values > 1 encourage infill, < 1 urban sprawl
- Options: 0-10
- Default: 1
- random_seed=integer
- Seed for random number generator
- The same seed can be used to obtain same results or random seed can be generated by other means.
- memory=float
- Memory in GB
Module
r.futures.pga was renamed to
r.futures.simulation.
This module is only a wrapper for
r.futures.simulation to keep backwards compatibility.
-
Meentemeyer, R. K., Tang, W., Dorning, M. A., Vogler, J. B., Cunniffe, N. J., & Shoemaker, D. A. (2013).
FUTURES: Multilevel Simulations of Emerging Urban-Rural Landscape Structure Using a Stochastic Patch-Growing Algorithm.
Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 103(4), 785-807.
DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2012.707591
-
Dorning, M. A., Koch, J., Shoemaker, D. A., & Meentemeyer, R. K. (2015).
Simulating urbanization scenarios reveals tradeoffs between conservation planning strategies.
Landscape and Urban Planning, 136, 28-39.
DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.11.011
-
Petrasova, A., Petras, V., Van Berkel, D., Harmon, B. A., Mitasova, H., & Meentemeyer, R. K. (2016).
Open Source Approach to Urban Growth Simulation.
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLI-B7, 953-959.
DOI: 10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B7-953-2016
-
Sanchez, G.M., A. Petrasova, A., M.M. Skrip, E.L. Collins, M.A. Lawrimore,
J.B. Vogler, A. Terando, J. Vukomanovic, H. Mitasova, and R.K. Meentemeyer (2023).
Spatially interactive modeling of land change identifies location-specific adaptations most likely to lower future flood risk.
Sci Rep 13, 18869.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46195-9
FUTURES,
r.futures.simulation,
r.futures.parallelpga,
r.futures.devpressure,
r.futures.potential,
r.futures.potsurface,
r.futures.demand,
r.futures.calib,
r.futures.gridvalidation,
r.futures.validation,
r.sample.category
Corresponding author:
Anna Petrasova, akratoc ncsu edu,
Center for Geospatial Analytics, NCSU
Original standalone version:
Ross K. Meentemeyer,
Wenwu Tang,
Monica A. Dorning,
John B. Vogler,
Nik J. Cunniffe,
Douglas A. Shoemaker
(Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, UNC Charlotte)
Jennifer A. Koch
(Center for Geospatial Analytics, NCSU)
Port to GRASS and GRASS-specific additions:
Vaclav Petras,
NCSU GeoForAll
Development pressure, demand, calibration, validation, preprocessing tools and maintenance:
Anna Petrasova,
NCSU GeoForAll
Climate forcing submodel:
Anna Petrasova,
NCSU GeoForAll
Georgina Sanchez,
Center for Geospatial Analytics, NCSU
Zoning:
Margaret Lawrimore,
Center for Geospatial Analytics, NCSU
Anna Petrasova,
NCSU GeoForAll
SOURCE CODE
Available at:
r.futures.pga source code
(history)
Latest change: Friday Apr 17 16:26:46 2026 in commit: bc11ef4ff4ec4adc9e7936158549a9868d09a1d9
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