GRASS GIS 6.5.svn Reference Manual: Full index

Note: This document is for an older version of GRASS GIS that is outdated. You should upgrade, and read the current manual page.

GRASS GIS 6.5.svn Reference Manual

Geographic Resources Analysis Support System, commonly referred to as GRASS, is a Geographic Information System (GIS) used for geospatial data management and analysis, image processing, graphics/maps production, spatial modeling, and visualization. GRASS is currently used in academic and commercial settings around the world, as well as by many governmental agencies and environmental consulting companies.

This reference manual details the use of modules distributed with Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS), an open source (GNU GPL'ed), image processing and geographic information system (GIS).

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Full command index:

[ d.* | db.* | g.* | i.* | m.* | ps.* | r.* | r3.* | v.* ]

d.*	display commands
db.*	database commands
g.*	general commands
i.*	imagery commands
m.*	miscellaneous commands
ps.*	postscript commands
r.*	raster commands
r3.*	raster3D commands
v.*	vector commands
gis.m	GUI frontend to GIS menus and display
nviz	visualization suite
wxGUI	wxPython-based GUI frontend
xganim	raster map slideshow

d.* commands:

d.ask	Prompts the user to select a GRASS data base file from among files displayed in a menu on the graphics monitor.
d.barscale	Displays a barscale on the graphics monitor.
d.colorlist	Output a list of all available display colors with a configurable separator (default is comma).
d.colors	Allows the user to interactively change the color table of a raster map layer displayed on the graphics monitor.
d.colortable	Displays the color table associated with a raster map layer.
d.correlate	Prints a graph of the correlation between raster maps (in pairs).
d.erase	Erase the contents of the active display frame with user defined color
d.extend	Sets window region so that all currently displayed raster and vector maps can be shown in a monitor.
d.extract	Selects and extracts vectors with mouse into new vector map.
d.font	Selects the font in which text will be displayed on the user's graphics monitor.
d.frame	Manages display frames on the user's graphics monitor.
d.geodesic	Displays a geodesic line, tracing the shortest distance between two geographic points along a great circle, in a longitude/latitude data set.
d.graph	Program for generating and displaying simple graphics on the display monitor.
d.grid	Overlays a user-specified grid in the active display frame on the graphics monitor.
d.his	Displays the result obtained by combining hue, intensity, and saturation (his) values from user-specified input raster map layers.
d.histogram	Displays a histogram in the form of a pie or bar chart for a user-specified raster map.
d.info	Display information about the active display monitor
d.labels	Displays text labels (created with v.label) to the active frame on the graphics monitor.
d.legend	Displays a legend for a raster map in the active frame of the graphics monitor.
d.linegraph	Generates and displays simple line graphs in the active graphics monitor display frame.
d.mapgraph	Generates and displays simple graphics on map layers drawn in the active graphics monitor display frame.
d.measure	Measures the lengths and areas of features drawn by the user in the active display frame on the graphics monitor.
d.menu	Creates and displays a menu within the active frame on the graphics monitor.
d.m	Display manager for GRASS
d.mon	To establish and control use of a graphics display monitor.
d.monsize	Selects/starts specified monitor at specified size
d.mvmon	Moves displayed maps to another monitor
d.nviz	Creates fly-through script to run in NVIZ.
d.out.file	Saves the contents of the active display monitor to a graphics file.
d.out.gpsdrive	Export display monitor to a GpsDrive compatible backdrop image
d.out.png	Saves active display monitor to PNG file in home directory
d.path	Finds shortest path for selected starting and ending node.
d.polar	Draws polar diagram of angle map such as aspect or flow directions
d.profile	Interactive profile plotting utility with optional output.
d.rast.arrow	Draws arrows representing cell aspect direction for a raster map containing aspect data.
d.rast.edit	Interactively edit cell values in a raster map.
d.rast	Displays user-specified raster map in the active graphics frame.
d.rast.leg	Displays a raster map and its legend on a graphics window
d.rast.num	Overlays cell category values on a raster map layer displayed to the graphics monitor.
d.redraw	Redraws the current display frame in the GRASS monitor
d.resize	Resizes active display monitor
d.rgb	Displays three user-specified raster maps as red, green, and blue overlays in the active graphics frame.
d.rhumbline	Displays the rhumbline joining two user-specified points, in the active frame on the user's graphics monitor.
d.save	Creates a list of commands for recreating screen graphics.
d.shadedmap	Drapes a color raster over a shaded relief map using d.his.
d.slide.show	Slide show of GRASS raster/vector maps.
d.split.frame	Split the display into subframes.
d.split	Divides active display into two frames & displays maps/executes commands in each frame.
d.text	Draws text in the active display frame on the graphics monitor using the current font.
d.thematic.area	Displays a thematic vector area map in the active frame on the graphics monitor.
d.title	Create a TITLE for a raster map in a form suitable for display with d.text.
d.vect.chart	Displays charts of vector data in the active frame on the graphics monitor.
d.vect	Displays user-specified vector map in the active graphics frame.
d.vect.thematic	Displays thematic vector map
d.what.rast	Allows the user to interactively query the category contents of multiple raster map layers at user specified locations within the current geographic region.
d.what.vect	Allows the user to interactively query a vector map layer at user-selected locations within the current geographic region.
d.where	Identifies the geographic coordinates associated with point locations in the active frame on the graphics monitor.
d.zoom	Allows the user to change the current geographic region settings interactively, with a mouse.

db.* commands:

db.columns	List all columns for a given table.
db.connect	Prints/sets general DB connection for current mapset and exits.
db.copy	Copy a table.
db.describe	Describes a table in detail.
db.drivers	Lists all database drivers.
db.dropcol	Drops a column from selected attribute table
db.droptable	Drops an attribute table.
db.execute	Executes any SQL statement.
db.in.ogr	Imports attribute tables in various formats.
db.login	Sets user/password for driver/database.
db.out.ogr	Exports attribute tables into various formats.
db.select	Selects data from attribute table (performs SQL query statement(s)).
db.tables	Lists all tables for a given database.
db.test	Test database driver, database must exist and set by db.connect.

g.* commands:

g.access	Controls access to the current mapset for other users on the system.
g.ask	Prompts the user for the names of GRASS data base files.
g.copy	Copies available data files in the user's current mapset search path and location to the appropriate element directories under the user's current mapset.
g.dirseps	Internal GRASS utility for converting directory separator characters.
g.extension	Tool to maintain GRASS extensions in local GRASS installation.
g.filename	Prints GRASS data base file names.
g.findetc	Searches for GRASS support files.
g.findfile	Searches for GRASS data base files and sets variables for the shell.
g.gisenv	Outputs and modifies the user's current GRASS variable settings.
g.gui	Launches a GRASS graphical user interface (GUI) session.
g.list	Lists available GRASS data base files of the user-specified data type.
g.manual	Display the HTML man pages of GRASS
g.mapset	Changes current mapset.
g.mapsets	Modifies the user's current mapset search path.
g.message	Prints a message, warning, progress info, or fatal error in the GRASS way.
g.mkfontcap	Generates the font configuration file by scanning various directories for fonts
g.mlist	Lists available GRASS data base files of the user-specified data type optionally using the search pattern.
g.mremove	Removes data base element files from the user's current mapset.
g.parser	Provides automated parser, GUI, and help support for GRASS scipts.
g.pnmcomp	Overlays multiple PPM image files
g.proj	Prints and manipulates GRASS projection information files (in various co-ordinate system descriptions).
g.region	Manages the boundary definitions for the geographic region.
g.remove	Removes data base element files from the user's current mapset.
g.rename	Renames data base element files in the user's current mapset.
g.setproj	Interactively reset the location's projection settings.
g.tempfile	Creates a temporary file and prints the file name.
g.transform	Computes a coordinate transformation based on the control points.
g.version	Displays version and copyright information.

i.* commands:

i.atcorr	Performs atmospheric correction using the 6S algorithm.
i.cca	Canonical components analysis (cca) program for image processing.
i.class	Generates spectral signatures for an image by allowing the user to outline regions of interest.
i.cluster	Generates spectral signatures for land cover types in an image using a clustering algorithm.
i.fft	Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for image processing.
i.fusion.brovey	Brovey transform to merge multispectral and high-res panchromatic channels
i.gensig	Generates statistics for i.maxlik from raster map.
i.gensigset	Generates statistics for i.smap from raster map.
i.group	Creates, edits, and lists groups and subgroups of imagery data.
i.his.rgb	Transforms raster maps from HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space to RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space.
i.ifft	Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) for image processing.
i.image.mosaic	Mosaics up to four images, extending the color table.
i.in.spotvgt	Import of SPOT VGT NDVI file into a raster map
i.landsat.acca	Performs Landsat TM/ETM+ Automatic Cloud Cover Assessment (ACCA).
i.landsat.rgb	Performs auto-balancing of colors for LANDSAT images.
i.landsat.toar	Calculates top-of-atmosphere radiance or reflectance and temperature for Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI
i.maxlik	Classifies the cell spectral reflectances in imagery data.
i.modis.qc	Extracts quality control parameters from Modis QC layers.
i.oif	Calculates Optimum-Index-Factor table for LANDSAT TM bands 1-5, & 7
i.ortho.photo	Menu driver for the photo imagery programs.
i.pca	Principal components analysis (PCA) for image processing.
i.photo.2image	Interactively mark fiducial or reseau points on an image.
i.photo.2target	Creates control points on an image to be ortho-rectified.
i.photo.camera	Interactively select and modify the imagery group camera reference file.
i.photo.init	Interactively creates or modifies entries in a camera initial exposure station file for imagery group referenced by a sub-block.
i.photo.rectify	Orthorectifies an image by using the image to photo coordinate transformation matrix.
i.points	Mark ground control points on image to be rectified.
i.rectify	Rectifies an image by computing a coordinate transformation for each pixel in the image based on the control points.
i.rgb.his	Transforms raster maps from RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space to HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space.
i.smap	Performs contextual image classification using sequential maximum a posteriori (SMAP) estimation.
i.spectral	Displays spectral response at user specified locations for an imagery group or a list of raster maps.
i.target	Targets an imagery group to a GRASS location and mapset.
i.tasscap	Tasseled Cap (Kauth Thomas) transformation for LANDSAT-TM data
i.topo.corr	Computes topographic correction of reflectance.
i.vpoints	Set registration points for an imagery group from a vector map or keyboard entry.
i.zc	Zero-crossing "edge detection" raster function for image processing.

m.* commands:

m.cogo	A simple utility for converting bearing and distance measurements to coordinates and vice versa.
m.nviz.image	Creates a 3D rendering of GIS data.
m.proj	Convert coordinates from one projection to another (cs2cs frontend).

ps.* commands:

ps.map

Produces hardcopy PostScript map output.

r.* commands:

r.average	Finds the average of values in a cover map within areas assigned the same category value in a user-specified base map.
r.basins.fill	Generates watershed subbasins raster map.
r.bilinear	Bilinear interpolation utility for raster map layers.
r.bitpattern	Compares bit patterns with a raster map.
r.blend	Blends color components of two raster maps by a given ratio.
r.buffer	Creates a raster map layer showing buffer zones surrounding cells that contain non-NULL category values.
r.carve	Generates stream channels.
r.category	Manages category values and labels associated with user-specified raster map layers.
r.circle	Creates a raster map containing concentric rings around a given point.
r.clump	Recategorizes data in a raster map by grouping cells that form physically discrete areas into unique categories.
r.coin	Tabulates the mutual occurrence (coincidence) of categories for two raster map layers.
r.colors	Creates/modifies the color table associated with a raster map layer.
r.colors.out	Exports the color table associated with a raster map layer.
r.colors.stddev	Set color rules based on stddev from a map's mean value.
r.composite	Combines red, green and blue raster maps into a single composite raster map.
r.compress	Compresses and decompresses raster maps.
r.contour	Produces a vector map of specified contours from a raster map.
r.cost	Creates a raster map showing the cumulative cost of moving between different geographic locations on an input raster map whose cell category values represent cost.
r.covar	Outputs a covariance/correlation matrix for user-specified raster map layer(s).
r.cross	Creates a cross product of the category values from multiple raster map layers.
r.describe	Prints terse list of category values found in a raster map layer.
r.digit	Interactive tool used to draw and save vector features on a graphics monitor using a pointing device (mouse) and save to a raster map.
r.distance	Locates the closest points between objects in two raster maps.
r.drain	Traces a flow through an elevation model on a raster map.
r.external	Link GDAL supported raster file to a binary raster map layer.
r.fill.dir	Filters and generates a depressionless elevation map and a flow direction map from a given elevation raster map.
r.fillnulls	Fills no-data areas in raster maps using spline interpolation.
r.flow	Constructs flow lines.
r.grow.distance	Generates a raster map containing distances to nearest raster features.
r.grow	Generates a raster map layer with contiguous areas grown by one cell.
r.gwflow	Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions.
r.his	Generates red, green and blue raster map layers combining hue, intensity and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster map layers.
r.horizon	Horizon angle computation from a digital elevation model.
r.in.arc	Converts an ESRI ARC/INFO ascii raster file (GRID) into a (binary) raster map layer.
r.in.ascii	Converts ASCII raster file to binary raster map layer.
r.in.aster	Georeference, rectify and import Terra-ASTER imagery and relative DEM's using gdalwarp.
r.in.bin	Import a binary raster file into a GRASS raster map.
r.info	Output basic information about a raster map layer.
r.in.gdal	Import GDAL supported raster file into a binary raster map layer.
r.in.gridatb	Imports GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL) into GRASS raster map
r.in.mat	Imports a binary MAT-File(v4) to a GRASS raster.
r.in.poly	Creates raster maps from ASCII polygon/line/point data files.
r.in.srtm	Import SRTM HGT files into GRASS
r.in.wms	Downloads and imports data from WMS servers.
r.in.xyz	Create a raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics.
r.kappa	Calculate error matrix and kappa parameter for accuracy assessment of classification result.
r.lake	Fills lake at given point to given level.
r.le.patch	Calculates attribute, patch size, core (interior) size, shape, fractal dimension, and perimeter measures for sets of patches in a landscape.
r.le.pixel	Contains a set of measures for attributes, diversity, texture, juxtaposition, and edge.
r.le.setup	Interactive tool used to setup the sampling and analysis framework that will be used by the other r.le programs.
r.le.trace	Displays the boundary of each r.le patch and shows how the boundary is traced, displays the attribute, size, perimeter and shape indices for each patch and saves the data in an output file.
r.li.cwed	Calculates contrast weighted edge density index on a raster map
r.li.daemon	Support module for r.li landscape index calculations.
r.li.dominance	Calculates dominance's diversity index on a raster map
r.li.edgedensity	Calculates edge density index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm
r.li	Landscape structure analysis package overview.
r.li.mpa	Calculates mean pixel attribute index on a raster map
r.li.mps	Calculates mean patch size index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm
r.li.padcv	Calculates coefficient of variation of patch area on a raster map
r.li.padrange	Calculates range of patch area size on a raster map
r.li.padsd	Calculates standard deviation of patch area a raster map
r.li.patchdensity	Calculates patch density index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm
r.li.patchnum	Calculates patch number index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm.
r.li.pielou	Calculates Pielou's diversity index on a raster map
r.li.renyi	Calculates Renyi's diversity index on a raster map
r.li.richness	Calculates richness index on a raster map
r.li.setup	Configuration editor for r.li.'index'
r.li.shannon	Calculates Shannon's diversity index on a raster map
r.li.shape	Calculates shape index on a raster map
r.li.simpson	Calculates Simpson's diversity index on a raster map
r.los	Line-of-sight raster analysis program.
r.mapcalc	Raster map calculator.
r.mapcalculator	Calculate new raster map from a r.mapcalc expression.
r.mask	Creates a MASK for limiting raster operation.
r.median	Finds the median of values in a cover map within areas assigned the same category value in a user-specified base map.
r.mfilter.fp	Raster map matrix filter.
r.mfilter	Performs raster map matrix filter.
r.mode	Finds the mode of values in a cover map within areas assigned the same category value in a user-specified base map.
r.neighbors	Makes each cell category value a function of the category values assigned to the cells around it, and stores new cell values in an output raster map layer.
r.null	Manages NULL-values of given raster map.
r.out.arc	Converts a raster map layer into an ESRI ARCGRID file.
r.out.ascii	Converts a raster map layer into an ASCII text file.
r.out.bin	Exports a GRASS raster map to a binary array.
r.out.gdal	Exports GRASS raster maps into GDAL supported formats.
r.out.gdal.sh	Exports GRASS raster into GDAL supported formats.
r.out.gridatb	Exports GRASS raster map to GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL)
r.out.mat	Exports a GRASS raster to a binary MAT-File.
r.out.mpeg	Raster File Series to MPEG Conversion.
r.out.png	Export GRASS raster as non-georeferenced PNG image.
r.out.pov	Converts a raster map layer into a height-field file for POVRAY.
r.out.ppm3	Converts 3 GRASS raster layers (R,G,B) to a PPM image file at the pixel resolution of the CURRENTLY DEFINED REGION.
r.out.ppm	Converts a GRASS raster map to a PPM image file at the pixel resolution of the currently defined region.
r.out.tiff	Exports a GRASS raster map to a 8/24bit TIFF image file at the pixel resolution of the currently defined region.
r.out.vrml	Export a raster map to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
r.out.vtk	Converts raster maps into the VTK-Ascii format
r.out.xyz	Export a raster map to a text file as x,y,z values based on cell centers.
r.pack	Packs up a raster map and support files for copying.
r.param.scale	Extracts terrain parameters from a DEM.
r.patch	Creates a composite raster map layer by using known category values from one (or more) map layer(s) to fill in areas of "no data" in another map layer.
r.plane	Creates raster plane map given dip (inclination), aspect (azimuth) and one point.
r.profile	Outputs the raster map layer values lying on user-defined line(s).
r.proj	Re-projects a raster map from one location to the current location.
r.quant	Produces the quantization file for a floating-point map.
r.quantile	Compute quantiles using two passes.
r.random.cells	Generates random cell values with spatial dependence.
r.random	Creates a raster map layer and vector point map containing randomly located points.
r.random.surface	Generates random surface(s) with spatial dependence.
r.reclass.area	Reclasses a raster map greater or less than user specified area size (in hectares).
r.reclass	Reclassify raster map based on category values.
r.recode	Recodes categorical raster maps.
r.region	Sets the boundary definitions for a raster map.
r.regression.line	Calculates linear regression from two raster maps: y = a + b*x.
r.report	Reports statistics for raster maps.
r.resamp.interp	Resamples raster map layers to a finer grid using interpolation.
r.resample	GRASS raster map layer data resampling capability.
r.resamp.rst	Reinterpolates and optionally computes topographic analysis from input raster map to a new raster map (possibly with different resolution) using regularized spline with tension and smoothing.
r.resamp.stats	Resamples raster map layers to a coarser grid using aggregation.
r.rescale.eq	Rescales histogram equalized the range of category values in a raster map layer.
r.rescale	Rescales the range of category values in a raster map layer.
r.ros	Generates three, or four raster map layers showing 1) the base (perpendicular) rate of spread (ROS), 2) the maximum (forward) ROS, 3) the direction of the maximum ROS, and optionally 4) the maximum potential spotting distance.
r.series	Makes each output cell value a function of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map layers.
r.shaded.relief	Creates shaded relief map from an elevation map (DEM).
r.sim.sediment	Sediment transport and erosion/deposition simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
r.sim.water	Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
r.slope.aspect	Generates raster maps of slope, aspect, curvatures and partial derivatives from a elevation raster map.
r.spread	Simulates elliptically anisotropic spread on a graphics window and generates a raster map of the cumulative time of spread, given raster maps containing the rates of spread (ROS), the ROS directions and the spread origins.
r.spreadpath	Recursively traces the least cost path backwards to cells from which the cumulative cost was determined.
r.statistics	Calculates category or object oriented statistics.
r.stats	Generates area statistics for raster map layers.
r.sum	Sums up the raster cell values.
r.sun	Solar irradiance and irradiation model.
r.sunmask	Calculates cast shadow areas from sun position and elevation raster map.
r.support	Allows creation and/or modification of raster map layer support files.
r.support.stats	Update raster map statistics
r.surf.area	Surface area estimation for rasters.
r.surf.contour	Surface generation program from rasterized contours.
r.surf.fractal	Creates a fractal surface of a given fractal dimension.
r.surf.gauss	GRASS module to produce a raster map layer of gaussian deviates whose mean and standard deviation can be expressed by the user. It uses a gaussian random number generator.
r.surf.idw2	Surface generation program.
r.surf.idw	Surface interpolation utility for raster map.
r.surf.random	Produces a raster map of uniform random deviates whose range can be expressed by the user.
r.terraflow	Flow computation for massive grids (float version).
r.texture	Generate images with textural features from a raster map.
r.thin	Thins non-zero cells that denote linear features in a raster map.
r.tileset	Produces tilings of the source projection for use in the destination region and projection.
r.timestamp	Modifies a timestamp for a raster map.
r.topidx	Creates topographic index map from elevation raster map.
r.topmodel	Simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrologic model.
r.to.rast3elev	Creates a 3D volume map based on 2D elevation and value raster maps.
r.to.rast3	Converts 2D raster map slices to one 3D raster volume map.
r.to.vect	Converts a raster map into a vector map.
r.transect	Outputs raster map layer values lying along user defined transect line(s).
r.univar	Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells of a raster map.
r.univar.sh	calculates univariate statistics from a GRASS raster map
r.unpack	Unpacks a raster map packed with r.pack.
r.volume	Calculates the volume of data "clumps", and (optionally) produces a GRASS vector points map containing the calculated centroids of these clumps.
r.walk	Outputs a raster map layer showing the anisotropic cumulative cost of moving between different geographic locations on an input elevation raster map layer whose cell category values represent elevation combined with an input raster map layer whose cell values represent friction cost.
r.water.outlet	Creates watershed basins.
r.watershed	Watershed basin analysis program.
r.what.color	Queries colors for a raster map layer.
r.what	Queries raster map layers on their category values and category labels.

r3.* commands:

r3.cross.rast	Creates cross section 2D raster map from 3D raster map based on 2D elevation map.
r3.gwflow	Calculates numerically transient, confined groundwater flow in three dimensions.
r3.in.ascii	Converts a 3D ASCII raster text file into a (binary) 3D raster map layer.
r3.info	Outputs basic information about a user-specified 3D raster map layer.
r3.in.v5d	Imports 3-dimensional Vis5D files (i.e. the V5D file with 1 variable and 1 time step).
r3.mapcalc	3D raster map calculator.
r3.mapcalculator	Calculates new grid3D volume from r3.mapcalc expression.
r3.mask	Establishes the current working 3D raster mask.
r3.mkdspf	Creates a display file from an existing grid3 file according to specified threshold levels.
r3.null	Explicitly create the 3D NULL-value bitmap file.
r3.out.ascii	Converts a 3D raster map layer into an ASCII text file.
r3.out.v5d	Exports GRASS 3D raster map to 3-dimensional Vis5D file.
r3.out.vtk	Converts 3D raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
r3.stats	Generates volume statistics for 3D raster maps.
r3.timestamp	Print/add/remove a timestamp for a 3D raster map
r3.to.rast	Converts 3D raster maps to 2D raster maps
r3.univar	Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null 3d cells of a raster3d map.

v.* commands:

v.buffer	Creates a buffer around features of given type (areas must contain centroid).
v.build.all	Rebuilds topology on all vector maps in the current mapset.
v.build	Creates topology for GRASS vector map.
v.build.polylines	Builds polylines from lines or boundaries.
v.category	Attach, delete or report vector categories to map geometry.
v.centroids	Adds missing centroids to closed boundaries.
v.class	Classifies attribute data, e.g. for thematic mapping
v.clean	Toolset for cleaning topology of vector map.
v.colors	Set color rules for features in a vector using a numeric attribute column.
v.convert.all	Converts all older versions of GRASS vector maps in current mapset to current format.
v.convert	Imports older versions of GRASS vector maps.
v.db.addcol	Adds one or more columns to the attribute table connected to a given vector map.
v.db.addtable	Creates and connects a new attribute table to a given layer of an existing vector map.
v.db.connect	Prints/sets DB connection for a vector map to attribute table.
v.db.dropcol	Drops a column from the attribute table connected to a given vector map.
v.db.droptable	Removes existing attribute table of a vector map.
v.db.join	Joins a database table to a vector map table.
v.db.reconnect.all	Reconnects vectors to a new database.
v.db.renamecol	Renames a column in the attribute table connected to a given vector map.
v.db.select	Prints vector map attributes.
v.db.univar	Calculates univariate statistics on selected table column for a GRASS vector map.
v.db.update	Updates a column in the attribute table connected to a vector map.
v.delaunay	Creates a Delaunay triangulation from an input vector map containing points or centroids.
v.digit	Interactive editing and digitization of vector maps.
v.dissolve	Dissolves boundaries between adjacent areas sharing a common category number or attribute.
v.distance	Finds the nearest element in vector map 'to' for elements in vector map 'from'.
v.drape	Converts vector map to 3D by sampling of elevation raster map.
v.edit	Edits a vector map, allows adding, deleting and modifying selected vector features.
v.external	Creates a new vector as a read-only link to OGR layer.
v.extract	Selects vector objects from an existing vector map and creates a new map containing only the selected objects.
v.extrude	Extrudes flat vector object to 3D with defined height.
v.generalize	Vector based generalization.
v.hull	Produces a convex hull for a given vector map.
v.in.ascii	Creates a vector map from ASCII points file or ASCII vector file.
v.in.db	Creates new vector (points) map from database table containing coordinates.
v.in.dxf	Converts files in DXF format to GRASS vector map format.
v.in.e00	Import E00 file into a vector map.
v.info	Outputs basic information about a user-specified vector map.
v.in.garmin	Download waypoints, routes, and tracks from a Garmin GPS receiver into a vector map.
v.in.geonames	Imports geonames.org country files into a GRASS vector points map.
v.in.gns	Imports US-NGA GEOnet Names Server (GNS) country files into a GRASS vector points map.
v.in.gpsbabel	Import waypoints, routes, and tracks from a GPS receiver or GPS download file into a vector map.
v.in.lines	Import ASCII x,y[,z] coordinates as a series of lines.
v.in.mapgen	Imports Mapgen or Matlab-ASCII vector maps into GRASS.
v.in.ogr	Convert OGR vector layers to GRASS vector map.
v.in.region	Creates a vector polygon from the current region extent.
v.in.sites.all	Converts all old GRASS < Ver5.7 sites maps in current mapset to vector maps.
v.in.sites	Converts a GRASS site_lists file into a vector map.
v.in.wfs	Import GetFeature from WFS
v.kcv	Randomly partition points into test/train sets.
v.kernel	Generates a raster density map from vector point data using a moving kernel or optionally generates a vector density map on a vector network.
v.krige.py	v.krige.py
v.label	Creates paint labels for a vector map from attached attributes.
v.label.sa	Create optimally placed labels for vector map(s)
v.lidar.correction	Correction of the v.lidar.growing output. It is the last of the three algorithms for LIDAR filtering.
v.lidar.edgedetection	Detects the object's edges from a LIDAR data set.
v.lidar.growing	Building contour determination and Region Growing algorithm for determining the building inside
v.lrs.create	Creates Linear Reference System
v.lrs.label	Creates stationing from input lines, and linear reference system
v.lrs.segment	Creates points/segments from input lines, linear reference system and positions read from stdin or a file.
v.lrs.where	Finds line id and real km+offset for given points in vector map using linear reference system.
v.mkgrid	Creates a GRASS vector map of a user-defined grid.
v.neighbors	Makes each cell value a function of the attribute values assigned to the vector points or centroids around it, and stores new cell values in an output raster map layer.
v.net.alloc	Allocate subnets for nearest centres (direction from centre).
v.net.allpairs	Computes the shortest path between all pairs of nodes in the network.
v.net.bridge	Computes bridges and articulation points in the network.
v.net.centrality	Computes degree, centrality, betweeness, closeness and eigenvector centrality measures in the network.
v.net.components	Computes strongly and weakly connected components in the network.
v.net.connectivity	Computes vertex connectivity between two sets of nodes in the network.
v.net.distance	Computes shortest distance via the network between the given sets of features.
v.net.flow	Computes the maximum flow between two sets of nodes in the network.
v.net	Performs network maintenance.
v.net.iso	Splits net by cost isolines.
v.net.path	Finds shortest path on vector network.
v.net.salesman	Creates a cycle connecting given nodes (Traveling salesman problem).
v.net.spanningtree	Computes minimum spanning tree for the network.
v.net.steiner	Create Steiner tree for the network and given terminals
v.net.timetable	Finds shortest path using timetables.
v.net.visibility	Visibility graph construction.
v.normal	Tests for normality for points.
v.out.ascii	Converts a GRASS binary vector map to a GRASS ASCII vector map.
v.out.dxf	Exports GRASS vector map layers to DXF file format.
v.out.gpsbabel	Exports a vector map to a GPS receiver or file format supported by GpsBabel.
v.outlier	Removes outliers from vector point data.
v.out.ogr	Converts to one of the supported OGR vector formats.
v.out.pov	Converts to POV-Ray format, GRASS x,y,z -> POV-Ray x,z,y
v.out.svg	Exports a GRASS vector map to SVG.
v.out.vtk	Converts a GRASS binary vector map to VTK ASCII output.
v.overlay	Overlays two vector maps.
v.parallel2	Creates parallel line to input vector lines.
v.parallel	Create parallel line to input lines
v.patch	Create a new vector map layer by combining other vector map layers.
v.perturb	Random location perturbations of GRASS vector points
v.proj	Re-projects a vector map from one location to the current location.
v.qcount	Indices for quadrat counts of sites lists.
v.random	Randomly generate a 2D/3D vector points map.
v.rast.stats	Calculates univariate statistics from a raster map based on vector polygons and uploads statistics to new attribute columns.
v.reclass	Changes vector category values for an existing vector map according to results of SQL queries or a value in attribute table column.
v.report	Reports geometry statistics for vectors.
v.sample	Samples a raster map at vector point locations.
v.segment	Creates points/segments from input vector lines and positions.
v.select	Selects features from vector map (A) by features from other vector map (B).
v.split	Split lines to shorter segments.
v.support	Updates vector map metadata.
v.surf.bspline	Bicubic or bilinear spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization.
v.surf.idw	Surface interpolation from vector point data by Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
v.surf.rst	Spatial approximation and topographic analysis from given point or isoline data in vector format to floating point raster format using regularized spline with tension.
v.to.3d	Performs transformation of 2D vector features to 3D.
v.to.db	Populates database values from vector features.
v.to.points	Create points along input lines in new vector with 2 layers.
v.to.rast3	Converts a binary GRASS vector map (only points) layer into a 3D GRASS raster map layer.
v.to.rast	Converts (rasterize) a vector map into a raster map.
v.transform	Performs an affine transformation (shift, scale and rotate, or GPCs) on vector map.
v.type	Change the type of geometry elements.
v.univar	Calculates univariate statistics for attribute. Variance and standard deviation is calculated only for points if specified.
v.univar.sh	Calculates univariate statistics on selected table column for a GRASS vector map.
v.vect.stats	Count points in areas, calculate statistics.
v.vol.rst	Interpolates point data to a 3D raster map using regularized spline with tension (RST) algorithm.
v.voronoi	Creates a Voronoi diagram from an input vector map containing points or centroids.
v.what	Queries a vector map layer at given locations.
v.what.rast	Uploads raster values at positions of vector points to the table.
v.what.vect	Uploads vector values at positions of vector points to the table.